1
00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Downloaded from
YTS.MX

2
00:00:07,841 --> 00:00:10,552
[scanner beeping]

3
00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000
Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

4
00:00:16,057 --> 00:00:17,809
[scanner beeping]

5
00:00:18,393 --> 00:00:21,062
You know, we're told to eat healthy,

6
00:00:21,146 --> 00:00:24,858
to sort of shop the perimeters
of the grocery stores,

7
00:00:24,941 --> 00:00:27,193
but I think what a lot
of people don't realize

8
00:00:27,277 --> 00:00:31,614
is… this also may be the riskiest areas.

9
00:00:31,698 --> 00:00:33,700
[somber music plays]

10
00:00:37,912 --> 00:00:39,622
You know, when I look around,

11
00:00:39,706 --> 00:00:43,752
I probably see 10, 15 different items.

12
00:00:43,835 --> 00:00:47,297
The product's been contaminated,
or I sued companies on behalf of victims.

13
00:00:47,380 --> 00:00:49,382
[suspenseful music plays]

14
00:00:53,595 --> 00:00:57,182
[chuckles] I've litigated plenty of cases
of romaine lettuce.

15
00:00:57,265 --> 00:01:00,185
Cut fruit, you know, countless outbreaks.

16
00:01:00,268 --> 00:01:01,436
Cut cantaloupe.

17
00:01:01,519 --> 00:01:02,520
Strawberries.

18
00:01:02,604 --> 00:01:03,646
Caramel apples.

19
00:01:03,730 --> 00:01:06,274
Tomatoes. Onions. Cookie dough.

20
00:01:06,357 --> 00:01:08,068
The Similac infant formula.

21
00:01:08,151 --> 00:01:09,360
Lucky Charms.

22
00:01:09,444 --> 00:01:13,239
Chicken, you know, all these products
are likely contaminated.

23
00:01:13,323 --> 00:01:15,325
[suspenseful music continues]

24
00:01:18,078 --> 00:01:21,998
It starts to feel, though, like nothing
is safe, and you can't eat. Right?

25
00:01:22,082 --> 00:01:26,461
Yeah, I mean, you know, the industry,
they send us these mixed messages.

26
00:01:26,544 --> 00:01:29,130
They want us to buy their product,

27
00:01:29,214 --> 00:01:34,052
but they ultimately don't want
to be responsible… for what they produce.

28
00:01:34,135 --> 00:01:35,095
Until I show up.

29
00:01:35,678 --> 00:01:39,432
["On the Beautiful Blue Danube"
by Balfe, Emanuel & Kofsky plays]

30
00:01:43,353 --> 00:01:47,732
We have by far the safest food supply
in the entire world.

31
00:01:47,816 --> 00:01:50,068
[woman 1] The safest food supply
in the world.

32
00:01:50,151 --> 00:01:52,278
Let's remember one thing,
we have the safest food supply

33
00:01:52,362 --> 00:01:54,155
in the world right here in the US.

34
00:01:54,239 --> 00:01:57,325
[reporter 1] The FDA is investigating
a hepatitis A outbreak,

35
00:01:57,408 --> 00:01:59,702
possibly linked
to organic fresh strawberries.

36
00:01:59,786 --> 00:02:01,830
A multistate salmonella outbreak.

37
00:02:01,913 --> 00:02:05,667
Health experts believe it is linked
to some Jif peanut butter products.

38
00:02:05,750 --> 00:02:08,378
[reporter 2] The recalls come
after at least two infant deaths

39
00:02:08,461 --> 00:02:11,798
and several illnesses
were potentially tied to formula.

40
00:02:11,881 --> 00:02:15,635
[reporter 3] A variety of brands
of raw cake mix have infected 16 people,

41
00:02:15,718 --> 00:02:17,846
one of which
developed a type of kidney failure.

42
00:02:17,929 --> 00:02:21,266
[woman 2] We talk about our food supply
being the safest in the world,

43
00:02:21,349 --> 00:02:22,517
and I believe it is.

44
00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:26,437
[reporter 4] People reported getting sick,
being hospitalized for liver dysfunction,

45
00:02:26,521 --> 00:02:29,440
and even having their gallbladders removed
in some cases.

46
00:02:29,524 --> 00:02:32,068
[reporter 5]
One in four pieces of raw chicken

47
00:02:32,152 --> 00:02:34,320
is contaminated with salmonella.

48
00:02:34,404 --> 00:02:37,115
[reporter 6] The CDC announced
another E. coli outbreak

49
00:02:37,198 --> 00:02:38,449
is impacting romaine lettuce.

50
00:02:38,533 --> 00:02:41,911
We have the safest food supply
in the world.

51
00:02:41,995 --> 00:02:44,038
[reporter 7] Melons from a Colorado farm

52
00:02:44,122 --> 00:02:46,833
are contaminated
with what is called "listeria."

53
00:02:46,916 --> 00:02:49,711
[reporter 8] Every four minutes,
someone is rushed to the hospital

54
00:02:49,794 --> 00:02:51,629
because the food they ate made them sick.

55
00:02:51,713 --> 00:02:54,716
We must continue to have
the safest food supply in the world.

56
00:02:54,799 --> 00:02:56,092
Safest food in the world.

57
00:02:56,176 --> 00:02:57,719
[man 1] Safest food supply in the world.

58
00:02:57,802 --> 00:02:58,845
Safest food supply.

59
00:02:58,928 --> 00:03:00,597
[woman 3] Safest food supply in the world.

60
00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:04,851
[man 2] We have the best, most efficient,
safest food supply in the entire world.

61
00:03:04,934 --> 00:03:06,686
By golly, we need to keep it that way.

62
00:03:06,769 --> 00:03:10,982
["On the Beautiful Blue Danube"
by Balfe, Emanuel & Kofsky ends]

63
00:03:13,359 --> 00:03:15,987
[news theme music plays]

64
00:03:16,070 --> 00:03:18,948
[announcer] Now, live at 11 o'clock.

65
00:03:19,032 --> 00:03:21,910
The warning tonight from health officials
here in the Northwest.

66
00:03:21,993 --> 00:03:24,954
They say you should be on the lookout
for a life-threatening illness

67
00:03:25,038 --> 00:03:26,414
that's cropping up in our area.

68
00:03:26,497 --> 00:03:27,665
Forty-five people are…

69
00:03:27,749 --> 00:03:30,668
[Bill] I actually remember this
like it was yesterday.

70
00:03:31,252 --> 00:03:33,254
[somber music plays]

71
00:03:37,383 --> 00:03:41,804
There was an E. coli outbreak
in the state of Washington

72
00:03:41,888 --> 00:03:43,973
linked to something unknown.

73
00:03:47,518 --> 00:03:49,354
[man] The whole problem started

74
00:03:49,437 --> 00:03:55,318
when a pediatric infectious-disease
specialist called me and said,

75
00:03:55,401 --> 00:03:59,197
"I've got 11 people who I've seen

76
00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:03,826
in about 30 hours with E. coli O157."

77
00:04:03,910 --> 00:04:06,621
I've never seen anything like this before.

78
00:04:06,704 --> 00:04:09,415
And that was a big red light for me

79
00:04:09,499 --> 00:04:12,210
that something bad was going on.

80
00:04:12,293 --> 00:04:15,713
[reporter 1] Seven new cases
of E. coli poisoning were confirmed…

81
00:04:15,797 --> 00:04:17,924
[reporter 2]
…E. coli patients remain hospitalized.

82
00:04:18,007 --> 00:04:20,969
[reporter 3] There are 21 kids
in Western Washington hospitals.

83
00:04:21,052 --> 00:04:24,430
Some experts say
it's all about to get worse.

84
00:04:24,514 --> 00:04:26,683
[John] We had no idea that it would be

85
00:04:26,766 --> 00:04:29,936
the largest foodborne outbreak
in the United States.

86
00:04:33,314 --> 00:04:35,191
[somber music plays]

87
00:04:35,275 --> 00:04:37,235
[man] I had just transferred
from active duty.

88
00:04:37,318 --> 00:04:39,570
I was a nuclear engineer
on a submarine in the Navy.

89
00:04:40,863 --> 00:04:42,240
I had a wife.

90
00:04:42,323 --> 00:04:46,286
I had a nine-year-old son
and a 16-month-old son at the time.

91
00:04:47,996 --> 00:04:52,208
There had already been some news--
Some rumblings about an E. coli outbreak.

92
00:04:53,084 --> 00:04:55,712
But it didn't mean anything to me.
I never heard of E. coli.

93
00:04:55,795 --> 00:04:57,255
"What's the worst that could happen?"

94
00:04:57,338 --> 00:04:59,882
E. coli poisoning is a fairly new illness.

95
00:04:59,966 --> 00:05:04,512
Not much is known about why the bacteria
causes some people to get so sick.

96
00:05:04,595 --> 00:05:07,890
Mr. Kobayashi, can you tell us, uh,
the concern seems to be with secondary…

97
00:05:07,974 --> 00:05:12,687
[John] A big part of the outbreak
was explaining what E. coli O157 was.

98
00:05:12,770 --> 00:05:18,484
I felt like I was, uh, Tony Fauci
for a couple of weeks. [chuckles]

99
00:05:18,568 --> 00:05:23,990
The average incubation period for most,
uh, people is three to four days.

100
00:05:24,073 --> 00:05:29,412
The problem is that it can take up to
nine days before a person becomes ill.

101
00:05:29,495 --> 00:05:34,000
The mainstay of disease prevention,
uh, for this type of illness

102
00:05:34,083 --> 00:05:36,878
is thorough washing of hands,
uh, either when…

103
00:05:36,961 --> 00:05:40,882
E. coli is a general category of bacteria,

104
00:05:40,965 --> 00:05:46,095
and they're natural inhabitants
of everybody's intestines.

105
00:05:46,971 --> 00:05:50,308
There are
many, many different kinds of E. coli.

106
00:05:50,391 --> 00:05:52,310
Most don't do any harm at all.

107
00:05:53,353 --> 00:05:56,689
But there are certain ones,
like E. coli O157,

108
00:05:56,773 --> 00:05:58,441
that can make you real sick.

109
00:05:58,524 --> 00:06:00,401
[tense music plays]

110
00:06:00,485 --> 00:06:02,195
Within a couple of days,

111
00:06:02,278 --> 00:06:07,700
it became clear that it was linked
to Jack in the Box undercooked hamburgers.

112
00:06:07,784 --> 00:06:11,371
More than 150 people have become ill
after eating tainted hamburger meat

113
00:06:11,454 --> 00:06:14,374
at Jack in the Box restaurants
in Idaho and Washington State.

114
00:06:14,457 --> 00:06:15,917
One child has died.

115
00:06:17,210 --> 00:06:19,962
So one of the big problems
with E. coli O157

116
00:06:20,046 --> 00:06:22,256
is they produce
what's called a Shiga toxin.

117
00:06:23,424 --> 00:06:27,095
They get into the gut
and then start pumping out this toxin,

118
00:06:27,178 --> 00:06:31,474
and that toxin gets into the blood,
and that will kill blood cells,

119
00:06:31,557 --> 00:06:35,269
and then those lysed blood cells end up
causing organ failure,

120
00:06:35,353 --> 00:06:36,854
the kidneys to shut down.

121
00:06:37,980 --> 00:06:40,191
And that's how kids die.

122
00:06:41,359 --> 00:06:44,987
There are now more than 312 cases
in our state alone.

123
00:06:45,071 --> 00:06:46,989
And today there was another death.

124
00:06:47,990 --> 00:06:51,035
So when the Jack in the Box case hit,

125
00:06:51,619 --> 00:06:54,831
I was my fourth year out of law school.

126
00:06:54,914 --> 00:06:56,332
I was 34 years old.

127
00:06:57,667 --> 00:07:02,130
I got a phone call
from a former client of mine

128
00:07:02,213 --> 00:07:06,426
who had a friend whose daughter,
Brianne Kiner, was in the hospital.

129
00:07:08,177 --> 00:07:10,263
They asked me to go meet with them.

130
00:07:10,346 --> 00:07:14,434
She'd been hospitalized for, you know,
four and a half, five months by then.

131
00:07:14,517 --> 00:07:17,311
There's so many mechanical things going on

132
00:07:17,395 --> 00:07:20,731
and wires going into her
and tubes going into her.

133
00:07:21,274 --> 00:07:25,111
And I walked out of the room.
I was crying.

134
00:07:25,194 --> 00:07:28,322
Because it was just really difficult,
you know?

135
00:07:28,406 --> 00:07:31,075
It's difficult even today
to think about, you know,

136
00:07:31,159 --> 00:07:32,827
Brianne in that situation.

137
00:07:32,910 --> 00:07:35,788
You know, she was… she was so vulnerable.

138
00:07:35,872 --> 00:07:38,124
And she just ate a freakin' hamburger.

139
00:07:38,207 --> 00:07:40,585
[tense music continues]

140
00:07:40,668 --> 00:07:45,047
The board of directors of Jack in the Box
is ordering a full investigation

141
00:07:45,131 --> 00:07:46,674
into the deadly mistake.

142
00:07:47,175 --> 00:07:49,510
The investigators
and the health department,

143
00:07:50,428 --> 00:07:53,806
they were able to determine
that my kid got sick from this other kid

144
00:07:53,890 --> 00:07:55,224
at the daycare center.

145
00:07:57,101 --> 00:08:00,396
[reporter] Children's Hospital
is treating 18 children this evening,

146
00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:02,023
four of whom got E. coli

147
00:08:02,106 --> 00:08:04,609
not from hamburgers but from someone else,

148
00:08:04,692 --> 00:08:06,194
a secondary infection.

149
00:08:06,277 --> 00:08:08,196
[heart monitor beeping]

150
00:08:09,238 --> 00:08:11,949
[Darin] All of a sudden,
there were two new doctors that came in.

151
00:08:12,450 --> 00:08:14,702
They announced that they believed

152
00:08:14,785 --> 00:08:17,371
he had developed
what's called hemolytic uremic syndrome.

153
00:08:18,289 --> 00:08:20,374
Which essentially is,

154
00:08:20,458 --> 00:08:22,251
when it gets so bad,

155
00:08:22,335 --> 00:08:26,756
the E. coli basically was eating him away
from the inside.

156
00:08:26,839 --> 00:08:29,509
That it was one organ after another.

157
00:08:30,718 --> 00:08:34,972
I remember saving newspaper clippings,
thinking someday I'll be able to

158
00:08:36,599 --> 00:08:38,893
communicate with my son and tell him how…

159
00:08:40,603 --> 00:08:41,938
how brave he was

160
00:08:42,897 --> 00:08:45,775
and how proud I was of him.

161
00:08:48,236 --> 00:08:51,113
[reporter] I'd like to introduce
Vicki and Darin Detwiler,

162
00:08:51,197 --> 00:08:54,575
whose 16-month-old son remains
in critical condition

163
00:08:54,659 --> 00:08:56,536
at Tacoma's Mary Bridge Hospital.

164
00:08:56,619 --> 00:08:58,371
My question to you now is,

165
00:08:58,454 --> 00:09:01,374
what are you prepared to do
in regards to the tainted-meat problem?

166
00:09:01,457 --> 00:09:06,003
First of all, we've got to make it clear
to people who are providing fast food

167
00:09:06,087 --> 00:09:09,674
that they've got to do everything they can
to comply with our cooking regulations…

168
00:09:09,757 --> 00:09:12,677
[John] The regulation in the United States

169
00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:19,016
was that hamburger should be cooked
to at least 140 degrees.

170
00:09:19,100 --> 00:09:20,309
[thermometer beeping]

171
00:09:20,393 --> 00:09:22,186
In Washington State,

172
00:09:22,270 --> 00:09:28,067
we had changed that law
to 155 degrees because we noticed

173
00:09:28,150 --> 00:09:31,529
that many of the people with O157

174
00:09:31,612 --> 00:09:33,948
had eaten poorly cooked hamburger.

175
00:09:35,366 --> 00:09:37,660
[reporter] There's been lots
of attention on this story,

176
00:09:37,743 --> 00:09:40,246
but I think there is still some confusion.

