1 00:00:18,477 --> 00:00:21,564 The Führer has given the order for physical extermination… 2 00:00:21,856 --> 00:00:25,568 literally… I had heard these words for the first time. 3 00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:28,070 I know that all too well. 4 00:00:28,463 --> 00:00:31,422 LAWRENCE Eichmann is something of a logistical mastermind 5 00:00:31,466 --> 00:00:33,859 and he does this with full awareness 6 00:00:33,903 --> 00:00:37,646 that the result of deporting these Jewish persons 7 00:00:37,689 --> 00:00:41,432 to these killing centers is that they're going to be killed. 8 00:00:43,478 --> 00:00:44,740 Previously onThe Devil's Confession: 9 00:00:44,783 --> 00:00:46,350 The Lost Eichmann's Tapes. 10 00:00:46,394 --> 00:00:49,223 Israeli Attorney General Gideon Hausner 11 00:00:49,266 --> 00:00:51,355 is determined to find the tapes 12 00:00:51,399 --> 00:00:54,097 Willem Sassen recorded with Adolf Eichmann 13 00:00:54,141 --> 00:00:55,968 to prove he is the architect 14 00:00:56,012 --> 00:00:59,102 of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question. " 15 00:00:59,146 --> 00:01:01,235 Faced with the suspected interference 16 00:01:01,278 --> 00:01:04,238 from the West German, Israeli, and US governments 17 00:01:04,281 --> 00:01:06,327 in his attempts to secure the tapes, 18 00:01:06,370 --> 00:01:08,416 Hausner manages to somehow 19 00:01:08,459 --> 00:01:10,592 obtain transcripts of the recordings 20 00:01:10,635 --> 00:01:13,029 that include notes from Eichmann. 21 00:01:13,073 --> 00:01:16,815 But will the court allow them to be admitted into evidence? 22 00:01:16,859 --> 00:01:20,558 GIDEON Efforts have been made to obtain the manuscript, 23 00:01:20,414 --> 00:01:22,416 and indeed, it is now in our hands. 24 00:01:26,347 --> 00:01:27,826 MAN All rise! 25 00:01:27,870 --> 00:01:29,350 Adolf Eichmann. Adolf Eichmann. 26 00:01:29,757 --> 00:01:33,469 The extended arm of Hitler's evil regime. 27 00:01:33,658 --> 00:01:37,097 Nazis have always denied their role in the Holocaust. 28 00:01:37,014 --> 00:01:39,225 It could not have been me, 29 00:01:39,308 --> 00:01:41,060 because it was not my decision in such cases. 30 00:01:42,798 --> 00:01:45,148 After the war, many fled Europe, 31 00:01:45,192 --> 00:01:47,977 including the architect of the Final Solution- 32 00:01:48,020 --> 00:01:49,979 Adolf Eichmann. 33 00:01:50,022 --> 00:01:51,981 He's practically the last important Nazi 34 00:01:52,024 --> 00:01:54,679 who arrived in Argentina after the war. 35 00:01:56,594 --> 00:01:58,292 While hiding in Argentina, 36 00:01:58,335 --> 00:02:00,381 Eichmann records a series of interviews 37 00:02:00,424 --> 00:02:02,470 with Nazi journalist Willem Sassen, 38 00:02:02,513 --> 00:02:05,125 admitting his role in the Holocaust. 39 00:02:05,168 --> 00:02:07,736 Sassen came up with this crazy idea 40 00:02:07,779 --> 00:02:10,304 that he would interview the mastermind of the Holocaust. 41 00:02:10,347 --> 00:02:13,089 This is him boasting about what he did. 42 00:02:14,786 --> 00:02:16,832 The tapes are rediscovered. 43 00:02:16,875 --> 00:02:18,790 And now for the first time, 44 00:02:18,834 --> 00:02:20,749 we'll hear Eichmann admitting his crimes, 45 00:02:20,792 --> 00:02:23,795 a true Nazi confession. 46 00:02:36,949 --> 00:02:38,993 All rise! 47 00:03:00,528 --> 00:03:03,095 GIDEON Okay, so now take this text, 48 00:03:03,017 --> 00:03:05,895 analyze it sentence by sentence 49 00:03:05,978 --> 00:03:10,649 and tell us what is true and what is false. 50 00:03:14,361 --> 00:03:17,031 Take a look at the section I marked, 51 00:03:17,114 --> 00:03:21,702 "I wasn't an ordinary receiver of orders. 52 00:03:22,494 --> 00:03:24,914 If I was, I would be stupid. 53 00:03:25,372 --> 00:03:28,375 I was an idealist. " 54 00:03:28,709 --> 00:03:30,044 Did you say that? 55 00:03:31,211 --> 00:03:32,504 That's… 56 00:03:32,588 --> 00:03:38,719 I must say, this is completely made-up nonsense. 57 00:03:39,386 --> 00:03:43,724 Being an idealist has nothing to do with receiving or giving orders. 58 00:03:45,312 --> 00:03:49,098 Eichmann denies that the transcripts are his words, 59 00:03:49,141 --> 00:03:52,232 challenging Hausner to produce the original recordings. 60 00:03:53,842 --> 00:03:57,802 ADOLF I just thought of something, Mr. Prosecutor. 61 00:03:58,364 --> 00:04:04,161 You said that there are tapes. 62 00:04:05,454 --> 00:04:08,916 One should try to get these tapes. 63 00:04:09,458 --> 00:04:15,965 And it would prove if I said it or not. 64 00:04:16,256 --> 00:04:20,010 Look, I can do my job without advice. 65 00:04:20,094 --> 00:04:22,346 I ask that you tell me 66 00:04:23,097 --> 00:04:25,808 if you said those things or not? 67 00:04:29,747 --> 00:04:31,575 Eichmann plays full risk 68 00:04:31,619 --> 00:04:35,057 and is 100% sure that the tapes will never be heard 69 00:04:35,100 --> 00:04:38,234 because he knows what else is on these tapes. 70 00:04:38,278 --> 00:04:40,192 Hausner must convince the court 71 00:04:40,236 --> 00:04:42,978 of the validity of the transcripts 72 00:04:43,021 --> 00:04:45,589 before they can be admitted into evidence. 73 00:04:46,721 --> 00:04:49,767 We know that the tapes exist, 74 00:04:49,811 --> 00:04:51,552 because they exist to this day. 75 00:04:52,335 --> 00:04:54,816 Did the Israeli government know the tapes existed? 76 00:04:56,034 --> 00:04:58,254 And so the mystery, the enduring mystery, 77 00:04:58,298 --> 00:05:01,301 is why the people that had access to the tapes 78 00:05:02,127 --> 00:05:08,351 didn't tell the prosecutors that those tapes existed. 79 00:05:08,395 --> 00:05:11,876 As Hausner waits for a ruling on the transcripts' admission, 80 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:15,402 the trial continues in Jerusalem. 81 00:05:15,445 --> 00:05:18,100 And the Attorney General pursues a new strategy 82 00:05:18,143 --> 00:05:20,842 to prove that Eichmann is not just a simple bureaucrat, 83 00:05:20,885 --> 00:05:24,019 but also a cold-blooded murderer himself. 84 00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:28,871 After the middle of May 1944, 85 00:05:29,163 --> 00:05:31,540 we were led to a villa 86 00:05:32,624 --> 00:05:35,461 that later turned out to be the private residence of Adolf Eichmann. 87 00:05:37,254 --> 00:05:41,717 I saw him when I was digging, I heard shouting. 88 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:42,634 Yes. 89 00:05:43,218 --> 00:05:49,099 I saw Eichmann's driver walk over to one of the Jewish boys working with us, 90 00:05:49,183 --> 00:05:51,018 I knew him as Shalamon, 91 00:05:51,101 --> 00:05:52,478 and he yelled at him, 92 00:05:52,561 --> 00:05:55,064 "You stole cherries off the tree," 93 00:05:56,231 --> 00:06:00,569 and I saw Eichmann standing on the upper balcony. 94 00:06:00,903 --> 00:06:03,238 Then I saw the boy 95 00:06:03,322 --> 00:06:06,241 being pushed into the warehouse and locked up there. 96 00:06:06,325 --> 00:06:12,164 Then I heard horrible screams, pounding, beatings. 97 00:06:13,165 --> 00:06:17,127 The screams went on for 10-15 minutes. 98 00:06:17,628 --> 00:06:22,382 When I heard no more screams, the door opened, 99 00:06:22,466 --> 00:06:25,177 and Eichmann emerged. 100 00:06:25,886 --> 00:06:32,142 He left quickly and the boy's body was dragged out. 101 00:06:33,654 --> 00:06:38,136 On some level, Hausner still found it 102 00:06:38,180 --> 00:06:41,705 necessary to try to add: 103 00:06:41,749 --> 00:06:44,012 "And yes, he killed someone with his own hands. " 104 00:06:45,489 --> 00:06:49,952 In response to this question, I can only say 105 00:06:50,244 --> 00:06:54,540 that I have never killed a human being, 106 00:06:54,915 --> 00:06:58,043 that I have never beaten a human being to death, 107 00:06:58,127 --> 00:07:01,171 and that I have never hit a human being. 108 00:07:01,377 --> 00:07:04,685 LAWRENCE Eichmann only really becomes very agitated 109 00:07:04,728 --> 00:07:07,165 in really rebutting that claim. 