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This is The Americas,
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an extraordinary journey
across Earth's great supercontinent.
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The widest variety of life on the planet.
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The untold story...
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...of our home.
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{\an8}Tonight on The Americas...
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Patagonia.
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Patagonia is an untamed wilderness
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at the far south of the world.
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From ancient mystical forests...
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and sky-high ice worlds...
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...to the bountiful coast.
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This is a world
of both rugged beauty and...
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...dramatic change.
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Here,
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all life must do battle...
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...at the very end of the supercontinent.
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Patagonia straddles both Chile in the west
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and Argentina to the east.
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Its most southerly point
lies only 600 miles from Antarctica,
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a place where three great oceans collide.
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Here, the island of Los Estados
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is a vital refuge...
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for the world's most devoted parents,
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rockhopper penguins.
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Every spring, over a quarter
of a million come ashore,
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all hoping to raise a family.
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Couples pair for life
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and return to the same nest
year after year.
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They take turns caring for their chicks.
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And today,
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Dad is on duty.
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His chick is just a few days old.
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And it's hungry.
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But there is no food here.
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The chick must wait for Mom
to return with a meal.
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And she is on her way.
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But getting ashore means risking her life.
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On this jagged coast,
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there is no easy landing.
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Looks like she made it.
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A sea lion.
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A penguin predator.
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There is no match
for a mother's determination.
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To get home, however,
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there's still a mountain to climb,
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literally.
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And with a belly full of krill,
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it's slow going.
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One wrong step, and...
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it's back to square one.
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But Mom's not called
a rockhopper penguin for nothing.
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Strong claws...
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and a sharp beak
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are put to good use.
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Now, she just needs to find her partner.
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One somewhere
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amongst hundreds of thousands of penguins.
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Her partner's unique call...
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...helps guide her to him.
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Reunited.
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And at last, it's dinner time.
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Only the courageous
can raise a family down here.
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And tomorrow, they must do it all again.
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{\an8}From Cape Horn,
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Patagonia's towering, rocky backbone
runs north for over a thousand miles.
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The weather is ferocious
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and unpredictable.
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Yet, the symbol of Patagonia's mountains
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calls this place home.
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In Patagonia's mountains,
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it can seem like all four seasons
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in one day.
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Life here is as hard as it gets.
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This is a female puma,
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known as "Petaca."
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She's an experienced hunter.
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But since the sudden arrival of snow,
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it's been difficult for her
to make a kill.
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A guanaco could feed her for a week.
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But to succeed,
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she will need to get close.
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In the snow,
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she's lost her camouflage.
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So she must use whatever cover
she can find.
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Now speed is her only hope.
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But in this deep snow,
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she is no match for the guanaco.
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She'll go hungry today.
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And so will her cubs.
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At just four months old,
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they are entirely dependent on Mom.
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They need a change in their fortunes.
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And in these mountains,
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change...
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is never far away.
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Within days,
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the snow disappears.
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Now Petaca has her camouflage back.
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And her speed.
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She must get a firm grip on the neck.
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If she gets it wrong,
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a single kick could be fatal.
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It's now been a week
since Petaca and her cubs last ate.
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On the wind...
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...a scent.
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A carcass.
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But it belongs to someone else.
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Conflict with another puma
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could be deadly.
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Petaca is taking a huge risk.
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But this is no stranger.
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It's Petaca's older sister
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with her two larger cubs.
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And she seems happy to share.
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Pumas have long been considered solitary.
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But rarely-seen encounters like these
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reveal that they are far more social
than we once thought.
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Petaca's cubs aren't sure
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what to make of their cousins just yet.
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But there is a lesson to be learned here.
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A family that shares
can provide a lifeline
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in Patagonia's hostile mountains.
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Mountains that have been carved
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by a colossal force.
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Glaciers.
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Monsters on the move.
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This is San Rafael.
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And for a glacier,
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this one moves fast.
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It travels more than 60 feet a day.
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Millions of tons of ice break away.
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Some slabs are the size of a skyscraper.
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Glaciers are so powerful,
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they can cut through solid rock.
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And they've sliced Patagonia's coast
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into over 40,000 islands,
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creating isolated lost worlds.
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Home...
