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[MALE NARRATOR] It's hard to know
what's going on inside the mind of a cat.
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- [WOMAN] Dasha, come here. Come here.
- [MEOWS]
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[UPBEAT ROCK MUSIC PLAYS]
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[NARRATOR] But new discoveries
may finally open the door
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to our most puzzling companions.
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- [TENSE MUSIC PLAYS]
- [AUDIENCE APPLAUDING, CHEERING]
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[WOMAN] Aw.
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[MEOWS]
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[NARRATOR] Some people don't think
cats have much to offer.
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We're here to prove them wrong.
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[AUDIENCE GASPS]
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[AUDIENCE APPLAUDING]
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Forget everything you think
you know about cats.
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Cat research is definitely lagging
behind the dog,
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but now we're seeing
an explosion of cat science.
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[CAT PURRS, MEOWS]
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[NARRATOR] A new generation of scientists
is challenging preconceptions.
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We're uncovering different aspects
of their behavior,
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personality, physiology,
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- all those things that make a cat unique.
- [MEOWS]
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[MAN] They're intelligent,
they're curious,
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and they interact socially
quite well with people.
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And there is evidence to suggest
that they've evolved to do that.
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[CAT MEOWS]
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[NARRATOR] Join us
as we solve the mysteries of the cat...
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[CAT SHRIEKS]
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...decode their crazy antics,
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and decipher their hidden language.
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[MEOWS LOUDLY]
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It's not gonna be easy.
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Cats are complicated.
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- [WOMAN] Dasha, come here.
- [MEOWS]
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Yes, they have their attitude.
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But if you want,
you can teach a cat to do anything.
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[AUDIENCE GASPS]
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[AUDIENCE APPLAUDING, CHEERING]
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[NARRATOR] Anyone can unlock
a cat's true potential
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if you learn their secrets.
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[CAT PURRS]
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[MEOWS]
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[MEOWS]
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Cats are everywhere.
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And yet, we know so little about them.
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To understand what makes a cat a cat
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and how they've learned to live
with humans...
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- [PURRS]
- ...we turn to the experts.
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[DR. KORNRIECH]
I think people underestimate
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how social cats are.
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Let's face it. They're just entertaining
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and sometimes just very funny.
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[NARRATOR] Oddly, some of the traits
that make them so charming
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evolved from their killer ancestors.
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[DR. KORNRIECH] If one were asked
to engineer the perfect land predator
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in terms of physical traits,
in terms of behavior, perception,
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it's hard to imagine
a better one than the cat.
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[MEOWS]
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The scientific name
of the domestic cat is Felis catus.
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Felis catus is
a unique domesticated species
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that was derived from the African wildcat.
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[NARRATOR] All cats, big and small,
belong to the Felidae family.
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[TENSE MUSIC PLAYS]
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Around three and a half million years ago,
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the genus Felis, made up of smaller cats,
split from Panthera,
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{\an8}big cats like lions and tigers.
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Today, there are
400 million Felis catus worldwide,
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numbers that make them
one of the ten most successful mammals
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to ever walk the earth.
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[DR. KORNRIECH] In ten thousand years,
their DNA has changed relatively little.
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Genetics-wise, you basically have
a wild animal living in your house.
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- [BELL RINGING]
- [CAT PURRS]
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[NARRATOR] A wild animal
with some amazing physical hardware.
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And at the center of it all,
the cat's remarkable spine.
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[DR. KORNRIECH] They actually have
more vertebrae in them than most mammals.
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Their vertebrae also have
especially elastic cushioning discs
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between them, so their spines
are incredibly flexible.
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[NARRATOR] This flexible design
helps make the cat
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the fastest animal on land.
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[DR. KORNRIECH]
If you look at a cheetah running,
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the flexing and contracting
of that spine stores potential energy
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and releases it as kinetic energy
as the cat is bounding forward.
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[UP-TEMPO ROCK MUSIC PLAYS]
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[NARRATOR] Your cat is basically
a tiny, flexible cheetah
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with the potential to run
over 30 miles per hour...
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and twist into
some pretty crazy yoga poses.
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[PURRS]
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Cats also have
an efficient muscular system.
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They're one of the few mammals
that can activate 100%
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of their muscles when they jump.
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[MAN] Ignition sequence start.
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Three, two, one, liftoff.
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We have a liftoff.
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[DR. KORNRIECH] They can jump between five
and six times their length in height.
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[NARRATOR] That's like a human
jumping over a giraffe.
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[TRIUMPHANT MUSIC PLAYS]
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[DR. KORNRIECH] And they use their tails
to counterbalance themselves
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during quick changes in direction.
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[NARRATOR] As any gymnast will tell you,
what goes up must come down,
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which brings up an age-old question.
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The saying is
that cats always land on their feet.
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They do have an amazing ability
to orient themselves quickly.
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In order to do this,
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they first have to recognize
where their body is in space,
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using a phenomenon known
as the righting reflex.
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[CAT MEOWS]
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[NARRATOR] This reflex is
a function of the vestibular system.
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Hypersensitive hair cells
in the inner ears
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sense body position,
movement, and acceleration in space
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and transmit this information
straight into the brain.
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[DR. KORNRIECH]
So a cat always knows which way is up.
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[GENTLE MUSIC PLAYS]
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[NARRATOR] All mammals have
this righting reflex, including humans.
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But sometimes, we get disoriented.
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And we call that the twisties.
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- [CAT MEOWS]
- You heard this thing about Simone Biles.
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She felt like she had lost the ability
to sense where her body was in space.
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And she felt that to continue
would've been dangerous,
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which makes sense.
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But, uh, you know,
it's a difficult thing to control.
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[NARRATOR] A cat's reflexes are
more than twice as fast as ours...
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and faster than any other pet's.
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You know, if you drop a dog
from the same position, and many times,
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they won't land on their feet. [LAUGHS]
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[COMMENTATOR SHOUTS INDISTINCTLY]
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[LAUGHS]
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[NARRATOR] Pound for pound,
felines could be the fastest,
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strongest, and most flexible mammal
on the planet.
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But those wild talents
can also make them mysterious.
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- [MEOWS, PURRS]
- [WOMAN LAUGHS]
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- To find out why they do what they do...
- [CAT MEOWS]
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...perhaps a cat psychologist can help.
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Sit back. There you go, sweetie.
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Over evolution,
cats have not changed all that much.
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And now they're kind of this mix
between, you know, being those wild cats
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but also being the house cats
that we want them to be.
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[NARRATOR] Kristyn studies the mysteries
of the feline mind.
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She's trying to decode
what cats are thinking.
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I think that the social capacity of cats
has really been underestimated.
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Um, especially, you know, a lot of time,
cats are being compared to dogs.
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[DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYS]
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People say dogs are superior
on a lot of these socio-cognitive traits.
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[NARRATOR] Canines are often thought of
as the more intuitive pet.
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[DOG BARKS]
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They know their name
and as many as 160 or so words.
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They can understand
human facial expressions
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and maybe even problem-solve.
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[DOG GROWLS]
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But Kristyn believes cats just haven't had
the chance to prove themselves.
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[WOMAN] Be nice.
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What we're seeing more and more
is the research hadn't been done in cats.
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[NARRATOR] So she set out to determine
once and for all
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just how cats stack up
against their canine rivals.
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[DOG YELPS]
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So we're just gonna place him up here.
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[NARRATOR] First things first,
do cats know their own name?
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For this test, we're trying to figure out
if Carl recognizes his name.
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So we've got this Bluetooth speaker,
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and we're going to play
my voice through it.
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[TENSE MUSIC PLAYS]
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[NARRATOR] Kristyn starts
with four one-syllable words.
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[DR. VITALE] Boot!
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[NARRATOR] Carl reacts to the first word,
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a new sound in his environment.
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[DR. VITALE] Sock!
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[NARRATOR]
But he soon loses interest in the audio.
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[DR. VITALE] Day!
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[NARRATOR] Kristyn then adds a word
very close to his name.
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[DR. VITALE] Girl!
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[NARRATOR] Still nothing.
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But then, the moment of truth.
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[DR. VITALE] Carl!
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[MEOWS]
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Good!
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[NARRATOR] This test has been run
hundreds of times
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with many different cats.
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And it's clear
most cats do know their own name.
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- [BELL CHIMES]
- [LAUGHS]
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Whether they choose to respond
is a different story.
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Go ahead.
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[NARRATOR]
But we'll talk about that later.
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Kristyn's research
led her to the epicenter
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of a modern-day cat revolution.
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["KEEP MOVIN' ON" BY MYLK PLAYS]
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[NARRATOR] In 2017, cats overtook canines
as the most popular pet in Japan.
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Today it's home to nine million pet cats
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and one of the world's top cat scientists.
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[IN JAPANESE]
Compared with the research on dogs,
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the research on cats
is approximately 15 years behind.
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[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] Kristyn and Saho
have published 37 studies combined.
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They've helped prove that cats recognize
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both the face
and the voice of their people,
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not to mention other cats.
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They proved that cats
do know what a point means.
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They understand object permanence.
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They are able to understand
that when an object disappears from sight,
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it doesn't mean it's gone from existence.
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[NARRATOR] Bottom line,
they understand way more
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than we thought they did.
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Now that the research is being conducted,
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we're seeing cats are behaving
and performing roughly the same as dogs.
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[NARRATOR] The trick is knowing
how to tap into that potential.
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[CATS MEOW]
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[MAN] Maryna and Svitlana interview,
ABC mark.
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[WOMAN WHISPERS INDISTINCTLY]
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[WOMAN KEEPS WHISPERING INDISTINCTLY]
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- My name is Maryna.
- And my name is Svitlana.
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And we're the Savitsky Cats.
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We are family
of super-trained cats and humans.
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Come here.
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[MARYNA] Training the cats,
it's kind of a magic of some sort.
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And it's not an easy one. [EXHALES]
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[NARRATOR] The amazing Savitsky Cats
are Ukrainian celebrities.
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They tour the world,
entertaining millions.
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- [MARYNA WHISPERS]
- [MEOWS]
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They made it to the quarterfinals
of America's Got Talent, by the way.
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Not bad for an animal
often considered untrainable.
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The difference between training a cat
and training a dog is
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the dogs want to please you.
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[PANTS]
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"I will do anything for you!
I will do... just... just say me."
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And the cats just kind of,
"Make me." [CHUCKLES]
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[NARRATOR] The Savitskys know the key
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to getting the most
out of their performers.
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[IN RUSSIAN] First of all,
you need to become friends with the kitty.
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It's important that the cat
trusts you completely.
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The cat shouldn't expect
any surprises from you.
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[UP-TEMPO ELECTRONIC MUSIC PLAYS]
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[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH]
For the past four years,
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Dasha has been their breakout star.
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Oh, Dasha.
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[BOTH GIGGLE]
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Dasha is an actress.
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[CROWD CHEERING, APPLAUDING]
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Whenever she sees a camera,
it's kind of like the whole world stops,
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and like,
"The camera is the only thing I need."
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- [CAMERA CLICKS]
- [CROWD CHEERS]
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[NARRATOR] Dasha performs many
of the team's hardest tricks...
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00:14:37,626 --> 00:14:39,670
including the Mission Impossible...
