1 00:00:03,628 --> 00:00:04,879 -Do you believe that our government is in 2 00:00:04,963 --> 00:00:06,631 possession of UAPs? 3 00:00:06,715 --> 00:00:09,259 -Absolutely, based on interviewing over 40 witnesses 4 00:00:09,342 --> 00:00:10,427 over 4 years. 5 00:00:10,885 --> 00:00:14,889 -It had no visible wings or any kind of engines... 6 00:00:15,765 --> 00:00:18,226 -The United States government has gathered a great deal of 7 00:00:18,309 --> 00:00:21,438 information about UAPs over many decades but has 8 00:00:21,521 --> 00:00:23,606 refused to share it with the American people. 9 00:00:24,149 --> 00:00:26,234 [Bill Nelson] So, we don't know what it is. 10 00:00:26,901 --> 00:00:28,236 But it's something. 11 00:00:28,319 --> 00:00:29,571 -The U.S. Navy has finally acknowledged that 12 00:00:29,654 --> 00:00:31,364 videos appearing to show UFOS flying through 13 00:00:31,448 --> 00:00:33,241 the air are real. 14 00:00:33,616 --> 00:00:35,410 -We've seen testimony from pilots. 15 00:00:35,493 --> 00:00:37,037 We've seen the videos. 16 00:00:37,412 --> 00:00:40,957 We've heard from the witnesses that there is more to this. 17 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:44,502 -I think people who had the experiences and 18 00:00:44,586 --> 00:00:46,254 seen things like I've seen, 19 00:00:46,629 --> 00:00:49,841 they're an integral part of this entire phenomenon. 20 00:00:51,509 --> 00:00:53,553 -As I first saw it, it came into view, 21 00:00:54,262 --> 00:00:56,181 glinting off the horizon. 22 00:00:56,848 --> 00:00:58,433 -We’re gonna get to the bottom of it dadgummit, 23 00:00:58,516 --> 00:00:59,851 whatever the truth may be. 24 00:01:00,310 --> 00:01:02,187 -But more and more researchers believe that we 25 00:01:02,270 --> 00:01:04,355 won't get to the bottom of anything by 26 00:01:04,439 --> 00:01:06,232 waiting for the government's help. 27 00:01:06,649 --> 00:01:10,278 -It's an intelligence failure to not collect 28 00:01:10,612 --> 00:01:12,530 the data and not believe it. 29 00:01:13,114 --> 00:01:14,407 -I know how the government works. 30 00:01:14,491 --> 00:01:16,367 They're not being fully open and transparent. 31 00:01:16,451 --> 00:01:18,620 An object is seen to go into the water. 32 00:01:18,703 --> 00:01:20,663 How about releasing that video that was leaked? 33 00:01:22,082 --> 00:01:23,500 -We've made a lot of progress but we're 34 00:01:23,583 --> 00:01:25,085 not there yet. 35 00:01:25,752 --> 00:01:28,129 If we've learned anything over the last 70 years, 36 00:01:28,213 --> 00:01:31,424 it's that scientific study of this phenomena will continue 37 00:01:31,508 --> 00:01:33,718 whether the government wants it to or not. 38 00:01:34,969 --> 00:01:36,971 -We're seeing these independent scientific groups, 39 00:01:37,055 --> 00:01:38,306 that's where the action is. 40 00:01:38,389 --> 00:01:40,350 And they're willing to dive into this subject and 41 00:01:40,433 --> 00:01:42,060 really try to get some measurements. 42 00:01:42,644 --> 00:01:46,189 -If we can gather enough information and data from these 43 00:01:46,272 --> 00:01:48,817 phenomena we might be able to explain what 44 00:01:48,900 --> 00:01:50,401 that technology is. 45 00:01:51,653 --> 00:01:54,030 -Any life, happening anywhere else, 46 00:01:54,114 --> 00:01:56,074 would be the most revolutionary discovery 47 00:01:56,157 --> 00:01:57,575 in the history of humanity. 48 00:01:58,368 --> 00:01:59,369 [♪ theme music playing] 49 00:01:59,452 --> 00:02:00,995 -We get reports every night. 50 00:02:01,079 --> 00:02:02,372 -I don't know what the hell it is. 51 00:02:02,455 --> 00:02:04,541 -Rotating right around it. 52 00:02:05,834 --> 00:02:09,170 [♪ theme music playing] 53 00:02:18,263 --> 00:02:20,640 -I was flying home from Myrtle Beach 54 00:02:20,723 --> 00:02:21,891 going into LaGuardia. 55 00:02:22,767 --> 00:02:24,519 I was coming back from a cheer competition 56 00:02:24,602 --> 00:02:25,728 with my daughter. 57 00:02:27,021 --> 00:02:28,148 It was just pretty outside. 58 00:02:28,231 --> 00:02:30,024 It was such a beautiful day out. 59 00:02:30,108 --> 00:02:31,192 It was about 2:30. 60 00:02:31,276 --> 00:02:33,278 I was looking at the bridge, 61 00:02:33,361 --> 00:02:35,280 so I'm like, let's just take some videos. 62 00:02:36,447 --> 00:02:39,534 And then I noticed this object going past really fast. 63 00:02:42,871 --> 00:02:44,622 What is this? 64 00:02:45,206 --> 00:02:46,749 That was really close to the plane. 65 00:02:50,003 --> 00:02:53,006 I was honestly like alarmed with how close it was, 66 00:02:53,089 --> 00:02:54,966 because what if that did hit the plane? 67 00:02:57,552 --> 00:02:58,636 When I got home that night, 68 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:01,222 I looked back at the video and I just really 69 00:03:01,306 --> 00:03:02,724 wanted to know what the object was. 70 00:03:04,392 --> 00:03:05,560 When I first saw it, 71 00:03:05,643 --> 00:03:07,812 I thought maybe a drone, possibly. 72 00:03:07,896 --> 00:03:10,857 But it was so fast and so close to the plane, 73 00:03:10,940 --> 00:03:13,151 that I'm like, there's no way it could be a drone. 74 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:17,405 My dad was in the Navy and when he saw it, 75 00:03:17,488 --> 00:03:18,948 he didn't know what it was either. 76 00:03:19,824 --> 00:03:21,868 He thought someone should be aware of it 77 00:03:21,951 --> 00:03:24,078 in case it's a safety hazard. 78 00:03:24,329 --> 00:03:27,123 He really encouraged me to send it to the FAA. 79 00:03:27,457 --> 00:03:28,791 So that’s what I did. 80 00:03:29,792 --> 00:03:32,128 And they haven't responded to me. 81 00:03:32,212 --> 00:03:34,881 But I’m not this person that goes down this rabbit hole of 82 00:03:34,964 --> 00:03:38,301 UFOs and trying to decipher what things are. 83 00:03:40,511 --> 00:03:43,556 All I wanted was like an answer to what it could be. 84 00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:46,059 I honestly don't know what it is til this day. 85 00:03:53,524 --> 00:03:55,693 -What are we seeing up there? 86 00:03:56,569 --> 00:03:58,655 I don't think there's going to be a singular answer. 87 00:03:59,697 --> 00:04:02,617 But I am proceeding as if no one is going to tell us 88 00:04:02,700 --> 00:04:05,036 anything and that we have to get our answers ourself. 89 00:04:06,454 --> 00:04:09,499 I think that is the best path to lead us to real 90 00:04:09,582 --> 00:04:10,959 answers in the future. 91 00:04:12,252 --> 00:04:14,212 -If we really wanna solve the UAP problem, 92 00:04:14,295 --> 00:04:16,214 we need new data collected by 93 00:04:16,297 --> 00:04:18,258 scientists working independently. 94 00:04:18,925 --> 00:04:20,218 And as scientists, 95 00:04:20,301 --> 00:04:22,929 we are in a different position today. 96 00:04:24,430 --> 00:04:27,600 The technology to develop your own independent UAP 97 00:04:27,684 --> 00:04:31,354 search is available to anyone and it's affordable... 98 00:04:32,313 --> 00:04:34,524 ...makes this now in the domain of the 99 00:04:34,607 --> 00:04:37,735 "everyman scientist" and not purely in the 100 00:04:37,819 --> 00:04:39,028 domain of government. 101 00:04:41,197 --> 00:04:43,741 -This is the essence of science. We have a question. 102 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:46,786 We need to go out and find the answer to that question, 103 00:04:47,412 --> 00:04:49,372 and we have the instrument to do it. 104 00:04:54,460 --> 00:04:56,087 -Oh my god. It's coming at us, dude. 105 00:04:57,714 --> 00:04:58,798 [Mitch Randall] For many years, 106 00:04:58,881 --> 00:05:00,925 there was no good data on tornadoes. 107 00:05:01,009 --> 00:05:03,011 But we had an issue in how to predict where these 108 00:05:03,094 --> 00:05:04,554 storms were going to be, 109 00:05:04,637 --> 00:05:07,056 so in the nineties, we had an idea, 110 00:05:07,807 --> 00:05:10,018 why don't we take our radar to the tornado? 