1 00:00:12,616 --> 00:00:16,370 -[air raid siren blares in distance] -[footsteps marching] 2 00:00:16,454 --> 00:00:20,291 [tense music playing] 3 00:00:21,333 --> 00:00:22,793 [airplane approaching] 4 00:00:23,502 --> 00:00:25,588 [explosions booming] 5 00:00:37,808 --> 00:00:42,438 [clock ticking] 6 00:00:44,815 --> 00:00:48,486 [indistinct chatter over communications radio] 7 00:00:50,279 --> 00:00:52,656 [Hitler on radio, in German] You are flesh… 8 00:00:52,740 --> 00:00:54,617 [man over radio] Are you on the beach yet? Over. 9 00:00:54,700 --> 00:01:00,581 [battle sounds mix with radio chatter] 10 00:01:01,415 --> 00:01:02,583 [door opens] 11 00:01:03,209 --> 00:01:04,293 [Clementine] Winston? 12 00:01:09,799 --> 00:01:10,674 Winston? 13 00:01:11,884 --> 00:01:13,094 Won't you go to bed? 14 00:01:13,177 --> 00:01:15,179 [somber music playing] 15 00:01:17,515 --> 00:01:18,390 Winston? 16 00:01:18,474 --> 00:01:20,434 [combat sounds echoing] 17 00:01:20,518 --> 00:01:24,730 [explosions and gunfire continue] 18 00:01:25,689 --> 00:01:29,276 Do you realize that by the time you wake… 19 00:01:31,862 --> 00:01:34,323 20,000 of our young men… 20 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:37,743 have lost their lives? 21 00:01:50,714 --> 00:01:52,341 [Churchill] We'll never surrender. 22 00:01:54,510 --> 00:01:55,636 [gulls calling] 23 00:01:58,806 --> 00:02:04,436 The mounting of Operation Overlord was the greatest event and duty in the world. 24 00:02:06,647 --> 00:02:10,151 The fearful price we had to pay in human life and blood 25 00:02:10,234 --> 00:02:13,863 for the great offensives of the First World War 26 00:02:13,946 --> 00:02:15,948 was graven in my mind. 27 00:02:18,492 --> 00:02:20,786 [Tucker-Jones] Churchill was always haunted by Gallipoli. 28 00:02:21,328 --> 00:02:23,038 The whole thing was a fiasco. 29 00:02:24,206 --> 00:02:28,711 As Operation Overlord, the D-Day landings, drew nearer and nearer, 30 00:02:29,628 --> 00:02:32,548 he'd began to fear that there would be a bloodbath 31 00:02:32,631 --> 00:02:36,802 and he'd committed himself to something that was going to be a disaster. 32 00:02:37,845 --> 00:02:43,142 [Churchill] If Overlord was to be done, it must be done with smashing force. 33 00:02:43,225 --> 00:02:45,060 [intriguing music playing] 34 00:02:51,650 --> 00:02:55,571 [man, in German] No matter how the storm rages against the walls of our fortress, 35 00:02:56,071 --> 00:03:00,201 this battle will, in the end, despite all the devilry of our opponents, 36 00:03:00,284 --> 00:03:03,120 lead to the greatest victory of the German Reich. 37 00:03:03,871 --> 00:03:07,041 [Snow] Germany still dominates the continent of Europe. 38 00:03:07,541 --> 00:03:09,752 Britain, America and their allies 39 00:03:09,835 --> 00:03:12,922 have to get a foothold on that European shore 40 00:03:13,005 --> 00:03:14,798 and start liberating Western Europe. 41 00:03:19,261 --> 00:03:22,223 [Churchill] All southern England became a vast military camp, 42 00:03:22,973 --> 00:03:27,144 filled with men trained, instructed, and eager 43 00:03:27,228 --> 00:03:30,272 to come to grips with the Germans across the water. 44 00:03:32,024 --> 00:03:36,695 [Roberts] Churchill always wanted to return to the continent in force one day, 45 00:03:37,321 --> 00:03:39,406 but he didn't want to undertake it too early, 46 00:03:39,490 --> 00:03:41,200 and he only wanted to undertake it 47 00:03:41,283 --> 00:03:44,328 when he was absolutely, 100% certain of success. 48 00:03:45,579 --> 00:03:51,293 You couldn't do this at half-cock because otherwise the Germans might win. 49 00:03:52,127 --> 00:03:56,840 The question is, is the cause that important where life can be lost? 50 00:03:56,924 --> 00:04:00,094 And I think Winston Churchill came to the conclusion it was. 51 00:04:01,929 --> 00:04:06,267 [Churchill] The enemy were bound to know that a great invasion was being prepared. 52 00:04:07,142 --> 00:04:11,188 We had to conceal the place and time of the attack 53 00:04:11,272 --> 00:04:17,152 and make him think we were landing somewhere else and at a different moment. 54 00:04:17,236 --> 00:04:18,404 [chilling drumroll plays] 55 00:04:18,487 --> 00:04:21,907 [Douds] There's only so many places you can go. Calais is a logical choice. 56 00:04:21,991 --> 00:04:24,410 Being the closest place to England, 57 00:04:24,493 --> 00:04:27,955 certainly that's where the Germans think the Allies are going to land, 58 00:04:28,038 --> 00:04:29,748 but ultimately Normandy is chosen. 59 00:04:29,832 --> 00:04:30,791 [ominous music playing] 60 00:04:30,874 --> 00:04:32,751 It's a better chance for us to get ashore 61 00:04:32,835 --> 00:04:35,254 because the defenses at Calais are immense. 62 00:04:36,088 --> 00:04:39,341 [Churchill] In wartime, truth is so precious, 63 00:04:39,425 --> 00:04:43,887 that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies. 64 00:04:44,763 --> 00:04:48,434 They'll come up with a deception plan called Operation Bodyguard. 65 00:04:49,268 --> 00:04:51,562 We want to confuse them as to where we are going 66 00:04:51,645 --> 00:04:53,480 so they don't build up any defenses. 67 00:04:55,107 --> 00:04:57,192 [Petraeus] Churchill had such an active mind. 68 00:04:57,276 --> 00:05:01,780 He thoroughly enjoyed the intrigue in these different schemes. 69 00:05:02,323 --> 00:05:06,201 [Snow] There are British double agents telling the Germans all sorts of nonsense 70 00:05:06,285 --> 00:05:10,080 and spinning them all sorts of lines about where and when the invasion's gonna be. 71 00:05:10,581 --> 00:05:13,834 They make the best US general, Patton, sit down in southeast England 72 00:05:13,917 --> 00:05:16,128 with an entirely fake army group. 73 00:05:16,211 --> 00:05:18,589 [air hissing] 74 00:05:19,757 --> 00:05:24,511 It's nothing but inflatable tanks and aircraft made of balsa wood. 75 00:05:27,014 --> 00:05:31,852 [Churchill] Simulated concentrations of troops, fleets of dummy ships, 76 00:05:32,436 --> 00:05:35,981 increased wireless activity were all used. 77 00:05:36,065 --> 00:05:37,941 [plane engines humming] 78 00:05:38,025 --> 00:05:39,568 [cameras clicking and snapping] 79 00:05:42,071 --> 00:05:45,032 [Douds] General Eisenhower will get command of the invasion of Normandy. 80 00:05:46,033 --> 00:05:48,994 He had been in command of the landing in North Africa. 81 00:05:49,078 --> 00:05:52,331 He's also the senior commander for the invasion of Sicily, 82 00:05:52,414 --> 00:05:54,500 so he's got two landings under his belt. 83 00:05:57,169 --> 00:05:59,088 [Roberts] From Eisenhower's perspective, 84 00:05:59,171 --> 00:06:03,258 they needed Britain as the springboard for the liberation of the continent, 85 00:06:03,342 --> 00:06:06,512 so Churchill had to get on with Eisenhower, 86 00:06:06,595 --> 00:06:08,514 Eisenhower had to get on with Churchill. 87 00:06:08,597 --> 00:06:11,100 You've got the political and the military interacting here. 88 00:06:11,183 --> 00:06:13,060 There are tensions there for sure. 89 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:16,397 [Petraeus] Churchill fashioned himself as a military leader, 90 00:06:16,480 --> 00:06:18,190 but he's not driving this. 91 00:06:18,273 --> 00:06:22,111 At this point in time, his contribution, in a way, has been made. 92 00:06:22,736 --> 00:06:26,156 Eisenhower's trying to, in a sense, manage Churchill. 93 00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:29,076 [Brinkley] And that's something nobody has an ability to do. 94 00:06:29,159 --> 00:06:34,456 Keeping a personality like Churchill under thumb isn't easy. 95 00:06:35,874 --> 00:06:39,628 "The decision's made, Prime Minister, now let us get on with the planning." 96 00:06:40,838 --> 00:06:44,049 [Churchill] I felt we were at one of the climaxes of the war. 97 00:06:44,883 --> 00:06:47,886 As D-Day approached, the tension grew. 98 00:06:48,887 --> 00:06:51,932 [Brinkley] Eisenhower would use threatening to quit 99 00:06:52,015 --> 00:06:55,227 to make sure that President Roosevelt stayed with Ike 100 00:06:55,310 --> 00:06:58,647 and not jump on one of Churchill's war plans. 101 00:07:00,065 --> 00:07:02,693 [Douds] Roosevelt will defer to Eisenhower, 102 00:07:02,776 --> 00:07:06,738 and ultimately Winston Churchill has to defer to Franklin Delano Roosevelt. 103 00:07:07,489 --> 00:07:11,994 By that point, the Americans very much are firmly in the driving seat. 104 00:07:12,077 --> 00:07:15,831 Britain was no longer the senior strategic partner in the Second World War, 105 00:07:15,914 --> 00:07:18,542 and America began increasingly to call the shots. 