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[tranquil music plays]

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My mom moved us to Indonesia
for a few years as a kid.

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We lived in a small house
with the simple joys of nature.

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A mango tree out front,
whiffs of fruits and spices.

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Paddy fields where water buffalo
glanced up at you with mud-covered snouts.

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Indonesia is home
to some of the most important forests

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and biodiversity in the world.

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And there's nothing
like the Leuser Ecosystem,

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home to some of the most
endangered species on Earth.

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[tranquil music continues]

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The rain forests
of Gunung Leuser National Park

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shelter countless plants and animals...

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each with a role to play.

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[tranquil music continues]

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Leuser is also the last stronghold

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of four of the planet's
most threatened species.

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[dramatic music plays]

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Powerful and elusive tigers...

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[dramatic music continues]

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...the world's smallest rhinos...

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[dramatic music continues]

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...unique forest elephants...

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[elephant trumpets]

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...and orangutans, one of the smartest
great apes in the world.

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Once, these animals could be found
together across southeast Asia.

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But deforestation and poaching
means that, today,

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Leuser is the only place
they still co-exist.

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[tranquil music plays]

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Will we allow something so precious
to disappear forever...

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or seize our last chance to protect it

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for our children and grandchildren?

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Join me in this most unique
of wild spaces.

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[tranquil music continues]

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On the Indonesian island of Sumatra
lies a vast tropical rain forest

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and at its core,
Gunung Leuser National Park.

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[atmospheric music plays]

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Here, forest-covered mountains dominate,

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reaching 10,000 feet tall.

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They safeguard its inhabitants
like a fortress.

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But perhaps its greatest wildlife riches
are found in its steamy lowland jungles.

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[atmospheric music fades]

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[jaunty music plays]

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In Indonesian, "orangutan"
means "person of the forest."

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[jaunty music continues]

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And these trees are home to
the densest population anywhere on Earth.

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This is their forest.

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[jaunty music continues]

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[screeching]

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There are several huge males.

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With large, flanged cheek pads,
they're more attractive to mates.

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They're immensely powerful

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with a bite force stronger than a lion's.

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But there's an athletic and ambitious
younger male coming up through the ranks.

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[jaunty music plays]

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Rakus.

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[jaunty music continues]

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His name, given to him
by resident scientists, means "greedy."

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Because he likes to eat
pretty much everything.

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Leaves,

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bark...

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fruit...

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termites.

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It's all on the menu.

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If this gourmet ape can eat enough,

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he may one day develop cheek pads

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like the most senior males.

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[jaunty music continues]

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There's one food in particular
that could fuel his ambition.

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The neesia fruit.

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About the size of a football,

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it's packed with large, tasty seeds.

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Before it ripens,
it's as hard as concrete,

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making it nearly impossible to get into.

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[orangutan screeches]

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Ripe neesia cracks open by itself.

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But the succulent seeds are surrounded
with thousands of sharp, irritating hairs.

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To get this meal, Rakus must master

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the most sophisticated skill
in the jungle.

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[tense music plays]

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Many of the orangutans here

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use an ingenious way
of avoiding the neesia's prickly hairs.

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[tense music continues]

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First, they select a stick.

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Then, maneuvering it
with their extremely versatile lips,

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they push it into the neesia's cracks.

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[tense music continues]

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Repeated movement of the stick
dislodges the seeds

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and in the process scrapes out the hairs...

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[tense music continues]

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...making the fruit ready to eat.

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Orangutans are usually solitary animals.

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But the neesia tree
comes into season only rarely.

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When it does,
it draws in orangutans from far and wide.

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As they gather, there's a chance
to learn from each other.

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Friska is a mature female

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and is expert at preparing the fruit.

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Rakus moves in for a masterclass.

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[jaunty music plays]

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There's enough food around
for him to be tolerated.

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[jaunty music continues]

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These are the only wild orangutans

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known to create and use tools
in this unique way.

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[squeaking]

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[jaunty music plays]

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Rakus wants to have a go himself.

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[jaunty music continues]

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Carefully, he crafts his tool.

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And Rakus selects the perfect neesia.

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Then it's down to trial and error.

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[jaunty music continues]

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At last, with a little perseverance...

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Rakus gets the delicacy he's been craving.

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[jaunty music continues]

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The more he perfects
this extraordinary skill,

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the bigger and stronger he'll become.

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[jaunty music continues]

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And one day, this greedy guy

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may just rise to the top.

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[jaunty music fades]

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Leuser's abundance
is partly thanks to its soil,

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which is up to six times more fertile
than other rain forests in the region.