110 00:07:07,209 --> 00:07:10,430 So he's really passionate about saying, 111 00:07:10,473 --> 00:07:12,257 "I didn't kill anyone with my own hands. " 112 00:07:12,997 --> 00:07:15,870 So I-I'm willing to give him the benefit of the doubt 113 00:07:15,913 --> 00:07:18,655 that he didn't beat anyone to death with his own hands. 114 00:07:18,699 --> 00:07:22,180 And ultimately, the judges did not accept that. 115 00:07:22,224 --> 00:07:24,226 But that has nothing to do 116 00:07:24,269 --> 00:07:25,706 with, again, the kind of nature 117 00:07:25,749 --> 00:07:28,360 of bureaucratic responsibility, 118 00:07:28,404 --> 00:07:31,146 which Hausner himself recognizes 119 00:07:31,189 --> 00:07:34,889 as the key crime that he's responsible for. 120 00:07:36,151 --> 00:07:38,675 MICHAEL Eichmann never shot anyone himself. 121 00:07:39,209 --> 00:07:41,545 He only shot with his pen. 122 00:07:42,838 --> 00:07:44,965 The commander of Auschwitz 123 00:07:45,591 --> 00:07:49,386 once asked him when he visited him 124 00:07:49,720 --> 00:07:53,807 if perhaps the babies could be spared, 125 00:07:53,891 --> 00:07:55,434 not be put 126 00:07:55,893 --> 00:07:59,104 with their parents in the gas chambers. 127 00:07:59,563 --> 00:08:04,276 Eichmann replied, and this appears in Rudolf Höss memoirs, 128 00:08:05,110 --> 00:08:08,614 the children must be exterminated, 129 00:08:08,697 --> 00:08:10,824 for they could grow up 130 00:08:11,533 --> 00:08:14,077 and want to seek revenge on us. 131 00:08:20,500 --> 00:08:21,877 That was Eichmann. 132 00:08:23,128 --> 00:08:24,171 To the end. 133 00:08:26,723 --> 00:08:29,857 On the tapes, Eichmann refers to the same man, 134 00:08:29,900 --> 00:08:32,207 the commander of the Auschwitz extermination camp, 135 00:08:32,250 --> 00:08:33,991 Rudolf Hoöss, as a role model. 136 00:08:35,950 --> 00:08:37,517 ADOLF And this is what Höss did. 137 00:08:38,352 --> 00:08:40,103 That's what he did. 138 00:08:40,562 --> 00:08:44,024 I told you already, he was not 139 00:08:44,107 --> 00:08:47,277 the brutal concentration camp commander 140 00:08:47,361 --> 00:08:50,113 one imagines with the face of a bulldog, 141 00:08:50,530 --> 00:08:54,117 he was a father to a load of children. 142 00:08:54,201 --> 00:08:58,163 He had sympathy for human needs and worries. 143 00:08:59,581 --> 00:09:02,918 He had orders that bound him. 144 00:09:03,377 --> 00:09:05,212 Had I received the order 145 00:09:05,462 --> 00:09:08,674 to gas Jews or shoot Jews, 146 00:09:09,383 --> 00:09:12,052 I would have executed these orders. 147 00:09:15,806 --> 00:09:17,015 Rudolf Höss, 148 00:09:17,933 --> 00:09:20,269 in the statements you know… 149 00:09:21,812 --> 00:09:24,940 - Yes, I met with Höss. - He was at your place in Budapest. 150 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:26,900 Yes, he visited me in Budapest. 151 00:09:27,192 --> 00:09:31,780 To determine Auschwitz's capacity to absorb Hungarian Jews? 152 00:09:31,863 --> 00:09:36,285 Even in Hungary, I was not giving orders, but receiving orders. 153 00:09:36,535 --> 00:09:42,833 He had to address the higher ranks. 154 00:09:45,933 --> 00:09:48,196 Hausner learns from the Sassen transcripts 155 00:09:48,239 --> 00:09:50,633 that Eichmann met Hoöss in Budapest. 156 00:09:55,072 --> 00:09:56,683 It is in Hungary where Eichmann commits 157 00:09:56,726 --> 00:09:59,468 perhaps his most heinous crime- 158 00:09:59,511 --> 00:10:02,950 the mass murder of Hungarian Jews towards the end of the war. 159 00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:07,694 Actually, you could conduct a trial solely 160 00:10:07,737 --> 00:10:10,348 around the Hungarian affair. 161 00:10:12,481 --> 00:10:16,006 Doing so would be quite convincing 162 00:10:16,050 --> 00:10:18,356 that the trial is a fair trial. 163 00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:20,358 Nobody would say any criticism 164 00:10:20,402 --> 00:10:23,187 about the handling of the trial and its outcome. 165 00:10:23,915 --> 00:10:29,796 In Sassen's transcript, page 737, 166 00:10:30,297 --> 00:10:33,091 you made a comparison between the various countries. 167 00:10:34,051 --> 00:10:35,969 As for Holland, you said, 168 00:10:36,345 --> 00:10:38,889 "It was a splendor how it was all rolling. " 169 00:10:39,639 --> 00:10:44,686 As for Denmark, you said,"It was almost a scandal," or similar words. 170 00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:47,397 And as for Hungary, you said, 171 00:10:47,814 --> 00:10:52,903 "Hungary really offered us the Jews like in a fire sale! 172 00:10:53,612 --> 00:10:56,239 Hungary was the only country 173 00:10:56,531 --> 00:10:59,618 for which we couldn't work fast enough. " 174 00:11:11,279 --> 00:11:14,586 HANNA Hungary was a relatively safe place for Jews 175 00:11:14,630 --> 00:11:18,634 during Second World War until May of 1944. 176 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:32,082 In Hungary still lives the largest community, 177 00:11:32,126 --> 00:11:35,172 untouched, about 800,000 Jews, 178 00:11:35,216 --> 00:11:38,567 and they are convinced that they will come out of the war 179 00:11:38,610 --> 00:11:40,134 completely unharmed. 180 00:11:45,356 --> 00:11:48,969 The Soviet army was standing at the Hungarian border. 181 00:11:49,796 --> 00:11:54,714 They were ready to cross the mountains into Hungary. 182 00:11:54,757 --> 00:11:56,672 What is clear at that point 183 00:11:56,716 --> 00:11:59,153 is that Germany is going to lose this war. 184 00:12:01,503 --> 00:12:05,550 For the Hungarian Jews, there was so much hope. 185 00:12:13,254 --> 00:12:14,995 Eichmann comes in 186 00:12:15,038 --> 00:12:17,040 and he organizes 187 00:12:17,084 --> 00:12:20,087 he deportation of Hungarian Jews. 188 00:12:23,394 --> 00:12:25,570 The people he brought with him 189 00:12:25,614 --> 00:12:29,792 were also all experienced deporters. 190 00:12:30,184 --> 00:12:32,664 They had deported Jews from all over Europe, 191 00:12:35,145 --> 00:12:36,668 and they knew how to do it. 192 00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:41,891 And they also knew that the Hungarian government 193 00:12:41,935 --> 00:12:43,719 would play along with them, 194 00:12:43,763 --> 00:12:45,112 the marionettes. 195 00:12:45,939 --> 00:12:47,636 He gets Hungarian railways, 196 00:12:47,679 --> 00:12:50,247 the Hungarian militia, the Hungarian police. 197 00:12:53,773 --> 00:12:55,687 Nazi law requires Jews 198 00:12:55,731 --> 00:12:58,212 in all communities across the occupied territories 199 00:12:58,255 --> 00:13:00,431 to form a Judenrat, 200 00:13:00,475 --> 00:13:03,086 a Jewish council of local leaders. 201 00:13:03,130 --> 00:13:05,567 Eichmann then sets about gaining the trust 202 00:13:05,610 --> 00:13:07,482 of these Jewish community leaders 203 00:13:07,525 --> 00:13:09,049 and puts pressure on them 204 00:13:09,092 --> 00:13:10,877 to help with the deportations. 205 00:13:13,227 --> 00:13:17,013 The Eichmann system is first of all to use pressure 206 00:13:17,057 --> 00:13:20,495 to help him organize deportations. 207 00:13:23,454 --> 00:13:26,066 When he arrives in Budapest, 208 00:13:26,109 --> 00:13:29,939 he has a meeting with the leaders of the Hungarian Jewish community. 209 00:13:30,940 --> 00:13:32,637 He says to them, 210 00:13:32,681 --> 00:13:34,814 "You know, you have to wear the yellow star 211 00:13:34,857 --> 00:13:36,119 and you have to pay for it yourself, 212 00:13:36,163 --> 00:13:37,555 but if you do what I say, 213 00:13:37,599 --> 00:13:38,861 everything will be okay. " 214 00:13:39,906 --> 00:13:41,733 I met a woman, 215 00:13:41,777 --> 00:13:43,387 she remembers her father coming home from the meeting 216 00:13:43,431 --> 00:13:46,086 and saying to her mother, 217 00:13:46,129 --> 00:13:47,827 "We can work with this man. " 218 00:13:50,917 --> 00:13:55,660 WILLEM "On March 31st, 1944 the Judenrat 219 00:13:53,583 --> 00:13:57,045 had a first discussion with Eichmann at the Majestic. 220 00:13:58,296 --> 00:14:01,299 'You don't know who I am? I am a bloodhound', 221 00:14:02,342 --> 00:14:04,511 Eichmann declared at that time. " 222 00:14:05,220 --> 00:14:07,681 Yes, maybe I said that, 223 00:14:07,931 --> 00:14:11,601 how shall I say, sarcastically, and… 224 00:14:12,394 --> 00:14:15,188 with a combination of humor and sarcasm. 