177
00:09:40,830 --> 00:09:44,208
Was it undercooking or contaminated beef
that caused the problem?

178
00:09:44,292 --> 00:09:49,630
Barry, I think that some of that confusion
has been probably from industry statements

179
00:09:49,714 --> 00:09:54,010
trying to avoid some of the blame
for this. The answer is both.

180
00:09:54,093 --> 00:09:57,722
The company was not following
the procedure

181
00:09:57,805 --> 00:10:00,933
that was required
by the state of Washington,

182
00:10:01,017 --> 00:10:03,227
which the company said
they didn't know anything about.

183
00:10:04,061 --> 00:10:05,646
[reporter] Do you believe, in retrospect,

184
00:10:05,730 --> 00:10:09,567
that Jack in the Box chose not to pay
attention to certain things, like the law?

185
00:10:10,651 --> 00:10:12,570
No, I don't believe that at all.

186
00:10:12,653 --> 00:10:16,282
We would never
choose not to pay attention to the law.

187
00:10:17,199 --> 00:10:20,620
Why… why would a company choose
not to pay attention to the law?

188
00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:23,748
[tense music plays]

189
00:10:24,790 --> 00:10:30,296
[Bill] During discovery, they dumped on me
about a million pages of documents.

190
00:10:31,047 --> 00:10:35,801
I am pretty confident that they thought
that I wouldn't go through them,

191
00:10:35,885 --> 00:10:39,013
but we started finding things
that were really interesting.

192
00:10:39,930 --> 00:10:42,391
An employee of Jack in the Box

193
00:10:42,475 --> 00:10:46,479
sent a letter in the suggestion box
to corporate headquarters saying,

194
00:10:46,562 --> 00:10:50,691
"Hey, we're undercooking our hamburgers,
and we're having customer complaints."

195
00:10:51,567 --> 00:10:55,196
And then you could see
the real paper trail.

196
00:10:55,821 --> 00:10:59,325
Not only did they receive
the new regulations

197
00:10:59,408 --> 00:11:01,994
from the state of Washington
for increased cook times

198
00:11:02,787 --> 00:11:05,539
but that they actually thought about it

199
00:11:05,623 --> 00:11:08,793
and made the decision
to essentially ignore it.

200
00:11:08,876 --> 00:11:13,756
[tense music continues, ends]

201
00:11:13,839 --> 00:11:15,257
Once I had that,

202
00:11:16,842 --> 00:11:21,764
I called up the lawyer for Jack in the Box
and said, you know, "You're done."

203
00:11:21,847 --> 00:11:25,851
Jack in the Box now admits
it misplaced a Washington State advisory

204
00:11:25,935 --> 00:11:29,897
directing that all hamburgers
must be cooked at 155 degrees.

205
00:11:29,980 --> 00:11:32,483
Jack in the Box
says it found the advisory when…

206
00:11:32,566 --> 00:11:36,028
As a parent, you try to protect your kids.

207
00:11:36,112 --> 00:11:40,533
And then something that's invisible
comes along that you don't know about,

208
00:11:40,616 --> 00:11:42,785
that you've never even heard of. [inhales]

209
00:11:45,246 --> 00:11:46,872
It's so devastating.

210
00:11:48,249 --> 00:11:51,919
Doctor says,
"You're gonna ask about second opinion

211
00:11:52,002 --> 00:11:56,716
and third opinion, but there's zero chance
of recovery at this point."

212
00:11:57,425 --> 00:12:01,178
That, uh, "There's been
so much organ damage,

213
00:12:01,262 --> 00:12:05,182
and we're not able
to get enough oxygen into him

214
00:12:05,266 --> 00:12:08,561
and that the amount of brain damage
at this point,

215
00:12:08,644 --> 00:12:11,105
keeping him on life support any longer

216
00:12:12,565 --> 00:12:15,234
would be… abusive."

217
00:12:15,818 --> 00:12:17,153
Um…

218
00:12:17,236 --> 00:12:19,822
"It's just…
it's not going to do anything."

219
00:12:21,323 --> 00:12:25,453
I asked them to take everything off
so I could hold him for a little while.

220
00:12:26,495 --> 00:12:30,583
And I actually had to get Dr. Crane
to come and… and check

221
00:12:30,666 --> 00:12:33,961
because somehow I kept thinking
that if I just held him close enough,

222
00:12:34,044 --> 00:12:37,465
that his heart would keep on beating
and that he'd keep on breathing.

223
00:12:38,257 --> 00:12:41,635
[sad music plays]

224
00:12:43,095 --> 00:12:44,638
[Marion] Four children died.

225
00:12:45,181 --> 00:12:46,891
I mean, can you imagine?

226
00:12:46,974 --> 00:12:50,644
They died from a hamburger
at Jack in the Box.

227
00:12:51,312 --> 00:12:56,025
If you're the parent of one of those kids,
this is beyond your comprehension.

228
00:12:56,108 --> 00:13:01,655
And I have to say
that E. coli O157 deaths are pretty awful.

229
00:13:02,198 --> 00:13:03,866
They're not nice deaths.

230
00:13:03,949 --> 00:13:06,911
[indistinct background chatter]

231
00:13:08,412 --> 00:13:12,500
[Darin] Jack in the Box lawyers met
with us and offered us a settlement

232
00:13:12,583 --> 00:13:16,045
that included essentially a gag order
that we could never talk about it.

233
00:13:16,128 --> 00:13:17,713
And I had already made the decision

234
00:13:17,797 --> 00:13:20,591
that there's no way I was gonna keep quiet
for the rest of my life

235
00:13:20,674 --> 00:13:23,177
about what was the cause
of my son's death.

236
00:13:23,260 --> 00:13:25,513
I couldn't handle the idea
of not doing anything,

237
00:13:25,596 --> 00:13:27,681
even if that meant
that I needed to change careers.

238
00:13:27,765 --> 00:13:30,226
I am a professor and assistant dean

239
00:13:30,309 --> 00:13:33,854
focused on regulatory affairs
of food and food industries…

240
00:13:33,938 --> 00:13:36,982
[off camera] I teach about food safety
and food policy as a professor.

241
00:13:37,066 --> 00:13:38,400
I teach grad students.

242
00:13:38,484 --> 00:13:44,281
I had to try to do something to prevent
others from being in the same situation.

243
00:13:44,990 --> 00:13:45,991
Good evening, everyone.

244
00:13:46,075 --> 00:13:49,453
It's the largest personal injury
settlement ever in our state.

245
00:13:49,537 --> 00:13:51,997
It looks like the parent company
for Jack in the Box restaurants

246
00:13:52,081 --> 00:13:55,292
will have to pay millions of dollars
for serving undercooked hamburgers.

247
00:13:55,376 --> 00:13:58,379
Settlement is expected to cost
Jack in the Box at least $10 million.

248
00:13:58,462 --> 00:13:59,839
$4.4 million.

249
00:13:59,922 --> 00:14:01,966
$15.6 million.

250
00:14:02,049 --> 00:14:07,847
We're very confident that, uh,
that money will be sufficient

251
00:14:07,930 --> 00:14:11,267
to care for Brianne over the course
of her life, however…

252
00:14:11,350 --> 00:14:14,478
[man] Bill Marler not only became
the most important attorney

253
00:14:14,562 --> 00:14:17,690
in terms of handling lawsuits
against the companies

254
00:14:17,773 --> 00:14:19,900
that are responsible for those outbreaks,

255
00:14:19,984 --> 00:14:22,736
but he's also become
a much larger advocate.

256
00:14:22,820 --> 00:14:25,531
I'm tired of visiting
with horribly sick kids

257
00:14:25,614 --> 00:14:27,825
who did not have to be sick
in the first place.

258
00:14:27,908 --> 00:14:28,826
I am outraged…

259
00:14:28,909 --> 00:14:31,203
He has become one of the dominant voices

260
00:14:31,287 --> 00:14:33,205
in food safety reform
in the United States,

261
00:14:33,289 --> 00:14:35,541
having started out
as a plaintiff's attorney.

262
00:14:36,834 --> 00:14:40,796
[interviewer] Specific to Jack in the Box,
how did the burgers get contaminated?

263
00:14:41,297 --> 00:14:44,174
[hesitates] So, we don't know exactly

264
00:14:44,258 --> 00:14:48,554
how the Jack in the Box hamburger
got contaminated,

265
00:14:48,637 --> 00:14:51,724
but, you know,
generally, we know how it happens.

266
00:14:51,807 --> 00:14:54,059
[tense music plays]

267
00:14:54,143 --> 00:14:56,979
It's usually in the slaughter facility.

268
00:14:57,730 --> 00:15:01,609
It's, uh, nicking of a gut
of a cow during slaughter.

269
00:15:03,611 --> 00:15:08,532
But the whole meat industry was premised
on the fact that the slaughterhouses

270
00:15:08,616 --> 00:15:13,704
and the beef packers could essentially do
whatever they wanted to do.

271
00:15:15,581 --> 00:15:18,125
And it was up to consumers

272
00:15:19,752 --> 00:15:22,963
to cook the E. coli out of the product.

273
00:15:23,547 --> 00:15:25,799
[birds chirping]

274
00:15:27,509 --> 00:15:31,805
If you buy a piece of steak,
that's a piece of meat from one animal.

275
00:15:32,765 --> 00:15:36,769
If there is E. coli, it's on the outside.
It's not in the middle.

276
00:15:36,852 --> 00:15:39,855
So searing the steak would help kill that.

277
00:15:41,482 --> 00:15:44,985
The problem is that
when you buy ground beef,

278
00:15:45,069 --> 00:15:48,489
you now take the outsides,
and they're part of the insides.

279
00:15:49,907 --> 00:15:52,743
[tense music continues]

280
00:15:52,826 --> 00:15:55,037
Not only are you bringing
all the animals together

281
00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:56,872
and slaughtering them
in the same facility,

282
00:15:56,956 --> 00:15:59,541
now you're taking chunks
of multiple animals,

283
00:15:59,625 --> 00:16:02,044
and you're grinding them up
into one big mess.

284
00:16:04,004 --> 00:16:08,717
[Marion] Hamburger, sometimes,
is the result of mixing meat

285
00:16:08,801 --> 00:16:11,804
from as many as 400 animals.

286
00:16:11,887 --> 00:16:14,640
[chuckling] Kind of awful to think about.

287
00:16:14,723 --> 00:16:18,936
If one of those animals
has this toxic form of E. coli,

288
00:16:19,019 --> 00:16:20,187
you're in trouble.

289
00:16:23,983 --> 00:16:26,360
[Bill] In the aftermath
of Jack in the Box,

290
00:16:26,443 --> 00:16:30,572
you know,
people from USDA met with victims,

291
00:16:30,656 --> 00:16:33,534
and, you know, the Clinton Administration,
to their credit,

292
00:16:33,617 --> 00:16:36,578
brought in people
who were pretty activist.

293
00:16:36,662 --> 00:16:37,705
Mike?

294
00:16:37,788 --> 00:16:39,999
[Bill] You know, Mike Taylor being one.

295
00:16:40,082 --> 00:16:42,710
We intend to reduce
the risk of foodborne illness

296
00:16:42,793 --> 00:16:45,713
associated with the consumption
of meat and poultry products

297
00:16:45,796 --> 00:16:48,090
to the maximum extent possible.

298
00:16:48,173 --> 00:16:49,216
[assistant] Thank you.

299
00:16:51,010 --> 00:16:54,596
[Mike] The official policy of the USDA was

300
00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:58,851
that this is not the responsibility
of the regulatory system or the industry.

301
00:16:58,934 --> 00:17:01,145
Consumers are expected
to cook these products

302
00:17:01,228 --> 00:17:02,730
and make them safe themselves.

303
00:17:02,813 --> 00:17:05,816
The bottom line
is that raw meat contains bacteria.

304
00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:08,527
And proper cooking kills bacteria.

305
00:17:09,570 --> 00:17:11,030
[Mike] To mothers that lost children,

306
00:17:11,113 --> 00:17:14,491
to people whose families
had been harmed by this outbreak,

307
00:17:14,575 --> 00:17:18,287
that was, uh, a shocking
and highly unacceptable revelation.

308
00:17:21,457 --> 00:17:25,711
We simply had to take action immediately
to try to change the dynamic.

309
00:17:25,794 --> 00:17:29,631
And so I did make the decision
that we would declare

310
00:17:29,715 --> 00:17:32,134
O157:H7 to be an adulterant,

311
00:17:32,217 --> 00:17:35,429
and raw ground beef in the marketplace
would be deemed illegal,

312
00:17:35,512 --> 00:17:39,016
and USDA could take action
to remove it quickly from the market.

313
00:17:39,725 --> 00:17:41,268
That was a big game changer.

314
00:17:41,351 --> 00:17:43,604
It meant that it can't be in the meat.

315
00:17:43,687 --> 00:17:47,066
If it was in the meat,
you had to pull it off the marketplace.

316
00:17:47,149 --> 00:17:49,151
[tense music plays]

317
00:17:50,986 --> 00:17:54,490
You know, the rates that you see today
are very minimal,

318
00:17:54,573 --> 00:17:58,786
and you rarely see an E. coli outbreak
involving ground beef,

319
00:17:58,869 --> 00:18:04,249
so it's a strong argument of just how much
those reforms had an impact.

320
00:18:04,333 --> 00:18:06,043
[tense music ends]

321
00:18:08,504 --> 00:18:09,838
[Bill] Thirty years ago,

322
00:18:10,380 --> 00:18:14,009
all the work that I did
was E. coli cases linked to hamburger.

323
00:18:14,093 --> 00:18:16,512
[inhales] Today, that's zero.

324
00:18:16,595 --> 00:18:18,722
I mean, it's a success story.

325
00:18:18,806 --> 00:18:20,808
[suspenseful music plays]

326
00:18:27,481 --> 00:18:30,234
It used to be the biggest E. coli threat
was from hamburgers.

327
00:18:30,317 --> 00:18:33,445
So you'd think, "Okay, as long as
I don't eat hamburgers, I'm okay."

328
00:18:33,529 --> 00:18:36,198
And the CDC with a warning this afternoon

329
00:18:36,281 --> 00:18:39,076
about an E. coli outbreak
linked to baby spinach.

330
00:18:39,159 --> 00:18:41,245
[reporter 1]
Health officials are warning consumers

331
00:18:41,328 --> 00:18:44,748
to not eat
Josie's Organics organic baby spinach.

332
00:18:44,832 --> 00:18:49,253
[reporter 2] Several cases of E. coli
linked to organic power greens.

333
00:18:49,336 --> 00:18:52,005
[Christine] And now E. coli is

334
00:18:52,089 --> 00:18:56,468
by far, uh, caused by lettuce
more than ground beef.

335
00:18:56,552 --> 00:18:58,679
When you eat a hamburger,

336
00:18:58,762 --> 00:19:02,599
the most dangerous part of that
is not the burger.

337
00:19:02,683 --> 00:19:06,687
It's going to be the onion,
lettuce, and the tomatoes.

338
00:19:08,355 --> 00:19:10,357
-[birds chirping]
-[dog barks]

339
00:19:12,234 --> 00:19:16,530
You know, I've had bad potato salad
or something that was, you know…

340
00:19:17,156 --> 00:19:18,323
Just food poisoning

341
00:19:18,407 --> 00:19:22,286
was my idea
of what a foodborne illness is.

342
00:19:25,455 --> 00:19:28,709
[Candie] Stephanie came to me,
um, the morning we were leaving

343
00:19:28,792 --> 00:19:32,379
and just said, you know,
that she was feeling a little…

344
00:19:32,462 --> 00:19:36,216
Having some gas
and, you know, a little bit of diarrhea.

345
00:19:36,300 --> 00:19:40,888
But she just thought she was nervous,
and we didn't think anything of it at all.

346
00:19:40,971 --> 00:19:42,890
[Candie] One, two, three.

347
00:19:45,726 --> 00:19:47,019
[pilot] Ladies and gentlemen,

348
00:19:47,102 --> 00:19:49,605
let me be the first
to welcome you to Punta Cana.