106 00:07:18,625 --> 00:07:21,003 [Purnell] At the beginning of the war, you could probably say 107 00:07:21,086 --> 00:07:23,672 that Roosevelt looked up to Churchill in some ways. 108 00:07:23,755 --> 00:07:26,341 Here was this guy who was standing up to Hitler 109 00:07:26,425 --> 00:07:28,635 and had become this famous person. 110 00:07:28,719 --> 00:07:30,262 [crowd cheering] 111 00:07:30,345 --> 00:07:34,433 But the huge might of the American military 112 00:07:34,516 --> 00:07:37,811 meant that Churchill starts to become the junior partner. 113 00:07:39,855 --> 00:07:43,525 When they were planning D-Day in great secrecy, 114 00:07:43,609 --> 00:07:46,862 Churchill said that he wanted to be there. 115 00:07:47,488 --> 00:07:49,823 [Churchill] A man who has to play an effective part 116 00:07:49,907 --> 00:07:53,660 in taking grave and terrible decisions of war 117 00:07:53,744 --> 00:07:56,163 may need the refreshment of adventure. 118 00:07:57,372 --> 00:07:59,041 He may need also the comfort 119 00:07:59,124 --> 00:08:02,377 that when sending so many others to their deaths, 120 00:08:02,878 --> 00:08:05,881 he may share, in a small way, their risks. 121 00:08:07,257 --> 00:08:10,677 [Soames] This thing of always wanting to be where the action was 122 00:08:11,178 --> 00:08:13,305 stayed with him throughout his life. 123 00:08:14,515 --> 00:08:17,518 You know, It goes back to his early life. He loved the battle. 124 00:08:17,601 --> 00:08:20,062 I hate to say it, but he liked a battlefield. 125 00:08:22,689 --> 00:08:27,736 His adrenaline rush from his antics in South Africa 126 00:08:28,695 --> 00:08:30,239 probably never left him. 127 00:08:30,948 --> 00:08:32,783 [Churchill exhales] 128 00:08:32,866 --> 00:08:34,868 [clock ticks] 129 00:08:34,952 --> 00:08:35,911 I should be there. 130 00:08:35,994 --> 00:08:39,790 I should be on board that ship this very instant as the barrage begins. 131 00:08:39,873 --> 00:08:44,378 The greatest invasion in the history of the world, and I'm trapped here. 132 00:08:44,962 --> 00:08:46,463 This is all the King's fault. 133 00:08:46,964 --> 00:08:49,383 Well, I'm afraid I agree with the King. 134 00:08:49,967 --> 00:08:54,096 The country can ill afford your losing your head to a stray shell in battle. 135 00:08:54,680 --> 00:08:57,724 -You lose your head enough as it is. -But he shouldn't interfere. 136 00:08:57,808 --> 00:09:01,061 It wasn't just him. Eisenhower was against your going too. 137 00:09:01,144 --> 00:09:03,313 But the King put the pin in it, didn't he? 138 00:09:03,397 --> 00:09:05,691 -[Clementine sighs] -I have the right to go if I so choose. 139 00:09:05,774 --> 00:09:09,319 But he knew I haven't the heart to refuse a royal request. 140 00:09:09,403 --> 00:09:11,446 Well, if it means anything to you, 141 00:09:11,530 --> 00:09:14,449 I'm glad you're not on a cruiser being bombed. 142 00:09:15,117 --> 00:09:17,244 Suppose it all goes wrong. 143 00:09:17,327 --> 00:09:20,414 What if we've miscalculated? What if we never get ashore? 144 00:09:20,497 --> 00:09:24,042 What if we flounder on the beaches for months like Gallipoli? 145 00:09:24,126 --> 00:09:27,504 -I need to be there. -Really, Winston, to do what? 146 00:09:28,297 --> 00:09:29,965 You'll be a spectator. 147 00:09:30,048 --> 00:09:32,426 You're needed here with the people. 148 00:09:32,926 --> 00:09:36,263 Those are their sons and husbands and fathers out there. 149 00:09:36,346 --> 00:09:38,181 Who will speak to them if not you? 150 00:09:38,807 --> 00:09:41,643 [Churchill] You've got an answer for everything. [sighs] 151 00:09:42,811 --> 00:09:46,440 I don't suppose you'll be commandeering a ship to France wearing that. 152 00:09:46,523 --> 00:09:48,525 [humorous music playing] 153 00:09:49,234 --> 00:09:50,611 I could if I wanted to. 154 00:09:50,694 --> 00:09:51,987 [laughs quietly] 155 00:09:55,699 --> 00:09:56,533 Thank you. 156 00:09:59,411 --> 00:10:02,205 I'm off to the Map Room. At least they should know something. 157 00:10:03,665 --> 00:10:06,460 [Douds] You could imagine, you know, General Eisenhower, 158 00:10:06,543 --> 00:10:09,588 "The last thing we want is the Prime Minister of England 159 00:10:09,671 --> 00:10:11,840 at threat watching this whole thing." 160 00:10:11,923 --> 00:10:17,346 There's this incredible correspondence between him and King George VI, 161 00:10:17,429 --> 00:10:20,015 as the King finally has to pull rank, 162 00:10:20,098 --> 00:10:23,143 and Churchill basically has to knuckle under. 163 00:10:26,271 --> 00:10:30,776 [grave music playing] 164 00:10:45,248 --> 00:10:46,917 [intense music plays] 165 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:51,463 [Brinkley] June 6th, 1944, was the most important day of the 20th century. 166 00:10:51,546 --> 00:10:55,384 Democracy was just hanging by a thread. 167 00:10:56,301 --> 00:10:58,970 [man over radio] A fine lad from Catskill bakers… 168 00:10:59,554 --> 00:11:03,016 [Snow] Churchill's got his own personal history with these operations. 169 00:11:03,100 --> 00:11:06,728 If it goes wrong, there's not gonna be a second attempt for a long time. 170 00:11:08,021 --> 00:11:09,022 Anything could happen. 171 00:11:12,693 --> 00:11:18,615 He's worried about, he calls it the flower of British and American youth drowning, 172 00:11:18,699 --> 00:11:21,201 dying in the shallows of the French coast, 173 00:11:21,284 --> 00:11:23,995 the tide awash with the blood of that youth. 174 00:11:25,497 --> 00:11:28,041 [Churchill in reenactment] The battle that has now begun 175 00:11:28,125 --> 00:11:33,755 will grow constantly in scale and in intensity for many weeks to come, 176 00:11:34,381 --> 00:11:38,176 and I shall not attempt to speculate upon its course. 177 00:11:39,386 --> 00:11:42,931 [Churchill] There was intense excitement about the landings in France, 178 00:11:43,014 --> 00:11:46,059 which everyone knew were in progress at the moment. 179 00:11:46,643 --> 00:11:49,896 [shells firing] 180 00:11:49,980 --> 00:11:51,231 [explosions echoing] 181 00:11:56,153 --> 00:11:57,863 [Snow] There are gigantic airstrikes. 182 00:11:57,946 --> 00:12:01,575 There's a huge concentration of naval firepower. 183 00:12:02,159 --> 00:12:03,577 Troops have been trained. 184 00:12:03,660 --> 00:12:07,497 Everything has been done to give D-Day the biggest chance of success. 185 00:12:08,749 --> 00:12:10,250 Because of deception operations, 186 00:12:10,333 --> 00:12:13,587 the Germans don't know where and when it's coming, and they're confused. 187 00:12:14,504 --> 00:12:15,881 [loud boom] 188 00:12:17,424 --> 00:12:19,426 [rapid gunfire] 189 00:12:25,557 --> 00:12:28,685 [Petraeus] The Allies were able to establish that beachhead 190 00:12:28,769 --> 00:12:31,062 before the Nazis fully reacted. 191 00:12:31,146 --> 00:12:33,148 [distant gunfire and explosions] 192 00:12:33,857 --> 00:12:37,319 [Snow] They'd assumed that there would be pretty significant losses on the beaches. 193 00:12:37,402 --> 00:12:41,531 In fact, despite very fierce fighting, particularly on Omaha Beach, 194 00:12:41,615 --> 00:12:44,451 one of the American beaches, the landings go pretty well. 195 00:12:46,119 --> 00:12:50,874 [Douds] The Allies will build up forces there, and ultimately they will break out. 196 00:12:53,210 --> 00:12:54,377 [distant explosion] 197 00:12:54,461 --> 00:12:55,796 [gunfire continues] 198 00:12:55,879 --> 00:12:59,549 D-Day is an astonishing success. 199 00:12:59,633 --> 00:13:02,302 [quiet, somber music playing] 200 00:13:03,887 --> 00:13:09,017 [Packwood] We now take D-Day and the success of D-Day for granted. 201 00:13:10,560 --> 00:13:13,980 And a setback in Normandy in 1944 202 00:13:14,064 --> 00:13:16,358 could have considerably prolonged the war 203 00:13:16,441 --> 00:13:18,193 and might well have spelled the end 204 00:13:18,276 --> 00:13:20,612 for both Churchill and Roosevelt's administrations. 205 00:13:24,241 --> 00:13:26,117 [Douds] Shortly after the invasion of Normandy, 206 00:13:26,201 --> 00:13:28,119 Winston Churchill will go to see himself. 207 00:13:28,995 --> 00:13:32,958 [Petraeus] Churchill wants to be near the action, of course, as he always does. 208 00:13:33,041 --> 00:13:34,751 He just couldn't stay away from this. 209 00:13:34,835 --> 00:13:36,336 [people cheering] 210 00:13:36,419 --> 00:13:39,464 [Douds] He goes to congratulate all the folks that conducted the landing, 211 00:13:39,548 --> 00:13:43,593 including General Montgomery, the principal British commander. 