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Downloaded from
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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♪

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(Snow crunches)

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Exploration has been the
greatest driving force in my
life, since I was young.

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♪

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And exploring this alien
landscape of Antarctica

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is a challenge unlike anywhere
else on Earth.

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Over 100 years ago, Antarctica
was more than just a challenge.

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It was the very limit of human
knowledge and scientific
understanding.

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The last unexplored continent
on Earth.

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It's the beginning of the 20th
century,

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the heroic era of polar
exploration.

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These are the astronauts of
their time,

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and Antarctica was their moon.

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DISTANT VOICE OF CONTROLLER:
Lift off, we have a lift off!

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Explorers from around the world,

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pit themselves against the
immense wilderness of
Antarctica,

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in search of glory and
discovery.

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But this is a vast, cold,
isolated and entirely
unforgiving place.

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(Loud rumbling)

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What do you do when it
all goes horribly wrong?

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The journals and film recorded
by Sir Ernest Shackleton and
his crew of 27,

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answers that very question.

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AS SHACKLETON: The story of our
attempt, is the tale of the
white warfare, of the south.

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The struggles, the
disappointments and the
endurance of this small party

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of Britishers,

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make a story which is unique,
in the history of Antarctic
exploration.

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I ask myself, 'why on earth one
comes to these parts of the
earth?'

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(Loud crashing)

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(Radio chatter)

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I think we all have a sense of
adventure in us,

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and it manifests in
different ways with different
people.

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Life's true adventure is
understanding what the meaning
of it all is,

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and I think that drives medical
research, it drives artistic
self expression,

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it drives people's desire to
cross ice caps or climb
mountains.

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That has burnt brightly in me
since childhood, and I've never
grown out of it.

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I've always just had that
desire to keep on discovering.

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And it's seen me go to the far
limits of human endurance

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and to the ends of the world as
a means to do that.

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VARIOUS NARRATIONS:
Environmental scientist Tim
Jarvis.

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Australian explorer Tim Jarvis
lost more

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than 50 pounds of body weight,

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recreating the journey of Sir
Douglas Mawson.

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In doing the expeditions the
old way, essentially
disadvantaging yourself

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by using 100 year old
equipment, you get about as
close as you can

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to experiencing that which they
experienced 100 years prior.

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At least I could honestly say
that I've

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been served up the same sorts
of conditions as he had.

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REPORTER: Explorer Tim Jarvis
is the only man

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to have ever recreated the
harrowing journey of Ernest
Shackleton,

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using the same inadequate
clothing and equipment as they
had back in 1913.

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There have been many instances

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along the way,
some falls in the mountains,

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where you do wonder whether
it'd be the last move you make.

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♪

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I'm so excited about getting
down here, I mean,

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I feel I really come alive
when I'm in a place like this,

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you get much closer to the
spirit of the great man if
you're following

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in his footsteps, but also you
get closer to this more
resourceful version of you

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that emerges when you find
yourself in these places.

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They've been the theater for so
many

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fascinating journeys in the
past that you can't help but
be inspired.

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We are 830 nautical miles
southeast of the Falkland
Islands,

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headed to the whaling island of
South Georgia

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where Shackleton began his
imperial trans antarctic
expedition.

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SHACKLETON: There remained but
one great main object

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of antarctic journeyings, the
crossing of the south polar
continent from sea to sea.

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The distance will be roughly
1,800 miles,

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and the first half of this,

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from the Weddell Sea to the
pole, will be over unknown
ground.

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Every step will be an advance
in geographical science

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and this report will prove of
great scientific interest.

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An expedition of this scale
would require a budget of
millions in today's money.

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To fund his dreams of the South,

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Shackleton would rely on his
ability to convince people of
the cause.

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Shackleton had this way of
getting people

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excited about what they
were going to know.

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He offered them things
that money couldn't buy.

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So if you were a wealthy
benefactor

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thinking about maybe putting
money into a polar expedition
Shackleton could

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name a mountain range or a
coastline after you and you had
immortality guaranteed.

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So it was a clever way of doing
it.

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♪

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This wasn't Shackleton's
first attempt to make history.

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In 1907, he was hired to lead
the Nimrod expedition to the
Antarctic.

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The mission was to be the first
to reach the south pole.

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Although they set a new record
for the most southerly point
ever reached,

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they were forced to turn back
just 97 nautical miles short of
their target.

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Shackleton and his men,
starving and exhausted,

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returned to base inspired by
what they'd seen,

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but frustrated with how close
they'd come.

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It would take Shackleton almost
seven years to raise the funding
and plan this expedition,

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personally putting
everything on the line this
time.

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The stakes couldn't be higher.

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SHACKLETON: Long days of
preparation were over, and the
adventure lay ahead.

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I gave the order to heave
anchor at 08:45 a.m.

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on December 5 1914,

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and the clanking of the
windless broke for us, the last
link with civilization.

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(Dogs barking)

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The fate of the expedition

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now rested on the shoulders
of the 28 crew of the Endurance.

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Shackleton was a consummate
leader of men

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in those days on those early
expeditions, a leader of
people.

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And he got about 3,000
applicants for the 27 places on
the expedition team.

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And his recruitment process
involved interviews that
involved him throwing

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really curly, interesting
questions at people, just to
see how they would react.

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And if there was someone who
was too rigid in their
thinking,

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perhaps again they weren't the
kind of person who had the
capacity for lateral thinking

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and problem solving ability
that he was looking for.

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He always wanted people who saw
a positive in any situation,

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and you need that for
successful expeditioning, or
indeed, life.

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And in the end, how relevant
those skills turned out to be.

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The crew seemed a strong one,

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and as I looked at the men,
I felt confidence increasing.

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(Birds squawking)

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The Weddell Sea was
notoriously inhospitable,

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and already we knew that its
sternest face was turned
towards us.

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What welcome was the Weddell
Sea preparing for us?

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♪

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To navigate these southern
waters,

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timing is everything.

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In the relative warm months of
summer, the sea is less frozen

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and large lanes of open water,
provide passage to the
continent.

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I'm just staring out on a scene
of brash ice and pancake ice.

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Pancake ice is when the surface
just

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starts to freeze over,
and that's what we're starting
to see.

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And it's the beginning of the
formation, of course, of pack
ice.

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As Endurance went south, they,
of course,

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started to experience pack ice,
initially probably very much
like this,

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and then, of course,
became thicker and thicker and
thicker.

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Worsley on board Endurance was
a wonderful

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00:11:17,680 --> 00:11:19,720
skipper and Shackleton
was no slouch himself.

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00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:21,239
So between them and some of the
other sailors on board,

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00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:23,760
they knew what they were
doing in terms of getting
through pack ice,

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00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:27,520
but you're really pushing
through leads, which are the
gaps between

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the bits of larger pack, and
you try to force the ship
through there,

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00:11:32,079 --> 00:11:33,760
push the pack ice apart.

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(Cracking)

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Expedition cameraman Frank
Hurley, recorded the efforts of
the crew

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as they navigated
their way through the ice.

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The fearless Australian would
perch himself

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almost anywhere, to capture
the dynamic imagery he was so
famous for.

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The last 250 miles had been
through close pack,

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alternating with fine long
leads and stretches of open
water.

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00:12:10,840 --> 00:12:15,560
Under the boughs and alongside,
great slabs of ice were being
turned over

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00:12:16,479 --> 00:12:19,880
and slid back on the flow, or
driven down and under the ice
or ship.

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00:12:20,760 --> 00:12:25,079
In this way, the Endurance
would split a two foot to three
foot flow

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a square mile in extent.

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(Cracking)

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It was important that we should
make

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progress towards our goal
as rapidly as possible.

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(Wind whistles)

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In order to keep the expedition
on schedule,

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Shackleton had to make land
before the ocean froze over
for winter.

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00:13:02,920 --> 00:13:06,159
When the pack ice starts to
form on the surface of the
sea,

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ultimately it forms an apron
around Antarctica, which
actually almost doubles

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the size of the continent,
which is incredible when you
think of it.

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The ice can be anything from 20
cm thick

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all the way through
to three or 4 meters thick.

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00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:20,439
And of course, the further
south you go,

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the thicker it gets,

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and it comes a point where you
need

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to make a judgment about
whether you're prepared to keep
the engines running

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and push further south, or try
and push further south

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into this incredibly thick ice,

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00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,359
all the while thinking, how are
we going to get home at the
end of this?

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00:13:45,279 --> 00:13:50,239
I was anxious, for certain
reasons, to winter the
Endurance in the Weddell Sea.

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But the difficulty of finding
a safe harbour might be very
great.

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It was as though the spirits
of the Antarctic were pointing
us

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00:13:58,119 --> 00:14:02,760
to the backward track, the
track we were determined not
to follow.

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00:14:03,359 --> 00:14:06,039
Our desire was to make easting
as well as southing,

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00:14:06,439 --> 00:14:10,359
so as to reach the land, if
possible,

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00:14:10,399 --> 00:14:14,600
east of Ross's, farthest south
and, well east of Coats Land.

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00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:21,600
The unusually abundant sea ice,
ground their progress to a
crawl,

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00:14:21,640 --> 00:14:26,520
with the rapidly freezing
seawater trapping them time
after time.

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00:14:26,560 --> 00:14:29,319
The ice was only getting
thicker and open water

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00:14:29,359 --> 00:14:30,800
was slowly disappearing.

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00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:40,279
They were reaching dead ends,

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00:14:40,319 --> 00:14:45,520
having to turn around, chip
their way through the ice, sit
and wait it out sometimes,

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00:14:45,560 --> 00:14:47,000
when they became completely
stuck,

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00:14:47,039 --> 00:14:50,119
for the ice to open up again,
break up and move.

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00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,600
And it was a pretty torturous
process trying to get through.

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00:14:56,199 --> 00:14:58,640
♪

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00:15:02,279 --> 00:15:05,840
The name of the game was to
keep pushing south as best one
could,

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00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:09,359
and sometimes open leads of
water in amongst the pack ice,

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00:15:09,399 --> 00:15:11,920
would force you to go left
and right,

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00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:14,119
not doing much in
the way of southerly travel,

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00:15:14,159 --> 00:15:18,920
but you were constantly
focused on trying to get south
as best you could.

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00:15:22,880 --> 00:15:25,840
The situation became dangerous
that night.

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00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:29,560
We pushed into the pack in the
hope of reaching open water
beyond,

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00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:34,520
and found ourselves after dark
in a pool which was growing
smaller and smaller.

193
00:15:38,039 --> 00:15:41,680
Ultimately, they reached a dead
end.

194
00:15:43,479 --> 00:15:45,760
Pack ice closed in around the
vessel,

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00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:48,640
and no more leads were
opening up.

196
00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:50,600
The weather was getting colder
and it was

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00:15:51,199 --> 00:15:54,239
very clear that that was
where they would remain.

198
00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:04,640
I could not doubt now that the
Endurance was confined for the
winter.

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00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:16,560
The abandonment of the attack
was a great disappointment to
all hands.

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00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:21,680
The men had worked long hours
without thought of rest, and
they deserved success.

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00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,600
But the task was beyond our
powers.

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00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:34,760
The land showed still in fair
weather on the distant horizon,

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00:16:34,800 --> 00:16:38,159
but it was beyond our reach,
now.

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00:16:44,439 --> 00:16:45,439
(Metal whirring)

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00:16:55,079 --> 00:16:56,079
(Wind blowing)

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00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:58,800
Much like the endurance,

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00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:02,279
we've reached as far south
as the ice will allow us.

208
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,319
When it's clear, the Endurance
is not going to go any further
south,

209
00:17:12,359 --> 00:17:16,439
it was one of those real
defining moments of the
expedition where I think you're

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00:17:16,479 --> 00:17:18,359
hopeful, always right to the
end,

211
00:17:18,399 --> 00:17:21,199
that you could just push,
find a lead,

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00:17:21,239 --> 00:17:25,399
push far enough to actually
make landfall on the continent
and set up your winter camp,

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00:17:25,439 --> 00:17:29,840
to be prepared for the land
crossing of the continent the
following summer,

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00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:34,520
so the decision to ultimately
stop short and set up winter
camp on the ice

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00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:36,279
must have been a really
difficult moment.

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00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:41,880
Life is all about playing
a bad hand of cards well,

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00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:44,359
and I think that sums
it up fairly accurately.

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00:17:44,399 --> 00:17:48,439
You've got to look positively
at any situation you find
yourself in.