349
00:19:49,688 --> 00:19:52,149
[Candie] When we got
to the Dominican Republic,

350
00:19:52,232 --> 00:19:54,026
and we were at the resort,

351
00:19:55,611 --> 00:19:58,697
she felt like she was feeling
a little bit better.

352
00:19:58,780 --> 00:20:00,073
She took a shower.

353
00:20:00,908 --> 00:20:04,411
But throughout the night, it progressed,
getting worse and worse,

354
00:20:04,494 --> 00:20:07,956
and that's when I realized
we needed to get some help.

355
00:20:11,335 --> 00:20:16,757
It was an absolute nightmare
of tests and doctors.

356
00:20:17,466 --> 00:20:21,470
They kept telling us, "She'll be better.
We'll give her these antibiotics."

357
00:20:21,553 --> 00:20:25,140
"She has this kind of bug.
She'll be back at the resort tomorrow."

358
00:20:25,224 --> 00:20:26,558
[camera shutter clicks]

359
00:20:26,642 --> 00:20:28,602
And then the next morning,

360
00:20:28,685 --> 00:20:30,896
when they let me go in to see her,

361
00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:33,065
she didn't recognize me.

362
00:20:33,148 --> 00:20:35,943
She was… she was pulling at her hair.

363
00:20:36,026 --> 00:20:38,111
[reporter speaking Spanish]

364
00:20:38,195 --> 00:20:40,072
I'm like, "She's having a seizure."

365
00:20:41,073 --> 00:20:45,827
Her kidneys had stopped functioning,
and she was having swelling of her brain.

366
00:20:45,911 --> 00:20:48,705
They made me leave,
and they all rushed in,

367
00:20:48,789 --> 00:20:52,167
and it was just like
from a bad… [chuckles, sniffles]

368
00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:53,460
A nightmare.

369
00:20:53,543 --> 00:20:54,795
Uh, the whole thing.

370
00:20:54,878 --> 00:20:57,089
The doctor pulled Candie aside
in a hallway

371
00:20:57,172 --> 00:20:59,675
and said, you know,
"You got to get her out of here."

372
00:21:00,259 --> 00:21:02,511
[indistinct chatter over radio]

373
00:21:02,594 --> 00:21:04,805
I immediately went home and contacted,

374
00:21:04,888 --> 00:21:08,517
you know, over a dozen,
uh, medevac, uh, operations

375
00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:10,727
and found one
that was gonna get her out immediately.

376
00:21:10,811 --> 00:21:13,272
[birds chirping]

377
00:21:14,022 --> 00:21:15,941
[Candie] It was then that next morning

378
00:21:16,024 --> 00:21:19,820
that they found the Shiga toxins
in her system

379
00:21:19,903 --> 00:21:22,823
to be able to say
it was definitely from E. coli.

380
00:21:22,906 --> 00:21:24,908
They said, "She might not make it
through the night."

381
00:21:24,992 --> 00:21:26,827
"Get your son back from San Francisco."

382
00:21:27,953 --> 00:21:31,123
A priest was there within a couple hours
to give her last rites.

383
00:21:32,624 --> 00:21:33,458
[inhales]

384
00:21:33,542 --> 00:21:37,087
[man] Stephanie's condition
rapidly deteriorated overnight

385
00:21:37,170 --> 00:21:39,006
in a very critical condition.

386
00:21:39,089 --> 00:21:41,633
I think she had
a few more hours to live, unfortunately.

387
00:21:41,717 --> 00:21:42,676
[camera shutter clicks]

388
00:21:42,759 --> 00:21:46,888
It is a very scary, uh, situation
where you have a perfectly healthy,

389
00:21:46,972 --> 00:21:51,226
athletic 17-year-old female
that goes on spring break,

390
00:21:52,227 --> 00:21:54,688
and 48 hours later, she's dying.

391
00:21:56,982 --> 00:21:59,234
[Scott] Stephanie had
an infectious disease doctor

392
00:21:59,318 --> 00:22:02,112
who had us, I mean,
basically, "Collect what you can."

393
00:22:02,195 --> 00:22:03,363
"Talk to all her friends."

394
00:22:03,447 --> 00:22:06,074
"Go through her bank statements
to find out what she ate."

395
00:22:06,158 --> 00:22:10,871
'Cause we're thinking whatever she--
This may play a role in saving her life.

396
00:22:10,954 --> 00:22:12,122
So we were thorough,

397
00:22:12,205 --> 00:22:14,499
thorough to find out everything,
you know, she ate

398
00:22:14,583 --> 00:22:16,668
over the, you know, previous week or two.

399
00:22:17,794 --> 00:22:21,923
Her friend who she ate at Panera with
sent us a snapshot…

400
00:22:22,007 --> 00:22:23,050
[camera shutter clicks]

401
00:22:23,133 --> 00:22:23,967
…of a sign.

402
00:22:24,051 --> 00:22:27,387
It wasn't until then that we put
two and two together. "Romaine lettuce?"

403
00:22:27,471 --> 00:22:28,847
[tense music plays]

404
00:22:28,930 --> 00:22:31,183
[reporter 1] Dozens of people
have ended up in the hospital

405
00:22:31,266 --> 00:22:33,060
with possible cases of E. coli.

406
00:22:33,143 --> 00:22:35,896
[reporter 2] Ninety-eight people
from 22 different states,

407
00:22:35,979 --> 00:22:40,442
making this the biggest multistate
E. coli outbreak in at least 12 years.

408
00:22:40,525 --> 00:22:43,695
[reporter 3]
The affected region is Yuma, Arizona.

409
00:22:43,779 --> 00:22:45,530
-[bird cawing]
-[tense music stops]

410
00:22:46,656 --> 00:22:48,992
[woman] Most of the lettuce
that we eat in the United States

411
00:22:49,076 --> 00:22:50,452
comes from two places.

412
00:22:51,370 --> 00:22:56,124
It comes from California's Central Valley,
and it comes from Yuma, Arizona.

413
00:22:58,168 --> 00:23:02,756
[Bill] The US is one of the top producers
and exporters of leafy greens.

414
00:23:02,839 --> 00:23:06,802
So that means that the lettuce grown
in Yuma and in Salinas

415
00:23:06,885 --> 00:23:08,678
is shipped all over the world.

416
00:23:10,389 --> 00:23:12,474
We're in a global food system

417
00:23:12,557 --> 00:23:15,560
where we're importing
and exporting food all over the place.

418
00:23:15,644 --> 00:23:19,606
So problems that occur here
can certainly be exported elsewhere.

419
00:23:19,689 --> 00:23:22,734
Bacteria don't care about borders.

420
00:23:22,818 --> 00:23:25,487
They don't care about import
and export restrictions.

421
00:23:27,948 --> 00:23:29,658
[woman] Consumers don't cook lettuce.

422
00:23:29,741 --> 00:23:33,036
There's no way to control that risk
in our kitchen. We eat it fresh.

423
00:23:33,995 --> 00:23:35,789
[Darin] So there's no kill step.

424
00:23:35,872 --> 00:23:39,042
You can clean it,
but you're still not truly killing.

425
00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:45,882
[Bill] And "organic" only means
that it uses less chemicals, pesticides.

426
00:23:46,675 --> 00:23:49,636
Organic simply doesn't mean pathogen-free.

427
00:23:52,764 --> 00:23:56,768
Explain how we get E. coli in greens.

428
00:23:56,852 --> 00:23:59,396
Right. So it's actually not
the lettuce's fault.

429
00:23:59,479 --> 00:24:02,274
-[Rachael] That's right. It really isn't.
-It's the livestock.

430
00:24:02,357 --> 00:24:06,611
[dramatic music plays]

431
00:24:13,034 --> 00:24:16,079
[Lance] How we raise animals
can fuel the growth of these bugs.

432
00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:18,331
So if we crowd the animals together,

433
00:24:18,415 --> 00:24:22,794
and you have one that's carrying
a really bad pathogen like E. coli O157,

434
00:24:22,878 --> 00:24:26,131
then they can poop those bacteria out.

435
00:24:27,007 --> 00:24:31,136
And then,
the shit from the cattle washes off

436
00:24:31,219 --> 00:24:34,514
into the streams or into canals,
irrigation canals,

437
00:24:35,307 --> 00:24:38,477
and then those can be used
to water these plants.

438
00:24:39,769 --> 00:24:41,730
You have this distribution system

439
00:24:41,813 --> 00:24:44,900
for these pathogens
from animals to produce.

440
00:24:50,447 --> 00:24:54,034
[Marion] The regulation
of animal waste is minimal.

441
00:24:55,494 --> 00:24:59,372
We have laws on the books,
but they're not enforced.

442
00:24:59,998 --> 00:25:02,292
That is an American scandal.

443
00:25:03,835 --> 00:25:05,837
[tense music plays]

444
00:25:13,553 --> 00:25:18,642
[Bill] What got Stephanie sick was
romaine lettuce grown in Yuma, Arizona,

445
00:25:19,226 --> 00:25:21,978
specifically in the Wellton Canal area,

446
00:25:22,687 --> 00:25:26,233
which happens to run right past
the concentrated feedlots.

447
00:25:37,786 --> 00:25:39,871
Those are land-use issues that,

448
00:25:39,955 --> 00:25:46,503
I think, are the things that FDA, USDA,
the federal government, state governments,

449
00:25:46,586 --> 00:25:48,880
Environmental Protection Agency,

450
00:25:48,964 --> 00:25:52,592
all of those entities haven't kind of come
to grips with that yet.

451
00:25:57,889 --> 00:26:00,976
[Lance] There are 15 federal agencies
that in one form or another,

452
00:26:01,059 --> 00:26:03,436
are tasked with food safety regulation.

453
00:26:04,563 --> 00:26:07,107
[Bill] The USDA primarily deals with meat.

454
00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:10,110
They were at the helm
of the Jack in the Box E. coli case.

455
00:26:10,193 --> 00:26:14,072
And the FDA deals with leafy greens,
like romaine and spinach.

456
00:26:14,656 --> 00:26:17,742
[tense music ends]

457
00:26:20,370 --> 00:26:22,372
-[assistant] Go ahead.
-[woman] Nice to meet you.

458
00:26:22,455 --> 00:26:24,624
-Do you care which side? You pick.
-[woman] No. I don't.

459
00:26:24,708 --> 00:26:26,209
Okay, I'll sit over here.

460
00:26:30,589 --> 00:26:32,173
[grunts] Great.

461
00:26:33,425 --> 00:26:34,551
[interviewer] Okay, we ready?

462
00:26:37,137 --> 00:26:40,890
What falls under your jurisdiction?
What falls under your jurisdiction?

463
00:26:40,974 --> 00:26:42,475
Sure, I'll start.

464
00:26:42,559 --> 00:26:49,065
USDA regulates meat and poultry products,
egg products, and catfish.

465
00:26:50,900 --> 00:26:55,155
And the FDA regulates, uh,
all foods involved in interstate commerce

466
00:26:55,238 --> 00:26:59,701
that Sandy didn't mention,
so it's about 80% of the US food system.

467
00:26:59,784 --> 00:27:03,038
It's a large responsibility
and one that we take very seriously.

468
00:27:04,456 --> 00:27:06,541
The regulatory framework

469
00:27:06,625 --> 00:27:09,336
we have in the world
of food safety is pretty complicated.

470
00:27:09,419 --> 00:27:12,672
Let's say you have a beef taco
that's made in a restaurant.

471
00:27:12,756 --> 00:27:14,049
[knife clanging]

472
00:27:14,841 --> 00:27:18,678
So the beef,
well, that's a USDA-regulated food.

473
00:27:18,762 --> 00:27:23,099
Cheese and any of the pico de gallo
that's on top of that,

474
00:27:23,642 --> 00:27:25,852
those are FDA-regulated foods.

475
00:27:26,603 --> 00:27:31,358
All of the making of that taco,
well, that's happening in a restaurant

476
00:27:31,441 --> 00:27:33,610
that's regulated
by the local health department.

477
00:27:33,693 --> 00:27:36,321
So it's a really complicated process.

478
00:27:36,404 --> 00:27:38,281
There's lots of different fingers

479
00:27:38,365 --> 00:27:42,160
that can be touching regulatory
on that taco.

480
00:27:44,746 --> 00:27:47,499
When there's a foodborne illness outbreak,

481
00:27:48,458 --> 00:27:52,671
no single agency is responsible.

482
00:27:53,672 --> 00:27:55,548
So there's a lot of finger-pointing.

483
00:27:56,341 --> 00:27:59,094
[interviewer]
Ms. Eskin, does the USDA do anything

484
00:27:59,177 --> 00:28:01,221
on these cattle operations

485
00:28:01,304 --> 00:28:05,141
to make sure animal waste
isn't getting into the irrigation water?

486
00:28:05,225 --> 00:28:11,064
We have no direct authority on any
of the production pieces of food animals…

487
00:28:11,147 --> 00:28:14,901
We are doing the best
that we can do with our authorities…

488
00:28:14,984 --> 00:28:17,612
We don't have that authority…
We do not have authority…

489
00:28:17,696 --> 00:28:19,739
Authority we have or don't have…

490
00:28:19,823 --> 00:28:22,075
[interviewer] Feels like a gap
in the system. Does it not?

491
00:28:22,617 --> 00:28:25,036
I think that's a question
you need to ask Congress…

492
00:28:25,120 --> 00:28:26,579
That's Congress's decision…

493
00:28:26,663 --> 00:28:29,791
The inspection process
has to be raised with Congress…

494
00:28:29,874 --> 00:28:31,000
It's not for us to say.

495
00:28:31,084 --> 00:28:33,920
It's really something
that has to come from Congress.

496
00:28:34,003 --> 00:28:36,506
[interviewer] To your response
that it's a question for Congress,

497
00:28:36,589 --> 00:28:40,635
would you support legislation
that gave USDA jurisdiction on the farm?

498
00:28:41,261 --> 00:28:44,889
I'm not in a position
to endorse legislation.

499
00:28:44,973 --> 00:28:48,643
As the regulatory body,
that's not our lane.

500
00:28:50,395 --> 00:28:54,774
[interviewer] Mr. Yiannas, what is
the FDA doing to solve the problem,

501
00:28:54,858 --> 00:28:56,860
and should consumers be satisfied?

502
00:28:56,943 --> 00:29:01,239
We believe that the FDA,
as well as the entire food industry,

503
00:29:01,322 --> 00:29:04,325
the fresh leafy green industry,
can and must do more.

504
00:29:04,409 --> 00:29:05,660
Let me stress, must do more.

505
00:29:05,744 --> 00:29:07,662
Growers have a responsibility,

506
00:29:07,746 --> 00:29:11,416
the primary responsibility
to understand whether their products

507
00:29:11,499 --> 00:29:15,211
can be contaminated
and take measures to mitigate those risks.

508
00:29:18,673 --> 00:29:22,427
[Tim] My name is Tim York. T-I-M Y-O-R-K

509
00:29:23,219 --> 00:29:25,638
[interviewer]
How should I title you for your position?

510
00:29:25,722 --> 00:29:26,973
Uh, CEO.

511
00:29:27,056 --> 00:29:28,391
-[interviewer] Of?
-LGMA.

512
00:29:28,892 --> 00:29:32,520
LGMA stands for
Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement.

513
00:29:32,604 --> 00:29:39,444
We were started in 2007 to, uh,
ensure safety in lettuce and leafy greens.

514
00:29:39,527 --> 00:29:42,280
[interviewer] What are some of
the more recognizable handlers

515
00:29:42,363 --> 00:29:45,116
that are part of the LGMA
that we might know?

516
00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:49,579
Members of LGMA
would include Dole, Fresh Express,

517
00:29:49,662 --> 00:29:53,500
Ready Pac, Taylor Farms, uh, Organic Girl.

518
00:29:53,583 --> 00:29:57,796
Those are all names you probably see
on the retail shelf of packaged salads.

519
00:30:01,716 --> 00:30:03,551
[Sarah]
The Leafy Greens Marketing Agreements

520
00:30:03,635 --> 00:30:06,805
were formed in response
to the 2006 spinach outbreak.

521
00:30:07,430 --> 00:30:08,848
[suspenseful music plays]

522
00:30:08,932 --> 00:30:10,683
Feds have a new warning about spinach.

