This programme contains scenes which some viewers may find upsetting.
My name is Alishan Jafri.
I am a journalist reporting on hate crimes
and the rise of extreme politics.
India is a state where calls for genocide against Muslims
are on the rise.
There is a very direct call to violence
to make India a Hindu nation.
The Prime Minister of this country should have spoken against it.
But he does not speak up.
CROWD CHANTS: Modi! Modi! Modi!
REPORTER: The man of the moment.
Prime Minister of India.
He is the leader of the world's biggest democracy.
Narendra Damodardas Modi.
He came to power promising a new age of prosperity.
CHEERING
But his rule has been marred by religious turmoil.
REPORTER: There have been violent protests
in opposition to a new citizenship law,
which many see as discriminating
against the nation's Muslim minority.
REPORTER: Many in India see this law as anti-Muslim.
REPORTER: Massive pelting.
Massive pelting as of now is going on.
This series tells the story of Narendra Modi's
troubled relationship with India's Muslims.
As a young child, Mr Modi joined an organisation which believes
that this is a country of the Hindus.
Could he have done more to prevent violence
that killed hundreds of Muslims?
We were hearing that those orders to let all this happen
were coming from the top.
It is obviously a stain on his reputation.
There's no way out of that.
I'm not agree with your analysis.
I'm not agree with your information.
From where you have picked up this type of garbage, I do not know.
He was cleared of criminal conspiracy,
a finding upheld by India's highest court.
Agenda was to destroy Narendra Modi politically.
The agenda was explicitly political.
But concerns will not go away.
Questions remained over Mr Modi's head for a long time,
and they remain over him now.
Narendra Modi has promised to build a new India.
But what does that mean for the millions of people who belong
to its largest minority?
This regime wants to disenfranchise the Muslims
and make India a Hindu nation.
HORNS HONK, THEY SHOUT
Mariam's husband, Alimuddin, was a Muslim.
His attackers were Hindu.
Prior to Modi coming to power,
there is intercommunal violence in India.
Sometimes this involves lynchings of Muslims, of Hindus, of Sikhs.
But definitely we can say
that after 2014 there are increased
numbers of lynchings towards the Muslim population.
Alimuddin's attackers accused him of trading beef,
something that had been becoming increasingly controversial
under Narendra Modi's rule.
Hindus consider cows to be sacred.
REPORTER: Two Muslim women were beaten, allegedly by the members
of a Hindu radical group.
REPORTER: Now, this happened when the police
received a tip-off that two women
on a local train were bringing beef to sell...
A large mob dragged 50-year-old Mohammad Akhlaq Saifi
out of his home,
killing him in front of his family with the equipment he uses for...
And it began with a speech that the Prime Minister made.
Mr Modi said that India was participating in what he called
the Pink Revolution.
The Pink Revolution refers to the export of beef
and the sort of bloody images of meat.
In response to that, the BJP states criminalised the possession of beef.
After that, the violence began.
Over three and a half years,
vigilantes would kill 44 people and injure around 280
in cow-related violence.
Most victims were Muslim.
Few of the attackers were brought to justice.
There were calls for Mr Modi to condemn the violence,
but he was largely silent.
His silence is heard by the people as appreciation.
It is a clear signal that - go ahead,
nothing will be done against you.
Amid mounting criticism,
on the day of Alimuddin's murder, Mr Modi spoke out.
Then there was a surprising development.
REPORTER: Three days after Alimuddin Ansari was killed by cow vigilantes,
the first political arrest in the case, Nityanand Mahato,
the BJP's district spokesman.
Police say a video of the incident shows Mahato dragged Ansari
out of the van.
BJP spokesman Nityanand Mahato was found guilty of Alimuddin's murder
and sentenced to life in prison.
But one of Mr Modi's government ministers helped him
and the other convicted men with their legal fees.
And when they were bailed,
he welcomed them with garlands of flowers.
REPORTER: Jayant Sinha remains brazen,
despite outrage over his move
to welcome and garland the eight convicts of the 2017 lynching.
So is there tacit support by the state for actions like these?
Mr Sinha said he assisted the men because they were poor.
He criticised the way photos of him with them had been misused,
but said he would not do it again.
Over four years later, the men are still free.