225 00:14:16,064 --> 00:14:19,317 Just as I occasionally said 226 00:14:19,401 --> 00:14:21,945 to the important Jews, when I met them, 227 00:14:22,028 --> 00:14:23,446 when they arrived. 228 00:14:23,738 --> 00:14:27,075 Something like, "Do you know where you are? 229 00:14:27,576 --> 00:14:29,869 You are with the Tsar of the Jews, dear friend!" 230 00:14:30,579 --> 00:14:33,957 This is how I wanted to address them 231 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:39,045 so they wouldn't have worries or concerns. 232 00:14:39,963 --> 00:14:44,801 Because I am not the bloodhound that people accuse me of being. 233 00:14:51,891 --> 00:14:55,720 EVA Most of these Jewish families from the countryside 234 00:14:56,330 --> 00:14:59,724 believed that it could not happen with them. 235 00:14:59,768 --> 00:15:03,511 They will be deported for work in Germany 236 00:15:03,554 --> 00:15:07,689 and they prepared themselves also that way, 237 00:15:07,732 --> 00:15:10,474 so if you see what they brought, 238 00:15:10,518 --> 00:15:14,087 uh, these 50-kilogram packages, 239 00:15:14,130 --> 00:15:19,048 for example, a doctor prepared himself as a doctor. 240 00:15:19,092 --> 00:15:21,137 And then, 241 00:15:22,051 --> 00:15:26,012 of course, they believed that they will work as a doctor in Germany. 242 00:15:26,926 --> 00:15:29,450 Forced labor, but still work. 243 00:15:33,671 --> 00:15:35,978 I never ever heard 244 00:15:36,022 --> 00:15:39,764 about a letter to the mayor 245 00:15:39,808 --> 00:15:43,507 or to the school director 246 00:15:44,030 --> 00:15:47,642 asking, "What happened with my Jewish neighbors?" 247 00:15:48,034 --> 00:15:49,905 We must remember it 248 00:15:49,949 --> 00:15:54,040 as the most shameful event in Hungarian history. 249 00:15:54,083 --> 00:15:57,521 Such a united effort for that single purpose 250 00:15:57,565 --> 00:16:00,611 to deport and transport 251 00:16:00,655 --> 00:16:03,397 so many Hungarian 252 00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:06,574 fellow citizens from this country. 253 00:16:10,839 --> 00:16:12,972 GIDEON You told Sassen that Hungary was the only country 254 00:16:16,351 --> 00:16:20,480 in which you weren't able to keep up with the rate of deportations. 255 00:16:20,939 --> 00:16:22,941 That's what you said to Sassen, true? 256 00:16:23,024 --> 00:16:25,151 No, that cannot be true. 257 00:16:25,235 --> 00:16:30,782 Many things were written, as you said, Mr. Prosecutor, and this is not correct. 258 00:16:33,644 --> 00:16:35,472 During the trial, Eichmann 259 00:16:35,516 --> 00:16:37,474 adamantly denies responsibility 260 00:16:37,518 --> 00:16:40,303 for the massacre of Hungary's Jews. 261 00:16:40,347 --> 00:16:44,003 But on the tapes, Eichmann does not dispute his role 262 00:16:44,046 --> 00:16:47,702 and admits that the deportations happened quickly. 263 00:16:50,139 --> 00:16:54,535 WILLEM We have concluded that the deportations from… 264 00:16:55,932 --> 00:17:00,895 Hungary, under the leadership of the master 265 00:17:01,396 --> 00:17:04,190 were conducted in an exemplary manner. 266 00:17:05,859 --> 00:17:11,948 Can one say that in 46 days all this happened? 267 00:17:13,158 --> 00:17:14,534 It seems exaggerated. 268 00:17:15,994 --> 00:17:17,203 Too fast? 269 00:17:17,287 --> 00:17:19,164 Of course it happened fast. 270 00:17:19,247 --> 00:17:23,126 But 46 days seems a bit exaggerated to me. 271 00:17:24,794 --> 00:17:27,964 Maybe you are referring to 46 work days? 272 00:17:28,631 --> 00:17:32,218 But not in 46 days, 273 00:17:32,302 --> 00:17:33,970 meaning, a month and a half. 274 00:17:37,807 --> 00:17:44,063 There were only whispers and rumors 275 00:17:44,147 --> 00:17:49,319 about a place in Poland where terrible things are happening. 276 00:17:49,944 --> 00:17:53,323 But the people who were deported to Auschwitz, 277 00:17:53,656 --> 00:17:58,203 they all sent a postcard that said the same thing, 278 00:17:58,453 --> 00:18:02,040 that they feel fine, that they're working, something like that. 279 00:18:02,123 --> 00:18:06,461 These were uniform postcards that were sent to the relatives. 280 00:18:10,001 --> 00:18:11,612 HANNA My own mother 281 00:18:11,655 --> 00:18:15,181 arrived in Auschwitz in September of 1944. 282 00:18:15,224 --> 00:18:19,228 She didn't know what is that place. 283 00:18:19,272 --> 00:18:20,751 Where did she arrive to? 284 00:18:20,795 --> 00:18:22,144 We have an album, 285 00:18:22,188 --> 00:18:24,059 the Auschwitz album, 286 00:18:24,103 --> 00:18:27,323 which has pictures of one of the transports from Hungary. 287 00:18:27,367 --> 00:18:29,630 You see people very well-dressed, 288 00:18:29,673 --> 00:18:32,807 standing in a very idyllic forest 289 00:18:32,850 --> 00:18:35,853 like on a lovely Sunday picnic. 290 00:18:35,897 --> 00:18:40,293 They are standing in circles. they are sitting on the ground. 291 00:18:40,336 --> 00:18:42,077 Some of them are laughing. 292 00:18:42,904 --> 00:18:45,863 The gap between what you see in the pictures 293 00:18:45,907 --> 00:18:49,954 and what you know that will happen in the next half an hour, 294 00:18:49,998 --> 00:18:53,741 it is a completely classical illustration 295 00:18:53,784 --> 00:18:56,178 of the way Eichmann 296 00:18:56,222 --> 00:18:58,920 cheated his victims 297 00:18:58,963 --> 00:19:02,532 to believe that no harm will happen to them. 298 00:19:03,533 --> 00:19:08,538 MARTIN Once we arrived in Auschwitz, we got an order to get out. 299 00:19:08,481 --> 00:19:12,026 And I saw my wife. How did I recognize her? 300 00:19:12,402 --> 00:19:16,739 My daughter was wearing a red coat 301 00:19:17,490 --> 00:19:21,661 and that red dot was the sign 302 00:19:21,744 --> 00:19:25,456 that she is there 303 00:19:25,832 --> 00:19:31,880 and the dot became smaller and smaller. 304 00:19:34,507 --> 00:19:37,969 I walked away and never saw her again. 305 00:19:42,849 --> 00:19:44,684 When I heard that, 306 00:19:45,226 --> 00:19:47,937 I fell silent. Why? 307 00:19:48,771 --> 00:19:52,442 Because my daughter was two and a half years old 308 00:19:53,276 --> 00:19:57,196 and shortly before that I bought her a red coat. 309 00:19:58,948 --> 00:20:02,076 I couldn't get a word out of my mouth. 310 00:20:05,204 --> 00:20:07,540 Even before we entered the barracks, 311 00:20:07,916 --> 00:20:12,503 a command came down: all the boys to the soccer field. 312 00:20:12,962 --> 00:20:15,840 Those days were the pinnacle of Auschwitz. 313 00:20:16,549 --> 00:20:22,013 Within seven weeks, from May 16 to June 10, 314 00:20:22,430 --> 00:20:28,978 438,000 Jews were brought to Auschwitz on 150 trains. 315 00:20:32,065 --> 00:20:37,528 Four chimneys emitted flames and black smoke day and night. 316 00:20:37,612 --> 00:20:42,075 When those didn't suffice, they dug pits and burned bodies to ashes. 317 00:20:43,284 --> 00:20:44,744 It was horrible. 318 00:20:45,203 --> 00:20:49,499 Some days the smoke did not rise into the sky, 319 00:20:49,582 --> 00:20:52,168 but spread over the Auschwitz camp 320 00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:55,880 and covered the camp with a black cloud. 321 00:21:01,303 --> 00:21:04,088 To prove that Eichmann played a key role in Hungary, 322 00:21:04,132 --> 00:21:06,526 Hausner calls witnesses to testify 323 00:21:06,569 --> 00:21:08,963 that knew Eichmann during that time. 324 00:21:11,562 --> 00:21:13,815 - Do you see the defendant here? - Yes. 325 00:21:13,898 --> 00:21:15,984 Can you identify him? 326 00:21:20,530 --> 00:21:26,536 In my memory, Herr Obersturmbannführer Eichmann. 327 00:21:27,120 --> 00:21:29,747 is in uniform, in high boots, 328 00:21:30,707 --> 00:21:37,088 standing with his legs spread and his hand on the gun in his belt, 329 00:21:37,797 --> 00:21:42,969 shouting at me in a tone that was so characteristic of the "Master Race. " 330 00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:49,392 But despite that, I know that this is him. 331 00:21:53,688 --> 00:21:58,026 When did you find out what was being done to the Jews in Auschwitz? 