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Edition
www.trigon-film.org
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Allende, the people support you!
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When I was a young filmmaker,
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I was lucky that Chris Marker
came to Chile.
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He liked my first film,
"The First Year",
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about Salvador Allende's
first months in power.
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He took it to France and organized
its release in movie theaters there.
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We exchanged many letters.
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It was as if I were doing
a correspondence course in film.
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I was thrilled.
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Later on, when we were making
The "Battle of Chile",
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he gave me some advice
that I remember well:
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"When you want to film a fire,
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"you must be ready at the place
where the first flame will appear."
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MY IMAGINARY COUNTRY
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On October 18, 2019,
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a social outburst set Chile on fire.
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This time, I wasn't able to film the first flame.
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One year later,
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when I arrived with my camera,
I was reunited with my old friends
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the stones of the Cordillera.
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They are scattered around,
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there are many of them.
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As if it had been raining stones.
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The young people, here,
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seem to have very clear ideas.
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They are preparing something
that I wasn't expecting.
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I see they are determined to take risks.
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They are united by a single purpose
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and they act as if
they were one single body.
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Without leaders, without ideologies.
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This is new.
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These are the accessories
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that I use to protect myself.
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With the hood on, it's better.
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It protects me from the tear gas.
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Do you always wear the flowers?
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Yes, this hood is a part of me.
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Why do you wear the flowers?
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I think the flowers represent me.
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I also have them tattooed on my body.
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They represent me so much that...
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In fact,
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with the revolt, I've blossomed.
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I could put it like that.
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The uprising gave me strength,
it gave me life.
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Being able to help people,
to fight for my people,
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that's something that touched me here.
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I have nothing to do with politics.
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I'm not a member of any party.
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And I'm not the only one.
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There are many of us who think this way.
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We might be killed.
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I have a son, I'm doing this for him.
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If they kill me,
he'll live with my memory.
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If I lose an eye,
I'll still be there for him.
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If they hurt my legs, I'll carry on.
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If the cops arrest me,
I'll suffer, but they'll let me go.
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So nobody must worry, I'll be alright.
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Look after my son.
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Look after him
and if anything happens to me,
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take him in and look after him.
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That's what I say to myself
each time I leave home.
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I know that each time I leave,
I may not return.
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But we must do this
so that they listen to us,
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so they pay attention to us.
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Because there are people
who have nothing to eat.
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It happened to me.
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I had to pay for university
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and I had no money left
to feed myself or my son.
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He is nine years old.
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He's a big boy.
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He's nine years old.
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He has his own hood.
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He covers one eye
when he sees the cops.
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He detests the cops,
but I didn't influence him.
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It's because of what he sees on TV.
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They showed things on TV.
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Afterwards, it was censured,
but that's another subject.
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He saw it on social media.
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Videos.
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He wanted to be a police officer.
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I would say to him:
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"Tomás, it's your decision.
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"I live my life as I want to,
you must do the same.
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"I won't say anything.
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"But don't be a cop with no morals.
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"I didn't bring you up that way."
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And he would reply:
"I will be a good cop."
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Dumb cops!
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Cops, I'm ashamed of you!
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Murdering cops!
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Bastards!
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Murderers!
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We're all on the frontline.
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Everyone is equally important.
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Some are braver than others,
that's for sure,
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but we are all on the frontline,
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from those who carry the shields,
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to the families sitting on the grass
with their banners.
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I believe we are all equally important.
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It is thanks to us
that this is becoming reality.
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That's what scares
the cops and the State.
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We are acting out of love,
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we act because we are courageous
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and because we must fight.
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We are courageous.
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I wonder, how is it possible
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that I am facing
a second revolution in Chile?
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What happened
that woke up an entire country?
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Each time I came back,
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I noticed that Chile
was turning into a shopping mall,
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a display window that didn't show
what was behind it.
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That lasted for thirty years.
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Meanwhile,
three fearless generations were born.
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When I was young,
I lived through a revolution
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that was led by the political parties.
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Today, the movement
is wary of the political parties
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and of all the institutions.
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I wonder how it all began?
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In October 2019,
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subway fares increased by thirty pesos.
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I never imagined
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that this would be the spark
that set the country on fire.
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Fare dodging,
is another way of fighting
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If you don't jump you're a cop!
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Not paying your subway ticket
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was an expression
of anger and furious indignation.
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The conflict spread.
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Fires were started, stores attacked,
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pharmacies and banks were looted.
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A mixture of things
that were hard to understand.
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There was an atmosphere
of liberation, adventure,
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and street fights.
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On October 19,
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the President of the Republic,
Sebastián Piñera,
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declared a state of emergency.
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We are at war
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against an enemy who is powerful,
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ruthless,
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who respects nothing and nobody,
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who is willing to use violence
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and delinquency without limits,
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even when that involves
loss of human life.
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An enemy willing to burn our hospitals,
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our subways, our grocery stores
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with one sole objective:
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to create the maximum possible damage.
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I had never seen,
other than under the military regime,
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a head of State
deciding to call in the army
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to resolve social conflict.
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As a Chilean,
seeing the soldiers in the street
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reminds me of the coup d'État.
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The people's rejection of them
was immediate.
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Soldiers get lost!
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On Friday October 25,
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1,200,000 people
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gathered in Plaza Baquedano.
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I had never seen anything like it.
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They told their president:
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"You are wrong, we are not at war!"
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It was the biggest people's protest
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in the history of Chile.
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I am moved to see an entire country
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breaking the silence
with such determination.
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I don't think anybody had foreseen
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the effect of the revolt
that altered the soul of Chile.
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It was very strange
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to enter a subway station
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and to go out
into a very different Chile.
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I came out of Santa Lucía station
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and there were people with saucepans.
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They were shouting and walking
towards Plaza Dignidad.
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I burst into tears.
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Seeing people shouting
and waving banners.
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People I never imagined
I would see at protests.
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And I began to cry.
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I took my friend's hand and said to her:
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"We've been saying it for years."
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We've always spoken about this.
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People have realized
that we are exploited.
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This system is permanently oppressing
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women, the disadvantaged,
the rural areas, the laborers.
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It was very moving
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to see the image
of a woman with a banner
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that demanded a rise
in pensions or a new model,
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while banging her saucepan.
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She could be my grandmother
who wasn't able to be there,
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but people are protesting for her
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and for all the victims
of this shameful pension system.
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It was amazing to come out of the subway
into a different world,
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a different Chile,
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the Chile in which I'd wanted to live
for a long time.
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CHILE WITHOUT FEAR
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I dream of a different society.
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I want to live in a Chile
that offers basic standards of living.
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Not even dignified,
just basic, such as housing.
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Some children, in the shanty towns,
do their homework on the floor.
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The State has never taken measures
to give them a decent home.
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We will fight for what we deserve,
which is dignity.
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That is all I hope for of this Chile
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that we are starting to build.
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It woke up, it woke up
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Chile has woken up!
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"Outburst" isn't the word,
it was more of a relief
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to be able to go outside
and speak or shout your mind.
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People were laughing and dancing.
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One week later, there was that big march
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that was more carefully planned.
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There were banners, etc.
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But on that Friday, it was chaos.
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A marvelous chaos.
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There were people dancing,
older women...
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I still can't quite believe it.
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But I'm left with the feeling
of a wonderful buzz,
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as if the soul has returned to the body.
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"It's strange, I am on fire.
We are on fire!"
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That was the start
of the social outburst.
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It was the beginning,
when the young people revolted.
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I remember the emotion
I felt at that moment.
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People were so happy.
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There was no fear
and the students were so moved.
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They were worked up and angry too.
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The fear disappeared.
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The young people had had enough
of poverty, of exploitation
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and of precariousness.
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And all of a sudden, they did this.
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This is a photo
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of the frontline
who were defending the protesters.
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Those stones were the people's weapons.
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They broke the ground with hammers.
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They banged relentlessly
to release the paving stones.
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Those stones were their only weapons.
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For me,
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this Chile, riddled with bullets,
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this half-destroyed Chile
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is being transformed.
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It is a Chile in flames.
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This flag dotted with holes
symbolizes the bullets
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that they shot at us.
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During the first days of the protests,
everything was improvised.