The clear message is that this is a Hindu majoritarian country
and anybody who does anything or takes any action
which is against the sentiment of the Hindus of India
are going to be targeted.
If there is evidence that certain people
have been guilty of things like lynching,
it is not the business of a political party
to condone them or felicitate them.
At the same time, to generalise from this incident
to mean that this is the standard practice in India,
this is the character of the BJP, is, to my mind,
an unwarranted assumption.
If you look back at it now,
the lynchings are the beginnings
of things that became bigger and bigger.
They are so disturbing and horrifying.
They were the early warning system of what was coming.
CROWD CHANTS: Modi! Modi! Modi!
When Mr Modi ran for a second term as Prime Minister,
his brand of Hindu nationalism
was backed by a record number of Indian voters.
His party won the largest majority it had ever seen.
India's Prime Minister, Narendra Modi,
has secured a second five-year term
in the country's historic general election.
For the first time, the BJP won in areas which they had NEVER won in.
You got stupendous victories.
Modi had really, truly become a pan-India figure.
A victory for Mr Modi was interpreted
as a mandate for the muscular nationalism
that Mr Modi and his government had been projecting.
CROWD CHANTS: Modi! Modi! Modi!
REPORTER: The man of the moment
who will take oath of secrecy and office
for the second time as Prime Minister of India.
He was now one of the most powerful politicians
the country had ever seen.
They realise that they can quickly instigate their agenda.
The fundamental aim is to Hinduise the way that India functions
and irrevocably change the political, social
and cultural nature of India.
Essentially, the gloves are off.
Mr Modi is definitely trying to make India a majoritarian country,
you know, where Hindu primacy is established.
I don't think that there's any doubt about that.
This regime wants to accommodate the Hindus
and basically disenfranchise the Muslims.
The idea is to make India a Hindu nation.
There is a Hindu population in India.
It's more than... Around 80%.
Major support for BJP comes from those people,
those who consider themselves as Hindu.
That doesn't mean anti-Muslim party or anti-Sikh
or anti-Christian party.
It is the most centralised government that has ever
been run in India.
There's almost no pushback to any kind of order
that comes from Narendra Modi.
All decision-making is directly controlled.
Mr Modi would quickly turn his attention to the only part
of India with a Muslim majority.
I'm Habeel Iqbal.
I'm a lawyer and I work in Kashmir.
Many rumours were going on that the government are going to change
Jammu and Kashmir.
What the politicians were saying made it clear that something
sinister is in the offing.
Kashmir is one of India's most sensitive areas...
..marred by years of terrorism
and part of a bitter conflict with neighbouring Pakistan.
For some 70 years,
special rules had allowed Kashmiris to run their own affairs.
But this was unacceptable to the party in power.
The BJP's manifestos, right from the '90s or even earlier,
had certain particular demands which were there.
One was the rescinding of Article 370,
which gives special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
We regard the whole of Kashmir as a part of India.
So we said, "Why should we have
"this Article 370 to keep Kashmir differently?"
Nine weeks after Mr Modi's swearing in,
troops were sent into Kashmir.
REPORTER: The government approves sending in 10,000
additional paramilitary troops to Jammu and Kashmir.
REPORTER: The centre is now rushing about 25,000 more
paramilitary personnel to the valley.
Now, this is all for a massive security drive to counter terrorism
and bolster the security preparedness.
REPORTER: Major politicians in the region
were placed under house arrest.
Internet and phone services are completely cut off.
Strict curfew was put throughout Kashmir.
There was a complete communication blackout.
Completely, we were cut off from the outside world.
The fear and anxiety was creeping up.
On the 5th of August, Mr Modi's government scrapped the arrangement
that gave Kashmir autonomy and took direct control.
REPORTER: India's government has made a significant move
to take direct control of the state of Kashmir.
Opposition parties have called this one of the darkest days
for Indian democracy.
Now you can say that Jammu and Kashmir is ruled from New Delhi.
And a new policy of "Indianisation" is taking place.
Three days later, Mr Modi addressed the nation.
It was a hugely popular decision within the country.
It may have been contested and there might have been other
issues which, vis-a-vis relations with Pakistan,
but within the country it was hugely popular.
But in Kashmir, the reaction was stark.