212 00:13:43,677 --> 00:13:46,137 [Petraeus] Montgomery is not a man without ego, 213 00:13:46,221 --> 00:13:49,391 and I don't think Churchill spent enormous amounts of time 214 00:13:49,474 --> 00:13:51,935 worrying about the egos of those below him. 215 00:13:53,103 --> 00:13:56,231 [Douds] So here's a great story where Churchill offers Montgomery a drink, 216 00:13:56,314 --> 00:13:58,191 and Montgomery's a teetotaler and he says, 217 00:13:58,275 --> 00:14:00,986 "I don't drink and I don't smoke. I'm 100% fit." 218 00:14:01,695 --> 00:14:03,321 Winston Churchill, not to be outdone, says, 219 00:14:03,405 --> 00:14:06,241 "I both drink and smoke. I'm 200% fit." 220 00:14:06,324 --> 00:14:08,034 And so we have this little exchange 221 00:14:08,118 --> 00:14:11,079 of the combative and competitive nature of Winston Churchill. 222 00:14:13,248 --> 00:14:15,792 [gunfire, explosion] 223 00:14:17,836 --> 00:14:20,046 [people clamoring and cheering] 224 00:14:24,092 --> 00:14:26,469 [crowds cheering] 225 00:14:26,553 --> 00:14:28,138 [man on radio] Paris is free. 226 00:14:28,221 --> 00:14:31,641 The people of Paris rose to meet their liberators. 227 00:14:32,225 --> 00:14:36,187 [Snow] Quite rapidly, far more Americans are fighting in Western Europe than Brits. 228 00:14:36,271 --> 00:14:39,941 As a result, Churchill feels himself being pushed off the top table a bit. 229 00:14:40,984 --> 00:14:43,945 [Churchill] The only times I ever quarrel with the Americans 230 00:14:44,571 --> 00:14:49,618 are when they fail to give us a fair share of opportunity to win glory. 231 00:14:50,118 --> 00:14:52,996 It has always been my wish to keep equal, 232 00:14:53,663 --> 00:14:56,875 but how can you do that against so mighty a nation 233 00:14:56,958 --> 00:15:00,128 and a population nearly three times your own? 234 00:15:01,963 --> 00:15:05,383 The "who's in charge" part really belongs to the strongest entity. 235 00:15:06,301 --> 00:15:09,262 And Dwight Eisenhower was the general 236 00:15:09,346 --> 00:15:12,307 in charge of eventually liberating Europe from Hitler. 237 00:15:12,390 --> 00:15:16,227 Probably because, you know, we were the biggest dog in the pound. 238 00:15:19,356 --> 00:15:20,690 [soldiers speaking indistinctly] 239 00:15:20,774 --> 00:15:25,111 [Roberts] As the Allies started to liberate the continent in 1944, 240 00:15:26,488 --> 00:15:29,115 Winston Churchill found out about Auschwitz. 241 00:15:29,199 --> 00:15:31,868 [solemn music playing] 242 00:15:34,204 --> 00:15:36,122 It was via the Foreign Office 243 00:15:36,206 --> 00:15:42,837 and some Polish escapees who brought the news to the West. 244 00:15:45,131 --> 00:15:47,968 [Churchill] Prime Minister to Foreign Secretary. 245 00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:52,263 There is no doubt that this is probably the greatest 246 00:15:52,347 --> 00:15:54,975 and most horrible crime ever committed 247 00:15:55,058 --> 00:15:57,477 in the whole history of the world. 248 00:15:58,812 --> 00:16:02,232 And it has been done by scientific machinery. 249 00:16:03,650 --> 00:16:05,110 [disturbing music playing] 250 00:16:05,902 --> 00:16:08,279 Declarations should be made in public 251 00:16:08,863 --> 00:16:14,869 so that everyone connected with it will be hunted down and put to death. 252 00:16:17,956 --> 00:16:21,751 Many people have criticized Churchill for not doing more 253 00:16:21,835 --> 00:16:23,420 when it became pretty clear 254 00:16:23,503 --> 00:16:26,715 that these concentration camps were not just places of degradation, 255 00:16:26,798 --> 00:16:29,175 places of humiliation, and slave labor, 256 00:16:29,259 --> 00:16:31,761 but were places of execution, of industrial murder. 257 00:16:32,554 --> 00:16:35,432 And word was getting out through the early 1940s. 258 00:16:36,016 --> 00:16:37,892 The trouble was what to do about it. 259 00:16:38,852 --> 00:16:42,230 [Douds] Many people have submitted that, "Well, you should bomb concentration camps 260 00:16:42,313 --> 00:16:43,565 to try and free them." 261 00:16:46,151 --> 00:16:49,404 [Justin Reash] And Churchill tells Anthony Eden, his foreign secretary, 262 00:16:49,487 --> 00:16:53,700 quote, "Get anything out of the Air Force you can, and invoke me if necessary." 263 00:16:53,783 --> 00:16:55,118 So this was high on his mind. 264 00:16:55,994 --> 00:16:59,497 [Snow] But there was a question around accuracy. Can you bomb gas chambers? 265 00:16:59,581 --> 00:17:01,499 Would they just end up bombing the barracks blocks 266 00:17:01,583 --> 00:17:03,376 and killing the Jewish inmates anyway? 267 00:17:04,669 --> 00:17:07,422 The way to end this Holocaust 268 00:17:07,505 --> 00:17:10,008 was to just bring the war to an end as soon as possible. 269 00:17:10,592 --> 00:17:11,926 That was the argument. 270 00:17:12,635 --> 00:17:16,806 It's one of those difficult moral decisions they make during the war, 271 00:17:16,890 --> 00:17:19,476 and certainly one that can be questioned even now. 272 00:17:19,559 --> 00:17:21,561 [dramatic music playing] 273 00:17:23,772 --> 00:17:25,940 [Snow] We talk a lot about D-Day in 1944. 274 00:17:26,024 --> 00:17:28,485 What people don't remember is the Soviet Union launched, 275 00:17:28,568 --> 00:17:31,404 by some measures, the largest attack in the history of warfare 276 00:17:31,488 --> 00:17:33,573 on the Eastern Front at the same time. 277 00:17:33,656 --> 00:17:34,908 [rapid gunfire] 278 00:17:37,202 --> 00:17:38,369 In the space of one month, 279 00:17:38,453 --> 00:17:41,706 they inflict half a million casualties on the German army. 280 00:17:44,959 --> 00:17:47,837 So that's coming in from the east as the Allies are landing from the west. 281 00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:52,133 The Soviet Union is making massive progress in the east. 282 00:17:52,717 --> 00:17:58,848 Eastern Europe, Poland, the Balkans, might all fall under Soviet control. 283 00:17:58,932 --> 00:18:02,477 So who gets to Berlin, how much territory they take along the way, 284 00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:04,062 will shape the post-war world. 285 00:18:05,688 --> 00:18:09,859 [Churchill] I deem it highly important we should shake hands with the Russians 286 00:18:09,943 --> 00:18:12,570 as far to the east as possible. 287 00:18:13,279 --> 00:18:15,323 I cannot think of any moment 288 00:18:15,406 --> 00:18:19,244 when the burden of the war has laid more heavily upon me. 289 00:18:21,621 --> 00:18:24,457 Churchill never wanted to be the prime minister who oversaw 290 00:18:24,541 --> 00:18:26,459 the dismantling of the British Empire, 291 00:18:26,543 --> 00:18:30,755 but he had essentially had to mortgage the empire to survive 292 00:18:30,839 --> 00:18:33,174 when Britain was fighting alone against the Nazis, 293 00:18:33,258 --> 00:18:35,760 waiting for the rest of the world to come. 294 00:18:35,844 --> 00:18:37,470 Britain is becoming secondary. 295 00:18:37,554 --> 00:18:41,224 What was once the most powerful empire in the world 296 00:18:41,307 --> 00:18:43,434 is becoming an island to some extent. 297 00:18:44,269 --> 00:18:45,687 Is this going to be a new world 298 00:18:45,770 --> 00:18:48,523 where it's Soviet Union versus the United States, 299 00:18:48,606 --> 00:18:49,983 and we are just bit players? 300 00:18:50,066 --> 00:18:53,778 It's a really hard thing for this Victorian imperialist 301 00:18:53,862 --> 00:18:54,988 to come to terms with. 302 00:18:55,738 --> 00:18:58,741 The relationship between Churchill and Roosevelt 303 00:18:58,825 --> 00:19:02,203 started to fray in the fall of 1944. 304 00:19:03,246 --> 00:19:07,500 [Snow] Churchill feels decisions are now being made between the two superpowers, 305 00:19:07,584 --> 00:19:09,127 Stalin and Roosevelt. 306 00:19:09,210 --> 00:19:11,296 Churchill's like, "Hey, don't forget about me." 307 00:19:11,379 --> 00:19:14,507 And so the rest of the war becomes a constant effort on his part 308 00:19:14,591 --> 00:19:17,844 to try and push Britain's point of view and his own point of view 309 00:19:17,927 --> 00:19:20,013 about what the post-war world should look like. 310 00:19:20,597 --> 00:19:24,475 [solemn music playing] 311 00:19:27,437 --> 00:19:31,774 [Katz] In fall of '44, Churchill goes to Moscow for his own meeting with Stalin. 312 00:19:32,442 --> 00:19:34,068 This idea of spheres of influence 313 00:19:34,152 --> 00:19:36,821 is something that has settled on Churchill's mind. 314 00:19:36,905 --> 00:19:40,408 Where is a clearly defined British sphere of influence, 315 00:19:40,491 --> 00:19:43,203 and where is the Soviet sphere of influence? 316 00:19:43,286 --> 00:19:46,706 [Churchill] I am the leader of a strong, unbeaten nation. 317 00:19:47,415 --> 00:19:50,043 Yet every morning when I wake, 318 00:19:50,126 --> 00:19:53,755 my first thought is how I can please President Roosevelt, 319 00:19:54,464 --> 00:19:58,760 and my second thought is how I can conciliate Marshal Stalin. 