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[distant explosions]
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[static crackling]
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[announcer]
This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.
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[newscaster]
Fresh details of a Europe in turmoil.
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[announcer] This is the BBC Home Service.
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[Winston Churchill] Upon this battle
depends the survival of civilization.
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[German] The Empire must act
like a man standing in motion.
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[commentator] Peace or war
is now in the lap of the gods.
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[Franklin Roosevelt] We believe
that the Nazis and the fascists
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have asked for it
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and they're going to get it.
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[static crackling]
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[narrator]
This is the story of World War II.
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What it was really like.
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- [alarm sounding]
- [men shouting]
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- [planes buzzing deck]
- [men shouting]
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[machine guns firing]
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We'll put you on an aircraft carrier
when the kamikazes strike.
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[man speaking German on radio]
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Take you inside a tank
with the Nazis' Panzer Division.
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You'll ride with the American GIs
for the liberation of Paris.
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[crowd cheering]
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And with the Soviet Red Army
for the final assault on Berlin.
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[machine guns firing]
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[ordnance pounding tank]
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This is the true story
of the biggest conflict in human history.
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This is World War II from the frontlines.
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[soldier] Flame thrower, break off.
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LEISURE ACTIVITIES
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[dive bomber buzzing]
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[men shouting]
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[narr ator] 1939.
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Germany is ruled
by Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler.
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He believes his people
are a superior race,
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destined to conquer Europe.
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{\an8}His armies have already walked
into Austria and Czechoslovakia.
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{\an8}But the Second World War
begins when he invades Poland.
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A task that falls first
to the German Air Force, the Luftwaffe.
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[indistinct chatter]
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[switches click]
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[engine revving]
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[dramatic music playing]
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[Bob in German] I was proud
to be squadron leader at 23.
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We thought Germany
was doing something great.
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[dive bombers buzzing]
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The world would sit up and take notice!
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{\an8}[Kulski] There was a terrible noise
and the trees started bending.
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And right over the treetops came out
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huge black airplanes with crosses.
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They seemed like hundreds of them.
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They were flying to bomb Warsaw.
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There was just complete chaos.
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People running away.
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[baby cries]
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We just laid down.
I was really terrified.
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[announcer] Please stand by
for a very important announcement.
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Germany has invaded Poland
and has bombed many towns.
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[speaking German]
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[Hitler in German]
Already, endless columns of Polish troops
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have been captured.
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Poland asked for this fight.
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Now Poland is getting a fight.
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[crowd cheering]
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[voice muted by cheering]
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[narrator] After three weeks,
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the Polish capital, Warsaw,
falls to the German army.
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[man in Polish]
Hello, hello. Can you hear us?
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This is our last radio announcement.
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German troops have entered Warsaw.
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{\an8}[Kulski] I remember seeing
the dead horses and the ruined buildings.
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Our house didn't have any windows left.
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It was the same house, but it wasn't.
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My mother bursts crying and she threw up
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when she saw
everything that was happening.
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It was just such a shock.
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{\an8}[woman] We were simply overwhelmed
by the German military might.
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The sort of feeling developed
that we were helpless.
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It was a feeling of being in a trap.
There was no way out.
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I think people
simply didn't want to accept it.
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And then very gradually
but relentlessly, it started to happen.
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[narrator] There's something dark
happening in occupied Poland.
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{\an8}[Kulski] The Germans started
the terror immediately.
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They brought in the Orthodox rabbi
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and tied him up to the roof
of the wooden synagogue
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and started a fire
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and made the elders
run in to try to save him.
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And they all died
right in front of my eyes.
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The Germans made it very clear
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that it was a question of time
that they were going to kill us all.
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So we had to defend ourselves.
We had to defend our families.
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And that was when I decided
to join the Polish resistance.
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[narrator]
Julian Kulski is still only a schoolboy.
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But soon he will learn
what it means to kill a man.
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But from Germany,
the war looks very different.
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[Werk in German] For many of us,
being a decent German
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meant being a member of the Nazi party.
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We were the good guys.
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[crowd cheering]
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[crowd chanting "Sieg heil!"]
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[Werk] Hitler was there for us.