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00:14:43,549 --> 00:14:45,217
and the high jump.
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00:14:54,018 --> 00:14:56,061
[UP-TEMPO ELECTRONIC MUSIC ENDS]
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00:14:56,145 --> 00:14:57,938
[DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYS]
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00:14:58,564 --> 00:15:02,693
Dasha is the undisputed captain
of the Savitsky Cats.
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00:15:03,986 --> 00:15:07,489
But there are three other candidates
vying to take her spot.
243
00:15:08,991 --> 00:15:12,244
And any one of them
could be the next big star.
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00:15:12,328 --> 00:15:14,163
[CATS PURR]
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00:15:14,246 --> 00:15:17,166
Each cat is kind of our own child,
246
00:15:17,249 --> 00:15:20,085
and we cannot imagine our life without it.
247
00:15:21,629 --> 00:15:24,465
[NARRATOR] The only way to bring out
the best in a feline
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00:15:24,548 --> 00:15:26,342
is to establish a bond.
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00:15:27,927 --> 00:15:31,805
Some doctors dedicate
their lives to this art form.
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00:15:32,306 --> 00:15:34,308
[GENTLE MUSIC PLAYS]
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00:15:37,811 --> 00:15:40,439
Before a person adopts a cat
or purchases a cat,
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00:15:40,522 --> 00:15:42,399
you want them to do some homework, right?
253
00:15:42,483 --> 00:15:45,611
You want them
to kind of look at what to expect
254
00:15:45,694 --> 00:15:47,446
when you bring home a cat.
255
00:15:47,529 --> 00:15:51,116
It's a big decision 'cause you're adding
a valuable family member.
256
00:15:52,034 --> 00:15:53,786
Adding a cat is a huge deal.
257
00:15:55,079 --> 00:15:57,915
[NARRATOR] The learning curve
can be steep for beginners.
258
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:01,418
If you want your cat to like you,
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00:16:01,502 --> 00:16:05,214
one of the very first things you can do
is a slow blink.
260
00:16:07,299 --> 00:16:10,761
Eye contact in the animal world
is very important.
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00:16:10,844 --> 00:16:15,015
Direct eye contact,
a hard stare, non-blinking, is scary.
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00:16:16,392 --> 00:16:18,644
- If you want to interact with a cat...
- [CAT MEOWS]
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00:16:18,727 --> 00:16:22,523
...make yourself look small,
kind of move sideways, stand sideways.
264
00:16:22,606 --> 00:16:25,818
And, you know,
you can look over and do a blink.
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00:16:27,111 --> 00:16:29,321
[NARRATOR] To cats, this is like smiling,
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00:16:29,947 --> 00:16:32,366
spreading happy, positive emotions.
267
00:16:32,992 --> 00:16:34,410
And they will often respond.
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00:16:35,953 --> 00:16:40,499
So they do the... slow blink
to tell you, "Hey, it's okay."
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00:16:40,582 --> 00:16:43,085
"I'm friendly. You know, I like you."
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00:16:43,168 --> 00:16:45,254
"I'm not... I'm not being threatening."
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00:16:45,963 --> 00:16:48,882
And when cats do that,
like, I think of it as a compliment.
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00:16:48,966 --> 00:16:51,176
"Oh, that cat likes me. Yeah."
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00:16:51,260 --> 00:16:54,888
[NARRATOR] If the slow blink works,
you can try to get a little closer.
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00:16:55,973 --> 00:16:58,475
[DR. SUNG] Cats,
when they greet each other,
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cats that are friendly to each other,
will do nose touches.
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00:17:01,812 --> 00:17:04,398
They will literally come up
and touch noses.
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00:17:04,982 --> 00:17:08,569
If you wanna get to know your cat,
you can offer your finger to them
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00:17:08,652 --> 00:17:10,654
and let them kind of do like a nose boop.
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00:17:12,906 --> 00:17:16,452
They're sniffing your finger,
getting your scent, getting to know you.
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00:17:16,535 --> 00:17:19,997
And that's kind of like,
for me, like a handshake.
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00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:22,666
But if they like you,
what frequently happens
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00:17:22,750 --> 00:17:24,668
is they'll rub along your finger.
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00:17:25,377 --> 00:17:27,755
[NARRATOR]
Just don't come in hot from above.
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00:17:28,255 --> 00:17:33,427
Going back to, you know,
their wild ancestors, they are part prey.
285
00:17:33,510 --> 00:17:37,723
So what attacks them from above?
Things that come out with claws.
286
00:17:38,724 --> 00:17:42,478
You know, large raptors, owls,
eagles, things like that.
287
00:17:42,561 --> 00:17:44,897
So when you come over
with your hand like this,
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00:17:44,980 --> 00:17:47,149
it's kind of scary, very intimidating.
289
00:17:48,067 --> 00:17:50,235
[NARRATOR] Low and slow is the way to go.
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00:17:51,737 --> 00:17:54,198
[DR. SUNG] I usually put the finger out
and let them sniff.
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00:17:54,281 --> 00:17:56,742
And if they start rubbing,
then I go and pet
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00:17:56,825 --> 00:17:58,535
along the side of their face,
293
00:17:58,619 --> 00:18:01,997
underneath the chin,
neutral territory, right?
294
00:18:02,081 --> 00:18:04,500
And if they like chin rubs
or neck rubs, right,
295
00:18:04,583 --> 00:18:08,170
then you got the cat
eating out of the palm of your hand.
296
00:18:09,254 --> 00:18:13,175
[NARRATOR] Some cats, wary of contact,
need a little extra convincing.
297
00:18:14,259 --> 00:18:16,345
[DR. SUNG] A lot of cats are very fearful,
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00:18:16,428 --> 00:18:21,016
so what we do is we have, uh...
we have a pom-pom.
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00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:25,062
It's a little ball of yarn
stuck to a long dowel.
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00:18:25,145 --> 00:18:29,483
We use that to initiate interactions
with the cat
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00:18:29,566 --> 00:18:34,029
and let them interact with that first
to see how the cat feels.
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00:18:34,113 --> 00:18:37,032
[NARRATOR] When a cat is comfortable,
they let you know.
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00:18:37,699 --> 00:18:41,036
[DR. VITALE] Allorubbing is an important
bond-building social behavior.
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00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:43,247
- [PURRS]
- We saw that 83% of cats
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00:18:43,330 --> 00:18:45,582
rubbed on their owner
when they returned to the room.
306
00:18:45,666 --> 00:18:47,918
We are seeing
that allorubbing seems to serve
307
00:18:48,001 --> 00:18:50,879
an important stress-relieving purpose
for cats as well.
308
00:18:51,547 --> 00:18:55,175
[NARRATOR] This friendly gesture
might just mean you've been accepted.
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00:18:55,259 --> 00:18:56,468
[PURRS]
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00:18:56,552 --> 00:18:58,637
But do cats like all humans?
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00:18:59,596 --> 00:19:02,182
Or do they play favorites?
312
00:19:02,975 --> 00:19:07,020
This test is called paired attachment,
and in it, what we do is look at
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00:19:07,104 --> 00:19:11,400
how much time the cat spends
with their owner and a stranger.
314
00:19:11,483 --> 00:19:12,860
[TENSE MUSIC PLAYS]
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00:19:16,155 --> 00:19:18,448
[NARRATOR]
If Carl chooses Kristyn, his owner,
316
00:19:18,532 --> 00:19:21,243
over the stranger more than half the time,
317
00:19:21,326 --> 00:19:23,537
it'll show there's a preference.
318
00:19:24,037 --> 00:19:26,039
[TENSE MUSIC CONTINUES]
319
00:19:38,260 --> 00:19:40,554
Carl basically chose me every time.
320
00:19:40,637 --> 00:19:44,308
And so he seems to have
a preference for me, his owner,
321
00:19:44,391 --> 00:19:45,726
over a stranger.
322
00:19:47,603 --> 00:19:51,982
[NARRATOR] They've run this experiment
and others like it thousands of times.
323
00:19:52,691 --> 00:19:54,109
And there's no doubt
324
00:19:54,193 --> 00:19:57,446
cats form strong attachment bonds
to their owners.
325
00:19:59,156 --> 00:20:02,534
[DR. VITALE] The human-cat attachment bond
may be an extension
326
00:20:02,618 --> 00:20:05,829
of that attachment bond
they have with their mother as kittens.
327
00:20:06,455 --> 00:20:09,791
[NARRATOR] Yes, we have a connection,
and we certainly love them.
328
00:20:10,417 --> 00:20:12,711
But do cats actually love us?
329
00:20:14,546 --> 00:20:16,215
We'll explore that more in a bit.
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00:20:18,759 --> 00:20:21,678
First, another key
to unlocking the feline mind
331
00:20:21,762 --> 00:20:23,639
is to make them feel at home.
332
00:20:25,891 --> 00:20:29,269
And just like their ancestors,
cats like to get high.
333
00:20:30,562 --> 00:20:33,941
Cats like high places
because they want to know what's going on.
334
00:20:34,524 --> 00:20:39,029
And if they're uncomfortable,
they can go to high places to hide out.
335
00:20:39,112 --> 00:20:40,614
- [MEOWS]
- [UPBEAT MUSIC PLAYS]
336
00:20:41,657 --> 00:20:44,618
It's definitely a leftover trait
from when they were wild cats, right?
337
00:20:44,701 --> 00:20:48,830
This is... Those are instinctive behavior.
You don't need to teach a cat to climb.
338
00:20:48,914 --> 00:20:52,125
He's gonna tell you, "I'm gonna climb,"
and if you don't provide him
339
00:20:52,209 --> 00:20:55,170
with cat furniture
that's appropriate for him to use,
340
00:20:55,254 --> 00:20:57,798
he's gonna make his own little perch.
341
00:20:57,881 --> 00:21:01,343
[MAN] No, you haven't. You haven't!
342
00:21:01,843 --> 00:21:04,263
[NARRATOR] Cats also like tight spaces,
343
00:21:05,222 --> 00:21:08,016
which helps explain
their obsession with boxes.
344
00:21:09,559 --> 00:21:12,813
[DR. SUNG] Those enclosed sides
makes us feel safe.
345
00:21:12,896 --> 00:21:15,857
I think that's why cats
really like boxes, and it's kind of cool
346
00:21:15,941 --> 00:21:18,777
to hide and jump out
and attack your owners.
347
00:21:19,945 --> 00:21:21,947
[UP-TEMPO ROCK MUSIC PLAYS]
348
00:21:24,283 --> 00:21:25,867
[DR. VITALE] Cats are ambush predators,
349
00:21:25,951 --> 00:21:29,329
which means that they typically hide
in order to get their prey.
350
00:21:30,038 --> 00:21:34,418
So having a box is something
that's going to kind of help the cat
351
00:21:34,501 --> 00:21:36,503
complete their predatory motor pattern.
352
00:21:38,422 --> 00:21:42,884
Cardboard boxes actually have
a stress-relieving effect for them.
353
00:21:45,595 --> 00:21:48,223
Cats occupy kind of an interesting niche
354
00:21:48,307 --> 00:21:54,146
in ecology because when they're hunting,
they may be going into holes in trees.
355
00:21:54,229 --> 00:21:56,565
- [MEOWS]
- They're navigating obstacles.