EXPLOSION, PEOPLE SHOUT
REPORTER: In spite of a curfew,
hundreds of protesters clashed with police after Friday prayers.
The government knew that there would be huge protests.
But the response of the state has been the same
whenever any protest takes place
to suppress and to silence the protesters.
People were arbitrarily detained.
They were arresting people left, right and centre.
It was like a horror show.
Nearly 4,000 people were detained in the first month alone.
Habeel says he began to hear claims of beatings and torture
at the hands of the authorities.
People had been taken in the dead of the night
and they were subjected to extreme physical torture.
One guy I met,
torture was being done on him
and at the same time,
a public address system was kept near him
so that the entire village could hear him cry.
It was the tactic to intimidate the entire population.
They don't want the world to see what is happening in Kashmir.
The Indian army has vigorously denied claims of torture.
But the UN's most senior human rights expert spoke out.
I am deeply concerned about the impact of recent actions
by the government of India on the human rights of Kashmiris,
including restrictions on internet communication and peaceful assembly
and the detention of local political leaders and activists.
Kashmir is very important for Mr Modi
to harness the Hindu vote in other parts of the country.
Showing that the Kashmiri Muslim citizens are being controlled,
are being checked, are being shown their place
is very important for Mr Modi's political sustenance.
After, you know, 70 years of this being in a limbo,
Jammu and Kashmir is back to where it should be.
It's a fully integrated part of the Indian Union.
NEWSREADER: There is a growing set of concerns
over a wave of killings targeting Hindus
in Indian-administered Kashmir.
In the years that followed,
there were incidents of anti-Hindu violence.
REPORTER: The Indian government denies
that there's an atmosphere of fear in Kashmir.
It says its policies are bringing peace and development.
During his election campaign, Mr Modi had promised to tackle
a major concern for Hindu nationalists -
illegal immigration.
He said he would introduce
a national register of Indian citizens.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
The NRC was already being tested in Assam, in a long-term trial
monitored by India's Supreme Court.
For decades, large numbers of Hindus and Muslims
had migrated here from neighbouring Bangladesh.
The Muslim migration into Assam has been for economic reasons.
The Hindu migration was basically because of religious persecution
and edging out of the minorities from Bangladesh.
If you want to create a modern state where citizens
should have all the rights, so at least you should define
who your citizens are.
In every other country, there is a national population register.
BJP wanted to do that and they should do that.
They have all the right.
Some feared what the NRC would mean for Assam's large Muslim population.
But Mr Modi said it would only target illegal immigrants.
What it said was, if you could show documentary evidence
of your ancestors being in the state of Assam before 1971,
you would be included in this National Register of Citizens.
If you could not do so, this would become a problem.
One of those who had to prove he was Indian
was Muslim rickshaw driver Nur Hussain.
The authorities said there was also a problem
with the papers for Nur's wife, Zahara.
So she was arrested, too.
Nur and Zahara took their children with them.
They would all spend the next 18 months in a detention centre.
This is not a country that is trying to manage a refugee problem.
This is a country that's manufacturing refugees
out of its own population, you know?
This is incredible.
Under the National Register of Citizens, 700,000 Muslims
were reportedly declared illegal immigrants,
but so were more than a million Hindus.
The government proposed a controversial amendment
to India's Citizenship Act that would help solve this problem.
The CAA says that those people who migrated to India
without documentation from Afghanistan, Bangladesh
or Pakistan, which are India's neighbours,
before December 31st, 2014, would be
given citizenship automatically,
unless they were Muslim.
It's meant, purely, in my opinion, to go after Muslims in this country.
It was not against any particular community or group.
It was in favour of persecuted minorities, which includes
Hindus, Sikh, Christians, Buddhists from Bangladesh,
Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Unfortunately, it was misinterpreted in some quarters as meaning
that it could lead to the citizenship of some people
being taken away.
The law never said that anything can be taken away.
The law spoke about giving citizenship to people.
Was Mr Modi right in getting this into parliament
and getting it enacted? Yes.
It is something that was welcomed all over India.
THEY CHANT
But protesters took to the streets to voice concern
about the future for Muslims in Narendra Modi's India.
REPORTER: Thousands gathered to protest against the bill
in several states in India,
describing it as a discriminatory legislation
intended to target Muslims.