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And this is a reason why.

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[foreboding music plays]

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One of the world's most active volcanoes.

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Mount Sinabung.

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For millennia, its eruptions
have showered the area with volcanic ash...

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[volcano rumbles]

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...rich in minerals and nutrients.

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[volcano rumbles]

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The ash acts as a fertilizer,

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supporting a jungle
of staggering complexity.

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With thousands of species of plants,

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it's one of the most diverse forests
in the world.

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The titan arum.

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This is the largest flowering structure
on the planet...

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[suspenseful music plays]

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...growing up to ten feet tall,

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the height of a basketball hoop.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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It only emerges after the plant
has been growing for a decade.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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But producing this huge bloom
saps a lot of energy.

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Flowering can only last two nights.

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So it has a clever way

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of rapidly attracting
the insects it needs for pollination.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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It produces a powerful scent.

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But this is no fragrant beauty.

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It reeks of rotting flesh.

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The huge red bloom
stretches up to five feet,

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adding to the illusion
of a fresh animal corpse.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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Then as night falls,
its greatest deception begins.

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[suspenseful music fades]

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Channeling ten years of stored energy,

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the arum pumps heat
into its central column,

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becoming as hot as blood.

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Like a chimney, rising heat carries
its stench up into the cool night air.

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[suspenseful music plays]

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For hundreds of scavenging insects,

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the draw is irresistible.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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[insects buzzing]

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[suspenseful music continues]

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[insects buzzing]

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They're lured
into the arum's inner chamber.

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[insects buzzing]

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A cavern filled
with male and female organs.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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As the insects search for the rotting meat
they've been promised...

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they find themselves
coated in pollen they will carry with them

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to other arums.

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[suspenseful music continues]

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And if they've already visited
another of these giants,

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they will pollinate this plant.

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[insects buzzing]

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[suspenseful music continues]

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Ten years of preparation
for a two-night show.

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The flower's energy is exhausted.

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The stragglers file out...

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before finally,

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in a matter of seconds...

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[suspenseful music crescendos]

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...the entire structure collapses.

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[dramatic music plays]

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Successfully pollinated,
another ten-year cycle is set in motion,

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toward more gigantic blooms.

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[tranquil music plays]

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Even within Leuser's lowlands,

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there are
extraordinarily different landscapes.

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[tranquil music continues]

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The park's rivers transport
its nutrient-rich soils

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downstream to the coast...

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where the forest meets the Indian Ocean...

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giving rise to a muddy mangrove swamp.

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[jaunty music plays]

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A mudskipper.

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[jaunty music continues]

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This fish is not confined
to the life aquatic.

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[jaunty music continues]

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Taking a big gulp of air...

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00:16:30,280 --> 00:16:33,400
and using fins that have a shoulder joint,

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he propels himself around.

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A fish that can walk.

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He spends most of his life
here on the mudflats.

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00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:53,920
His periscope-like eyes
have a lens like land-based animals,

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allowing him to see
far better out of water than in.

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His favorite meal is a formidable foe

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with razor-sharp pincers.

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If he can catch one
without getting nipped.

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[jaunty music plays]

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00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:39,320
Perhaps something softer?

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00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:41,880
[jaunty music continues]

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00:17:48,280 --> 00:17:49,720
These crabs are very agile...

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00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:54,680
especially for a fish out of water.

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00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:56,800
[jaunty music continues]

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00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:12,960
Finally, all that remains
is to disarm his prey.

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00:18:16,280 --> 00:18:19,240
Holding it in his mouth,
he uses a neat trick.

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00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:25,280
Shake a crab hard enough
and it will sacrifice its claw,

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the tastiest bit.

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[jaunty music plays]

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00:18:33,320 --> 00:18:35,160
But the loss is only temporary.

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00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:40,160
Within a month,
the crab will have grown a new claw.

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Maybe even bigger than before.

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00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:47,360
[jaunty music continues]

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00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:58,000
For this land-loving fish,
life is a never-ending crab-claw buffet.

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[jaunty music continues]

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00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:08,960
[jaunty music fades]

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00:19:12,560 --> 00:19:16,200
Heading inland,
Leuser quickly becomes mountainous.

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00:19:19,080 --> 00:19:22,080
The forest here is much more impenetrable.

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00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:27,760
Steep hills provide a last refuge
to Leuser's most endangered creature...

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00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:35,720
the rarely-glimpsed and surprisingly small

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00:19:37,440 --> 00:19:39,520
Sumatran rhinoceros.

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00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:42,800
[jaunty music plays]

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00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:46,160
Although only four feet tall,
it still weighs a ton.