523
00:30:10,767 --> 00:30:14,896
They want you to stay away from
all spinach, not just the bagged produce.

524
00:30:14,979 --> 00:30:18,107
We're talking about hundreds of bags
of raw spinach out here.

525
00:30:18,191 --> 00:30:22,153
Now, no one is eating raw spinach,
and all of it is going in the garbage.

526
00:30:24,072 --> 00:30:27,283
[reporter] This is
the same deadly strain of E. coli

527
00:30:27,367 --> 00:30:29,744
that we saw
in the Jack in the Box outbreak.

528
00:30:31,663 --> 00:30:33,957
[Timothy] The industry was terrorized.

529
00:30:34,707 --> 00:30:38,336
They worried that if this were to occur
again and again and again,

530
00:30:38,419 --> 00:30:40,964
if they didn't get to the bottom
of this problem,

531
00:30:41,714 --> 00:30:45,468
that it would essentially destroy
the California leafy greens industry.

532
00:30:46,135 --> 00:30:48,805
The spinach outbreak of 2006

533
00:30:48,888 --> 00:30:53,601
was a watershed moment for the industry
because that was really the first time

534
00:30:54,352 --> 00:30:58,982
that we were aware
of how our practices affected people.

535
00:31:04,779 --> 00:31:06,447
How do pathogens move?

536
00:31:07,448 --> 00:31:09,284
We look at a number of things.

537
00:31:10,869 --> 00:31:12,579
One of them being water.

538
00:31:15,373 --> 00:31:18,585
One of them being proximity
to other operations.

539
00:31:20,128 --> 00:31:22,755
One of them would be
the sanitation practices

540
00:31:22,839 --> 00:31:25,758
and how they handle machinery
and equipment on the farm.

541
00:31:26,593 --> 00:31:28,595
[suspenseful music continues]

542
00:31:37,520 --> 00:31:39,397
[Bill] I think it's just been
really a matter

543
00:31:39,480 --> 00:31:42,734
of the industry
sort of does a whack-a-mole.

544
00:31:43,735 --> 00:31:45,111
"Oh, we'll do testing."

545
00:31:46,112 --> 00:31:48,323
"Oh, we'll make everybody wear a hairnet."

546
00:31:51,242 --> 00:31:55,914
But they just don't want to come to grips
with the fact that the big problem is

547
00:31:55,997 --> 00:31:59,918
cattle farms and feedlots
in close proximity

548
00:32:00,001 --> 00:32:02,211
to where you're growing leafy greens.

549
00:32:02,295 --> 00:32:05,214
[cattle mooing]

550
00:32:05,298 --> 00:32:08,927
[interviewer] How often do your members
test their irrigation water?

551
00:32:10,303 --> 00:32:11,262
[sighs]

552
00:32:11,346 --> 00:32:14,349
I don't honestly know the answer
to that question. Um…

553
00:32:15,475 --> 00:32:20,021
Irrigation water is required
to be tested on an ongoing basis

554
00:32:20,104 --> 00:32:22,941
to know that
that is meeting our practices.

555
00:32:23,024 --> 00:32:25,026
[birds chirping]

556
00:32:27,654 --> 00:32:31,824
[Bill] You know, some of the work
the LGMA has done has been admirable.

557
00:32:33,242 --> 00:32:34,702
But in my view,

558
00:32:35,745 --> 00:32:38,289
it's a way to make sure
that the government,

559
00:32:38,373 --> 00:32:41,542
uh, doesn't enforce rules on them
they don't really like.

560
00:32:41,626 --> 00:32:44,963
One of the ways to avoid
government regulation is to say,

561
00:32:45,046 --> 00:32:46,464
"We'll regulate ourselves."

562
00:32:47,465 --> 00:32:49,467
[splutters] I honestly don't know
what action

563
00:32:49,550 --> 00:32:52,929
the government was potentially going
to take if we didn't.

564
00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:55,848
But the reason the LGMA was formed is

565
00:32:55,932 --> 00:32:58,977
because we could do that
so much faster than the government.

566
00:32:59,060 --> 00:33:01,062
[tense music plays]

567
00:33:03,272 --> 00:33:06,442
[Mike] Who do you hold accountable
for fixing this?

568
00:33:08,152 --> 00:33:12,281
The growers don't control
the practices of the cattlemen.

569
00:33:13,449 --> 00:33:14,951
The cattlemen, you know,

570
00:33:15,034 --> 00:33:17,870
feel that they're not responsible
for produce safety.

571
00:33:18,913 --> 00:33:23,334
There's not enough impetus
for people to break out of their silos

572
00:33:23,418 --> 00:33:26,629
and say, "We've got to come up
with a solution that figures out,

573
00:33:26,713 --> 00:33:29,966
how can you use vaccines
to make this better?"

574
00:33:30,049 --> 00:33:33,928
"How can you adjust the cattle feed
to reduce the E. coli?"

575
00:33:35,013 --> 00:33:38,516
And that… you know,
my frustration is that's not happening,

576
00:33:38,599 --> 00:33:42,311
and people are getting sick,
and that's, uh… you know, that's sad.

577
00:33:42,395 --> 00:33:43,730
That's disturbing.

578
00:33:43,813 --> 00:33:45,106
[tense music ends]

579
00:33:45,189 --> 00:33:47,191
[seagulls squawking]

580
00:33:49,861 --> 00:33:52,071
[phone ringing]

581
00:33:52,155 --> 00:33:54,574
[indistinct chatter]

582
00:33:54,657 --> 00:33:56,367
[keyboard clacking]

583
00:33:59,328 --> 00:34:02,915
[Bill] In my 30 years
of experience doing this,

584
00:34:02,999 --> 00:34:08,212
most companies don't want to, obviously,
see me show up at their doorstep.

585
00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:11,049
You know,
the Leafy Green Marketing Agreement,

586
00:34:11,132 --> 00:34:12,842
they're trying to do the right thing.

587
00:34:12,925 --> 00:34:16,596
They're just not going the full distance
that I think they should go.

588
00:34:16,679 --> 00:34:19,682
[inhales] You know,
these outbreaks at Jack in the Box,

589
00:34:19,766 --> 00:34:22,060
they didn't intend that to happen,

590
00:34:22,685 --> 00:34:25,938
but I kind of put those folks
in a different category

591
00:34:26,022 --> 00:34:29,984
than I would the folks
from Peanut Corporation of America.

592
00:34:30,485 --> 00:34:33,529
[reporter 1] Food and Drug Administration
is advising Americans not to eat

593
00:34:33,613 --> 00:34:36,032
any products made
with peanut butter or peanut paste.

594
00:34:36,115 --> 00:34:38,701
[reporter 2] More than 500 people
have gotten sick in the outbreak,

595
00:34:38,785 --> 00:34:41,954
and at least eight may have died
as a result of salmonella infection.

596
00:34:42,580 --> 00:34:45,416
[Bill] This was
an enormous salmonella outbreak.

597
00:34:45,500 --> 00:34:47,627
[reporter 3]
Officials are focusing on peanut products

598
00:34:47,710 --> 00:34:52,048
produced by this Georgia plant
owned by Peanut Corporation of America.

599
00:34:54,133 --> 00:34:58,221
[Mike] The Peanut Corporation of America
was a major peanut product producer.

600
00:34:59,639 --> 00:35:02,683
They provided peanut paste
and peanut products

601
00:35:02,767 --> 00:35:07,063
to hundreds of different major brands
in the United States.

602
00:35:07,146 --> 00:35:09,357
[man] Chips Deluxe
with peanut butter cups.

603
00:35:09,440 --> 00:35:11,234
-[boy] Peanut butter cups? No way.
-[man] Way.

604
00:35:12,652 --> 00:35:13,903
[insects chirping]

605
00:35:13,986 --> 00:35:17,782
I started working at Peanut Corp
in July 2006.

606
00:35:17,865 --> 00:35:21,244
I could tell things were going to go bad.

607
00:35:22,036 --> 00:35:24,789
-[tense music plays]
-[slide projector clicking]

608
00:35:24,872 --> 00:35:28,292
The things that had concerned me were,
number one, the roof leak.

609
00:35:28,918 --> 00:35:31,379
Because that washes in bird crap,

610
00:35:32,046 --> 00:35:35,424
which can bring in a whole host
of disease into the plant.

611
00:35:37,927 --> 00:35:42,431
And the pest control person that brought
in to my attention the mice problem.

612
00:35:43,683 --> 00:35:47,186
[man] There are some rats,
uh, and they're still alive.

613
00:35:48,938 --> 00:35:51,482
[Kenneth] The first time
I had brought up, uh, concerns

614
00:35:51,566 --> 00:35:53,234
to Stewart Parnell, the owner,

615
00:35:53,943 --> 00:35:56,362
he told me to shut up
and not worry about it,

616
00:35:56,445 --> 00:36:00,867
that they had recall insurance
and just go on doing my job.

617
00:36:01,659 --> 00:36:06,664
Stewart Parnell
not only grossly underestimated

618
00:36:07,456 --> 00:36:10,918
food safety as a CEO of a food company,

619
00:36:11,794 --> 00:36:15,298
but he blatantly and even flagrantly

620
00:36:16,632 --> 00:36:17,633
just didn't care.

621
00:36:18,176 --> 00:36:21,637
[man] And here we have another live rat.

622
00:36:21,721 --> 00:36:22,763
[rat squeaking]

623
00:36:23,973 --> 00:36:29,353
[Bill] Ultimately, what happened was
that some of the large companies

624
00:36:29,437 --> 00:36:33,900
that were getting their product
from PCA had requirements,

625
00:36:33,983 --> 00:36:37,904
contractual requirements
to test the product before it was shipped.

626
00:36:38,613 --> 00:36:42,450
And they were supposed to give
those companies a piece of paper

627
00:36:42,533 --> 00:36:46,829
called a certificate of analysis
that said the product was tested

628
00:36:46,913 --> 00:36:50,333
and it's free of pathogens
or likely free of pathogens.

629
00:36:50,416 --> 00:36:52,126
[Marion] And lo and behold,

630
00:36:52,210 --> 00:36:56,380
they had a test that came out positive
for the toxic salmonella.

631
00:36:57,048 --> 00:36:59,258
Well, what they ended up doing

632
00:36:59,342 --> 00:37:02,261
was retesting
until they got a negative test.

633
00:37:03,471 --> 00:37:07,016
[Bill] Then it got to the point
where all of them were positive,

634
00:37:08,267 --> 00:37:11,562
and then they just started forging
the certificates of analysis,

635
00:37:11,646 --> 00:37:13,022
saying they were negative.

636
00:37:14,482 --> 00:37:16,108
[Darin] The QA manager,

637
00:37:16,192 --> 00:37:19,320
there's a reason why she has
the nickname "the Queen of Liquid Paper."

638
00:37:20,488 --> 00:37:22,782
If they didn't have
the results that they needed,

639
00:37:22,865 --> 00:37:24,617
they would literally take old results,

640
00:37:24,700 --> 00:37:27,620
Liquid Paper over the date,
and change the date

641
00:37:27,703 --> 00:37:29,580
to make it look like
it's a more recent date.

642
00:37:30,831 --> 00:37:36,545
Stewart Parnell told the manager
in an email to ship the peanut mill.

643
00:37:37,213 --> 00:37:39,090
And the manager said,

644
00:37:39,173 --> 00:37:44,470
"Well, I've got to spray off the rat shit
and dirt before I can do anything."

645
00:37:44,553 --> 00:37:47,890
Stewart said,
"Well, then clean it up and ship it."

646
00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:51,602
There were lots of emails.

647
00:37:51,686 --> 00:37:53,688
[keyboard clacking]

648
00:37:56,440 --> 00:38:00,861
And they had emails
from the heads of the company saying,

649
00:38:00,945 --> 00:38:03,447
"Oh, you've got
a positive salmonella test."

650
00:38:03,531 --> 00:38:04,615
"Ship it out anyway."

651
00:38:08,953 --> 00:38:13,165
A salmonella outbreak involving products
made with peanut butter is worsening.

652
00:38:13,249 --> 00:38:14,750
These were recalled too.

653
00:38:14,834 --> 00:38:19,005
The list of items is so long, Campbell,
I can't even read them all right now.

654
00:38:19,088 --> 00:38:22,717
[Bill] It was over 3,000, almost 4,000,

655
00:38:23,217 --> 00:38:26,095
different products got recalled.

656
00:38:26,804 --> 00:38:29,932
[man] Here we go with another pallet.
I think this is number six.

657
00:38:34,312 --> 00:38:35,396
It's still sealed.

658
00:38:35,479 --> 00:38:38,274
I emailed
the Texas Department of Agriculture,

659
00:38:38,357 --> 00:38:39,650
the FDA.

660
00:38:39,734 --> 00:38:42,069
I… I must have sent a hundred emails.

661
00:38:42,153 --> 00:38:44,572
[reporter] Product recalls
continue mounting.

662
00:38:45,823 --> 00:38:48,617
Nobody else was gonna stop them
from killing people.

663
00:38:50,578 --> 00:38:52,204
So somebody had to step up.

664
00:38:53,914 --> 00:38:55,458
He went to the federal government

665
00:38:55,541 --> 00:38:58,294
and started, you know,
saying how bad the plant was.

666
00:38:58,377 --> 00:39:01,922
The White House today called
the plant's performance alarming

667
00:39:02,006 --> 00:39:05,301
and promised tougher regulation
over America's food supply.

668
00:39:05,384 --> 00:39:09,555
At bare minimum, we should be able
to count on our government

669
00:39:09,638 --> 00:39:11,974
keeping our kids safe
when they eat peanut butter.

670
00:39:12,058 --> 00:39:15,936
That's what Sasha eats for, uh…
for lunch probably three times a week.

671
00:39:17,396 --> 00:39:19,148
[representative] Mr. Parnell,
Mr. Lightsey,

672
00:39:19,231 --> 00:39:21,150
let me just cut to the chase then.

673
00:39:21,776 --> 00:39:26,238
In this container are products
that have your ingredients in them.

674
00:39:26,322 --> 00:39:29,325
I just wonder, would either of you
be willing to take the lid off

675
00:39:29,408 --> 00:39:31,410
and eat any of these products now?

676
00:39:31,911 --> 00:39:33,871
Mr. Chairman, and members
of the committee,

677
00:39:33,954 --> 00:39:35,456
on the advice of my counsel,

678
00:39:35,539 --> 00:39:37,416
I respectfully decline
to answer your question

679
00:39:37,500 --> 00:39:40,378
based on the protection afforded me
under the United States Constitution.

680
00:39:40,461 --> 00:39:41,712
[Greg] You're dismissed.

681
00:39:43,422 --> 00:39:49,261
Sometimes manufacturers of food
don't really think of it as food.

682
00:39:49,345 --> 00:39:51,764
It becomes a… a commodity.

683
00:39:51,847 --> 00:39:55,351
So they don't think about it
in the sense of, "Oh, my goodness,

684
00:39:55,434 --> 00:39:58,771
this is going to go into somebody's mouth
and into their stomach."

685
00:39:58,854 --> 00:40:02,108
My father was
a highly decorated Korean War veteran

686
00:40:02,191 --> 00:40:04,735
and was awarded
three Purple Hearts for his valor.

687
00:40:04,819 --> 00:40:08,948
His final battle occurred when he ate
some contaminated peanut butter from PCA.

688
00:40:09,532 --> 00:40:12,368
[Christine] When you spend time
with these victims and speak with them,

689
00:40:12,451 --> 00:40:13,828
they don't get over it.

690
00:40:13,911 --> 00:40:15,830
It's not a natural form of grief

691
00:40:15,913 --> 00:40:19,875
when someone you love dies from,
um, a bunch of peanut butter crackers.

692
00:40:19,959 --> 00:40:23,462
Our family feels cheated.
My mom should be here today.

693
00:40:24,380 --> 00:40:27,007
[Timothy] The FDA partnered
with the Department of Justice,

694
00:40:27,091 --> 00:40:30,886
and they brought felony counts
against Stewart Parnell and his associates

695
00:40:30,970 --> 00:40:34,515
for knowingly and intentionally
shipping contaminated products

696
00:40:34,598 --> 00:40:37,810
that had toxic salmonella
into the stream of commerce.