332 00:21:58,359 --> 00:22:01,446 I received letters once, and among them 333 00:22:01,529 --> 00:22:05,908 was the report on Auschwitz. 334 00:22:07,076 --> 00:22:08,745 It says 335 00:22:08,828 --> 00:22:15,543 that to date, one million and 450 thousand 336 00:22:15,626 --> 00:22:16,461 Jews have been killed. 337 00:22:17,336 --> 00:22:22,091 Detailed, in France, numbers. 338 00:22:25,136 --> 00:22:26,763 And the last sentence - 339 00:22:27,221 --> 00:22:32,393 "And now we are preparing to receive the Jews of Hungary. " 340 00:22:36,773 --> 00:22:39,942 Our leaders fed us sedatives in the ghettos so that we don't revolt! 341 00:22:40,026 --> 00:22:41,944 Silence in the court. 342 00:22:44,906 --> 00:22:48,242 I request silence once again and this is the last time! 343 00:22:49,744 --> 00:22:52,789 Get this man out of here. I am stopping the session. 344 00:22:57,854 --> 00:23:01,380 RONI Only once during the trial did someone from the gallery cry out: 345 00:23:01,902 --> 00:23:05,427 "You, the Jewish leadership, you saved yourselves. 346 00:23:05,471 --> 00:23:08,865 You ran away. " 347 00:23:08,909 --> 00:23:11,346 The man crying out from the crowd during the testimony 348 00:23:11,390 --> 00:23:13,609 is no accident. 349 00:23:13,653 --> 00:23:15,437 He accuses Hungarian community leaders 350 00:23:15,481 --> 00:23:17,178 of collaborating with the Nazis 351 00:23:17,221 --> 00:23:18,832 and abandoning their people. 352 00:23:22,575 --> 00:23:24,359 Gideon Hausner's great fear 353 00:23:24,403 --> 00:23:26,100 was that the trial would be riddled 354 00:23:26,143 --> 00:23:29,277 with accounts between the Jews and themselves. 355 00:23:30,060 --> 00:23:32,715 There were Jews who collaborated with the Nazis. 356 00:23:32,759 --> 00:23:34,325 There's no hiding that. 357 00:23:34,935 --> 00:23:37,677 ADOLF You can imagine that with such people, 358 00:23:37,708 --> 00:23:40,128 Storfer, Löwenherz, Eppstein, 359 00:23:40,211 --> 00:23:42,755 that one Jewish lawyer Kasztner… 360 00:23:45,641 --> 00:23:47,426 On the tapes, Eichmann mentions 361 00:23:47,469 --> 00:23:49,297 various Jewish leaders. 362 00:23:49,340 --> 00:23:51,952 Among them is Israel Kasztner, 363 00:23:51,995 --> 00:23:55,521 a Hungarian community leader and representative of the Zionist movement 364 00:23:55,564 --> 00:23:57,740 that will become the Israeli government. 365 00:24:00,047 --> 00:24:02,745 The story of Kasztner and the accusations against him, 366 00:24:02,789 --> 00:24:04,878 both during and after the war, 367 00:24:04,921 --> 00:24:06,270 are so controversial 368 00:24:06,314 --> 00:24:08,316 that the mention of his name 369 00:24:08,359 --> 00:24:10,318 is probably something Ben-Gurion and his government 370 00:24:10,361 --> 00:24:13,103 would prefer to keep out of the Eichmann trial. 371 00:24:16,977 --> 00:24:20,459 The image of Kasztner hovers over Eichmann's trial. 372 00:24:21,068 --> 00:24:24,071 Kasztner arranged for a train 373 00:24:24,114 --> 00:24:28,423 of around 1,600 prominent Hungarian Jews, 374 00:24:28,467 --> 00:24:31,034 including members of his own family, 375 00:24:31,078 --> 00:24:34,603 to basically, um, go to Switzerland. 376 00:24:34,647 --> 00:24:37,606 And one of the questions that, uh, arose 377 00:24:37,650 --> 00:24:42,524 was whether Kasztner was a collaborator with the devil. 378 00:24:44,265 --> 00:24:46,746 The devil in question is Eichmann. 379 00:24:46,789 --> 00:24:50,097 After the war, Kastner is accused by many Jewish survivors 380 00:24:50,140 --> 00:24:52,012 of collaborating with the Nazis 381 00:24:52,055 --> 00:24:54,884 to keep the nature of the deportations a secret 382 00:24:54,928 --> 00:24:58,322 in exchange for the freedom of those he managed to save. 383 00:25:01,151 --> 00:25:03,806 There are Jews in Hungary, 384 00:25:03,850 --> 00:25:07,114 survivors to this day and certainly their offspring, 385 00:25:08,028 --> 00:25:11,510 who feel that Kasztner could have warned them and didn't. 386 00:25:12,206 --> 00:25:16,079 Kasztner insisted he did warn, he did tell in the underground 387 00:25:16,123 --> 00:25:19,474 and that he did save more Jews than anybody else saved, 388 00:25:19,518 --> 00:25:20,867 more Jews than Schindler. 389 00:25:23,434 --> 00:25:25,828 And this had become a cause céIèbre 390 00:25:25,872 --> 00:25:28,527 in the first years of the State of Israel, 391 00:25:29,745 --> 00:25:33,836 because it raised the question of dealing with the devil. 392 00:25:38,711 --> 00:25:43,106 SUZANNE My father told me, 393 00:25:40,122 --> 00:25:43,042 "You'll hear a lot of bad things about your dad. " 394 00:25:44,210 --> 00:25:48,923 I remember laughing, because he didn't know how much I already knew. 395 00:25:49,632 --> 00:25:52,677 He was spit on. He couldn't get on a bus. 396 00:25:53,678 --> 00:25:55,763 He couldn't buy a newspaper. 397 00:25:56,055 --> 00:25:58,140 They actually spat in his face. 398 00:25:58,599 --> 00:26:00,309 I got spit on too once. 399 00:26:02,728 --> 00:26:06,857 My parents didn't know that I was beaten up and got stones hurled at me. 400 00:26:07,692 --> 00:26:11,821 That I was tossed into a pit of lime and almost died. 401 00:26:16,966 --> 00:26:18,664 We haven't yet heard, have we, 402 00:26:18,707 --> 00:26:21,667 what happened to these Jews from Hungary? 403 00:26:21,710 --> 00:26:23,277 Later, at the Nuremberg Trials, 404 00:26:23,320 --> 00:26:24,583 Kasztner testifies 405 00:26:24,626 --> 00:26:26,585 on behalf of accused Nazis. 406 00:26:29,152 --> 00:26:31,546 When asked why he would do such a thing, 407 00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:33,940 Kasztner astonishes everyone by admitting that he'd done so 408 00:26:33,983 --> 00:26:36,595 at the request of the provisional Israeli government. 409 00:26:38,248 --> 00:26:40,468 But many deny Kasztner's claims. 410 00:26:45,386 --> 00:26:49,738 SUZZANE Father was sent to the Nuremberg Trials on behalf of the Jewish Agency 411 00:26:49,984 --> 00:26:52,486 and the Israeli government. It's as simple as that. 412 00:26:54,405 --> 00:26:57,325 I found all the documents related to the trip, 413 00:26:57,742 --> 00:26:59,452 also the expenses he received. 414 00:27:04,498 --> 00:27:07,543 And when he said so, they said he's lying. 415 00:27:17,287 --> 00:27:20,421 It is clear that Ben-Gurion is denying this. 416 00:27:20,464 --> 00:27:23,380 The leadership of the settlement would not protect people 417 00:27:23,424 --> 00:27:26,645 who were involved in the murder of Jews in Europe. 418 00:27:26,688 --> 00:27:30,823 It's unfathomable, it's unforgivable. 419 00:27:30,866 --> 00:27:33,695 Kasztner feels abandoned by the Israeli government, 420 00:27:33,739 --> 00:27:37,220 knowing they fear he will reveal the reason for his testimony. 421 00:27:39,745 --> 00:27:43,749 On the night between March 3rd and 4th, when he returned to his home, 422 00:27:43,792 --> 00:27:46,795 three assassins were waiting outside the building 423 00:27:48,101 --> 00:27:50,886 and shot him. 424 00:27:55,412 --> 00:27:57,937 Ten days later, he passed away. 425 00:27:58,511 --> 00:28:00,513 He knew they were going to murder him. 426 00:28:00,971 --> 00:28:02,139 He knew. 427 00:28:05,768 --> 00:28:07,978 I came home from school 428 00:28:08,062 --> 00:28:09,730 and he called me over 429 00:28:09,814 --> 00:28:12,525 and there was an urgency in his voice, 430 00:28:12,608 --> 00:28:14,610 as if to say, if he didn't tell me now, 431 00:28:14,693 --> 00:28:16,487 he may never have the chance. 432 00:28:16,570 --> 00:28:19,698 That I should always remember - he tried his best 433 00:28:19,782 --> 00:28:22,743 to save as many Jews as possible. 434 00:28:26,052 --> 00:28:28,184 Kasztner dies, never revealing the reason 435 00:28:28,228 --> 00:28:31,318 for his testimony in Nuremberg. 436 00:28:31,361 --> 00:28:33,537 The secrets he knew about the Israeli government 437 00:28:33,581 --> 00:28:35,322 are thought to be safe forever. 438 00:28:37,933 --> 00:28:41,763 But just four years later, the risk of the secrets being revealed returns 439 00:28:41,807 --> 00:28:45,593 when the possibility of Sassen's tapes being heard in court emerges. 