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00:17:50,039 --> 00:17:51,359
In many people's minds,

220
00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:55,600
many of the expedition team
felt, well, that's it, that's
the expedition gone,

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00:17:55,640 --> 00:17:57,800
the rest is all about survival.

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00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:01,520
And Shackleton managed to keep
them motivated through a sort
of combination

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00:18:01,560 --> 00:18:04,840
of suggesting that things
could still improve,

224
00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:06,039
the ice might break up,

225
00:18:06,079 --> 00:18:11,600
there might be an opportunity
to push south, as the ice began
to thaw.

226
00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:14,000
But in the meantime he had them
doing

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00:18:14,039 --> 00:18:18,640
language lessons and gathering
food and playing soccer matches
on the ice.

228
00:18:18,680 --> 00:18:23,479
And these are all sort of
things that you don't do, if
you're expecting to die.

229
00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:30,159
And it was clever because the
men felt that Shackleton had
the measure

230
00:18:30,199 --> 00:18:32,680
of the circumstances
in which they found themselves.

231
00:18:36,159 --> 00:18:38,439
The flat flows and frozen leads

232
00:18:38,479 --> 00:18:42,039
in the neighbourhood of the
ship, made excellent training
grounds.

233
00:18:42,079 --> 00:18:44,399
Hockey and soccer on the flow
were our chief recreations,

234
00:18:44,439 --> 00:18:48,880
and all hands joined in many a
strenuous game.

235
00:18:50,239 --> 00:18:52,439
Worsley took a party to the
flow on the 26th,

236
00:18:52,479 --> 00:18:58,000
and started building a line
of igloos, and dog loos around
the ship.

237
00:19:00,359 --> 00:19:02,640
The dogs seemed heartily glad
to leave the ship,

238
00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:07,840
and yelped loudly and joyously,
as they were moved to their new
quarters.

239
00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:28,560
The sun, which had been above
the horizon for two months,

240
00:19:28,600 --> 00:19:31,880
set at midnight on the 17th.

241
00:19:31,920 --> 00:19:33,479
And although it would not
disappear until April,

242
00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:38,399
its slanting rays warned us of
the approach of winter.

243
00:19:43,279 --> 00:19:45,760
Pools and leads appeared
occasionally,

244
00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:48,560
but they froze over very
quickly.

245
00:19:54,520 --> 00:19:56,560
♪

246
00:19:59,079 --> 00:20:03,920
Psychologically, the unending
nature of Antarctica is always
difficult to deal with

247
00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,119
but more so when you've got
the darkness of winter to deal
with,

248
00:20:07,359 --> 00:20:09,600
so the sun disappears, quite
literally for,

249
00:20:10,279 --> 00:20:14,119
when you get further,
further south to the pole
itself,

250
00:20:14,159 --> 00:20:17,720
six months of the year you're
in brutally low temperatures,

251
00:20:18,880 --> 00:20:20,159
and complete darkness.

252
00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:24,760
More important than that,
psychologically,

253
00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:28,600
your whole world shrinks back
into that little area of light
around

254
00:20:28,640 --> 00:20:30,279
the stove at night.

255
00:20:30,319 --> 00:20:35,640
Or candles or blubber stove lit
fires that you could keep
going.

256
00:20:36,199 --> 00:20:41,560
And it would be very difficult
in that situation to think
positively about

257
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:42,920
the journey ahead.

258
00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:45,359
You're there, it's cold,

259
00:20:45,399 --> 00:20:48,800
the chances of your survival
are low.

260
00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:51,079
And the chances of you
sailing out when

261
00:20:51,119 --> 00:20:53,920
the ice is getting thicker and
thicker rather than the other
way around.

262
00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:56,439
It would have been a very
bleak time for many of them.

263
00:20:59,119 --> 00:21:01,600
Trapped on the frozen surface
of the sea,

264
00:21:01,640 --> 00:21:04,199
isolated and cut off from
the world,

265
00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:08,279
they may as well have been
on the surface of the moon.

266
00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:15,359
The disappearance of the sun is
apt to be a depressing event in
the polar regions.

267
00:21:17,159 --> 00:21:21,199
But the Endurance's company
refused to abandon their
customary cheerfulness

268
00:21:21,920 --> 00:21:25,560
in strange contrast with the
cold, silent world that lay
outside.

269
00:21:31,560 --> 00:21:34,960
Shackleton knew they had no
control over the situation they
were in.

270
00:21:36,800 --> 00:21:41,039
So he focused the men's
attention on the things they
could control.

271
00:21:44,479 --> 00:21:47,560
All crew, regardless of rank,
were required to clean the ship.

272
00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:52,760
Ongoing scientific research
was collected and catalogued.

273
00:21:55,119 --> 00:21:57,720
The sharing of duties kept
everybody on an even keel.

274
00:21:58,079 --> 00:22:00,399
It made all of the men,
regardless of their position,

275
00:22:00,439 --> 00:22:02,720
feel that everyone was in this
together.

276
00:22:05,399 --> 00:22:08,000
Shackleton had a genius,

277
00:22:08,039 --> 00:22:13,600
it was neither more nor less
than that, for keeping those
about him in high spirits.

278
00:22:13,640 --> 00:22:15,079
We loved him.

279
00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:19,079
The men had felt the cold, that
is true,

280
00:22:19,119 --> 00:22:23,039
but he had inspired the kind
of loyalty which prevented them

281
00:22:23,079 --> 00:22:26,359
from allowing themselves
to get depressed over anything.

282
00:22:27,439 --> 00:22:30,159
And they had stood up to the
hardships

283
00:22:30,199 --> 00:22:32,680
inseparable from
antarctic exploration,

284
00:22:33,079 --> 00:22:34,640
without a murmur.

285
00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:39,880
A form of midwinter madness has
manifested itself.

286
00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:44,319
All hands being seized with
the desire to have their hair
removed.

287
00:22:44,840 --> 00:22:46,840
It caused much amusement.

288
00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:52,399
We are likely to be cool headed
in the future, if not
neuralgic.

289
00:22:55,520 --> 00:23:00,800
During the night, I took a
flashlit photograph of the ship
beset by pressure.

290
00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:02,039
(Explosive sound)

291
00:23:03,439 --> 00:23:04,720
This necessitated some 20
flashes...

292
00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,000
...one behind each
salient pressure hummock

293
00:23:10,119 --> 00:23:12,199
to satisfactorily
illuminate the ship herself.

294
00:23:18,279 --> 00:23:19,880
♪

295
00:23:27,359 --> 00:23:29,520
Half blinded by the successive
flashes,

296
00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:32,760
I lost my bearings amidst
hammocks bumping
shins,

297
00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:34,159
against projecting ice
points

298
00:23:34,199 --> 00:23:36,720
and stumbling into deep snow
drifts.

299
00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:47,399
♪(Triumphant music)

300
00:23:51,039 --> 00:23:53,680
SHACKLETON: All cheered, by the
indication that the end

301
00:23:53,720 --> 00:23:59,960
of the winter darkness is near,
79 days after our last sunset.

302
00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:04,239
All the winter, the drifting
pack changes,

303
00:24:05,199 --> 00:24:10,840
grows by freezing, thickens by
rafting, and corrugates by
pressure.

304
00:24:11,239 --> 00:24:15,520
If finally in its drift it
impinges on a coast such as the
western shore of the

305
00:24:17,560 --> 00:24:18,840
of the Weddell Sea,

306
00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:23,279
terrific pressure is
set up, and an inferno of ice
blocks,

307
00:24:23,319 --> 00:24:25,159
ridges and hedgerows results,

308
00:24:25,760 --> 00:24:30,000
extending possibly for 150 or
200 miles offshore.

309
00:24:31,840 --> 00:24:35,239
The effects of the pressure
around us, were awe inspiring.

310
00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:41,239
Mighty blocks of ice,
gripped between meeting flows,

311
00:24:41,279 --> 00:24:45,399
rose slowly, till they jumped
like cherry stones squeezed
between thumb and finger.

312
00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:50,600
The pressure of millions of
tons of moving ice,

313
00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:52,119
was crushing and smashing
inexorably.

314
00:24:52,479 --> 00:24:56,000
If the ship was once gripped
firmly, a fate would be sealed.

315
00:24:57,640 --> 00:24:58,640
(Rumbling)

316
00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:01,880
We could see from the bridge,

317
00:25:03,079 --> 00:25:05,640
that the ship was bending like
a bow under titanic pressure.

318
00:25:07,760 --> 00:25:10,479
The onslaught was all but
irresistible.

319
00:25:13,319 --> 00:25:15,399
Well, the noise of thousands
and thousands

320
00:25:15,439 --> 00:25:18,680
of tons pushing in around the
beams of a ship,

321
00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:20,479
creaking and groaning and

322
00:25:20,520 --> 00:25:23,720
desperately trying to
withstand that pressure would
have been like

323
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:26,399
the final death throes
of an animal, or a person,

324
00:25:26,439 --> 00:25:28,920
and indeed, I think that's the
way they tended to think of it,

325
00:25:28,960 --> 00:25:32,119
it was this guttural kind of
roars

326
00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:35,880
and almost pleas for help
coming from the vessel as it
trying to withstand

327
00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:36,920
this pressure,

328
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,680
because these sort of unseen
forces are closing in around
them

329
00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:44,439
and it must have been a really
hellish kind of situation to
find themselves in.

330
00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:46,920
(Creaking)

331
00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:50,920
The roar of pressure could
be heard all around us.

332
00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:55,239
Almost like a living creature.

333
00:25:55,439 --> 00:25:57,880
She resisted the forces
that would crush her.

334
00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:00,960
But it was a one sided battle.

335
00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:05,359
Millions of tons of ice pressed
inexorably upon the little
ship,

336
00:26:05,399 --> 00:26:10,479
that had dared the challenge of
the Antarctic.

337
00:26:15,239 --> 00:26:17,520
The men were listening to the
structural damage for weeks,

338
00:26:17,560 --> 00:26:21,760
as the pressure of the pack
closed in around the hull.

339
00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:23,840
Fearing the ship was not going
to take them home,

340
00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:27,159
they were powerless to do
anything.

341
00:26:28,399 --> 00:26:30,159
It must have felt hopeless.

342
00:26:34,399 --> 00:26:38,479
The plans for abandoning the
ship in case of emergency had
been made well in advance,

343
00:26:39,520 --> 00:26:42,520
and men and dogs
descended to the flow and made
their way

344
00:26:42,560 --> 00:26:47,640
to the comparative safety of an
unbroken portion of the flow,
without a hitch.

345
00:26:50,119 --> 00:26:53,800
It was a sickening sensation to
feel the decks breaking up
under one's feet.

346
00:26:55,319 --> 00:27:01,800
She is crushed and abandoned
after drifting more than 570
miles during the 281 days,

347
00:27:02,199 --> 00:27:06,119
since she became locked in the
ice.

348
00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:12,119
It is hard to write what I
feel.

349
00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:19,800
The attack of the ice reached
its climax at 04:00 p.m.

350
00:27:20,159 --> 00:27:26,560
The flows, with the force of
millions of tons of moving ice
behind them,

351
00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:28,439
were simply annihilating the
ship.

352
00:27:37,079 --> 00:27:40,359
The men were left with,
quite literally a pile of
driftwood.

353
00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:43,199
The images Hurley captured are
dramatic.

354
00:27:44,279 --> 00:27:46,880
Everything above the hull just
fell to pieces,

355
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:48,640
leaving a collection of cables
and wires,

356
00:27:50,159 --> 00:27:52,840
ropes and split timber on the
ice.

357
00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:57,960
It was barely recognizable as a
vessel.

358
00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:08,000
The task is to reach land
with all the members of the
expedition,

359
00:28:08,039 --> 00:28:12,399
and to that I must bend my
energies and mental power and
apply every bit

360
00:28:12,439 --> 00:28:14,760
of knowledge that experience
of the Antarctic had given me.

361
00:28:24,680 --> 00:28:25,680
♪

362
00:28:31,119 --> 00:28:33,159
The task was likely to be long
and strenuous,

363
00:28:33,199 --> 00:28:37,880
and an ordered mind and a clear
program are essential,

364
00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:41,399
if we were to come through
without loss of life.

365
00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:04,439
Once the Endurance had sunk and
they hadn't obviously managed
to make landfall

366
00:29:04,479 --> 00:29:06,920
on the continent, the original
expedition goal was off.

367
00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:10,159
And so this required a complete
reframing.

368
00:29:10,199 --> 00:29:14,760
And as Shackleton famously
said, 'a man must adjust to a
new mark directly

369
00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:16,239
'the old one goes to ground.'