697
00:40:38,644 --> 00:40:41,188
[reporter 1] Stewart Parnell,
he is sentenced yesterday

698
00:40:41,272 --> 00:40:44,108
to 28 years behind bars.

699
00:40:44,191 --> 00:40:45,818
[reporter 2] Eight people died, sir.

700
00:40:45,901 --> 00:40:48,362
Do you have anything to say
to their families?

701
00:40:48,446 --> 00:40:51,907
[Kenneth] It doesn't bother him
to this day because he's still appealing.

702
00:40:52,408 --> 00:40:54,618
"Murdering people is okay."

703
00:40:54,702 --> 00:40:56,620
And I'm sorry. I call this murder.

704
00:40:56,704 --> 00:40:59,373
He knew
that there was salmonella in there.

705
00:40:59,457 --> 00:41:00,833
So, you know, Stewart,

706
00:41:00,916 --> 00:41:04,044
why would you ship that
knowing you could kill people?

707
00:41:04,128 --> 00:41:05,796
Explain to the families.

708
00:41:07,131 --> 00:41:11,469
Criminal prosecution is appropriate
when it comes to really bad actors.

709
00:41:11,552 --> 00:41:15,764
People like Stewart Parnell,
who knowingly sold contaminated product,

710
00:41:15,848 --> 00:41:18,642
or Jack DeCoster, the Egg King.

711
00:41:19,477 --> 00:41:21,687
[reporter 1] Salmonella outbreaks
sickening hundreds

712
00:41:21,770 --> 00:41:23,564
have led to a national egg recall.

713
00:41:23,647 --> 00:41:26,567
[reporter 2] The numbers are enough
to give anyone shell shock.

714
00:41:26,650 --> 00:41:30,070
The recall has grown
to more than 500 million eggs

715
00:41:30,154 --> 00:41:31,989
from just two farms in Iowa.

716
00:41:32,072 --> 00:41:35,493
The chairman and owner,
Austin Jack DeCoster.

717
00:41:36,660 --> 00:41:38,579
[Christine] Jack DeCoster is a businessman

718
00:41:38,662 --> 00:41:41,874
who's been in the farming industry
for easily 50 years.

719
00:41:41,957 --> 00:41:45,377
And in place after place
and time after time,

720
00:41:45,461 --> 00:41:47,796
he has run filthy farms.

721
00:41:47,880 --> 00:41:49,882
[chickens clucking]

722
00:41:51,175 --> 00:41:55,971
[Bill] He knew that their product
was being produced

723
00:41:56,055 --> 00:41:59,350
in really insanitary conditions

724
00:41:59,433 --> 00:42:03,771
that likely would have resulted
in eggs being contaminated.

725
00:42:03,854 --> 00:42:07,149
A pile of manure at one of them,
eight feet high.

726
00:42:07,233 --> 00:42:09,652
Pile of manure, eight feet high, leaking!

727
00:42:09,735 --> 00:42:12,947
As many as 56,000 Americans
were sickened because of it.

728
00:42:13,531 --> 00:42:18,077
How is it possible
that after all this time,

729
00:42:18,160 --> 00:42:23,749
we have another DeCoster egg producer
involved in a half-billion-dollar recall?

730
00:42:24,291 --> 00:42:26,835
-[cup clattering]
-[clicks tongue]

731
00:42:31,090 --> 00:42:33,425
Well, the question is complicated, so--

732
00:42:33,509 --> 00:42:34,677
You can…

733
00:42:35,427 --> 00:42:37,680
[Christine]
For decades he got away with it.

734
00:42:37,763 --> 00:42:43,602
But he finally was convicted
and, um, was given a short prison term.

735
00:42:46,146 --> 00:42:50,025
[Darin] There will never be
an end to bad actors

736
00:42:50,109 --> 00:42:55,072
who decide that profit
is more important than ethics.

737
00:42:55,155 --> 00:42:56,782
We have laws.

738
00:42:56,865 --> 00:42:59,535
We have regulatory authorities
and regulatory agencies,

739
00:42:59,618 --> 00:43:02,204
and these things still happen, even today.

740
00:43:02,288 --> 00:43:04,290
[birds chirping]

741
00:43:05,499 --> 00:43:07,501
[door opens]

742
00:43:10,963 --> 00:43:13,799
[chickens clucking]

743
00:43:15,884 --> 00:43:16,969
[Bill] Come on, guys.

744
00:43:21,348 --> 00:43:22,516
Come on, come on.

745
00:43:23,100 --> 00:43:24,977
[chickens clucking]

746
00:43:26,979 --> 00:43:29,440
After the Wright County egg outbreak,

747
00:43:29,523 --> 00:43:32,818
I wound up on Larry King Live,
talking about,

748
00:43:32,901 --> 00:43:34,612
you know, foodborne illness again.

749
00:43:34,695 --> 00:43:36,864
And sort of at the end of the segment,

750
00:43:36,947 --> 00:43:41,035
I just said, "I'm gonna get chickens,"
as just sort of a throwaway line.

751
00:43:41,118 --> 00:43:43,203
When I got home,
my youngest daughter was like,

752
00:43:43,287 --> 00:43:44,747
"Oh, so we're gonna get chickens."

753
00:43:44,830 --> 00:43:46,373
So now we have chickens,

754
00:43:46,457 --> 00:43:49,752
and now she's off at college,
and we still have chickens.

755
00:43:49,835 --> 00:43:51,045
[chickens clucking]

756
00:43:51,128 --> 00:43:54,923
[dramatic music plays]

757
00:43:55,007 --> 00:43:58,260
More people are becoming sick
from a salmonella outbreak.

758
00:43:58,344 --> 00:44:00,220
-Salmonella outbreak.
-[reporter 1] Salmonella outbreak.

759
00:44:00,304 --> 00:44:02,348
-Salmonella outbreak.
-Large salmonella outbreak.

760
00:44:02,431 --> 00:44:05,184
[reporter 2] More than 100 people
have been sent to the hospital.

761
00:44:05,267 --> 00:44:08,896
-[reporter 3] Three hundred cases.
-[reporter 4] Made 278 people ill.

762
00:44:09,730 --> 00:44:15,694
At age two, I was hospitalized
for 11 days, uh, in New Haven.

763
00:44:15,778 --> 00:44:18,697
Uh, my folks-- It was an isolation.

764
00:44:18,781 --> 00:44:20,616
My folks couldn't come to see me.

765
00:44:20,699 --> 00:44:23,744
[splutters] You know,
so I am a survivor of salmonella.

766
00:44:23,827 --> 00:44:27,289
Uh, and it's… uh, it's a killer.

767
00:44:27,373 --> 00:44:29,375
[dramatic music continues]

768
00:44:37,383 --> 00:44:40,386
[Sarah] If you look at the two bacteria
that are most likely

769
00:44:40,469 --> 00:44:42,888
to send you to the hospital from food,

770
00:44:42,971 --> 00:44:45,849
it's salmonella
and a germ called campylobacter.

771
00:44:45,933 --> 00:44:48,477
And if you look at the foods
that are most likely

772
00:44:48,560 --> 00:44:50,854
to be the source for those bacteria,

773
00:44:50,938 --> 00:44:53,357
at least from the outbreak data,
it's chicken.

774
00:44:54,525 --> 00:44:57,194
And so if we want
to address foodborne illness,

775
00:44:57,277 --> 00:45:00,197
we wanna bring those numbers down,
chicken is the place to start.

776
00:45:04,743 --> 00:45:08,163
Four companies now control more than half
the market in chicken processing.

777
00:45:08,247 --> 00:45:10,457
So it's a very consolidated industry,

778
00:45:10,541 --> 00:45:13,460
and it means those companies
have a lot of control over our food.

779
00:45:13,544 --> 00:45:15,337
At the top, the very top of the chain,

780
00:45:15,421 --> 00:45:19,550
there are really just two breeders
controlling the entire poultry supply

781
00:45:19,633 --> 00:45:21,635
in the sense that they provide the eggs.

782
00:45:21,719 --> 00:45:24,179
And those companies
largely operate in secrecy.

783
00:45:24,263 --> 00:45:27,433
Their customers are not the public.
They're not very communicative.

784
00:45:27,516 --> 00:45:30,018
And it's very hard to tell
what practices they're using

785
00:45:30,102 --> 00:45:32,896
to keep those eggs from spreading disease.

786
00:45:32,980 --> 00:45:34,982
[somber music plays]

787
00:45:48,537 --> 00:45:51,373
Perdue is very focused on food safety,

788
00:45:51,457 --> 00:45:54,626
and, um, what makes us
a little bit different,

789
00:45:54,710 --> 00:45:58,881
I believe, it came from, uh,
the "no antibiotics ever" move.

790
00:45:58,964 --> 00:46:02,634
Well, tonight, there's a major change
coming to your dinner table.

791
00:46:02,718 --> 00:46:06,889
Perdue, the chicken makers,
say it's dropping most human antibiotics

792
00:46:06,972 --> 00:46:08,640
from its chicken products.

793
00:46:09,308 --> 00:46:12,227
[Bruce] In order to do that,
we needed to change a lot of things

794
00:46:12,311 --> 00:46:13,854
about how we raise chickens.

795
00:46:13,937 --> 00:46:15,939
[suspenseful music plays]

796
00:46:22,529 --> 00:46:26,366
Perdue produces
a little over 12 million chickens a week.

797
00:46:28,786 --> 00:46:30,287
So the eggs come in.

798
00:46:30,370 --> 00:46:33,499
Uh, we want to get them
to the hatchery as fast as we can.

799
00:46:33,582 --> 00:46:36,251
Make sure that they're
in a clean environment.

800
00:46:37,961 --> 00:46:39,797
[Bruce in scene]
We asked them, the farmer,

801
00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:42,841
if there are some eggs
that are more likely to be dirty,

802
00:46:42,925 --> 00:46:44,176
put them on the bottom.

803
00:46:44,885 --> 00:46:48,138
We've been using this tool.
We can swab a lot of eggs

804
00:46:48,222 --> 00:46:49,765
and get immediate feedback

805
00:46:49,848 --> 00:46:51,683
on how much material is on

806
00:46:51,767 --> 00:46:54,686
and how much organic material
is alive on the egg.

807
00:47:00,734 --> 00:47:02,528
[Bruce in scene] 770's in the middle.

808
00:47:02,611 --> 00:47:06,448
Not terribly dirty
but not perfectly clean either.

809
00:47:07,115 --> 00:47:08,867
That doesn't mean there's salmonella,

810
00:47:08,951 --> 00:47:14,164
but it does give you a sense
of… of opportunity for salmonella.

811
00:47:14,248 --> 00:47:16,250
[chickens clucking]

812
00:47:19,336 --> 00:47:25,509
It takes 21 days to hatch a chicken from,
uh, an embryonated or a fertilized egg.

813
00:47:25,592 --> 00:47:28,345
[Bruce in scene]
So he's partially working his way out.

814
00:47:29,429 --> 00:47:30,681
-Taking a break.
-[man] Yeah.

815
00:47:30,764 --> 00:47:33,058
[Bruce] Gonna work his way out some more.

816
00:47:38,438 --> 00:47:40,440
[suspenseful music intensifies]

817
00:48:06,300 --> 00:48:09,261
[Bruce] The chicks,
after they've hatched at the hatchery,

818
00:48:09,344 --> 00:48:11,763
and we've done all we can there
to keep them clean,

819
00:48:11,847 --> 00:48:13,348
we move them to the farm.

820
00:48:22,774 --> 00:48:25,652
[chickens clucking]

821
00:48:32,701 --> 00:48:34,244
They come here a day old.

822
00:48:35,412 --> 00:48:38,707
Day they hatch, we get them here,
put them in the chicken house.

823
00:48:38,790 --> 00:48:41,209
They stay here about 45 days.

824
00:48:41,293 --> 00:48:44,296
These birds here are about 14 days,
two weeks old.

825
00:48:50,302 --> 00:48:53,597
So we monitor
for specific types of salmonella,

826
00:48:53,680 --> 00:48:58,226
and we use this sampling technique
called boot swabs, or bootie swabs,

827
00:48:58,310 --> 00:49:03,982
where you take a sock that's doused
in skim milk, put it over your boot,

828
00:49:04,066 --> 00:49:08,487
and walk through the chicken house trying
to sample as many chicken's droppings

829
00:49:08,570 --> 00:49:11,657
as you can possibly pick up
with those boots.

830
00:49:11,740 --> 00:49:15,619
And we figure over 100 chickens contribute
to the bootie sample.

831
00:49:15,702 --> 00:49:18,288
We send that to the lab
and look for salmonella.

832
00:49:31,009 --> 00:49:34,096
[suspenseful music continues]

833
00:49:38,850 --> 00:49:41,103
[Bruce in scene]
This is boneless, skinless breast.

834
00:49:41,186 --> 00:49:45,983
It comes down the line after
it's been taken off the, uh, bone.

835
00:49:47,109 --> 00:49:49,569
It goes into this unit and is washed.

836
00:49:50,237 --> 00:49:53,532
There's some peracetic acid,
helps us keep it clean

837
00:49:53,615 --> 00:49:57,202
from the process that we just did
all the way to the package.

838
00:49:58,954 --> 00:50:02,624
We believe that if a bird came in
with a little bit of salmonella,

839
00:50:02,708 --> 00:50:04,960
it'd be washed off and taken care of.

840
00:50:05,043 --> 00:50:07,045
[tense music plays]

841
00:50:15,429 --> 00:50:19,182
One of the big broken pieces
of the American food safety system

842
00:50:19,266 --> 00:50:21,977
is that we don't monitor anything
on the farm.

843
00:50:22,060 --> 00:50:24,855
[chickens clucking]

844
00:50:24,938 --> 00:50:27,024
Those are off-limits to regulators.

845
00:50:29,359 --> 00:50:34,197
[Lance] The problem lies in that a lot
of salmonella is found at the farm level,

846
00:50:34,281 --> 00:50:35,615
at the hatchery level.

847
00:50:36,366 --> 00:50:37,451
[brakes hiss]

848
00:50:38,452 --> 00:50:41,788
And, you know,
USDA's jurisdiction doesn't kick in

849
00:50:41,872 --> 00:50:44,916
until those chickens
actually enter the slaughter plant.

850
00:50:48,211 --> 00:50:49,171
[assistant] A-mark.

851
00:50:54,509 --> 00:50:58,180
[interviewer] Let's just start off with,
tell me what you do for work.

852
00:50:58,263 --> 00:51:02,225
[inspector in distorted voice] I am
a USDA consumer safety inspector,

853
00:51:02,309 --> 00:51:04,144
and I inspect chickens.

854
00:51:05,145 --> 00:51:07,147
[tense music plays]

855
00:51:13,820 --> 00:51:17,407
We run over 300,000 chickens a day.

856
00:51:21,953 --> 00:51:27,250
We're looking at 175 birds a minute,
and they're going by so fast.

857
00:51:29,878 --> 00:51:33,006
There's only one inspector
at the very end of the line,

858
00:51:33,757 --> 00:51:35,926
and they do miss a lot sometimes.

859
00:51:38,095 --> 00:51:40,180
Some of the plants I've worked at,

860
00:51:40,263 --> 00:51:43,850
I feel like the chicken's
not safe to go out.

861
00:51:43,934 --> 00:51:47,437
I feel like consumers
would really be shocked

862
00:51:47,521 --> 00:51:50,524
at some of the stories
that we could tell them.

863
00:51:52,609 --> 00:51:53,777
I've seen… [sighs]

864
00:51:53,860 --> 00:51:57,906
…plant person
throwing chickens in the chiller

865
00:51:57,989 --> 00:52:00,659
and would have fecal matter in them.

866
00:52:03,578 --> 00:52:08,416
I've seen inspectors sleep on the line
and product just going on by.

867
00:52:09,835 --> 00:52:12,796
And you'll see employees,
they've been to the bathroom.

868
00:52:12,879 --> 00:52:14,965
They're not washing their hands.