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00:19:47,120 --> 00:19:50,840
Perfect for bulldozing through thickets
in search of lush foliage.

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00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:51,840
[rhino snorts]

238
00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:53,920
[jaunty music continues]

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00:19:55,520 --> 00:19:59,040
By pruning plants,
these rhinos benefit the forest,

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00:19:59,120 --> 00:20:01,000
making room for new tree growth.

241
00:20:02,120 --> 00:20:04,120
[tranquil music plays]

242
00:20:16,360 --> 00:20:20,600
They dig out mud wallows, which help them
stay cool in the midday heat...

243
00:20:21,800 --> 00:20:23,800
[tranquil music continues]

244
00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:33,840
...benefiting a range of neighbors.

245
00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:35,920
[tranquil music continues]

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00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:45,760
So the more rhinos,
the healthier the whole forest becomes.

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00:20:49,360 --> 00:20:51,680
Illegal hunting and habitat loss

248
00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:54,960
have reduced numbers
to just a handful in the wild.

249
00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:02,960
To save them from extinction,
rangers are constantly on patrol,

250
00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:05,640
deterring poachers

251
00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:10,240
and bringing the few remaining rhinos
into captivity outside the park.

252
00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:12,320
[tranquil music plays]

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00:21:15,920 --> 00:21:19,840
These rhinos now live in large,
guarded natural enclosures...

254
00:21:24,600 --> 00:21:25,880
where a breeding program

255
00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:29,120
hopes to reintroduce
their descendants into Leuser...

256
00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:36,280
and eventually restore the balance
of rain forest life.

257
00:21:36,360 --> 00:21:38,960
[tranquil music fades]

258
00:21:44,680 --> 00:21:48,640
There are many extraordinary relationships
between the creatures that live here.

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00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:52,680
Some, we are only just discovering.

260
00:21:52,760 --> 00:21:54,760
[tranquil music plays]

261
00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:01,560
Deep in Leuser's foothills,

262
00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:06,560
one of its smallest inhabitants
is unwittingly helped

263
00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:07,920
by its largest.

264
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:11,080
[rustling]

265
00:22:11,160 --> 00:22:13,200
[tranquil music continues]

266
00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:19,720
The Sumatran elephant.

267
00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:28,560
[low growling]

268
00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:37,200
[dramatic music plays]

269
00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:51,720
As they travel, they carve a network
of pathways hundreds of miles long.

270
00:22:51,800 --> 00:22:53,800
[dramatic music continues]

271
00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:08,080
[elephant trumpets]

272
00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:14,280
Many species rely on these paths
to get through the dense jungle.

273
00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:16,520
[dramatic music continues]

274
00:23:20,120 --> 00:23:23,560
But one resident depends
on these elephants more than most.

275
00:23:26,280 --> 00:23:27,280
A wart frog.

276
00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:32,160
She's only the size of a chicken's egg,

277
00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:35,680
but she has incredibly sharp senses.

278
00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:40,800
It's thought she detects vibrations
of the approaching herd

279
00:23:41,560 --> 00:23:44,440
using special cavities in her lungs.

280
00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:50,040
You'd expect her to get out of the way.

281
00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:54,560
Instead, she heads towards them.

282
00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:56,640
[dramatic music plays]

283
00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:00,560
[low growling]

284
00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:05,960
Straight into the crush zone!

285
00:24:06,040 --> 00:24:08,040
[dramatic music continues]

286
00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:12,800
But it's not the elephants themselves
she's drawn to.

287
00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:15,240
[dramatic music continues]

288
00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:16,720
[elephant growls]

289
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:19,800
The frog has a belly full of eggs,

290
00:24:20,840 --> 00:24:23,960
and she needs to lay them in still water.

291
00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:25,680
[elephant trumpets]

292
00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:27,960
[tense music plays]

293
00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:34,240
The elephant's footprints
make the perfect pop-up nursery.

294
00:24:47,040 --> 00:24:49,960
She's given her eggs
the best start in life

295
00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:53,120
and leaves them to hatch.

296
00:24:57,840 --> 00:24:59,840
[tense music plays]

297
00:25:03,760 --> 00:25:06,360
Within two weeks, they've become tadpoles.

298
00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:11,120
But until they transform into froglets,

299
00:25:11,200 --> 00:25:14,640
survival in their flooded footprint
is under threat.

300
00:25:18,040 --> 00:25:21,120
The tropical sun
can quickly dry out these pools.

301
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:23,200
[tense music continues]

302
00:25:26,360 --> 00:25:32,040
So, if water levels drop, these tadpoles
must get themselves out of trouble...