356
00:21:58,525 --> 00:22:01,820
A predator
that is able to navigate obstacles
357
00:22:01,903 --> 00:22:03,739
is probably gonna do better.
358
00:22:04,281 --> 00:22:06,950
Clearly,
that's gonna be a survival benefit.
359
00:22:08,243 --> 00:22:09,995
[NARRATOR] Cats have specialized assets
360
00:22:10,078 --> 00:22:12,956
that help them squeeze
where few animals can.
361
00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:15,334
[UP-TEMPO ROCK MUSIC ENDS]
362
00:22:15,417 --> 00:22:19,880
[DR. KORNRIECH] One way we can demonstrate
this ability is to see
363
00:22:20,464 --> 00:22:23,091
how small a hole a cat can get through.
364
00:22:23,175 --> 00:22:25,260
And we can entice them to go through holes
365
00:22:25,344 --> 00:22:28,388
with things like food
and toys and treats like that.
366
00:22:28,472 --> 00:22:30,474
[SLOW JAZZ MUSIC PLAYS]
367
00:22:34,019 --> 00:22:36,021
[UP-TEMPO INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC PLAYS]
368
00:22:43,487 --> 00:22:45,405
[NARRATOR] Large holes are no problem.
369
00:22:47,991 --> 00:22:50,494
But as Bruce shrinks the size of the hole,
370
00:22:50,577 --> 00:22:53,830
they begin to show
their true mastery of their environment.
371
00:22:56,958 --> 00:22:59,294
And it all starts with the whiskers.
372
00:23:01,004 --> 00:23:04,132
Now, whiskers are
a very interesting adaptation of cats.
373
00:23:04,216 --> 00:23:06,551
As most people know them,
they look like hairs.
374
00:23:06,635 --> 00:23:08,428
They're long, hairlike structures,
375
00:23:08,512 --> 00:23:12,474
each of which is connected
to a bundle of nerves
376
00:23:12,557 --> 00:23:16,770
that then sends information regarding
what that whisker touches to the brain.
377
00:23:17,270 --> 00:23:19,773
Most people are aware
of whiskers on the chin,
378
00:23:19,856 --> 00:23:22,192
but there are also whiskers
on the eyebrows,
379
00:23:22,275 --> 00:23:24,611
and people aren't aware
that there are whiskers
380
00:23:24,694 --> 00:23:27,531
behind, uh, the backs of the front paws.
381
00:23:27,614 --> 00:23:31,368
So these have evolved to provide
tactile or touching information
382
00:23:31,451 --> 00:23:32,786
regarding the environment.
383
00:23:33,286 --> 00:23:34,704
[UPBEAT MUSIC PLAYS]
384
00:23:34,788 --> 00:23:36,415
[NARRATOR] One benefit of whiskers?
385
00:23:36,498 --> 00:23:39,751
They tell a cat
how small a hole she can fit through.
386
00:23:44,464 --> 00:23:46,508
Their flexible skeleton does the rest.
387
00:23:48,844 --> 00:23:49,719
Their clavicles,
388
00:23:49,803 --> 00:23:53,265
or their collarbones, are not anchored
in bone. They're in muscles.
389
00:23:54,015 --> 00:23:56,643
[NARRATOR]
It's like being double-jointed everywhere.
390
00:23:58,687 --> 00:24:00,814
[DR. KORNRIECH] As you can see
in this experiment,
391
00:24:00,897 --> 00:24:04,860
as we gradually make the hole
smaller and smaller,
392
00:24:04,943 --> 00:24:09,656
it's really pretty surprising
that these cats, which are pretty large,
393
00:24:09,739 --> 00:24:11,116
can make it through.
394
00:24:14,870 --> 00:24:18,874
[NARRATOR] But whiskers don't grow
if a cat puts on a few extra pounds.
395
00:24:20,208 --> 00:24:24,963
The whiskers have evolved to be
about the width of a cat
396
00:24:25,046 --> 00:24:27,674
that is a normal, healthy body condition.
397
00:24:28,425 --> 00:24:33,138
And this gets to another issue
of being overweight and obesity in cats,
398
00:24:33,221 --> 00:24:36,349
and many cats are obese, uh,
and it's a big problem.
399
00:24:37,267 --> 00:24:39,478
The whiskers will not grow
400
00:24:39,561 --> 00:24:43,190
to accommodate the increased girth
of a cat that is overweight.
401
00:24:45,317 --> 00:24:48,612
[NARRATOR] Fifty-nine percent of cats
in the US are overweight.
402
00:24:49,362 --> 00:24:51,907
So finding the right diet is crucial.
403
00:24:52,532 --> 00:24:55,368
[TENSE MUSIC PLAYS]
404
00:24:55,452 --> 00:24:57,204
Our cats' wild relatives
405
00:24:57,287 --> 00:24:59,122
have to work for their food.
406
00:24:59,873 --> 00:25:01,875
They have no trouble staying slim.
407
00:25:03,043 --> 00:25:05,545
Our cats, not so much.
408
00:25:06,338 --> 00:25:08,590
[WOMAN] Do you wanna set him on the scale?
409
00:25:09,925 --> 00:25:11,218
No cheating.
410
00:25:11,968 --> 00:25:14,429
[DR. SUNG]
If you're eating and eating and eating,
411
00:25:14,513 --> 00:25:15,764
and you eat quickly, you know,
412
00:25:15,847 --> 00:25:18,975
you can get a lot of food down your throat
413
00:25:19,059 --> 00:25:21,895
before your stomach goes,
"Oh, wait, too much." Right?
414
00:25:21,978 --> 00:25:25,273
So we wanna do the same for cats.
We wanna give them something to do.
415
00:25:25,357 --> 00:25:27,817
So, either a cat toy, uh,
416
00:25:27,901 --> 00:25:31,321
feeding... interactive feeder,
but something they can work on
417
00:25:31,404 --> 00:25:33,073
so they know there's food in there.
418
00:25:33,698 --> 00:25:35,408
Dude, you got to work for it.
419
00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:39,496
[NARRATOR]
Also, regardless of what their owners eat,
420
00:25:39,579 --> 00:25:41,414
cats need to eat meat.
421
00:25:43,083 --> 00:25:45,001
[DR. KORNRIECH]
Cats are obligate carnivores.
422
00:25:45,085 --> 00:25:48,838
They... they must eat meat
because they are unable to synthesize
423
00:25:48,922 --> 00:25:51,299
certain amino acids
that are found only in meat.
424
00:25:52,092 --> 00:25:55,387
So please, make sure that you feed
your cat a meat-based diet.
425
00:25:55,470 --> 00:25:58,223
It has to be
nutritionally complete and balanced,
426
00:25:58,306 --> 00:26:00,141
but please don't make it vegetarian.
427
00:26:02,227 --> 00:26:03,603
[SWALLOWS]
428
00:26:03,687 --> 00:26:05,939
[NARRATOR]
Keeping your cat healthy and happy
429
00:26:06,022 --> 00:26:08,024
can quickly become a way of life.
430
00:26:14,656 --> 00:26:18,410
One doctor in Japan
spends so much time around felines
431
00:26:19,411 --> 00:26:21,955
they call him the Cat Guru.
432
00:26:22,038 --> 00:26:24,040
[UPBEAT MUSIC PLAYS]
433
00:26:29,629 --> 00:26:33,883
[IN JAPANESE] Cats are sensitive animals.
434
00:26:33,967 --> 00:26:36,469
People who do not like cats often say
435
00:26:36,553 --> 00:26:41,391
that they don't understand
what cats are thinking.
436
00:26:43,226 --> 00:26:48,106
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] Dr. Yuki has spent
tens of thousands of hours studying cats.
437
00:26:49,524 --> 00:26:53,695
He's working to decode
the subtle nuance of their language.
438
00:26:54,696 --> 00:26:57,866
[DR. YUKI IN JAPANESE] If you look at
a cat, at their eyes, their ears,
439
00:26:57,949 --> 00:27:01,494
the way they are wagging their tails,
if you observe them,
440
00:27:01,578 --> 00:27:03,580
you can start understanding
how a cat feels.
441
00:27:06,374 --> 00:27:09,377
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] When a cat's eyes
are open, and their ears are up,
442
00:27:09,461 --> 00:27:10,503
they're relaxed.
443
00:27:11,379 --> 00:27:14,507
If they narrow their eyes
and lower their ears,
444
00:27:14,591 --> 00:27:16,134
they're becoming aggressive.
445
00:27:16,718 --> 00:27:21,389
Eyes open but ears back means
they're preparing to defend themselves.
446
00:27:22,349 --> 00:27:27,604
And if they bare their teeth,
it means they're ready for an attack.
447
00:27:28,688 --> 00:27:31,358
Reading a cat's face can be intuitive.
448
00:27:32,067 --> 00:27:34,235
The tail is more of a mystery.
449
00:27:35,278 --> 00:27:37,614
[IN JAPANESE] Movements of the tail
have various meanings.
450
00:27:37,697 --> 00:27:43,411
When a dog is wagging his tail,
people say that it is happy.
451
00:27:43,495 --> 00:27:44,996
That's not the case for a cat.
452
00:27:46,289 --> 00:27:49,584
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] When a cat
thrashes its tail, it's annoyed.
453
00:27:50,585 --> 00:27:53,380
But when they hold it straight up,
they're pretty happy.
454
00:27:54,464 --> 00:27:57,967
[DR. YUKI IN JAPANESE] When I come home,
and a cat is coming towards me,
455
00:27:58,051 --> 00:28:03,515
holding its tail straight up,
it is in a good mood.
456
00:28:03,598 --> 00:28:08,144
It's saying, "Welcome home.
Where have you been? I missed you."
457
00:28:09,104 --> 00:28:11,564
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH]
When the tip of their tail is twitching,
458
00:28:11,648 --> 00:28:13,525
it means they're intrigued.
459
00:28:14,984 --> 00:28:17,612
When a cat tucks its tail
between its legs,
460
00:28:17,696 --> 00:28:20,448
it's afraid and trying to look submissive.
461
00:28:21,533 --> 00:28:26,788
When all their hair stands on end,
it means they're downright terrified.
462
00:28:26,871 --> 00:28:27,706
[HISSES]
463
00:28:27,789 --> 00:28:30,792
[IN JAPANESE] When its tail is fluffed up,
that is true fear!
464
00:28:32,836 --> 00:28:34,129
[COW MOOS]
465
00:28:34,754 --> 00:28:37,257
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] If you understand
these coded messages,
466
00:28:37,340 --> 00:28:39,175
anyone can read a cat.
467
00:28:40,885 --> 00:28:43,972
And sometimes, it helps just to listen.
468
00:28:44,055 --> 00:28:45,265
[MEOWS]
469
00:28:45,974 --> 00:28:48,601
[IN JAPANESE] A cat has
20 different sounds
470
00:28:48,685 --> 00:28:50,395
to express its emotions.
471
00:28:51,062 --> 00:28:53,940
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] There are sounds
a cat makes when it wants something...
472
00:28:54,566 --> 00:28:56,693
[MEOWING]
473
00:28:56,776 --> 00:28:58,987
...and sounds when a cat is happy.