440 00:28:48,378 --> 00:28:54,341 The tapes contain information that connects to Kasztner's testimony in Nuremberg. 441 00:28:54,384 --> 00:28:58,649 Eichmann discusses a Nazi officer named Kurt Becher, 442 00:28:58,693 --> 00:29:03,698 who is one of the men that Kasztner testifies for at the trials. 443 00:29:03,742 --> 00:29:08,007 Becher manages the assets seized from the Hungarian Jews, 444 00:29:08,050 --> 00:29:11,445 including companies like Manfred Weiss Steel, 445 00:29:11,488 --> 00:29:15,057 which had 40,000 employees during the war. 446 00:29:15,101 --> 00:29:17,494 And Eichmann mentions on the tapes. 447 00:29:21,934 --> 00:29:23,283 WILLEM Was it Becher 448 00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:25,890 who led the negotiations regarding the takeover 449 00:29:25,973 --> 00:29:28,934 - of the Manfred Weiss enterprise? - Yes. 450 00:29:29,351 --> 00:29:33,272 Followed the negotiations between Eichmann and Kasztner 451 00:29:33,355 --> 00:29:36,400 and reported to Himmler about the progress? 452 00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:40,039 Years later, a possible reason 453 00:29:40,082 --> 00:29:43,782 for Kasztner's testimony at Nuremberg is revealed. 454 00:29:43,825 --> 00:29:46,001 Declassified documents confirm 455 00:29:46,045 --> 00:29:48,787 that the young State of Israel used funds 456 00:29:48,830 --> 00:29:52,616 that Kurt Becher seized from Jewish families during the war 457 00:29:52,660 --> 00:29:54,531 to obtain arms. 458 00:30:02,496 --> 00:30:04,541 Ben-Gurion feared that at the Eichmann trial 459 00:30:04,585 --> 00:30:07,631 people would discover what he had managed to hide. 460 00:30:07,675 --> 00:30:09,329 He somehow managed to shift the blame 461 00:30:09,372 --> 00:30:11,592 against him and the Zionist leadership 462 00:30:11,635 --> 00:30:14,247 for what they did or didn't do, vis a vis the Nazis. 463 00:30:14,290 --> 00:30:17,076 He feared that everything would be revealed with Eichmann 464 00:30:17,119 --> 00:30:19,252 and he didn't want the Sassen interview. 465 00:30:19,295 --> 00:30:21,950 Ben-Gurion is scarred from the Kasztner affair. 466 00:30:24,605 --> 00:30:27,608 The Israeli leadership learns from the "Life" article 467 00:30:27,651 --> 00:30:29,175 that Kasztner helps Eichmann 468 00:30:29,218 --> 00:30:30,654 to keep the Hungarian Jews 469 00:30:30,698 --> 00:30:32,743 from resisting deportation 470 00:30:32,787 --> 00:30:35,137 in exchange for allowing a few hundred Jews 471 00:30:35,181 --> 00:30:37,531 train passage to Switzerland. 472 00:30:37,574 --> 00:30:40,360 And they fear what else might be revealed. 473 00:30:44,581 --> 00:30:46,583 Hausner's request that the transcripts of the Sassen 474 00:30:46,627 --> 00:30:49,586 Sassen interviews be admitted into evidence 475 00:30:49,630 --> 00:30:51,980 once again creates a sense of concern 476 00:30:52,024 --> 00:30:55,854 on the part of the Israeli government. 477 00:30:55,897 --> 00:30:59,161 But Eichmann's lawyer, Servatius, objects to their admittance 478 00:30:59,205 --> 00:31:02,034 based on the fact that there is no way to prove 479 00:31:02,077 --> 00:31:05,472 that the transcripts are Eichmann's actual words. 480 00:31:07,300 --> 00:31:11,608 JUDGE MOSHE We decide by a majority of opinions 481 00:31:09,285 --> 00:31:13,956 to accept as evidence from the Sassen document 482 00:31:14,456 --> 00:31:20,588 only things that were written in the defendant's handwriting. 483 00:31:21,672 --> 00:31:27,386 In this ruling, we dismiss the Attorney General's petition. 484 00:31:29,278 --> 00:31:31,541 The judges decide to disqualify 485 00:31:31,585 --> 00:31:34,936 the 700 pages of the Sassen transcripts, 486 00:31:34,980 --> 00:31:37,330 but makes an exception for a few pages 487 00:31:37,373 --> 00:31:40,072 where Eichmann's notes are clearly visible. 488 00:31:41,900 --> 00:31:45,642 There was no way that Hausner could actually verify 489 00:31:45,991 --> 00:31:49,342 the truthfulness of the transcripts themselves. 490 00:31:49,385 --> 00:31:51,561 Now, he did not have the audiotapes. 491 00:31:52,954 --> 00:31:56,305 Here my explanation begins to be within the realm of conspiracy. 492 00:31:56,349 --> 00:31:58,525 Because if this document is given life, 493 00:31:58,568 --> 00:32:01,180 it proves the accusations against Kasztner. 494 00:32:01,223 --> 00:32:03,138 It proves the allegations against Kasztner. 495 00:32:03,182 --> 00:32:04,792 It proves the allegations 496 00:32:04,835 --> 00:32:07,099 against the Zionist movement in Hungary, 497 00:32:07,142 --> 00:32:09,971 which is affiliated to the ruling party of the Israeli government. 498 00:32:10,015 --> 00:32:13,018 The Mossad hides many things about the Eichmann affair to this day 499 00:32:13,061 --> 00:32:16,499 and the Secret Service hides details about the Kasztner affair, 500 00:32:16,543 --> 00:32:17,979 because if these things are discovered 501 00:32:18,023 --> 00:32:20,808 even today, they will cause a storm. 502 00:32:20,851 --> 00:32:22,679 The fuse hasn't yet been neutralized. 503 00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:28,163 Much surrounding Kasztner's death remains a mystery. 504 00:32:28,207 --> 00:32:29,904 Three men with ties to a right-wing 505 00:32:29,948 --> 00:32:31,514 underground movement were arrested. 506 00:32:32,994 --> 00:32:34,778 They claimed they acted alone. 507 00:32:34,822 --> 00:32:36,519 Convicted of murder, 508 00:32:36,563 --> 00:32:37,956 they were sentenced to life in prison. 509 00:32:39,870 --> 00:32:43,178 But in 1963, just a year after the Eichmann trial, 510 00:32:43,222 --> 00:32:45,833 they were all mysteriously granted a full pardon 511 00:32:45,876 --> 00:32:47,748 and released from prison. 512 00:32:54,015 --> 00:32:56,583 While the tapes are never heard during the trial, 513 00:32:56,626 --> 00:32:59,020 Eichmann clearly says that Kasztner confronted him 514 00:32:59,064 --> 00:33:01,327 regarding the fate of his fellow Jews. 515 00:33:02,197 --> 00:33:05,722 ADOLF I set up the Central Department for Jewish Emigration. 516 00:33:06,777 --> 00:33:08,737 I couldn't fool these people, 517 00:33:08,821 --> 00:33:11,615 I couldn't tell them, "Guys, I don't know anything. " 518 00:33:11,699 --> 00:33:13,909 Or Kasztner, who told me 519 00:33:13,992 --> 00:33:16,370 I should stop the annihilation machine. 520 00:33:16,829 --> 00:33:19,331 He was so outrageous, he asked me directly 521 00:33:19,415 --> 00:33:22,042 what was happening to the Jews, etc… 522 00:33:22,292 --> 00:33:25,504 I can't say to him, "I don't know anything. " 523 00:33:28,049 --> 00:33:30,269 BETTINA Eichmann was so proud of himself. 524 00:33:30,312 --> 00:33:33,924 He was able to manipulate Kasztner and take advantage of him 525 00:33:35,143 --> 00:33:38,277 so that Kasztner could not get a true picture of reality. 526 00:33:42,107 --> 00:33:44,500 I believe that from this part of the tapes, 527 00:33:44,544 --> 00:33:47,895 the tough situation Kasztner was in becomes much clearer 528 00:33:47,938 --> 00:33:49,940 and appears in a different light. 529 00:33:49,984 --> 00:33:53,988 You get a much fairer perspective of it. 530 00:33:54,032 --> 00:33:56,338 The disqualification of the Sassen transcripts 531 00:33:56,382 --> 00:33:58,993 is a victory for the defense 532 00:33:59,037 --> 00:34:01,822 and a major blow to Attorney General Hausner's case against Eichmann. 533 00:34:04,477 --> 00:34:08,785 Since Eichmann denied that those were his words, 534 00:34:08,829 --> 00:34:12,702 even though his handwriting was on certain pages, 535 00:34:12,746 --> 00:34:14,617 you had to have the tapes. 536 00:34:16,141 --> 00:34:18,839 Naturally, Gideon Hausner would have given anything 537 00:34:18,882 --> 00:34:21,581 to be able to play the Eichmann recordings in court. 538 00:34:25,541 --> 00:34:27,717 And there was a rumor 539 00:34:27,761 --> 00:34:30,416 that the trial took so long, because he always hoped for it. 540 00:34:35,247 --> 00:34:38,815 Unable to locate the tapes or use the majority of the transcripts 541 00:34:38,859 --> 00:34:40,730 to prove Eichmann's guilt, 542 00:34:40,774 --> 00:34:43,646 Hausner summons the survivors of the Holocaust 543 00:34:43,690 --> 00:34:47,041 to confront Eichmann with the horrors his crimes inflicted. 