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to the weird and the wonderful.
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Patagonia's west coast
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is cloaked in ancient forests.
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It's a strange legacy of the Jurassic.
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And there are certainly
strange creatures here
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found nowhere else on Earth.
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Perhaps the most bizarre...
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is the Chilean stag beetle.
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These aren't antlers.
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They are, in fact, giant jaws.
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The bigger they are,
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the greater his chances of winning a mate.
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But first, he has to find one.
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Microscopic hairs can detect
the scent of a female.
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And it seems there is one...
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all the way up here.
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Three, two, one.
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We have liftoff.
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These beetles are known as "flying deer."
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You can see why.
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And it's hard to gain any altitude.
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Looks like he's got to do it the hard way.
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It's a hundred feet to the top,
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the equivalent of you or I trying to scale
the Empire State Building...
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twice over.
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Finally,
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there she is.
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But he's not the only one attracted
by her scent.
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A rival.
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It's time to put these jaws into action.
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And it seems his opponent
has the upper hand.
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Has his rival got it in the bag?
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Not yet!
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We have a winner.
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But it could be short-lived.
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A female is a magnet for dozens of males.
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Time to get back into the ring.
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It's win or go home.
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After all that,
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he just has to summon up
the energy to reach her.
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Mating complete.
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She now needs to lay her eggs
on the forest floor.
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And he can help her get there.
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Turns out, these jaws
aren't just for fighting.
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Journeying east,
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mountains strip the clouds of moisture.
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Creating a stark, arid heart.
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This is the Patagonian Steppe.
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And it's home to living dinosaurs.
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The Patagonian Steppe
stretches 260,000 square miles,
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nearly the size of Texas.
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There is so little shelter
from the elements
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that many here seek sanctuary underground.
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But some are way too big for that.
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A Darwin's rhea,
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South America's answer to the ostrich.
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Three feet tall,
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it's one of the largest birds
in the world.
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And this super-sized male
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is father to a super-sized family.
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Most birds share parenting duties.
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But with rheas,
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things are different.
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After laying the eggs,
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the females leave.
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So it's up to Dad to raise the family...
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alone.
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And he's not the only one out here.
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All across the plains,
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dedicated dads are on duty
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around the clock.
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For 40 days and 40 nights,
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they barely move.
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By late spring,
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Dad's efforts have been rewarded.
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Fourteen healthy chicks.
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Now the real work begins.
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It will be six months
before his chicks are independent.
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And they have a lot to learn,
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like what's good to eat,
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and how to keep well-groomed.
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But the most important lesson
is to stick together.
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Out here, it's easy to get lost.
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And keen-eyed hawks
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would soon grab a lone chick.
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This neighbor has only three chicks left.
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And for our dad,
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it's a warning.
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Keep your family close.
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What is that?
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It's a distress call.
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From a chick.
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But not one of his.
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That's no problem for this super dad.
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Male rheas have such
strong paternal instinct
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that if they find any lost chick,
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they will adopt it
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on the spot.
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And when you already have 14,
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well, what's another one?
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The summer in the Patagonian Steppe
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brings ferocious westerly winds.
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Gusts of over 70 miles per hour
scour the land,
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triggering events so large,
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they can be seen from space.
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Dust storms.
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They rage for hundreds of miles,
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until they reach
Patagonia's Atlantic Coast.
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Millions of tons of iron-rich dust
are swept into the ocean,
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flooding it with nutrients.
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And fueling life
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on an astonishing scale.
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Patagonia's rich seas attract giants.
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Weighing over four tons,
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these are the largest seals on Earth.
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Fully grown bulls
are the size of a pickup truck.
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But it's their colossal trunk-like nose
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that has earned them their name...
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...elephant seals.
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Sixty thousand gather
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on the remote shores
of Peninsula Valdes to breed.
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But only the most dominant bulls
have the right to mate.
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Meet the undefeated heavyweight
champion...
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...the beachmaster.
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For two months,
he's guarded his harem from rivals.
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And not surprisingly,
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he's exhausted.
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But he can never really rest.
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A contender is trying his luck
with one of the females.
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The beachmaster sounds a warning.
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His huge nose amplifies
the sound to 130 decibels.