320 00:20:00,762 --> 00:20:03,056 [Katz] Churchill carries out this without Roosevelt 321 00:20:03,139 --> 00:20:06,809 or any American representation officially in this negotiation. 322 00:20:07,352 --> 00:20:11,439 He believed that history was made by great men, 323 00:20:11,522 --> 00:20:16,152 and in his view they'd largely be men sitting down around a table 324 00:20:16,236 --> 00:20:17,946 and drawing up lines. 325 00:20:20,740 --> 00:20:25,370 I think these percentages are fair and reasonable. 326 00:20:25,453 --> 00:20:26,329 Do you agree? 327 00:20:31,167 --> 00:20:33,294 [in Russian] This is satisfactory. 328 00:20:34,379 --> 00:20:35,588 Thank you, Joseph. 329 00:20:36,506 --> 00:20:40,551 [Katz] Churchill calls this scribble with the percentages "the naughty document." 330 00:20:40,635 --> 00:20:44,764 [Brinkley] You know, "Britain is going to control this, and you could control that." 331 00:20:45,265 --> 00:20:48,476 It was a way for Churchill to show 332 00:20:48,559 --> 00:20:52,563 that he wasn't going to become a weak post-war player 333 00:20:52,647 --> 00:20:55,191 that was subservient to the United States 334 00:20:55,275 --> 00:21:00,738 or gave up aspirations of keeping the British Empire strong. 335 00:21:00,822 --> 00:21:03,783 Perhaps we should burn this. 336 00:21:03,866 --> 00:21:10,039 We are, after all, deciding the fates of millions of people. 337 00:21:12,208 --> 00:21:14,127 [in Russian] No. You keep it. 338 00:21:16,379 --> 00:21:18,381 [Packwood] I think it's called "the naughty document" 339 00:21:18,464 --> 00:21:21,426 because Churchill knew that he shouldn't really be doing this. 340 00:21:22,302 --> 00:21:24,053 [Roberts] It seemed immensely cynical, 341 00:21:24,137 --> 00:21:28,808 and places like Romania and Bulgaria would get 80% Russian domination. 342 00:21:29,392 --> 00:21:31,436 [Johnson] Greece he felt that he'd saved. 343 00:21:32,228 --> 00:21:35,356 "This brand I plucked from the burning," he says, about Greece. 344 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:37,692 He sees as if he pulls that log from the fire. 345 00:21:38,693 --> 00:21:41,362 But there was a lot of stuff that clearly, 346 00:21:41,446 --> 00:21:46,617 the Balkans, other parts of Eastern Europe, he ultimately had to accept. 347 00:21:48,745 --> 00:21:51,039 [Katz] He's recognizing that the best he can do 348 00:21:51,122 --> 00:21:54,584 is secure British interests to the greatest extent he can. 349 00:21:55,376 --> 00:21:58,713 [Churchill] I have had very nice talks with the Old Bear. 350 00:21:58,796 --> 00:22:03,551 I like him the more I see him. I'm sure they wish to work with us. 351 00:22:04,177 --> 00:22:07,430 I have to keep the President in constant touch, 352 00:22:07,513 --> 00:22:09,640 and this is the delicate side. 353 00:22:11,476 --> 00:22:13,436 [booming] 354 00:22:13,978 --> 00:22:16,939 [distant explosions] 355 00:22:17,523 --> 00:22:20,360 [Ruane] The Germans are now on retreat in the west. 356 00:22:23,112 --> 00:22:26,699 The Red Army is bearing down from the east. 357 00:22:27,283 --> 00:22:31,996 There's a sense that maybe the end is in sight. 358 00:22:35,208 --> 00:22:39,796 By the end of 1944, the three allies realize that they really have to discuss, 359 00:22:39,879 --> 00:22:42,757 together in person, the end of the war. 360 00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:45,635 Stalin absolutely refuses to leave his own borders. 361 00:22:45,718 --> 00:22:48,805 He is terrified of flying, terrified of leaving his security behind, 362 00:22:48,888 --> 00:22:52,892 and so he will only meet within the borders of the Soviet Union. 363 00:22:52,975 --> 00:22:54,936 Churchill and Roosevelt agree, 364 00:22:55,019 --> 00:22:57,647 they will go to the Soviet Union to meet with him. 365 00:22:58,815 --> 00:23:01,025 The Soviet Union is pretty devastated 366 00:23:01,109 --> 00:23:03,820 after considerable fighting on the Eastern Front, 367 00:23:03,903 --> 00:23:09,117 and so one of the very few locations that they can find is Yalta on the Black Sea. 368 00:23:09,992 --> 00:23:13,246 It's very much an emblem of the Soviet Union itself, 369 00:23:13,329 --> 00:23:16,290 where on the surface everything looks fine, but if you look too closely, 370 00:23:16,374 --> 00:23:20,044 you can see it's quite different from what you see on the outside, 371 00:23:20,128 --> 00:23:22,046 and it really is a disaster. 372 00:23:22,130 --> 00:23:25,299 The palace has been overrun by bedbugs. 373 00:23:25,383 --> 00:23:27,802 Bedbugs have gotten into Winston Churchill's bed, 374 00:23:27,885 --> 00:23:30,096 and they bite his feet during the night, 375 00:23:30,179 --> 00:23:33,558 and Churchill says that if they had spent ten years looking for a place, 376 00:23:33,641 --> 00:23:35,601 they couldn't have found a worse one than Yalta, 377 00:23:35,685 --> 00:23:39,188 and he even later refers to it as "the Riviera of Hades." 378 00:23:40,189 --> 00:23:43,317 [Churchill] We are now entering a world of imponderables, 379 00:23:43,401 --> 00:23:47,822 and at every stage, occasions for self-questioning arise. 380 00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:54,454 [Meacham] Shadows are lengthening at Yalta. 381 00:23:55,830 --> 00:24:01,043 Churchill later talked about believing that Roosevelt was fading. 382 00:24:02,044 --> 00:24:06,549 [Peri] FDR has managed to win a fourth unprecedented term 383 00:24:07,758 --> 00:24:10,720 in the 1944 elections, but he is unwell. 384 00:24:11,554 --> 00:24:14,307 He's in congestive heart failure at this point. 385 00:24:14,390 --> 00:24:16,601 [melancholy music playing] 386 00:24:16,684 --> 00:24:18,728 [Meacham] Churchill wrote at one point, 387 00:24:18,811 --> 00:24:22,648 that "our friendship is the rock upon which I build the hopes of the world." 388 00:24:23,357 --> 00:24:27,945 I think that there was a sense of finality to it, 389 00:24:28,029 --> 00:24:32,909 a sense that this long drama was coming to an end. 390 00:24:35,703 --> 00:24:40,166 [Katz] Roosevelt wants to, understandably, save as many American lives as possible 391 00:24:40,249 --> 00:24:43,002 by bringing the Soviet Union into the fight against Japan. 392 00:24:43,085 --> 00:24:46,380 He doesn't yet know if the atomic bomb will be an option. 393 00:24:46,464 --> 00:24:48,966 They are still working on that and have yet to test it. 394 00:24:49,842 --> 00:24:54,764 Also incredibly important to Roosevelt is the creation of the United Nations. 395 00:24:55,681 --> 00:25:01,020 [Peri] FDR so wants this to work that, maybe, he deluded himself into thinking 396 00:25:01,103 --> 00:25:05,942 that Stalin would keep his promises, because he wanted it so badly. 397 00:25:06,609 --> 00:25:09,529 [Snow] Churchill believed that he alone had the necessary genius 398 00:25:09,612 --> 00:25:11,531 to kind of thrash out the post-war world. 399 00:25:11,614 --> 00:25:14,408 He thought FDR was worryingly naive and worryingly liberal. 400 00:25:14,492 --> 00:25:17,078 He knew that FDR did not like the British Empire, 401 00:25:17,161 --> 00:25:21,123 so Churchill could not risk having FDR be the architect of the post-war world. 402 00:25:21,958 --> 00:25:25,878 [Johnson] Churchill wants Roosevelt to be tougher with Stalin, 403 00:25:25,962 --> 00:25:28,631 but he can't… he can't swing it. 404 00:25:31,259 --> 00:25:34,262 [Douds] The Soviet Union decides that they will join the UN. 405 00:25:34,804 --> 00:25:37,598 The Soviet Union decides that they will go to war with Japan 406 00:25:37,682 --> 00:25:39,058 after the war in Europe ends. 407 00:25:40,518 --> 00:25:43,563 [Roberts] And they come away with a promise from Stalin 408 00:25:43,646 --> 00:25:46,566 for the freedom and independence of Poland. 409 00:25:47,858 --> 00:25:51,195 The fact was, though, that Stalin was lying through his teeth. 410 00:25:52,238 --> 00:25:57,285 [Snow] Britain had gone to war in 1939 to protect Poland from foreign occupation. 411 00:25:58,452 --> 00:26:01,539 That was why Britain was in this terrible war. 412 00:26:02,123 --> 00:26:05,459 So you come out at the end of the war, and Stalin's basically occupied Poland? 413 00:26:06,252 --> 00:26:08,212 That's a nightmare for Churchill. 414 00:26:09,755 --> 00:26:12,967 [Churchill] The misery of the whole world appalls me, 415 00:26:13,050 --> 00:26:16,554 and I fear increasingly that new struggles may arise 416 00:26:16,637 --> 00:26:19,557 out of those we are successively ending. 417 00:26:24,770 --> 00:26:31,402 [Peri] Winston Churchill wrote FDR over a thousand letters and telegrams, 418 00:26:31,485 --> 00:26:35,531 and, ultimately, Franklin Roosevelt wrote, maybe, almost 800. 