303
00:25:32,120 --> 00:25:34,120
[tense music continues]

304
00:25:36,160 --> 00:25:38,520
by doubling the speed
of their transformation.

305
00:25:40,480 --> 00:25:45,160
As froglets,
they can finally escape the drying ponds.

306
00:25:45,960 --> 00:25:47,960
[jaunty music plays]

307
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:51,880
[tense music plays]

308
00:25:53,160 --> 00:25:55,440
As long as they don't get squashed.

309
00:25:55,520 --> 00:25:57,720
[tense music continues]

310
00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:06,480
[tense music fades]

311
00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:11,320
Up in the treetops,
the stakes are even higher.

312
00:26:17,720 --> 00:26:20,720
Many of Leuser's animals
have mastered living up here.

313
00:26:22,560 --> 00:26:24,560
[tense music plays]

314
00:26:27,240 --> 00:26:31,920
But perhaps none are more daring
than the Thomas leaf monkey.

315
00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:34,600
Found only in Northern Sumatra,

316
00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:37,800
they roam in groups of up to 20.

317
00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:39,480
[jaunty music plays]

318
00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:41,200
One male leads the troop,

319
00:26:42,360 --> 00:26:45,040
and the rest are females and young.

320
00:26:47,280 --> 00:26:49,760
The adults are supremely agile.

321
00:26:52,480 --> 00:26:54,840
[jaunty music plays]

322
00:27:06,880 --> 00:27:09,000
Able to zip around the branches,

323
00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:12,440
they can leap large gaps with ease.

324
00:27:18,040 --> 00:27:21,800
But this two-year-old is still developing
the strength in his leg muscles...

325
00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:27,480
and he can't navigate the canopy
with the confidence of his elders.

326
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:29,840
[melancholy music plays]

327
00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:31,920
His mother used to carry him everywhere,

328
00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:35,360
but she has a new baby.

329
00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:41,240
And the youngster must now
find his own way in the world.

330
00:27:42,800 --> 00:27:46,160
Today, he faces
one of the biggest challenges of his life.

331
00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:48,240
[melancholy music continues]

332
00:27:52,560 --> 00:27:55,400
The troop have exhausted supplies
in this tree,

333
00:27:57,040 --> 00:27:58,240
so they have to move on.

334
00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:05,000
But it will take a giant leap
across a gap of more than 20 feet.

335
00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:07,080
[tense music plays]

336
00:28:09,800 --> 00:28:11,360
It's a three-story drop.

337
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:14,000
One mistake

338
00:28:15,360 --> 00:28:16,360
could be fatal.

339
00:28:16,400 --> 00:28:17,520
[tense music continues]

340
00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:22,040
The older monkeys have spent years
perfecting such large jumps.

341
00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:24,160
[dramatic music plays]

342
00:28:35,600 --> 00:28:39,960
Climbing to the topmost branches,
they launch...

343
00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:45,080
maneuvering their limbs
to control their descent.

344
00:28:45,160 --> 00:28:47,160
[dramatic music continues]

345
00:28:57,160 --> 00:29:00,960
Even Mom, with her new baby on her belly,

346
00:29:02,280 --> 00:29:04,400
tackles the distance with grace.

347
00:29:06,640 --> 00:29:09,440
[dramatic music fades]

348
00:29:13,040 --> 00:29:15,040
The two-year-old is up next.

349
00:29:15,960 --> 00:29:17,960
[melancholy music plays]

350
00:29:23,840 --> 00:29:25,760
[monkeys screeching]

351
00:29:26,680 --> 00:29:27,880
But it's all too much.

352
00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:30,400
[melancholy music continues]

353
00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:36,040
With the rest of the troop
feasting on the other side...

354
00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:38,640
[melancholy music continues]

355
00:29:42,120 --> 00:29:43,120
...he's stranded.

356
00:29:48,680 --> 00:29:50,280
Mom can't come to his rescue.

357
00:29:52,960 --> 00:29:54,200
[dramatic music plays]

358
00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:59,880
There's only one way to find out
if he's got what it takes.

359
00:29:59,960 --> 00:30:01,960
[dramatic music continues]

360
00:30:11,680 --> 00:30:12,840
[tense music plays]

361
00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:30,200
[tense music intensifies]

362
00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:54,400
Nailed it.

363
00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:01,120
[tranquil music plays]

364
00:31:01,200 --> 00:31:05,800
The first of many such giant leaps
he'll make on his journey to adulthood.

365
00:31:07,560 --> 00:31:09,560
[joyful music plays]

366
00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:18,720
And he gets a well-earned reward.