370
00:29:16,319 --> 00:29:20,800
And it was all about then
looking positively at the
changing circumstances.

371
00:29:21,079 --> 00:29:22,399
And this is where I think there
was just a critical,

372
00:29:22,439 --> 00:29:26,840
kind of inflection point,
really, where he said, 'look,

373
00:29:26,880 --> 00:29:29,479
'the original goal of crossing
Antarctica is not possible.

374
00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:31,399
'The new goal is saving
ourselves,

375
00:29:31,439 --> 00:29:35,239
'but the good news is that even
though our mission has changed.

376
00:29:35,279 --> 00:29:37,159
'our vision of doing something
memorable together,

377
00:29:37,199 --> 00:29:41,920
'surviving, testing ourselves,
pushing ourselves beyond the
limits

378
00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:46,119
'of human endurance
to, in this case, now save
ourselves

379
00:29:46,159 --> 00:29:48,239
'rather than cross Antarctica,
as was the original goal,

380
00:29:48,279 --> 00:29:51,239
'will still allow us to come
home as heroes.

381
00:29:51,359 --> 00:29:52,960
'We will achieve our vision.

382
00:29:53,439 --> 00:29:55,079
'It's just that the mission has
changed.'

383
00:29:55,119 --> 00:29:59,079
And I think this was really a
kind of masterstroke, in the
way that he managed

384
00:29:59,119 --> 00:30:02,720
to reframe and reposition
the direction of the whole
endeavour.

385
00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:08,159
Essential supplies had been
placed on the flow about 100
yards from the ship,

386
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:11,239
and there we set about
making a camp for the night.

387
00:30:12,159 --> 00:30:16,199
Now it's a case of anything we
take off the ship, we've got to
carry.

388
00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:18,279
So weight was critical,

389
00:30:18,319 --> 00:30:21,680
and Shackleton said, each man
has two pounds, two pounds of
gear.

390
00:30:21,880 --> 00:30:24,279
And he set a wonderful example
here

391
00:30:25,039 --> 00:30:28,760
by basically discarding a whole
series of things that might, in
the normal world,

392
00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:32,760
be perceived as valuable things
like watches and rings and
jewelry,

393
00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:35,319
and chucked them down on the
ice and said, 'none of this
matters.

394
00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:38,279
'We need to just take
what we need to survive.'

395
00:30:39,319 --> 00:30:41,359
And indeed, the guitar made it,

396
00:30:41,399 --> 00:30:44,920
just a masterstroke in thinking
about what really makes
somebody tick.

397
00:30:44,960 --> 00:30:47,600
And it made the men feel that,
again,

398
00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:49,760
at some level, he had
circumstances under control.

399
00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:51,800
They're taking a musical
instrument.

400
00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:53,359
What a thing to take.

401
00:30:55,159 --> 00:30:58,239
We are now 346 miles from
Paulet island,

402
00:30:59,279 --> 00:31:03,000
the nearest point where there
is any possibility of finding
food and shelter.

403
00:31:04,279 --> 00:31:08,239
I mustered all hands and
explained the position to them
briefly,

404
00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:13,600
and I hope clearly, and have
stated that I propose to try to
march with equipment

405
00:31:13,640 --> 00:31:15,960
across the ice in the direction
of Paulet Island.

406
00:31:16,319 --> 00:31:20,079
I thanked the men for the
steadiness and good morale they
have shown in these

407
00:31:20,119 --> 00:31:25,279
trying circumstances and told
them I had no doubt that
provided they continued

408
00:31:25,319 --> 00:31:29,800
to work their utmost and to
trust me, we will all reach
safety in the end.

409
00:31:47,399 --> 00:31:50,039
The first thought was,
the ship's gone down.

410
00:31:50,079 --> 00:31:53,600
We have these lifeboats,
let's take a couple of them.

411
00:31:53,640 --> 00:31:57,000
And with the 28 men,
we have 14 men to a boat,

412
00:31:57,039 --> 00:32:01,159
pull them like a sled and see
if we can find our way to the
continent.

413
00:32:01,319 --> 00:32:03,840
And that was the original plan.

414
00:32:08,319 --> 00:32:11,159
It was with the utmost
difficulty that we shifted our
two boats.

415
00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:14,640
The surface was terrible,

416
00:32:14,920 --> 00:32:17,359
like nothing that any of us
had ever seen around us before.

417
00:32:19,159 --> 00:32:22,279
We were sinking at times up
to our hips and everywhere

418
00:32:22,319 --> 00:32:24,039
the snow was 2ft deep.

419
00:32:25,119 --> 00:32:26,319
And this they pursued for a
couple of days

420
00:32:26,359 --> 00:32:28,359
until they realized it was
just completely futile.

421
00:32:28,399 --> 00:32:33,600
In fact, it started to erode
away people's morale very, very
quickly,

422
00:32:33,640 --> 00:32:36,479
just the physical effort of
pulling these heavy,

423
00:32:36,520 --> 00:32:40,359
heavy 22-and-a-half foot
keelless whale boats through
the,

424
00:32:40,399 --> 00:32:42,479
through the ridges of ice.

425
00:32:49,800 --> 00:32:52,760
In 2007 I dragged a wooden sled
across Antarctica

426
00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:58,439
in a bid to honour Australian
explorer Sir Douglas Mawson,
and it almost killed me.

427
00:33:01,640 --> 00:33:04,239
Taking on such a physical
challenge

428
00:33:04,279 --> 00:33:06,880
really is a race against time
to achieve your goal.

429
00:33:06,920 --> 00:33:11,000
The sled you're dragging is
carrying all the food and fuel
you need to survive.

430
00:33:11,039 --> 00:33:13,119
But the energy just to move
that weight,

431
00:33:13,159 --> 00:33:16,439
to make those miles,
it can exceed your daily
rations.

432
00:33:16,479 --> 00:33:18,159
You can easily run out of food.

433
00:33:23,359 --> 00:33:26,640
Mentally, there's lots of
places you go to when things
are really tough.

434
00:33:27,960 --> 00:33:31,159
Sometimes you're able to really
appreciate

435
00:33:31,199 --> 00:33:33,279
the grandeur of what it
is you're undertaking.

436
00:33:34,039 --> 00:33:36,479
Other times, you retreat back
into just

437
00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:40,000
the routine of doing things in
a really kind of robotic way.

438
00:33:42,680 --> 00:33:45,359
Anything that helps
you take the next step.

439
00:33:51,039 --> 00:33:53,039
♪

440
00:33:56,479 --> 00:33:58,640
Considering how little result
we had to show

441
00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:02,199
for all our strenuous
efforts of the past four days,

442
00:34:03,439 --> 00:34:06,960
it would be impossible to
proceed for any great distance.

443
00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:13,800
Taking into account also the
possibility of leads opening
close to us and so of our

444
00:34:13,840 --> 00:34:17,479
being able to row northwest to
where we might find land,

445
00:34:17,520 --> 00:34:20,960
I decided to find a more solid
flow

446
00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:24,720
and their camp until conditions
were more favourable for us to
make

447
00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:28,960
a second attempt to escape
from our icy prison.

448
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:31,319
We call this 'Ocean Camp',

449
00:34:31,359 --> 00:34:33,159
this floating lump of ice,

450
00:34:33,199 --> 00:34:37,680
about a mile square at first,
but later splitting into
smaller

451
00:34:37,720 --> 00:34:42,520
and smaller fragments, was to
be our home for nearly two
months.

452
00:34:45,840 --> 00:34:50,680
The consoling feature of the
situation, was that our camp
was safe.

453
00:34:51,359 --> 00:34:54,039
We could endure the
discomforts.

454
00:34:55,840 --> 00:34:56,840
(Dogs barking)

455
00:34:59,119 --> 00:35:02,479
Having only travelled 4 miles
from the crushed Endurance,

456
00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:05,079
dog teams were sent back to the
wreckage

457
00:35:05,119 --> 00:35:08,760
to salvage timber, rope,
fuel, and the third lifeboat.

458
00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:12,760
When the weather permitted,

459
00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:17,439
pieces of the ship and her
cargo were ferried across to
Ocean Camp,

460
00:35:17,479 --> 00:35:20,079
where the men set about building
a supply depot,

461
00:35:20,119 --> 00:35:22,439
and even a kitchen.

462
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:28,239
But this is a precarious
existence.

463
00:35:28,279 --> 00:35:30,560
There's not enough food to
survive unless

464
00:35:30,600 --> 00:35:33,920
they can find seals or
penguins.

465
00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:36,479
At any time, the ice on which
they camped could break up.

466
00:35:37,039 --> 00:35:40,479
A storm could wipe away their
little tented encampment on the
ice.

467
00:35:42,319 --> 00:35:45,159
These are miserable
conditions for the 28 men.

468
00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:51,399
Our meals had to consist
mainly of seal and penguin.

469
00:35:51,439 --> 00:35:53,279
And though this was valuable as

470
00:35:53,319 --> 00:35:56,760
an antiscorbutic,
so much so that not a single
case

471
00:35:56,800 --> 00:35:58,399
of scurvy occurred amongst the
party,

472
00:35:58,439 --> 00:36:01,319
yet it was a badly
adjusted diet,

473
00:36:01,359 --> 00:36:04,640
and we felt rather weak
and innovated in consequence.

474
00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:07,000
The cook deserves much praise
for the way

475
00:36:07,039 --> 00:36:10,359
he has stuck to his job through
all this severe blizzard.

476
00:36:10,399 --> 00:36:12,800
His galley consists of nothing
but a few

477
00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:17,439
boxes arranged as a table, with
a canvas screen erected around
them on four oars,

478
00:36:18,239 --> 00:36:22,399
and the two blubber stoves
within the protection afforded
by the screen is only partial,

479
00:36:22,439 --> 00:36:27,520
and the eddies drive the
pungent blubber smoke in all
directions.

480
00:36:29,439 --> 00:36:34,479
We live well, but perhaps it's
that hunger that's the best
condiment.

481
00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:38,960
Even the fact that our seals
and penguins are full of
internal parasites

482
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:42,279
of the nastiest or most
loathsome kind does not deter
us.

483
00:36:47,079 --> 00:36:50,920
The collection of food was now
the all important
consideration,

484
00:36:50,960 --> 00:36:53,479
owing to this shortage of food

485
00:36:54,600 --> 00:36:57,800
and the fact that we needed all
that we could get for
ourselves.

486
00:36:57,840 --> 00:37:00,960
I had to order all the dogs to
be shot.

487
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:02,960
It was the worst job that we
had had

488
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:06,800
throughout the expedition,
and we felt their loss keenly.

489
00:37:12,079 --> 00:37:14,600
This evening, as we were lying
in our tents,

490
00:37:14,640 --> 00:37:18,840
we heard the boss call
out, 'she's going, boys!'

491
00:37:19,920 --> 00:37:24,399
There was our poor ship, a mile
and a half away,

492
00:37:24,439 --> 00:37:26,439
struggling in a death agony.

493
00:37:26,479 --> 00:37:31,159
It made the scene even more
desolate and depressing.

494
00:37:32,119 --> 00:37:34,600
Weeks turned into months.

495
00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:37,800
Of all the dangers these men
faced,

496
00:37:39,279 --> 00:37:43,039
the cold, starvation,
the unfathomed depths beneath
them

497
00:37:43,760 --> 00:37:47,199
loss of morale was the greatest
threat of them all.

498
00:37:51,760 --> 00:37:57,800
There were 28 men on our
floating cake of ice, which was
steadily dwindling under

499
00:37:57,840 --> 00:38:01,640
the influence of wind, weather,
charging flows and heavy swell.

500
00:38:04,359 --> 00:38:10,600
I confess that I felt the
burden of responsibility sit
heavily on my shoulders.

501
00:38:10,760 --> 00:38:14,079
Loneliness is the penalty of
leadership.

502
00:38:16,079 --> 00:38:19,880
Shackleton took on a lot of the
responsibility for keeping
men's morale up,

503
00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:23,439
in normalizing the
circumstances

504
00:38:23,479 --> 00:38:26,560
and always seeming to have a
plan for what would happen
next.

505
00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:28,039
It was always a next step.

506
00:38:28,079 --> 00:38:30,880
It wasn't all going to end here
and now with their death on
the ice as failures.

507
00:38:32,479 --> 00:38:34,319
The boss would sort something
out.

508
00:38:34,359 --> 00:38:36,000
And all would be well.

509
00:38:40,479 --> 00:38:45,239
Rather than sitting in ocean
camp any longer with nothing
but time to think,

510
00:38:45,279 --> 00:38:47,720
Shackleton organised another
march towards the peninsula.