111 00:05:11,352 --> 00:05:13,187 We were at the point where we could miniaturize 112 00:05:13,271 --> 00:05:15,565 the equipment and it all fit into a truck, 113 00:05:16,357 --> 00:05:17,692 and we could drive that to 114 00:05:17,775 --> 00:05:20,778 these rare weather events and get right in there and 115 00:05:20,862 --> 00:05:22,113 get the data. 116 00:05:22,196 --> 00:05:23,573 So that's where the idea of these storm-chasing 117 00:05:23,656 --> 00:05:26,951 trucks came, and I was involved in that. 118 00:05:30,121 --> 00:05:31,039 I'm Mitch Randall. 119 00:05:31,122 --> 00:05:32,999 I'm an engineer and a physicist. 120 00:05:33,875 --> 00:05:36,377 I've been interested in the UFO subject for decades. 121 00:05:37,462 --> 00:05:39,839 I got involved with the Galileo Project, 122 00:05:39,922 --> 00:05:41,924 which is a group of scientists who wanted to 123 00:05:42,008 --> 00:05:44,260 do an investigation of UAP. 124 00:05:46,012 --> 00:05:48,306 I knew the ideal tool for it would be radar. 125 00:05:49,015 --> 00:05:51,601 Radar is a really ideal instrument for detecting 126 00:05:51,684 --> 00:05:54,354 objects in the atmosphere at great distances. 127 00:05:55,188 --> 00:05:56,564 It can measure, 128 00:05:56,647 --> 00:05:58,858 quantitatively, the position and velocity of 129 00:05:58,941 --> 00:06:00,610 objects in space. 130 00:06:01,444 --> 00:06:02,820 So over the decades, 131 00:06:02,904 --> 00:06:05,740 people have reported UFOs that make 132 00:06:05,823 --> 00:06:07,700 these kind of crazy motions like that. 133 00:06:08,284 --> 00:06:10,536 And so that's what we're looking for because airplanes 134 00:06:10,620 --> 00:06:11,913 don't do that. 135 00:06:18,378 --> 00:06:19,921 [Jacob Haqq Misra] Mitch Randall has developed a 136 00:06:20,004 --> 00:06:22,757 passive radar approach to looking for UAP. 137 00:06:24,008 --> 00:06:25,802 You're just looking for signals that might be 138 00:06:25,885 --> 00:06:27,678 emanating from the object, 139 00:06:27,929 --> 00:06:29,055 and based on that, 140 00:06:29,138 --> 00:06:30,515 you can determine if there's something 141 00:06:30,598 --> 00:06:32,600 anomalous going on. 142 00:06:32,683 --> 00:06:34,602 [Mitch Randall] This is a passive radar receiver. 143 00:06:34,685 --> 00:06:37,397 So this antenna picks up echoes that come off objects 144 00:06:37,480 --> 00:06:38,731 in the sky, 145 00:06:39,857 --> 00:06:41,901 and that signal that they're getting is coming from 146 00:06:41,984 --> 00:06:44,570 an FM transmitter that's 30 miles south of here. 147 00:06:45,488 --> 00:06:47,407 So suppose it's anytime, day or night, 148 00:06:47,490 --> 00:06:50,159 and a UFO flies somewhere over in that area, 149 00:06:52,328 --> 00:06:55,331 the signal from the FM transmitter will echo off of 150 00:06:55,415 --> 00:06:58,543 the UFO and come here and get received by this antenna. 151 00:06:59,961 --> 00:07:01,671 And then we'll be able to see where that is, 152 00:07:01,754 --> 00:07:04,173 see what kind of velocity change it had, 153 00:07:04,549 --> 00:07:06,050 and be able to track it. 154 00:07:08,261 --> 00:07:10,263 Right now, I just have one proof of concept, 155 00:07:10,346 --> 00:07:12,890 but my vision is to see thousands of them all 156 00:07:12,974 --> 00:07:14,475 over the country. 157 00:07:18,438 --> 00:07:19,522 If you're sitting in one place, 158 00:07:19,605 --> 00:07:21,816 the chances of you seeing a UAP is maybe 159 00:07:21,899 --> 00:07:23,234 not so big. 160 00:07:23,317 --> 00:07:25,570 So we need some kind of like nationwide network that, 161 00:07:25,653 --> 00:07:26,988 if an event occurs, 162 00:07:27,071 --> 00:07:29,782 we got some instruments there to take that data. 163 00:07:31,909 --> 00:07:34,996 The idea is that citizens would purchase a consumer product, 164 00:07:35,455 --> 00:07:37,665 which they could easily operate and plug in just like 165 00:07:37,748 --> 00:07:40,668 they plug in a printer and become part of 166 00:07:40,751 --> 00:07:42,378 a big mesh network over the whole 167 00:07:42,462 --> 00:07:44,088 continental United States. 168 00:07:44,797 --> 00:07:47,508 And then this data from each one of these receivers 169 00:07:47,592 --> 00:07:50,094 would be combined in a server that would figure out 170 00:07:50,178 --> 00:07:52,847 the position of the objects being detected. 171 00:07:53,181 --> 00:07:55,141 And then that would be served to the community. 172 00:07:56,559 --> 00:07:58,060 [Jacob Haqq Misra] You can use machine learning algorithms 173 00:07:58,144 --> 00:08:00,104 to sift through the mountains of data you're gonna 174 00:08:00,188 --> 00:08:01,522 collect with these. 175 00:08:01,606 --> 00:08:02,690 And so really, 176 00:08:02,773 --> 00:08:04,609 you're looking at the sky all the time, 177 00:08:04,942 --> 00:08:06,944 identifying all the things that are there and 178 00:08:07,028 --> 00:08:08,321 see what's left over. 179 00:08:09,947 --> 00:08:12,325 [Mitch Randall] I think this will answer such an important 180 00:08:12,408 --> 00:08:14,952 question we’ve been asking for years and years and years. 181 00:08:18,998 --> 00:08:20,958 I don’t know of any other scientific question 182 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:24,587 that has so little data, and is so profound. 183 00:08:28,674 --> 00:08:29,842 [Leslie Kean] We don't know where they're from, 184 00:08:29,926 --> 00:08:32,512 why they're here, who they are, 185 00:08:32,595 --> 00:08:34,055 but they need to be studied. 186 00:08:34,305 --> 00:08:35,723 We need to find out. 187 00:08:37,016 --> 00:08:38,851 -The events being observed are real, 188 00:08:39,602 --> 00:08:41,729 there's something behind it that's beyond 189 00:08:41,812 --> 00:08:43,231 our technology development. 190 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:45,691 I'm Hal Puthoff. 191 00:08:45,775 --> 00:08:47,193 I'm a quantum physicist, 192 00:08:47,276 --> 00:08:49,195 PhD from Stanford University. 193 00:08:50,321 --> 00:08:52,657 I set up EarthTech International and 194 00:08:52,740 --> 00:08:54,659 the Institute for Advanced Studies in Austin. 195 00:08:55,117 --> 00:08:58,704 UFOs have been a topic that's kind of been off-limits 196 00:08:58,788 --> 00:09:02,458 and fringy and a lot of stigma associated with it. 197 00:09:03,501 --> 00:09:05,294 I mean, there are still a lot of physicists who 198 00:09:05,378 --> 00:09:07,505 think that most of the things that get, uh, 199 00:09:07,588 --> 00:09:11,551 reported are nonsense or misidentifications and so on. 200 00:09:12,593 --> 00:09:16,055 But nonetheless, over time we've been developing 201 00:09:16,138 --> 00:09:18,307 better and better sensors. 202 00:09:18,391 --> 00:09:21,018 So the stigma has reduced quite a bit, 203 00:09:21,727 --> 00:09:23,646 due to this increase, 204 00:09:23,729 --> 00:09:26,065 I would say, in scientific data collection. 205 00:09:32,738 --> 00:09:35,116 So the general phrase is that two kinds of people... 206 00:09:35,658 --> 00:09:37,952 ...people who don't look into it and know it's nonsense, 207 00:09:38,327 --> 00:09:40,621 and people who do look into it and know it's real. 208 00:09:45,459 --> 00:09:48,129 -If you're seeing something in the sky with your eyes, 209 00:09:48,212 --> 00:09:51,257 what if you can also actually measure it through a piece of 210 00:09:51,340 --> 00:09:52,925 equipment that's not your eyes? 211 00:09:54,885 --> 00:09:57,680 So, now you have a recording device that can accurately 212 00:09:57,763 --> 00:10:00,266 determine what that object is and give you much 213 00:10:00,349 --> 00:10:01,934 more solid information. 214 00:10:04,103 --> 00:10:06,814 I was a mechanical engineer for almost 25 years. 215 00:10:08,107 --> 00:10:10,776 When I transitioned into an area of fringe science, 216 00:10:11,444 --> 00:10:13,696 I was very fortunate to land an internship at the 217 00:10:13,779 --> 00:10:15,031 Institute for Advanced Studies 218 00:10:15,114 --> 00:10:16,866 in Austin under Dr. Hal Puthoff. 219 00:10:18,451 --> 00:10:21,203 Part of what I did was researching medical effects on 220 00:10:21,287 --> 00:10:23,205 people spotting UFOs. 221 00:10:24,999 --> 00:10:27,627 So we designed sensors that specifically looked 222 00:10:27,710 --> 00:10:30,421 for radiation present when UAPs were there. 223 00:10:31,380 --> 00:10:33,424 And then we also noticed other things were happening. 