367
00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:20,800
[joyful music continues]

368
00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:25,200
Animals like the leaf monkeys

369
00:31:26,520 --> 00:31:29,520
help maintain the health
of Leuser's rain forest,

370
00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:33,760
spreading seeds
and natural fertilizers as they move.

371
00:31:34,800 --> 00:31:36,800
[tranquil music plays]

372
00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:42,440
Every species here is important.

373
00:31:43,520 --> 00:31:45,520
[tranquil music continues]

374
00:31:51,880 --> 00:31:53,080
Even the smallest

375
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,880
that lurk in the dark underworld
of the forest floor.

376
00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:03,440
[suspenseful music plays]

377
00:32:12,920 --> 00:32:15,880
The leafy gloom is home to a hunter,

378
00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:18,840
the hammerhead worm.

379
00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:21,520
[suspenseful music continues]

380
00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:25,440
This species of flatworm
with its distinctive bands

381
00:32:26,040 --> 00:32:28,520
is so new it's yet to be named.

382
00:32:30,800 --> 00:32:33,480
As predators go, it's extremely small.

383
00:32:34,520 --> 00:32:36,040
The length of a fingernail.

384
00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:38,720
But it is deadly.

385
00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,280
It's on the hunt
for a juicy slug or snail.

386
00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:49,080
They're everywhere in Leuser,

387
00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:52,480
devouring microscopic plants
and organisms...

388
00:32:54,800 --> 00:32:58,080
and also the fungi that's essential
for recycling plant debris.

389
00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:01,400
[suspenseful music plays]

390
00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:10,920
And this is where the hammerhead
plays its part,

391
00:33:12,840 --> 00:33:17,600
keeping their numbers down,
and so protecting the greenery.

392
00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:19,680
[suspenseful music continues]

393
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:22,840
Using chemical sensors in its hammerhead,

394
00:33:24,760 --> 00:33:27,480
it tastes the ground
for signs of a victim.

395
00:33:28,680 --> 00:33:30,680
[suspenseful music continues]

396
00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:36,240
Slugs and snails can't help
but leave an unmissable trail of slime.

397
00:33:37,040 --> 00:33:39,040
[suspenseful music continues]

398
00:33:44,600 --> 00:33:46,920
With just a hint of a shell on its back,

399
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:51,480
this curious creature
is called a semi-slug.

400
00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:54,360
The perfect prey.

401
00:33:56,560 --> 00:33:58,480
[tense music plays]

402
00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:15,880
[tense music continues]

403
00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:32,560
[tense music crescendos]

404
00:34:34,760 --> 00:34:39,440
Wrapping around its victim,
the flatworm pumps out mucus to trap it.

405
00:34:43,680 --> 00:34:45,400
Once the prey is disabled,

406
00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:49,840
it attacks the semi-slug
with toxins and digestive juices,

407
00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:52,080
breaking down its flesh...

408
00:34:52,880 --> 00:34:54,880
[tense music plays]

409
00:34:56,840 --> 00:35:00,720
...finally, swallowing it
through a mouth in the middle of its body.

410
00:35:00,800 --> 00:35:02,760
[tense music continues]

411
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:11,440
Within a matter of minutes,
all that remains is the translucent shell.

412
00:35:26,840 --> 00:35:30,520
There are predators
of all shapes and sizes across Leuser.

413
00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:41,760
But perhaps the most important
sits right at the top of the food chain.

414
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:47,960
To find it,
you have to travel even higher...

415
00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:50,160
[eerie music plays]

416
00:35:50,240 --> 00:35:53,080
...to the remote, fortress-like mountaintop,

417
00:35:53,160 --> 00:35:55,080
which gives the park its name...

418
00:35:56,800 --> 00:35:57,800
Mount Leuser.

419
00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:01,920
[eerie music continues]

420
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:04,880
Towering over 11,000 feet above sea level...

421
00:36:08,920 --> 00:36:10,480
often shrouded in mist...

422
00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:16,680
the forest is stunted...

423
00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:21,560
with patches of open moorland.

424
00:36:25,680 --> 00:36:28,520
It can be
up to 60 degrees Fahrenheit colder here

425
00:36:28,600 --> 00:36:30,680
than the humid jungles far below.

426
00:36:31,840 --> 00:36:33,840
[eerie music continues]

427
00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:40,640
Only the toughest of plants can survive.

428
00:36:42,320 --> 00:36:44,320
[eerie music continues]

429
00:36:46,760 --> 00:36:49,640
Clinging onto the rocks,
they hold the soil in place...