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He was our Führer, sent by God.
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[soldiers in German] Here we stand.
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We are ready
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to carry Germany into a new era.
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One people,
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one Führer,
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one Reich!
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{\an8}[narrator] Hitler's plan is
to create a German empire
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{\an8}by invading countries to the east.
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{\an8}But Great Britain and France
have a pact with Poland.
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{\an8}So they now declare war on Germany.
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{\an8}[announcer] Just to bring you
up to date on the news of Europe,
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{\an8}if you are just turning on your radios:
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{\an8}Great Britain is now at war with Germany.
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[announcer 2]
Every minute spent on production now
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is vital to the defense
of the country and your homes.
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In Paris and London, they're sending
children to the safety of the countryside.
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[man in French] We are determined
not to submit to threats of violence.
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[narrator] France and Britain are calling
up their colonial armies for support
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{\an8}from Asia and Africa.
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{\an8}[man in French]
In a world of masters and slaves,
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{\an8}we must save liberty and dignity.
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Allied troops spread out
along the Maginot Line,
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a network of bunkers
and fortresses along the German border.
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For eight months, the two sides
eyeball each other across the line.
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[announcer in German] The first phase
of this great fight is over.
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And what we did in Poland
will be fulfilled in England and France!
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[narrator] Spring 1940.
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The Germans launch a surprise attack.
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They go around the Maginot Line,
through the Ardennes Forest.
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[indistinct chatter on radio]
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[Heinlein in German]
My friends had fought in Poland,
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and I wanted to see action.
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I was thrilled.
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[men speaking German on radio]
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{\an8}[narrator] The Panzers pour into Belgium,
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{\an8}the Netherlands, and France.
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[Heinlein] We were surprised
there was hardly any resistance.
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{\an8}[woman] The day they arrived,
I remember, I was afraid.
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My mother said, "Things are
going to get very bad, very bad."
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They were arresting
young people on the street.
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And you never saw them again.
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It was terrible.
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[Heinlein] Then the British came
in their little armored vehicles.
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They were so outdated.
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With one shot they were in a ditch.
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[narrator] The British fall back
to the beaches of Dunkirk,
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cornered by the Germans.
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They're trapped and defenseless.
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{\an8}[Hunn] We'd got to Dunkirk.
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{\an8}Then suddenly out of the sky
would come these airplanes.
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[plane engines revving]
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[dive bombers buzzing]
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They're screaming, and they would dive
on these men and machine-gun them.
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You could do nothing about it.
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What terror!
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[narrator] With their backs to the wall,
the British mount a last-ditch evacuation.
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[announcer] Near Dunkirk this evening,
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Allied troops have been
deliberately machine-gunned
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and slaughtered by low-flying aircraft.
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Allied hospital ships have been attacked.
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[Hunn]
You're up to your neck. Dead bodies.
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The slaughter.
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Then somebody pulled me up.
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I looked out, and there in front of you
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was the whole of Dunkirk.
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Massive flames, smoke, explosions.
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And you think, that's hell.
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[announcer] ...and how the Royal Navy,
using nearly a thousand ships,
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has brought back nearly 350,000 men.
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[narrator] The British Army scrambles home
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and lives to fight another day.
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[Hunn] We arrived back home at Margate.
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I felt rather ashamed.
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Because I knew that
there was hordes of Germans
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on the other side of the channel.
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DUNKIRK
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[narrator] In the space of a few weeks,
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the German army has killed or captured
more than two million Allied troops.
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It takes the Nazis 21 days to take
the rest of France and roll into Paris.
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[commentator] France has surrendered.
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[commentator 2]
Britain alone will continue the struggle.
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[crowd cheering]
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[narrator] In Berlin,
Hitler gets a hero's welcome.
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The Nazis now control much of Europe.
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Only Great Britain stands in their way.
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But Prime Minister Winston Churchill
is defiant.
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[Churchill] We are in
one of the greatest battles in history.
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You ask, what is our policy?
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It is to wage war by sea, land and air
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with all the strength
that God can give us.
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Victory at all costs.
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Without victory, there is no survival.
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[narrator] Hitler is preparing
the final knockout blow,
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a full-scale invasion of Great Britain.