224 00:10:34,592 --> 00:10:36,636 -Jim Segala has developed a sensor suite to measure 225 00:10:37,970 --> 00:10:41,140 radioactivity in the vicinity where there are eyewitness 226 00:10:41,223 --> 00:10:43,142 reports of UAP sightings. 227 00:10:48,773 --> 00:10:50,483 -I have been studying the case of a resident in 228 00:10:50,566 --> 00:10:53,152 New Hampshire who has been seeing UFOs behind his house 229 00:10:53,653 --> 00:10:55,029 for the past two years. 230 00:10:56,030 --> 00:10:58,032 These are the videos he recorded. 231 00:10:59,033 --> 00:11:01,410 And you can see here where it starts splitting off. 232 00:11:01,661 --> 00:11:03,537 Now there's three objects where it started off 233 00:11:03,621 --> 00:11:05,373 as one object. 234 00:11:05,456 --> 00:11:08,000 This is the original video that piqued his interest. 235 00:11:09,835 --> 00:11:13,297 So he mounted a trail camera where he suspected 236 00:11:13,381 --> 00:11:14,799 that these objects were happening. 237 00:11:16,425 --> 00:11:18,928 And one of the videos is quite revealing. 238 00:11:20,971 --> 00:11:24,350 The actual objects ended up appearing right 239 00:11:24,684 --> 00:11:26,102 where those trees were. 240 00:11:28,145 --> 00:11:30,314 And then he eliminated the possibility that it could be 241 00:11:30,398 --> 00:11:33,234 just a natural phenomena or a human-made phenomena, 242 00:11:34,360 --> 00:11:38,406 like airplanes, satellites, stars, drones and 243 00:11:38,781 --> 00:11:40,157 things like that. 244 00:11:41,575 --> 00:11:44,161 I suggested to this person that we need to understand 245 00:11:44,245 --> 00:11:45,746 what's going on in the environment, 246 00:11:45,830 --> 00:11:48,916 so we put a piece of equipment there that would look 247 00:11:48,999 --> 00:11:51,252 at all sorts of different signals. 248 00:11:54,046 --> 00:11:57,341 -So this device was designed specifically to identify the 249 00:11:57,425 --> 00:12:00,511 signals present when UFOs fly by a particular area. 250 00:12:01,887 --> 00:12:05,766 I put together as many possible signal sensors as I could. 251 00:12:06,392 --> 00:12:08,853 One being a high-level camera that’s capable of 252 00:12:08,936 --> 00:12:11,689 capturing visual and also infrared spectrums. 253 00:12:12,606 --> 00:12:13,816 Then at the same time, 254 00:12:13,899 --> 00:12:16,527 I can look for these electromagnetic signals 255 00:12:16,610 --> 00:12:18,654 that come off of these UFOs. 256 00:12:19,697 --> 00:12:21,991 All of those sensors are mounted and they go 257 00:12:22,074 --> 00:12:23,409 to this computer here, 258 00:12:23,492 --> 00:12:25,661 which then sends all that information over WiFi, 259 00:12:25,745 --> 00:12:27,413 up to the cloud, 260 00:12:27,663 --> 00:12:29,540 where you can view them and you can run it through 261 00:12:29,623 --> 00:12:31,125 any kind of models and things like that. 262 00:12:34,044 --> 00:12:36,213 -We put my device pretty close to his house. 263 00:12:36,881 --> 00:12:39,508 And there was a big spike in some of the sensors that 264 00:12:39,592 --> 00:12:41,635 indicated something was in the environment that was 265 00:12:41,719 --> 00:12:43,512 making a lot of electro-magnetic noise. 266 00:12:44,597 --> 00:12:45,765 One example is, 267 00:12:45,848 --> 00:12:48,684 you have the magnetic vector getting hit. 268 00:12:49,685 --> 00:12:51,520 Now the magnetic vector is the gravity. 269 00:12:52,271 --> 00:12:53,606 It’s very difficult to do that. 270 00:12:53,689 --> 00:12:55,608 You’d have to have some very very massive object, 271 00:12:56,108 --> 00:12:58,444 like a moon or something like that to create this 272 00:12:58,527 --> 00:12:59,945 kind of spike. 273 00:13:00,321 --> 00:13:03,073 And it also happens with the Gyroscope sensor which 274 00:13:03,157 --> 00:13:04,825 is the indication that these objects 275 00:13:04,909 --> 00:13:06,494 were twisting around. 276 00:13:07,912 --> 00:13:09,538 Those are just two examples. 277 00:13:11,707 --> 00:13:14,126 The equipment collects data all day long. 278 00:13:14,502 --> 00:13:16,170 I have algorithms that are looking at this. 279 00:13:16,253 --> 00:13:19,673 And what this is allowing me to do is understand a 280 00:13:19,757 --> 00:13:22,051 pattern as these anomalous events unfold. 281 00:13:22,885 --> 00:13:25,554 So every time this individual sees a UFO it is 282 00:13:25,638 --> 00:13:28,682 followed with some changes in the environmental signals. 283 00:13:30,226 --> 00:13:33,729 Now I can see a correlation which gives me the ability to 284 00:13:33,813 --> 00:13:35,815 start predicting some of these things. 285 00:13:37,900 --> 00:13:39,860 [Leslie Kean] It's exciting that these independent people 286 00:13:39,944 --> 00:13:42,988 are coming on board because they have a certain freedom to 287 00:13:43,072 --> 00:13:45,825 explore and develop their own particular approach 288 00:13:46,116 --> 00:13:48,244 to studying this UFO phenomenon. 289 00:13:48,994 --> 00:13:52,748 But we're still left to wonder, what clues have already been 290 00:13:52,832 --> 00:13:55,000 gathered by the one group that has been studying 291 00:13:55,042 --> 00:13:56,961 UFOs since the beginning? 292 00:13:59,255 --> 00:14:02,049 -The fundamental question is whether the US government 293 00:14:02,132 --> 00:14:06,971 has at its possession materials or information. 294 00:14:08,347 --> 00:14:11,767 If they do, I really wish that they would share it with 295 00:14:11,851 --> 00:14:15,271 scientists like myself because the sky is not classified. 296 00:14:15,896 --> 00:14:17,481 Our oceans are not classified. 297 00:14:17,565 --> 00:14:18,983 If we do have a neighbor, 298 00:14:19,066 --> 00:14:21,193 we'll have to find it ourselves. 299 00:14:27,992 --> 00:14:32,162 -One of the very positive impacts of the last few years, 300 00:14:32,580 --> 00:14:34,957 involving the government and UAP, 301 00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:39,837 is that it has also made the issue more palatable for 302 00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:42,131 the academic community and the scientific community. 303 00:14:43,215 --> 00:14:45,885 But the scientific community needs scientific data 304 00:14:45,968 --> 00:14:47,428 to do serious work. 305 00:14:47,678 --> 00:14:52,308 And the government could be and should be 306 00:14:52,391 --> 00:14:53,976 sharing more information 307 00:14:54,059 --> 00:14:56,854 in its possession to facilitate that. 308 00:14:59,064 --> 00:15:01,650 -The government has a legitimate interest in 309 00:15:01,734 --> 00:15:04,737 protecting some classified information. 310 00:15:05,279 --> 00:15:06,947 It has an interest in protecting the sources and 311 00:15:07,031 --> 00:15:09,074 methods they use for collecting intelligence. 312 00:15:09,158 --> 00:15:10,284 I'm a journalist. 313 00:15:10,367 --> 00:15:11,994 I don't want people knowing my sources. 314 00:15:12,369 --> 00:15:14,330 It's also the case that the intelligence community in 315 00:15:14,413 --> 00:15:19,293 particular often overstates the risk to exposing sources and 316 00:15:19,376 --> 00:15:22,087 methods that would come from being more transparent 317 00:15:22,504 --> 00:15:25,174 about any number of topics with the public. 318 00:15:25,633 --> 00:15:27,968 The government classifies way too much information. 319 00:15:30,763 --> 00:15:34,308 -Congress has wanted the UAP subject investigated 320 00:15:34,975 --> 00:15:38,187 to make sure that UAPs are not a threat to national security. 321 00:15:39,146 --> 00:15:43,317 And that's why the All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office was 322 00:15:43,567 --> 00:15:45,736 created in July of 2022. 323 00:15:47,905 --> 00:15:50,407 [Shane Harris] AARO is a government organization whose 324 00:15:50,491 --> 00:15:54,370 job is to take all of the information that the government 325 00:15:54,453 --> 00:15:58,207 is collecting on UAPs and try and figure out what it is. 326 00:15:59,917 --> 00:16:02,836 [Robert Powell] AARO was supposed to look at the history 327 00:16:03,379 --> 00:16:07,883 of the UAP subject from approximately 1945 up 328 00:16:07,967 --> 00:16:09,468 until the modern period. 