419 00:26:36,324 --> 00:26:39,243 Churchill is definitely the suitor in the relationship. 420 00:26:39,327 --> 00:26:44,332 [Churchill] Mr. President, peace with Germany and Japan on our terms 421 00:26:44,415 --> 00:26:46,834 will not bring much rest to you and me. 422 00:26:47,418 --> 00:26:51,672 There will be a torn, ragged, and hungry world to help to its feet. 423 00:26:52,506 --> 00:26:55,551 And what will Uncle Joe or his successor say 424 00:26:55,635 --> 00:26:57,803 to the way we should both like to do it? 425 00:26:59,347 --> 00:27:02,725 [Meacham] There's a pulling apart, a cooling. 426 00:27:04,018 --> 00:27:08,439 They're more like an old married couple that know each other's foibles, 427 00:27:08,522 --> 00:27:11,025 but can't imagine life without each other. 428 00:27:17,239 --> 00:27:20,326 [gunfire] 429 00:27:21,327 --> 00:27:22,620 [explosion] 430 00:27:29,794 --> 00:27:31,921 [man on radio] To the whole free world, 431 00:27:32,004 --> 00:27:35,466 the stunning news has come that Franklin Roosevelt is dead. 432 00:27:38,219 --> 00:27:43,099 [Churchill] When I received these tidings early in the morning of Friday the 13th, 433 00:27:43,724 --> 00:27:47,228 I felt as if I'd been struck a physical blow. 434 00:27:48,521 --> 00:27:51,607 [Meacham] When the news came that FDR had died, 435 00:27:52,525 --> 00:27:56,487 Churchill gave a remarkable eulogy in the House of Commons, 436 00:27:56,570 --> 00:28:01,283 understanding that the friendship had been imperfect, 437 00:28:01,951 --> 00:28:04,620 that it had been personal as well as political. 438 00:28:05,913 --> 00:28:09,333 [Churchill] My relations with this shining personality 439 00:28:09,417 --> 00:28:14,755 had played so large a part in the long, terrible years we had worked together. 440 00:28:15,506 --> 00:28:17,883 Now they had come to an end, 441 00:28:18,592 --> 00:28:23,431 and I was overpowered by a sense of deep and irreparable loss. 442 00:28:23,514 --> 00:28:24,932 [emotional music playing] 443 00:28:25,015 --> 00:28:26,475 Churchill once said that, 444 00:28:26,559 --> 00:28:30,271 "To me, Franklin Roosevelt was like opening a bottle of champagne." 445 00:28:31,105 --> 00:28:33,357 And Roosevelt wrote to Churchill, 446 00:28:33,441 --> 00:28:35,568 "It's fun to be in the same decade with you." 447 00:28:37,278 --> 00:28:40,698 And I think we were lucky that they were where they were when the crisis came. 448 00:28:43,409 --> 00:28:45,703 [rousing music playing] 449 00:28:45,786 --> 00:28:48,706 [Churchill] Hitler had made his final and supreme decision 450 00:28:48,789 --> 00:28:51,041 to stay in Berlin to the end. 451 00:28:52,209 --> 00:28:56,130 The capital was soon completely encircled by the Russians, 452 00:28:56,213 --> 00:28:59,800 and the Führer had lost all power to control events. 453 00:29:02,052 --> 00:29:06,766 It remained for him to organize his own death amid the ruins of the city. 454 00:29:09,685 --> 00:29:11,687 He shot himself through the mouth. 455 00:29:13,230 --> 00:29:17,109 I must say, I think he was perfectly right to die like that. 456 00:29:19,570 --> 00:29:23,491 [Churchill in reenactment] I have no special statement to make 457 00:29:23,574 --> 00:29:25,910 about the war position in Europe, 458 00:29:26,869 --> 00:29:31,999 except that it is definitely more satisfactory 459 00:29:32,082 --> 00:29:35,169 than it was this time five years ago. 460 00:29:35,252 --> 00:29:37,254 [men cheering and applauding] 461 00:29:50,601 --> 00:29:54,271 Yesterday morning at 2:41 a.m., 462 00:29:55,439 --> 00:29:58,067 the representative of the German High Command 463 00:29:58,901 --> 00:30:02,446 signed the act of unconditional surrender. 464 00:30:03,697 --> 00:30:06,242 The German war is therefore at an end. 465 00:30:06,325 --> 00:30:07,660 [hopeful music playing] 466 00:30:07,743 --> 00:30:10,412 Long live the cause of freedom. 467 00:30:10,496 --> 00:30:11,747 God save the King. 468 00:30:12,581 --> 00:30:19,338 [hopeful music swells] 469 00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:44,071 In the hour of overwhelming victory, I was only too well aware 470 00:30:44,154 --> 00:30:47,992 of the difficulties and perils that lay ahead. 471 00:30:52,037 --> 00:30:53,330 But here at least, 472 00:30:53,414 --> 00:30:56,417 there could be a brief moment for rejoicing. 473 00:30:56,500 --> 00:30:59,712 [crowd cheering] 474 00:31:00,462 --> 00:31:03,132 [Soames] On the night of VE Day, 475 00:31:03,215 --> 00:31:06,635 he was on his own in No. 10 Downing Street, 476 00:31:07,678 --> 00:31:11,682 because Clementine was in Russia doing a sort of state visit. 477 00:31:12,558 --> 00:31:13,976 And he had dinner, 478 00:31:14,059 --> 00:31:18,314 and then he went into the garden and walked with Smoky, the cat. 479 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:22,985 I think it's extraordinary that he was on his own that night 480 00:31:23,068 --> 00:31:25,321 when all his work came to fruition. 481 00:31:29,658 --> 00:31:31,118 [yelling] 482 00:31:31,201 --> 00:31:34,872 [Churchill] If the Russians are ever convinced we are afraid of them 483 00:31:34,955 --> 00:31:39,752 and can be bullied into submission, then indeed I should despair 484 00:31:39,835 --> 00:31:42,796 of our future relations with them. 485 00:31:42,880 --> 00:31:46,342 It's clear that the understanding 486 00:31:46,425 --> 00:31:50,346 of the UK and the US of the post-war order is going to be different. 487 00:31:50,429 --> 00:31:54,058 The Americans, they still haven't won against Japan. 488 00:31:54,141 --> 00:31:56,977 They've got huge objectives there. 489 00:31:57,686 --> 00:32:00,189 They don't share Churchill's horror 490 00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:05,277 of Communist rule in Eastern Europe. 491 00:32:05,861 --> 00:32:07,071 [man shouting indistinctly] 492 00:32:07,821 --> 00:32:11,325 [Roberts] Churchill was so fearful that Stalin might not stop 493 00:32:11,408 --> 00:32:14,995 at the demarcation lines that had been agreed with the Russians 494 00:32:15,079 --> 00:32:16,997 and might actually just push on, 495 00:32:17,081 --> 00:32:20,084 because there were so many troops in the Red Army. 496 00:32:22,419 --> 00:32:24,338 [Snow] He's appalled at Stalin. 497 00:32:24,421 --> 00:32:26,674 He sees a dystopian post-war world 498 00:32:26,757 --> 00:32:29,551 where perhaps he thinks the war could go on, 499 00:32:29,635 --> 00:32:30,719 and there could be war 500 00:32:30,803 --> 00:32:33,138 between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union. 501 00:32:34,181 --> 00:32:38,060 I want a plan in place to enforce the Yalta Agreement, 502 00:32:38,143 --> 00:32:41,063 to give Poland a fair chance at self-government. 503 00:32:41,146 --> 00:32:44,733 We can't take on the Russians alone. They outnumber us. 504 00:32:44,817 --> 00:32:48,445 Before America leaves, we must take the initiative. 505 00:32:49,071 --> 00:32:50,781 You mean, attack the Soviets? 506 00:32:51,865 --> 00:32:55,369 -Well, that's unthinkable. -Except that I have thought it. 507 00:32:56,036 --> 00:32:58,580 I want a plan for all contingencies. 508 00:33:00,916 --> 00:33:03,252 Before it is too late. 509 00:33:03,877 --> 00:33:07,715 Churchill is offered this crazy plan called Operation Unthinkable, 510 00:33:08,424 --> 00:33:11,593 where the Wehrmacht, the German army, 511 00:33:11,677 --> 00:33:14,930 could be reissued with their weapons, having been defeated, 512 00:33:15,014 --> 00:33:18,267 and turned round to attack the Soviet armies. 513 00:33:18,350 --> 00:33:23,480 A completely bonkers plan, which is not proceeded with. 514 00:33:23,564 --> 00:33:27,860 But that shows where he was, mentally, emotionally. 515 00:33:27,943 --> 00:33:30,029 [suspenseful music playing] 516 00:33:30,112 --> 00:33:33,365 [Churchill] We have yet to make sure that the honorable purposes 517 00:33:33,449 --> 00:33:36,910 for which we entered the war are not brushed aside, 518 00:33:37,619 --> 00:33:41,623 and that the words "freedom," "democracy," and "liberation" 519 00:33:41,707 --> 00:33:44,877 are not distorted from their true meaning. 520 00:33:46,628 --> 00:33:50,883 There would be little use in punishing the Hitlerites for their crimes 521 00:33:50,966 --> 00:33:56,889 if totalitarian or police governments were to take the place of the German invaders. 522 00:34:00,434 --> 00:34:02,144 [Roberts] As the war wound down, 523 00:34:02,227 --> 00:34:05,064 Churchill was full of thoughts and ideas 524 00:34:05,147 --> 00:34:07,775 about what the post-war world is going to look like. 525 00:34:08,901 --> 00:34:11,111 But he has to fight a general election. 