544 00:34:48,670 --> 00:34:51,340 I call on Avraham Aviel. 545 00:34:51,872 --> 00:34:53,743 Avraham Aviel. Avraham Aviel. 546 00:34:56,833 --> 00:34:59,140 DEBORAH Today when you speak about survivors: 547 00:34:59,184 --> 00:35:02,404 "Our honored survivors," "our treasured survivors," 548 00:35:02,448 --> 00:35:06,539 but then there was even a feeling, common enough, 549 00:35:06,582 --> 00:35:10,891 that we know you must have stepped on someone to survive. 550 00:35:13,028 --> 00:35:15,405 Put the kippah on your head, 551 00:35:15,781 --> 00:35:17,241 your right hand on the Bible, 552 00:35:17,324 --> 00:35:20,536 say: I swear to God 553 00:35:20,619 --> 00:35:24,414 that my testimony in this trial 554 00:35:24,498 --> 00:35:29,711 will be the truth, the whole truth and only the truth. 555 00:35:30,003 --> 00:35:34,925 It was no pleasure saying that I came from the Holocaust. 556 00:35:35,759 --> 00:35:38,011 Because there were bad opinions too, 557 00:35:39,096 --> 00:35:43,141 that the Holocaust survivors are not decent people, 558 00:35:43,225 --> 00:35:45,185 they endured such trials and tribulations, 559 00:35:45,686 --> 00:35:47,271 they're not decent people, 560 00:35:47,688 --> 00:35:48,772 so they hid it. 561 00:35:48,856 --> 00:35:54,027 Tell us what happened on May 7, 1942. 562 00:35:55,028 --> 00:35:56,989 - They came from Lida… - Who? 563 00:35:57,072 --> 00:35:58,407 The Germans came, 564 00:35:59,116 --> 00:36:01,493 in battle uniform, 565 00:36:01,910 --> 00:36:04,371 armed with automatic weapons. 566 00:36:04,663 --> 00:36:06,039 My mother… 567 00:36:08,125 --> 00:36:10,377 said, "Children… 568 00:36:13,255 --> 00:36:15,299 say a prayer. 569 00:36:16,133 --> 00:36:17,843 We will die as Jews. " 570 00:36:20,929 --> 00:36:25,183 I didn't want to cry, I wanted them to hear the testimony. 571 00:36:26,977 --> 00:36:30,564 I took a breath to continue the testimony, 572 00:36:30,814 --> 00:36:32,900 I took a second… 573 00:36:33,650 --> 00:36:36,278 Gunfire rang out 574 00:36:37,321 --> 00:36:39,698 and they fell into the pit. 575 00:36:49,555 --> 00:36:51,209 The author Yehiel De-Nur, 576 00:36:51,252 --> 00:36:53,428 known by his pen name Ka-Tsetnik, 577 00:36:53,472 --> 00:36:55,952 writes books influenced by his time as a prisoner 578 00:36:55,996 --> 00:36:57,563 in the Auschwitz death camp. 579 00:36:58,346 --> 00:37:01,262 He told me that he did not want to testify. 580 00:37:01,306 --> 00:37:04,352 He was not sleeping, he couldn't eat. 581 00:37:04,396 --> 00:37:08,617 And Hausner put such a heavy pressure on him 582 00:37:08,661 --> 00:37:10,793 that his resistance broke. 583 00:37:10,479 --> 00:37:16,526 What is the reason you use the literary name Ka-Tsetnik, Mr. De-Nur? 584 00:37:17,844 --> 00:37:20,150 He took his pen name, Ka-Tsetnik, 585 00:37:20,194 --> 00:37:23,371 from the initials for the German word for "concentration camp" 586 00:37:23,415 --> 00:37:25,112 and the number that was tattooed 587 00:37:25,155 --> 00:37:27,593 on each prisoner's arm by the Nazis. 588 00:37:29,164 --> 00:37:31,959 Their name was 589 00:37:33,919 --> 00:37:37,464 the number Ka-Tsetnik. 590 00:37:38,548 --> 00:37:40,550 I see them… 591 00:37:41,510 --> 00:37:43,929 they are looking at me… 592 00:37:45,097 --> 00:37:47,683 - I see them… - Please sit, Mr… 593 00:37:48,183 --> 00:37:49,726 I remember… 594 00:37:51,436 --> 00:37:55,524 - No, Mr. De-Nur, listen to the prosecutor. - Then… 595 00:37:55,899 --> 00:37:59,403 Just a minute, listen to me, no, Mr. De-Nur. 596 00:38:03,657 --> 00:38:05,075 Quiet, quiet, quiet! 597 00:38:05,239 --> 00:38:08,024 HANNA In retrospect, Hausner was right. 598 00:38:08,068 --> 00:38:09,809 In the collective memory, 599 00:38:09,852 --> 00:38:13,203 the one testimony that was imprinted forcefully 600 00:38:13,813 --> 00:38:16,772 was that testimony of Ka-Tsetnik. 601 00:38:18,165 --> 00:38:22,125 ZVI Yechiel De-Nur, Ka-Tsetnik, fell unconscious. 602 00:38:22,634 --> 00:38:25,095 The audience in the courtroom stood up in astonishment 603 00:38:25,429 --> 00:38:27,556 and cleared a path for the stretcher bearers 604 00:38:27,973 --> 00:38:30,475 on which the witness lay and was taken to the hospital. 605 00:38:31,977 --> 00:38:37,107 My role was then the news coordinator of the Voice of Israel. 606 00:38:37,899 --> 00:38:42,571 Ka-Tsetnik's testimony was, in my opinion the most dramatic 607 00:38:43,572 --> 00:38:47,492 of the witness testimonies. 608 00:38:47,784 --> 00:38:50,620 Not only as a result of the Eichmann trial did 609 00:38:50,704 --> 00:38:54,499 more people become familiar with the Holocaust, 610 00:38:54,750 --> 00:38:59,463 they became familiar with the Holocaust of every single survivor, 611 00:38:59,546 --> 00:39:02,716 every survivor had a Holocaust of their own, 612 00:39:02,799 --> 00:39:04,217 I had my own Holocaust. 613 00:39:04,301 --> 00:39:08,597 People learned about that from the testimonies. 614 00:39:09,806 --> 00:39:13,685 It was possible to rely only on documents 615 00:39:14,394 --> 00:39:15,437 but… 616 00:39:16,688 --> 00:39:20,609 this would not have become the Holocaust trial. 617 00:39:22,142 --> 00:39:23,883 Miki Goldman serves 618 00:39:23,926 --> 00:39:26,146 as Hausner's assistant during the trial. 619 00:39:26,189 --> 00:39:29,367 One survivor's testimony will stick with him forever. 620 00:39:30,118 --> 00:39:37,125 He hit one boy 80 times 621 00:39:37,209 --> 00:39:39,377 with a stick. 622 00:39:39,461 --> 00:39:43,965 Do you see in court the boy that was hit 80 times? 623 00:39:47,260 --> 00:39:50,263 Everyone started to look to all around 624 00:39:50,347 --> 00:39:52,224 to see where the boy was sitting. 625 00:39:52,641 --> 00:39:55,227 It's the officer sitting next to Mr. Hausner. 626 00:40:00,732 --> 00:40:03,568 I was unable to move. 627 00:40:03,860 --> 00:40:07,364 It's a story I'm not eager to tell. 628 00:40:07,739 --> 00:40:12,577 Once I told it to a man and his wife 629 00:40:13,662 --> 00:40:19,501 and he said to her: these people suffered so much 630 00:40:20,627 --> 00:40:27,551 that at times they mix truth with fantasy. 631 00:40:27,634 --> 00:40:29,386 Then and there I decided 632 00:40:29,469 --> 00:40:33,140 that no one would hear that story from me anymore. 633 00:40:33,682 --> 00:40:37,018 It was the 81st blow that I received. 634 00:40:41,047 --> 00:40:45,399 DEBORAH I think there was a tendency, certainly amongst Israelis, 635 00:40:45,878 --> 00:40:49,925 to see survivors as the "Ghetto Jews. " 636 00:40:50,709 --> 00:40:54,190 They called them "Sabonim," the soaps, 637 00:40:54,234 --> 00:40:57,716 the people who were supposed to be made into soap. 638 00:40:58,673 --> 00:41:00,980 So, in other words, they're not like us. 639 00:41:01,023 --> 00:41:03,765 There was something fatally flawed about them 640 00:41:03,809 --> 00:41:06,855 that they allowed this to happen to them. 641 00:41:06,798 --> 00:41:11,303 We walked towards the pit. I turned my head. 642 00:41:11,386 --> 00:41:15,724 He asked me who to shoot first. 643 00:41:17,267 --> 00:41:19,811 I did not answer anything. 644 00:41:19,895 --> 00:41:23,106 I felt my daughter being torn away from me. 645 00:41:23,481 --> 00:41:27,944 I heard her last cry and how she was shot. 646 00:41:31,010 --> 00:41:33,969 GIDEON These people, these tongue-tied people, 647 00:41:34,013 --> 00:41:36,450 they'll never be again the same as they were before 648 00:41:36,494 --> 00:41:41,411 Hitler came there and before the roof caved in on them. 649 00:41:41,934 --> 00:41:44,284 Uh, there is something traumatic 650 00:41:44,327 --> 00:41:47,287 in their make-up which will never be good again. 651 00:41:48,027 --> 00:41:51,552 AMOS My father wanted there to be a trial of testimonies, 652 00:41:51,509 --> 00:41:54,095 look what a visionary he was. 653 00:41:54,179 --> 00:41:56,306 We have hardly any survivors. 654 00:41:58,850 --> 00:42:01,144 - Is that it? Can we get started? - Please. 