511
00:38:52,079 --> 00:38:55,680
Another march meant abandoning a
significant amount of their
provisions.

512
00:38:58,159 --> 00:39:03,039
For the lifeboats and sleds
to travel over this now heavily
distorted surface,

513
00:39:03,079 --> 00:39:05,039
they would have to travel as
light as possible.

514
00:39:07,119 --> 00:39:12,000
Extra food, timber, fuel, even
their tent, canvas flooring
would all be left behind.

515
00:39:12,119 --> 00:39:13,880
at Ocean camp.

516
00:39:20,279 --> 00:39:25,159
I informed all hands that I
intended to try and make a
march to the west

517
00:39:25,199 --> 00:39:27,680
to reduce the distance between
us and Paulet Island.

518
00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:32,840
I could not but hope that this
time the fates would be kinder
to us than

519
00:39:32,880 --> 00:39:38,640
in our last attempts to march
across the ice to safety.

520
00:39:46,239 --> 00:39:50,279
♪

521
00:39:57,920 --> 00:40:01,319
At this rate, it would take us
over 300 days

522
00:40:01,359 --> 00:40:03,239
to reach the land away to
the west

523
00:40:03,359 --> 00:40:06,840
as we only had food
for 42 days.

524
00:40:07,680 --> 00:40:12,399
There was no alternative,
therefore but to camp once more
on the flow,

525
00:40:12,439 --> 00:40:18,439
and to possess our souls with
what patience we could.

526
00:40:18,479 --> 00:40:22,760
Our new home which we were to
occupy for nearly three and a
half months,

527
00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:26,560
we called Patience Camp.

528
00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:38,039
They must now sit and wait,
helplessly, as their camp drifts
slowly north.

529
00:40:38,079 --> 00:40:42,000
Seals and penguins have
disappeared, leaving the men low
on food and blubber.

530
00:40:43,560 --> 00:40:45,399
All they could do was hope

531
00:40:45,439 --> 00:40:49,039
the warming Weddell Sea, was
pushing them closer to land.

532
00:40:51,720 --> 00:40:54,399
The flow had become our home.

533
00:40:55,520 --> 00:41:00,479
During the early months of the
drift, we had almost ceased to
realise that it

534
00:41:00,520 --> 00:41:05,239
was but a sheet of ice
floating on unfathomed seas.

535
00:41:11,960 --> 00:41:17,880
Our drifting home had no rudder
to guide it, no sail to give
its speed.

536
00:41:17,920 --> 00:41:21,840
We were dependent upon
the caprice of wind and
current.

537
00:41:21,920 --> 00:41:25,920
We went whither those
irresponsible forces listed.

538
00:41:26,439 --> 00:41:31,199
The longing to feel solid earth
under our feet filled our
hearts.

539
00:41:33,399 --> 00:41:38,760
Now our home was being
shattered under our feet.

540
00:41:40,720 --> 00:41:41,720
(Cracking)

541
00:41:42,119 --> 00:41:44,079
The warmer water that was
taking them closer to land,

542
00:41:44,119 --> 00:41:47,760
had reduced their ice flow to a
thin sheet.

543
00:41:48,680 --> 00:41:50,159
The tents, the lifeboats, and
the crew

544
00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:54,840
could easily disappear
into the one degrees Celsius
water.

545
00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:01,359
♪

546
00:42:02,199 --> 00:42:06,720
Some intangible feeling of
uneasiness made me leave my
tent

547
00:42:07,720 --> 00:42:08,880
about 11pm that night,

548
00:42:08,920 --> 00:42:11,079
and glance around the quiet
camp.

549
00:42:11,119 --> 00:42:13,600
I started to walk across the
flow in order

550
00:42:13,640 --> 00:42:17,000
to warn the watchman to look
carefully for cracks.

551
00:42:17,680 --> 00:42:19,960
And as I was passing the man's
tent,

552
00:42:20,239 --> 00:42:24,479
the flow lifted on the crest of
the swell, and cracked right
under my feet.

553
00:42:27,600 --> 00:42:29,720
The men were in one of the dome
shaped tents

554
00:42:29,760 --> 00:42:32,520
and had began to stretch
apart as the ice opened.

555
00:42:37,079 --> 00:42:41,640
Peering into the darkness, I
could just see the dark figures
on the other flow.

556
00:42:45,399 --> 00:42:48,800
I hailed Wilde, ordering him
to launch the Stancombe wills.

557
00:42:52,720 --> 00:42:56,840
The only thing they could do
was jump into their lifeboats
and start paddling.

558
00:42:58,640 --> 00:43:03,520
The spring thaw was destroying
the solid sea ice, and time was
running out.

559
00:43:25,199 --> 00:43:26,199
(Motor whirring)

560
00:43:32,760 --> 00:43:33,840
This is brash ice.

561
00:43:33,880 --> 00:43:37,479
This can be anything from the
size of a car down to the size
of a basketball.

562
00:43:37,520 --> 00:43:40,079
Trying to paddle through this
stuff would have been really
difficult.

563
00:43:41,199 --> 00:43:43,640
They were just desperate to make
landfall wherever they could.

564
00:43:43,680 --> 00:43:46,680
And of course, tantalizingly,
they could see the peninsula
close by,

565
00:43:46,720 --> 00:43:51,279
but they would have been
prevented to get there from the
sea of this kind of stuff,

566
00:43:51,319 --> 00:43:53,840
plus the currents that were
pushing them up into the open
ocean.

567
00:43:53,880 --> 00:43:58,000
It must have been pretty
desperate to see salvation so
close.

568
00:44:03,359 --> 00:44:05,800
They knew from their compass
readings that they were
drifting,

569
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:07,279
perhaps 20 miles a day.

570
00:44:07,720 --> 00:44:09,840
What awaits you, is the storm
tossed southern Ocean,

571
00:44:13,760 --> 00:44:15,680
and if you don't get it right
and find somewhere to land,

572
00:44:15,720 --> 00:44:19,800
you've got thousands and
thousands of miles of nothing
in every direction

573
00:44:19,840 --> 00:44:21,600
and certain death.

574
00:44:28,079 --> 00:44:31,359
♪

575
00:44:34,520 --> 00:44:39,560
These rowboats were not built
to withstand an open ocean
crossing.

576
00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:42,920
They were designed to take
someone from ship to shore.

577
00:44:42,960 --> 00:44:45,479
All three lifeboats were
keelless,

578
00:44:45,520 --> 00:44:50,479
prone to capsize, and they are
in some of the roughest oceans
known to man.

579
00:44:56,119 --> 00:44:57,119
♪

580
00:44:58,399 --> 00:44:59,399
(Birds squawking)

581
00:45:00,800 --> 00:45:03,119
A strong easterly breeze was
blowing,

582
00:45:03,840 --> 00:45:05,960
but the fringe of pack
lying outside

583
00:45:06,720 --> 00:45:11,319
protected us from the full
force of the swell, just as the
coral reef

584
00:45:11,359 --> 00:45:13,640
of a tropical island checks
the rollers of the Pacific.

585
00:45:17,439 --> 00:45:20,479
Elephant Island was the nearest
land

586
00:45:20,520 --> 00:45:22,800
but it lay outside the main
body of pack.

587
00:45:26,279 --> 00:45:28,920
And even if the wind had been
fair,

588
00:45:29,039 --> 00:45:33,119
we would have hesitated to face
the high sea that was running
in the open.

589
00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:44,600
A big flow berg resting
peacefully ahead caught my eye

590
00:45:44,640 --> 00:45:51,119
and half an hour later we
had hauled up the boats
and pitched camp for the night.

591
00:45:51,159 --> 00:45:55,039
Everyone was in need of rest
after the troubles of the
previous night

592
00:45:55,079 --> 00:45:58,479
and the unaccustomed strain
of the last 36 hours of the
oars.

593
00:46:00,159 --> 00:46:03,159
But it was not as safe as it
looked.

594
00:46:06,720 --> 00:46:09,079
Your prospects, if you were
drifting out

595
00:46:09,119 --> 00:46:13,119
into the deep South Atlantic
blown by the winds and the
currents on a piece

596
00:46:13,159 --> 00:46:15,640
of ice like this one, no
one would ever find you,

597
00:46:15,680 --> 00:46:20,319
your home would melt beneath
your feet and you'd be
condemned to the sea forever.

598
00:46:22,159 --> 00:46:25,159
As each swell lifted around our
rapidly dissolving berg,

599
00:46:25,199 --> 00:46:32,199
it drove flow ice onto the
ice foot, reducing the size of
our camp.

600
00:46:35,560 --> 00:46:39,640
I made up my mind that we
should try to reach Deception
Island.

601
00:46:42,760 --> 00:46:46,840
No longer were we drifting
helplessly,

602
00:46:46,880 --> 00:46:49,760
at the mercy of wind and
current.

603
00:46:53,359 --> 00:46:56,920
The men paddled for almost four
days.

604
00:46:56,960 --> 00:46:59,520
Worsley took the first
navigational site

605
00:46:59,560 --> 00:47:03,199
the overcast skies had allowed,
and determined their progress.

606
00:47:05,359 --> 00:47:08,680
It was a grievous
disappointment.

607
00:47:08,720 --> 00:47:10,359
Instead of making a good run

608
00:47:10,399 --> 00:47:13,560
to the westward we had made
a big drift to the southeast.

609
00:47:14,720 --> 00:47:17,439
We were actually 30 miles to
the east of the position

610
00:47:17,479 --> 00:47:22,920
we had occupied when we left
the flow on the 9th.

611
00:47:23,960 --> 00:47:29,359
To us, it was a day that seemed
likely to lead to no more days.

612
00:47:33,479 --> 00:47:36,279
We could hear the killers
blowing.

613
00:47:42,479 --> 00:47:48,760
Their short, sharp hisses,
sounding like sudden escapes
of steam.

614
00:47:48,800 --> 00:47:49,800
(Hissing)

615
00:47:55,119 --> 00:47:57,720
The killers were a source of
anxiety,

616
00:47:57,760 --> 00:48:01,840
for a boat could easily have
been capsized by one of them
coming up to blow.

617
00:48:02,960 --> 00:48:05,039
Shipwrecked mariners might
appear on closer examination,

618
00:48:05,479 --> 00:48:10,039
to be tasty substitutes for
seal and penguin.

619
00:48:13,079 --> 00:48:17,760
Got a pod of orca off the ship
here, which is incredible to
see.

620
00:48:17,800 --> 00:48:21,039
For Shackleton, of course,
the orca were something to be
feared.

621
00:48:21,079 --> 00:48:23,199
We didn't really
understand much about them.

622
00:48:23,239 --> 00:48:25,199
They called them killers,
of course, killer whales.

623
00:48:25,840 --> 00:48:28,479
And they talked of the hissing
noises they'd make,

624
00:48:28,520 --> 00:48:31,399
and the fact they were
being stalked by these
creatures.

625
00:48:31,439 --> 00:48:33,800
And it created this real sense
of unease.

626
00:48:33,840 --> 00:48:36,600
They really regarded them
as something to be feared.

627
00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:43,920
(Blowing)

628
00:48:45,279 --> 00:48:48,000
I think the killer whales
circling Shackleton and his men

629
00:48:48,039 --> 00:48:49,640
as they headed towards Elephant
Island

630
00:48:49,680 --> 00:48:53,319
was just a continuation
of a sort of recurring theme,

631
00:48:53,359 --> 00:48:56,800
which is that Antarctica
respects no person, really.

632
00:48:56,840 --> 00:49:00,640
It's just this untamed
wilderness where

633
00:49:00,680 --> 00:49:06,279
you are just a bit player
in the scheme of things.

634
00:49:07,479 --> 00:49:10,399
If you are not fit enough or
mentally or

635
00:49:10,439 --> 00:49:13,279
physically well prepared
enough, you won't survive.

636
00:49:13,319 --> 00:49:17,479
If you're seen to be a food
source for an animal,

637
00:49:19,359 --> 00:49:22,159
you know, it's just the way
of nature.

638
00:49:23,439 --> 00:49:25,640
We are not above it,
we're just part of it.

639
00:49:26,319 --> 00:49:29,800
And I think Antarctica teaches
you that, when you go there.

640
00:49:36,720 --> 00:49:40,680
The men were left with only one
choice.

641
00:49:41,359 --> 00:49:45,840
Their drift meant they could no
longer reach the islands

642
00:49:45,880 --> 00:49:48,000
inside the relative shelter of
the pack ice,

643
00:49:48,039 --> 00:49:51,640
they were going
to have to brave the open sea.