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People only wore their hoods.
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Then, they realized
there was a real danger,
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a real danger in the streets.
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The protesters could be badly wounded
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or they could die.
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"I want you to take a photo
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"just of my mutilated eye."
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I asked him if he was sure,
because it would be intense.
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He said: "I want this to be seen.
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"In Chile, human rights
are systematically violated.
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"Look what they did to me,
they burst my eye!
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"They shot at my face
from less than 20 meters.
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"I want people to know that.
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"Please, take a photo of me."
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Cameras played a fundamental role
in this revolt.
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They couldn't repress,
kill or torture us more
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because there were ten cameras
filming what they were doing.
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That is also the reason
why we became targets.
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All those who, like me, were observing,
journalists and photographers,
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we became targets and were shot at.
262
00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:20,840
They shot me in the eye.
263
00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:22,920
The impact...
264
00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:28,520
was very brutal.
265
00:24:28,680 --> 00:24:30,720
I felt a pain...
266
00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:34,160
I had never felt anything like it.
267
00:24:34,320 --> 00:24:37,520
It felt like my head
was going to explode.
268
00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:39,280
I felt...
269
00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:43,360
With the impact,
270
00:24:43,520 --> 00:24:47,680
I felt that my eye
had knocked against my skull.
271
00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:51,040
It was atrocious.
272
00:24:51,640 --> 00:24:54,080
I fell to the ground, I lost my balance.
273
00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:58,240
I was terrified
as I couldn't see anything.
274
00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:01,920
I saw a dark shadow
275
00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:04,760
in my wounded eye.
276
00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:06,800
Your left eye?
277
00:25:08,120 --> 00:25:10,600
You can no longer see well with that eye?
278
00:25:10,760 --> 00:25:14,280
I can see rays of light on the sides.
279
00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:17,880
It is still inflamed.
280
00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:21,880
Looking on the bright side,
it could have been worse.
281
00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:24,120
At least I don't need a prosthesis.
282
00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:28,240
But they have still done me
terrible damage.
283
00:25:32,280 --> 00:25:35,760
I felt alone,
nobody could understand how bad it was
284
00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:39,120
to lose your sight
when it's your work tool.
285
00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:41,480
Why did it happen to me?
286
00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:44,840
Why wasn't I wounded
in the face or an arm,
287
00:25:45,040 --> 00:25:47,560
why did it have to be my eye?
288
00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:21,600
Your silence is an accomplice
289
00:26:22,120 --> 00:26:24,920
Of the gunshots, of the abuse
290
00:26:25,120 --> 00:26:26,480
Of the humiliation!
291
00:26:26,640 --> 00:26:29,320
Your silence is an accomplice
292
00:26:30,120 --> 00:26:34,240
Of the lies, the violence
and the harassment!
293
00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,360
Your silence is an accomplice
294
00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:40,240
Of the powerlessness, of the pain
295
00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:43,480
Of the failure of your conscience!
296
00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:46,400
Your silence is an accomplice
297
00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:51,440
Of the pepper spray, of the contempt
and of the blindness!
298
00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:54,000
Your silence is an accomplice
299
00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:17,520
I've been a first aid worker
for one year.
300
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:20,520
I never could have imagined
301
00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:22,640
everything that I've seen.
302
00:27:22,800 --> 00:27:24,560
So many seriously wounded...
303
00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:28,600
A panic attack is serious.
People think they are dying.
304
00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:31,640
But concerning physical health,
305
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:34,600
we've had deaths.
There's nothing more serious.
306
00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:37,240
I've had to deal with eye injuries,
307
00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:39,880
open fractures,
people who've been run over.
308
00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:43,480
Now, all that is par for the course.
309
00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:21,120
I had never experienced confrontation.
310
00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:25,120
I'm not somebody who fights,
I'm a peacemaker.
311
00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:28,240
But the fear is there
and I will never get rid of it.
312
00:28:28,400 --> 00:28:32,480
The fear that I feel because of
what I've seen and experienced,
313
00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:35,920
it won't go away,
I'll always be afraid of the authorities.
314
00:28:36,120 --> 00:28:38,680
When it's curfew time, I rush home.
315
00:28:38,840 --> 00:28:43,320
Not because I respect the curfew
but because I'm afraid of the military.
316
00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:46,080
Especially because I'm a woman
317
00:28:46,400 --> 00:28:48,520
and they have weapons of war.
318
00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:08,800
As a first-aid worker,
I've experienced extreme situations.
319
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:12,760
I've received blows from a baton.
320
00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:15,560
Colleagues had to protect us
from military attacks
321
00:29:15,720 --> 00:29:17,160
while we performed first aid.
322
00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:19,640
They've thrown tear gas at us.
323
00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:22,920
We have to wear shields
and protective gear.
324
00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:25,040
Not because we have to kneel down,
325
00:29:25,200 --> 00:29:29,360
but to avoid being wounded
by the military.
326
00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:31,720
We are medical staff.
327
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:34,040
Our role is precious.
328
00:29:34,200 --> 00:29:36,800
Without us, there would be more deaths.
329
00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:40,600
We had to protect ourselves
because we were in real danger.
330
00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:59,000
People aren't protesting
for just one reason.
331
00:29:59,160 --> 00:30:02,440
The people we see in the streets,
after this first stage,
332
00:30:02,600 --> 00:30:05,640
are people who feel
a general dissatisfaction.
333
00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:09,040
That won't alter with one law change.
334
00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:11,200
It would be a start,
335
00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:13,200
but right now, they have
336
00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:16,120
parents who receive a pathetic pension,
337
00:30:16,280 --> 00:30:18,600
a brother dying of cancer,
338
00:30:18,760 --> 00:30:21,520
children who are forced into debt
to study,
339
00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:24,800
or to whom the banks won't give a loan.
340
00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:29,200
These things will surely change,
but people need immediate solutions.
341
00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:34,000
They don't want to give up and go home.
342
00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:38,040
They finally feel part of a movement
and can voice their discontent.
343
00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:57,320
What unites us are our moral values,
our ethical values.
344
00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:01,480
It's a question of civic-mindedness,
it's fundamental.
345
00:31:01,640 --> 00:31:04,600
What we have in common is saving lives.
346
00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:08,840
Colleagues of mine have shielded me
and been shot at
347
00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:11,720
to protect me
while I was giving first aid.
348
00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:14,760
Nothing could unite us more than that.
349
00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:28,520
It's touching to hear the young say:
350
00:32:29,680 --> 00:32:33,200
"I can't stand seeing
my grandparents forced to work,
351
00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:36,240
"selling things in the street
to survive."
352
00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:38,920
It makes me want to cry
353
00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:42,600
when I see a 17-year-old boy
354
00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:46,080
collecting the garbage,
355
00:32:46,720 --> 00:32:50,680
who looks at me and says:
"Yes, I had to give up school
356
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:55,400
"because I have to help
my grandparents and my parents,
357
00:32:55,800 --> 00:32:57,640
"as they are fragile.
358
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:01,440
"I will try to go back to school.
359
00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:05,440
"But for now, I'm doing this
and I'm proud of it
360
00:33:05,600 --> 00:33:07,240
"because I'm supporting my family."
361
00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:13,080
One year has passed since October 18,
362
00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:17,000
and not a single measure has been taken
363
00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:19,800
to help
364
00:33:20,760 --> 00:33:24,400
and reassure all those who have nothing
365
00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:28,320
and who urgently need state help.
366
00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:31,000
One year has passed.
367
00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:34,680
Not one single measure has been taken
368
00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:38,360
to say to those people:
"The system will help you."
369
00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:40,400
How many women
370
00:33:40,560 --> 00:33:43,680
represent the majority
of poor families today,
371
00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:45,320
heads of the household,
372
00:33:45,480 --> 00:33:49,240
without a man
to help them raise their children?
373
00:33:49,400 --> 00:33:52,400
73% of babies in this country
374
00:33:52,560 --> 00:33:54,880
are born out of wedlock.
375
00:33:55,440 --> 00:33:57,240
73%!
376
00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:01,360
We don't know how many women
make up these poor households,
377
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:03,880
we only know that they count
for more than 60%.