655 00:42:01,228 --> 00:42:02,812 Can this light…? 656 00:42:03,396 --> 00:42:04,564 Yes, that's it. 657 00:42:06,132 --> 00:42:09,091 At the conclusion of the witnesses' testimony, 658 00:42:09,135 --> 00:42:10,789 Hausner confronts Eichmann 659 00:42:10,832 --> 00:42:12,617 with irrefutable evidence 660 00:42:12,660 --> 00:42:15,533 of the atrocities committed by the Nazis. 661 00:42:23,453 --> 00:42:26,544 All the lights were off in the courtroom 662 00:42:27,632 --> 00:42:30,591 and documentary pictures or news pictures 663 00:42:30,635 --> 00:42:32,898 were being projected on the wall. 664 00:42:33,986 --> 00:42:38,817 Bodies being bulldozed into a death pit. 665 00:42:39,121 --> 00:42:40,253 Awful! 666 00:42:43,735 --> 00:42:45,824 But we had one camera on Eichmann 667 00:42:47,086 --> 00:42:49,784 and it looked as if he was laughing. 668 00:42:56,356 --> 00:42:59,925 This was the first time you could see who's Eichmann, 669 00:42:59,968 --> 00:43:01,230 what he felt like. 670 00:43:06,105 --> 00:43:09,804 ADOLF I had recurring encounters with the dead 671 00:43:09,921 --> 00:43:12,340 and I always had the same feeling. 672 00:43:12,757 --> 00:43:16,261 I still remember seeing the ones that were burnt, I told you already, 673 00:43:16,511 --> 00:43:20,140 my knees shook. 674 00:43:22,142 --> 00:43:23,393 Do you know what I said? 675 00:43:24,644 --> 00:43:25,770 You will laugh. 676 00:43:26,438 --> 00:43:29,607 "I believe in God, the Father almighty, the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, 677 00:43:29,691 --> 00:43:32,652 died under Pontius Pilate," and so on and so on 678 00:43:32,902 --> 00:43:36,281 "resurrected from the dead…" and so on, 679 00:43:37,157 --> 00:43:39,784 to stop my knees from shaking. 680 00:43:40,035 --> 00:43:42,746 Otherwise, I would have felt embarrassed. 681 00:43:43,913 --> 00:43:46,499 As a Obersturmbannführer Colonel in uniform, 682 00:43:46,583 --> 00:43:49,210 wearing a thick leather coat, 683 00:43:49,294 --> 00:43:53,173 with ranks on my shoulders, saying, "I feel nauseous. " 684 00:44:05,512 --> 00:44:07,340 Finally, Gideon Hausner 685 00:44:07,383 --> 00:44:10,473 provides one last crucial piece of evidence. 686 00:44:10,517 --> 00:44:12,650 Towards the end of the war, 687 00:44:12,693 --> 00:44:15,217 Eichmann commits perhaps his most devilish crime, 688 00:44:15,261 --> 00:44:19,395 as it becomes clear that Germany is going to lose the war. 689 00:44:19,439 --> 00:44:21,702 REPORTER It is certainly great news 690 00:44:21,746 --> 00:44:23,486 when we heard that the 7th British armored division, 691 00:44:23,530 --> 00:44:25,097 the "Desert Rats" is in action in France 692 00:44:25,140 --> 00:44:27,665 and the Germans don't like it. 693 00:44:27,708 --> 00:44:29,667 They know to their cost what it is to come in contact with them. 694 00:44:30,755 --> 00:44:35,673 There was a vision among some leading Nazis, Himmler among them, 695 00:44:35,716 --> 00:44:39,546 that there would emerge some kind of Nazi Germany without Hitler. 696 00:44:39,589 --> 00:44:41,548 And there came 697 00:44:41,591 --> 00:44:44,943 the order from Himmler 698 00:44:44,986 --> 00:44:46,945 to stop the deportations. 699 00:44:48,686 --> 00:44:51,732 And still, there was this one transport 700 00:44:51,776 --> 00:44:56,345 that Eichmann sent against Himmler's order to Auschwitz. 701 00:44:59,218 --> 00:45:01,046 He could say whatever he wanted, 702 00:45:01,089 --> 00:45:06,007 being a small wheel in a big engine 703 00:45:06,051 --> 00:45:07,705 and obeying orders. 704 00:45:07,748 --> 00:45:11,186 At this point, he went against orders 705 00:45:11,230 --> 00:45:15,103 and he killed 2,000 people. 706 00:45:18,541 --> 00:45:21,196 His insane fanaticism in Hungary, 707 00:45:21,240 --> 00:45:24,504 where he even went behind the back of his great superior, 708 00:45:24,547 --> 00:45:26,201 Heinrich Himmler. 709 00:45:26,245 --> 00:45:29,161 He made moves he was not allowed to do 710 00:45:29,204 --> 00:45:32,817 just to finally accomplish one achievement 711 00:45:32,860 --> 00:45:35,297 written on his own name, Adolf Eichmann. 712 00:45:42,391 --> 00:45:46,787 Without the tapes, the biggest challenge Hausner faced 713 00:45:46,831 --> 00:45:50,748 was to break Eichmann during the cross-examination, 714 00:45:50,791 --> 00:45:54,534 to admit that he was a key person 715 00:45:54,577 --> 00:45:57,798 in the execution of the "Final Solution. " 716 00:45:58,799 --> 00:45:59,974 Hausner failed. 717 00:46:00,018 --> 00:46:02,150 Eichmann did not break 718 00:46:02,847 --> 00:46:04,979 through the cross-examination. 719 00:46:07,515 --> 00:46:11,102 I'm showing you a section from the Sassen document 720 00:46:11,561 --> 00:46:16,065 that has many corrections in your handwriting. 721 00:46:16,774 --> 00:46:23,448 Look at the segment in parentheses in red pencil. 722 00:46:23,698 --> 00:46:25,200 Page 282. 723 00:46:29,287 --> 00:46:31,122 You said the following, 724 00:46:31,789 --> 00:46:34,375 "And now, in conclusion, I must tell you, 725 00:46:35,543 --> 00:46:38,588 I regret nothing. 726 00:46:38,922 --> 00:46:41,466 I am unwilling to regret. 727 00:46:41,799 --> 00:46:44,093 I must tell you honestly, 728 00:46:44,177 --> 00:46:47,805 had we put 10 million Jews to death, 729 00:46:48,056 --> 00:46:49,849 then I would say with satisfaction, 730 00:46:50,350 --> 00:46:54,771 'good, we have exterminated an enemy'." 731 00:46:55,647 --> 00:46:56,606 That's what you said. 732 00:46:56,689 --> 00:46:58,650 No, I didn't say that. 733 00:46:59,484 --> 00:47:01,528 I definitely didn't say that. 734 00:47:04,656 --> 00:47:08,576 …and now I want to tell you… to conclude… 735 00:47:10,245 --> 00:47:12,121 all these recordings: 736 00:47:13,540 --> 00:47:16,000 I regret nothing. 737 00:47:17,460 --> 00:47:20,380 Every fiber of my being resists 738 00:47:22,840 --> 00:47:24,259 to say that… 739 00:47:25,426 --> 00:47:30,598 we did something wrong. No. 740 00:47:33,643 --> 00:47:36,437 I must tell you honestly, 741 00:47:37,772 --> 00:47:42,402 had we killed 10.3 million Jews, 742 00:47:44,070 --> 00:47:47,949 then, I would be satisfied. 743 00:47:48,950 --> 00:47:50,994 And would say, 744 00:47:51,411 --> 00:47:56,207 good… we have exterminated an enemy. 745 00:47:59,627 --> 00:48:03,089 Then we would have fulfilled our task. 746 00:48:04,257 --> 00:48:06,593 But since it is not the case…. 747 00:48:09,178 --> 00:48:13,099 I still have some brief questions here… 748 00:48:14,225 --> 00:48:17,478 It's harsh what I am telling you, I know it… 749 00:48:17,562 --> 00:48:19,814 and I will be judged. 750 00:48:20,565 --> 00:48:25,153 If I'm… so harsh in my wording. 751 00:48:25,236 --> 00:48:30,658 But I can't tell you anything other than… That's the truth. 752 00:48:31,367 --> 00:48:33,244 Why should I deny it? 753 00:48:34,787 --> 00:48:36,331 Right? 754 00:48:39,876 --> 00:48:41,753 No, I didn't say that. 755 00:48:42,503 --> 00:48:44,547 I definitely didn't say that. 756 00:48:45,882 --> 00:48:49,010 This has been patched together out of… 757 00:48:49,093 --> 00:48:51,596 It's a combination of imagination and truth. 758 00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:53,306 That is not my question. 759 00:48:53,389 --> 00:48:57,602 The question is if the transcript is right? 760 00:48:57,685 --> 00:49:03,524 I can't give a detailed and precise answer to that, 761 00:49:03,608 --> 00:49:06,361 because I was under the influence of alcohol 762 00:49:06,444 --> 00:49:09,947 and I don't know if I was under the influence of alcohol in this moment. 763 00:49:10,031 --> 00:49:13,201 Under the influence of alcohol or not, 764 00:49:13,284 --> 00:49:15,912 did you say those things or not? 765 00:49:16,245 --> 00:49:17,872 I don't remember. 766 00:49:17,955 --> 00:49:21,668 If you want to continue making a fool of yourself, go ahead. 767 00:49:21,751 --> 00:49:22,835 Excuse me? 768 00:49:23,586 --> 00:49:26,839 If you want to keep making a fool of yourself, then go ahead. 