644
00:49:52,399 --> 00:49:55,479
Obviously, we must make land
quickly,

645
00:49:56,239 --> 00:49:58,560
and I decided to run
for Elephant Island.

646
00:50:02,279 --> 00:50:05,439
Our way was across the open
sea,

647
00:50:05,479 --> 00:50:08,600
and soon after noon, we swung
round the north end of the
pack.

648
00:50:12,239 --> 00:50:13,239
(Waves crashing)

649
00:50:14,159 --> 00:50:17,600
Immediately, our deeply laden
boats began to make heavy
weather.

650
00:50:18,600 --> 00:50:23,199
The ship's sprays, which are
freezing as they fell, covered
men and gear with ice.

651
00:50:27,960 --> 00:50:29,439
(Loud crashing of waves)

652
00:50:35,039 --> 00:50:37,199
It seemed that the general
discomfort of our situation,

653
00:50:37,239 --> 00:50:39,960
could scarcely have been
increased.

654
00:50:40,079 --> 00:50:44,199
But the land looming ahead,
was a beacon of safety.

655
00:50:49,239 --> 00:50:52,600
We had now had 108 hours of
toil,

656
00:50:52,640 --> 00:50:55,880
tumbling, freezing and soaking
with little or no sleep.

657
00:50:57,720 --> 00:50:59,880
Progress was slow.

658
00:50:59,920 --> 00:51:02,199
Gradually, Elephant Island came
nearer.

659
00:51:16,239 --> 00:51:21,880
All this time, we were coasting
along beneath towering rocky
cliffs and sheer glacier faces,

660
00:51:21,920 --> 00:51:28,199
which offered not the slightest
possibility of landing
anywhere.

661
00:51:31,279 --> 00:51:34,880
♪

662
00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:39,520
(Birds squawking)

663
00:51:40,439 --> 00:51:43,560
You can tell just what
the conditions can get to here.

664
00:51:43,600 --> 00:51:47,920
I mean, we've got about 30 or
40 knots of gusts at the
moment,

665
00:51:47,960 --> 00:51:51,960
but the wind speeds, of course,
can get two or three times
that.

666
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:53,880
The trouble here is that you
get not only the winds coming
off the ocean,

667
00:51:53,920 --> 00:51:57,359
but you get the Katabatic
winds, the cold, dense,

668
00:51:57,399 --> 00:52:01,760
masses of air pouring down off
the high ground in the interior
of the island.

669
00:52:01,800 --> 00:52:03,279
And so you get it from both
sides,

670
00:52:03,319 --> 00:52:06,039
and when the wind is
blowing in the same direction,

671
00:52:06,079 --> 00:52:09,920
you've got the wind coming
off the land and the wind from
the sea,

672
00:52:09,960 --> 00:52:12,439
you can really end up
with hurricane force winds.

673
00:52:14,680 --> 00:52:18,039
What we're looking at here is
Cape Valentine, where
Shackleton first arrived.

674
00:52:18,439 --> 00:52:20,199
They landed here and realized
they

675
00:52:20,600 --> 00:52:25,560
couldn't hope to survive with
the prospect of all the ice and
rocks tumbling down

676
00:52:25,600 --> 00:52:29,239
on them from above, and so were
forced to move further around
the island.

677
00:52:34,119 --> 00:52:38,760
Wilde, Worsley and Hurley
accompanied me on an inspection
of our beach.

678
00:52:42,880 --> 00:52:46,279
The outlook we found to be
anything but cheering.

679
00:52:46,319 --> 00:52:48,680
Obvious signs show that at
spring tides,

680
00:52:48,720 --> 00:52:51,800
the little beach would be
covered by the water right up
to the foot of the cliffs.

681
00:52:51,840 --> 00:52:55,840
The interior of the island,
was quite inaccessible.

682
00:52:55,880 --> 00:52:58,079
We climbed up one of the slopes
and found

683
00:52:58,640 --> 00:53:01,760
ourselves stopped soon
by overhanging cliffs.

684
00:53:01,800 --> 00:53:03,680
The rocks behind the camp were
much weathered,

685
00:53:03,720 --> 00:53:08,920
and we noticed the sharp,
unworn boulders that had fallen
from above.

686
00:53:09,319 --> 00:53:12,159
Clearly there was a danger from
overhead.

687
00:53:12,479 --> 00:53:14,560
We must move on.

688
00:53:16,920 --> 00:53:19,199
Shackleton managed to find just
about

689
00:53:19,239 --> 00:53:20,680
the only place you could land,

690
00:53:20,720 --> 00:53:22,479
which is a place called Point
Wild, which is just over there

691
00:53:22,520 --> 00:53:27,359
between that small
triangle of rock on the right

692
00:53:27,399 --> 00:53:29,920
hand side and the face
on the left hand side.

693
00:53:29,960 --> 00:53:33,600
In between those two is a
shingle beach that they
managed to land.

694
00:53:35,279 --> 00:53:37,239
At 09:30 a.m.,

695
00:53:37,279 --> 00:53:40,199
we spied a narrow, rocky beach
at the base

696
00:53:40,239 --> 00:53:44,079
of some very high crags and
cliff and made for it.

697
00:53:52,520 --> 00:53:55,279
Another stage of the homeward
journey had been accomplished

698
00:53:56,920 --> 00:54:00,640
and we can afford to forget
for an hour the problems of the
future.

699
00:54:02,840 --> 00:54:05,600
Life was not so bad.

700
00:54:20,239 --> 00:54:25,399
We got a Weddell seal
basking in this sub zero
temperature just

701
00:54:25,439 --> 00:54:31,359
behind me, and the men were
forced to bludgeon these seals

702
00:54:31,399 --> 00:54:34,680
and eat them both for the
meat they provided,

703
00:54:34,720 --> 00:54:39,359
but also for the blubber
which they rendered down
and used to power their stoves.

704
00:54:42,039 --> 00:54:44,000
Not very palatable, not too
good for the seal, either.

705
00:54:47,720 --> 00:54:50,560
Trying to survive on Elephant
Island would have just been a
brutal experience.

706
00:54:51,239 --> 00:54:53,600
You're living in a space
between two glaciers really,

707
00:54:53,640 --> 00:54:56,880
really just eking out what
existence you can.

708
00:54:56,920 --> 00:54:59,239
And we've got a glacier behind
us here,

709
00:54:59,279 --> 00:55:00,640
a snow slope in the
middle there,

710
00:55:00,680 --> 00:55:04,920
with a steep rock cliff behind
it, and another glacier in the
distance.

711
00:55:04,960 --> 00:55:06,680
They couldn't go more than 50
meters in one direction,

712
00:55:06,720 --> 00:55:09,960
and perhaps 100 meters in the
other direction,

713
00:55:10,000 --> 00:55:11,840
before that was the end of
their world.

714
00:55:11,880 --> 00:55:14,680
They were literally stuck and
trying to eke out its existence

715
00:55:14,720 --> 00:55:18,000
in this tiny, tiny area in the
middle here.

716
00:55:21,199 --> 00:55:24,279
It was heavy work, carrying our
goods over

717
00:55:24,319 --> 00:55:26,880
the rough pebbles and rocks
to the foot of the cliff.

718
00:55:27,800 --> 00:55:31,199
When the work was done,
we pulled the three boats a
little higher up on the beach,

719
00:55:31,239 --> 00:55:37,479
and turned gratefully to the
hot drink that the cook had
prepared.

720
00:55:38,720 --> 00:55:40,640
In order to provide shelter for
the men,

721
00:55:41,319 --> 00:55:43,600
we turned the Dudley docker
upside down

722
00:55:43,640 --> 00:55:46,079
and wedged up the weathered
side with boulders.

723
00:55:47,840 --> 00:55:52,439
A consideration that had weight
with me was that there was no
chance at all of any

724
00:55:52,479 --> 00:55:54,720
search being made for us
on Elephant Island.

725
00:55:58,479 --> 00:56:02,439
A boat journey in search of
relief was necessary and must
not be delayed.

726
00:56:02,880 --> 00:56:06,439
That conclusion was forced upon
me.

727
00:56:10,960 --> 00:56:13,119
The nearest inhabited land to
Elephant Island,

728
00:56:13,159 --> 00:56:16,680
is South America
or the Falkland Islands.

729
00:56:16,720 --> 00:56:18,560
But the strong winds and
currents of the Southern Ocean,

730
00:56:18,600 --> 00:56:21,039
made reaching those places
impossible.

731
00:56:22,479 --> 00:56:25,680
Their only hope was to sail
with the wind

732
00:56:25,720 --> 00:56:28,279
back to the whaling stations of
South Georgia

733
00:56:29,399 --> 00:56:31,039
over 800 nautical miles away.

734
00:56:34,800 --> 00:56:38,520
South Georgia was over 800
miles away,

735
00:56:38,560 --> 00:56:40,760
but lay in the area of the west
winds.

736
00:56:41,680 --> 00:56:43,760
And I could count upon
finding whalers

737
00:56:43,840 --> 00:56:46,199
at any of the whaling
stations on the east coast.

738
00:56:48,920 --> 00:56:51,479
The hazards of a boat journey
across 800 miles of stormy

739
00:56:51,520 --> 00:56:55,159
sub Antarctic ocean were
obvious.

740
00:56:55,199 --> 00:56:57,079
But I calculated that at worst,

741
00:56:57,119 --> 00:57:01,039
the venture would add nothing
to the risks of the men left
on the island.

742
00:57:01,079 --> 00:57:02,960
There would be fewer mouths to
feed during the winter,

743
00:57:03,000 --> 00:57:07,640
and the boat would not require
to take more than one month's
provisions for six men.

744
00:57:08,680 --> 00:57:13,199
For if we did not make South
Georgia in that time, we were
sure to go under.

745
00:57:15,920 --> 00:57:19,880
Shackleton decided to take five
of the men in the most
seaworthy lifeboat,

746
00:57:20,079 --> 00:57:22,600
The James Caird.

747
00:57:22,800 --> 00:57:26,159
I told Wilde at once he
would have to stay behind.

748
00:57:26,439 --> 00:57:30,720
I relied on him to hold the
party together while I was
away.

749
00:57:32,800 --> 00:57:36,680
The men who were staying behind
made a pathetic little group on
the beach

750
00:57:36,720 --> 00:57:39,079
with the grim heights
of the island behind them.

751
00:57:40,239 --> 00:57:44,199
But they waved to us
and gave three hearty cheers.
(Men cheering)

752
00:57:45,319 --> 00:57:47,920
There was hope in their hearts
and they

753
00:57:47,960 --> 00:57:50,119
trusted us to bring
the help that they needed.

754
00:57:54,119 --> 00:57:58,920
I had all sails set, and the
James Caird quickly dipped the
beach

755
00:57:58,960 --> 00:58:01,039
and its line of dark figures.

756
00:58:02,880 --> 00:58:05,439
I decided to run north for at
least two days,

757
00:58:05,479 --> 00:58:09,039
while the wind held and so get
into warmer weather

758
00:58:09,079 --> 00:58:13,600
before turning to the
east, and being a course for
South Georgia.

759
00:58:18,079 --> 00:58:24,000
The tale of the next 16 days
is one of supreme strife amid
heaving waters.

760
00:58:25,520 --> 00:58:30,199
A sub Antarctic Ocean, lived up
to its evil winter reputation.

761
00:58:33,680 --> 00:58:35,119
(Waves lapping)

762
00:58:36,840 --> 00:58:39,279
♪

763
00:58:47,359 --> 00:58:49,920
♪

764
00:58:58,640 --> 00:59:00,680
Southern Ocean is the roughest
ocean in the world.

765
00:59:02,159 --> 00:59:04,720
This is typical Southern Ocean
weather we're facing here.

766
00:59:04,760 --> 00:59:09,560
We've got about 40, maybe 50
knot gusts of winds and quite
big sea states.

767
00:59:09,600 --> 00:59:11,920
We're heading up towards South
Georgia.

768
00:59:11,960 --> 00:59:15,600
You've got the Pacific
basically draining into the
Atlantic from west to east.

769
00:59:15,640 --> 00:59:18,039
And when the wind blows in the
other direction

770
00:59:18,079 --> 00:59:22,399
you get big standing
waves...very, very tough
conditions.

771
00:59:23,159 --> 00:59:24,399
(Waves crash loudly)

772
00:59:25,399 --> 00:59:26,840
We're in 110 meters, ice
strengthened ship here

773
00:59:26,880 --> 00:59:32,399
and Shackleton and his 22 and
a half foot keelless rowboat

774
00:59:33,960 --> 00:59:38,159
in these kind of conditions,
sitting only a foot and a half
above the surface of the sea,

775
00:59:38,199 --> 00:59:44,560
very intimidating, noisy, rough
waves crashing in, soaking you,
threatening to sink you.