430
00:36:51,840 --> 00:36:54,720
preventing erosion
and retaining rainwater,

431
00:36:54,800 --> 00:36:58,160
which then flows steadily
into the forests far below.

432
00:37:04,200 --> 00:37:06,200
[eerie music continues]

433
00:37:07,520 --> 00:37:08,800
It's eerily quiet.

434
00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:16,920
Only a few animals
venture this far up the mountain.

435
00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:19,920
[tranquil music plays]

436
00:37:25,360 --> 00:37:30,600
The muntjac. A type of deer
that browses on the moorland plants.

437
00:37:30,680 --> 00:37:32,680
[tranquil music continues]

438
00:37:35,080 --> 00:37:38,360
Scientists hope research cameras
might finally record

439
00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:40,520
the predator which hunts them...

440
00:37:42,640 --> 00:37:45,080
filming it here for the first time.

441
00:37:48,080 --> 00:37:50,080
[tranquil music continues]

442
00:37:53,840 --> 00:37:55,640
But it is almost never seen.

443
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:02,320
So it takes patience.

444
00:38:02,400 --> 00:38:04,400
[tranquil music continues]

445
00:38:22,200 --> 00:38:23,800
[dramatic music plays]

446
00:38:23,880 --> 00:38:24,880
At last...

447
00:38:27,680 --> 00:38:29,480
in a high mountain pasture...

448
00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:33,960
a Sumatran tiger.

449
00:38:34,040 --> 00:38:36,040
[dramatic music continues]

450
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:44,120
This adult male is checking out
the scientific equipment

451
00:38:44,200 --> 00:38:45,320
left to record it.

452
00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:52,200
The terrain is so inaccessible

453
00:38:52,280 --> 00:38:56,720
that almost no studies have been made
into the Sumatran tiger's behavior.

454
00:38:56,800 --> 00:38:58,800
[dramatic music continues]

455
00:39:05,880 --> 00:39:09,280
But it's believed
that as they patrol the mountaintops,

456
00:39:10,440 --> 00:39:15,640
these tigers stop deer and other animals
from overgrazing the delicate vegetation.

457
00:39:15,720 --> 00:39:17,960
[dramatic music continues]

458
00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:32,960
And these precious images
prove that they're still here.

459
00:39:34,520 --> 00:39:36,320
As long as we protect the park,

460
00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:40,320
Sumatra's biggest cat
can remain king of the jungle.

461
00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:42,120
[dramatic music fades]

462
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:47,640
While Leuser's mountainous terrain
offers some natural protection...

463
00:39:48,360 --> 00:39:50,000
[tense music plays]

464
00:39:50,080 --> 00:39:54,280
...on the fringes of the park,
the risk to the wildlife is greater.

465
00:39:56,600 --> 00:40:01,240
Leuser's ecosystem continues
into an area twice the size of the park.

466
00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:05,000
Much of it is protected...

467
00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:11,800
but millions of people live in towns
and villages amongst these forests.

468
00:40:11,880 --> 00:40:13,880
[tense music continues]

469
00:40:15,680 --> 00:40:17,880
So having the support of local communities

470
00:40:17,960 --> 00:40:21,760
is crucial to keeping
Leuser's wildlife safe.

471
00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:29,280
[jaunty music plays]

472
00:40:31,320 --> 00:40:33,920
Hidden in the trees
on Leuser's southern border

473
00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:38,640
is a rarely-seen Sumatran slow loris.

474
00:40:38,720 --> 00:40:40,720
[jaunty music continues]

475
00:40:43,640 --> 00:40:44,880
She's got huge eyes

476
00:40:45,720 --> 00:40:48,680
that help her to see
in almost complete darkness.

477
00:40:52,080 --> 00:40:55,800
This mother has a young baby
just a few weeks old,

478
00:40:57,440 --> 00:41:00,160
but he's already too big
for her to carry as she feeds.

479
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:05,680
Leaving him seems risky.

480
00:41:09,720 --> 00:41:12,360
Rival lorises
can be viciously territorial.

481
00:41:16,080 --> 00:41:18,560
And the forest here is full of snakes.

482
00:41:21,160 --> 00:41:22,560
[tense music plays]

483
00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:25,240
But lorises have a secret weapon.

484
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:31,440
Their bite contains a deadly toxin,

485
00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:36,400
making them the only venomous primate
on the planet.

486
00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:40,360
Even this youngster.

487
00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:42,440
[tense music continues]

488
00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:45,920
So Mom can just hide him among the leaves

489
00:41:47,000 --> 00:41:48,920
while she goes foraging on her own.

