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‪NETFLIX 紀錄片系列

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‪天空的王者

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‪自由的象徵

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‪非凡的獵手

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‪我們視猛禽為無情的殺手

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‪但牠們還有另外的一面

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‪出乎意料地聰明

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‪驚人的適應力

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‪並且比你想像的

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‪更加體貼關懷

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‪劇名：猛禽

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‪（密西西比河上游，美國）

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‪嚴冬時分

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‪這隻雌禿鷹

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‪正在分娩

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‪牠的卵需要35天才會孵化

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‪為了迎接春天

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‪牠必須現在產卵

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‪但在這個時節

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‪天氣可能驟變

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‪卵若暴露在外

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‪幾分鐘內就會結冰

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‪但禿鷹很強悍

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‪牠會不計代價

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‪全力保護

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‪不只是媽媽

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‪還有牠的終生伴侶

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‪這對夫妻全心要培育下一代的

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‪空中獵手

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‪全世界有超過三百種的猛禽

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‪最大的猛禽，翼幅長達2.7公尺

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‪最小的

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‪不過是蝴蝶的尺寸

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‪無論牠們在哪裡棲息
‪天空都歸牠們掌管

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‪從茂密的叢林

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‪到冰封的北極

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‪從乾旱的沙漠

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‪到巍峨的山脈

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‪猛禽都是肉食動物

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‪皆有相同的武器

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‪牠們獵捕的對象與方式

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‪造就出這群驚人的

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‪蒼穹刺客

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‪（迪恩森林，英國）

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‪沒有顯著的飛行路線

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‪加上太多藏身之處

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‪使得猛禽幾乎無法獵食

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‪除非是林地的主人

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‪蒼鷹

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‪具有全部的技能與配備

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‪尖銳的雙目視覺

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‪鋒利的鉤喙用來撕裂肉體

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‪大型彎曲的爪子

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‪用來抓取獵物

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‪這是標準配備

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‪牠的獨特之處

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‪在於追捕獵物的方式

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‪拍打幾下翅膀

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‪時速就達51.5公里

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‪幾乎是猛禽中最快的

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‪利用尾巴來減速

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‪牠能瞬間轉向

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‪將翅膀縮短

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‪鑽過狹小的縫隙

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‪牠得儘快襲擊目標，免得獵物躲起來

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‪牠緊靠地形，遮掩行蹤

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‪如果第一次出手失利

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‪蒼鷹不只敏捷

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‪也很有耐心

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‪蒼鷹出沒於北半球的林地

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‪牠們能無往不利
‪要歸功於其驚人的敏捷度

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‪但光就速度而言

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‪另一種猛禽

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‪是無可匹敵的

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‪世上最快的動物

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‪遊隼

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‪最高時速超過386公里

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‪俯衝下撲

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‪遊隼生命蓬勃

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‪全世界都有牠們的蹤跡

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‪（威河谷，英國）

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‪懸崖是遊隼最愛的棲息地

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‪站在懸崖上有利於尋找獵物

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‪以及產生上升氣流

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‪遊隼藉此飛上天邊

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‪然後俯衝攻擊