776
00:59:45,119 --> 00:59:47,920
Survival time if you go in
here, sub, ten minutes,

777
00:59:48,279 --> 00:59:50,199
but frankly, in rough sea state
like this, two or three.

778
00:59:50,239 --> 00:59:54,279
You'd freeze, you'd lose the
ability to tread water and down
you'd go.

779
01:00:01,920 --> 01:00:06,680
Shackleton's boat journey from
Elephant Island to South Georgia
is widely

780
01:00:06,720 --> 01:00:12,880
considered the most dangerous
and difficult ocean crossing
ever attempted.

781
01:00:12,920 --> 01:00:18,039
In 2013, I had the brilliant
idea to recreate the journey
using the same

782
01:00:18,079 --> 01:00:21,680
inadequate clothing
and tiny robot that they had.

783
01:00:21,720 --> 01:00:26,159
I wanted to experience it for
myself.

784
01:00:29,399 --> 01:00:35,520
It's the hardest physical and
mental endeavour I've ever been
involved in.

785
01:00:38,239 --> 01:00:42,079
I remember being borderline
hypothermic,

786
01:00:42,119 --> 01:00:49,119
with prospects stalking us all
in amongst these sorts of
conditions,

787
01:00:49,560 --> 01:00:54,800
down in the dips between one set
of waves and the next,

788
01:00:57,800 --> 01:00:59,520
waves crashing in.

789
01:01:00,720 --> 01:01:03,800
Standing in one degree celsius
seawater.

790
01:01:05,840 --> 01:01:07,760
Charts.

791
01:01:09,920 --> 01:01:13,239
I have lasting memories of how
that felt from our journey.

792
01:01:17,039 --> 01:01:22,439
Deep seemed the valleys when we
lay between the rain and sea.

793
01:01:22,479 --> 01:01:28,039
High were the hills when we
perched momentarily on the tops
of giant combers.

794
01:01:30,680 --> 01:01:33,079
Nearly always there were gales.

795
01:01:34,760 --> 01:01:40,479
So small was our boat and so
great were the seas, that often
our sail flapped idly

796
01:01:40,520 --> 01:01:43,119
in the calm between
the crests of two waves.

797
01:01:44,680 --> 01:01:49,119
Then we would climb the next
slope and catch the full fury
of the gale,

798
01:01:49,199 --> 01:01:54,479
where the wool like whiteness
of the breaking water, surged
around us.

799
01:01:58,800 --> 01:02:01,720
We were a tiny speck in the
vast vista of the sea,

800
01:02:02,159 --> 01:02:07,319
the ocean that is open to all,
and merciful to none.

801
01:02:10,199 --> 01:02:13,079
When you're down
in amongst it in a keelless
rowboat,

802
01:02:16,159 --> 01:02:19,800
believe me, it's eh...

803
01:02:20,800 --> 01:02:22,680
...it's a very interesting
experience.

804
01:02:23,079 --> 01:02:25,319
It's all part of my therapy,
coming back here and
experiencing this.

805
01:02:25,359 --> 01:02:28,399
Get it out of my system.

806
01:02:32,880 --> 01:02:35,640
The living conditions inside
the boat were also challenging.

807
01:02:35,680 --> 01:02:37,960
The six men were living off a
hot drink called 'hoosh',

808
01:02:39,640 --> 01:02:42,720
a delightful mixture of animal
fat and cereal.

809
01:02:44,520 --> 01:02:49,600
Their reindeer sleeping bags
were so constantly wet, they
began to fall apart,

810
01:02:49,640 --> 01:02:52,199
sending the prickly hair all
throughout the boat,

811
01:02:53,439 --> 01:02:56,039
getting into their clothing,
food and drinking water.

812
01:02:57,520 --> 01:03:00,319
Our water had long been
finished.

813
01:03:00,359 --> 01:03:03,159
The last was about a pint of
hairy liquid

814
01:03:03,199 --> 01:03:06,199
which we strained through a bit
of gauze from the medicine
chest.

815
01:03:08,439 --> 01:03:11,359
Their only means
of navigation was by the sun.

816
01:03:11,439 --> 01:03:14,199
Using a sextant and compass.

817
01:03:14,800 --> 01:03:18,800
Worsley, new South Georgia
island sat on the 54th degree
latitude.

818
01:03:19,960 --> 01:03:21,840
They only need to travel north
to that point,

819
01:03:21,880 --> 01:03:25,800
then allow the strong
Southern Ocean current to push
them east.

820
01:03:31,319 --> 01:03:35,600
I think most of us had a
feeling that the end was very
near.

821
01:03:35,920 --> 01:03:42,279
The morning of May the 8th
broke thick and stormy with
squalls from the northwest.

822
01:03:42,920 --> 01:03:45,399
We searched the waters ahead
for a sign of land,

823
01:03:45,439 --> 01:03:51,000
and though we could
see nothing more than had met
our eyes for many days,

824
01:03:51,039 --> 01:03:55,000
we were cheered by a sense
that the goal was near at hand.

825
01:03:55,680 --> 01:03:58,319
We gazed ahead with increasing
eagerness,

826
01:03:58,359 --> 01:04:01,840
and at 12:30 p.m.
through a rift in the clouds,

827
01:04:02,319 --> 01:04:06,039
McCarthy caught a glimpse
of the black cliffs of South
Georgia.

828
01:04:12,039 --> 01:04:13,800
It was a glad moment.

829
01:04:13,840 --> 01:04:17,079
Thirst ridden, chilled and weak
as we were,

830
01:04:17,119 --> 01:04:22,680
happiness irradiated us,
the job was nearly done.

831
01:04:31,520 --> 01:04:34,159
Incredibly, after 16 days at
sea,

832
01:04:34,920 --> 01:04:38,760
the men had survived 800
miles of 30 foot waves,

833
01:04:38,840 --> 01:04:40,680
and hurricane force winds,

834
01:04:40,880 --> 01:04:42,119
in a 23 foot rowboat.

835
01:04:54,960 --> 01:04:57,000
Well, the sensation Shackleton
had as he approached South
Georgia,

836
01:04:57,039 --> 01:05:02,199
must have been one of pure
relief, after 17 days at sea in
the James Caird,

837
01:05:02,239 --> 01:05:05,399
much of it, not expecting to
make it at all.

838
01:05:07,880 --> 01:05:10,039
It's a pretty emotional feeling
to actually be back here.

839
01:05:10,079 --> 01:05:13,760
It's just exciting again to be
following close on his heels.

840
01:05:16,000 --> 01:05:18,560
We've got a big king penguin
colony

841
01:05:18,640 --> 01:05:21,520
with hundreds of thousands of
breeding pairs in the
foreground here.

842
01:05:21,600 --> 01:05:24,159
And that's the thing about
South Georgia,

843
01:05:24,319 --> 01:05:26,239
you smell it before you can see
it.

844
01:05:26,439 --> 01:05:31,319
You can smell the stench of urea
coming off the king penguins.

845
01:05:31,359 --> 01:05:33,520
It's quite something,
you never quite get used to it,

846
01:05:33,560 --> 01:05:35,680
and you certainly don't get it
out of your clothes.

847
01:05:52,279 --> 01:05:56,039
Millions of penguins and seals
crowd the beaches of South
Georgia.

848
01:05:57,960 --> 01:06:01,920
These are some of the densest
concentrations of wildlife on
the planet.

849
01:06:06,640 --> 01:06:10,039
The most spectacular place
in the world, South Georgia.

850
01:06:10,079 --> 01:06:14,319
It's hundreds of thousands
of breeding pairs of king
penguins.

851
01:06:14,399 --> 01:06:15,960
It's just teeming with life.

852
01:06:16,039 --> 01:06:17,159
It's just spectacular.

853
01:06:17,239 --> 01:06:19,159
Never ceases to amaze.

854
01:06:19,760 --> 01:06:20,880
(Penguins squawking)

855
01:06:21,640 --> 01:06:24,239
I think seeing all these animals
on the beach would have been a
welcome sight frankly,

856
01:06:24,680 --> 01:06:27,359
after the conditions down
in the Antarctic and

857
01:06:27,520 --> 01:06:30,399
in the final analysis,
you can eat them

858
01:06:30,439 --> 01:06:33,880
and would have
been sustenance for Shackleton.

859
01:06:34,119 --> 01:06:35,119
(Growling)

860
01:06:46,560 --> 01:06:49,079
There were hundreds of sea
elephants lying about.

861
01:06:49,119 --> 01:06:53,680
And their anxieties with
regard to food disappeared.

862
01:06:59,039 --> 01:07:03,199
Meat and blubber, enough to
feed our party for years, was
in sight.

863
01:07:04,720 --> 01:07:08,359
A sea elephant provided us with
fuel and meat

864
01:07:08,399 --> 01:07:13,960
and that evening found a well
fed and fairly contented party
at rest in Peggotty Camp.

865
01:07:15,640 --> 01:07:20,279
Abundant meals of sea
elephants, steak and liver
increased our contentment.

866
01:07:26,680 --> 01:07:31,039
The men were grateful for the
safety of land and the abundance
of food.

867
01:07:31,960 --> 01:07:36,800
However, they still needed to
reach the whaling station, on
the other side of the island.

868
01:07:38,760 --> 01:07:42,279
The James Caird was badly
damaged after the crossing.

869
01:07:42,319 --> 01:07:46,359
It would be too dangerous
to sail around the coast.

870
01:07:46,399 --> 01:07:51,359
They were going to have to cross
the island on foot to Stromness
Bay,

871
01:07:51,399 --> 01:07:56,239
25 miles across the treacherous
mountains and glaciers of South
Georgia.

872
01:08:03,359 --> 01:08:06,199
The interior of the island had
never been traversed,

873
01:08:07,399 --> 01:08:11,800
and with winds blowing down
from the peaks at almost 3,000
meters high,

874
01:08:12,640 --> 01:08:18,600
even for the most experienced
mountaineer, this was an
extremely dangerous prospect.

875
01:08:20,000 --> 01:08:23,159
Shackleton decided to take the
two strongest men,

876
01:08:23,600 --> 01:08:28,960
Tom Crean and Frank Worsley,
and attempt this final task.

877
01:08:33,239 --> 01:08:35,880
Soon we were ascending a snow
slope

878
01:08:35,920 --> 01:08:39,279
heading due east on the last
lap of our long trail.

879
01:08:43,279 --> 01:08:48,760
After 2 hours steady climbing,
we were 2,500ft above sea
level.

880
01:08:51,720 --> 01:08:57,880
We roped ourselves together as
a precaution against holes,
crevasses and precipices,

881
01:08:58,880 --> 01:09:01,640
and I broke trail through the
soft snow.

882
01:09:08,000 --> 01:09:10,479
The central facet of
Shackleton's leadership was

883
01:09:10,520 --> 01:09:13,640
That he never asked someone to
do something he wasn't
prepared to do himself.

884
01:09:13,680 --> 01:09:18,000
And indeed, he really
demonstrated that at this stage
of their journey.

885
01:09:28,319 --> 01:09:31,600
Well, just come up Shackleton
Gap From King Haakon Bay

886
01:09:31,640 --> 01:09:35,079
where Shackleton landed more
than 100 years ago.

887
01:09:35,600 --> 01:09:40,039
Weather is beginning to
deteriorate as is always the
case in South Georgia.

888
01:09:41,159 --> 01:09:43,119
You've got this incredible
terrain behind you.

889
01:09:43,159 --> 01:09:44,720
Just shows what the place is
like.

890
01:09:44,760 --> 01:09:46,359
We're heading off to the
Trident mountains

891
01:09:46,399 --> 01:09:50,199
through there where Shackleton,
Crean and Worsley went.

892
01:09:50,479 --> 01:09:56,239
And that's the access point
to the interior of the island
and the whaling stations beyond.

893
01:10:00,880 --> 01:10:03,079
When Shackleton, Crean and
Worsley passed this point,

894
01:10:03,119 --> 01:10:07,479
no one had ever been into the
interior of the island.

895
01:10:07,520 --> 01:10:09,079
Their clothing was inadequate,

896
01:10:09,119 --> 01:10:11,079
they had no real climbing
experience,

897
01:10:11,119 --> 01:10:13,000
one length of rope.

898
01:10:13,039 --> 01:10:17,319
They were now faced with one of
the most treacherous mountain
crossings on earth.