490
00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:50,240
[tense music continues]

491
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:58,760
It's extremely unusual
to see slow lorises venture to the ground.

492
00:42:00,080 --> 00:42:02,200
[quicker tense music plays]

493
00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:05,600
But she has to
to get to one of her favorite foods,

494
00:42:06,560 --> 00:42:07,840
the calliandra.

495
00:42:07,920 --> 00:42:09,840
[tense music continues]

496
00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:15,440
Its sweet-smelling nectar is packed with
the energy she needs to nourish her baby.

497
00:42:19,240 --> 00:42:21,960
But these flowering bushes
have been planted by farmers

498
00:42:23,320 --> 00:42:25,240
to shade their coffee crops.

499
00:42:26,760 --> 00:42:30,760
And lorises' proximity to humans
has given them a problem.

500
00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:35,160
Traffickers in the illegal pet trade

501
00:42:35,840 --> 00:42:39,160
have hunted these cute creatures
to the edge of extinction.

502
00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:41,920
[tense music continues]

503
00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:49,400
But fortunately, this community is part
of a new scheme that protects them.

504
00:42:53,600 --> 00:42:55,920
The farmers get a better price
for their coffee

505
00:42:56,560 --> 00:42:58,720
for leaving the lorises alone.

506
00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:00,800
[jaunty music plays]

507
00:43:02,160 --> 00:43:04,280
And the lorises help the farmers,

508
00:43:04,840 --> 00:43:06,720
because when they eat the calliandra,

509
00:43:07,440 --> 00:43:08,720
they pollinate it.

510
00:43:08,800 --> 00:43:10,800
[jaunty music continues]

511
00:43:12,600 --> 00:43:15,760
As dawn approaches,
she must return to her baby

512
00:43:17,120 --> 00:43:19,720
and get back to the business
of being a mom.

513
00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:21,560
[tranquil music plays]

514
00:43:29,400 --> 00:43:32,760
Local communities can also help
to combat the biggest threat...

515
00:43:34,920 --> 00:43:36,080
deforestation.

516
00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:43,480
Leuser is so vast,
it's almost impossible to patrol.

517
00:43:43,560 --> 00:43:45,920
[foreboding music plays]

518
00:43:46,000 --> 00:43:47,520
Every single hour,

519
00:43:47,600 --> 00:43:50,280
more than a football field
of forest is cleared,

520
00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:52,440
much of it illegally,

521
00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:55,920
to make room for growing palm oil.

522
00:43:56,000 --> 00:43:58,000
[foreboding music continues]

523
00:43:59,280 --> 00:44:04,640
Palm oil is used in up to 50% of products
on our supermarket shelves,

524
00:44:04,720 --> 00:44:06,880
from cookies to shampoo.

525
00:44:10,320 --> 00:44:13,360
These plantations are lifeless

526
00:44:13,440 --> 00:44:15,800
compared to the richness
of the rain forest.

527
00:44:16,320 --> 00:44:18,320
[tranquil music plays]

528
00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:26,320
But some communities
are taking part in a fight back...

529
00:44:26,400 --> 00:44:28,640
[tranquil music continues]

530
00:44:28,720 --> 00:44:30,640
[engine revs]

531
00:44:30,720 --> 00:44:32,720
[chainsaw revs]

532
00:44:32,800 --> 00:44:35,680
...working with conservationists
to remove the plantations.

533
00:44:36,200 --> 00:44:40,600
[chainsaw revs]

534
00:44:41,240 --> 00:44:43,200
A small subsidy and a chance

535
00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:46,040
to grow a few profitable fruit trees
within the forest

536
00:44:46,120 --> 00:44:49,600
gives an incentive
and helps safeguard their futures.

537
00:44:55,640 --> 00:44:57,560
[tranquil music plays]

538
00:45:04,840 --> 00:45:06,000
[tree thuds]

539
00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:08,080
[tranquil music continues]

540
00:45:09,640 --> 00:45:13,880
On the recovered land,
Leuser quickly produces wonders.

541
00:45:16,600 --> 00:45:20,080
The wind brings seeds
from healthy forests nearby.

542
00:45:23,440 --> 00:45:26,480
Microorganisms help to heal the soil.

543
00:45:27,120 --> 00:45:28,920
In just a matter of months,

544
00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:31,920
ferns and other plants
grow over the old site.

545
00:45:35,080 --> 00:45:37,000
The pollinators move in.

546
00:45:38,440 --> 00:45:41,240
Mammals and birds spread more seeds.