378
00:34:04,080 --> 00:34:06,640
But how many are there
and in which municipalities?
379
00:34:06,800 --> 00:34:11,040
We would only need to compare data
and to go find them.
380
00:34:11,200 --> 00:34:15,080
These women need urgent help.
381
00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:20,120
These are the women who are protesting.
382
00:34:22,640 --> 00:34:25,240
They have nobody
to look after their children
383
00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:27,480
so they can't go out to work.
384
00:34:28,240 --> 00:34:30,000
They don't receive any help at all.
385
00:34:30,680 --> 00:34:32,360
I see them every day
386
00:34:33,040 --> 00:34:34,800
and I'm left speechless.
387
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:39,360
During the dictatorship,
women had to search for their partners
388
00:34:39,520 --> 00:34:41,720
who were prisoners
389
00:34:42,840 --> 00:34:45,600
in the concentration camps
or who had disappeared.
390
00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:47,840
They travelled all over the country
391
00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:52,320
to look for them in the barracks,
morgues or hospitals.
392
00:34:53,000 --> 00:34:54,600
Afterwards, they went out to work,
393
00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:58,480
washing clothes for others,
cleaning houses,
394
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:00,720
then, little by little,
395
00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:04,640
they became housewives again.
396
00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:07,560
This time, there will be no going back.
397
00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:12,720
This movement will have the face
and the voice of women.
398
00:35:14,880 --> 00:35:17,800
There will be no going back
in this country.
399
00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:22,520
Women are furious.
400
00:35:24,520 --> 00:35:26,200
And they are right.
401
00:35:28,040 --> 00:35:29,880
They are totally right.
402
00:35:37,360 --> 00:35:39,920
The youngest women, the students,
403
00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:43,200
often speak of sexual freedom.
404
00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:45,440
I think they are right,
405
00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,640
because the right to make love
is a human right.
406
00:35:49,240 --> 00:35:50,400
Of course.
407
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:53,840
Women have been denied this right
for centuries.
408
00:35:56,480 --> 00:35:58,920
But there are many women
409
00:35:59,120 --> 00:36:02,160
who, forced to clean offices
from morning to night,
410
00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:04,440
their hands are covered...
411
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:07,880
with cracked skin.
412
00:36:09,040 --> 00:36:11,800
They can't even caress their children.
413
00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:16,040
They come home exhausted
to make food for their children
414
00:36:16,720 --> 00:36:19,800
and notice that one of them
has new sneakers.
415
00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:23,520
They don't even ask
where the shoes came from,
416
00:36:23,680 --> 00:36:26,800
because they already know:
the drug traffickers!
417
00:36:27,880 --> 00:36:31,560
Those women don't even think
about making love.
418
00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:36,560
They just want somebody
to help them raise their children.
419
00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:40,280
It has never been said
420
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:44,280
that making love was a human right
that had to be defended.
421
00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:46,360
For women.
422
00:36:57,920 --> 00:36:59,720
How long have you lived here?
423
00:36:59,880 --> 00:37:03,280
I've been in this camp for nine months.
424
00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:04,840
What will happen here?
425
00:37:05,040 --> 00:37:07,040
I'm fighting to obtain housing.
426
00:37:07,200 --> 00:37:10,000
I'm head of the Housing Committee
"Towards a reality".
427
00:37:10,160 --> 00:37:12,720
That's the name of our school too.
428
00:37:12,880 --> 00:37:15,000
I cannot give up.
429
00:37:16,240 --> 00:37:18,560
People here don't trust the politicians?
430
00:37:18,720 --> 00:37:21,920
They are just lining their pockets.
431
00:37:22,120 --> 00:37:26,280
Here, thousands of people have turned up:
432
00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:28,360
counsellors, deputies,
433
00:37:28,520 --> 00:37:31,200
from all over,
from each municipality.
434
00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:34,640
All those idiots, sorry to say it,
435
00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:36,680
they only think of getting rich.
436
00:37:36,840 --> 00:37:40,440
They turn up here
to take advantage of us,
437
00:37:40,600 --> 00:37:42,840
to benefit from our needs.
438
00:37:43,280 --> 00:37:46,000
That's the truth, damn it!
439
00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:48,920
We don't see them here
the rest of the year,
440
00:37:49,120 --> 00:37:51,800
they only come before the elections.
441
00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:54,920
It proves they think only
of themselves, not the people.
442
00:37:56,080 --> 00:37:57,800
Come get some candy!
443
00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:01,480
Irma, did you tell the kids?
444
00:38:03,400 --> 00:38:06,680
Tell them to come get some candy.
445
00:38:10,600 --> 00:38:12,920
No, it's for the under 14's.
446
00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:16,760
Those who live here know the reality.
447
00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:18,760
People may criticize the camps
448
00:38:18,920 --> 00:38:22,600
because it's true,
you can find delinquents here.
449
00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:25,640
But there are families too,
not just delinquents.
450
00:38:25,800 --> 00:38:27,680
I have three daughters, a husband.
451
00:38:27,840 --> 00:38:31,160
We are a family
who came here to find a home.
452
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:34,320
We want our own space, some comfort.
Do you see?
453
00:38:34,480 --> 00:38:37,760
You have to live here
to be able to speak of our reality.
454
00:38:37,920 --> 00:38:41,880
Others can't talk about it,
they haven't lived here.
455
00:38:42,080 --> 00:38:44,240
They've never stepped
outside their bubble.
456
00:38:44,400 --> 00:38:48,120
They've never lacked
a piece of bread or some milk.
457
00:38:48,640 --> 00:38:52,000
That is what we are fighting for:
equality!
458
00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:56,120
We are fighting for that together,
as a community.
459
00:38:56,280 --> 00:39:00,400
There was a feeling of victory,
a beautiful atmosphere in the square.
460
00:40:04,840 --> 00:40:08,080
THE STATE IS RESPONSIBLE
461
00:40:12,880 --> 00:40:14,280
We heard
462
00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:17,520
the noise of a saucepan in the distance.
463
00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:20,520
And Nati said to me:
464
00:40:21,640 --> 00:40:23,000
"A saucepan!"
465
00:40:23,560 --> 00:40:24,880
She got up,
466
00:40:25,080 --> 00:40:27,920
we picked up a saucepan and we began
467
00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:30,760
to bang it.
We didn't stop to think.
468
00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:34,080
After one hour,
469
00:40:34,240 --> 00:40:37,760
it had become this amazing orchestra.
470
00:40:38,240 --> 00:40:42,160
We went out into the streets
where people were gathering.
471
00:40:43,120 --> 00:40:44,920
It was a moment...
472
00:40:45,120 --> 00:40:48,480
Friends came to see us
and we began to talk
473
00:40:48,880 --> 00:40:51,720
about this shared feeling
we all carried inside us,
474
00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:53,560
deep down inside.
475
00:40:55,520 --> 00:40:56,520
That feeling
476
00:40:57,640 --> 00:41:01,080
of bitterness, of constant sadness,
477
00:41:01,240 --> 00:41:03,760
of disgust and injustice
478
00:41:04,200 --> 00:41:08,320
was a lot stronger than it appeared.
479
00:41:10,360 --> 00:41:14,760
That is what initiated
our conversations.
480
00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:23,880
We didn't just wake up one day
and suddenly realize.
481
00:41:24,080 --> 00:41:27,200
It had been slowly building up
482
00:41:27,360 --> 00:41:29,760
for quite a while.
483
00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:34,160
But it exploded, it burst,
484
00:41:35,520 --> 00:41:39,320
and now we are going to change things,
there's no going back.
485
00:41:51,840 --> 00:41:55,800
Civic responsibility
still isn't taught in schools.
486
00:41:56,480 --> 00:41:58,640
Civics just isn't taught.
487
00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:03,720
We grew up hearing people say:
488
00:42:03,880 --> 00:42:07,000
"You mustn't talk about
politics or religion."
489
00:42:07,160 --> 00:42:08,240
Isn't that right?
490
00:42:08,600 --> 00:42:12,720
You couldn't express an opinion,
that was bad manners.
491
00:42:12,880 --> 00:42:15,920
I think we are disconnected.
492
00:42:16,120 --> 00:42:20,320
The politicians are disconnected
from the people and vice-versa.