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But first, he must take down
the British Royal Air Force.
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{\an8}[bell ringing]
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00:22:50,791 --> 00:22:53,125
[pilots shouting]
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00:22:57,583 --> 00:23:03,875
{\an8}[Wellum] Somebody gave me this...
lithe-looking creature called a Spitfire
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00:23:03,958 --> 00:23:07,041
and said,
"There's a Spitfire, go and fly it."
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The ground crew were waiting for me
and told me how to start the thing.
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The next thing I knew,
it had leapt into the air.
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Sort of me hanging on to it, really...
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00:23:33,833 --> 00:23:37,833
and off we went
into the wild blue yonder.
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[narrator] Geoffrey Wellum is
a Spitfire pilot just out of training.
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00:24:03,666 --> 00:24:06,000
He's one of just over
a thousand young men
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00:24:06,083 --> 00:24:09,083
who now carry the fate
of the war on their shoulders.
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[Wellum] I remember thinking,
"Oh, my goodness me."
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And you offered up a little prayer.
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"It's going to be
a very busy day, O Lord."
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"If I forget you, don't you forget me."
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00:24:27,666 --> 00:24:29,125
"Just give me this day."
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00:24:29,666 --> 00:24:31,208
"Please give me this day."
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00:24:40,916 --> 00:24:42,791
[narrator] Across the English Channel,
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00:24:42,875 --> 00:24:45,791
the German pilots
gather for a final briefing.
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00:24:47,125 --> 00:24:50,375
[Bob] The campaigns in Poland and France
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00:24:50,458 --> 00:24:54,000
gave us a lot of experience
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00:24:54,708 --> 00:24:56,875
so we were ready.
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00:25:02,041 --> 00:25:07,083
The English knew we were better pilots.
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00:25:15,166 --> 00:25:16,875
[Wellum] One got a little bit angry.
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What were they doing over here?
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00:25:20,875 --> 00:25:24,083
They've decimated Europe,
flattened Poland.
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And here they are over this country.
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00:25:27,333 --> 00:25:30,291
You know, what right
have they got to do this sort of thing?
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00:25:38,208 --> 00:25:41,416
[Churchill] We shall fight
on the seas and oceans.
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We shall fight with growing confidence
and growing strength in the air.
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We shall defend our island,
whatever the cost may be.
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We shall fight on the beaches.
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We shall fight
in the fields and in the streets.
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We shall never surrender.
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[Bob] We had always
seen the English as brothers,
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but as soon as the shooting started,
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it was us or them.
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[Wellum] We went up
through a little bit of cloud.
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And I looked ahead.
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00:26:50,708 --> 00:26:52,500
There they were.
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00:26:58,375 --> 00:27:02,458
I've never seen
so many airplanes in the sky at one time.
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00:27:02,541 --> 00:27:04,125
[dive bombers buzzing]
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00:27:08,083 --> 00:27:11,083
We were heading
towards them at 300 miles an hour.
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00:27:11,166 --> 00:27:13,458
They were coming
towards us at 300 miles an hour.
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00:27:14,166 --> 00:27:15,875
That's 600 miles an hour.
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00:27:19,583 --> 00:27:22,166
The next thing I knew,
we went straight into them.
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[machine gun firing]
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00:27:25,541 --> 00:27:27,333
[metal clanging]
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00:27:42,041 --> 00:27:44,375
It was just flying for your life.
246
00:27:49,625 --> 00:27:51,666
You see aircraft on fire.
247
00:27:52,208 --> 00:27:53,291
Aircraft breaking up.
248
00:27:55,125 --> 00:27:57,666
People bailing out
and their parachutes don't open.
249
00:28:00,166 --> 00:28:02,000
It was total war.
250
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:17,375
[narrator] For 12 weeks,
the RAF and the Luftwaffe battle it out.
251
00:28:21,750 --> 00:28:23,625
By the end of September,
252
00:28:23,708 --> 00:28:26,875
1,600 German aircraft
have been brought down.
253
00:28:27,583 --> 00:28:31,166
[Bob] The losses were so huge.
254
00:28:37,125 --> 00:28:41,416
The whole mission had to be aborted.