TRANSLATION: This bill will not harm even a little bit any minority,
especially our Muslim brothers and sisters who live in this country,
because this bill only gives citizenship.
It doesn't take it away from anybody.
In this bill, they are targeting a community without naming it.
It violates the basic structure of the Constitution.
It is divisive and exclusive.
They are directly saying that all refugees are welcome
except Muslim refugees.
You're just putting a whole population into insecurity.
So that was the basis on which these huge protests rose up.
REPORTER: Many in India see this law as anti-Muslim and say it goes
against the fundamentals of India's constitution, which says everyone
is equal before the law.
The reaction in the country was massive.
The stake was very high.
It defined the identity of India.
The very identity, the very nature
of the Indian state was at stake.
In Delhi, students at a prestigious university
gathered for a protest march on India's parliament.
All we wanted was one march to the parliament
to register our protest against the CAA and the NRC.
I strongly believe that the CAA can make a lot of Muslims stateless.
That is why, you know, we've been very vocal.
The police barricaded the road and, you know, stopped the students
from marching forward.
That is when some students tried to cross the barricade.
Tear-gas shell is fired,
and it just falls right in front of me.
I just couldn't breathe.
One of my friends, he was completely drenched in blood.
We did not expect that a students' protest would be met out
with such brutality by the police.
It was an unbelievable situation to be in,
in Delhi, in the heart of capital.
It suddenly seemed like a war zone now.
The violence prompted more student protests.
The demonstrations spread.
Then, at the university,
the police decided to move in.
THUDDING, SCREAMING
Suddenly, the police burst inside...
..beating people like anything.
SHOUTING
Students were hiding under the tables and, you know,
they were shouting for help, for mercy,
but the police action continued indiscriminately.
GLASS SHATTERS
SHOUTING CONTINUES
REPORTER: Students try to hide from the police
and shield themselves from the tear gas in the air.
In the men's bathroom, an injured student,
and another one, who lay unconscious.
Dozens of them were taken to the local hospital.
Police came inside. They dragged us all...
They say they were beaten by the police for protesting
against India's new citizenship law.
They beat up the students.
They vandalised the university,
created an environment of fear and terror, to teach us a lesson,
to never protest again.
The police said they were trying to restore law and order.
Their actions led to even bigger protests.
REPORTER: Today, people marched...
..in Delhi...
..Mumbai...
..Kolkata, against what they see as a divisive law
that discriminates against Muslim migrants.
An unprecedented show of dissent
against the country's Hindu nationalist leadership.
REPORTER: Protests have now escalated
and it's across the country. It's now a pan-India agitation.
NEWSREADER: There have been violent protests in major cities
across India, mostly in opposition to a new citizenship law,
which many see as discriminating
against the nation's large Muslim minority.
In Delhi, protesters occupied parts of the city
and said they'd stay until the new law was repealed.
Safoora Zargar was among them.
I think more and more people become aware of the consequences
of the CAA and NRC,
you know, and that is why I feel that this protest became a movement.
I'm puzzled as to why there should have been
a significant Muslim protest in places like Delhi.
They were very much Muslims who'd been settled in Delhi
for a long, long time.
They were not threatened in any way.
And in my view, this was not a protest about citizenship.
This was a protest about Muslims feeling
that they had lost their foothold
in the political system over the past...
..seven, eight years.
Hardline Hindu clerics made threats against the Muslim protesters.
Supporters of Mr Modi held their own demonstrations.
You had senior BJP politicians appearing
and threatening the protesters.
As the protests entered their third month,
Narendra Modi's India had never seemed so divided.
But support for the embattled Prime Minister
came from an unexpected quarter.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
We now invite the dynamic,
dedicated and determined architect of New India,
Honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi
for his welcome remarks.
CHEERING
Friends,
I present to you, my friend...
..India's friend, the President of the United States of America,
Mr Donald Trump.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
Namaste, Trump!
Namaste, namaste.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
Let me begin by expressing my profound gratitude
to an exceptional leader,
a great champion of India,
a man who works night and day
for his country, and a man I am proud to call my true friend,
Prime Minister Modi.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
Your nation has always been admired around the Earth as the place
where millions upon millions of Hindus and Muslims
worship side by side in harmony.
Your unity is an inspiration to the world.
We love you. We love you, India, very much.