547
00:45:41,320 --> 00:45:43,320
[tranquil music continues]

548
00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:49,360
And in as little as four years,

549
00:45:49,440 --> 00:45:52,320
a thriving forest reappears.

550
00:45:52,400 --> 00:45:54,240
[tranquil music continues]

551
00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:02,000
As it does so, animals start to return.

552
00:46:02,600 --> 00:46:04,600
[tranquil music continues]

553
00:46:09,920 --> 00:46:13,120
Eventually, giant trees will grow.

554
00:46:15,240 --> 00:46:18,520
They'll absorb more and more
carbon dioxide from our atmosphere,

555
00:46:19,320 --> 00:46:22,720
enriching it instead with oxygen,

556
00:46:23,720 --> 00:46:25,440
which benefits us all.

557
00:46:26,640 --> 00:46:28,640
[tranquil music continues]

558
00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:33,320
By protecting this forest,

559
00:46:33,400 --> 00:46:36,840
Asia's most endangered creatures
will still have a home.

560
00:46:43,200 --> 00:46:48,040
While still an infant, this Sumatran
orangutan was taken from the forest

561
00:46:48,640 --> 00:46:50,400
and sold into the pet trade.

562
00:46:50,920 --> 00:46:53,200
[melancholy music plays]

563
00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:55,200
After years of captivity,

564
00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:56,760
she was finally rescued

565
00:46:56,840 --> 00:47:01,280
and brought back
to live freely again in the treetops.

566
00:47:07,320 --> 00:47:10,400
And now, she has another to care for.

567
00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:18,480
Less than two weeks old.

568
00:47:20,600 --> 00:47:24,360
So small she could fit
in the palm of your hand.

569
00:47:24,440 --> 00:47:26,280
[tranquil music plays]

570
00:47:28,600 --> 00:47:30,960
These tender moments are the beginnings

571
00:47:31,040 --> 00:47:34,720
of one of the closest
mother/baby bonds in nature.

572
00:47:34,800 --> 00:47:36,800
[tranquil music continues]

573
00:47:44,200 --> 00:47:45,200
For eight years,

574
00:47:45,720 --> 00:47:48,680
she will live
within arm's reach of her mother,

575
00:47:50,640 --> 00:47:53,520
who will teach her
everything she needs to survive.

576
00:47:56,960 --> 00:47:58,680
Gunung Leuser National Park

577
00:47:59,720 --> 00:48:02,160
and the vast ecosystem that surrounds it

578
00:48:03,320 --> 00:48:05,040
is a place of hope

579
00:48:06,880 --> 00:48:10,720
and an opportunity
to protect its unique wildlife...

580
00:48:13,320 --> 00:48:17,040
in this, their last precious refuge.

581
00:48:17,120 --> 00:48:19,120
[tranquil music continues]

582
00:48:20,640 --> 00:48:23,640
National parks are one
of our greatest achievements.

583
00:48:25,840 --> 00:48:30,040
Over time, we've created nearly
a quarter of a million protected spaces

584
00:48:30,120 --> 00:48:32,000
in almost every country on Earth.

585
00:48:32,080 --> 00:48:34,080
[dramatic music plays]

586
00:48:40,640 --> 00:48:45,160
But in this world that's getting warmer
and more crowded, we've got to do more.

587
00:48:46,720 --> 00:48:48,760
[dramatic music continues]

588
00:48:48,840 --> 00:48:49,880
[horn blares]

589
00:48:49,960 --> 00:48:53,520
And if we're going to hang on
to more of these wild places we depend on,

590
00:48:54,080 --> 00:48:56,000
each of us has a role to play.

591
00:48:57,360 --> 00:48:59,840
Demand to protect our last wildernesses

592
00:49:01,040 --> 00:49:02,320
for future generations.

593
00:49:03,240 --> 00:49:05,640
[tranquil music plays]

594
00:49:05,720 --> 00:49:08,520
Campaign to create more,
wherever you live,

595
00:49:09,640 --> 00:49:12,840
and insist they're accessible
for everyone.

596
00:49:13,480 --> 00:49:15,480
[tranquil music continues]

597
00:49:17,760 --> 00:49:21,400
Push your own communities
to adopt smarter climate practices.

598
00:49:24,480 --> 00:49:27,840
And vote like the planet depends on it.

599
00:49:27,920 --> 00:49:29,920
[tranquil music continues]

600
00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:32,760
There's no more time to waste.

601
00:49:33,440 --> 00:49:36,280
The world we leave to our children
is too important.

602
00:49:37,360 --> 00:49:39,360
The time to act is now.

603
00:49:40,880 --> 00:49:42,920
[tranquil music continues]