474
00:28:59,529 --> 00:29:01,322
[MEOWS]
475
00:29:03,199 --> 00:29:04,033
[YOWLS]
476
00:29:04,117 --> 00:29:08,079
These are warning sounds.
"Don't get too close."
477
00:29:08,163 --> 00:29:09,956
[GROWLS]
478
00:29:10,039 --> 00:29:10,874
And this...
479
00:29:10,957 --> 00:29:12,459
[HISSES]
480
00:29:12,542 --> 00:29:14,210
...is the sound of an attack.
481
00:29:15,879 --> 00:29:20,383
But cats talk to humans
far more than they do other cats.
482
00:29:20,467 --> 00:29:21,968
[MEOWING]
483
00:29:22,051 --> 00:29:27,223
[DR. YUKI IN JAPANESE]
Cats that live with humans meow a lot.
484
00:29:28,224 --> 00:29:30,685
When a cat meows loudly and clearly once,
485
00:29:30,769 --> 00:29:33,730
it often means
that the cat is demanding something.
486
00:29:33,813 --> 00:29:36,441
"I'm hungry, but there's no food
in my bowl."
487
00:29:36,524 --> 00:29:39,736
"I want water,"
or, "Please open this door."
488
00:29:40,487 --> 00:29:42,697
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH]
The most mysterious coded messages
489
00:29:42,781 --> 00:29:44,741
are found in the purr.
490
00:29:44,824 --> 00:29:46,034
[PURRS]
491
00:29:46,117 --> 00:29:48,453
[IN JAPANESE] When a cat
makes sounds with its throat,
492
00:29:48,536 --> 00:29:49,662
it's feeling really great...
493
00:29:49,746 --> 00:29:51,164
[PURRS]
494
00:29:51,247 --> 00:29:54,667
...a little bit enchanted or mesmerized.
495
00:29:54,751 --> 00:29:57,420
That is the sound it makes.
496
00:29:58,755 --> 00:30:00,799
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH]
A surprising new study has found
497
00:30:00,882 --> 00:30:04,511
they use their purr
to tap into our subconscious.
498
00:30:05,595 --> 00:30:07,889
- [CAT PURRS]
- [OWNER SMACKING LIPS]
499
00:30:07,972 --> 00:30:10,558
They seem to be able to insert frequencies
500
00:30:11,434 --> 00:30:16,689
that overlap with the frequencies
that a human baby makes when it cries.
501
00:30:16,773 --> 00:30:19,818
[CRYING]
502
00:30:19,901 --> 00:30:22,529
[NARRATOR]
When a human baby cries, the frequency,
503
00:30:22,612 --> 00:30:24,364
or the length of the sound waves,
504
00:30:25,073 --> 00:30:27,992
is between 400 and 600 hertz...
505
00:30:28,076 --> 00:30:29,285
[BABY CRIES]
506
00:30:29,369 --> 00:30:31,830
...a sound designed to get our attention.
507
00:30:33,206 --> 00:30:36,501
Modern cats have developed
a special high-pitched meow
508
00:30:36,584 --> 00:30:40,463
embedded within their purr
that mimics this frequency.
509
00:30:40,547 --> 00:30:42,966
- [CAT PURRING]
- [CROWD] Aw.
510
00:30:43,049 --> 00:30:43,925
[PURRING]
511
00:30:44,008 --> 00:30:46,427
[DR. KORNRIECH]
Cats have evolved a way to make
512
00:30:46,511 --> 00:30:49,556
a sound that humans
have a lot of difficulty ignoring.
513
00:30:49,639 --> 00:30:51,432
[HIP-HOP MUSIC PLAYS]
514
00:30:52,934 --> 00:30:54,143
And so it seems
515
00:30:54,227 --> 00:30:57,897
that that's really tapping into
either the maternal or paternal instinct
516
00:30:57,981 --> 00:31:00,275
of the owner to care for the cat.
517
00:31:01,943 --> 00:31:04,529
[NARRATOR]
They've evolved to make us care for them.
518
00:31:06,030 --> 00:31:10,159
But there are still things
we can do to get them to listen to us.
519
00:31:12,787 --> 00:31:17,584
The first and the basic command
that we teach cats to do is following us.
520
00:31:17,667 --> 00:31:23,423
So we can run off from them
and say, "Come to me," and they will come.
521
00:31:23,506 --> 00:31:24,424
[CAT MEOWS]
522
00:31:24,507 --> 00:31:26,885
[NARRATOR] Teaching simple commands
through repetition
523
00:31:26,968 --> 00:31:29,220
is known as classical conditioning.
524
00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:35,935
So the classical example
of classical conditioning is from Pavlov.
525
00:31:36,603 --> 00:31:37,437
[DOG BARKS]
526
00:31:37,937 --> 00:31:40,815
[NARRATOR]
Dr. Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize
527
00:31:40,899 --> 00:31:43,610
for physiology in 1904 for his discovery.
528
00:31:45,445 --> 00:31:47,614
[DR. SUNG] What he learned was that
529
00:31:47,697 --> 00:31:52,327
if you ring a bell
when you offer a dog food,
530
00:31:52,410 --> 00:31:55,914
after repeated pairings,
the sound of the bell
531
00:31:55,997 --> 00:31:58,249
will start causing the dog to salivate.
532
00:31:58,333 --> 00:32:01,544
So the dog got conditioned that
533
00:32:01,628 --> 00:32:04,422
hearing the bell means food's gonna come.
534
00:32:04,505 --> 00:32:06,341
So that's classical conditioning.
535
00:32:07,508 --> 00:32:10,428
[NARRATOR] For cats,
clicker training is a good place to start.
536
00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:13,723
[DR. SUNG] You wanna offer a click sound,
537
00:32:13,806 --> 00:32:16,517
and within a second or two,
offer the cat a treat,
538
00:32:16,601 --> 00:32:18,519
so the cat goes, "Oh, hey."
539
00:32:18,603 --> 00:32:22,231
"Every time I hear the click,
I get to eat my special treat."
540
00:32:22,315 --> 00:32:25,026
So then that click becomes meaningful.
541
00:32:26,903 --> 00:32:30,406
[NARRATOR] Cats get bored easily,
so keep training sessions short.
542
00:32:32,033 --> 00:32:35,536
I would aim anywhere
between one to five minutes.
543
00:32:35,620 --> 00:32:38,206
I... I would be... It would be, like,
544
00:32:39,165 --> 00:32:41,626
exceedingly awesome
if we get five minutes.
545
00:32:41,709 --> 00:32:45,797
Quite honestly, I tell my owners,
like, "30 to 60 seconds, hallelujah!"
546
00:32:45,880 --> 00:32:47,382
"We got it!" You know?
547
00:32:47,465 --> 00:32:50,259
If your cat can do more than that,
that's great.
548
00:32:50,969 --> 00:32:52,971
[NARRATOR] It's important to be patient.
549
00:32:53,471 --> 00:32:55,723
Not all cats respond the same way.
550
00:32:56,975 --> 00:32:58,685
Because all cats are different.
551
00:33:00,436 --> 00:33:04,440
In our research, one thing
that we're seeing in a lot of cat behavior
552
00:33:04,524 --> 00:33:07,318
is that there's
a lot of individual variability.
553
00:33:07,402 --> 00:33:13,741
So cats really differ on their response
to people and their sociability.
554
00:33:15,243 --> 00:33:17,620
[NARRATOR] Not all cats are superstars.
555
00:33:20,456 --> 00:33:23,668
Dasha got to where she is
through years of training.
556
00:33:23,751 --> 00:33:25,753
[PURRING]
557
00:33:26,879 --> 00:33:30,425
The other Savitsky Cats
are still a work in progress.
558
00:33:30,508 --> 00:33:32,301
[SVITLANA SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
559
00:33:35,346 --> 00:33:38,683
[IN RUSSIAN]
Not every cat can do special tricks.
560
00:33:38,766 --> 00:33:43,312
You must observe the cat
to understand what she is capable of
561
00:33:43,396 --> 00:33:46,274
and teach them things
based on their strengths.
562
00:33:48,443 --> 00:33:51,195
[IN ENGLISH] When animals are born,
they're born with a temperament.
563
00:33:53,322 --> 00:33:54,323
[MEOWS]
564
00:33:54,407 --> 00:33:57,118
That temperament is
the initial building blocks
565
00:33:57,201 --> 00:34:01,372
for that personality that's going to
develop over their lifetime.
566
00:34:01,456 --> 00:34:04,667
[MARYNA] All of our cats have
different personalities,
567
00:34:04,751 --> 00:34:06,586
and you need to adjust to them,
568
00:34:06,669 --> 00:34:10,715
so you cannot make them adjust to you.
569
00:34:10,798 --> 00:34:13,301
It's kind of not their job. It's yours.
570
00:34:13,384 --> 00:34:15,344
So you need to pick
571
00:34:16,262 --> 00:34:17,972
what works for them better.
572
00:34:19,557 --> 00:34:22,518
We see actually in kittens that already
573
00:34:22,602 --> 00:34:24,687
by the age of three days old,
574
00:34:24,771 --> 00:34:27,148
they're showing differences
within their litter.
575
00:34:29,484 --> 00:34:31,027
[CAT GROANS]
576
00:34:31,110 --> 00:34:35,114
[SVITLANA IN RUSSIAN] It's like
with humans. Some are great at computers.
577
00:34:35,198 --> 00:34:38,201
Some can be great ballerinas.
578
00:34:38,284 --> 00:34:41,996
You wouldn't teach computers
to a ballerina.
579
00:34:42,497 --> 00:34:44,165
[HIP-HOP MUSIC PLAYS]
580
00:34:45,249 --> 00:34:48,336
[MARYNA IN ENGLISH] Eddy, come here! Eddy!
[SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
581
00:34:49,587 --> 00:34:52,298
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] The Savitskys
don't force their performers
582
00:34:52,381 --> 00:34:54,050
to do these amazing stunts.
583
00:34:55,593 --> 00:34:59,138
Like a sculptor who finds
the sculpture within the rock,
584
00:34:59,764 --> 00:35:03,101
they let each cat's potential
reveal itself.
585
00:35:06,145 --> 00:35:09,732
This is Asia. She is a diva.
586
00:35:09,816 --> 00:35:11,400
Come on, come on.
587
00:35:11,484 --> 00:35:14,153
You never know, will she perform or not?
588
00:35:15,655 --> 00:35:17,115
Yet you never know.
589
00:35:17,198 --> 00:35:20,034
She's kind of, like,
really, really difficult.
590
00:35:20,118 --> 00:35:23,538
But the tricks she's doing,
they are really amazing.
591
00:35:23,621 --> 00:35:25,540
So it's worth the risk.
592
00:35:25,623 --> 00:35:26,958
[SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
593
00:35:27,959 --> 00:35:32,255
[NARRATOR] At 13, the senior member
of the team is a fan favorite.
594
00:35:33,548 --> 00:35:34,715
[MARYNA] This is Chupa.
595
00:35:35,341 --> 00:35:40,721
She was very hard to train
in the beginning, like, very challenging.
596
00:35:41,305 --> 00:35:43,558
She didn't get it, like, at all.
597
00:35:43,641 --> 00:35:47,562
But a few months passed,
and, like, just it clicked.
598
00:35:49,105 --> 00:35:51,399
And now she is a great student.