329 00:16:10,552 --> 00:16:13,722 They were also supposed to look at any data that 330 00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:15,057 has been hidden. 331 00:16:23,524 --> 00:16:25,275 -February 2024, 332 00:16:25,359 --> 00:16:28,696 AARO comes out with what I think is one of the 333 00:16:28,779 --> 00:16:31,365 most important documents that the government has issued 334 00:16:32,533 --> 00:16:34,076 about UFOs and UAPs in decades. 335 00:16:34,827 --> 00:16:35,911 [anchor] And we have breaking news now, 336 00:16:35,995 --> 00:16:37,496 a Pentagon review of decades of 337 00:16:37,579 --> 00:16:39,707 government investigations into UFO sightings has 338 00:16:39,790 --> 00:16:41,917 found no evidence any of those sightings 339 00:16:42,001 --> 00:16:43,377 were extraterrestrial. 340 00:16:43,877 --> 00:16:46,714 [reporter] They found no evidence to suggest that the 341 00:16:46,797 --> 00:16:48,882 United States government or industry possesses 342 00:16:48,966 --> 00:16:50,426 any alien technology. 343 00:16:51,468 --> 00:16:54,221 [Robert Powell] The AARO report was missing some of 344 00:16:54,304 --> 00:16:57,016 the most important sightings of the 21st century. 345 00:16:58,058 --> 00:17:01,103 The November 14th, 2004 Nimitz case, 346 00:17:02,104 --> 00:17:04,273 one of the most difficult cases to explain. 347 00:17:05,524 --> 00:17:08,360 The same thing with the Gimbal incidents from the 2015 348 00:17:08,444 --> 00:17:09,737 and 16 cases. 349 00:17:12,281 --> 00:17:13,657 [Shane Harris] The big things that stood out to me 350 00:17:13,741 --> 00:17:15,993 about the report was one, how emphatic it was, 351 00:17:17,202 --> 00:17:20,164 which was to say no evidence that this is extraterrestrial, 352 00:17:21,290 --> 00:17:23,000 which was a pretty declarative statement. 353 00:17:23,667 --> 00:17:26,587 I will say that the report didn't read as much like 354 00:17:26,670 --> 00:17:28,547 government reports that I'm used to seeing. 355 00:17:29,214 --> 00:17:31,008 It was a bit more casually written. 356 00:17:32,051 --> 00:17:34,678 And it didn't have tons and tons and tons of footnotes. 357 00:17:35,345 --> 00:17:37,014 It wasn't a terribly long report. 358 00:17:38,182 --> 00:17:40,601 [Robert Powell] AARO makes the point that the conclusions 359 00:17:40,684 --> 00:17:41,935 are always the same. 360 00:17:42,436 --> 00:17:43,854 That Project Blue Book, 361 00:17:43,937 --> 00:17:46,440 the Robertson Panel of 1953, 362 00:17:47,107 --> 00:17:50,444 and that the Condon Report of 1968, 363 00:17:50,527 --> 00:17:53,072 all of these concluded that there was no evidence 364 00:17:53,155 --> 00:17:54,782 of extraterrestrial intelligence. 365 00:17:55,407 --> 00:17:58,035 And that's the main point that AARO's making. 366 00:18:00,621 --> 00:18:03,665 -The bottom line takeaway was, "Nothing to see here." 367 00:18:04,374 --> 00:18:08,504 But that flies in the face of very interesting comments from 368 00:18:08,796 --> 00:18:11,215 the former director of that office. 369 00:18:12,091 --> 00:18:16,386 -A very small percentage of UAP reports display signatures 370 00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:18,806 that could reasonably be described as anomalous. 371 00:18:19,681 --> 00:18:21,558 This is a spherical orb, 372 00:18:21,809 --> 00:18:23,227 metallic, in the Middle East, 373 00:18:23,644 --> 00:18:25,938 2022 by an MQ9. 374 00:18:27,022 --> 00:18:29,483 This is a typical example of the thing that 375 00:18:29,566 --> 00:18:30,692 we see most of. 376 00:18:31,193 --> 00:18:33,529 We see these all over the world and we see 377 00:18:33,612 --> 00:18:37,032 these making very interesting, apparent maneuvers. 378 00:18:37,950 --> 00:18:40,369 This one in particular, however, I would point out, 379 00:18:40,452 --> 00:18:43,747 demonstrated no enigmatic technical capabilities and was 380 00:18:43,831 --> 00:18:45,582 no threat to airborne safety. 381 00:18:46,458 --> 00:18:47,918 While we are still looking at it, 382 00:18:48,001 --> 00:18:50,295 I don’t have any more data other than that. 383 00:18:51,839 --> 00:18:55,134 -They literally said, we have these spheres moving 384 00:18:55,217 --> 00:18:59,012 through our war theaters, what metal ball do you know 385 00:18:59,096 --> 00:19:00,639 that flies around? 386 00:19:00,722 --> 00:19:02,349 I don't know of any. 387 00:19:02,599 --> 00:19:05,227 So that could pretty easily fall under the umbrella term of 388 00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:06,728 a non-human intelligence. 389 00:19:08,021 --> 00:19:09,857 [Robert Powell] In science, before you can make that 390 00:19:09,940 --> 00:19:13,193 statement that there is no evidence of extraterrestrial 391 00:19:13,277 --> 00:19:16,196 intelligence, you have to define, 392 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:19,116 what is the evidence we're looking for to determine 393 00:19:19,199 --> 00:19:21,702 whether or not we've seen extraterrestrial intelligence. 394 00:19:23,620 --> 00:19:25,706 [Garry Nolan] If you’re going to give a conclusion, 395 00:19:26,748 --> 00:19:28,750 where is your data and what are your methods? 396 00:19:31,086 --> 00:19:33,672 [Robert Powell] Science operates in the open. 397 00:19:34,882 --> 00:19:38,010 We are never going to get an answer until we 398 00:19:38,093 --> 00:19:41,013 work with science and not the intelligence or 399 00:19:41,096 --> 00:19:43,849 military groups on the UAP subject. 400 00:19:46,310 --> 00:19:49,730 -As a scientist, I don't need their permission to know 401 00:19:49,813 --> 00:19:51,690 what I know. 402 00:19:52,024 --> 00:19:53,984 I don't need their permission to collect data. 403 00:19:54,276 --> 00:19:56,486 We should stop waiting for daddy government to make the 404 00:19:56,570 --> 00:19:57,946 decision for us. 405 00:19:58,280 --> 00:20:00,282 [Elizabeth Vargas] Avi Loeb is a Harvard theoretical 406 00:20:00,365 --> 00:20:02,534 astrophysicist and professor of science. 407 00:20:03,160 --> 00:20:05,746 [Chris Cuomo] Professor Loeb has just come back from a trip 408 00:20:05,829 --> 00:20:08,248 that he says has advanced our understanding. 409 00:20:08,707 --> 00:20:10,334 Doc, good to see ya. What did you find? 410 00:20:10,417 --> 00:20:13,587 -Well, I found that it’s easier to recover the 411 00:20:13,670 --> 00:20:16,882 truth about interstellar space from the bottom of the 412 00:20:16,965 --> 00:20:19,509 Pacific Ocean than it is from government. 413 00:20:26,642 --> 00:20:28,602 [Jacob Haqq Misra] Avi Loeb and his collaborators went on an 414 00:20:28,685 --> 00:20:31,355 expedition in the Pacific, near Papua New Guinea, 415 00:20:32,814 --> 00:20:34,608 where they thought that an 416 00:20:34,691 --> 00:20:37,945 interstellar meteor crashed down into the ocean. 417 00:20:40,197 --> 00:20:43,742 -In 2014, the US government satellites reported about an 418 00:20:43,825 --> 00:20:45,577 object that collided with Earth. 419 00:20:45,994 --> 00:20:47,621 Roughly a meter in size, 420 00:20:48,247 --> 00:20:50,582 it originated from outside the solar system, 421 00:20:51,333 --> 00:20:54,419 and it was unusual in that it was moving faster 422 00:20:54,503 --> 00:20:57,089 than the speed necessary to escape 423 00:20:57,172 --> 00:20:58,632 from the solar systems, 424 00:20:59,216 --> 00:21:00,968 so in other words, that meant that it's 425 00:21:01,051 --> 00:21:02,678 interstellar in origin. 426 00:21:03,762 --> 00:21:05,389 [Jacob Haqq Misra] Serendipity, you know, anomalies, 427 00:21:05,472 --> 00:21:07,015 these are the kinds of ways that we stumble 428 00:21:07,099 --> 00:21:08,809 upon new discoveries in science. 429 00:21:08,892 --> 00:21:10,727 Even if you're looking for something, uh, 430 00:21:10,811 --> 00:21:12,813 you might find something a lot weirder than 431 00:21:12,896 --> 00:21:14,189 you thought you were gonna find. 432 00:21:16,191 --> 00:21:18,527 [Avi Loeb] So I decided to lead an expedition to 433 00:21:18,610 --> 00:21:20,904 the Pacific Ocean to collect materials. 