869
00:52:15,048 --> 00:52:16,508
I've seen… [sighs]

870
00:52:16,591 --> 00:52:21,012
…people drop their knives,
not attempt to pick them up and wash it,

871
00:52:21,096 --> 00:52:23,515
just go right back to using it.

872
00:52:25,934 --> 00:52:28,145
They got a quota they gotta meet.

873
00:52:28,228 --> 00:52:32,107
And, you know,
I feel like they're there to make a profit

874
00:52:32,190 --> 00:52:33,984
and get the chickens through.

875
00:52:34,067 --> 00:52:36,486
They don't care what shape they're in.

876
00:52:38,989 --> 00:52:44,286
The USDA inspection regime is really…
goes back to the early 1900s

877
00:52:44,369 --> 00:52:47,164
and, you know,
Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle.

878
00:52:47,247 --> 00:52:49,249
[narrator] It was not a pleasant novel.

879
00:52:49,332 --> 00:52:53,128
It told of conditions of filth
and carelessness in the handling of meat,

880
00:52:53,211 --> 00:52:56,173
and those who read it
became concerned and aroused.

881
00:52:57,174 --> 00:52:58,341
It's an outrage.

882
00:53:00,552 --> 00:53:04,264
[Mike] Meat and poultry inspection laws
are designed to deal with the problem

883
00:53:04,347 --> 00:53:09,644
that Teddy Roosevelt addressed in 1906
in meatpacking plants in Chicago,

884
00:53:09,728 --> 00:53:13,315
which is diseased animals
coming into facilities,

885
00:53:13,398 --> 00:53:16,067
spoiled meat being put
into the food system.

886
00:53:17,569 --> 00:53:20,780
[Bill] Frankly, when they built
that inspection regime,

887
00:53:20,864 --> 00:53:24,201
we didn't even understand viruses
and bacteria.

888
00:53:25,035 --> 00:53:27,704
[man] Every bird must be
individually inspected.

889
00:53:27,787 --> 00:53:31,041
It must prove to be wholesome,
or else it is condemned.

890
00:53:32,292 --> 00:53:35,003
[Marion] What they're expected to do
has nothing to do with bacteria.

891
00:53:35,086 --> 00:53:37,047
You can't see bacteria.

892
00:53:37,589 --> 00:53:39,841
They're not visible to the naked eye.

893
00:53:39,925 --> 00:53:41,927
[tense music intensifies]

894
00:53:42,844 --> 00:53:45,180
[Mike] You have hundreds,
if not thousands,

895
00:53:45,263 --> 00:53:48,099
of poultry inspectors
sitting on slaughter lines,

896
00:53:48,183 --> 00:53:51,394
watching birds go by,
to meet the statutory mandate

897
00:53:51,478 --> 00:53:55,482
to have a US government inspector look at
every chicken that goes through a facility

898
00:53:55,565 --> 00:53:58,068
with no meaningful benefit
for food safety.

899
00:53:58,151 --> 00:54:00,278
It's a waste
of hundreds of millions of dollars.

900
00:54:01,279 --> 00:54:05,283
I disagree with that assessment
for a number of reasons.

901
00:54:05,367 --> 00:54:07,452
They do look at the product.

902
00:54:07,535 --> 00:54:10,872
That's what the law requires
under current statutes.

903
00:54:10,956 --> 00:54:13,917
They look at the records
that companies keep

904
00:54:14,000 --> 00:54:17,128
to ensure that they're doing
what they're supposed to do,

905
00:54:17,212 --> 00:54:20,090
and they sample and test product.

906
00:54:23,176 --> 00:54:25,929
[inspector in distorted voice]
We run millions of birds a month.

907
00:54:26,680 --> 00:54:31,601
We test five salmonella samples a month
of a whole bird.

908
00:54:33,228 --> 00:54:37,399
And we do five samples of parts
at our plant.

909
00:54:42,320 --> 00:54:44,948
That's all the USDA does.

910
00:54:49,035 --> 00:54:52,497
And just because it says
that "USDA inspected" on there,

911
00:54:52,580 --> 00:54:55,917
it don't mean nothing
because it's gotta be on their label.

912
00:54:56,001 --> 00:55:00,213
I wouldn't want to eat nothing coming
from some of the plants myself.

913
00:55:01,840 --> 00:55:04,676
When you bring raw poultry
into your kitchen,

914
00:55:04,759 --> 00:55:06,386
you're taking a significant risk.

915
00:55:06,469 --> 00:55:09,723
The real problem
is that even somebody as careful as me,

916
00:55:09,806 --> 00:55:12,434
I'm a microbiologist
that studies these pathogens,

917
00:55:12,517 --> 00:55:14,602
when I bring these packages into my house,

918
00:55:14,686 --> 00:55:18,231
it's really hard
not to contaminate things.

919
00:55:19,941 --> 00:55:21,026
I'm gonna open that package,

920
00:55:21,109 --> 00:55:24,112
and I'm immediately gonna put
that plastic into the trash.

921
00:55:25,280 --> 00:55:26,656
I'm gonna use my foot.

922
00:55:27,449 --> 00:55:29,075
Then I'm gonna take the chicken

923
00:55:29,159 --> 00:55:32,495
and immediately put it into,
you know, hot oil and start frying it.

924
00:55:33,455 --> 00:55:35,665
-[whimsical music plays]
-[chicken sizzling]

925
00:55:35,749 --> 00:55:37,751
Then I'm gonna throw away
the rest of the package,

926
00:55:37,834 --> 00:55:41,087
but this time I touched the top
of the trash can, right?

927
00:55:42,839 --> 00:55:44,924
And then I go wash my hand,
and I turn on the faucet.

928
00:55:45,008 --> 00:55:46,384
I've just contaminated the faucet.

929
00:55:46,468 --> 00:55:48,678
I pump the soap.
I've just contaminated the soap.

930
00:55:48,762 --> 00:55:50,597
I'm gonna wash my hands really well.

931
00:55:50,680 --> 00:55:53,141
Then I'm gonna rinse my hands,
and shut off the faucet.

932
00:55:53,224 --> 00:55:55,894
I've just recontaminated my hand,
and I'm gonna go make a salad.

933
00:55:58,855 --> 00:56:02,317
As careful as I am,
those bacteria get around.

934
00:56:03,318 --> 00:56:05,070
[whimsical music ends]

935
00:56:05,153 --> 00:56:08,823
Once that salmonella is dry,
it can stay on surfaces for months.

936
00:56:08,907 --> 00:56:11,743
It could still make someone sick
when ingested.

937
00:56:11,826 --> 00:56:15,914
You should know that when you bring
raw poultry into your kitchen,

938
00:56:15,997 --> 00:56:19,000
you are introducing
into your household a biohazard,

939
00:56:19,084 --> 00:56:20,960
and you should handle it accordingly.

940
00:56:23,380 --> 00:56:24,881
[chicken sizzling]

941
00:56:24,964 --> 00:56:26,800
[Lance] When you consume salmonella,

942
00:56:26,883 --> 00:56:30,970
some of those strains also
are resistant to multiple antibiotics,

943
00:56:31,054 --> 00:56:34,891
and so the likelihood that a treatment
is going to fail is much higher.

944
00:56:38,561 --> 00:56:41,189
Those bacteria are going to continue
to grow in your blood,

945
00:56:41,272 --> 00:56:43,900
and sadly, people die of these infections.

946
00:56:44,401 --> 00:56:48,822
[suspenseful music plays]

947
00:57:08,800 --> 00:57:11,386
[Mansour] So the way we test foods,

948
00:57:11,469 --> 00:57:15,640
I think the samples dropped off here
for us to test were five samples

949
00:57:15,723 --> 00:57:19,894
of… of chicken that were purchased
from local grocery stores.

950
00:57:21,813 --> 00:57:24,065
In about one hour, we get results,

951
00:57:25,483 --> 00:57:27,652
whether it has salmonella or not.

952
00:57:28,445 --> 00:57:30,196
[interviewer]
On our first day of production,

953
00:57:30,280 --> 00:57:32,866
we went to a food safety lab in Seattle.

954
00:57:32,949 --> 00:57:36,327
We picked up five brands
of raw chicken and tested them.

955
00:57:36,411 --> 00:57:39,581
And we were told by the lab,
"You're not gonna get positive results."

956
00:57:39,664 --> 00:57:40,957
"It's too small of a sample."

957
00:57:41,040 --> 00:57:43,793
We got one positive results,
and it was Perdue.

958
00:57:43,877 --> 00:57:46,713
-Can I just ask for your reaction to that?
-[smacks lips]

959
00:57:46,796 --> 00:57:53,136
I would say a chicken is, uh,
not even a fair thing to talk about.

960
00:57:53,219 --> 00:57:58,558
Uh, so, I mean, again,
we run hundreds of birds

961
00:57:58,641 --> 00:58:01,102
in order to understand where we're at.

962
00:58:01,186 --> 00:58:03,563
And the other part is I would wonder

963
00:58:03,646 --> 00:58:07,233
what the salmonella was in particular.

964
00:58:07,317 --> 00:58:08,651
[interviewer] It was infantis.

965
00:58:08,735 --> 00:58:14,324
Yeah. Having said that, one chicken
is not a fair… uh, fair discussion at all.

966
00:58:14,824 --> 00:58:18,119
[interviewer] What do you think would be
a fair sample set?

967
00:58:18,203 --> 00:58:23,249
A hundred and fifty, uh,
in a relatively short period of time.

968
00:58:25,752 --> 00:58:27,879
[tense music plays]

969
00:58:33,635 --> 00:58:38,389
[interviewer] So you're going
to be testing 150 chicken parts

970
00:58:38,473 --> 00:58:40,517
for us over the course of five weeks

971
00:58:40,600 --> 00:58:43,978
from the top four major brands
in this country.

972
00:58:48,358 --> 00:58:51,402
You're close to the end
of testing all one hundred--

973
00:58:51,486 --> 00:58:53,988
We're slightly--
We're about 60% of testing

974
00:58:54,072 --> 00:58:56,241
if you intend to bring in 150.

975
00:58:56,324 --> 00:59:00,328
Great. If I buy chicken
at the grocery store,

976
00:59:00,411 --> 00:59:02,372
should I assume it's safe for me?

977
00:59:02,455 --> 00:59:08,711
In this country, if you buy poultry,
uh, from any grocery store,

978
00:59:08,795 --> 00:59:11,631
regardless of the brand
of poultry that you buy,

979
00:59:12,298 --> 00:59:15,802
your… your primary assumption
should be that

980
00:59:15,885 --> 00:59:20,139
it contains pathogens
such as salmonella and campylobacter.

981
00:59:21,558 --> 00:59:26,271
The fact of the matter is salmonella
in chicken is okay to be sold.

982
00:59:26,354 --> 00:59:27,772
It's not an adulterant.

983
00:59:27,855 --> 00:59:33,152
So it's fine to knowingly sell
salmonella, campylobacter-tainted chicken.

984
00:59:33,236 --> 00:59:34,821
[easy listening music plays]

985
00:59:34,904 --> 00:59:39,075
There was a famous case where
the government and industry simply said

986
00:59:39,158 --> 00:59:42,579
that it was the housewife's job
to protect the family.

987
00:59:45,873 --> 00:59:47,500
[Brian] What it boils down to

988
00:59:47,584 --> 00:59:49,252
is the courts ruled that, you know,

989
00:59:49,335 --> 00:59:51,671
the salmonella can't be considered
an adulterant

990
00:59:51,754 --> 00:59:55,800
because housewives know
how to cook chicken.

991
00:59:55,883 --> 00:59:58,803
[narrator] Can she prepare
those favorite dishes of Tim's

992
00:59:58,886 --> 01:00:00,763
just like his mother used to make?

993
01:00:01,556 --> 01:00:04,350
[Brian] And therefore,
it doesn't pose a threat to human illness.

994
01:00:05,393 --> 01:00:09,897
[narrator] Remember, it pays to play safe
in the kitchen.

995
01:00:11,399 --> 01:00:15,194
This terrible court case
dealt a death blow

996
01:00:15,278 --> 01:00:19,115
to… to regulation in the United States
regarding salmonella.

997
01:00:19,198 --> 01:00:22,493
Sadly, a true death blow
to a lot of people since.

998
01:00:22,577 --> 01:00:26,372
The USDA throws up its hand and says,

999
01:00:26,456 --> 01:00:32,295
"Toxic salmonella are a normal part
of raw chicken."

1000
01:00:32,378 --> 01:00:35,048
"You don't want toxic salmonella?
Cook it."

1001
01:00:39,552 --> 01:00:41,220
[Bill] That's what we're trying to change.

1002
01:00:41,971 --> 01:00:44,557
The burden shouldn't be with consumers.

1003
01:00:45,725 --> 01:00:48,811
And that's why we filed
a petition with the USDA.

1004
01:00:50,271 --> 01:00:52,815
[tense music plays]

1005
01:01:03,117 --> 01:01:06,079
Well, welcome. Let me just say
it's so good to really be,

1006
01:01:06,162 --> 01:01:08,247
uh, with… with all of you.

1007
01:01:08,331 --> 01:01:12,377
I… I just have such high regard
for the work that you do and…

1008
01:01:12,460 --> 01:01:16,756
I know, Bill, you have petitions
that you have moving forward,

1009
01:01:16,839 --> 01:01:20,009
and Sarah, you do, uh, as well.

1010
01:01:20,093 --> 01:01:22,512
And I'd love to have you just update me.

1011
01:01:23,096 --> 01:01:28,810
I made a really broad petition
that would essentially encompass

1012
01:01:28,893 --> 01:01:33,356
making all salmonellas
that cause human disease an adulterant.

1013
01:01:33,439 --> 01:01:37,568
Draw a line in the sand and say, you know,
"Thou shalt not have a pathogen

1014
01:01:37,652 --> 01:01:40,446
in your food that can sicken
or kill your kid."

1015
01:01:40,530 --> 01:01:42,323
[chuckles] Science supports that.

1016
01:01:42,407 --> 01:01:46,244
Yeah, these pathogens are taking advantage
of the gaps we have in our current system.

1017
01:01:46,327 --> 01:01:47,203
Yeah.

1018
01:01:47,286 --> 01:01:50,998
I mean, I think the common thread
of all the work that we're all doing

1019
01:01:51,082 --> 01:01:54,168
is modernizing the outdated system
that we have now.

1020
01:01:54,252 --> 01:01:56,838
[splutters] That's the importance
of this conversation.

1021
01:01:56,921 --> 01:01:58,881
You spoke, Sarah, about the gaps.

1022
01:01:58,965 --> 01:02:02,385
-[Sarah] Mm.
-Where are-- And I speak legislatively.

1023
01:02:02,468 --> 01:02:05,513
Where are the gaps
that we need to try to fill in?

1024
01:02:05,596 --> 01:02:07,432
We really don't have a government agency

1025
01:02:07,515 --> 01:02:10,518
that's able to go onto farms
and look at food safety risks.

1026
01:02:10,601 --> 01:02:16,065
They can regulate diseases
that cause animal illnesses,

1027
01:02:16,149 --> 01:02:21,070
but they turn a blind eye to the diseases
that cause human illness.

1028
01:02:21,154 --> 01:02:23,698
If it makes you sick…

1029
01:02:25,700 --> 01:02:27,702
[hesitates] …let's regulate it.

1030
01:02:27,785 --> 01:02:28,661
We can do it,

1031
01:02:28,745 --> 01:02:31,748
but I… I don't have
to tell anyone around this table

1032
01:02:31,831 --> 01:02:33,708
about the strength of the lobby.

1033
01:02:33,791 --> 01:02:34,876
-[Bill] Right.
-[Brian] Yeah.

1034
01:02:34,959 --> 01:02:36,878
[Rosa] You have to know
what you're up against.

1035
01:02:37,378 --> 01:02:42,383
The food lobbyists are more powerful
than the consumer at the moment.

1036
01:02:42,467 --> 01:02:44,927
It's… it's very, very political.

1037
01:02:45,511 --> 01:02:46,471
Um…

1038
01:02:46,554 --> 01:02:52,477
In… in a very, um…
in my view, in a dangerous way.