599
00:35:53,276 --> 00:35:56,654
You definitely can teach
old cats to do tricks.
600
00:35:58,948 --> 00:36:03,077
[NARRATOR] Their newest recruit, Eddy,
had a slightly different upbringing.
601
00:36:04,620 --> 00:36:05,997
[MARYNA] Eddy, it's a girl name.
602
00:36:07,331 --> 00:36:08,833
Uh, and she grew up with the dogs,
603
00:36:08,916 --> 00:36:14,547
so most of her life,
she has the doglike habits and behavior.
604
00:36:16,757 --> 00:36:19,385
We do know that life experience
605
00:36:19,468 --> 00:36:21,762
really does impact the cat's behavior.
606
00:36:22,471 --> 00:36:26,434
And that also impacts
how social the cat is.
607
00:36:30,605 --> 00:36:32,148
[NARRATOR] Because of her background,
608
00:36:32,231 --> 00:36:35,151
the Savitskys train Eddy
a bit differently.
609
00:36:38,654 --> 00:36:40,781
[MARYNA] She's doing everything backwards.
610
00:36:42,450 --> 00:36:45,536
So she's doing, like, really crazy stuff
611
00:36:45,620 --> 00:36:46,954
that other cats can't do
612
00:36:47,038 --> 00:36:49,957
just because their brain
is not wired to do that.
613
00:36:51,292 --> 00:36:53,044
[NARRATOR] Eddy also loves to jump.
614
00:36:54,295 --> 00:36:57,215
So they're teaching her
one of their hardest tricks.
615
00:36:58,633 --> 00:37:02,011
She's currently working on
a jump through the paper hoop.
616
00:37:03,971 --> 00:37:05,973
[SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
617
00:37:06,515 --> 00:37:10,937
[MARYNA IN ENGLISH] I would say, like,
it's the next more challenging trick
618
00:37:11,020 --> 00:37:14,398
that you can do
after, like, uh, socializing them,
619
00:37:14,482 --> 00:37:19,153
because you basically teach
a cat how to jump into a wall.
620
00:37:20,279 --> 00:37:21,113
Eddy.
621
00:37:21,197 --> 00:37:24,492
[MARYNA] It takes time, time, time
and a lot of practice,
622
00:37:24,575 --> 00:37:26,410
a lot of, like, wasted paper.
623
00:37:27,787 --> 00:37:29,914
It's still kind of still in process.
624
00:37:30,581 --> 00:37:32,792
Eddy, leap.
625
00:37:32,875 --> 00:37:34,794
[SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
626
00:37:37,922 --> 00:37:40,299
[SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC PLAYS]
627
00:37:42,843 --> 00:37:44,929
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH]
It's gonna take some practice.
628
00:37:49,058 --> 00:37:53,229
But the Savitskys are learning
how to motivate Eddy.
629
00:37:55,898 --> 00:37:56,732
Good boy!
630
00:37:56,816 --> 00:37:59,819
[NARRATOR] Different cats
are motivated by different rewards.
631
00:38:00,403 --> 00:38:02,154
[SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY]
632
00:38:02,238 --> 00:38:06,242
This might seem simple enough,
but many new cat owners get it wrong.
633
00:38:06,325 --> 00:38:07,243
My new love.
634
00:38:08,035 --> 00:38:13,082
I think part of it is that they're using
the wrong items to motivate the cats.
635
00:38:15,501 --> 00:38:19,088
[NARRATOR] Cats are more discerning
than many other pets.
636
00:38:19,171 --> 00:38:21,507
Food is not always the great motivator.
637
00:38:23,592 --> 00:38:27,471
We found that the majority of cats
actually prefer social rewards.
638
00:38:28,180 --> 00:38:31,767
[NARRATOR] Kristyn has done
extensive research on what cats want.
639
00:38:33,102 --> 00:38:34,562
She gives cats a choice
640
00:38:34,645 --> 00:38:36,605
between their favorite toy,
641
00:38:36,689 --> 00:38:38,357
their favorite smell,
642
00:38:38,441 --> 00:38:39,525
their favorite food,
643
00:38:40,109 --> 00:38:41,485
or their owner.
644
00:38:52,038 --> 00:38:55,499
And more than half the time,
they choose their people.
645
00:38:56,959 --> 00:38:59,170
[MAN WHISPERING] I think he loves you.
646
00:38:59,253 --> 00:39:01,881
[NARRATOR]
It seems the heart trumps the stomach.
647
00:39:03,174 --> 00:39:06,552
So is this proof that cats love us?
648
00:39:06,635 --> 00:39:09,555
[DR. VITALE] I get asked a lot
whether cats love us or not.
649
00:39:09,638 --> 00:39:14,352
Love is a really complex emotion,
and even in humans, you know,
650
00:39:14,852 --> 00:39:18,022
someone might tell you that they love you,
but they behave very differently.
651
00:39:20,858 --> 00:39:24,487
[NARRATOR] To answer that question
and understand the true nature
652
00:39:24,570 --> 00:39:26,197
of the human-cat relationship,
653
00:39:26,280 --> 00:39:28,824
we need to go
all the way back to the beginning.
654
00:39:34,330 --> 00:39:38,250
For years, historians believed
our friendship began in Egypt
655
00:39:38,334 --> 00:39:39,919
around 4,000 years ago.
656
00:39:43,047 --> 00:39:46,300
But a recent breakthrough
changed everything.
657
00:39:53,057 --> 00:39:54,767
Ten thousand years ago,
658
00:39:55,267 --> 00:39:58,729
so before the Neolithic,
there were no cats in Cyprus.
659
00:40:01,190 --> 00:40:04,527
[NARRATOR] Cyprus is a small island
{\an8}in the Mediterranean
660
00:40:04,610 --> 00:40:06,737
near the cradle of civilization
661
00:40:06,821 --> 00:40:10,616
where archaeologists
recently unearthed a huge discovery.
662
00:40:12,284 --> 00:40:15,121
[DR. GIEGL]
They found a Neolithic burial of a child.
663
00:40:15,204 --> 00:40:18,332
And in this burial,
there was also a cat skeleton.
664
00:40:19,917 --> 00:40:23,629
[NARRATOR] Dr. Eva Maria used DNA
to date this find.
665
00:40:24,755 --> 00:40:27,133
And it would become
the earliest known evidence
666
00:40:27,216 --> 00:40:29,385
of a human-cat relationship...
667
00:40:31,095 --> 00:40:31,929
[CAT MEOWS]
668
00:40:32,763 --> 00:40:36,934
...proving we've been together
for at least 10,000 years.
669
00:40:38,060 --> 00:40:38,894
[CAT MEOWS]
670
00:40:39,437 --> 00:40:41,939
This cat did not swim over the sea.
671
00:40:43,149 --> 00:40:48,237
It means that people took this cat
on their ships to Cyprus.
672
00:40:48,737 --> 00:40:52,700
So something happened
around this time in this area.
673
00:40:53,784 --> 00:40:55,703
[NARRATOR] What happened was the farm.
674
00:40:57,496 --> 00:41:00,624
Humans began to grow crops
and store grains,
675
00:41:00,708 --> 00:41:03,544
and wildcats saw an opportunity.
676
00:41:03,627 --> 00:41:05,087
[CAT PURRING]
677
00:41:05,171 --> 00:41:08,549
[DR. GIEGL] These granaries
must have attracted rodents,
678
00:41:08,632 --> 00:41:11,177
which was a disaster
for the early farmers.
679
00:41:11,260 --> 00:41:13,095
And so the cats
680
00:41:14,388 --> 00:41:16,891
jumped on these rodents
and thrived on the rodents.
681
00:41:17,850 --> 00:41:21,187
And this was probably
the beginning of this relationship
682
00:41:21,270 --> 00:41:24,440
between the wildcats and humans.
683
00:41:25,441 --> 00:41:28,068
[NARRATOR]
And from here, the relationship grew.
684
00:41:29,570 --> 00:41:31,322
[DR. GIEGL] Egyptians worship cats.
685
00:41:31,864 --> 00:41:34,700
You had millions of cats mummified,
686
00:41:34,783 --> 00:41:40,623
and from the Egyptian iconography,
statues, all kind of depictions of cats.
687
00:41:41,540 --> 00:41:46,545
And there you see chairs
of noble people, very often women,
688
00:41:47,379 --> 00:41:49,840
and a little cat under the chair.
689
00:41:51,342 --> 00:41:56,013
So this shows us
that the cat had entered the house.
690
00:41:56,639 --> 00:41:58,933
It was on the way to become a house cat.
691
00:42:00,142 --> 00:42:02,019
[NARRATOR]
Wherever we went, cats followed...
692
00:42:04,230 --> 00:42:05,397
often by boat.
693
00:42:07,399 --> 00:42:10,027
[DR. GIEGL] Ships are probably
694
00:42:10,110 --> 00:42:14,114
the predominant means
of spreading of the cat.
695
00:42:15,074 --> 00:42:17,618
The rodents went on the ships,
and the cats followed.
696
00:42:17,701 --> 00:42:20,412
And so there was not
a single ship, probably,
697
00:42:20,496 --> 00:42:22,831
that went out of the port without cats.
698
00:42:23,332 --> 00:42:29,338
[NARRATOR] So this is how Felis catus
made its way to every continent on Earth.
699
00:42:29,421 --> 00:42:30,256
[CAT YOWLS]
700
00:42:33,384 --> 00:42:39,348
[DR. GIEGL] It was so important on ships
that until 1975 in the British Navy,
701
00:42:39,431 --> 00:42:42,726
{\an8}it was still compulsory
to have a cat on the ship.
702
00:42:43,644 --> 00:42:45,396
[NARRATOR] It wasn't just the British.
703
00:42:45,479 --> 00:42:47,398
[BUGLE PLAYS]
704
00:42:50,651 --> 00:42:54,071
[MAN] Attention, Mr. Coast Guardsman.
Herman the cat is on the prowl.
705
00:42:54,154 --> 00:42:57,992
In Baltimore, Herman is fingerprinted,
or is it, uh, paw-printed,
706
00:42:58,075 --> 00:43:00,494
so he can get
an official Coast Guard pass.
707
00:43:01,662 --> 00:43:02,871
[CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKS]
708
00:43:02,955 --> 00:43:04,373
[NARRATOR] This is real.
709
00:43:05,457 --> 00:43:09,336
Herman the cat was actually
in the US Coast Guard.
710
00:43:11,297 --> 00:43:15,509
But history hasn't always been
this kind to felines.
711
00:43:17,219 --> 00:43:18,596
[THUNDER RUMBLING]
712
00:43:18,679 --> 00:43:20,222
[SINISTER LAUGHING]
713
00:43:20,306 --> 00:43:22,016
[PIPE ORGAN MUSIC PLAYS]
714
00:43:23,892 --> 00:43:25,144
[YOWLS]
715
00:43:25,227 --> 00:43:27,813
Stories of black cats and dark magic,
716
00:43:28,397 --> 00:43:31,358
witches and cauldrons
did not begin in Salem
717
00:43:32,067 --> 00:43:33,652
or even Transylvania
718
00:43:34,570 --> 00:43:38,032
but with a rogue pope named Gregory IX.