493
00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:22,760
And people are disconnected
from politics too.
494
00:42:24,360 --> 00:42:27,200
I think the politicians deceived us.
495
00:42:28,160 --> 00:42:30,400
They promised us many things.
496
00:42:31,360 --> 00:42:33,400
They sedated us heavily
497
00:42:34,360 --> 00:42:37,600
over the last thirty years.
498
00:42:45,520 --> 00:42:49,520
Major social change takes a lot of time.
499
00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:52,200
We must be patient.
500
00:42:52,360 --> 00:42:55,800
These changes are not for us.
501
00:42:56,280 --> 00:42:59,200
They are for the next generations,
502
00:42:59,720 --> 00:43:01,400
for future generations.
503
00:43:01,720 --> 00:43:05,680
Chile is known for being backward.
504
00:43:13,160 --> 00:43:15,440
If you don't jump you're a cop!
505
00:43:30,280 --> 00:43:32,360
I think there is a flame.
506
00:43:34,120 --> 00:43:35,920
I hope that this flame
507
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:40,280
will serve an important purpose.
508
00:43:41,880 --> 00:43:44,040
That it will create a fire
509
00:43:44,200 --> 00:43:47,920
that will help to build this new Chile.
510
00:43:50,120 --> 00:43:52,640
We know how to light fires.
511
00:43:55,840 --> 00:43:59,240
My father used to take me
on the railroaders' strikes.
512
00:43:59,400 --> 00:44:03,640
There was always a fire and a tin,
an empty can...
513
00:44:03,800 --> 00:44:05,600
A can for toasted flour.
514
00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:10,320
In that can,
515
00:44:10,640 --> 00:44:14,160
they put rags and gasoline
516
00:44:14,600 --> 00:44:16,680
when we went into the street.
517
00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:22,560
I'll never forget that
because it was very impressive.
518
00:44:25,600 --> 00:44:29,280
There are flames that consume
and flames that nourish.
519
00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:34,200
We'll see what happens.
520
00:44:36,080 --> 00:44:39,160
No violence!
521
00:45:29,280 --> 00:45:33,520
We have reached a level of violence
that's never been seen in Chile.
522
00:45:33,880 --> 00:45:38,600
I think that violence has laid bare
our problem with the police,
523
00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:40,240
which is not something new.
524
00:45:40,400 --> 00:45:43,840
This isn't a result of the revolt,
it's an old problem.
525
00:45:44,800 --> 00:45:46,920
The use of the military
526
00:45:47,120 --> 00:45:50,000
to suppress the protests.
527
00:45:50,320 --> 00:45:55,240
That allows them, in some way,
to justify their violence
528
00:45:55,640 --> 00:45:57,840
and lack of respect of the rules.
529
00:45:58,040 --> 00:46:02,640
The police force is considered
a politicized enemy.
530
00:46:04,920 --> 00:46:08,480
There is total divorce
between the armed forces
531
00:46:08,640 --> 00:46:10,520
and the civilian population.
532
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:15,160
There is no real monitoring
by the Chilean State
533
00:46:15,320 --> 00:46:18,000
of what is taught in the military
534
00:46:18,160 --> 00:46:19,280
or the police academies.
535
00:46:20,040 --> 00:46:22,760
That hid many problems
inherited from the dictatorship.
536
00:46:22,920 --> 00:46:27,360
Today, with the revolt
and the police tactics,
537
00:46:27,520 --> 00:46:31,520
we are paying the price
for not acknowledging or resolving
538
00:46:31,680 --> 00:46:34,120
the problems inherited
from the dictatorship.
539
00:46:34,560 --> 00:46:38,880
The people, united,
will never be defeated!
540
00:47:26,200 --> 00:47:30,080
I cannot believe
that I'm in present-day Chile.
541
00:47:31,000 --> 00:47:34,280
I feel like I'm witnessing a civil war.
542
00:47:35,320 --> 00:47:39,880
The police violence
reminds me of Pinochet's era.
543
00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:44,120
The armed men
544
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:48,240
appear to be fueled
by unrestrained impulses,
545
00:47:48,680 --> 00:47:51,800
without leadership,
without a legal framework.
546
00:47:52,720 --> 00:47:55,640
It really is unbearable.
547
00:48:20,760 --> 00:48:24,480
I never imagined
I would see here, once again,
548
00:48:24,800 --> 00:48:28,240
what I saw more than forty years ago.
549
00:48:29,560 --> 00:48:31,680
The repression is so violent
550
00:48:31,840 --> 00:48:34,440
that it provokes anger and despair.
551
00:48:36,120 --> 00:48:38,840
I am anxious about
the outcome of this struggle.
552
00:48:39,400 --> 00:48:44,000
Who will lose and who will win?
553
00:48:48,480 --> 00:48:51,800
For a long time,
we found it normal to pay for everything
554
00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:57,160
and normal that certain people got rich
on the back of cheap labor.
555
00:48:59,680 --> 00:49:02,600
To receive a good education,
you had to pay.
556
00:49:02,760 --> 00:49:05,200
To receive good medical care,
you had to pay.
557
00:49:06,520 --> 00:49:09,320
We no longer believe that is normal.
558
00:49:09,800 --> 00:49:12,000
There was a feeling of indignation.
559
00:49:12,160 --> 00:49:14,440
That's why they renamed the square
"Dignity".
560
00:49:14,600 --> 00:49:18,760
Ultimately, the indignation soaked in.
561
00:49:19,680 --> 00:49:21,840
At the same time, it blossomed.
562
00:49:23,080 --> 00:49:26,840
People began to form Open Councils.
563
00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:30,920
Everybody wanted to take part.
564
00:49:31,600 --> 00:49:34,840
The Open Councils grew and multiplied.
565
00:49:36,080 --> 00:49:38,360
What did people want most?
566
00:49:38,880 --> 00:49:40,920
To change the Constitution.
567
00:49:41,280 --> 00:49:42,200
Why?
568
00:49:43,560 --> 00:49:47,640
Because even though
they had tried to hide
569
00:49:47,800 --> 00:49:50,840
the fact that we had
a terrible Constitution
570
00:49:51,360 --> 00:49:54,240
and a terrible system of government,
571
00:49:55,560 --> 00:49:57,560
people realized it for themselves.
572
00:49:57,720 --> 00:50:00,120
The information was circulating,
573
00:50:00,280 --> 00:50:03,120
we knew that the Constitution
was important.
574
00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:05,760
But never before had social unease
575
00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:08,520
developed a solution:
576
00:50:09,040 --> 00:50:10,840
to change the Constitution.
577
00:50:11,200 --> 00:50:14,720
The objective of the Open Councils
578
00:50:14,880 --> 00:50:18,440
was to determine what people wanted
for the country
579
00:50:18,600 --> 00:50:21,440
and what was actually
in the Constitution.
580
00:50:21,600 --> 00:50:25,320
We realized it was terrible
and needed to be changed.
581
00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:36,800
The social outburst
582
00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:41,200
has also sparked
a creative outburst in Chile.
583
00:50:43,360 --> 00:50:44,720
The rupture is violent,
584
00:50:45,880 --> 00:50:48,320
but it is also full of joy.
585
00:50:49,240 --> 00:50:52,640
Now, there are not only stones.
586
00:50:53,360 --> 00:50:56,600
There is also a horizon for the future.
587
00:50:58,280 --> 00:51:01,400
The current economic model
seems outdated.
588
00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:05,760
The fear of talking about the chaos
has disappeared.
589
00:51:07,160 --> 00:51:11,360
That is the feeling of many families
and of society in general.
590
00:51:11,520 --> 00:51:14,520
I APPROVE
591
00:51:22,920 --> 00:51:26,560
These four women wrote a poem
592
00:51:26,720 --> 00:51:29,360
that has been sung
by thousands of Chilean women.
593
00:51:30,280 --> 00:51:34,160
All Chilean women were able
to identify with this poem,
594
00:51:34,320 --> 00:51:35,920
women of all ages
595
00:51:36,120 --> 00:51:38,760
and beyond borders.