434 00:21:23,323 --> 00:21:25,993 -Avi's expedition off Papua New Guinea was 435 00:21:26,076 --> 00:21:28,870 really exciting because he was going after 436 00:21:28,954 --> 00:21:32,958 the debris of the first-ever observed interstellar meteor. 437 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:37,796 [Avi Loeb] When meteors explode as a result of their 438 00:21:37,879 --> 00:21:39,214 friction on air, 439 00:21:40,007 --> 00:21:43,635 the fireball generated releases so much heat that it 440 00:21:43,719 --> 00:21:47,222 melts their surface, creating spherules. 441 00:21:48,640 --> 00:21:52,936 Spherules are molten droplets from the surfaces of meteors. 442 00:21:54,229 --> 00:21:56,690 In the case of the interstellar meteor, 443 00:21:56,773 --> 00:21:59,067 the amount of energy released was a few percent of the 444 00:21:59,151 --> 00:22:01,486 Hiroshima atomic bomb energy, 445 00:22:02,904 --> 00:22:05,866 and so we expected to find some spherules on 446 00:22:05,949 --> 00:22:07,534 the ocean floor. 447 00:22:08,410 --> 00:22:11,747 The Department of Defense localized the meteor impact site 448 00:22:12,205 --> 00:22:14,624 to within seven miles. 449 00:22:16,460 --> 00:22:18,211 [Tim Galludet] I’m an oceanographer and I reached out 450 00:22:18,295 --> 00:22:20,422 to Avi and he welcomed me aboard. 451 00:22:21,506 --> 00:22:25,635 I helped him determine how far those fragments drifted 452 00:22:25,719 --> 00:22:27,262 through the atmosphere down to the sea surface. 453 00:22:29,890 --> 00:22:32,184 I also gave him oceanographic information to help him 454 00:22:32,684 --> 00:22:35,520 determine how far the materials drifted from the sea 455 00:22:35,604 --> 00:22:37,064 surface to the sea floor. 456 00:22:39,524 --> 00:22:43,445 [Avi Loeb] We built a sled designed by engineers that has 457 00:22:43,528 --> 00:22:47,491 magnets on both sides that we placed on the ocean floor 458 00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:52,746 and was able to collect magnetic particles leftover 459 00:22:52,829 --> 00:22:54,790 from the explosion of the meteor. 460 00:22:57,584 --> 00:22:59,795 -Avi brought this back and had several of his 461 00:22:59,878 --> 00:23:02,005 collaborators analyze this, 462 00:23:02,589 --> 00:23:05,967 and they found that there are chemical anomalies 463 00:23:06,051 --> 00:23:10,597 in some of these spherules that they claim is different 464 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:12,391 from solar system composition. 465 00:23:13,183 --> 00:23:14,810 [Avi Loeb] And the composition appears to be 466 00:23:14,893 --> 00:23:18,438 different than anything that humans produce. 467 00:23:19,022 --> 00:23:21,608 But it's also different from asteroids, 468 00:23:21,983 --> 00:23:24,694 from rocks that previously were analyzed. 469 00:23:25,362 --> 00:23:28,073 And so that raised the possibility that it may be 470 00:23:28,156 --> 00:23:29,699 artificial in origin, 471 00:23:29,783 --> 00:23:31,910 technological, a spacecraft. 472 00:23:35,580 --> 00:23:37,916 [musical vocalizations] 473 00:23:38,291 --> 00:23:40,127 -Avi Loeb and his collaborators went on an 474 00:23:40,210 --> 00:23:43,171 expedition where they thought that an 475 00:23:43,255 --> 00:23:46,216 interstellar meteor crashed down into the ocean. 476 00:23:49,302 --> 00:23:52,180 What they found were spherules, very, 477 00:23:52,264 --> 00:23:56,268 very tiny particles that are from a meteorite. 478 00:23:58,770 --> 00:24:02,607 -We had to examine whether the relative abundances of 479 00:24:02,691 --> 00:24:06,445 elements matches the pattern that one finds 480 00:24:06,528 --> 00:24:11,074 in meteorites from the solar system or the Earth crust 481 00:24:11,992 --> 00:24:14,828 or the moon or Mars. 482 00:24:15,745 --> 00:24:18,665 And indeed we find that 10% of them, 483 00:24:19,374 --> 00:24:22,335 out of the 850 spherules that we retrieved, 484 00:24:22,794 --> 00:24:26,840 appear to have a composition that was never reported before 485 00:24:27,299 --> 00:24:29,634 based on meteorites from the solar system. 486 00:24:30,010 --> 00:24:34,389 It's the first time that humans put their hands on materials 487 00:24:34,473 --> 00:24:36,975 from a big object that originated beyond 488 00:24:37,058 --> 00:24:39,102 the solar system. 489 00:24:39,561 --> 00:24:42,397 -The general consensus was that it was a meteorite, 490 00:24:42,481 --> 00:24:45,317 but Avi Loeb speculated that it could potentially be 491 00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:47,527 some kind of extraterrestrial technology 492 00:24:49,237 --> 00:24:51,072 [Avi Loeb] It had material strength that was 493 00:24:51,156 --> 00:24:52,449 tougher than iron. 494 00:24:52,991 --> 00:24:55,619 And so that raised the possibility that it may be 495 00:24:55,702 --> 00:24:58,205 artificial in origin, technological, a spacecraft. 496 00:25:01,124 --> 00:25:03,502 -There was a lot of pushback about Avi Loeb's claim. 497 00:25:07,797 --> 00:25:09,674 [Leslie Kean] Even though it was just an hypothesis, 498 00:25:09,758 --> 00:25:13,220 it's just like people couldn't handle the possibility that 499 00:25:13,303 --> 00:25:14,721 that would be the case. 500 00:25:15,972 --> 00:25:17,098 [Jacob Haqq Misra] But to be honest, 501 00:25:17,182 --> 00:25:18,391 this is how science works. 502 00:25:18,475 --> 00:25:19,726 I don't even think this is a bad thing. 503 00:25:19,809 --> 00:25:21,686 If you're going to make an extraordinary claim, 504 00:25:21,770 --> 00:25:24,189 that is what a scientist should expect is to have 505 00:25:24,272 --> 00:25:25,899 a lot of pushback. 506 00:25:26,566 --> 00:25:28,944 -Scientists are terrible to each other because we 507 00:25:29,027 --> 00:25:31,446 hold each other to such high standards. 508 00:25:33,031 --> 00:25:35,367 Because that’s how science makes progress. 509 00:25:38,703 --> 00:25:40,539 -I think altogether, 510 00:25:40,622 --> 00:25:45,418 the criticism was not warranted, because in fact, 511 00:25:46,002 --> 00:25:48,964 we did find materials of an unusual composition 512 00:25:49,381 --> 00:25:54,052 that we believe originated from an interstellar meteor. 513 00:25:56,096 --> 00:25:59,307 As to the question of whether it was natural or artificial, 514 00:26:00,308 --> 00:26:03,728 the verdict will come from the bigger pieces that we find. 515 00:26:04,896 --> 00:26:06,273 If we find bigger pieces, 516 00:26:06,356 --> 00:26:08,900 it's easy to tell the difference between a 517 00:26:08,984 --> 00:26:12,988 rock and a technological gadget because a gadget may 518 00:26:13,405 --> 00:26:15,782 have buttons on it, for example. 519 00:26:17,951 --> 00:26:19,578 And then the question would be whether we should 520 00:26:19,661 --> 00:26:21,329 press a button. 521 00:26:28,753 --> 00:26:31,756 -I think if you're really interested in looking for life 522 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:33,216 in the universe, 523 00:26:33,508 --> 00:26:36,136 the right place to look is where the life comes from, 524 00:26:36,511 --> 00:26:38,471 which is going to be alien planets. 525 00:26:39,431 --> 00:26:42,601 -There are hundreds of billions of planets in existence 526 00:26:42,684 --> 00:26:44,477 in just this galaxy alone. 527 00:26:45,437 --> 00:26:48,982 Wouldn’t it be possible that some of those planets have 528 00:26:49,065 --> 00:26:53,695 developed life to possibly as high as ours is, 529 00:26:54,279 --> 00:26:56,031 and maybe even beyond? 530 00:26:58,283 --> 00:26:59,576 [Jacob Haqq Misra] I'm an astrobiologist. 531 00:26:59,659 --> 00:27:02,245 I think about life in the universe. 532 00:27:03,204 --> 00:27:05,415 One possibility is to look far away, 533 00:27:05,498 --> 00:27:08,168 to look at other planets orbiting other 534 00:27:08,251 --> 00:27:10,462 star systems, exoplanets. 535 00:27:12,464 --> 00:27:14,132 [Adam Frank] Scientists, including myself, 536 00:27:14,215 --> 00:27:17,093 are studying the atmospheres of alien worlds 537 00:27:17,552 --> 00:27:19,471 looking for things like biosignatures 538 00:27:19,888 --> 00:27:21,431 and technosignatures. 539 00:27:22,182 --> 00:27:25,310 Biosignatures are things that a biosphere produces, right? 