1039
01:02:53,144 --> 01:02:55,146
[tense music plays]

1040
01:02:59,484 --> 01:03:02,570
[Marion] Food companies hate regulation.

1041
01:03:03,112 --> 01:03:05,698
They pay very expensive lobbyists

1042
01:03:05,782 --> 01:03:07,533
to lobby the federal government

1043
01:03:07,617 --> 01:03:13,080
to make sure that the regulatory oversight
is extremely limited.

1044
01:03:13,164 --> 01:03:14,874
Madam chairman and committee members,

1045
01:03:14,957 --> 01:03:17,877
as you can appreciate,
there are many issues impacting the state

1046
01:03:17,960 --> 01:03:20,505
of the chicken industry
as I speak to you today.

1047
01:03:21,005 --> 01:03:23,508
[Marion] They go to Congress and say,

1048
01:03:23,591 --> 01:03:26,427
"We know you're considering a bill

1049
01:03:26,511 --> 01:03:31,390
to pass very tight regulations
about food safety."

1050
01:03:31,474 --> 01:03:35,520
As Henry Ford once said,
"Don't find fault. Find a remedy."

1051
01:03:36,354 --> 01:03:37,980
[Bill] As soon as we propose something,

1052
01:03:38,606 --> 01:03:40,900
you know,
the industry groups are gonna come in,

1053
01:03:40,983 --> 01:03:43,528
and they're gonna have their stories

1054
01:03:43,611 --> 01:03:46,864
about why this would be burdensome
on industry,

1055
01:03:46,948 --> 01:03:49,283
and meat prices are gonna go higher,

1056
01:03:49,367 --> 01:03:53,454
people are gonna lose their jobs,
and it's the consumer's responsibility.

1057
01:03:53,538 --> 01:03:56,874
All those arguments
were the ones they said,

1058
01:03:56,958 --> 01:04:01,254
you know, when E. coli O157:H7
was listed as an adulterant.

1059
01:04:01,337 --> 01:04:04,006
You know, the world was gonna fall apart,
and it didn't.

1060
01:04:04,090 --> 01:04:06,092
[tense music ends]

1061
01:04:08,386 --> 01:04:11,430
[Mindy] I was
the undersecretary for food safety

1062
01:04:11,514 --> 01:04:15,268
which was the highest-ranking
food safety official in the US.

1063
01:04:16,018 --> 01:04:18,646
And, I mean, I'm a scientist.
I'm not a politician.

1064
01:04:18,729 --> 01:04:20,815
I was there to make the food supply safe.

1065
01:04:22,441 --> 01:04:27,238
When you put agendas
and, you know, political interest aside,

1066
01:04:27,321 --> 01:04:28,823
then you can solve problems.

1067
01:04:28,906 --> 01:04:32,034
You can get data,
you can find the answers,

1068
01:04:32,118 --> 01:04:34,495
and then you can find something
that actually works.

1069
01:04:34,579 --> 01:04:37,874
Obviously, regulations are important.
I'm not saying they're not.

1070
01:04:37,957 --> 01:04:41,085
But it's better for us to be able
to come to the table

1071
01:04:41,168 --> 01:04:43,504
before we have to move to regulation.

1072
01:04:44,255 --> 01:04:47,258
[interviewer] When you were nominated
for your position by President Trump,

1073
01:04:47,341 --> 01:04:50,761
a lobbyist for the National Cattlemen's
Beef Association said that this was

1074
01:04:50,845 --> 01:04:53,055
great news for the industry.

1075
01:04:53,139 --> 01:04:55,933
Why was the industry
so excited about you in particular?

1076
01:04:56,017 --> 01:04:57,351
Because I'm a scientist,

1077
01:04:57,435 --> 01:05:00,396
and they knew I'd make
data-driven, science-based decisions.

1078
01:05:01,314 --> 01:05:03,816
[interviewer]
It had nothing to do with the fact

1079
01:05:03,900 --> 01:05:06,611
that you had received a lot of money
for your research

1080
01:05:06,694 --> 01:05:09,238
from this very same group over the years?

1081
01:05:09,322 --> 01:05:11,240
No. I mean… [splutters]

1082
01:05:11,324 --> 01:05:12,575
No. [chuckles]

1083
01:05:13,200 --> 01:05:16,913
I do wish that that money, you know,
was my personal money.

1084
01:05:16,996 --> 01:05:19,916
It never-- It wasn't.
It was university given to--

1085
01:05:19,999 --> 01:05:23,252
It was money given
to the university to do research.

1086
01:05:23,336 --> 01:05:27,798
And that's how we fund research programs,
is through grants from the cattlemen,

1087
01:05:27,882 --> 01:05:31,761
through, uh, you know, the meat institute,
all those different organizations.

1088
01:05:31,844 --> 01:05:35,264
[interviewer] Are you saying it isn't
a conflict of interest for you to regulate

1089
01:05:35,348 --> 01:05:38,517
the very industry that has funded
so many of your studies?

1090
01:05:38,601 --> 01:05:42,855
It didn't necessarily change the way
I looked at the industry at all.

1091
01:05:42,939 --> 01:05:46,651
If anything, you know,
I knew where the pathogens were

1092
01:05:46,734 --> 01:05:48,235
and how to control them

1093
01:05:48,319 --> 01:05:51,155
and all of those different components
of the industry.

1094
01:05:51,238 --> 01:05:54,575
So I think it just made me
a stronger person in that position.

1095
01:05:55,701 --> 01:05:58,329
[interviewer] Was your nomination
also great news, do you think,

1096
01:05:58,412 --> 01:06:01,499
for the consumers that rely on
the government to keep their food safe?

1097
01:06:01,582 --> 01:06:04,752
Yes. I'm a very strong consumer advocate.

1098
01:06:12,468 --> 01:06:16,347
And, you know, it's not just, you know,
Mindy Brashears, you know.

1099
01:06:16,430 --> 01:06:18,099
It's everyone in government.

1100
01:06:18,182 --> 01:06:22,311
They get into this…
you know, into this political realm.

1101
01:06:22,395 --> 01:06:25,731
And it doesn't seem like they really

1102
01:06:25,815 --> 01:06:29,318
are paying attention
to the people's business.

1103
01:06:30,486 --> 01:06:34,240
[interviewer] Have you made a decision
on the Marler petition yet?

1104
01:06:34,323 --> 01:06:35,741
No, we have not.

1105
01:06:35,825 --> 01:06:40,496
We are examining and assessing
the requests in the context

1106
01:06:40,579 --> 01:06:44,750
of our larger salmonella initiative.

1107
01:06:44,834 --> 01:06:49,171
Their goal in each of the petitions
is to do a better job

1108
01:06:49,255 --> 01:06:54,844
at reducing salmonella,
the strains that make people sick.

1109
01:06:54,927 --> 01:06:58,055
We have the same exact goal.

1110
01:06:59,515 --> 01:07:03,978
When Mike Taylor deemed
E. coli O157:H7 an adulterant,

1111
01:07:04,061 --> 01:07:05,855
he had complete authority to do that.

1112
01:07:05,938 --> 01:07:08,524
There's absolutely no reason that,

1113
01:07:08,607 --> 01:07:14,739
uh, Sandy Eskin couldn't do exactly
the same thing on her own right now.

1114
01:07:14,822 --> 01:07:16,240
[interviewer] She has the authority?

1115
01:07:16,323 --> 01:07:20,911
Absolutely. She has the authority to deem
salmonella an adulterant in chicken.

1116
01:07:20,995 --> 01:07:22,621
[interviewer] So why doesn't she?

1117
01:07:22,705 --> 01:07:25,416
Because, uh, the industry would…

1118
01:07:25,499 --> 01:07:28,085
And I should say this
knowing that it's chicken,

1119
01:07:28,169 --> 01:07:32,048
the industry would squawk, um,
and they would squawk loudly.

1120
01:07:32,131 --> 01:07:34,133
[chickens clucking loudly]

1121
01:07:35,968 --> 01:07:39,388
I feel like the industry
hasn't held up their end of the bargain.

1122
01:07:40,806 --> 01:07:41,849
You can go to Europe

1123
01:07:41,932 --> 01:07:43,726
and buy packages that are labeled,

1124
01:07:43,809 --> 01:07:45,728
you know, "pathogen-free" there.

1125
01:07:45,811 --> 01:07:47,813
You can't get that in the United States.

1126
01:07:49,815 --> 01:07:51,192
[Sarah] They went back to the farm,

1127
01:07:51,275 --> 01:07:54,236
and they prioritized getting rid
of the worst types of salmonella

1128
01:07:54,320 --> 01:07:55,446
that make humans sick.

1129
01:07:56,030 --> 01:07:58,574
[Bill] They vaccinate chicken
against salmonella.

1130
01:07:58,657 --> 01:08:02,369
They sometimes eradicate flocks
that are contaminated with salmonella,

1131
01:08:02,453 --> 01:08:05,831
and they do those interventions
before they hit the slaughterhouse

1132
01:08:05,915 --> 01:08:10,336
because once they hit the slaughterhouse,
you know, it's not gonna help.

1133
01:08:10,836 --> 01:08:12,838
[tense music plays]

1134
01:08:17,093 --> 01:08:20,554
So it's not like we can't do it.

1135
01:08:20,638 --> 01:08:26,268
Um, we just don't have
the political will yet to do it.

1136
01:08:29,105 --> 01:08:31,023
[whirring]

1137
01:08:31,107 --> 01:08:34,026
When you look at what happened
to Stephanie Ingberg,

1138
01:08:34,693 --> 01:08:37,488
there's no question
we're not doing enough.

1139
01:08:37,571 --> 01:08:40,658
The government's not doing enough.
The industry's not doing enough.

1140
01:08:40,741 --> 01:08:42,118
[heart monitor beeping]

1141
01:08:45,079 --> 01:08:47,123
[Scott] Stephanie, you know,
when we first found out

1142
01:08:47,206 --> 01:08:50,751
that first morning that she was back
that she may not live very much longer,

1143
01:08:50,835 --> 01:08:56,257
the fact that she didn't die, uh,
gave us hope. She was still with us.

1144
01:08:56,340 --> 01:08:59,093
She was still in a coma.
We couldn't communicate with her.

1145
01:08:59,176 --> 01:09:01,846
They… they didn't know
why she wasn't waking up.

1146
01:09:01,929 --> 01:09:04,723
And I think that's what led
to the question about the brain injury,

1147
01:09:04,807 --> 01:09:06,100
that she just wasn't waking up.

1148
01:09:06,183 --> 01:09:08,185
[heart monitor beeping]

1149
01:09:08,936 --> 01:09:10,771
The priest came in saying a prayer.

1150
01:09:12,064 --> 01:09:14,817
And during that prayer,
her eyes just started to slit open.

1151
01:09:14,900 --> 01:09:16,819
And that was the first sign of waking up.

1152
01:09:18,112 --> 01:09:18,946
Yeah.

1153
01:09:21,699 --> 01:09:23,367
[sniffles] Okay.

1154
01:09:23,450 --> 01:09:25,870
[Stephanie]
I specifically remember when I woke up,

1155
01:09:26,370 --> 01:09:29,915
everyone was surrounding me,
and everyone was very emotional around me.

1156
01:09:29,999 --> 01:09:32,543
I'm like, "What is the big deal?
Why is everyone so sad right now?"

1157
01:09:32,626 --> 01:09:34,003
"I don't understand."

1158
01:09:34,086 --> 01:09:36,088
[dramatic music plays]

1159
01:09:39,466 --> 01:09:43,888
So they were telling me
that I got, um, a strain of E. coli.

1160
01:09:43,971 --> 01:09:44,972
[Pablo] Okay.

1161
01:09:45,472 --> 01:09:47,600
Do you have any pain when I poke in there?

1162
01:09:47,683 --> 01:09:48,559
-No.
-[Pablo] No.

1163
01:09:49,810 --> 01:09:53,230
[Stephanie] And it can give you HUS,
which is a fatal kidney disease,

1164
01:09:53,314 --> 01:09:54,398
which is what I got.

1165
01:09:58,819 --> 01:10:03,282
[Pablo] This condition in her body was
like a nuclear bomb exploding inside you,

1166
01:10:03,365 --> 01:10:05,910
where it hits every single organ,

1167
01:10:05,993 --> 01:10:08,621
and then you have to get there
and pick up the pieces.

1168
01:10:10,873 --> 01:10:13,417
[Pablo in scene] Okay, good,
we're gonna go to the left side now.

1169
01:10:14,376 --> 01:10:17,838
[Stephanie] It took me a long time
to rebuild my strength.

1170
01:10:18,589 --> 01:10:20,507
-[Pablo] Feels better, huh?
-[chuckles]

1171
01:10:20,591 --> 01:10:24,261
My coma kind of knocked me out
for the hardest parts,

1172
01:10:24,345 --> 01:10:25,679
but I know there were moments

1173
01:10:25,763 --> 01:10:28,682
that my family and my doctors
didn't think I was gonna make it through,

1174
01:10:28,766 --> 01:10:30,434
which has been really hard on them.

1175
01:10:30,517 --> 01:10:34,271
And it's hard for me
to know that I put them through that pain.

1176
01:10:34,980 --> 01:10:35,814
Um…

1177
01:10:38,317 --> 01:10:39,151
But…

1178
01:10:39,652 --> 01:10:40,486
Yeah.

1179
01:10:41,654 --> 01:10:44,823
Control it all the way.
I'm gonna look at your knees as you go.

1180
01:10:44,907 --> 01:10:47,159
[Stephanie]
I had a lot of physical therapy,

1181
01:10:47,243 --> 01:10:49,912
a handful of outpatient dialysis visits.

1182
01:10:49,995 --> 01:10:51,914
I had doctor's appointments every day.

1183
01:10:51,997 --> 01:10:55,417
My mom couldn't go back to work
for months because she had to drive me

1184
01:10:55,501 --> 01:10:58,796
to probably two
or three doctor's appointments every day.

1185
01:10:58,879 --> 01:11:03,592
You know, I had a few goals
set in place that helped motivate me.

1186
01:11:03,676 --> 01:11:05,511
You know, I was graduating in May.

1187
01:11:05,594 --> 01:11:09,265
Being able to, um,
you know, walk at graduation

1188
01:11:10,182 --> 01:11:13,060
was one of my biggest goals
because at the time I couldn't walk.

1189
01:11:13,143 --> 01:11:15,396
[crowd cheering]

1190
01:11:21,944 --> 01:11:23,070
[sniffles]

1191
01:11:23,153 --> 01:11:26,282
And I'm crying,
but I achieved all those goals.

1192
01:11:26,365 --> 01:11:29,743
You know, I… I got to go to prom.
I got to walk at graduation…

1193
01:11:29,827 --> 01:11:31,036
[camera shutter clicks]

1194
01:11:33,789 --> 01:11:36,583
…which, you know,
I feel like I'm pretty lucky

1195
01:11:36,667 --> 01:11:38,836
to be able to say I was able to do,

1196
01:11:38,919 --> 01:11:41,380
given the circumstances. [sniffles]

1197
01:11:42,715 --> 01:11:45,259
You are still having
protein spillage in the urine.

1198
01:11:45,926 --> 01:11:48,304
That is unfortunately not normal.

1199
01:11:48,387 --> 01:11:51,598
And that's why we're using,
uh, this medication, Lisinopril.

1200
01:11:52,141 --> 01:11:54,351
Unfortunately, uh,

1201
01:11:55,352 --> 01:11:59,148
it's been four years now,
and I'm not seeing this going away.

1202
01:12:00,524 --> 01:12:02,818
[Stephanie] I'm kind of nervous
for what the future holds

1203
01:12:02,901 --> 01:12:06,155
with my kidney health and everything.
I try not to think about it.

1204
01:12:07,865 --> 01:12:09,742
I have to take a medication every day

1205
01:12:09,825 --> 01:12:13,746
to try to tighten the filters
in my kidneys.

1206
01:12:14,705 --> 01:12:17,166
I've talked to my nephrologist,
and there's a possibility

1207
01:12:17,249 --> 01:12:19,293
that I might have to get
a kidney transplant.

1208
01:12:19,376 --> 01:12:23,630
I mean, I might have to be
on dialysis for the rest of my life.