596
00:51:42,480 --> 00:51:45,000
The patriarchy is a judge
597
00:51:46,640 --> 00:51:49,040
Who judges us for being born
598
00:51:51,200 --> 00:51:53,240
And our punishment
599
00:51:54,440 --> 00:51:56,800
Is the violence that you see
600
00:51:57,280 --> 00:52:01,280
It's not my fault,
it's not the place, it's not my clothes
601
00:52:05,160 --> 00:52:09,120
It's not my fault,
it's not the place, it's not my clothes
602
00:52:13,040 --> 00:52:15,120
The rapist is you!
603
00:52:16,880 --> 00:52:18,640
The rapist is you!
604
00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:22,640
It's the cops...
605
00:52:22,800 --> 00:52:26,640
Here, in Chile, the popular revolt
has being going on for one year.
606
00:52:26,800 --> 00:52:28,240
It is huge.
607
00:52:28,400 --> 00:52:30,840
This revolt comes from the base,
608
00:52:31,040 --> 00:52:33,440
it has no leaders,
609
00:52:33,600 --> 00:52:36,360
no individuals who, in some way,
610
00:52:36,520 --> 00:52:40,360
might lead this revolt
towards a fixed goal.
611
00:52:40,520 --> 00:52:42,800
That is what makes it complicated
612
00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:46,120
to initiate negotiations
with the authorities.
613
00:52:46,280 --> 00:52:50,560
And that's a good thing, as we don't want
to negotiate with anyone.
614
00:52:50,720 --> 00:52:53,280
We just want to change things,
that's all!
615
00:52:53,440 --> 00:52:57,760
We want to put an end to this system
that has put us at risk
616
00:52:58,200 --> 00:53:02,640
in a deeply inhuman way.
617
00:53:03,040 --> 00:53:06,560
The protesters didn't demand
a referendum,
618
00:53:06,720 --> 00:53:08,440
but a constituent assembly.
619
00:53:08,600 --> 00:53:12,400
There was a referendum,
we voted for this constitutional change.
620
00:53:12,560 --> 00:53:16,240
We know that symbolically,
it is an important first step
621
00:53:16,400 --> 00:53:20,160
because it is very violent
to carry on living in a country
622
00:53:20,320 --> 00:53:23,040
governed by the laws
of a military dictatorship
623
00:53:23,200 --> 00:53:26,040
and to continue experiencing
the direct consequences
624
00:53:26,200 --> 00:53:28,440
of that horrendous period
625
00:53:30,560 --> 00:53:32,440
of our history.
626
00:53:32,600 --> 00:53:35,600
We know that this is the first step,
627
00:53:35,760 --> 00:53:38,640
but the change we are demanding
goes a lot further.
628
00:53:38,800 --> 00:53:41,200
It's a socio-cultural change.
629
00:53:41,360 --> 00:53:43,560
That's why us women
630
00:53:43,720 --> 00:53:46,600
think that the demands
of the popular uprising,
631
00:53:46,760 --> 00:53:49,520
of the revolt,
are also feminist demands.
632
00:53:49,680 --> 00:53:51,400
Therefore, the solutions
633
00:53:51,560 --> 00:53:54,520
should be tackled
from a feminist point of view.
634
00:53:54,680 --> 00:53:57,880
These are not lesser demands,
635
00:53:58,080 --> 00:54:02,000
they aren't just about sexual abuse,
for example.
636
00:54:02,160 --> 00:54:05,200
They concern everybody's well-being,
637
00:54:05,360 --> 00:54:07,560
everybody's dignity.
638
00:54:07,720 --> 00:54:12,240
We want people to be able to have a life,
not just to survive.
639
00:54:12,400 --> 00:54:16,800
That is what we have done
for too long in this country.
640
00:54:17,000 --> 00:54:18,920
If you ask us for our opinion:
641
00:54:19,120 --> 00:54:22,160
we hope that
the neo-liberal system burns,
642
00:54:22,320 --> 00:54:24,400
that the patriarchy burns,
643
00:54:24,560 --> 00:54:27,320
and that all of
the harmful institutions burn,
644
00:54:27,480 --> 00:54:28,840
those that perpetuate
645
00:54:29,040 --> 00:54:31,640
the situation we are in today.
646
00:54:31,800 --> 00:54:35,480
We can no longer live
with these kinds of institutions
647
00:54:35,640 --> 00:54:37,280
in our society.
648
00:54:37,440 --> 00:54:38,640
It's impossible.
649
00:54:38,800 --> 00:54:41,720
We aspire to this macro-social change.
650
00:54:41,880 --> 00:54:44,440
We know it is hard,
it must be done step by step,
651
00:54:44,600 --> 00:54:47,520
one of which is the rewriting
of the Constitution.
652
00:54:47,680 --> 00:54:52,400
But we hope to live
to see this concrete change.
653
00:54:52,560 --> 00:54:55,520
Until all forms of oppression have ended,
654
00:54:55,680 --> 00:54:58,360
we will always face the same problems,
655
00:54:58,520 --> 00:54:59,720
that's the reality.
656
00:54:59,880 --> 00:55:02,080
Because it's a very perverse system,
657
00:55:02,240 --> 00:55:05,200
one that unfortunately,
has been well constructed.
658
00:55:14,440 --> 00:55:16,880
The patriarchy is a judge
659
00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:20,800
Who judges us for being born
660
00:55:22,920 --> 00:55:24,280
And our punishment
661
00:55:26,320 --> 00:55:28,880
Is the violence you can't see
662
00:55:29,080 --> 00:55:32,800
It's not my fault,
it's not the place, it's not my clothes
663
00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:36,440
It's not my fault,
it's not the place, it's not my clothes
664
00:55:36,600 --> 00:55:38,920
The rapist is you!
665
00:55:40,560 --> 00:55:43,040
The rapist is you!
666
00:55:44,680 --> 00:55:46,640
It's the police
667
00:55:48,200 --> 00:55:50,000
The judges
668
00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:52,760
The State
669
00:55:53,720 --> 00:55:55,560
The President
670
00:55:57,280 --> 00:56:00,680
The oppressive State is a macho rapist!
671
00:56:00,840 --> 00:56:04,640
The oppressive State is a macho rapist!
672
00:56:32,520 --> 00:56:33,840
For months,
673
00:56:34,280 --> 00:56:38,920
many people kept the sound
of disapproval resounding.
674
00:56:40,080 --> 00:56:42,720
It is the sound of indignation,
675
00:56:43,560 --> 00:56:45,840
like a symphony of protest
676
00:56:46,040 --> 00:56:49,880
that will not stop
until there's a solution.
677
00:56:54,720 --> 00:56:57,480
I APPROVE, IF NOT, WHAT'S THE POINT?
678
00:56:58,920 --> 00:57:01,680
I APPROVE
679
00:57:03,680 --> 00:57:08,200
Today, we have the chance
to create a true democracy
680
00:57:08,360 --> 00:57:11,120
that reflects the plurality
of Chilean society.
681
00:57:11,280 --> 00:57:12,560
We have never had that.
682
00:57:12,720 --> 00:57:14,640
In these thirty years of democracy,
683
00:57:14,800 --> 00:57:18,680
our plurality has not been represented
in the political system
684
00:57:18,840 --> 00:57:22,560
because the rules of the game
falsify the reports.
685
00:57:22,720 --> 00:57:25,200
They hinder some public policies,
686
00:57:25,360 --> 00:57:27,640
even though many people want them.
687
00:57:30,920 --> 00:57:35,480
But I think we should address
the specific problems.
688
00:57:35,640 --> 00:57:40,240
In Chile, the major problems
are the excessive elitism of politics,
689
00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:42,840
the concentration of power and exclusion.
690
00:57:43,040 --> 00:57:46,280
We have denied the Indian peoples
representation
691
00:57:46,440 --> 00:57:48,440
for far too long.
692
00:57:48,800 --> 00:57:52,600
Chile hasn't advanced, it's one
of the most conservative countries,
693
00:57:52,760 --> 00:57:56,680
whose political participation
is based on centralism.
694
00:57:57,120 --> 00:57:58,320
To this day,
695
00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:01,400
Congress is composed mainly
of elderly men,
696
00:58:01,560 --> 00:58:03,560
most of whom are related to each other.