526 00:34:11,195 --> 00:34:13,906 [Snow] Churchill's coalition partners, the Labour Party, say, 527 00:34:13,989 --> 00:34:16,867 "We're no longer prepared to be in a coalition government with you." 528 00:34:16,950 --> 00:34:18,452 "You know what? We want power." 529 00:34:18,535 --> 00:34:21,663 "The war's won, well done to you, you've played a pivotal part, 530 00:34:21,747 --> 00:34:24,583 but we've got a vision for the future, and you're not part of it." 531 00:34:25,459 --> 00:34:28,003 [Churchill] If you thought that you had had enough of me 532 00:34:28,087 --> 00:34:30,506 and that I ought to be put out to grass, 533 00:34:30,589 --> 00:34:34,510 I tell you, I would take it with the best of grace. 534 00:34:35,260 --> 00:34:37,429 But I must warn you, 535 00:34:37,513 --> 00:34:42,518 you must be prepared for further sacrifices to great causes. 536 00:34:42,601 --> 00:34:44,603 [birds chirping] 537 00:34:47,940 --> 00:34:49,399 Why aren't you painting? 538 00:34:50,984 --> 00:34:53,320 Surely you deserve some relaxation. 539 00:34:53,403 --> 00:34:54,822 Oh, I am relaxing. 540 00:34:55,906 --> 00:34:59,785 Only when I do, these thoughts keep interrupting. 541 00:35:00,577 --> 00:35:01,703 You've won the war. 542 00:35:02,579 --> 00:35:03,455 Yes. 543 00:35:04,998 --> 00:35:07,251 But now that it's all over in Europe, 544 00:35:08,293 --> 00:35:13,173 it is my duty to call a general election, one that I might not win. 545 00:35:14,133 --> 00:35:16,176 You saw how the people adore you. 546 00:35:17,261 --> 00:35:19,680 Shouldn't you simply ride on the coattails of victory? 547 00:35:19,763 --> 00:35:21,014 Yes, I should. 548 00:35:21,098 --> 00:35:25,060 Well, in that case… paint. 549 00:35:25,144 --> 00:35:27,312 [whimsical music playing] 550 00:35:33,652 --> 00:35:35,279 [people cheering] 551 00:35:37,364 --> 00:35:41,034 [Katz] The election of 1945 is an election that's been put off 552 00:35:41,118 --> 00:35:43,745 with the necessities of war, 553 00:35:43,829 --> 00:35:46,331 and it'll take some time to conduct this election 554 00:35:46,415 --> 00:35:49,501 with so many servicemen scattered around the globe. 555 00:35:54,506 --> 00:35:58,135 It is no time to mince about, to mince measures 556 00:35:58,218 --> 00:36:01,430 and fool around with weak governments. 557 00:36:02,264 --> 00:36:05,434 [Snow] The Labour Party had one of the best slogans of all time. 558 00:36:05,517 --> 00:36:09,605 They said simply, "Cheer Churchill, vote Labour." 559 00:36:10,314 --> 00:36:12,858 Celebrate Churchill, celebrate the victory, 560 00:36:12,941 --> 00:36:15,444 the deliverance, the salvation of this country, 561 00:36:15,527 --> 00:36:17,946 but we're the ones who are going to take it forward. 562 00:36:18,030 --> 00:36:20,490 [Packwood] He could have stayed above the political fray. 563 00:36:20,574 --> 00:36:24,953 He could have presented himself as a candidate of national unity 564 00:36:25,037 --> 00:36:27,289 who led a coalition government. 565 00:36:27,372 --> 00:36:30,834 Instead, he launches into a full-blown, 566 00:36:30,918 --> 00:36:33,795 vitriolic campaign against the Labour Party. 567 00:36:33,879 --> 00:36:34,922 [Churchill] Foreign policy… 568 00:36:35,005 --> 00:36:37,925 [Snow] He says some stupid things. He's electioneering. 569 00:36:38,008 --> 00:36:41,678 He says the Labour Party will bring in a kind of Gestapo, a secret police. 570 00:36:41,762 --> 00:36:43,347 Suddenly we're back in the gutter, right? 571 00:36:43,430 --> 00:36:44,932 We're back in partisan politics, 572 00:36:45,015 --> 00:36:47,226 and the British public don't like what they see. 573 00:36:47,309 --> 00:36:49,436 [booing] 574 00:36:53,941 --> 00:36:56,443 [man on radio] After polling day, Mr. Churchill went away 575 00:36:56,526 --> 00:36:58,445 to paint in the south of France. 576 00:36:58,528 --> 00:37:00,405 He had fought a strenuous campaign, 577 00:37:00,489 --> 00:37:02,324 and he took a well-deserved holiday 578 00:37:02,407 --> 00:37:05,953 before meeting President Truman and Marshal Stalin at the conference. 579 00:37:07,371 --> 00:37:10,624 [Katz] While the ballots are still coming in from all the corners of the globe, 580 00:37:10,707 --> 00:37:15,295 Churchill goes to Potsdam for the final conference of the Second World War. 581 00:37:17,464 --> 00:37:21,385 That Potsdam conference is due to open formally on the 17th of July. 582 00:37:21,468 --> 00:37:24,763 On the 16th of July, out in the wilds of New Mexico, 583 00:37:24,846 --> 00:37:27,641 the world enters the nuclear age 584 00:37:27,724 --> 00:37:32,271 when the United States successfully tests a plutonium device, 585 00:37:32,354 --> 00:37:38,318 which turns out to have superlative power and destructive potential. 586 00:37:38,402 --> 00:37:40,279 [troubled music playing] 587 00:37:41,571 --> 00:37:45,158 President Truman is at Potsdam, awaiting the start of the conference. 588 00:37:45,242 --> 00:37:48,120 Now, that news is relayed to President Truman, 589 00:37:48,203 --> 00:37:50,247 who's only been in the job a few months. 590 00:37:53,208 --> 00:37:57,004 [Snow] Churchill said to Truman, "Let me know if it's a flop or a plop." 591 00:37:57,629 --> 00:38:00,799 And Truman just sends a message back, "Plop." 592 00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:13,103 Churchill recognized that this was going to be a war-changing moment. 593 00:38:14,396 --> 00:38:18,191 [Douds] The war in the Pacific continues, and now everybody starts to recognize 594 00:38:18,275 --> 00:38:21,903 the invasion of mainland Japan will be incredibly costly. 595 00:38:21,987 --> 00:38:23,947 [distant explosion] 596 00:38:24,031 --> 00:38:26,867 Even Churchill believes it will be a million and a half casualties, 597 00:38:26,950 --> 00:38:29,828 a million United States, and half a million from the Commonwealth. 598 00:38:33,123 --> 00:38:35,751 The Manhattan Project has come to fruition. 599 00:38:35,834 --> 00:38:38,879 There are all kinds of moral choices now having to be made, 600 00:38:38,962 --> 00:38:40,797 and now we have an atomic bomb. 601 00:38:41,590 --> 00:38:46,053 [Snow] Part of the nuclear deal is that before any nuclear weapon is deployed, 602 00:38:46,136 --> 00:38:48,847 Churchill will have to give permission as well. 603 00:38:49,681 --> 00:38:55,979 Churchill later says his agreement was unanimous, unqualified, and automatic. 604 00:38:56,063 --> 00:38:59,566 He absolutely believed that nuclear weapon should be used to shorten the war 605 00:38:59,649 --> 00:39:02,778 and prevent a terribly costly invasion of the Japanese homeland. 606 00:39:03,487 --> 00:39:06,615 [Ruane] And I think it's important for Churchill, for lots of reasons, 607 00:39:06,698 --> 00:39:08,867 to actually plant that flag. 608 00:39:08,950 --> 00:39:12,371 This is a bomb fueled by the very energy 609 00:39:12,454 --> 00:39:15,374 that makes the stars of the night sky pulse. 610 00:39:16,083 --> 00:39:17,376 He wants to be part of this. 611 00:39:17,459 --> 00:39:22,422 This can't be an American thing, and that's why he's happy to consent. 612 00:39:27,052 --> 00:39:29,721 [Katz] Churchill has to leave Potsdam halfway through 613 00:39:29,805 --> 00:39:32,015 as the final tally is now ready, 614 00:39:32,099 --> 00:39:35,435 and so he flies home to receive the results of the election. 615 00:39:36,061 --> 00:39:40,690 [Churchill] I awoke suddenly with a sharp stab of almost physical pain. 616 00:39:40,774 --> 00:39:44,486 A hitherto subconscious conviction that we were beaten 617 00:39:44,569 --> 00:39:46,947 broke forth and dominated my mind. 618 00:39:47,823 --> 00:39:51,451 All the pressure of great events on and against which 619 00:39:51,535 --> 00:39:57,082 I'd mentally so long maintained my flying speed would cease, 620 00:39:57,165 --> 00:39:58,500 and I should fall. 621 00:39:59,584 --> 00:40:02,546 [man] Conservatives, 180. 622 00:40:02,629 --> 00:40:05,340 Labour, 364. 623 00:40:07,050 --> 00:40:12,222 [Johnson] In the end, it's the people who decide who governs them. 624 00:40:12,973 --> 00:40:14,933 And he really proved that. 625 00:40:15,016 --> 00:40:16,643 You know, look at the guy. 626 00:40:16,726 --> 00:40:21,189 He manages to steer his country to victory, to salvation, 627 00:40:21,273 --> 00:40:22,941 in the Second World War. 628 00:40:23,024 --> 00:40:28,572 And then, boom, 1945, he gets the order of the boot, first class. 629 00:40:30,031 --> 00:40:34,077 [Soames] It must have been such a sort of slap around the face 630 00:40:34,161 --> 00:40:36,288 when the results came through. 631 00:40:36,371 --> 00:40:39,124 My mother was in floods of tears, 632 00:40:39,207 --> 00:40:43,837 and the only one who wasn't in tears, for once, was Churchill, 633 00:40:43,920 --> 00:40:46,965 who said, you know, "The people have spoken." 