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It's as loud as a jackhammer.
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But it's not enough to deter his opponent.
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Time for this beachmaster
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to throw his weight around.
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Both bulls stand ten feet tall
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and are armed with razor-sharp teeth.
277
00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:50,359
The beachmaster is paying the price
for enduring months of fighting.
278
00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:03,959
He's flagging.
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00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:10,919
Defeat would mean losing everything.
280
00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:29,360
One final push...
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00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:41,520
...forces his opponent back out to sea.
282
00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:51,040
He's the winner today.
283
00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:57,720
But there are deadlier challenges
on the way.
284
00:35:03,520 --> 00:35:06,639
Patagonia's Atlantic Coast
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00:35:06,640 --> 00:35:10,400
draws the ocean's smartest predator.
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00:35:12,280 --> 00:35:13,439
Orca.
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00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:24,520
Here, they have learned
to do something hardly ever seen...
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00:35:34,880 --> 00:35:37,960
...to hunt seals on dry land.
289
00:35:41,040 --> 00:35:42,879
Along this coast,
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00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:47,800
this orca is one of only 16
known to hunt this way.
291
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:52,880
Scientists have named her "Jasmine."
292
00:36:10,600 --> 00:36:16,319
She is the matriarch responsible
for a family of growing adolescents
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00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:19,399
and now, a grandchild as well.
294
00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:28,880
The teenagers need to start
earning their keep.
295
00:36:34,960 --> 00:36:37,800
But Patagonia's exposed coast
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00:36:38,560 --> 00:36:41,120
is no place for a beginner.
297
00:36:46,400 --> 00:36:48,159
Luckily, Jasmine knows
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00:36:48,160 --> 00:36:50,480
the perfect training ground.
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00:36:57,600 --> 00:36:59,080
Caleta Valdes,
300
00:37:00,120 --> 00:37:04,520
a lagoon protected from the open ocean
by vast sand banks.
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00:37:07,720 --> 00:37:09,600
Here, the water is calm.
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00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:22,680
And there is plenty of prey.
303
00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:27,080
Young elephant seals.
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00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:42,880
The orca students
might be eager to get started,
305
00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:48,320
but no one is quite sure what to do.
306
00:37:56,800 --> 00:37:59,439
They need to learn the trick,
307
00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:02,600
how to actually reach the seals.
308
00:38:05,440 --> 00:38:08,120
So that is today's first lesson.
309
00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:13,799
Under Jasmine's supervision,
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00:38:13,800 --> 00:38:17,040
the students launch themselves
onto shore...
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00:38:23,440 --> 00:38:26,440
...each time edging a little higher.
312
00:38:32,200 --> 00:38:34,599
But you get it wrong,
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00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:36,440
and you could end up stuck.
314
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:44,680
Jasmine knows just what to do,
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00:38:45,400 --> 00:38:47,640
and comes to the rescue.
316
00:38:56,920 --> 00:38:58,080
Next,
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00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:00,599
target practice.
318
00:39:15,080 --> 00:39:18,279
Now to try the real thing.
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00:39:30,600 --> 00:39:31,599
Close.
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00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:41,800
Not close enough.
321
00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:50,360
There is just one more skill to master.
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00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:58,680
How to conceal that giant dorsal fin
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00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:04,080
and learn the art of disappearing.
324
00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:12,960
Turning on her side,
Jasmine demonstrates just how.
325
00:40:28,280 --> 00:40:32,400
Every hunt needs an element of surprise.
326
00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:03,160
The youngsters will still need
plenty more practice.
327
00:41:06,680 --> 00:41:10,160
But Jasmine is passing her knowledge
328
00:41:11,080 --> 00:41:13,320
on to the next generation.
329
00:41:18,600 --> 00:41:19,879
And for now,
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00:41:19,880 --> 00:41:22,400
it's time to celebrate.
331
00:41:25,960 --> 00:41:28,240
For all life in Patagonia,
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00:41:28,960 --> 00:41:32,439
conquering the elements
can unlock the riches
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00:41:32,440 --> 00:41:35,080
of this bountiful land.
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00:41:37,840 --> 00:41:40,680
The last great wilderness
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00:41:41,680 --> 00:41:43,279
in the Americas.