697
00:58:03,720 --> 00:58:07,240
It really is an inadmissible elitism
698
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:09,520
during a political period
699
00:58:09,680 --> 00:58:13,560
in which people are demanding
different levels of participation.
700
00:58:14,040 --> 00:58:16,280
The people, the people
701
00:58:16,440 --> 00:58:18,520
Where are the people?
702
00:58:18,840 --> 00:58:23,480
The people are in the streets
demanding dignity!
703
00:58:49,440 --> 00:58:52,680
A CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY NOW!
704
00:58:52,840 --> 00:58:56,920
The constituent process
will allow us to be open to uncertainty.
705
00:58:57,120 --> 00:59:00,840
Uncertainty generates anxiety and fear,
706
00:59:01,040 --> 00:59:04,200
but it is necessary
for the legitimacy of the policy.
707
00:59:04,360 --> 00:59:06,360
If there is no uncertainty,
708
00:59:06,760 --> 00:59:07,920
there is no democracy.
709
00:59:12,000 --> 00:59:13,400
What is happening is positive,
710
00:59:13,560 --> 00:59:17,160
but I wish it had happened earlier.
711
00:59:17,320 --> 00:59:21,240
If only 400 people hadn't lost an eye
for us to get here.
712
00:59:31,720 --> 00:59:36,360
In almost every film I make,
we see the National Stadium,
713
00:59:36,720 --> 00:59:39,600
as if I were a football player.
714
00:59:41,160 --> 00:59:42,600
During the dictatorship,
715
00:59:42,760 --> 00:59:46,680
it was Pinochet's
biggest concentration camp.
716
00:59:47,040 --> 00:59:50,920
I was imprisoned here
with thousands of other prisoners.
717
00:59:53,200 --> 00:59:55,880
That marked me forever.
718
00:59:59,640 --> 01:00:03,920
The Stadium also acts as a polling place.
719
01:00:04,680 --> 01:00:05,640
Today,
720
01:00:05,800 --> 01:00:08,880
people are voting for the end
of Pinochet's Constitution
721
01:00:09,080 --> 01:00:11,080
in order to write a new one.
722
01:00:12,520 --> 01:00:14,280
Faced with pressure from the people,
723
01:00:14,440 --> 01:00:18,880
the government and political parties
had no other choice
724
01:00:19,400 --> 01:00:21,680
but to organize this referendum.
725
01:00:23,800 --> 01:00:26,720
On the same day,
the results are published.
726
01:00:28,520 --> 01:00:32,280
80% of votes want a constituent assembly
727
01:00:32,440 --> 01:00:34,800
to write the new constitution.
728
01:00:36,640 --> 01:00:40,160
That is the victory
of the social outburst.
729
01:01:24,640 --> 01:01:26,360
For a long time,
730
01:01:26,520 --> 01:01:30,080
Parliament was the center and the heart
731
01:01:30,400 --> 01:01:32,840
of the country's political history.
732
01:01:34,480 --> 01:01:37,480
A place of discussion, conflict
733
01:01:37,760 --> 01:01:40,520
and laws that were approved or rejected.
734
01:01:42,240 --> 01:01:45,840
After the coup d'État, in 1973,
735
01:01:46,280 --> 01:01:48,640
Pinochet, the dictator, dissolved it
736
01:01:48,800 --> 01:01:51,280
and abandoned it after its evacuation.
737
01:01:52,000 --> 01:01:55,120
For years, it remained empty.
738
01:02:07,160 --> 01:02:11,800
I often filmed here
when I made "The Battle of Chile".
739
01:02:12,280 --> 01:02:14,160
I had to come and go
740
01:02:14,320 --> 01:02:18,120
according to the decisions taken
by the members of parliament.
741
01:02:19,160 --> 01:02:25,040
For me, the never-ending world
of the political game was a mystery.
742
01:02:26,040 --> 01:02:31,040
I remember the hallways
and the noise of the comings and goings.
743
01:02:32,320 --> 01:02:33,880
It was a hive
744
01:02:34,440 --> 01:02:38,720
full of smoke and glasses of tea
that they served during the sessions.
745
01:02:51,200 --> 01:02:55,320
Today, as if History were being repaired,
746
01:02:55,480 --> 01:02:59,840
this place is finally recovering
its purpose.
747
01:03:01,040 --> 01:03:05,080
It is here that the members
of the Constituent Assembly
748
01:03:05,560 --> 01:03:09,560
will write the new Constitution
over the coming months.
749
01:03:10,400 --> 01:03:13,520
Nobody could have imagined
something like this happening
750
01:03:13,880 --> 01:03:16,320
just two years ago.
751
01:03:20,400 --> 01:03:21,560
In chess,
752
01:03:21,720 --> 01:03:24,760
the most important pieces are the pawns
753
01:03:24,920 --> 01:03:26,680
but nobody says that.
754
01:03:27,120 --> 01:03:29,440
People think it's the Queen.
755
01:03:29,600 --> 01:03:32,440
Well, I see a certain symbolism.
756
01:03:32,600 --> 01:03:34,280
There are eight pawns.
757
01:03:34,440 --> 01:03:37,240
It's the only piece
that is reproduced eight times
758
01:03:37,400 --> 01:03:40,760
and when all eight work together,
they define everything:
759
01:03:40,920 --> 01:03:43,280
the movements of the other pieces,
760
01:03:43,440 --> 01:03:47,400
the position of the defense,
the attack strategy,
761
01:03:47,560 --> 01:03:49,000
who controls the center
762
01:03:49,160 --> 01:03:51,800
and therefore, the whole chessboard.
763
01:03:52,760 --> 01:03:56,400
I think that this, in the Convention,
is very clear.
764
01:03:56,680 --> 01:03:58,040
Very clear.
765
01:03:58,200 --> 01:03:59,240
We have approved
766
01:03:59,400 --> 01:04:02,640
many popular participation mechanisms.
767
01:04:04,280 --> 01:04:05,640
Generally speaking,
768
01:04:06,080 --> 01:04:09,560
us members of the Convention,
that is where we come from.
769
01:04:10,000 --> 01:04:12,080
We are part of these people.
770
01:04:12,840 --> 01:04:16,520
It's not just a number, it's the reality.
771
01:04:16,680 --> 01:04:20,080
When we discuss the various issues
772
01:04:20,240 --> 01:04:24,120
of the new Constitution,
regulatory or more important ones,
773
01:04:24,280 --> 01:04:26,560
we see that we all have shared history.
774
01:04:26,720 --> 01:04:29,040
Nobody told us about public health,
775
01:04:29,200 --> 01:04:33,280
nobody told us stories
about public education,
776
01:04:33,440 --> 01:04:35,840
we experienced it firsthand.
777
01:04:36,440 --> 01:04:38,560
And that is very precious.
778
01:04:39,240 --> 01:04:42,360
It's a process of constant debate.
779
01:04:42,640 --> 01:04:45,600
We are also constantly listening
780
01:04:45,760 --> 01:04:49,560
to the citizens, the young people,
the children.
781
01:04:49,880 --> 01:04:54,360
I think it's quite an intense process.
782
01:04:55,080 --> 01:04:57,400
The most intense process
I've been involved with.
783
01:04:57,560 --> 01:04:58,720
In your life?
784
01:04:59,440 --> 01:05:03,440
It's like playing in a chess tournament,
but every day.
785
01:05:03,840 --> 01:05:05,400
It's very, very intense.
786
01:05:12,680 --> 01:05:16,280
When we began this process,
787
01:05:16,760 --> 01:05:21,040
we didn't only think about
the constitutional text.
788
01:05:21,480 --> 01:05:23,000
We did it, thinking that
789
01:05:23,160 --> 01:05:26,160
writing a new Constitution,
790
01:05:26,320 --> 01:05:30,080
the first one written
in a democratic context,
791
01:05:30,240 --> 01:05:33,520
the first one in the world
to be written with equality,
792
01:05:33,880 --> 01:05:36,280
was one stage of a journey.
793
01:05:38,240 --> 01:05:41,920
For decades,
we've been fighting for matters
794
01:05:42,120 --> 01:05:43,240
that are partial:
795
01:05:43,400 --> 01:05:47,000
we fight for free, decent,
non-sexist public education,
796
01:05:47,160 --> 01:05:52,120
we fight against
specific extractive projects.