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‪多數猛禽致勝的關鍵

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‪取決於飛行技術

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‪（高地草原，南非）

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‪但總是有一種反其道而行

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‪這是蛇鷲

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‪這不是典型的猛禽

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‪這種猛禽

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‪踩著高蹺

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‪大概是七歲兒童的高度

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‪牠雖然會飛行

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‪但偏好步行

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‪一天最多可走29公里

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‪這雙長腿不只可以行走

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‪還能幫助牠觀察高草間的動物

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‪蛇鷲看起來有點笨拙

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‪但不要上當

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‪那一踢是能致命的

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‪釋放出20公斤力

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‪就在彈指之間

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‪牠的動作必須要快

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‪這隻現代迅猛龍

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‪也是一個媽媽

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‪兩隻小鳥，就快長大成年了

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‪總是飢腸轆轆

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‪在禿鷹巢這邊

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‪養育子女的責任也越來越重了

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‪一旦冰雪融化

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‪神奇的時刻就來臨了

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‪兩隻剛孵化的雛鳥

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‪無論任何天氣

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‪任何時間

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‪媽媽都會盡力保護雛鳥

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‪但腳上有這些爪子

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‪牠必須小心移動

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‪爸媽輪流孵卵

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‪獵取食物

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‪爸媽輪流照顧

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‪雛鳥能有個最好的開始

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‪四天後

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‪最後一顆卵孵化了

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‪最大的雛鳥重量已經增加一倍

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‪除非父母能提供大量的食物

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‪否則最小的孩子撐不了多久

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‪猛禽在鳥巢裡是最脆弱的

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{\an8}‪（喀拉哈里沙漠，非洲南部）

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{\an8}‪鳥類在這片炎熱的沙漠
‪很快就會死亡

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‪除非有遮陽的地方

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‪織布鳥

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‪會築大型的公共鳥巢

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‪裡面的溫度最多能降低攝氏9度

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‪受惠於這些鳥巢的，不只織布鳥

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‪牠們的鳥巢吸引了一對非洲侏隼

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‪非洲侏隼是世界上小型的猛禽

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‪這兩隻擅闖的非洲侏隼

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‪享用了織布鳥辛苦的成果

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‪有時候

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‪甚至把牠們吞下肚

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‪但說到恐怖鄰居

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‪織布鳥還有更大的麻煩

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‪這個生命之巢

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‪吸引了各種掠食者的目光

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‪織布鳥看似手無寸鐵

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‪但牠們有支安全部隊

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‪準備抵禦各種攻擊

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‪非洲侏隼只有拳頭的大小

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‪力氣卻非常大

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‪幸好

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‪這些勇猛的小戰士還算節制

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‪每季只吃掉幾隻織布鳥

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‪大部分時間

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‪附近還有很多獵物

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‪對織布鳥來說
‪起碼牠們熟悉非洲侏隼的習性

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‪對非洲侏隼而言

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‪在荒涼的沙漠

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‪這裡既可找到食物，又能避暑

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‪可謂一舉兩得

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‪（亞馬遜雨林，法屬圭亞那）

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‪南美洲這個偏遠角落

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‪到處生機勃勃

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‪每個生物都要適得其所

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‪在食物鏈頂端的

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‪是7公斤重的角鵰

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‪但這裡的另一種猛禽

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‪習性有點不一樣

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‪紅喉卡拉卡拉鷹