255
00:28:43,208 --> 00:28:48,416
And the Battle of Britain came to an end.
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00:28:52,916 --> 00:28:56,375
[narrator] For now,
Britain is safe from invasion.
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00:28:57,750 --> 00:29:01,166
[Wellum] The important thing
was that we stopped them
258
00:29:02,291 --> 00:29:04,458
and denied them their aim.
259
00:29:06,791 --> 00:29:08,458
For the first time,
260
00:29:09,583 --> 00:29:14,208
the Germans realized
they had suffered a setback.
261
00:29:15,125 --> 00:29:16,708
And they didn't like it.
262
00:29:35,375 --> 00:29:36,875
[in Italian] Hail the Duce!
263
00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:38,750
[crowd cheering]
264
00:29:47,583 --> 00:29:53,541
[in Italian] We are going to battle
against the democracies of the West.
265
00:29:53,625 --> 00:29:55,375
Run to your weapons...
266
00:29:56,166 --> 00:29:58,541
[crowd cheering]
267
00:29:58,625 --> 00:30:03,000
to show your tenacity...
268
00:30:05,125 --> 00:30:06,916
your courage
269
00:30:08,541 --> 00:30:10,458
and your valor!
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00:30:15,041 --> 00:30:18,625
[narrator] Hitler isn't the only dictator
casting a shadow over Europe.
271
00:30:19,583 --> 00:30:23,291
Italy has its own strongman,
Benito Mussolini.
272
00:30:23,916 --> 00:30:25,916
He's plotting a deal with Hitler
273
00:30:26,041 --> 00:30:28,333
and planning
military adventures of his own.
274
00:30:32,625 --> 00:30:35,250
[Mussolini] Italy is standing strong,
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00:30:35,333 --> 00:30:38,500
proud and united as never before.
276
00:30:39,500 --> 00:30:41,666
[narrator] With the Brits
fighting Germany,
277
00:30:41,750 --> 00:30:43,916
{\an8}Mussolini takes his chance
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00:30:44,041 --> 00:30:46,458
{\an8}and invades British-controlled Egypt.
279
00:30:46,708 --> 00:30:51,458
{\an8}It took five days for the Axis troops
from Agedabia to Derna.
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00:30:53,041 --> 00:30:55,000
[crowd cheering]
281
00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:05,416
[narrator] Meanwhile, back in Europe,
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00:31:05,500 --> 00:31:08,750
thousands of Allied soldiers
are now prisoners of war.
283
00:31:18,833 --> 00:31:20,750
One of them is Pham Van Kiem,
284
00:31:21,333 --> 00:31:24,500
a Vietnamese soldier
serving with the French army.
285
00:31:28,750 --> 00:31:31,958
[Kiem in French]
Once we got into the camp...
286
00:31:33,833 --> 00:31:38,916
in the barracks,
there were many prisoners of all races.
287
00:31:39,500 --> 00:31:44,750
Senegalese, Algerians, Moroccans,
Tunisians, from all over.
288
00:31:53,875 --> 00:31:56,416
[narrator] The Nazis begin
to separate colonial soldiers
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00:31:56,500 --> 00:31:58,750
from other prisoners of war.
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00:32:08,791 --> 00:32:11,000
[Kiem] After shaving our heads,
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00:32:11,708 --> 00:32:18,666
we were all given numbers.
292
00:32:19,458 --> 00:32:21,625
I didn't understand why.
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00:32:31,583 --> 00:32:34,875
[narrator] The Nazis are
conducting so-called medical research
294
00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:37,000
to advance their racist beliefs.
295
00:33:08,416 --> 00:33:10,083
And this is just the beginning.
296
00:33:13,625 --> 00:33:15,958
[static on radio]
297
00:33:25,750 --> 00:33:27,708
Back in occupied Poland,
298
00:33:27,791 --> 00:33:31,000
they are segregating the Jewish population
299
00:33:31,083 --> 00:33:35,291
inside areas of cities
and towns known as ghettos.
300
00:33:36,583 --> 00:33:38,958
LIVING SPACE FOR JEWS
DO NOT ENTER
301
00:33:41,208 --> 00:33:47,708
To fight back, 13-year-old Julian Kulski
has decided to join the Polish resistance.