634 00:40:47,799 --> 00:40:50,635 The Labour Party's great victory 635 00:40:50,719 --> 00:40:53,805 shows that the country is ready 636 00:40:53,889 --> 00:40:58,101 for a new policy to face new world conditions. 637 00:40:58,185 --> 00:41:02,063 [Packwood] After five and a half years of war and hardship, 638 00:41:02,147 --> 00:41:07,235 people wanted a national health service, they wanted rebuilding, reconstruction. 639 00:41:07,319 --> 00:41:13,200 [Soames] But, of course, he didn't lose his way with words, even in defeat. 640 00:41:13,283 --> 00:41:16,995 Clementine said to him, "Maybe it's a blessing in disguise." 641 00:41:17,078 --> 00:41:19,748 And he said, "Well, it's very well disguised." 642 00:41:20,707 --> 00:41:23,210 [quiet, sentimental music playing] 643 00:41:23,293 --> 00:41:26,671 [Hirsch] The British public's perception of him was very different during wartime, 644 00:41:26,755 --> 00:41:30,884 when that kind of statesmanlike grandeur, single-mindedness 645 00:41:30,967 --> 00:41:34,638 was useful in mobilizing people and inspiring people 646 00:41:34,721 --> 00:41:37,682 at a time of great challenge and darkness, 647 00:41:37,766 --> 00:41:38,934 versus peacetime. 648 00:41:40,310 --> 00:41:46,233 If he had been as popular as he is now in the national imagination, 649 00:41:46,316 --> 00:41:50,320 it's hard to imagine that any party he led could have lost an election, 650 00:41:50,403 --> 00:41:54,908 because we have iconicized him in such an extreme way 651 00:41:54,991 --> 00:41:56,993 and made him this singular hero. 652 00:41:57,077 --> 00:42:00,705 [crowd cheering and whistling] 653 00:42:00,789 --> 00:42:04,167 [Churchill] The power to shape the future would be denied me. 654 00:42:05,168 --> 00:42:08,171 The knowledge and experience I had gathered, 655 00:42:08,255 --> 00:42:13,385 the authority and goodwill I had gained in so many countries, 656 00:42:13,468 --> 00:42:14,386 would vanish. 657 00:42:17,138 --> 00:42:18,306 [Ruane] He loses power. 658 00:42:18,890 --> 00:42:22,269 But just before Churchill returns to London to hear the result, 659 00:42:22,352 --> 00:42:24,646 the Potsdam Proclamation is issued. 660 00:42:24,729 --> 00:42:27,983 It calls on Japan to surrender unconditionally, and if Japan doesn't… 661 00:42:28,066 --> 00:42:30,068 [rousing, tense music playing] 662 00:42:37,826 --> 00:42:40,745 [Churchill] What was gunpowder? Trivial. 663 00:42:42,872 --> 00:42:45,959 What was electricity? Meaningless. 664 00:42:47,919 --> 00:42:51,715 This atomic bomb is the Second Coming in wrath. 665 00:43:25,707 --> 00:43:27,667 [Churchill in reenactment] The bomb brought peace, 666 00:43:28,543 --> 00:43:30,879 but men alone can keep that peace. 667 00:43:32,797 --> 00:43:34,049 And henceforward, 668 00:43:34,758 --> 00:43:37,010 they will keep it under penalties 669 00:43:37,093 --> 00:43:40,472 which threaten the survival not only of civilization, 670 00:43:41,973 --> 00:43:43,933 but of humanity itself. 671 00:43:47,729 --> 00:43:51,149 [Churchill] Out of a life of long and varied experience, 672 00:43:51,232 --> 00:43:55,320 the most valuable piece of advice I could hand on to you 673 00:43:55,403 --> 00:43:58,782 is to know how to command the moment to remain. 674 00:43:59,699 --> 00:44:04,204 Someone like Winston Churchill can't go from being at the center of everything 675 00:44:04,287 --> 00:44:06,373 to quietly painting and… 676 00:44:06,456 --> 00:44:08,083 That was a part of his life. 677 00:44:08,166 --> 00:44:10,877 He didn't want it to be his entire life, 678 00:44:10,960 --> 00:44:15,006 and so he was never going to just retire. 679 00:44:15,799 --> 00:44:17,384 [Katz] Churchill can never sit still. 680 00:44:17,467 --> 00:44:21,096 He's always one who's been in a hurry to get to somewhere else. 681 00:44:22,597 --> 00:44:24,140 He receives an invitation to speak 682 00:44:24,224 --> 00:44:26,601 at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, 683 00:44:26,685 --> 00:44:29,354 and it's in the home state of the American president, Harry Truman. 684 00:44:29,938 --> 00:44:32,982 The train to Jefferson City will be ready to board soon, sir. 685 00:44:33,066 --> 00:44:36,653 Time enough to thrash these gentlemen of the press the way they deserve. 686 00:44:36,736 --> 00:44:38,029 I'll take three. 687 00:44:38,113 --> 00:44:39,030 One for me. 688 00:44:40,782 --> 00:44:43,993 You know, lads, if I were to be born again, 689 00:44:44,077 --> 00:44:46,996 there is one country in which I would want to be a citizen, 690 00:44:47,080 --> 00:44:50,166 in which a man knows he has an unbounded future. 691 00:44:50,250 --> 00:44:52,085 And where's that, Mr. Churchill? 692 00:44:52,168 --> 00:44:56,423 The USA. Although I deplore some of your customs. 693 00:44:56,506 --> 00:44:58,925 -[men chuckling] -And which ones would those be? 694 00:44:59,008 --> 00:45:02,512 Well, for one thing, you stop drinking with your meals. 695 00:45:02,595 --> 00:45:04,973 [all laughing] 696 00:45:05,807 --> 00:45:06,766 I call. 697 00:45:08,017 --> 00:45:09,811 Flush. Clubs. 698 00:45:09,894 --> 00:45:11,563 [chuckling] 699 00:45:12,480 --> 00:45:14,649 What'll your speech be about, sir? 700 00:45:15,817 --> 00:45:18,153 I hadn't realized this was a working card game. 701 00:45:18,236 --> 00:45:20,238 [all laughing] 702 00:45:21,865 --> 00:45:26,369 I shall speak about the deplorable sphere of influence of the Soviet Union. 703 00:45:27,412 --> 00:45:30,498 How it has hardened into an impenetrable barrier, 704 00:45:31,124 --> 00:45:33,293 trapping millions in oppression. 705 00:45:33,376 --> 00:45:35,462 [man] The Russians were just our allies. 706 00:45:36,045 --> 00:45:38,047 They'll call you a warmonger. 707 00:45:38,631 --> 00:45:40,508 It won't be for the first time. 708 00:45:41,384 --> 00:45:42,802 But you see, gentlemen, 709 00:45:43,887 --> 00:45:45,597 I've played this hand before. 710 00:45:46,681 --> 00:45:48,391 I was right in 1938… 711 00:45:52,228 --> 00:45:53,605 and I'm right now. 712 00:45:56,274 --> 00:45:59,527 From Stettin in the Baltic 713 00:45:59,611 --> 00:46:01,654 to Trieste in the Adriatic, 714 00:46:02,363 --> 00:46:05,492 an iron curtain has descended across the continent. 715 00:46:06,117 --> 00:46:08,286 [Johnson] He was always anti-communist. 716 00:46:08,369 --> 00:46:13,041 He tries to remind his audience of all the things that he thinks unite us, 717 00:46:13,124 --> 00:46:15,502 freedom, democracy, free speech, and so on, 718 00:46:15,585 --> 00:46:19,631 that are now under threat in this Soviet-dominated sphere. 719 00:46:19,714 --> 00:46:21,800 [Churchill] What we have to consider here today, 720 00:46:22,383 --> 00:46:23,802 while time remains, 721 00:46:23,885 --> 00:46:28,056 is the establishment of conditions of freedom and democracy 722 00:46:28,139 --> 00:46:30,892 as rapidly as possible in all countries. 723 00:46:30,975 --> 00:46:33,186 Churchill gave the great Iron Curtain speech, 724 00:46:33,269 --> 00:46:35,563 which basically said, "Good versus evil." 725 00:46:35,647 --> 00:46:39,067 And that moral clarity, you know, upsets people. 726 00:46:39,150 --> 00:46:42,278 And, of course, he was attacked again for being a warmonger, 727 00:46:42,362 --> 00:46:44,781 just as he had been in the 1930s. 728 00:46:44,864 --> 00:46:48,034 Our difficulties and dangers will not be removed 729 00:46:48,117 --> 00:46:49,828 by closing our eyes to them. 730 00:46:50,411 --> 00:46:54,624 This speech predicts what is going to happen, 731 00:46:54,707 --> 00:46:57,919 which is that an Iron Curtain is going to descend across Europe, 732 00:46:58,002 --> 00:47:00,463 and you have the advent of the Cold War. 733 00:47:02,340 --> 00:47:05,218 [applause] 734 00:47:08,304 --> 00:47:11,432 [distressful music playing] 735 00:47:16,479 --> 00:47:19,858 [Johnson] Having been proved wrong about so many things in his earlier career, 736 00:47:19,941 --> 00:47:21,276 he's proved right twice 737 00:47:21,359 --> 00:47:26,197 about the tyranny of Nazism and then about Soviet communism too. 738 00:47:28,241 --> 00:47:31,494 [Churchill] Many people say I ought to have retired after the war 739 00:47:31,578 --> 00:47:34,581 and have become some sort of elder statesman. 740 00:47:35,582 --> 00:47:37,000 But how could I? 741 00:47:37,083 --> 00:47:41,963 I have fought all my life and cannot give up fighting now. 742 00:47:42,714 --> 00:47:44,132 [cheers and applause] 743 00:47:44,215 --> 00:47:47,927 [Packwood] That compulsion to lead on the international stage 744 00:47:48,011 --> 00:47:49,178 was still there. 