1209
01:12:23,714 --> 01:12:25,299
Like, you never wanna hear that.

1210
01:12:25,799 --> 01:12:27,801
[chair creaking]

1211
01:12:30,387 --> 01:12:34,016
[Sarah] I think some people tend
to brush off foodborne illness.

1212
01:12:36,477 --> 01:12:37,770
Oh, it's a little stomach ache.

1213
01:12:37,853 --> 01:12:40,689
You know, it's some extra time
in the bathroom. It's no big deal.

1214
01:12:42,483 --> 01:12:45,319
[Stephanie] It is so much more
than that, you know.

1215
01:12:45,402 --> 01:12:49,615
It's comas and brain damage
and kidney trauma

1216
01:12:49,698 --> 01:12:52,326
and definitely should be taken seriously.

1217
01:12:52,409 --> 01:12:54,495
I ate a salad, and, you know,

1218
01:12:54,578 --> 01:12:58,332
now I have
long-term health effects from it.

1219
01:12:58,415 --> 01:13:00,417
[tense music plays]

1220
01:13:02,628 --> 01:13:06,882
[Brian] If you were to develop a list
of the highest-risk foods right now,

1221
01:13:06,965 --> 01:13:10,844
romaine lettuce would be near the top,
if not at the top.

1222
01:13:12,137 --> 01:13:14,473
[interviewer]
I'm curious if you eat romaine?

1223
01:13:14,556 --> 01:13:15,391
I don't.

1224
01:13:16,100 --> 01:13:17,518
[interviewer] Do you eat romaine?

1225
01:13:17,601 --> 01:13:21,563
[splutters] I do steer clear of romaine
for the most part.

1226
01:13:21,647 --> 01:13:22,648
[laughs]

1227
01:13:22,731 --> 01:13:25,109
I mean, I think about it
every time I eat it.

1228
01:13:25,192 --> 01:13:28,987
I, you know…
I've rolled the dice. [laughs]

1229
01:13:29,655 --> 01:13:32,616
[interviewer] Are there any foods
that you both absolutely avoid?

1230
01:13:33,117 --> 01:13:37,162
Bagged-- We don't buy
prepackaged bagged salads.

1231
01:13:37,246 --> 01:13:38,163
-Um…
-[Julie] Yeah.

1232
01:13:38,247 --> 01:13:43,836
We kind of tend to shy away from romaine,
especially from Yuma or Salinas.

1233
01:13:45,212 --> 01:13:47,714
[birds chirping]

1234
01:13:51,969 --> 01:13:54,430
[interviewer]
Has the LGMA response prevented

1235
01:13:54,513 --> 01:13:56,640
leafy greens outbreaks in your opinion?

1236
01:13:57,724 --> 01:14:01,270
LGMA has made a significant difference
in this industry.

1237
01:14:02,146 --> 01:14:04,148
[interviewer] Are there any studies
that document

1238
01:14:04,231 --> 01:14:07,943
the improvement of safety
after the implementation of LGMA?

1239
01:14:08,026 --> 01:14:10,112
[inhales, exhales]

1240
01:14:15,993 --> 01:14:17,744
I don't know of any. [inhales]

1241
01:14:17,828 --> 01:14:20,622
[interviewer] So you say
that you feel confident

1242
01:14:20,706 --> 01:14:22,416
that it's prevented certain outbreaks--

1243
01:14:22,499 --> 01:14:23,417
Absolutely.

1244
01:14:23,500 --> 01:14:25,085
[interviewer] I want to run through

1245
01:14:26,044 --> 01:14:28,297
some things that have gone down
the past five years.

1246
01:14:28,380 --> 01:14:31,592
So September 2017,
eight people sick from spinach.

1247
01:14:31,675 --> 01:14:36,889
November 2017, 67 people sick
from another unknown leafy green outbreak.

1248
01:14:36,972 --> 01:14:40,642
Then the following year in March,
a big one, 248 people, five dead.

1249
01:14:40,726 --> 01:14:42,269
April 2018, ten people.

1250
01:14:42,352 --> 01:14:45,564
October 2018,
three separate leafy green outbreaks,

1251
01:14:45,647 --> 01:14:47,065
sickening 135 people.

1252
01:14:47,149 --> 01:14:50,027
November, same thing, 167 people sick.

1253
01:14:50,110 --> 01:14:52,779
November 2019,
two more outbreaks that same year.

1254
01:14:52,863 --> 01:14:55,532
October 2020, 40 people.

1255
01:14:55,616 --> 01:14:57,659
This isn't a great track record, is it?

1256
01:14:58,702 --> 01:15:00,245
I think we have a lot to be proud of.

1257
01:15:00,329 --> 01:15:03,874
Certainly, every one of those
is… is a tragic incident

1258
01:15:03,957 --> 01:15:06,043
and the effect it had on those consumers.

1259
01:15:06,126 --> 01:15:10,714
But I am confident of the progress
that we have made through the LGMA

1260
01:15:10,797 --> 01:15:13,217
and the difference we have made
in the industry.

1261
01:15:15,052 --> 01:15:17,054
[tense music plays]

1262
01:15:18,972 --> 01:15:21,266
[Christine] One thing that jumped out
at me when reporting

1263
01:15:21,350 --> 01:15:23,060
on these romaine lettuce outbreaks

1264
01:15:23,143 --> 01:15:26,188
is how little the federal government

1265
01:15:26,271 --> 01:15:28,232
was doing to address them.

1266
01:15:28,315 --> 01:15:30,776
[machine whirring]

1267
01:15:30,859 --> 01:15:33,904
For many years, we've given
the responsibility to the businesses

1268
01:15:33,987 --> 01:15:37,366
and let them take responsibility,
and that's not working.

1269
01:15:38,242 --> 01:15:39,868
[interviewer] I'm being asked to wrap up.

1270
01:15:39,952 --> 01:15:43,830
What do you want the viewers
to know about this issue?

1271
01:15:44,414 --> 01:15:46,208
Well, I would like your viewers to know

1272
01:15:46,291 --> 01:15:49,419
that the US has among
the safest food systems in the world.

1273
01:15:49,503 --> 01:15:53,674
But we plan to work together
to create an even safer, more digital,

1274
01:15:53,757 --> 01:15:57,719
transparent, and sustainable food system
that's going to be good for consumers.

1275
01:15:57,803 --> 01:16:00,973
It'll be good for producers,
and it will be good for the planet.

1276
01:16:03,517 --> 01:16:05,894
I can't even tell you how many times

1277
01:16:05,978 --> 01:16:10,107
I have heard policymakers,
executives, leaders say the phrase,

1278
01:16:10,190 --> 01:16:12,526
"America has the safest food system
in the world."

1279
01:16:12,609 --> 01:16:17,322
But there seems
to have been this endless cycle

1280
01:16:17,406 --> 01:16:23,203
of failure and outbreaks
and recalls and illnesses and deaths.

1281
01:16:23,287 --> 01:16:25,038
You know, when I hear politicians say,

1282
01:16:25,122 --> 01:16:27,332
"We've got the safest food system
in the world,"

1283
01:16:27,416 --> 01:16:30,502
it's just… it's laughable. We don't have
the safest food system in the world.

1284
01:16:30,586 --> 01:16:33,422
I mean, these pathogens are controllable.
We're not controlling them.

1285
01:16:33,505 --> 01:16:35,841
We're in the United States.
We expect better.

1286
01:16:36,967 --> 01:16:41,430
And when the safety of our food supply
lets us down, it lets us down big-time.

1287
01:16:41,513 --> 01:16:44,850
[dramatic music plays]

1288
01:16:58,739 --> 01:17:00,741
[chickens clucking]

1289
01:17:13,045 --> 01:17:16,798
[Brian] Right now, the government is not
doing enough to protect consumers.

1290
01:17:18,216 --> 01:17:21,303
And then consumers,
because the burden is often on them

1291
01:17:21,386 --> 01:17:22,596
when it gets to that level,

1292
01:17:22,679 --> 01:17:25,891
you know, they have to make sure that
they're taking the proper steps at home.

1293
01:17:25,974 --> 01:17:27,976
[upbeat music plays]

1294
01:17:30,228 --> 01:17:34,399
I would say number one food
on my list that I avoid is cantaloupe.

1295
01:17:35,692 --> 01:17:37,444
You cannot properly clean the outside,

1296
01:17:37,527 --> 01:17:40,489
and once you bring that knife through it,
it's too late.

1297
01:17:40,572 --> 01:17:42,574
And there's no kill step for cantaloupe.

1298
01:17:43,867 --> 01:17:45,702
Number two is sprouts.

1299
01:17:46,536 --> 01:17:49,748
Every other year,
there's a significant outbreak

1300
01:17:49,831 --> 01:17:52,250
where there's just no way to clean them.

1301
01:17:53,585 --> 01:17:56,880
I would say number three
would be bagged lettuce.

1302
01:17:58,256 --> 01:18:01,218
Your spring mix.
Your different salad mixes.

1303
01:18:01,301 --> 01:18:05,055
You don't necessarily know
how many heads of lettuce that came from.

1304
01:18:05,138 --> 01:18:07,391
Or do you even know
if it came from any one place?

1305
01:18:13,063 --> 01:18:15,941
[Bill] All the outbreaks
that I've been involved in

1306
01:18:16,608 --> 01:18:20,737
are triple-washed, bagged,
and shipped around the country.

1307
01:18:22,406 --> 01:18:25,867
You know, buy it in a whole head
and wash it yourself.

1308
01:18:26,493 --> 01:18:28,203
Control your own environment.

1309
01:18:30,622 --> 01:18:32,290
[Sarah] Today,
when we were ordering lunch,

1310
01:18:32,374 --> 01:18:34,960
I avoided everything that has
that little star on it on the menu

1311
01:18:35,043 --> 01:18:38,588
saying consumption of undercooked meat
can expose you to risk.

1312
01:18:38,672 --> 01:18:40,924
So there was
some raw fish they were serving,

1313
01:18:41,007 --> 01:18:42,801
and I, uh, took a pass on that one.

1314
01:18:45,846 --> 01:18:48,932
[Timothy] You need to decide, "Am I
a person who loves raw oysters enough

1315
01:18:49,015 --> 01:18:53,061
that I want to take the risks
that are associated with raw oysters?"

1316
01:18:53,895 --> 01:18:56,648
[Sarah] I don't wanna be one
of those people who ends up losing a limb

1317
01:18:56,732 --> 01:18:58,650
because of, uh, you know, a night out.

1318
01:18:58,734 --> 01:19:00,026
Yeah.

1319
01:19:02,195 --> 01:19:03,822
Thank you. Thank you very much.

1320
01:19:03,905 --> 01:19:04,948
Thanks.

1321
01:19:07,242 --> 01:19:08,410
What are you having?

1322
01:19:08,952 --> 01:19:14,166
I'm gonna have a hamburger cooked
to 155 degrees internal temperature,

1323
01:19:14,666 --> 01:19:16,293
uh, french fries,

1324
01:19:16,376 --> 01:19:17,335
and that's it.

1325
01:19:17,419 --> 01:19:18,754
[server] Okay. You got it.

1326
01:19:19,254 --> 01:19:21,882
[burgers sizzling]

1327
01:19:21,965 --> 01:19:25,135
[Ben] When you go to a restaurant
and you want to order a hamburger,

1328
01:19:25,218 --> 01:19:28,013
the best thing to do
is order to temperature,

1329
01:19:28,597 --> 01:19:32,934
because medium rare, rare, well-done,
those are all subjective.

1330
01:19:33,018 --> 01:19:36,438
You can't look at color
or whether juices run clear.

1331
01:19:36,521 --> 01:19:39,858
And if they say, "We don't have
a thermometer. We can't cook to that."

1332
01:19:39,941 --> 01:19:41,735
Then I'd order something else.

1333
01:19:41,818 --> 01:19:42,861
[bell dings]

1334
01:19:50,535 --> 01:19:53,288
I think when I first started
doing this kind of work,

1335
01:19:53,371 --> 01:19:54,790
I kind of thought that,

1336
01:19:55,499 --> 01:19:58,752
you know, if you sued enough people
and you took enough money,

1337
01:19:58,835 --> 01:20:00,629
that that would change their behavior.

1338
01:20:00,712 --> 01:20:03,757
I just turned 64, you know,

1339
01:20:03,840 --> 01:20:08,178
and I just don't feel like
I've accomplished what I was hoping to do.

1340
01:20:08,970 --> 01:20:10,013
So…

1341
01:20:10,096 --> 01:20:14,351
'Cause I really did think, you know…
I really did think that, you know,

1342
01:20:14,434 --> 01:20:17,187
by the time I got to this stage that,

1343
01:20:17,979 --> 01:20:22,234
um, you know, this kind of thing
wouldn't be happening anymore.

1344
01:20:23,109 --> 01:20:24,319
But it happens

1345
01:20:24,820 --> 01:20:25,779
all the time.

1346
01:20:26,279 --> 01:20:29,908
♪ Buried, banging at your door ♪

1347
01:20:32,577 --> 01:20:34,830
♪ Don't hear a sound… ♪

1348
01:20:34,913 --> 01:20:39,501
After my son died,
I assumed that either the government,

1349
01:20:40,210 --> 01:20:41,753
you know, laws and policies,

1350
01:20:41,837 --> 01:20:44,506
or science and technology
would take care of this.

1351
01:20:44,589 --> 01:20:49,386
We wouldn't be dealing with food safety
like we're talking about in 1993.

1352
01:20:50,720 --> 01:20:52,722
♪ A rising steam… ♪

1353
01:20:54,891 --> 01:20:59,646
Regulators have the ability
to set the tone and to build a framework

1354
01:20:59,729 --> 01:21:02,065
that encourages industry
to do the right thing.

1355
01:21:02,148 --> 01:21:04,276
♪ On the devil's tree ♪

1356
01:21:06,319 --> 01:21:08,113
♪ I clutched a branch… ♪

1357
01:21:08,196 --> 01:21:12,033
If the public makes their voices heard

1358
01:21:12,993 --> 01:21:16,705
and puts pressure on their legislators,

1359
01:21:16,788 --> 01:21:20,667
let them know that this is not acceptable,

1360
01:21:20,750 --> 01:21:26,298
then I believe, yes,
legislators will act on their behalf.

1361
01:21:27,382 --> 01:21:30,218
♪ I walk alone ♪

1362
01:21:30,302 --> 01:21:32,345
♪ Beside myself… ♪

1363
01:21:32,429 --> 01:21:35,891
I think you just have to keep fighting
the battles that are in front of you,

1364
01:21:35,974 --> 01:21:39,227
and I still think
there are things more to do, um,

1365
01:21:39,311 --> 01:21:41,688
so I guess I got to get busy.

1366
01:21:41,771 --> 01:21:45,400
["Flesh and Bone" by Black Math continues]

1367
01:21:54,200 --> 01:21:55,493
♪ Ah ♪

1368
01:21:57,579 --> 01:22:01,041
♪ Ooh-ooh-ooh ♪

1369
01:22:05,503 --> 01:22:09,758
♪ Ah ♪

1370
01:22:09,841 --> 01:22:12,177
♪ I walk alone ♪

1371
01:22:12,928 --> 01:22:15,430
♪ Beside myself ♪

1372
01:22:16,181 --> 01:22:18,558
♪ Nowhere to go ♪

1373
01:22:22,562 --> 01:22:25,106
♪ This bleeding heart ♪

1374
01:22:25,815 --> 01:22:28,902
♪ Is in my hands ♪

1375
01:22:28,985 --> 01:22:32,155
♪ I fell apart ♪

1376
01:22:32,238 --> 01:22:35,450
♪ My flesh and bone ♪

1377
01:22:38,536 --> 01:22:41,706
♪ My flesh and bone ♪

1378
01:22:43,375 --> 01:22:45,168
♪ Ah ♪

1379
01:22:45,251 --> 01:22:47,963
♪ My flesh and bone ♪

1380
01:22:48,046 --> 01:22:51,341
["Flesh and Bone" by Black Math ends]

1381
01:22:53,093 --> 01:22:55,762
[sizzling]