797
01:05:52,280 --> 01:05:54,760
Gradually,
we are generalizing our outlook.
798
01:05:54,920 --> 01:05:57,320
We fight against patriarchal violence,
799
01:05:57,480 --> 01:06:00,600
probably one of the most general issues.
800
01:06:01,640 --> 01:06:05,760
But now, we'll be addressing everything
at the same time.
801
01:06:06,560 --> 01:06:07,800
Everything.
802
01:06:08,000 --> 01:06:11,000
That will probably cause an earthquake.
803
01:06:12,920 --> 01:06:14,720
My name is Valentina Miranda.
804
01:06:14,880 --> 01:06:16,040
I live in Lo Espejo,
805
01:06:16,200 --> 01:06:18,640
one of the poorest municipalities
in Chile.
806
01:06:18,800 --> 01:06:20,760
I am a radical and homosexual activist,
807
01:06:20,920 --> 01:06:22,520
a young, feminist woman,
808
01:06:22,680 --> 01:06:26,040
ex-representative of the
Federation of High-school Associations,
809
01:06:26,200 --> 01:06:28,160
the first in my family
to go to university,
810
01:06:28,320 --> 01:06:31,920
born of public education
and a humble family,
811
01:06:32,120 --> 01:06:33,480
daughter of the slums.
812
01:06:33,640 --> 01:06:37,520
I grew up surrounded by drugs,
poverty and extractivism,
813
01:06:37,680 --> 01:06:39,840
violation of human rights and corruption.
814
01:06:40,040 --> 01:06:44,320
I am 21 years old, a hick,
a bumpkin, scum, an Indian.
815
01:06:44,480 --> 01:06:47,360
Proud to be a campaigner
for the Communist Youth.
816
01:06:47,520 --> 01:06:51,640
I am convinced that the Constitution
written here will be ecological,
817
01:06:51,800 --> 01:06:55,200
feminist, multinational, intercultural,
818
01:06:55,360 --> 01:06:58,360
and that it will enable
all people to thrive.
819
01:06:58,720 --> 01:07:02,760
I don't forget my origins,
as memory is our best weapon.
820
01:07:02,920 --> 01:07:04,440
This is for you, Grandma!
821
01:07:04,600 --> 01:07:07,200
Free the protesters of Santa Adriana!
822
01:07:07,360 --> 01:07:09,840
From the turnstiles to the Convention!
823
01:07:10,040 --> 01:07:13,000
We students have made it here,
the humble will triumph.
824
01:07:13,160 --> 01:07:14,440
Thank you very much!
825
01:07:15,880 --> 01:07:18,440
I dared, because I needed to say:
826
01:07:18,600 --> 01:07:20,040
"The young people are here."
827
01:07:20,200 --> 01:07:21,440
Two years ago,
828
01:07:21,600 --> 01:07:23,920
we jumped over the subway turnstiles,
829
01:07:24,120 --> 01:07:26,480
now, I'm writing the new Constitution.
830
01:07:26,640 --> 01:07:29,600
So, it's really...
831
01:07:30,440 --> 01:07:32,680
As well as being gratifying,
832
01:07:34,680 --> 01:07:37,080
it is very moving to know,
833
01:07:38,080 --> 01:07:40,120
to be aware, now,
834
01:07:40,760 --> 01:07:43,840
that everything we went through
during the 2019 repression
835
01:07:44,040 --> 01:07:45,760
and everything that happened
836
01:07:45,920 --> 01:07:50,000
led to this amazing process
that we are experiencing today.
837
01:07:50,840 --> 01:07:55,040
We students made the first move,
838
01:07:55,560 --> 01:07:59,920
but it turned into a social struggle
of all Chilean people.
839
01:08:00,560 --> 01:08:02,720
What we are writing
840
01:08:02,880 --> 01:08:06,920
are the wishes of those who said:
"Enough!"
841
01:08:07,120 --> 01:08:11,080
We must build,
that is our main responsibility.
842
01:08:11,240 --> 01:08:13,920
Build and move forwards.
843
01:08:14,320 --> 01:08:17,040
And hopefully, in the future,
844
01:08:17,200 --> 01:08:20,480
we won't have to jump over
all those turnstiles,
845
01:08:20,640 --> 01:08:23,640
because I didn't just do it
on October 18,
846
01:08:23,800 --> 01:08:26,880
I had to jump over many more
to get this far.
847
01:08:42,400 --> 01:08:44,280
This is a solemn moment.
848
01:08:44,440 --> 01:08:47,760
I ask the members
of the Convention to rise,
849
01:08:47,920 --> 01:08:49,200
please.
850
01:08:52,440 --> 01:08:54,160
Now,
851
01:08:54,880 --> 01:09:00,080
in accordance with article 79
of the General Regulation,
852
01:09:00,720 --> 01:09:04,200
I declare, before the plenary Assembly,
853
01:09:04,360 --> 01:09:08,400
the official opening
of the constitutional debate.
854
01:09:08,560 --> 01:09:10,040
Elisa Loncón
855
01:09:10,360 --> 01:09:14,440
is the president
of the constituent Convention.
856
01:09:14,880 --> 01:09:17,480
She is also the first Mapuche woman
857
01:09:17,640 --> 01:09:21,000
to take on such a role
in the history of Chile.
858
01:09:24,200 --> 01:09:27,040
She makes us feel
this breath of fresh air
859
01:09:27,200 --> 01:09:29,240
that is traversing the country.
860
01:09:30,480 --> 01:09:33,440
Each day,
we deal with many things,
861
01:09:33,600 --> 01:09:38,160
but I am very happy
to be participating in this process.
862
01:09:39,800 --> 01:09:42,240
I am also happy for the Mapuche people,
863
01:09:42,400 --> 01:09:45,520
for the young people
and for all those women
864
01:09:45,680 --> 01:09:48,840
who see in me so many delays
865
01:09:49,040 --> 01:09:52,640
but, at the same time,
so many opportunities for action.
866
01:09:52,800 --> 01:09:57,560
That makes me so happy
and it fuels my dream of transformation.
867
01:09:58,360 --> 01:09:59,880
We are moving forward,
868
01:10:00,400 --> 01:10:02,840
we will achieve
the goal we set ourselves.
869
01:10:04,280 --> 01:10:06,240
When we Mapuche, say:
870
01:10:06,400 --> 01:10:07,320
"marichiweu",
871
01:10:07,480 --> 01:10:10,000
that means:
"We will never be overcome".
872
01:10:10,160 --> 01:10:14,720
It is a word that has historic importance
873
01:10:15,280 --> 01:10:17,480
and one that is also very colloquial.
874
01:10:17,640 --> 01:10:19,800
I learnt it from my grand-mother.
875
01:10:20,000 --> 01:10:23,160
Whenever she achieved something,
she said: "Marichiweu!"
876
01:10:23,320 --> 01:10:27,560
I understood that every achievement
should be accompanied by this word.
877
01:10:28,320 --> 01:10:31,480
Marichi means "forever",
and "marichiweu":
878
01:10:31,640 --> 01:10:33,160
"We will always win".
879
01:10:33,320 --> 01:10:35,640
You can also say "marichi poyeyu",
880
01:10:35,800 --> 01:10:38,400
"I will love you all my life".
881
01:10:38,560 --> 01:10:41,800
With "marichi",
you can create various combinations
882
01:10:42,000 --> 01:10:44,640
to express things that will last forever.
883
01:10:44,800 --> 01:10:47,000
It's a very pretty word.
884
01:10:55,680 --> 01:10:59,920
We also believed
in the permanent changes
885
01:11:00,120 --> 01:11:03,080
initiated by Salvador Allende.
886
01:11:05,640 --> 01:11:07,480
We were happy,
887
01:11:07,760 --> 01:11:11,760
but the coup d'État
shattered our lives and our dreams.
888
01:11:15,880 --> 01:11:19,120
Today, there is this new hope.
889
01:11:21,320 --> 01:11:24,040
I like to think
that the dream is finally happening
890
01:11:24,200 --> 01:11:28,600
and that the country we imagined
will become reality.