899
01:10:20,439 --> 01:10:22,199
The interior was broken
tremendously.

900
01:10:23,960 --> 01:10:26,640
High peaks, impassable cliffs,

901
01:10:26,880 --> 01:10:30,079
steep snow slopes and sharply
descending glaciers

902
01:10:30,119 --> 01:10:32,079
were prominent features in all
directions.

903
01:10:32,119 --> 01:10:37,960
With stretches of snow plain
overlaying the ice sheet of
the interior.

904
01:10:39,520 --> 01:10:41,640
The slope we were ascending
mounted to a ridge,

905
01:10:42,840 --> 01:10:46,159
and our course lay direct to
the top.

906
01:10:46,560 --> 01:10:51,159
I had hoped to get a view of
the country ahead of us from
the top of the slope

907
01:10:51,800 --> 01:10:57,159
but as the surface became more
level beneath our feet, a thick
fog drifted down.

908
01:10:59,079 --> 01:11:01,680
The moon became obscured and
produced a diffused light,

909
01:11:03,119 --> 01:11:07,560
that was more trying than
darkness, since it illuminated
the fog

910
01:11:07,640 --> 01:11:08,640
without guiding our steps.

911
01:11:10,039 --> 01:11:13,199
We noticed the thin beginnings
of crevasses.

912
01:11:13,239 --> 01:11:15,359
Soon they were increasing in
size and showing fractures

913
01:11:15,880 --> 01:11:21,439
indicating that we were
travelling on a glacier.

914
01:11:23,439 --> 01:11:28,239
♪

915
01:11:38,119 --> 01:11:40,880
It's extremely dangerous
travelling across glaciers.

916
01:11:41,399 --> 01:11:44,800
Thin snow bridges across deep
crevasses

917
01:11:44,880 --> 01:11:49,159
are like hidden trap doors
that at any moment could cave
in.

918
01:11:49,199 --> 01:11:51,039
The crevasses we are
encountering are particularly
bad,

919
01:11:53,680 --> 01:11:56,159
but I suspect they've got worse
here over time.

920
01:11:57,039 --> 01:11:59,960
Had Shackleton,
Crean and Worsley experienced
these conditions,

921
01:12:00,239 --> 01:12:03,359
I wonder how they would have
fared.

922
01:12:14,439 --> 01:12:16,880
♪

923
01:12:18,600 --> 01:12:21,479
The key thing with crossing
crevasses is that you don't
want to fall in obviously,

924
01:12:21,520 --> 01:12:26,359
and the best way to avoid
that is to cross them at right
angles.

925
01:12:26,399 --> 01:12:30,680
So if you are going down a
river of ice, which a glacier is

926
01:12:30,720 --> 01:12:33,039
you're doing things kind of the
right way

927
01:12:33,079 --> 01:12:36,479
because the likelihood is the
crevasses are going

928
01:12:36,520 --> 01:12:39,239
to go from left to right
in front of you across your
path,

929
01:12:39,279 --> 01:12:41,279
and you want to be sort.
Of stepping over them.

930
01:12:41,319 --> 01:12:44,720
What you don't want to be doing
is following the length of a
crevasse

931
01:12:44,760 --> 01:12:46,239
where you give yourself lots
and lots opportunities

932
01:12:46,279 --> 01:12:48,720
to fall in the same thing.

933
01:12:48,760 --> 01:12:52,279
If you see one, tighten the rope
between you so that if somebody
falls in

934
01:12:52,319 --> 01:12:54,359
the other one will hold you.

935
01:12:55,159 --> 01:12:59,119
And just hope to hell that two
people don't fall in because if
you're the one left,

936
01:12:59,159 --> 01:13:02,840
on the surface you probably
haven't got the strength to hold
everybody

937
01:13:02,880 --> 01:13:07,960
from falling in and injuring
themselves or perhaps worse.

938
01:13:12,119 --> 01:13:16,760
♪

939
01:13:24,000 --> 01:13:29,199
♪

940
01:13:38,159 --> 01:13:44,239
We were tired, and the wind
that blew down from the heights
was chilling us.

941
01:13:44,279 --> 01:13:51,279
We decided to get down under
the lee of a rock for a rest.

942
01:13:53,920 --> 01:13:58,079
Within a minute, my two
companions were fast asleep.

943
01:13:58,119 --> 01:14:00,840
I realized that it would be
disastrous if

944
01:14:00,880 --> 01:14:02,479
we all slumbered together,

945
01:14:02,520 --> 01:14:06,359
for sleep under such conditions
merges into death.

946
01:14:08,720 --> 01:14:10,720
Shackleton would have stopped
in a shelter very much like this
one out of the wind,

947
01:14:10,760 --> 01:14:16,319
and knowing really that to stop
for more

948
01:14:16,359 --> 01:14:19,039
than a small amount of time
would have, would have spelt
certain death.

949
01:14:19,079 --> 01:14:22,800
You just cannot stop.
Movement generates heat and
heat is what you need obviously.

950
01:14:22,840 --> 01:14:27,000
And to stop for too long spells
disaster.

951
01:14:27,960 --> 01:14:31,359
After five minutes,
I shook them into consciousness
again,

952
01:14:31,760 --> 01:14:35,439
told them that they had slept
for half an hour,

953
01:14:35,479 --> 01:14:37,840
and gave the word for a fresh
start.

954
01:14:40,079 --> 01:14:42,399
Now, Shackleton was no
mountaineer but he

955
01:14:42,439 --> 01:14:47,319
had a lot of experience
of the cold in Antarctica and
he would

956
01:14:47,359 --> 01:14:51,159
have known full well what would
happen if he'd allowed the men
to sleep any longer.

957
01:15:01,880 --> 01:15:06,680
Around 20 hours into their
crossing, Shackleton decided to
head down towards

958
01:15:06,720 --> 01:15:10,840
what he thought would be
Stromness Bay, and the whaling
station.

959
01:15:17,720 --> 01:15:20,840
Our high hopes were soon
shattered.

960
01:15:20,880 --> 01:15:25,720
Crevasses warned us that we
were on another glacier and
soon we looked down

961
01:15:25,760 --> 01:15:29,119
almost to the seaward edge
of the great riven ice mass.

962
01:15:37,119 --> 01:15:40,359
I knew there was no glacier in
Stromness,

963
01:15:40,399 --> 01:15:44,119
and realized this must
be the Fortuna glacier.

964
01:15:45,319 --> 01:15:47,359
The disappointment was severe.

965
01:15:50,399 --> 01:15:52,720
The glacier Shackleton found
filled the valley

966
01:15:52,760 --> 01:15:55,199
and sheer ice
cliffs fell into the ocean.

967
01:15:56,600 --> 01:15:58,720
It was completely impassable

968
01:15:58,760 --> 01:16:01,279
and forced the men back up into
the mountains.

969
01:16:03,239 --> 01:16:05,880
It must have been a moment
that almost broke them.

970
01:16:11,319 --> 01:16:13,359
We've just completed a survey
of the same glacier,

971
01:16:13,399 --> 01:16:17,199
and it's clear that this
landscape has changed
dramatically.

972
01:16:20,439 --> 01:16:23,680
Here I am on the Turnback
Glacier that Sir Ernest
Shackleton and his

973
01:16:23,720 --> 01:16:28,079
colleagues Worsley and Crean,
famously tried to use to descend
to the valley

974
01:16:28,120 --> 01:16:32,079
beyond us, here to get
ultimately to Stromness whaling
station.

975
01:16:32,120 --> 01:16:34,360
And look at what a hundred years
of climate change have done.

976
01:16:34,399 --> 01:16:37,440
This vast open space we're
looking at here used to be
occupied by glacier.

977
01:16:39,639 --> 01:16:43,000
For them, the level would have
been above the level we can
currently see now

978
01:16:43,040 --> 01:16:44,799
and if they were here and the
ice were here,

979
01:16:44,840 --> 01:16:47,239
we would see them trudging
wearily across our eyeline,

980
01:16:47,280 --> 01:16:50,959
about midway across this valley
here,

981
01:16:51,000 --> 01:16:55,040
only to reach a precipitous ice
cliff that they couldn't
negotiate,

982
01:16:55,079 --> 01:16:58,319
causing them to have to go back
up the valley and round another
way.

983
01:16:58,360 --> 01:17:00,680
Hence the name Turnback Glacier.

984
01:17:01,280 --> 01:17:03,280
What a change there's been.

985
01:17:09,200 --> 01:17:14,840
Ironically, the Turnback
Glacier is no longer an
insurmountable barrier.

986
01:17:14,879 --> 01:17:19,360
And we can simply walk down the
melting glacial front to the
valley floor.

987
01:17:29,520 --> 01:17:31,639
After 26 hours of continuous
marching,

988
01:17:32,920 --> 01:17:35,680
there was one more major
obstacle in Shackleton's path...

989
01:17:36,840 --> 01:17:38,440
...the Konig Glacier,

990
01:17:39,079 --> 01:17:41,440
a feature that's virtually
unrecognizable today.

991
01:17:42,879 --> 01:17:45,479
♪

992
01:17:45,760 --> 01:17:47,600
Back in Shackleton's day,

993
01:17:47,639 --> 01:17:51,399
they saw the ice of the Konig
Glacier reaching almost to the
breaking waves.

994
01:17:53,319 --> 01:17:54,600
A hundred years later,

995
01:17:54,639 --> 01:17:58,799
we'll have to hike around 3
miles from the coast to the new
glacial front.

996
01:18:00,360 --> 01:18:02,520
♪

997
01:18:10,799 --> 01:18:13,520
I've always been on two
journeys really.

998
01:18:13,559 --> 01:18:16,760
One is the literal one, crossing
mountains, crossing
glaciers,

999
01:18:16,959 --> 01:18:19,600
and the other is more of a
metaphorical one.

1000
01:18:19,639 --> 01:18:24,959
In other words, you see those
big rivers of ice and how badly
they've been affected

1001
01:18:25,719 --> 01:18:29,200
by climate change and realise
they're a really good way of
showing the problem.

1002
01:18:29,239 --> 01:18:32,120
They're like the litmus paper
for what we're doing to the
planet.

1003
01:18:33,239 --> 01:18:34,920
♪

1004
01:18:41,680 --> 01:18:44,879
The environment I'm standing
on here looks like it's solid.

1005
01:18:44,920 --> 01:18:49,120
As you're stepping,
you're sinking down quite a
long way

1006
01:18:49,159 --> 01:18:51,639
and these big piles, rubble,
again, they look quite solid,

1007
01:18:51,760 --> 01:18:54,280
but beneath them is ice

1008
01:18:54,319 --> 01:18:56,319
and the water is just eating
into everything beneath.

1009
01:18:56,360 --> 01:19:00,719
As the ice melts, the water is
just eroding away the base of
all these piles.

1010
01:19:11,120 --> 01:19:13,360
It's quite a freaky
experience being here.

1011
01:19:13,959 --> 01:19:16,399
This whole landscape is
just dynamic and changing.

1012
01:19:16,440 --> 01:19:18,559
And what we're seeing today will
not look like this tomorrow.

1013
01:19:20,239 --> 01:19:22,639
Using a drone to capture a 360
degree image

1014
01:19:23,840 --> 01:19:27,799
of the Konig Valley and
the diary entries from
Shackleton's crossing,

1015
01:19:27,840 --> 01:19:31,120
we can recreate the world
those three men traversed.

1016
01:19:37,280 --> 01:19:39,799
What a difference 100 years can
make.

1017
01:19:53,159 --> 01:19:55,680
This is just indicative of the
way

1018
01:19:55,719 --> 01:19:59,239
that climate change has impacted
the glaciers of South Georgia,

1019
01:19:59,280 --> 01:20:03,840
where over 90% of the glaciers
here are suffering the same fate
all in wide scale retreat.

1020
01:20:08,040 --> 01:20:12,840
For Shackleton, South Georgia
was a very different world.

1021
01:20:14,079 --> 01:20:19,280
We were so stiff,
we marched with our knees bent.

1022
01:20:20,000 --> 01:20:22,600
A jagged line of peaks with a
gap like a broken tooth
confronted us,

1023
01:20:22,639 --> 01:20:27,959
and our course eastward to
Stromness lay across it.

1024
01:20:32,360 --> 01:20:34,719
A very steep slope led up
to the ridge

1025
01:20:35,399 --> 01:20:39,360
and an icy wind burst
through the gap.

1026
01:20:39,399 --> 01:20:42,639
But the worst was turning
to the best for us.