302
00:33:49,500 --> 00:33:51,750
[Kulski] At first I was just the runner,
303
00:33:53,041 --> 00:33:57,166
{\an8}carrying messages through
a secret underground passage.
304
00:34:01,875 --> 00:34:06,000
Later on,
my captain taught me how to fight,
305
00:34:07,791 --> 00:34:12,583
how to kill a person
with a knife or with your hands.
306
00:34:12,666 --> 00:34:13,958
[gun fires]
307
00:34:18,375 --> 00:34:21,875
[narrator] Julian's unit prepare
for resistance against the occupiers.
308
00:34:27,166 --> 00:34:29,833
But their operation
is uncovered by the Nazis.
309
00:34:31,583 --> 00:34:33,583
[soldiers shouting indistinctly]
310
00:34:36,041 --> 00:34:39,500
[Kulski] Somehow the Germans
learned about my commander.
311
00:34:41,791 --> 00:34:44,541
And the Germans arrested him
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00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:48,250
and shot him point-blank.
313
00:34:52,833 --> 00:34:54,541
He was everything.
314
00:34:56,166 --> 00:34:57,541
I loved that man.
315
00:35:05,375 --> 00:35:09,541
And I just swore that I would revenge him.
316
00:35:11,250 --> 00:35:16,166
I and another boy spent
the whole day looking for Germans.
317
00:35:23,708 --> 00:35:26,833
We found downtown a German soldier.
318
00:35:28,416 --> 00:35:30,916
He started pulling out his gun.
319
00:35:34,125 --> 00:35:36,000
And we both fired.
320
00:35:42,208 --> 00:35:44,041
He fell on his face.
321
00:35:47,458 --> 00:35:51,291
My initial reaction was,
you were able to kill them.
322
00:35:51,875 --> 00:35:53,041
They were human.
323
00:36:00,250 --> 00:36:05,916
Next day, they killed 20 women
and children on that spot.
324
00:36:13,208 --> 00:36:15,083
'Cause for every German,
325
00:36:15,166 --> 00:36:19,291
there were 20 civilians
shot on the same place.
326
00:36:25,666 --> 00:36:27,791
It was medieval.
327
00:36:54,708 --> 00:36:58,625
I feel responsible
for the death of these poor people.
328
00:37:09,458 --> 00:37:13,291
[narrator] In the ghettos,
they'll soon begin to round up Polish Jews
329
00:37:13,375 --> 00:37:15,875
and deport them to camps.
330
00:38:15,875 --> 00:38:17,958
As for the rest of Poland,
331
00:38:19,916 --> 00:38:22,166
the Nazis have plans for them too.
332
00:38:41,750 --> 00:38:46,333
[Twardecki in German]
One day, a troop of SS guards came.
333
00:39:03,916 --> 00:39:06,541
Our mothers were told
334
00:39:06,625 --> 00:39:11,125
there was no food in Poland,
335
00:39:13,458 --> 00:39:18,750
so they wanted
to care for us at a children's camp.
336
00:39:24,500 --> 00:39:30,500
I remember being torn from her arms
337
00:39:34,875 --> 00:39:36,875
and put onto a train.
338
00:39:37,791 --> 00:39:44,166
On the side, it said: "Polish children
for nourishment of the Reich."
339
00:39:58,041 --> 00:40:01,833
[narrator] Alojzy Twardecki
is one of 20,000 Polish children
340
00:40:01,916 --> 00:40:04,000
abducted by the SS.
341
00:40:04,833 --> 00:40:06,875
[somber choral music playing]
342
00:40:19,875 --> 00:40:26,208
[Twardecki] The color of the eyes,
the hair... those were weeded out.
343
00:40:38,208 --> 00:40:40,125
They called me "little angel."
344
00:40:44,625 --> 00:40:48,458
I had curly hair then, very, very blond.
345
00:40:50,125 --> 00:40:51,833
And light blue eyes.
346
00:40:56,416 --> 00:41:00,416
And then, Germanization began.