540 00:27:25,602 --> 00:27:27,812 So the best example is oxygen. 541 00:27:27,896 --> 00:27:30,440 If you saw oxygen in a planet's atmosphere, 542 00:27:30,523 --> 00:27:32,484 especially oxygen and methane at the same time, 543 00:27:33,151 --> 00:27:35,945 that would be a pretty clear indication that there 544 00:27:36,029 --> 00:27:37,238 was a biosphere there, 545 00:27:37,489 --> 00:27:39,616 that there was life that was pushing that 546 00:27:39,699 --> 00:27:42,077 oxygen and methane out into the atmosphere. 547 00:27:43,953 --> 00:27:45,372 And then there's technosignatures, 548 00:27:45,455 --> 00:27:47,832 which would be the signatures of technology on a planet. 549 00:27:49,209 --> 00:27:50,835 [Jacob Haqq Misra] It could be a satellite belt 550 00:27:50,919 --> 00:27:52,587 around a planet. 551 00:27:52,671 --> 00:27:54,964 It could be pollution in the planet's atmosphere. 552 00:27:55,048 --> 00:27:57,467 It could be radio waves directed toward Earth. 553 00:27:57,550 --> 00:28:00,553 But we also can think about the possibility that 554 00:28:00,637 --> 00:28:02,764 life on an exoplanet, 555 00:28:02,847 --> 00:28:06,351 might send life or technology elsewhere 556 00:28:06,935 --> 00:28:08,937 in the galaxy. 557 00:28:09,020 --> 00:28:11,106 We have done this ourselves. 558 00:28:13,525 --> 00:28:15,610 So we have to then ask ourselves if there's 559 00:28:15,694 --> 00:28:17,654 extraterrestrial life out there and they're interested in 560 00:28:17,737 --> 00:28:20,365 looking for other life, they would notice life on earth. 561 00:28:20,740 --> 00:28:22,826 And they could theoretically do that too. 562 00:28:28,289 --> 00:28:30,792 -But planets are far away. 563 00:28:30,875 --> 00:28:33,336 The distances between the stars is psychotic. 564 00:28:33,920 --> 00:28:35,463 So if we're going to think about how to 565 00:28:35,547 --> 00:28:37,298 get between the stars, what are the options? 566 00:28:37,382 --> 00:28:40,093 Einstein's theory of relativity tells us that space-time 567 00:28:40,176 --> 00:28:41,678 itself is malleable. 568 00:28:42,178 --> 00:28:44,222 What you're doing is you're bending space-time, right? 569 00:28:44,305 --> 00:28:45,849 So if there's two points are very far away, 570 00:28:45,932 --> 00:28:47,559 you kind of bring those two points together, 571 00:28:47,642 --> 00:28:50,145 jump off and then unfold, fold space, 572 00:28:50,228 --> 00:28:51,855 and then unfold it. 573 00:28:52,230 --> 00:28:55,108 -Just to try to make this more physical, 574 00:28:55,191 --> 00:28:58,319 you see a UFO coming along and then it suddenly 575 00:28:58,403 --> 00:28:59,821 does a right-angle turn. 576 00:29:00,071 --> 00:29:01,322 And people on the ground observing this, 577 00:29:01,406 --> 00:29:02,866 they'll say, "Oh my God," you know. 578 00:29:02,949 --> 00:29:04,743 "If there's anybody inside that craft, 579 00:29:04,826 --> 00:29:07,162 they're gonna be squished like tomato sauce." 580 00:29:07,954 --> 00:29:11,458 However, since space and time have been 581 00:29:11,541 --> 00:29:14,252 re-engineered and manipulated in that situation, 582 00:29:15,211 --> 00:29:17,422 time can be running much faster. 583 00:29:17,964 --> 00:29:20,925 And so the people inside the spacecraft are looking 584 00:29:21,009 --> 00:29:22,761 out the window, 585 00:29:22,844 --> 00:29:25,555 and so they just take a nice leisurely turn. 586 00:29:27,432 --> 00:29:30,101 -There's also the idea of wormholes that 587 00:29:30,351 --> 00:29:33,396 maybe nature creates these shortcuts between stars. 588 00:29:34,230 --> 00:29:35,774 That's an exciting idea. 589 00:29:36,357 --> 00:29:38,777 -It isn't that it's necessarily beyond our physics. 590 00:29:38,860 --> 00:29:40,945 It's certainly beyond our engineering. 591 00:29:41,029 --> 00:29:44,073 But an advanced civilization may have figured a workaround. 592 00:29:47,911 --> 00:29:49,704 [Leslie Kean] It's very important to be open to looking 593 00:29:49,788 --> 00:29:53,541 at all possible explanations for the UFO phenomenon 594 00:29:55,543 --> 00:29:58,004 because they all are gonna point us towards what the 595 00:29:58,087 --> 00:30:00,340 ultimate nature of the phenomenon is and 596 00:30:00,423 --> 00:30:01,841 what it actually means. 597 00:30:04,177 --> 00:30:05,762 [Adam Frank] One possibility that people talk about 598 00:30:05,845 --> 00:30:06,930 a lot is that, you know, 599 00:30:07,013 --> 00:30:08,515 you can just give up on biology and 600 00:30:08,598 --> 00:30:10,642 that anything we meet, anything that's traveling 601 00:30:10,725 --> 00:30:12,894 between the stars is actually artificial intelligence, 602 00:30:13,311 --> 00:30:15,146 that it's basically machines. 603 00:30:16,105 --> 00:30:18,608 -I think the idea that they’re all drones is one people are 604 00:30:18,691 --> 00:30:20,318 comfortable with because they don't have to go to 605 00:30:20,401 --> 00:30:23,112 the next step of actually saying, 606 00:30:23,196 --> 00:30:26,908 “Okay, wow, there are so-called aliens.” 607 00:30:28,117 --> 00:30:30,203 Also, I’ll say existentially, 608 00:30:30,286 --> 00:30:34,249 we have to be open to the idea that we might be dealing 609 00:30:34,332 --> 00:30:36,251 with something that we would describe as very, 610 00:30:36,334 --> 00:30:40,338 very inhuman in that it wouldn't be evolved. 611 00:30:41,339 --> 00:30:44,050 It might be something described as more 612 00:30:44,133 --> 00:30:46,886 machinic or non-organic. 613 00:30:48,930 --> 00:30:52,141 It would be very dicey for us to interact with it. 614 00:30:53,935 --> 00:30:58,064 -How is it that we've arrived at where we are and still 615 00:30:58,147 --> 00:31:01,734 can't specifically say, where does it come from? 616 00:31:02,819 --> 00:31:04,195 Who's behind it? 617 00:31:04,279 --> 00:31:06,656 So I took that on as a challenge to say, oh, 618 00:31:06,739 --> 00:31:09,951 maybe the problem is that we've narrowed our scope too much. 619 00:31:11,119 --> 00:31:13,246 So, maybe there's some group that's, 620 00:31:13,329 --> 00:31:15,415 uh, hidden out on, on the planet with 621 00:31:15,498 --> 00:31:17,000 these advanced technologies. 622 00:31:25,925 --> 00:31:29,387 [Jeffrey Kripal] If we believe that our reality is the story. 623 00:31:31,431 --> 00:31:34,601 That the story we're in is in fact the way the 624 00:31:34,684 --> 00:31:36,811 world really is. 625 00:31:37,395 --> 00:31:39,480 And when something doesn't make sense, 626 00:31:39,564 --> 00:31:42,025 that means that you're being pushed outside of your story. 627 00:31:45,069 --> 00:31:48,656 The UFO phenomenon is trying to make us more aware 628 00:31:48,740 --> 00:31:51,576 that the story you're in is actually not true, 629 00:31:52,744 --> 00:31:55,204 that there's another kind of presence or another kind of 630 00:31:55,288 --> 00:31:57,999 mind or another kind of life force that is active 631 00:31:58,082 --> 00:31:59,250 in the world. 632 00:32:01,377 --> 00:32:05,590 -Let's open our blinders a bit and not be afraid to 633 00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:07,425 examine any potential hypothesis. 634 00:32:09,427 --> 00:32:12,305 Yes, it could be E.T. coming from another 635 00:32:12,388 --> 00:32:15,642 part of the galaxy, but what are the other options? 636 00:32:17,852 --> 00:32:20,271 And so I wrote a paper called "Ultraterrestrials," 637 00:32:22,565 --> 00:32:25,151 which means that they're hidden out here. 638 00:32:26,361 --> 00:32:29,739 Maybe there was some investigation of earth, 639 00:32:30,365 --> 00:32:33,910 let's say millennia ago by some other species, 640 00:32:35,453 --> 00:32:40,083 and maybe they have hidden bases on the ocean seabeds that 641 00:32:40,166 --> 00:32:41,918 are very advanced. 642 00:32:42,210 --> 00:32:45,296 We should be able to get data that either permits us 643 00:32:45,380 --> 00:32:47,256 to accept or reject the hypothesis. 644 00:32:49,175 --> 00:32:50,802 [Jacob Haqq Misra] What could be hiding in the ocean 645 00:32:50,885 --> 00:32:52,178 is a big unknown. 