719
00:43:39,825 --> 00:43:41,744
{\an8}[DR. GIEGL] Cats in the Middle Ages
720
00:43:42,745 --> 00:43:44,663
were associated to witches.
721
00:43:45,331 --> 00:43:47,166
Witches were actually
722
00:43:48,125 --> 00:43:53,964
intelligent women,
wise women who knew a lot about nature.
723
00:43:54,590 --> 00:43:58,969
These wise women
knew that keeping the house clean
724
00:43:59,470 --> 00:44:01,013
would keep you healthy.
725
00:44:01,847 --> 00:44:04,016
So they cleaned the house with a broom,
726
00:44:04,099 --> 00:44:07,186
and they had cats to get rid of rodents.
727
00:44:07,269 --> 00:44:10,606
There came the time when the Church,
728
00:44:11,815 --> 00:44:13,192
dominated by males,
729
00:44:13,859 --> 00:44:15,653
considered them to be a danger.
730
00:44:15,736 --> 00:44:18,781
So the Church tried to get rid of them.
731
00:44:18,864 --> 00:44:19,782
[DOGS BARKING]
732
00:44:19,865 --> 00:44:22,076
[NARRATOR]
Demonized during this Papal Inquisition,
733
00:44:22,159 --> 00:44:25,037
Europe's cat population was decimated,
734
00:44:26,789 --> 00:44:30,793
which some believe
may have contributed to the Black Plague.
735
00:44:34,713 --> 00:44:41,679
Black Death, the plague was transmitted
by... rodents, by fleas, actually.
736
00:44:42,763 --> 00:44:45,683
And the fleas were
in the fur of the rodents.
737
00:44:47,184 --> 00:44:50,270
[NARRATOR] With fewer cats,
the plague was out of control.
738
00:44:53,440 --> 00:44:55,984
Thankfully, even during these dark times,
739
00:44:56,068 --> 00:44:59,697
some people continued to nurture
a bond with cats...
740
00:45:10,666 --> 00:45:14,336
...a relationship
that's still evolving to this day.
741
00:45:19,133 --> 00:45:21,927
There's a history of cats in distilleries.
742
00:45:22,678 --> 00:45:24,972
[WOMAN] It's quite a traditional thing
in Scotland.
743
00:45:25,472 --> 00:45:28,767
There was a very famous cat
over at a distillery in Perthshire
744
00:45:28,851 --> 00:45:32,229
called Towser, and he's probably
the most famous distillery cat ever.
745
00:45:32,312 --> 00:45:35,566
- [MAN] Yeah, he or she is legendary.
- [WOMAN] Yeah.
746
00:45:35,649 --> 00:45:38,026
[MAN] I think he is
the most famous distillery cat.
747
00:45:44,658 --> 00:45:47,119
[NARRATOR] Five years ago,
Helen and Drew Mckenzie
748
00:45:47,202 --> 00:45:48,829
adopted two working cats
749
00:45:49,705 --> 00:45:51,915
to carry on an age-old tradition.
750
00:45:54,877 --> 00:45:57,504
[DREW] The abbey was founded in 1191.
751
00:45:59,673 --> 00:46:03,051
We have William Wallace coming here
after his victory over the English
752
00:46:03,135 --> 00:46:04,720
at the Battle of Black Earnside.
753
00:46:05,929 --> 00:46:07,973
[BAGPIPES PLAYING]
754
00:46:08,056 --> 00:46:09,683
So it's got a huge history.
755
00:46:10,350 --> 00:46:12,936
I suppose we're continuing the tradition.
756
00:46:13,020 --> 00:46:15,898
You know, all the cats
that have been here over the years.
757
00:46:18,567 --> 00:46:21,320
[NARRATOR] They named
the black male Friar John Claw...
758
00:46:23,322 --> 00:46:24,907
and the calico female Vespers,
759
00:46:26,366 --> 00:46:28,827
a nod to the medieval monks
that lived here.
760
00:46:29,661 --> 00:46:34,666
And just like those monks,
these cats begin their services at night.
761
00:46:46,428 --> 00:46:49,681
The eyes of cats are very large
compared to the size of the skull.
762
00:46:51,558 --> 00:46:54,019
They also have something
called the tapetum lucidum,
763
00:46:54,102 --> 00:46:56,855
which is a layer of cells
at the back of the eye
764
00:46:56,939 --> 00:46:59,149
that reflects light back to the retina,
765
00:46:59,900 --> 00:47:03,570
so it allows them
to see very well in low-light conditions.
766
00:47:05,239 --> 00:47:08,242
[NARRATOR] What they're looking for
poses a very real danger
767
00:47:08,325 --> 00:47:09,952
to the health of the distillery.
768
00:47:11,662 --> 00:47:14,164
[HELEN] Mice are always present
in a distillery
769
00:47:14,248 --> 00:47:18,252
because of the huge amounts of barely,
and grain obviously attracts mice.
770
00:47:18,335 --> 00:47:19,461
[MOUSE SQUEAKING]
771
00:47:19,545 --> 00:47:22,005
Unfortunately,
without getting too technical,
772
00:47:22,089 --> 00:47:25,300
mice kind of wee
all the time, so... [LAUGHS]
773
00:47:25,384 --> 00:47:28,929
For want of a better expression.
Um, and that's not a good thing.
774
00:47:30,347 --> 00:47:33,767
[NARRATOR] To find these vermin,
the cats need to get ultrasonic.
775
00:47:35,978 --> 00:47:39,523
[DR. KORNRIECH] The ears of cats
can rotate about 180 degrees.
776
00:47:40,566 --> 00:47:42,693
And they can hear very high frequencies.
777
00:47:42,776 --> 00:47:47,906
This is because the prey that they seek
vocalizes in this auditory range.
778
00:47:47,990 --> 00:47:48,866
[MOUSE SQUEAKING]
779
00:47:49,741 --> 00:47:54,371
So this allows them to kind of localize
and kind of triangulate on prey.
780
00:48:00,669 --> 00:48:01,503
[MOUSE SQUEALS]
781
00:48:08,552 --> 00:48:10,470
[NARRATOR] The cats do their job well.
782
00:48:13,932 --> 00:48:18,020
But Helen and Drew were curious
what exactly they were up to.
783
00:48:19,938 --> 00:48:23,483
So Helen put on GPS trackers to find out.
784
00:48:26,028 --> 00:48:28,697
{\an8}The GPS collars revealed that each night,
785
00:48:28,780 --> 00:48:31,158
{\an8}Vespers travels more than a mile,
786
00:48:31,867 --> 00:48:34,328
{\an8}but she never strays too far from home.
787
00:48:35,579 --> 00:48:38,415
Vespers, who is officially
the chief mouser,
788
00:48:38,498 --> 00:48:41,084
is busy getting on with
the day job and night job.
789
00:48:42,002 --> 00:48:44,963
[NARRATOR]
And she's most active just before dawn,
790
00:48:45,797 --> 00:48:47,257
prime rodent time.
791
00:48:48,175 --> 00:48:51,762
Cats are crepuscular animals, okay?
792
00:48:52,346 --> 00:48:55,015
Crespuc... Crep... [LAUGHS]
Crepuscular animals
793
00:48:55,098 --> 00:49:00,270
means that they're active
early dawn and at dusk.
794
00:49:01,772 --> 00:49:04,691
[NARRATOR]
Which may explain why cats are so crazy
795
00:49:04,775 --> 00:49:06,276
in the wee hours of the night.
796
00:49:08,028 --> 00:49:11,448
My cats tend to have
the zoomies after we go to bed.
797
00:49:11,531 --> 00:49:12,491
[ROCK MUSIC PLAYS]
798
00:49:14,326 --> 00:49:17,663
The zoomies, you know,
when cats have a sudden burst of energy.
799
00:49:18,705 --> 00:49:21,708
We call it "FRAP," F-R-A-P.
800
00:49:25,587 --> 00:49:28,674
You can see them, like,
make little chirping noises,
801
00:49:28,757 --> 00:49:31,969
and they get low to the ground,
and they jump from here to there.
802
00:49:33,261 --> 00:49:35,639
They're chasing each other,
they're vocalizing,
803
00:49:35,722 --> 00:49:38,684
just having a grand time
when the rest of us are sleeping.
804
00:49:40,727 --> 00:49:42,187
This is all instinctive behavior.
805
00:49:42,270 --> 00:49:45,065
It goes back to... to the circadian rhythm.
806
00:49:45,148 --> 00:49:49,277
This is an internal clock in our body
that we got from our ancestors.
807
00:49:50,320 --> 00:49:54,408
[NARRATOR] Some cats have
another peculiar nighttime ritual.
808
00:49:55,867 --> 00:49:59,246
[HELEN] Vespers, in particular,
she is a big present giver.
809
00:49:59,746 --> 00:50:04,459
I reckon Ves probably catches...
four or five things a day.
810
00:50:04,543 --> 00:50:08,547
[NARRATOR] But why do cats
bring their owners gifts?
811
00:50:09,047 --> 00:50:12,217
We know
that when a mother cat has kittens,
812
00:50:12,300 --> 00:50:15,721
that she will basically bring
the prey back for the kittens,
813
00:50:15,804 --> 00:50:18,932
so they can learn
what kinds of prey are suitable
814
00:50:19,016 --> 00:50:22,102
and kind of let them play with it, uh,
815
00:50:22,185 --> 00:50:26,815
and in kind of a morbid sense,
to get practice trying to get the prey.
816
00:50:28,608 --> 00:50:31,069
[NARRATOR] Whatever the reason,
it's a compliment.
817
00:50:31,695 --> 00:50:33,363
It means you're family.
818
00:50:34,322 --> 00:50:36,408
And there's few things less pleasant
819
00:50:36,491 --> 00:50:38,994
when you're walking
without slippers on in the morning.
820
00:50:39,077 --> 00:50:40,954
[UPBEAT MUSIC PLAYS]
821
00:50:41,038 --> 00:50:43,582
[NARRATOR] While Vespers performs
the traditional duties,
822
00:50:44,541 --> 00:50:47,878
Friar John Claw has
a more modern approach.
823
00:50:48,879 --> 00:50:50,422
[HELEN] He's very laid-back,
824
00:50:51,089 --> 00:50:53,967
you know, loves the public,
spends a huge amount of time
825
00:50:54,051 --> 00:50:57,220
in the actual visitor center itself
just being stroked.
826
00:50:58,096 --> 00:51:02,017
[NARRATOR] FJC realized
his sister is all over the mice.
827
00:51:02,893 --> 00:51:04,936
His talents are better used elsewhere.
828
00:51:06,521 --> 00:51:09,775
FJC's role, it could be said,
is more of an ambassador.
829
00:51:11,068 --> 00:51:12,903
[UPBEAT MUSIC CONTINUES]
830
00:51:16,656 --> 00:51:17,908
[DREW] He's front of house.
831
00:51:17,991 --> 00:51:21,286
- [HELEN] She's back of house.
- She's back of house, doing the hard work.
832
00:51:22,621 --> 00:51:24,998
[NARRATOR] Vespers uses instinct.
833
00:51:25,082 --> 00:51:27,918
Friar John Claw uses Instagram.
834
00:51:29,461 --> 00:51:32,839
What started 10,000 years ago
as a working relationship
835
00:51:33,965 --> 00:51:36,259
has evolved into a global obsession.