891
01:11:32,520 --> 01:11:37,720
This square has become the symbol
of the street fights,
892
01:11:38,120 --> 01:11:41,760
under the indifferent gaze
of General Baquedano,
893
01:11:42,160 --> 01:11:45,480
a military hero from the 19th century.
894
01:11:49,040 --> 01:11:53,320
Baquedano and his horse
would never have imagined
895
01:11:53,680 --> 01:11:58,400
that their statue would be the center
of these new struggles.
896
01:11:59,720 --> 01:12:02,240
The young people come here
897
01:12:02,400 --> 01:12:07,040
to transform this space
into a theater of the future.
898
01:12:14,920 --> 01:12:18,440
What is the greatest danger
that could happen?
899
01:12:18,840 --> 01:12:20,080
The first,
900
01:12:20,240 --> 01:12:22,800
would be if we lose faith
in the Convention
901
01:12:23,000 --> 01:12:27,360
to the point where the campaign
against the leaving referendum
902
01:12:27,520 --> 01:12:28,720
wins, for example,
903
01:12:28,880 --> 01:12:31,840
and we are left with
the dictator's Constitution.
904
01:12:32,040 --> 01:12:33,920
For me, that would be terrible.
905
01:12:34,120 --> 01:12:38,080
That could happen,
and it would be the worst thing.
906
01:12:38,600 --> 01:12:40,760
The second danger,
907
01:12:41,880 --> 01:12:44,000
is that many things
908
01:12:44,320 --> 01:12:49,280
have fueled a sense of patriotism
909
01:12:50,800 --> 01:12:52,640
that is very painful, in Chile.
910
01:12:53,120 --> 01:12:57,000
These two things together,
would be a terrible outcome.
911
01:12:57,160 --> 01:13:00,760
Firstly, that we fail
to drive a new Constitution,
912
01:13:01,080 --> 01:13:02,600
we would regret that.
913
01:13:02,760 --> 01:13:04,440
It would be a step backwards,
914
01:13:04,600 --> 01:13:08,760
regretting what we said
during the referendum,
915
01:13:08,920 --> 01:13:13,720
that we wanted a new Constitution
and that we should defend it.
916
01:13:14,120 --> 01:13:17,320
Secondly, that once again,
917
01:13:17,480 --> 01:13:20,360
far-right sectors of this country
are re-established,
918
01:13:20,520 --> 01:13:23,640
as has happened elsewhere
in Latin America and the world.
919
01:13:23,800 --> 01:13:26,440
That would be fatal.
920
01:13:28,240 --> 01:13:30,720
Is chess also a fight?
921
01:13:33,440 --> 01:13:36,800
It's a fight, a confrontation.
922
01:13:39,320 --> 01:13:41,640
It's also a space for meetings
923
01:13:41,800 --> 01:13:43,800
and discussions.
924
01:13:45,120 --> 01:13:49,000
According to the legend
of the Goddess of chess, Caïssa,
925
01:13:49,520 --> 01:13:52,680
who, at some point, was linked to war,
926
01:13:52,840 --> 01:13:57,480
she said:
"Listen, make war on a chessboard.
927
01:13:57,640 --> 01:14:00,480
"Converse, think, imagine, create
928
01:14:00,640 --> 01:14:03,000
"and stop making war outside".
929
01:14:03,160 --> 01:14:06,600
But there is a fight.
930
01:14:06,760 --> 01:14:08,200
Someone dies.
931
01:14:08,720 --> 01:14:10,120
Yes, of course.
932
01:14:10,520 --> 01:14:12,200
You must destroy...
933
01:14:13,040 --> 01:14:14,680
You must capture, rather.
934
01:14:14,840 --> 01:14:17,280
You capture, you never kill.
935
01:14:17,440 --> 01:14:18,440
We capture.
936
01:14:18,600 --> 01:14:20,120
There is a fair trial.
937
01:14:20,280 --> 01:14:22,920
The King is allowed a fair trial.
938
01:14:45,520 --> 01:14:49,920
In order to preserve it,
the military removed the statue.
939
01:14:50,280 --> 01:14:53,760
Even so, they built a high fence
940
01:14:53,920 --> 01:14:55,920
around the empty stand.
941
01:14:56,440 --> 01:14:58,640
That provoked indignation.
942
01:14:59,680 --> 01:15:04,360
A huge crowd converged in the square
on the second anniversary
943
01:15:04,520 --> 01:15:05,640
of the outburst.
944
01:16:44,240 --> 01:16:49,360
Everything indicates
that we have reached the end of an era.
945
01:16:49,800 --> 01:16:53,000
I feel a new era is beginning.
946
01:16:55,120 --> 01:16:57,360
At the same time,
947
01:16:57,760 --> 01:17:01,480
Chile is voting
for a new president of the Republic.
948
01:17:02,600 --> 01:17:06,040
The candidate Gabriel Boric wins.
949
01:17:07,360 --> 01:17:11,200
He wins it by 4,600,000 votes
950
01:17:11,640 --> 01:17:14,640
against the far-right candidate.
951
01:17:17,720 --> 01:17:20,120
He triumphs thanks to the huge support
952
01:17:20,280 --> 01:17:23,040
of young people, women,
953
01:17:23,200 --> 01:17:26,440
and of all Chileans who wish for change.
954
01:17:39,680 --> 01:17:42,320
These stones now form
955
01:17:42,680 --> 01:17:45,080
the foundations of a new house,
956
01:17:45,240 --> 01:17:49,440
in which Chile will open its windows wide
957
01:17:49,840 --> 01:17:52,200
to let the air circulate.
958
01:17:56,680 --> 01:18:00,160
I am beginning to see
a new imaginary country.
959
01:18:17,320 --> 01:18:18,880
Good evening, Chile!
960
01:18:21,600 --> 01:18:22,680
Po nui
961
01:18:23,320 --> 01:18:26,840
suma aruma, pun may, Chile!
962
01:18:29,240 --> 01:18:30,760
Thank you all,
963
01:18:31,360 --> 01:18:33,360
every one of you,
964
01:18:33,520 --> 01:18:37,360
all peoples who live
in this place we call Chile.
965
01:18:40,280 --> 01:18:43,720
Today, hope overcame fear!
966
01:18:47,880 --> 01:18:52,080
As you know, I come from far away,
967
01:18:52,240 --> 01:18:56,200
from the South, from Magallanes,
on the edge of the Antarctic,
968
01:18:56,360 --> 01:18:58,040
and I am 35 years old.
969
01:19:00,480 --> 01:19:05,000
I am fully aware
that history doesn't start with us.
970
01:19:05,160 --> 01:19:07,600
I feel like an heir,
971
01:19:08,120 --> 01:19:10,880
and that our project is the heir
972
01:19:11,080 --> 01:19:13,560
of a long historical trajectory,
973
01:19:13,720 --> 01:19:16,600
that of those whom,
from various positions,
974
01:19:16,760 --> 01:19:20,560
have searched tirelessly for justice,
975
01:19:20,880 --> 01:19:22,920
the expansion of democracy,
976
01:19:23,120 --> 01:19:25,400
the defense of human rights,
977
01:19:25,560 --> 01:19:27,400
and the protection of freedoms.
978
01:19:27,560 --> 01:19:31,200
That, my large family,
is what I want to see reunited
979
01:19:31,360 --> 01:19:33,680
in this chapter which we are initiating.
980
01:19:33,840 --> 01:19:36,360
We are facing an historic change of cycle
981
01:19:36,520 --> 01:19:38,200
that we cannot lose out on!
982
01:19:39,920 --> 01:19:43,160
I would like to thank, in particular,
983
01:19:43,320 --> 01:19:45,680
the women of our homeland.
984
01:19:48,520 --> 01:19:52,040
They came together,
throughout the entire country,
985
01:19:52,200 --> 01:19:56,520
to defend the rights
that they had such difficulty obtaining.
986
01:19:58,480 --> 01:20:01,920
From things so basic
as the right to vote,
987
01:20:02,120 --> 01:20:06,280
to the right to be in charge
of their own bodies.
988
01:20:07,880 --> 01:20:11,040
From the right to non-discrimination...