745 00:47:50,096 --> 00:47:52,098 You know, he really doesn't want to let go. 746 00:47:52,181 --> 00:47:54,267 [man] Mr. Churchill, scene two, take one. 747 00:47:56,769 --> 00:47:58,146 Ladies and gentlemen, 748 00:47:59,689 --> 00:48:04,777 the vote you will give on February 23rd 749 00:48:04,861 --> 00:48:08,072 is of profound importance to your future. 750 00:48:11,409 --> 00:48:13,286 -[man] Cut. -[Churchill] Now, wasn't that better? 751 00:48:13,369 --> 00:48:14,746 [clears throat] 752 00:48:17,040 --> 00:48:18,750 We are the chosen few. 753 00:48:20,460 --> 00:48:22,211 I can't remember it. 754 00:48:22,295 --> 00:48:24,380 I've got one of the best memories you can have. 755 00:48:24,464 --> 00:48:26,341 [man] I know, sir, but that's quite all right. 756 00:48:26,424 --> 00:48:29,010 Don't worry. Look at the camera and start again, sir. 757 00:48:30,261 --> 00:48:31,930 We are the chosen few. 758 00:48:35,266 --> 00:48:37,352 All of you will be damned. 759 00:48:38,937 --> 00:48:41,606 There is no place in heaven for you. 760 00:48:43,149 --> 00:48:44,901 We can't have Heaven crammed. 761 00:48:46,152 --> 00:48:48,446 I thought you were muting quotations I read this morning. 762 00:48:48,529 --> 00:48:51,240 -[crew laughs] -You've got to do what you can with that. 763 00:48:52,825 --> 00:48:55,745 [Bush] One of the problems with democracy is people get tired of you. 764 00:48:55,828 --> 00:49:00,917 And here's a guy that led England through a brutal period of time 765 00:49:01,000 --> 00:49:02,627 and then gets booted out of office, 766 00:49:03,211 --> 00:49:06,214 and then comes back to be the Prime Minister. 767 00:49:06,297 --> 00:49:08,591 It's a remarkable comeback story. 768 00:49:08,675 --> 00:49:12,345 [man] The election after six years of Labour rule goes Conservative. 769 00:49:12,428 --> 00:49:16,307 Winston Spencer Churchill, world statesman, is returned to power. 770 00:49:17,266 --> 00:49:20,687 [Lammy] In the British House of Commons members' lobby, 771 00:49:20,770 --> 00:49:23,773 there's an immense bronze statue of Churchill, 772 00:49:23,856 --> 00:49:28,611 and it is the habit of many members of Parliament 773 00:49:28,695 --> 00:49:31,948 to touch his shoe for luck. 774 00:49:32,031 --> 00:49:36,452 All of us are reminded about his presence on a daily basis. 775 00:49:37,286 --> 00:49:40,999 [Soames] He always had this view that the way to get history 776 00:49:41,082 --> 00:49:42,667 was to write it yourself. 777 00:49:42,750 --> 00:49:44,544 So he set about that. 778 00:49:45,294 --> 00:49:46,546 [Peri] FDR is dead. 779 00:49:46,629 --> 00:49:49,465 It's not like Stalin is writing in his journals. 780 00:49:50,299 --> 00:49:51,634 And of course, Hitler is dead. 781 00:49:51,718 --> 00:49:54,512 Churchill immediately seizes the narrative 782 00:49:55,096 --> 00:49:58,766 and is the one who is shaping how we see World War II, 783 00:49:59,642 --> 00:50:02,478 which is a position of enormous power. 784 00:50:02,562 --> 00:50:04,772 And by wielding that power, 785 00:50:04,856 --> 00:50:08,609 generations of historians, and then subsequently, the public, 786 00:50:08,693 --> 00:50:13,698 look at World War II and everything that happened around it through his lens. 787 00:50:14,991 --> 00:50:19,495 [Andrews] The Second World War brings the Empire to an end in its incarnation. 788 00:50:21,581 --> 00:50:24,208 People are demanding their freedom, they're demanding nationalism. 789 00:50:25,084 --> 00:50:26,502 Churchill genuinely believes 790 00:50:26,586 --> 00:50:29,338 that Britain and America will decide where the world goes. 791 00:50:29,422 --> 00:50:32,592 What America is actually doing is setting a different form of empire, 792 00:50:32,675 --> 00:50:35,136 which is about economic control rather than political control. 793 00:50:35,219 --> 00:50:37,221 And that clashes heavily with Churchill. 794 00:50:38,139 --> 00:50:39,390 Because of his imperialism, 795 00:50:39,474 --> 00:50:42,560 he never really comes to terms with the fact that the Empire is over. 796 00:50:44,437 --> 00:50:46,647 [Hirsch] Churchill is an absolutely key figure 797 00:50:46,731 --> 00:50:50,610 in understanding that narrative of Britishness that has been constructed, 798 00:50:50,693 --> 00:50:53,780 I would say, to make generations of British people feel good about themselves. 799 00:50:54,822 --> 00:50:58,326 Not as a person with all his complexity and flaws, 800 00:50:58,409 --> 00:51:03,456 but as a symbol of victory, of reinforcing the status quo, 801 00:51:03,539 --> 00:51:06,292 continuity, tradition, the class systems. 802 00:51:07,668 --> 00:51:11,005 [Bush] The world, at times, is starved for strong leaders, 803 00:51:11,089 --> 00:51:13,591 and Churchill was a strong leader 804 00:51:13,674 --> 00:51:18,471 who never forgot the beauty of freedom and the importance of democracy. 805 00:51:19,055 --> 00:51:20,932 [Peri] To paraphrase Walt Whitman, 806 00:51:21,015 --> 00:51:23,768 "Like America, Churchill contains multitudes." 807 00:51:23,851 --> 00:51:28,272 I think it's possible to be a leader who accomplishes something extraordinary, 808 00:51:28,856 --> 00:51:35,404 who legitimately helps save the world from something truly evil, 809 00:51:37,073 --> 00:51:40,201 and also have made decisions that were horrific 810 00:51:40,284 --> 00:51:43,079 and hold views that we find abhorrent. 811 00:51:43,162 --> 00:51:45,915 We can hold all of these things. They can all be true. 812 00:51:45,998 --> 00:51:50,002 And it doesn't mean that we have to tear down his statue, 813 00:51:50,086 --> 00:51:54,006 maybe it means we put up some more to more fully tell the story. 814 00:51:55,258 --> 00:51:58,511 [Lammy] The doggedness, the determination, 815 00:51:58,594 --> 00:52:03,850 the eloquence, the wit, the drive, the purpose. 816 00:52:04,559 --> 00:52:05,852 In that sense, 817 00:52:05,935 --> 00:52:10,273 the British people see in his image 818 00:52:11,315 --> 00:52:13,985 the self-image of the best of them. 819 00:52:14,735 --> 00:52:16,028 [Roberts] Physically brave, 820 00:52:16,529 --> 00:52:18,072 morally brave, 821 00:52:19,282 --> 00:52:21,576 full of insights and foresight. 822 00:52:23,119 --> 00:52:25,037 Humorous to the point 823 00:52:25,121 --> 00:52:29,167 that he can still make people laugh 60 years after his death. 824 00:52:29,250 --> 00:52:31,252 -[rousing music playing] -[applause] 825 00:52:32,378 --> 00:52:37,175 The portrait is a remarkable example of modern art. 826 00:52:37,884 --> 00:52:41,304 [audience laughs] 827 00:52:41,387 --> 00:52:47,643 And a resolute spirit that is very rarely seen in human history. 828 00:52:50,521 --> 00:52:53,482 [Meacham] Churchill should inspire us, 829 00:52:53,566 --> 00:52:56,611 not because he's such a hero, but because he's so human. 830 00:53:00,531 --> 00:53:03,784 [Churchill] The day may dawn when fair play, 831 00:53:03,868 --> 00:53:08,581 love for one's fellow men, respect for justice and freedom 832 00:53:08,664 --> 00:53:14,003 will enable tormented generations to march forth serene and triumphant 833 00:53:14,086 --> 00:53:17,381 from the hideous epoch in which we have to dwell. 834 00:53:17,465 --> 00:53:19,467 [quiet, sentimental music plays] 835 00:53:20,968 --> 00:53:22,553 [child laughing] 836 00:53:22,637 --> 00:53:25,848 [Soames] When I was small, we lived at Chartwell, 837 00:53:25,932 --> 00:53:28,976 and my brother went running down the corridor 838 00:53:29,060 --> 00:53:32,939 into the inner sanctum of Grandfather's study, 839 00:53:33,022 --> 00:53:35,233 where none of us were really allowed to go. 840 00:53:35,316 --> 00:53:37,318 He said, ''Grandpapa, Grandpapa, 841 00:53:37,401 --> 00:53:40,363 is it true you're the greatest living Englishman?'' 842 00:53:40,446 --> 00:53:42,657 And he said, ''Yes, now bugger off.'' 843 00:53:45,451 --> 00:53:48,871 [Johnson] Although he was this great, patriotic, 844 00:53:48,955 --> 00:53:52,750 sometimes bombastic believer in the British Empire, 845 00:53:52,833 --> 00:53:54,627 he was also basically a liberal. 846 00:53:55,586 --> 00:54:00,216 He believed in progress. He believed in freedom and opportunity. 847 00:54:00,299 --> 00:54:03,302 I think he's more relevant than ever today 848 00:54:03,386 --> 00:54:09,642 because the values he believed in are under serious threat 849 00:54:09,725 --> 00:54:10,935 and need to prevail. 850 00:54:13,354 --> 00:54:16,315 [Churchill] In war, resolution. 851 00:54:17,066 --> 00:54:19,652 In defeat, defiance. 852 00:54:21,028 --> 00:54:23,906 In victory, magnanimity. 853 00:54:25,908 --> 00:54:28,953 In peace, goodwill. 854 00:54:38,212 --> 00:54:40,214 [dramatic music playing] 855 00:57:06,277 --> 00:57:09,113 Subtitle translation by: Y. Yun