836
00:51:36,343 --> 00:51:37,302
[CAT MEOWS]
837
00:51:38,178 --> 00:51:39,888
[MEOWING]
838
00:51:40,555 --> 00:51:43,391
The way that cats
have gone viral on the Internet is...
839
00:51:43,475 --> 00:51:46,394
I think really exceeds
anything that anyone would have expected.
840
00:51:46,478 --> 00:51:49,940
I believe the second most common reason
people go to the Internet
841
00:51:50,023 --> 00:51:51,358
is to watch cat videos.
842
00:51:52,651 --> 00:51:55,946
[NARRATOR] Cats are
the number one family-friendly thing
843
00:51:56,029 --> 00:51:57,030
on the Internet...
844
00:51:57,697 --> 00:51:59,032
[WOMAN LAUGHING]
845
00:51:59,116 --> 00:52:01,618
...with more than 25 billion views.
846
00:52:01,701 --> 00:52:02,536
Oh-ho-ho!
847
00:52:03,870 --> 00:52:05,705
[NARRATOR] A new study
found that cat videos
848
00:52:05,789 --> 00:52:08,291
actually boost positive emotions
849
00:52:08,375 --> 00:52:10,127
and decrease negative feelings.
850
00:52:10,210 --> 00:52:11,044
[LAUGHS]
851
00:52:12,087 --> 00:52:15,507
In other words,
they provide a big ol' shot of dopamine.
852
00:52:16,466 --> 00:52:17,384
[LAUGHS]
853
00:52:17,884 --> 00:52:20,804
I think that the Internet
has kind of become a space
854
00:52:20,887 --> 00:52:24,474
where cat-lovers can all
kind of unite and just love
855
00:52:24,558 --> 00:52:26,393
cats and laugh at them
856
00:52:26,476 --> 00:52:29,521
and kind of bond over
the silly things that our cats do.
857
00:52:29,604 --> 00:52:31,690
It kind of gives us a space to do that.
858
00:52:34,025 --> 00:52:36,278
[NARRATOR]
Bad behavior makes for a fun video.
859
00:52:37,821 --> 00:52:41,241
But it's not always funny
when it's happening in your own home.
860
00:52:43,451 --> 00:52:46,079
When we have unwanted behavior,
861
00:52:46,163 --> 00:52:49,040
keep in mind that,
you know, cats are being cats.
862
00:52:49,124 --> 00:52:51,459
They don't know you don't want them
on top of your counter.
863
00:52:53,170 --> 00:52:56,047
[NARRATOR] Rule number one,
never punish a cat.
864
00:52:56,590 --> 00:52:57,674
[POT CLANGING]
865
00:52:57,757 --> 00:53:01,011
When your cat is doing
something you don't want,
866
00:53:01,094 --> 00:53:02,429
right, and you punish him,
867
00:53:03,054 --> 00:53:07,100
he sometimes doesn't understand
why you don't like it, right?
868
00:53:07,184 --> 00:53:09,519
It also makes you feel unpredictable.
869
00:53:10,979 --> 00:53:12,814
"All of a sudden,
you're yelling and screaming."
870
00:53:12,898 --> 00:53:14,649
"I don't understand what happened."
871
00:53:16,193 --> 00:53:18,028
[NARRATOR] The key is positivity.
872
00:53:20,780 --> 00:53:22,574
[SVITLANA SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
873
00:53:22,657 --> 00:53:24,910
[IN ENGLISH] If your cat is doing
something you don't want,
874
00:53:24,993 --> 00:53:28,955
you wanna be able to distract the cat
and then tell him. Tell him what you want.
875
00:53:29,039 --> 00:53:31,875
"Hey, let's do this.
Come over and touch my hand."
876
00:53:31,958 --> 00:53:35,837
"Go to your bed.
[GASPS] What a smart kitty, yay!"
877
00:53:35,921 --> 00:53:39,007
And your cat goes,
"Yeah, I'm the best cat ever!"
878
00:53:41,968 --> 00:53:45,889
[NARRATOR] For really bad habits,
classical conditioning is not enough.
879
00:53:47,599 --> 00:53:53,104
Counterconditioning is the process
of changing an emotional response.
880
00:53:54,314 --> 00:53:57,359
[NARRATOR]
This is when you pull out the good stuff,
881
00:53:57,442 --> 00:54:00,111
their favorite, most irresistible treat.
882
00:54:00,779 --> 00:54:04,199
[DR. SUNG] Offering something
so highly valuable or rewarding
883
00:54:04,282 --> 00:54:08,411
that the animal goes,
"Oh! That wasn't so bad. I like this."
884
00:54:09,746 --> 00:54:11,706
I always give the example to my clients
885
00:54:11,790 --> 00:54:14,501
of, what if every time
you walked out of the house,
886
00:54:14,584 --> 00:54:17,921
you had a snarky neighbor,
and he always said something mean to you?
887
00:54:18,421 --> 00:54:20,966
So you try to avoid going out
when he's out there.
888
00:54:22,259 --> 00:54:25,553
But what if every time
you went out there, I gave you $1,000?
889
00:54:25,637 --> 00:54:26,763
Huh?
890
00:54:27,681 --> 00:54:31,059
Then you're like, "That's not so bad.
I don't mind seeing that guy."
891
00:54:31,977 --> 00:54:34,312
What if you saw him four times a day,
and you got $4,000?
892
00:54:34,396 --> 00:54:36,898
You're gonna be like, "Yeah! Bring it on!"
893
00:54:36,982 --> 00:54:39,818
"Where is he?" You're gonna wanna see
that guy all the time, right?
894
00:54:41,111 --> 00:54:43,238
So that's what counterconditioning is.
895
00:54:43,321 --> 00:54:45,240
You can change a situation
896
00:54:45,323 --> 00:54:50,120
from being negative,
to more neutral, to then positive.
897
00:54:52,747 --> 00:54:56,001
[NARRATOR] Like any relationship,
it can take patience,
898
00:54:56,626 --> 00:54:58,253
but it's worth it.
899
00:54:59,337 --> 00:55:02,799
You get the sense sometimes
that they might not need you,
900
00:55:03,967 --> 00:55:05,552
but they still want you.
901
00:55:05,635 --> 00:55:10,598
And that's this very unique and mystical
and deep-seated relationship.
902
00:55:11,182 --> 00:55:13,184
[NARRATOR] A cat's true motivation
903
00:55:13,268 --> 00:55:16,521
isn't as easy to interpret
as some other pets'.
904
00:55:17,022 --> 00:55:17,856
[DOG BARKS]
905
00:55:17,939 --> 00:55:21,234
[IN JAPANESE] Dogs see
their owners as gods.
906
00:55:22,610 --> 00:55:24,487
But cats think of themselves as gods.
907
00:55:26,031 --> 00:55:27,866
Cats don't want to do
what they don't like.
908
00:55:28,533 --> 00:55:30,577
They want to sleep
when they want to sleep,
909
00:55:30,660 --> 00:55:33,121
eat when they want to eat,
play when they want to play.
910
00:55:36,750 --> 00:55:40,045
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] Don't mistake
independence for indifference.
911
00:55:40,754 --> 00:55:44,090
If you kind of have that perception
that cats are aloof,
912
00:55:44,174 --> 00:55:46,259
they don't care about social interaction,
913
00:55:46,343 --> 00:55:48,428
so you don't go out of your way
to interact with them,
914
00:55:49,012 --> 00:55:52,307
you're basically shaping
the cat to then also be aloof
915
00:55:52,390 --> 00:55:54,559
because that was what
you expected of them.
916
00:55:55,602 --> 00:55:57,812
In our work, we found that
917
00:55:57,896 --> 00:56:01,441
how the person behaves
really does impact the cat's behavior.
918
00:56:02,817 --> 00:56:05,904
[NARRATOR] Kristyn's research is proving
how a cat treats you
919
00:56:06,488 --> 00:56:09,449
directly reflects how you treat them.
920
00:56:10,992 --> 00:56:15,580
One step further, her work is showing
they might even pick up on how we feel.
921
00:56:18,166 --> 00:56:21,294
So this is known as
the social-referencing test.
922
00:56:21,378 --> 00:56:24,422
And the whole idea is
that this fan with streamers
923
00:56:24,506 --> 00:56:26,466
is totally novel to the cat.
924
00:56:26,549 --> 00:56:30,053
So he doesn't know if it's something scary
or if it's something fun.
925
00:56:30,553 --> 00:56:34,140
So the whole idea is that the person
can put off emotional cues
926
00:56:34,224 --> 00:56:36,226
and see how the cat responds.
927
00:56:36,976 --> 00:56:38,603
Carl, that's scary!
928
00:56:39,646 --> 00:56:41,689
Carl, that's scary, isn't it?
929
00:56:42,482 --> 00:56:43,983
Oh no!
930
00:56:44,067 --> 00:56:46,820
Oh no! Oh my gosh!
931
00:56:47,695 --> 00:56:48,780
Look at that!
932
00:56:48,863 --> 00:56:51,241
[NARRATOR]
When Kristyn acts scared of the fan,
933
00:56:51,324 --> 00:56:52,742
Carl tries to hide.
934
00:56:53,243 --> 00:56:54,869
[OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYS]
935
00:56:55,703 --> 00:56:57,414
[DR. VITALE] Is the fan scary?
936
00:56:58,164 --> 00:57:00,750
[NARRATOR] A quick reset
and an attitude adjustment,
937
00:57:00,834 --> 00:57:02,419
and it's time for round two.
938
00:57:06,464 --> 00:57:08,550
[DR. VITALE]
So if I'm happy towards the fan,
939
00:57:08,633 --> 00:57:11,719
we should see if the cat
can pick up on my emotions.
940
00:57:14,848 --> 00:57:16,766
[CALM MUSIC PLAYS]
941
00:57:16,850 --> 00:57:19,811
Look. Look at what a nice fan.
942
00:57:21,354 --> 00:57:23,231
Look at what a good fan.
943
00:57:23,314 --> 00:57:27,026
[NARRATOR] When she speaks nicely
to the fan and is not scared,
944
00:57:27,110 --> 00:57:28,903
Carl seems more confident.
945
00:57:29,654 --> 00:57:31,656
Look at those streamers.
946
00:57:33,116 --> 00:57:34,200
Look.
947
00:57:35,076 --> 00:57:37,495
[NARRATOR] The fan is no longer a threat.
948
00:57:38,246 --> 00:57:39,330
No more fear!
949
00:57:43,126 --> 00:57:44,461
[NARRATOR] It's not just Carl.
950
00:57:45,962 --> 00:57:50,258
Seventy-nine percent of cats
look to their owners for emotional advice.
951
00:57:51,926 --> 00:57:54,387
For scientists, it's another breakthrough.
952
00:57:57,307 --> 00:58:01,019
It seems cats
are experts at feeling our feelings...
953
00:58:03,730 --> 00:58:05,356
good and bad.
954
00:58:06,858 --> 00:58:10,320
[MARYNA] If you even have a bad mood
and you go into training cats,
955
00:58:10,403 --> 00:58:11,738
just walk away.
956
00:58:11,821 --> 00:58:13,823
Do not go... Do not go there.