646 00:32:52,261 --> 00:32:55,098 The oceans are incredibly deep, vast, 647 00:32:55,640 --> 00:32:58,142 incredibly difficult to get to the deepest parts, 648 00:32:58,601 --> 00:33:01,980 and we are constantly surprised at what we discover 649 00:33:02,105 --> 00:33:04,148 in the ocean. 650 00:33:04,482 --> 00:33:07,652 [Garrett Graff] Several of the incidents that pilots 651 00:33:07,735 --> 00:33:10,571 have come forward in recent years to talk about 652 00:33:11,197 --> 00:33:14,158 have appeared to be objects that are either going 653 00:33:14,242 --> 00:33:16,369 into the water or coming out of the water. 654 00:33:17,078 --> 00:33:18,705 [reporter] Now we’re seeing leaked photos apparently taken 655 00:33:18,788 --> 00:33:21,374 from US fighter jets showing a craft that military 656 00:33:21,457 --> 00:33:24,043 pilots claim came popping out of the ocean and 657 00:33:24,127 --> 00:33:25,670 then shooting straight up into the air. 658 00:33:27,130 --> 00:33:28,881 [Lt. Ryan Graves] There have been reports that we've received 659 00:33:28,965 --> 00:33:30,675 at Americans for Safe Aerospace 660 00:33:30,758 --> 00:33:32,719 about unidentified submerged objects. 661 00:33:34,303 --> 00:33:36,556 They can transition between various mediums 662 00:33:36,639 --> 00:33:39,058 such as space, the atmosphere, or water, 663 00:33:40,351 --> 00:33:42,895 apparently without any difficulty or change 664 00:33:42,979 --> 00:33:44,188 in its flight mechanics. 665 00:33:45,690 --> 00:33:48,067 It is harder to observe these and there's less 666 00:33:48,151 --> 00:33:50,778 of an incentive to talk about it. 667 00:33:55,366 --> 00:33:57,577 [Jacob Haqq Misra] There's a famous case of a USO 668 00:33:57,952 --> 00:34:01,372 or an unidentified submerged object that was in a video. 669 00:34:02,415 --> 00:34:03,624 And in this one, 670 00:34:03,708 --> 00:34:05,835 you see an object that's hovering and 671 00:34:05,918 --> 00:34:08,046 then seems to disappear into the ocean. 672 00:34:09,338 --> 00:34:11,591 -The video from the USS Omaha off Southern California 673 00:34:11,674 --> 00:34:14,927 in 2019 is from the Combat Information Center 674 00:34:15,011 --> 00:34:19,140 that looks at radars and checks for incoming threats, 675 00:34:19,557 --> 00:34:21,309 missiles or aircraft. 676 00:34:22,226 --> 00:34:24,729 I like this video because the people on the ship, 677 00:34:24,979 --> 00:34:26,481 they're all sailors. 678 00:34:26,564 --> 00:34:27,940 So it catches their attention 'cause it doesn't look like 679 00:34:28,024 --> 00:34:29,317 anything else they track, 680 00:34:29,609 --> 00:34:31,235 and they've had a lot of experience looking at things 681 00:34:31,319 --> 00:34:32,612 that they can't explain. 682 00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:37,533 -It splashed! -It splashed! 683 00:34:37,617 --> 00:34:39,243 Mark bearing range. 684 00:34:39,494 --> 00:34:42,121 -The drop in speed is very minimal as it moves 685 00:34:42,205 --> 00:34:43,289 into the water. 686 00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:45,333 So that, that is very unusual. 687 00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:49,253 The key difference between a USO and for example, 688 00:34:49,545 --> 00:34:52,340 typical type of drones that we've developed and some 689 00:34:52,423 --> 00:34:55,218 of our adversaries have developed is that 690 00:34:55,301 --> 00:34:57,345 as the USO enters the water, 691 00:34:58,012 --> 00:35:00,473 there is very little interaction with the water. 692 00:35:06,187 --> 00:35:07,772 [Tim Gallaudet] It does lead you to wonder, well, 693 00:35:08,189 --> 00:35:12,401 if there are these objects, where are USOs coming from? 694 00:35:15,029 --> 00:35:17,573 Is there undersea infrastructure that 695 00:35:17,657 --> 00:35:19,033 they reside in? 696 00:35:19,992 --> 00:35:22,995 So why not be looking at our sea floor for evidence 697 00:35:23,079 --> 00:35:24,539 of their origin? 698 00:35:25,790 --> 00:35:28,876 -Our ocean floors are an enormous mystery to us, 699 00:35:30,419 --> 00:35:32,880 just as much of a mystery as are some of the moons 700 00:35:32,964 --> 00:35:34,966 orbiting some of the planets in our solar system. 701 00:35:36,384 --> 00:35:38,970 And we have very little knowledge about 702 00:35:39,053 --> 00:35:42,265 all that's going on in that other world. 703 00:35:43,349 --> 00:35:45,810 [Tim Gallaudet] We have not explored even 5% of 704 00:35:45,893 --> 00:35:47,895 the ocean volume. 705 00:35:48,187 --> 00:35:51,232 And we've only mapped about 25% of the global seafloor. 706 00:35:51,649 --> 00:35:54,068 So there's that much we don't know nothing about. 707 00:35:58,406 --> 00:36:01,284 The US has a very active ocean exploration program, 708 00:36:01,367 --> 00:36:02,910 the Okeanos Explorer, 709 00:36:03,202 --> 00:36:05,454 NOAA's dedicated ocean exploration ship. 710 00:36:06,497 --> 00:36:09,750 They collect all sorts of images and video of sea life, 711 00:36:10,251 --> 00:36:12,920 geological features. 712 00:36:13,004 --> 00:36:15,631 They're identifying new species every year. 713 00:36:15,715 --> 00:36:18,593 They've done thousands of hours of exploration and 714 00:36:18,968 --> 00:36:20,428 what they came across on the seafloor, 715 00:36:20,511 --> 00:36:23,139 were these rows of holes that look entirely manmade. 716 00:36:25,850 --> 00:36:28,102 And they were a little over 2,000 meters 717 00:36:28,186 --> 00:36:29,854 deep on the seafloor. 718 00:36:31,314 --> 00:36:33,983 They were centimeters in size, 719 00:36:34,066 --> 00:36:36,194 and they looked very perfect geometrically. 720 00:36:36,903 --> 00:36:38,404 It looks almost like you took a rake and just like 721 00:36:38,487 --> 00:36:41,032 dug it into the water and it created holes 722 00:36:41,365 --> 00:36:43,242 into something below. 723 00:36:43,576 --> 00:36:45,536 The scientists onboard the ship, 724 00:36:45,620 --> 00:36:47,788 they had no explanation for these. 725 00:36:48,581 --> 00:36:52,543 I think we need a national program to research USOs. 726 00:36:52,919 --> 00:36:54,712 We're keeping our mind open, 727 00:36:54,795 --> 00:36:58,257 our aperture open for USO activity because 728 00:36:58,341 --> 00:37:00,176 what is it, what are we seeing? 729 00:37:01,093 --> 00:37:03,763 That's the big question 'cause we still don't know. 730 00:37:13,272 --> 00:37:15,733 [Michelle Reyes] When I say, "I think it may be a UFO," 731 00:37:15,816 --> 00:37:17,109 I don't think it's something like from 732 00:37:17,193 --> 00:37:18,486 out of this world really. 733 00:37:18,569 --> 00:37:20,196 I just don't know what it is. 734 00:37:21,197 --> 00:37:24,533 But I also think that if they ever did find like 735 00:37:24,617 --> 00:37:26,410 life out there or something like that, 736 00:37:26,494 --> 00:37:27,912 I think, I don't know, 737 00:37:27,995 --> 00:37:30,081 I don't think I'd be like surprised but I think it would 738 00:37:30,164 --> 00:37:33,542 be really scary but I also think it's naive to think that 739 00:37:33,834 --> 00:37:36,003 we are like the only ones out there. 740 00:37:39,257 --> 00:37:43,844 -As a personal matter, I believe that there are 741 00:37:43,928 --> 00:37:46,597 non-human forms of intelligence in the universe, 742 00:37:47,265 --> 00:37:49,016 I just, that doesn't strike me as a remotely 743 00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:50,768 controversial proposition. 744 00:37:51,269 --> 00:37:55,064 But my job as a journalist is not to just 745 00:37:55,147 --> 00:37:57,942 believe something is true, I want evidence that it's true. 746 00:37:58,484 --> 00:38:03,155 And one of the reasons that I like writing about UAPs and 747 00:38:03,239 --> 00:38:05,616 writing about what the government is doing to research 748 00:38:05,700 --> 00:38:09,078 UAPs is the government knows an awful lot about stuff 749 00:38:09,161 --> 00:38:11,664 that is flying around in the air or that is under the water. 