1027
01:20:44,799 --> 01:20:47,600
Twisted, wavelike rock
formations of Husvik Harbour,

1028
01:20:47,879 --> 01:20:51,360
appeared right ahead in the
opening of dawn.

1029
01:20:54,840 --> 01:20:55,959
In intense excitement,

1030
01:20:56,520 --> 01:21:00,920
we watched the chronometer for
07:00, when the whalers would
be summoned to work.

1031
01:21:06,280 --> 01:21:09,239
Right to the minute,
the steam whistle came to us,

1032
01:21:09,280 --> 01:21:14,680
borne clearly on the wind,
never had any one of us heard
sweeter music.

1033
01:21:16,159 --> 01:21:18,520
It was a moment hard to
describe.

1034
01:21:19,360 --> 01:21:21,239
Pain and ache.

1035
01:21:21,280 --> 01:21:23,479
Boat journeys, marches, hunger
and fatigue,

1036
01:21:23,719 --> 01:21:29,239
seemed to belong to the limbo
of forgotten things.

1037
01:21:31,799 --> 01:21:36,639
At 01:30 p. m.
we climbed around the final
ridge and saw a steamer.

1038
01:21:37,239 --> 01:21:40,879
Minute figures moving to and
fro about the boats caught our
gaze

1039
01:21:42,840 --> 01:21:47,879
and then we saw the sheds and
factory of Stromness whaling
station.

1040
01:21:51,120 --> 01:21:55,120
We had pierced the veneer
of outside things.

1041
01:21:55,440 --> 01:22:00,000
We had suffered, starved and
triumphed.

1042
01:22:00,760 --> 01:22:04,399
Grovelled down, yet grasped of
glory,

1043
01:22:04,959 --> 01:22:07,840
grown bigger in the
bigness of the whole.

1044
01:22:10,159 --> 01:22:13,520
We had seen God in his
splendours,

1045
01:22:13,559 --> 01:22:17,159
heard the text that
nature renders.

1046
01:22:24,520 --> 01:22:29,920
We had reached the naked soul
of men.

1047
01:22:36,959 --> 01:22:42,000
That afternoon, Shackleton,
Crean and Worsley walked
into Stromness whaling station.

1048
01:22:43,040 --> 01:22:47,159
The factory would have been busy
with teams of men processing
huge whale carcasses

1049
01:22:47,200 --> 01:22:50,120
and the stench would
have been thick in the air.

1050
01:22:52,120 --> 01:22:57,079
This was to be their first
encounter with the outside
world,

1051
01:22:57,120 --> 01:22:59,120
in 532 days.

1052
01:23:00,280 --> 01:23:02,639
We tried to straighten
ourselves up a bit

1053
01:23:02,680 --> 01:23:04,200
for the thought that there
might be women at the station,

1054
01:23:04,239 --> 01:23:10,760
made us painfully
conscious of our uncivilized
appearance.

1055
01:23:10,799 --> 01:23:14,159
Our beards were long
and our hair was matted.

1056
01:23:15,159 --> 01:23:19,399
Three more unpleasant looking
ruffians could hardly have
been imagined.

1057
01:23:29,879 --> 01:23:34,280
Well, Shackleton finally
arrives with Crean and
Worsley at the whaling station.

1058
01:23:34,319 --> 01:23:38,280
They celebrate momentarily,
but then Shackleton's focused
on picking up

1059
01:23:38,319 --> 01:23:40,280
all the people he's left
behind.

1060
01:23:40,319 --> 01:23:42,719
And this is just fraught
with problems.

1061
01:23:44,959 --> 01:23:47,159
After retrieving the men left
on the other side of the island

1062
01:23:47,360 --> 01:23:52,319
Shackleton sets off from South
Georgia in a whaling ship

1063
01:23:52,360 --> 01:23:57,360
with the intention of rescuing
the 22 men left behind on
Elephant Island.

1064
01:23:57,399 --> 01:24:00,559
And they get turned back by the
pack ice, which is just
impassable.

1065
01:24:01,760 --> 01:24:03,319
They attempt this a second time,

1066
01:24:03,360 --> 01:24:04,959
and the same thing happens
again.

1067
01:24:05,520 --> 01:24:10,079
Pack ice, too dense, driven
back, unable to get any further
south,

1068
01:24:10,920 --> 01:24:14,719
they resort to sailing to South
America, where Shackleton raises
the funds

1069
01:24:14,760 --> 01:24:16,520
for another ship to reach the
men.

1070
01:24:17,559 --> 01:24:19,559
And that catches fire.

1071
01:24:19,920 --> 01:24:22,879
Back to South America,
they go, tail between their
legs.

1072
01:24:24,040 --> 01:24:25,520
On their fourth attempt,

1073
01:24:25,559 --> 01:24:29,680
they go south in a vessel called
the Yelcho, a final rescue
effort funded

1074
01:24:29,719 --> 01:24:30,840
by the Chilean government,

1075
01:24:30,879 --> 01:24:34,040
in what is essentially a
tugboat.

1076
01:24:35,879 --> 01:24:40,239
This time, Providence favored
us.

1077
01:24:40,280 --> 01:24:44,079
The little steamer made a quick
rundown in comparatively fine
weather.

1078
01:24:45,399 --> 01:24:48,959
Worsley's keen eyes detected
the camp.

1079
01:24:49,000 --> 01:24:52,399
The men ashore saw us at the
same time

1080
01:24:52,719 --> 01:24:58,079
and we saw tiny black figures
hurry to the beach and wave
signals to us.

1081
01:24:59,520 --> 01:25:02,760
I saw a little figure on a surf
beaten rock

1082
01:25:02,799 --> 01:25:04,079
and recognized Wilde.

1083
01:25:04,559 --> 01:25:05,559
(Cheering)

1084
01:25:08,079 --> 01:25:11,559
I called out, 'are you all
well?.

1085
01:25:11,600 --> 01:25:15,559
And he answered, 'we are all
well, boss!'

1086
01:25:16,120 --> 01:25:19,200
Wilde had held the party
together,

1087
01:25:19,239 --> 01:25:23,120
and kept hope alive in their
hearts.

1088
01:25:25,639 --> 01:25:30,920
The men on Elephant Island had
waited four and a half months
for rescue

1089
01:25:31,079 --> 01:25:34,239
and were down to just
four days worth of rations.

1090
01:25:35,040 --> 01:25:37,639
The crew of Endurance were
finally about to return to
civilization

1091
01:25:37,680 --> 01:25:42,200
for the first time in over two
years.

1092
01:25:46,440 --> 01:25:50,559
Against all odds, Shackleton had
managed to achieve the
impossible.

1093
01:25:55,559 --> 01:25:57,600
All hands were rescued.

1094
01:25:57,639 --> 01:25:59,680
Not a single man perished.

1095
01:26:09,719 --> 01:26:14,639
Shackleton's story inspires me,
especially when I'm in these
remote

1096
01:26:14,680 --> 01:26:17,760
locations and faced with the
reality of the situation.

1097
01:26:19,079 --> 01:26:22,799
I believe Shackleton's
leadership can be applied to
almost any mission,

1098
01:26:23,120 --> 01:26:25,280
any goal.

1099
01:26:25,319 --> 01:26:28,559
For me, that is correcting our
climate trajectory.

1100
01:26:29,479 --> 01:26:32,479
The changes we've witnessed
here in South Georgia are
sobering

1101
01:26:32,559 --> 01:26:37,040
and I am compelled to use what
I've learned from Shackleton, to
make a difference.

1102
01:26:38,280 --> 01:26:40,559
I think the thing about glaciers
is that they are tangible.

1103
01:26:40,600 --> 01:26:42,120
They're a physical thing.

1104
01:26:42,239 --> 01:26:45,719
You can't see 415 parts per
million of CO2 in the
atmosphere,

1105
01:26:45,760 --> 01:26:48,159
but you can see a melting
glacier.

1106
01:26:48,520 --> 01:26:51,879
South Georgia is such a remote
place and of course, Antarctica
remoter still,

1107
01:26:51,920 --> 01:26:53,600
so not many people get to come
here.

1108
01:26:53,680 --> 01:26:57,440
I think the work we're doing
bringing these images back to
people

1109
01:26:58,079 --> 01:27:01,760
is just crucial in communicating
both the beauty of these places
but the fragility of them

1110
01:27:01,959 --> 01:27:04,040
and the importance of doing
something about climate change.

1111
01:27:05,600 --> 01:27:07,799
If Shackleton's leadership has
taught us anything,

1112
01:27:07,840 --> 01:27:10,559
it's how to achieve the
impossible.

1113
01:27:11,520 --> 01:27:16,000
And these are skills we can
apply to mammoth tasks like
solving climate change.

1114
01:27:16,639 --> 01:27:18,760
We need to reframe the mission.

1115
01:27:18,959 --> 01:27:20,920
We need to set milestones.

1116
01:27:21,120 --> 01:27:24,719
We need to break down the big
picture into smaller, bite sized
challenges.

1117
01:27:25,399 --> 01:27:29,879
We need to use emotional
intelligence to convince
everybody to pull together.

1118
01:27:30,600 --> 01:27:32,159
These are the skills that
allowed

1119
01:27:32,200 --> 01:27:34,760
Shackleton to save all
of his men from Antarctica.

1120
01:27:36,200 --> 01:27:41,760
Those same skills must now help
us save Antarctica from man.

1121
01:27:47,239 --> 01:27:50,760
Our journey ends here at
Grytviken whaling station,

1122
01:27:51,120 --> 01:27:56,680
where Endurance and her
crew of 28 first set off to
conquer the ice.

1123
01:27:58,159 --> 01:28:02,879
Grytviken and where we are would
have been a harsh, harsh place
hundred years ago.

1124
01:28:03,239 --> 01:28:07,360
Many whales hunted here
subsequently ended up on the
brink of extinction.

1125
01:28:07,399 --> 01:28:10,680
Humpback whales, blue whales.

1126
01:28:11,200 --> 01:28:14,959
And thankfully, we realized the
error of our ways before it was
too late

1127
01:28:15,000 --> 01:28:18,399
and managed to stop the whaling
before we hunted them to
extinction.

1128
01:28:18,959 --> 01:28:23,040
Fur seals are back at the
numbers they were before we ever
started hunting them.

1129
01:28:23,079 --> 01:28:28,120
Which tells us that if we take
our foot off the throat of
nature, she can recover.

1130
01:28:39,000 --> 01:28:41,200
Six years after their daring
escape from the ice,

1131
01:28:41,239 --> 01:28:43,920
Shackleton, Wilde,
Worsley,

1132
01:28:43,959 --> 01:28:46,680
and several other crew of
Endurance,

1133
01:28:46,719 --> 01:28:51,120
returned to South Georgia, on
another expedition to the south.

1134
01:28:56,159 --> 01:28:58,479
Before they could set off
Shackleton

1135
01:28:58,520 --> 01:29:02,280
suffered a fatal heart attack
and was laid to rest here on
the island.

1136
01:29:07,319 --> 01:29:11,040
He just aspired to achieve
something that was bigger than
him.

1137
01:29:11,079 --> 01:29:13,520
He loved the whole romance and
mystery

1138
01:29:13,559 --> 01:29:17,319
of attaining things on the
largest of levels and the
biggest of stages.

1139
01:29:17,639 --> 01:29:21,799
And he wanted to find out what
he was capable of doing and what
was out there.

1140
01:29:21,840 --> 01:29:23,079
And it was this kind of
wonderful combination,

1141
01:29:24,479 --> 01:29:27,840
of geographical discovery,
and finding out what lies
within yourself

1142
01:29:27,879 --> 01:29:30,959
to enable you to do these things
that really spurred him on.

1143
01:29:33,399 --> 01:29:35,600
I think we can all find
leadership within ourself, you
know?

1144
01:29:35,639 --> 01:29:37,280
It's not a case of being born
with it.

1145
01:29:37,319 --> 01:29:39,239
It's a case of finding
it within ourselves.

1146
01:29:39,280 --> 01:29:41,479
And I think Shackleton found it
within himself

1147
01:29:41,959 --> 01:29:44,440
to save all his men from
certain death,

1148
01:29:44,479 --> 01:29:45,879
and we can find it within
ourselves.

1149
01:29:46,040 --> 01:29:48,120
It's just the issue is
different. But we must.

1150
01:29:48,200 --> 01:29:50,079
We must find it within
ourselves.

1151
01:29:50,799 --> 01:29:54,719
The key to our future, might lie
100 years in our past.

1152
01:29:58,040 --> 01:30:02,559
Truly making this
the greatest story of survival.