957
00:58:13,907 --> 00:58:17,535
They feel everything,
and they make it worse.
958
00:58:18,077 --> 00:58:19,245
Asia, come here.
959
00:58:20,455 --> 00:58:22,040
[CAT GROWLS]
960
00:58:22,707 --> 00:58:26,669
[NARRATOR] Cats have learned to be empaths
to adapt and survive.
961
00:58:28,254 --> 00:58:30,965
[DR. VITALE]
There is an evolutionary advantage
962
00:58:31,049 --> 00:58:34,761
to being able to look at social partners
in your environment
963
00:58:34,844 --> 00:58:36,596
and gather information.
964
00:58:36,679 --> 00:58:40,183
So if you're unable to read
anybody's response,
965
00:58:40,266 --> 00:58:43,061
then you have really cut yourself off
966
00:58:43,144 --> 00:58:46,981
from a whole lot of information
about how to react
967
00:58:47,065 --> 00:58:49,108
to something potentially dangerous.
968
00:58:50,318 --> 00:58:53,655
[NARRATOR] This revelation
that cats pick up on our feelings
969
00:58:53,738 --> 00:58:57,242
then took a much bigger turn
than anyone ever expected.
970
00:59:01,538 --> 00:59:04,916
Back in Japan,
Dr. Saho Takagi noticed something.
971
00:59:06,626 --> 00:59:07,585
[HISSES]
972
00:59:07,669 --> 00:59:11,589
[IN JAPANESE] I realized
that we can observe different behaviors
973
00:59:11,673 --> 00:59:15,343
in cats in the US and the ones in Japan.
974
00:59:17,971 --> 00:59:22,308
In Japan, cats have a hard time
with unfamiliar places.
975
00:59:23,851 --> 00:59:25,645
However, cats I saw in the US...
976
00:59:25,728 --> 00:59:27,772
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" PLAYS]
977
00:59:28,648 --> 00:59:34,237
...act normal even in unfamiliar places.
978
00:59:34,320 --> 00:59:41,244
So Japanese and American cats
might have different personalities.
979
00:59:42,245 --> 00:59:45,498
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] Kristyn and Saho
decided to run the same experiments
980
00:59:45,582 --> 00:59:47,584
in the US and in Japan.
981
00:59:49,460 --> 00:59:52,505
{\an8}And they're finding
the cats are different.
982
00:59:56,050 --> 00:59:59,387
We're seeing social differences
between cats in Japan and the US.
983
01:00:00,680 --> 01:00:07,312
[IN JAPANESE] I realized
that our cultural differences affect cats.
984
01:00:09,689 --> 01:00:12,775
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH]
Is human culture changing cat culture?
985
01:00:14,193 --> 01:00:17,614
[DR. SAHO IN JAPANESE]
Japan is an island nation.
986
01:00:18,823 --> 01:00:23,119
Most cat owners keep
their cats completely indoors.
987
01:00:23,202 --> 01:00:27,123
People in Japan
rarely have a party at home.
988
01:00:27,957 --> 01:00:30,835
Therefore, for cats in Japan,
the frequency of meeting strangers
989
01:00:30,918 --> 01:00:33,838
is much less than for cats in the US.
990
01:00:34,756 --> 01:00:39,385
These might be factors contributing
to the differences between cats in Japan
991
01:00:39,469 --> 01:00:41,471
and cats in the US.
992
01:00:43,556 --> 01:00:46,601
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] Their research
suggests these cultural differences
993
01:00:46,684 --> 01:00:50,355
might actually be handed down
from generation to generation.
994
01:00:51,689 --> 01:00:53,274
[SEAGULLS CAWING]
995
01:00:53,941 --> 01:00:58,404
And in one culture, it's bringing
our species even closer together.
996
01:01:03,618 --> 01:01:05,620
[UPBEAT FOLK MUSIC PLAYS]
997
01:01:11,876 --> 01:01:14,504
Even before Istanbul was Constantinople,
998
01:01:14,587 --> 01:01:17,090
it was the city of cats.
999
01:01:18,966 --> 01:01:23,846
These streets are home
to more than 100,000 community cats
1000
01:01:23,930 --> 01:01:26,724
perfectly suited to an urban lifestyle.
1001
01:01:31,771 --> 01:01:35,358
Nowadays, when you go to Istanbul,
you find these cats around.
1002
01:01:36,943 --> 01:01:40,530
They are cats
that belong to the neighborhood.
1003
01:01:41,280 --> 01:01:43,658
They are not owned by a specific person.
1004
01:01:44,450 --> 01:01:48,204
People provide the infrastructure for cats
1005
01:01:48,287 --> 01:01:50,248
so that they can survive,
1006
01:01:50,331 --> 01:01:54,252
but they are not... They do not belong
to somebody specifically.
1007
01:01:56,379 --> 01:02:02,093
[NARRATOR] In 2021, Istanbul introduced
new laws protecting these cats,
1008
01:02:02,176 --> 01:02:05,221
some of the most progressive legislation
in the world.
1009
01:02:07,348 --> 01:02:11,644
Treating a cat as an equal
and seeing things from their point of view
1010
01:02:11,728 --> 01:02:14,564
is the best way
to strengthen the relationship.
1011
01:02:15,857 --> 01:02:16,691
Hi.
1012
01:02:18,609 --> 01:02:19,610
[CAT PURRING]
1013
01:02:25,283 --> 01:02:27,452
[DR. SUNG] The whole reason
my specialty exists
1014
01:02:27,535 --> 01:02:30,955
is because people recognize
they have this deep bond with this animal,
1015
01:02:31,038 --> 01:02:32,290
this deep love.
1016
01:02:34,292 --> 01:02:36,002
We do it for the love of animals.
1017
01:02:36,627 --> 01:02:39,213
We do it because we recognize
the human-animal bond.
1018
01:02:40,882 --> 01:02:43,718
And I don't know why I'm crying.
Stop making me cry.
1019
01:02:43,801 --> 01:02:47,805
Um... yeah, this is why we do it,
because we love animals.
1020
01:02:47,889 --> 01:02:48,931
[CAT PURRING]
1021
01:02:49,932 --> 01:02:52,810
[NARRATOR] It's clear we love cats.
1022
01:02:53,853 --> 01:02:56,773
Which leads us
to the biggest cat question of all.
1023
01:02:59,233 --> 01:03:01,694
Do I think cats love us?
1024
01:03:02,737 --> 01:03:05,656
It's really hard to measure
emotions in cats,
1025
01:03:05,740 --> 01:03:07,909
but I do feel like,
based on their behavior,
1026
01:03:07,992 --> 01:03:09,827
based on their relationship,
1027
01:03:09,911 --> 01:03:15,374
that cats can form such a deep bond
with someone that it is akin to love.
1028
01:03:16,417 --> 01:03:17,460
[CAT MEOWS]
1029
01:03:19,962 --> 01:03:22,715
[IN JAPANESE]
Cats love their owners very much.
1030
01:03:22,799 --> 01:03:28,679
I believe that my cats definitely love me.
1031
01:03:28,763 --> 01:03:30,306
[CAT PURRING]
1032
01:03:30,389 --> 01:03:32,850
[IN ENGLISH] It's pretty clear
that cats provide
1033
01:03:33,476 --> 01:03:37,313
emotional support,
a feeling of wellness, happiness.
1034
01:03:37,939 --> 01:03:42,860
This notion that you can come home
and have unconditional love from your cat
1035
01:03:42,944 --> 01:03:44,821
is something that's vital.
1036
01:03:44,904 --> 01:03:45,863
[CAT PURRING]
1037
01:03:50,576 --> 01:03:52,495
[NARRATOR]
With all the devotion of her family,
1038
01:03:52,578 --> 01:03:56,415
Eddy is perfectly positioned
to become the next big superstar.
1039
01:03:56,499 --> 01:03:59,502
[SVITLANA AND MARYNA SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
1040
01:03:59,585 --> 01:04:03,089
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] All she needs to do
is complete the paper hoop.
1041
01:04:03,589 --> 01:04:07,009
[SVITLANA SPEAKING RUSSIAN]
1042
01:04:08,845 --> 01:04:12,598
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] We're only beginning
to realize the potential of cats.
1043
01:04:13,224 --> 01:04:17,812
[IN JAPANESE] There is still so much
we don't know about cats.
1044
01:04:17,895 --> 01:04:21,107
The future will bring
more discoveries bit by bit.
1045
01:04:23,150 --> 01:04:24,694
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH] The more we learn,
1046
01:04:24,777 --> 01:04:28,239
the more we realize
just how deep our connection is.
1047
01:04:30,867 --> 01:04:33,786
[MARYNA] They feel the love
that you giving to them.
1048
01:04:33,870 --> 01:04:37,290
And they are kind of, like, feeding on it.
1049
01:04:39,000 --> 01:04:40,710
Love is going both ways.
1050
01:04:42,837 --> 01:04:46,340
[NARRATOR] If we can learn
how to bring out the best in our felines,
1051
01:04:46,424 --> 01:04:48,801
they will bring out the best in us.
1052
01:04:50,803 --> 01:04:53,598
[IN RUSSIAN]
I can't imagine my life without cats.
1053
01:04:54,265 --> 01:04:57,393
They are my animals. I feel them.
1054
01:04:57,476 --> 01:05:00,980
And I hope they love me
as much as I love them.
1055
01:05:02,398 --> 01:05:04,525
[NARRATOR IN ENGLISH]
When everything comes together,
1056
01:05:04,609 --> 01:05:07,153
the results can be magical.
1057
01:05:08,029 --> 01:05:10,031
[TRIUMPHANT MUSIC PLAYS]
1058
01:05:23,002 --> 01:05:25,713
["WE ARE GOLDEN"
BY RAPHAEL LAKE & AARON LEVY PLAYS]
1059
01:05:35,514 --> 01:05:37,516
[MEOWING IN SLOW MOTION]
1060
01:05:41,187 --> 01:05:43,940
{\an8}♪ We never danced in the dark ♪
1061
01:05:45,066 --> 01:05:47,526
♪ It's all clear to see ♪
1062
01:05:49,362 --> 01:05:53,824
♪ Up with the skylark is our reality ♪
1063
01:05:57,495 --> 01:05:59,622
♪ One voice to another ♪
1064
01:06:01,248 --> 01:06:03,501
♪ One heartbeat ♪
1065
01:06:05,503 --> 01:06:08,089
♪ Sisters and brothers ♪
1066
01:06:08,172 --> 01:06:11,926
♪ We are the remedy, the remedy ♪
1067
01:06:12,009 --> 01:06:13,886
♪ We are golden ♪
1068
01:06:13,970 --> 01:06:15,513
♪ Yes, we are ♪
1069
01:06:16,013 --> 01:06:19,892
♪ Hear the thunder, see the stars ♪
1070
01:06:19,976 --> 01:06:23,396
♪ We are golden for all to see ♪
1071
01:06:24,063 --> 01:06:27,483
♪ We are golden, believe ♪
1072
01:06:27,984 --> 01:06:31,821
♪ We are golden for all to see ♪
1073
01:06:31,904 --> 01:06:35,574
♪ We are golden, believe ♪
1074
01:06:36,534 --> 01:06:37,910
♪ Believe ♪