Thank you. Thank you.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
LOUD BANG
REPORTER: The situation is deteriorating as we speak.
Anti and pro-CAA protesters clashing.
Violence and vandalism continues.
REPORTER: This violence between anti and pro-CAA protesters
took a turn for the worse.
REPORTER: You can see the situation is very volatile.
Both the sides are clashing with each other.
You can see again, massive pelting.
Massive pelting as of now is going on.
REPORTER: The national capital, a battleground.
Violent clashes between Hindus and Muslims have rocked the city.
ANIMATED CONVERSATION
LOUD CRACK, HE CRIES OUT
HE SINGS QUIETLY
RAGGED SINGING
PROTESTER GROANS
POLICEMAN SHOUTS
The video of Faizan's beating went viral.
This Muslim man was beaten to death by the police.
Faizan was 23.
When I saw that video, I really thought,
what a disgusting society we are.
What a disgusting society we are.
EXPLOSION
The violence lasted for six days.
They are meant to protect all of India's people.
But here, the police are seen with Hindus throwing
stones towards Muslims.
Videos like these have been emerging since the violence last week.
500 people were injured during the riots.
53 were killed.
Two thirds of the dead were reportedly Muslim.
An investigation by Amnesty International concluded
that the police committed serious human rights violations, including
torture and ill treatment, excessive and arbitrary use of force
on protesters, and active participation in the violence.
The Amnesty report on the violence in Delhi showed that the police
did not act as it should have acted.
Where it did act, it often named the wrong people.
Often the victims were named as the perpetrators of the violence.
And we called for a proper investigation into these acts,
which hasn't happened so far.
Delhi police said the Amnesty report was lopsided,
biased against the police, and maliciously made a case
of human rights violations.
In the larger scheme of things,
the Delhi riots were not important, but they were important to the media
because it means less work and you can get good media footage
just at your doorstep.
No police officers have been charged over the beatings
of Asim and Faizan.
Delhi police say their investigation continues.
The police arrested more than 2,000 people over the violence,
both Hindus and Muslims.
And in the weeks that followed, they launched operations to arrest
those they considered ringleaders of the riots.
On 10th April, the doorbell rang.
My husband came and he just said,
"Some people have come to ask you questions."
A group of seven or eight policemen said, "Pack your bags."
I was not expecting my arrest.
They took me.
And the roads are completely empty and deserted.
I couldn't see anybody.
That was the scary part of it.
That feeling of being so alone.
There were charges against me, including hate speech, rioting,
criminal conspiracy,
murder.
Attempt to murder.
The maximum sentence would be lifetime imprisonment.
This is the Tihar Jail.
India's most-hardened criminals are kept here.
Muslim student Safoora was arrested and charged under a new legal
provision in an anti-terrorism law
called the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, or UAPA.
The first act of Mr Modi after becoming Prime Minister
in his second tenure was to make an amendment in the UAPA
which permitted the government to declare individual citizens
as terrorists, which was completely different from organisations
being declared as terrorist organisations.
Anybody could be declared a terrorist and be put behind bars
and would not be able to get bail for a long period of time.
First of all, I was put into complete isolation.
There's a cell, a very small cell.
I was pregnant and it was my first baby.
My biggest nightmare was giving birth in jail.
I couldn't imagine doing it all alone inside a prison.
Safoora spent 74 days in jail.
Safoora Zargar, the pregnant Jamia Millia Islamia student, was granted
bail today by the High Court after the police did not
oppose her bail on humanitarian grounds.
She is one of 16 Muslims accused of being key conspirators
in the Delhi riots, and charged under anti-terror laws.
TOY SQUEAKS
It started like a complete witch hunt of all those people who were
involved in the anti-CAA protests.
And, you know, to suppress dissent, to make an example out of us
and to put us behind bars.
I'm very confident that they will not be able to prove even
one charge against us.
There was CCTV footage,
there were messages, there were WhatsApp group chats.
On the basis of that, they got arrested.
And they were people from different communities,
not from a particular community.
The irony is that when...after the riots were over, the victims
became the guilty men and women,
and were accused of being responsible for the riots.
So, many were sent to jail, and they are still in jail.
By now, India was battling a new threat - coronavirus.
Strict lockdowns made further protest impossible.