347
00:41:14,583 --> 00:41:16,333
I felt like a German boy.
348
00:41:31,208 --> 00:41:36,500
[Hitler] My German youth,
we want to be one people.
349
00:41:39,166 --> 00:41:41,750
And you, my youth,
350
00:41:41,833 --> 00:41:44,333
are to be this people...
351
00:41:46,541 --> 00:41:52,916
because you are the flesh of our flesh
and the blood of our blood.
352
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:58,083
And in your young heads
burns the same spirit that rules us.
353
00:42:03,000 --> 00:42:08,500
Before us Germany lies,
in us Germany burns,
354
00:42:08,583 --> 00:42:11,708
and behind us Germany follows!
355
00:42:17,333 --> 00:42:20,166
[narrator] The scale
of Hitler's ambition is now clear.
356
00:42:23,125 --> 00:42:25,625
He dreams of creating a 1,000-year Reich,
357
00:42:26,250 --> 00:42:29,250
homeland to a single master race.
358
00:42:36,458 --> 00:42:37,791
[incoming bombs whistling]
359
00:42:37,875 --> 00:42:41,791
Now German bombs
are falling again on British cities
360
00:42:41,875 --> 00:42:43,666
in a new terror campaign.
361
00:42:44,166 --> 00:42:48,500
[announcer] German aircraft carried out
a number of attacks on Great Britain.
362
00:42:48,583 --> 00:42:50,916
The raid was scattered
over many parts of the country.
363
00:42:51,833 --> 00:42:55,208
[narrator] Meanwhile, Fascist Italy
has invaded neighboring Greece.
364
00:42:55,291 --> 00:42:56,875
[reporter] Troops are moving forward
365
00:42:57,000 --> 00:42:59,291
after breaking through
the weak Greek resistance.
366
00:43:00,875 --> 00:43:03,500
[narrator] And beyond Europe,
war is spreading.
367
00:43:05,875 --> 00:43:09,750
Japan is on a mission to build
a so-called new order in Asia.
368
00:43:14,916 --> 00:43:16,875
They're already at war with China.
369
00:43:17,708 --> 00:43:20,458
[Tojo in Japanese]
Our Empire has entered the next stage
370
00:43:20,541 --> 00:43:22,333
of cooperation in a New World Order!
371
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:27,083
[narrator] Now Nazi Germany,
Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan
372
00:43:27,166 --> 00:43:30,291
agree to join forces
in a formidable new alliance.
373
00:43:34,375 --> 00:43:36,333
They're known as the Axis powers.
374
00:43:38,291 --> 00:43:40,750
Their plan is to conquer the entire globe.
375
00:43:46,291 --> 00:43:48,833
But there's one more player
to be reckoned with.
376
00:43:52,083 --> 00:43:54,083
[patriotic Russian music rising]
377
00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:01,958
The Soviet Union
has the world's largest army.
378
00:44:07,208 --> 00:44:08,625
And in Joseph Stalin,
379
00:44:08,708 --> 00:44:11,583
they have a dictator
with the ambition to match Hitler's.
380
00:44:13,791 --> 00:44:16,000
[Stalin in Russian]
Our forces are numberless.
381
00:44:18,416 --> 00:44:21,500
The enemy
will soon learn this to their cost.
382
00:44:23,500 --> 00:44:25,375
Forward to victory!
383
00:44:29,541 --> 00:44:33,541
[narrator] 1940 has seen
the fires of war ignited in Europe.
384
00:44:36,083 --> 00:44:42,041
In 1941, the flames will spread
to engulf every corner of the globe.
385
00:44:42,750 --> 00:44:45,208
[announcer]
From the NBC news room in New York...
386
00:44:49,541 --> 00:44:51,625
...President Roosevelt
said that the Japanese
387
00:44:51,708 --> 00:44:54,416
have attacked
the Pearl Harbor from the air.
388
00:44:54,500 --> 00:44:55,416
I'll repeat that.
389
00:44:55,500 --> 00:44:58,166
President Roosevelt
says that the Japanese
390
00:44:58,250 --> 00:45:01,208
have attacked
Pearl Harbor in Hawaii from the air.
391
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,000
[subdued theme music playing]