769 00:49:26,923 --> 00:49:33,137 I don't want to make a fool of myself, I'm just saying that I don't know 770 00:49:33,221 --> 00:49:35,598 and I have only one thing… 771 00:49:35,932 --> 00:49:40,353 I officially ask to have the recordings. 772 00:49:42,066 --> 00:49:43,676 Hausner later wrote in his book, 773 00:49:43,719 --> 00:49:45,547 Justice In Jerusalem, 774 00:49:45,591 --> 00:49:47,245 "I wanted to get the Sassen tapes 775 00:49:47,288 --> 00:49:48,637 to bring Eichmann's defense 776 00:49:48,681 --> 00:49:51,640 to a complete standstill. 777 00:49:51,684 --> 00:49:55,122 Then he could hardly have been able to deny his own voice. " 778 00:49:55,166 --> 00:49:57,168 Hausner also mentions in the book 779 00:49:57,211 --> 00:49:59,300 that an anonymous source 780 00:49:59,344 --> 00:50:01,346 offered him the opportunity to purchase the recordings, 781 00:50:01,389 --> 00:50:04,305 with one condition: 782 00:50:04,349 --> 00:50:07,874 that he could not play them in the courtroom during the trial. 783 00:50:07,917 --> 00:50:10,877 Hausner refuses, and the Sassen recordings 784 00:50:10,920 --> 00:50:13,706 are never played at the Eichmann trial. 785 00:50:18,537 --> 00:50:21,061 Why those tapes didn't appear 786 00:50:21,105 --> 00:50:23,977 and make it possible to introduce as a confession 787 00:50:24,499 --> 00:50:29,200 Eichmann's own words? Why didn't they appear at the trial? 788 00:50:29,243 --> 00:50:32,986 The answer to that question has great moral consequences. 789 00:50:33,030 --> 00:50:35,684 If there is one thing that is very clear today, 790 00:50:36,337 --> 00:50:38,339 it's that the abduction of Eichmann 791 00:50:38,905 --> 00:50:43,344 hit the most sensitive part in the semi-secret relations 792 00:50:43,388 --> 00:50:45,303 between Israel and Germany, 793 00:50:45,346 --> 00:50:48,741 or, if you like, between Ben-Gurion and Adenauer. 794 00:50:50,438 --> 00:50:52,484 Adenauer had a meeting 795 00:50:52,527 --> 00:50:54,529 with the director of the Israel Mission in Germany. 796 00:50:57,619 --> 00:50:59,882 And he said something scandalous: 797 00:50:59,926 --> 00:51:02,581 If Israel agrees that we stop these trials 798 00:51:02,624 --> 00:51:05,888 and don't start chasing after Nazis all over the world, 799 00:51:06,585 --> 00:51:09,196 I will promote the diplomatic relations. 800 00:51:16,943 --> 00:51:21,252 We got the tapes in 1999 801 00:51:21,295 --> 00:51:24,777 from a newspaper in Switzerland. 802 00:51:25,256 --> 00:51:28,128 We knew that this newspaper 803 00:51:28,172 --> 00:51:31,436 bought these tapes from the family of Eichmann. 804 00:51:32,219 --> 00:51:34,700 Can you tell us who is the owner of the tapes? 805 00:51:35,092 --> 00:51:39,748 We have signed that we won't tell who the owner is. 806 00:51:42,186 --> 00:51:46,015 Sassen always knew the value of the Eichmann recordings. 807 00:51:46,059 --> 00:51:47,713 Just before his death, 808 00:51:47,756 --> 00:51:50,194 he gives the tapes to the Eichmann family, 809 00:51:50,237 --> 00:51:52,631 likely in an attempt to, in some way, 810 00:51:52,674 --> 00:51:56,722 make up for his betraying his fellow Nazi comrade. 811 00:51:56,765 --> 00:51:58,811 Around the same time, 812 00:51:58,854 --> 00:52:01,727 Sassen is secretly filmed by an Argentinian filmmaker 813 00:52:01,770 --> 00:52:04,121 and asked about his sessions with Eichmann. 814 00:52:04,860 --> 00:52:07,646 MAN And he came to you to write his memories? 815 00:52:07,583 --> 00:52:08,960 Yes. 816 00:52:09,210 --> 00:52:13,798 We can give this book a title: "Accountant of Death" 817 00:52:15,633 --> 00:52:20,429 And… "Accountant of Death. " 818 00:52:20,888 --> 00:52:24,058 Yes, you have not killed anyone. I know. 819 00:52:25,059 --> 00:52:26,769 You have been an accountant. 820 00:52:27,937 --> 00:52:32,608 And… That was something, those sessions… 821 00:52:36,237 --> 00:52:40,116 Now, are we finally done with this recording? 822 00:52:40,449 --> 00:52:44,745 No, actually not, I have a few more pages of questions, 823 00:52:45,413 --> 00:52:48,416 but we can do this quickly. 824 00:52:48,916 --> 00:52:50,877 We're not done with the book? 825 00:52:50,960 --> 00:52:57,592 That's why I just gave my little concluding talk. 826 00:52:58,801 --> 00:53:00,177 That hardly matters. 827 00:53:00,928 --> 00:53:03,347 But what do you say about these things, 828 00:53:03,431 --> 00:53:05,766 which so spontaneously came from my heart? 829 00:53:05,850 --> 00:53:09,520 - What do you say, Comrade Sassen? - I'm quite intrigued. 830 00:53:09,604 --> 00:53:10,646 Intrigued? 831 00:53:10,938 --> 00:53:12,356 Yes, very important. 832 00:53:13,581 --> 00:53:15,453 TIMOTHY We are very fortunate 833 00:53:15,496 --> 00:53:18,630 that due to Sassen's delusions 834 00:53:18,673 --> 00:53:21,415 and Eichmann's vanity, 835 00:53:21,459 --> 00:53:23,939 we have an incontrovertible confession 836 00:53:24,940 --> 00:53:27,508 from the architect of the Holocaust. 837 00:53:27,552 --> 00:53:30,207 So the tapes... the legacy of the tapes, 838 00:53:31,164 --> 00:53:33,253 it's hopeful, 839 00:53:33,297 --> 00:53:37,779 which means that there's hope that big lies can be exploded. 840 00:53:38,302 --> 00:53:41,827 Perpetrators of such crimes 841 00:53:41,870 --> 00:53:44,090 should never feel comfortable 842 00:53:45,178 --> 00:53:46,875 that they can get away with them. 843 00:53:46,919 --> 00:53:49,182 They might have been sure in 1959, 844 00:53:50,227 --> 00:53:53,317 but after 1960, 845 00:53:54,143 --> 00:53:58,191 they could never quite sleep as soundly and that was a good thing. 846 00:54:04,784 --> 00:54:09,497 This court sentences Adolf Eichmann to death. 847 00:54:33,574 --> 00:54:35,533 GABRIEL That man, Eichmann, whose sole purpose was to destroy the Jewish people, 848 00:54:39,944 --> 00:54:43,280 had to stand trial in an Israeli court 849 00:54:43,656 --> 00:54:50,246 with the symbol of the State of Israel on the wall behind the judges, 850 00:54:50,496 --> 00:54:53,833 for me, that is an unforgettable moment. 851 00:54:54,917 --> 00:54:59,505 It's something that provided us with extraordinary satisfaction. 852 00:55:01,674 --> 00:55:03,759 It was six months after the liberation. 853 00:55:04,135 --> 00:55:06,303 You see this shirt? 854 00:55:06,595 --> 00:55:10,641 A Jewish U.S. Army officer who liberated us said, 855 00:55:10,725 --> 00:55:13,477 "Come, boy, the war is over for you, 856 00:55:13,561 --> 00:55:15,229 come, let me dress you nicely. " 857 00:55:15,730 --> 00:55:19,900 This is the shirt. I've kept it with me until this day. 858 00:55:23,237 --> 00:55:26,741 "I shall not die, but live, and declare the works of the Lord, 859 00:55:26,824 --> 00:55:30,745 the Lord hath chastened me sore; but He hath not given me over unto death. " 860 00:55:31,120 --> 00:55:34,290 And you will be able to tell future generations 861 00:55:34,373 --> 00:55:37,460 that you heard about Auschwitz firsthand. 862 00:55:39,003 --> 00:55:45,843 The fact that the Jewish people arose and are able to judge their murderers, 863 00:55:45,926 --> 00:55:52,558 we are a nation that cannot be trampled on. 864 00:55:58,006 --> 00:56:00,182 MICHAEL The first time I visited Auschwitz, 865 00:56:04,653 --> 00:56:10,034 in the same barracks I had been in Birkenau then, 866 00:56:10,117 --> 00:56:11,744 I put on Tefillin and prayed. 867 00:56:15,164 --> 00:56:16,707 I put on Tefillin and prayed. 868 00:56:26,050 --> 00:56:32,056 The human revenge is five children, 869 00:56:32,139 --> 00:56:38,020 12 grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, a wonderful wife. 870 00:56:39,230 --> 00:56:42,525 That's my personal revenge, but there is no revenge, 871 00:56:44,026 --> 00:56:45,444 it is consolation. 872 00:56:50,189 --> 00:56:52,147 TAMI He didn't leave the Holocaust 873 00:56:52,076 --> 00:56:56,038 and the Holocaust didn't leave him, not for a single day. 874 00:56:57,123 --> 00:57:03,546 And I think that… it wouldn't be farfetched to say 875 00:57:03,629 --> 00:57:07,550 that it also brought him closer to his end, 876 00:57:08,926 --> 00:57:12,930 because his soul was scorched opposite that glass booth. 877 00:57:13,764 --> 00:57:17,601 He really turned into a different person.