But enmity between Hindus and Muslims remained.
I am a journalist reporting on hate crimes and the rise
of extreme politics.
Mostly my job is to go through videos of violence and hate speech.
India is a state where calls for genocide against Muslims
are on the rise.
A colleague was reporting from the Dharma Sansad,
that is basically Hindu religious parliament.
What they talked about was how Muslims should be eradicated
from the face of the earth.
Generally, we come across 10 to 12 videos per week.
Sometimes there are 10 to 12 videos per day.
These videos spread like wildfire.
They just go viral.
Muslims have got the message that they should not expect the state
to protect them.
We are talking to each other saying, "Do you think it will happen?
"Do you think it's really going to be like Rwanda?"
Why do I speak to you on this film?
Only so that there's a record somewhere that all of us
didn't agree with this, you know?
But it's not a call for help, because no help will come.
In June last year, a BJP spokeswoman made comments
about the Prophet Muhammad on TV that angered Muslims in India
and around the world.
Two Muslim men killed a Hindu who they said supported
the politician's comments.
The men were arrested after they posted a film of the killing
online and made threats against Mr Modi.
There are extremist groups from either side.
And because of the provocation of social media,
that has become a phenomena, you can say.
Even if there are calls from Hindu groups, then there
are Muslim groups also.
This is happening from both sides, and this should be stopped.
We should take action, whether it's said by Hindus,
whether it's said by Muslims, whether it's said by Sikhs,
or whoever, there are boundaries of free speech...
..in India.
And there should be.
I think the larger issue that we do not promote any form
of extremism has been said by Mr Modi many times.
The work that many of us do is very dangerous.
I have received death threats, but that does not deter me.
Reporting today has become more risky, more dangerous,
more difficult, and quite frankly,
based on where we are today,
the path looks even rockier.
Today in India, reporters face violence, intimidation and arrest
for doing their jobs.
Campaigners say press freedom has declined since Narendra Modi
came to power, and is now in crisis.
He views independent media as something that is going to do
damage to him and that is hostile to him.
I think he believes in the politics of full-spectrum dominance.
From his point of view, throttling the media, or exercising a high
degree of control over the media, is essential to his project.
Human rights campaigners say they are also under attack.
Amnesty in India says it was forced to suspend operations
by the government.
The government said the group had broken the law by circumventing
rules around foreign donations.
What he has done, in effect, is to be able
to shut down a very large part of civil society in this country.
Thousands of NGOs have shut after 2015, and it's quite dire.
I don't think that the NGO space, the civil society space,
has seen such a time ever in the history of independent India.
When Narendra Nodi came to power in 2014, India was considered
to be a free country by the US think-tank Freedom House.
Now it is only partly free.
Our democracy may not be perfect.
But it keeps on improving.
And I think there's enough elbow room for everybody to have opinions,
whether they are...rational or otherwise.
Safoora Zargar remains on bail.
They have dehumanised Muslims in the country.
It is being made very clear -
Muslims will have to live like second-class citizens.
Kismatun is still fighting to identify the police officers
who beat her son to death.
The men accused of attacking Alimuddin Ansari are
still out on bail.
Under Narendra Modi, India has been transformed.
He remains enormously popular
and hugely divisive.
What was politically incorrect has now become the consensus.
No longer does a Hindu think that it is wrong to demand special
rights for Hindus.
Mr Modi has been able to successfully give voice
to this sentiment.
Muslims in India are in a position that they've never been before,
and I don't know how it is that we'll be able to come out of it.
The perception that Mr Modi is anti-Muslim is widespread.
I don't deny that. It's there.
But I think what is important to realise is that - is there a single
institutional obstacle which debars Muslims or gives
Hindus exceptional privilege?
There isn't.
The West is looking at India as the best way
to balance China.
And that is the reason why they will not criticise, they will not condemn
most of the decisions which have been made.
Human rights are not very high on the list any more
because there is a bigger challenge.
It is important to the West not only economically but also politically.
Any big conversation in international affairs,
climate change, global finance, requires India to be in the room.
There can be no solution without India.
But it looks to be descending into some form of authoritarianism
where power is in the hands of one individual.
I think with a high degree of certainty, he'll win the next
election, maybe he'll win the election after that.
And that means for young people in India that that will be the only
India they know.