750 00:38:12,915 --> 00:38:16,877 I have not seen any evidence that extraterrestrials 751 00:38:16,961 --> 00:38:18,796 have visited the earth that convinces me 752 00:38:18,879 --> 00:38:19,922 that it's true. 753 00:38:20,006 --> 00:38:21,465 That doesn't mean I don't believe it, 754 00:38:21,549 --> 00:38:23,092 I just haven't seen the evidence for it. 755 00:38:25,136 --> 00:38:26,554 [Adam Frank] Every 10 years, 756 00:38:26,637 --> 00:38:27,972 astronomers get together and they decide what's the most 757 00:38:28,055 --> 00:38:31,100 important questions we want to ask over the next ten, 758 00:38:31,183 --> 00:38:33,102 20 years, and what kind of zillion-dollar 759 00:38:33,185 --> 00:38:35,521 telescope do we want NASA to build? 760 00:38:36,564 --> 00:38:40,693 And in 2020, the leading project was something called 761 00:38:40,776 --> 00:38:43,029 the Habitable World's Observatory. 762 00:38:44,780 --> 00:38:47,700 It’s going to be a telescope that is going to be designed to 763 00:38:47,783 --> 00:38:50,453 find life on distant alien worlds. 764 00:38:51,537 --> 00:38:54,874 And what that means is astrobiology is going to be 765 00:38:54,957 --> 00:38:56,876 one of the leading concerns for astronomers. 766 00:38:57,251 --> 00:38:58,919 It is a very exciting time. 767 00:39:00,755 --> 00:39:05,801 -I don't think that physics or history or literature or 768 00:39:06,093 --> 00:39:08,095 biology is gonna give us our answers. 769 00:39:08,596 --> 00:39:12,350 I think all of it together needs to create 770 00:39:12,433 --> 00:39:14,143 some new order of knowledge, 771 00:39:14,226 --> 00:39:16,979 some other way of ordering higher education 772 00:39:17,104 --> 00:39:20,399 around this topic to even begin to get at this question. 773 00:39:24,445 --> 00:39:28,491 [Marik Von Rennenkampff] The UFO topic is remarkably complex. 774 00:39:29,450 --> 00:39:33,245 There is the nuts and bolts aspect where I'm more 775 00:39:33,329 --> 00:39:34,914 comfortable as kind of a 776 00:39:34,997 --> 00:39:37,541 national security-focused analytic mind. 777 00:39:38,751 --> 00:39:40,461 But there's also the consciousness side 778 00:39:40,544 --> 00:39:42,296 of it that deserves, 779 00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:46,092 I believe, deep, objective, unbiased analysis. 780 00:39:47,551 --> 00:39:49,804 -There's a lot of people that are telling the 781 00:39:49,887 --> 00:39:52,807 same things about what these things might be. 782 00:39:53,265 --> 00:39:54,809 And I think it's important to look into it 783 00:39:54,892 --> 00:39:56,560 from the human side too, 784 00:39:56,644 --> 00:39:59,188 because it's all part of the bigger picture. 785 00:39:59,897 --> 00:40:02,358 And it's important to the answer we're going to get. 786 00:40:04,193 --> 00:40:05,361 -As human beings, 787 00:40:05,444 --> 00:40:07,947 we've had a couple of really large revolutions 788 00:40:08,030 --> 00:40:09,407 in our psychology. 789 00:40:09,907 --> 00:40:12,618 We had in the 1500s, the Copernican Revolution, 790 00:40:13,035 --> 00:40:15,413 which took us out of the center of the universe, 791 00:40:15,496 --> 00:40:16,997 the Geocentric Model. 792 00:40:17,957 --> 00:40:20,167 The Darwinian Revolution in the 1800s, 793 00:40:20,251 --> 00:40:23,170 which was man as related to animals. 794 00:40:24,755 --> 00:40:27,508 And then the Freudian Revolution in the 1900s where 795 00:40:27,591 --> 00:40:29,760 we really understood that there are unconscious 796 00:40:29,844 --> 00:40:32,805 motives and drives that can determine human behavior. 797 00:40:33,722 --> 00:40:36,725 And it strikes me that, at this moment in time, 798 00:40:37,351 --> 00:40:39,770 we're at another point of a massive revolution 799 00:40:39,854 --> 00:40:41,897 where for eons, 800 00:40:41,981 --> 00:40:45,526 we all look up into the sky and wonder, are we alone? 801 00:40:46,944 --> 00:40:49,113 We're on the cusp of a deeper understanding of our 802 00:40:49,196 --> 00:40:51,574 place in the cosmos. 803 00:40:51,657 --> 00:40:53,159 -Imagine what's going to happen when we find, 804 00:40:53,242 --> 00:40:55,619 if we find, that there's life in the universe. 805 00:40:55,953 --> 00:40:57,997 If we find life anywhere else, 806 00:40:58,080 --> 00:40:59,790 it means that we're actually part of a 807 00:40:59,874 --> 00:41:01,667 galactic community of life. 808 00:41:03,502 --> 00:41:06,005 And that changes everything about who 809 00:41:06,088 --> 00:41:08,090 we think we are, what we think we are, 810 00:41:08,174 --> 00:41:10,468 what we think our future might be, 811 00:41:10,759 --> 00:41:13,846 that I think it would really force us to rewrite 812 00:41:13,929 --> 00:41:16,056 philosophies and religions and politics. 813 00:41:18,392 --> 00:41:20,895 -I think what excites me most about being involved 814 00:41:20,978 --> 00:41:23,355 with this topic is just the mystery of it and the 815 00:41:23,439 --> 00:41:25,733 intense curiosity that I have about wanting 816 00:41:25,816 --> 00:41:29,320 to understand our world, our reality. 817 00:41:29,778 --> 00:41:31,030 And this is part of that. 818 00:41:31,113 --> 00:41:32,781 It's part of the unseen world out there 819 00:41:32,865 --> 00:41:35,534 that we don't comprehend, but it's very, very real. 820 00:41:36,535 --> 00:41:38,662 So what does that tell us about who we are 821 00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:40,080 as human beings? 822 00:41:41,415 --> 00:41:43,501 That's a very profound question for me. 823 00:41:46,587 --> 00:41:48,923 -Why it was so impactful to me. 824 00:41:50,466 --> 00:41:55,638 I have a profound thought of humanity and how-manity, 825 00:41:55,721 --> 00:41:57,973 humanity has to act to survive. 826 00:41:58,641 --> 00:42:01,477 And sometimes I'm really frustrated by that. 827 00:42:01,560 --> 00:42:05,356 I'm frustrated that people don't take the time to think 828 00:42:05,439 --> 00:42:08,234 about what's beyond the earth, 829 00:42:08,317 --> 00:42:11,820 what's beyond the stars, what's out there? 830 00:42:12,738 --> 00:42:14,365 How can we get there? 831 00:42:14,949 --> 00:42:17,576 And I just see all the hate in the world. 832 00:42:17,952 --> 00:42:20,412 And I think that's what probably bothers me more than 833 00:42:20,496 --> 00:42:22,998 having an alien put his hand on my shoulder. 834 00:42:27,836 --> 00:42:29,797 [Peter Skafish] We need to be thinking about what the 835 00:42:29,880 --> 00:42:33,467 meaning of this is for different parts of humanity. 836 00:42:35,302 --> 00:42:38,389 I personally would find it very irresponsible to be 837 00:42:38,639 --> 00:42:41,850 working on this professionally, in a political capacity, 838 00:42:41,934 --> 00:42:43,936 in an intellectual capacity, 839 00:42:45,062 --> 00:42:48,315 and to not think that going beyond war, 840 00:42:48,399 --> 00:42:51,819 going beyond a global condition in which we have 841 00:42:51,902 --> 00:42:54,071 children who are not educated, 842 00:42:54,572 --> 00:42:57,992 who are not fed, not having a world in which 843 00:42:58,075 --> 00:42:59,785 human rights are respected. 844 00:43:00,703 --> 00:43:02,705 You know, if we don't care about those things, 845 00:43:02,788 --> 00:43:04,290 then who cares about UAP? 846 00:43:06,875 --> 00:43:08,419 [Jacob Haqq Misra] Let's say we do a comprehensive search 847 00:43:08,502 --> 00:43:10,546 and we find nothing. 848 00:43:10,629 --> 00:43:12,840 All we find is evidence that this is it. 849 00:43:13,507 --> 00:43:15,050 All we have is life on Earth, 850 00:43:15,134 --> 00:43:16,885 and it's just dead out there in space. 851 00:43:17,136 --> 00:43:19,096 No life, no technology, nothing. 852 00:43:20,723 --> 00:43:23,892 Well, that just makes this all the more special. 853 00:43:24,351 --> 00:43:25,603 If this is what we have, 854 00:43:25,686 --> 00:43:28,480 if this is what life is in the universe, 855 00:43:28,814 --> 00:43:31,734 then we have an even greater challenge to protect this life, 856 00:43:32,318 --> 00:43:35,237 to preserve it, maybe even to spread it 857 00:43:35,487 --> 00:43:37,114 elsewhere in space. 858 00:43:37,489 --> 00:43:40,200 So either way, this is a really important question. 859 00:43:40,284 --> 00:43:44,455 And the fact that we can answer this question with science... 860 00:43:48,959 --> 00:43:51,003 ...is, I think, a reason that we should 861 00:43:51,086 --> 00:43:52,171 put resources into trying 862 00:43:52,254 --> 00:43:53,839 to answer this question with science.