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‪卡拉卡拉鷹感應到威脅時

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‪便會昭告天下

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‪導致最強的掠食者無法大顯身手

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‪卡拉卡拉鷹可謂世上
‪社交能力最強、最聰明的猛禽

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‪有了這兩項致勝技能

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‪牠們能夠攻擊
‪連角鵰都不敢碰的獵物

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‪黃蜂

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‪通常最好不要碰

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‪但透過分工合作

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‪卡拉卡拉鷹想出了對策

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‪首先，直接靠近蜂巢

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‪蜂巢開始騷動後

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‪黃蜂便四處飛竄

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‪接下來，出面打劫

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‪要有膽識才能成功

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‪但只要鼓起一點勇氣

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‪就能完成任務

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‪如果一隻卡拉卡拉鷹能忍受痛苦

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‪黃蜂最終會放棄蜂巢

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‪這些像紙一樣的結構

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‪跟厚紙板一樣沒營養

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‪但藏在蜂巢裡的

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‪是肥美多汁的幼蟲

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‪一隻卡拉卡拉鷹展現勇氣
‪所有同伴都受惠

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‪等牠吃飽後，同伴就出來分贓

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‪食物來得正是時候

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‪雨林的生活很不簡單

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‪但卡拉卡拉鷹能夠占得先機

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‪因為牠們不屈不撓、互助合作

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‪猛禽大都不會分工合作

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‪就算在鳥巢裡，競爭也是很激烈

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‪禿鷹出生後，體型每天可長大兩成

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‪但最小的雛鳥只能勉強跟上

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‪餵食的時候

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‪牠都排在最後面

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‪再過兩個多月

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‪這些雛鳥的體型
‪必須是現在的十倍大

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‪準備展翅高飛

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‪但如果食物不夠

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‪年長的雛鳥會攻擊年幼的雛鳥

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‪三隻雛鳥同時存活的機率很低

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‪父母很努力

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‪要讓孩子都活下來

215
00:22:49,786 --> 00:22:51,037
‪（龍山山脈，南非）

216
00:22:51,121 --> 00:22:52,414
‪覓得足夠的食物

217
00:22:52,497 --> 00:22:55,625
‪對猛禽來說，從來不是容易的事

218
00:22:58,878 --> 00:23:01,464
‪但有些猛禽卻看似輕鬆自然

219
00:23:11,891 --> 00:23:13,726
‪禿鷲利用熱能

220
00:23:15,186 --> 00:23:17,063
‪上升的暖空氣柱

221
00:23:17,147 --> 00:23:18,648
‪來增加高度

222
00:23:22,026 --> 00:23:26,573
‪達到足夠的高度後
‪有些禿鷲不必拍動翅膀

223
00:23:26,656 --> 00:23:28,533
‪就能飛越160公里

224
00:23:33,913 --> 00:23:35,165
‪一路上

225
00:23:35,248 --> 00:23:38,501
‪牠們用敏銳的眼力搜尋獵物

226
00:23:48,386 --> 00:23:50,638
‪禿鷲以腐肉為食

227
00:24:00,273 --> 00:24:03,234
‪禿鷲啃噬動物的屍體
‪壞了自己的名聲

228
00:24:03,318 --> 00:24:07,197
‪但牠們是唯一不殺生的猛禽

229
00:24:10,950 --> 00:24:14,662
‪牠們是大自然重要的清道夫

230
00:24:20,502 --> 00:24:22,045
‪這看似混亂

231
00:24:22,128 --> 00:24:23,796
‪其實有強弱次序

232
00:24:25,423 --> 00:24:27,759
‪光是非洲南部

233
00:24:27,842 --> 00:24:29,802
‪就有九種禿鷲

234
00:24:30,512 --> 00:24:32,889
‪每種禿鷲都有自己的角色

235
00:24:34,349 --> 00:24:36,518
‪首先是中量級禿鷲

236
00:24:37,143 --> 00:24:38,728
‪白背禿鷲

237
00:24:46,694 --> 00:24:49,864
‪牠們群起吞噬動物主要的屍體

238
00:24:51,241 --> 00:24:53,535
‪內臟和肉體

239
00:25:02,043 --> 00:25:04,087
‪再來是重量級禿鷲

240
00:25:05,838 --> 00:25:08,925
‪肉垂禿鷲的重量超過6.8公斤

241
00:25:09,008 --> 00:25:11,302
‪是非洲數一數二的大型禿鷲

242
00:25:13,638 --> 00:25:15,181
‪牠們靠近時

243
00:25:15,265 --> 00:25:17,141
‪大家都退避三舍

244
00:25:20,979 --> 00:25:24,399
‪肉垂禿鷲有力的鳥喙
‪能撕裂韌帶與獸皮

245
00:25:25,650 --> 00:25:28,611
‪打開屍體其他的部分

246
00:25:28,695 --> 00:25:30,280
‪讓最後一輪的禿鷲食用

247
00:25:32,365 --> 00:25:33,616
‪輕量級禿鷲

248
00:25:36,119 --> 00:25:38,746
‪冠兀禿鷲站在一旁

249
00:25:39,414 --> 00:25:41,708
‪有東西就撿來吃

250
00:25:41,791 --> 00:25:43,585
‪耐心等候別人吃完

251
00:25:47,005 --> 00:25:48,631
‪其他禿鷲都吃完後

252
00:25:49,591 --> 00:25:52,635
‪牠們會把骨頭上的肉啃得一乾二淨

253
00:25:55,847 --> 00:25:59,601
‪禿鷲做這些骯髒的工作
‪讓地球保持乾淨

254
00:26:03,855 --> 00:26:06,608
‪牠們的胃就像汽車電池一樣酸

255
00:26:06,691 --> 00:26:10,111
‪能消滅吃進的細菌和病毒

256
00:26:11,821 --> 00:26:14,657
‪並讓傳播疾病的昆蟲

257
00:26:14,741 --> 00:26:16,159
‪無處滋生

258
00:26:23,416 --> 00:26:24,959
‪我們需要禿鷲

259
00:26:26,294 --> 00:26:28,129
‪但牠們的數量正在暴跌

260
00:26:29,213 --> 00:26:31,299
‪短短15年

261
00:26:31,382 --> 00:26:34,969
‪97％的印度禿鷲就相繼死亡

262
00:26:36,638 --> 00:26:39,682
‪牠們因吃下牛隻的屍體而中毒

263
00:26:39,766 --> 00:26:42,852
‪那些牛隻的體內
‪有雙氯芬酸這種止痛藥

264
00:26:45,521 --> 00:26:48,566
‪野狗取而代之，吃下那些腐肉後

265
00:26:48,650 --> 00:26:50,693
‪導致狂犬病

266
00:26:50,777 --> 00:26:53,446
‪結核病和炭疽病數量上升

267
00:26:55,865 --> 00:26:58,576
‪其他猛禽也遭遇類似的命運

268
00:27:01,037 --> 00:27:02,288
‪1950年代

269
00:27:02,372 --> 00:27:05,291
‪DDT是一種自由使用的殺蟲劑

270
00:27:06,292 --> 00:27:09,879
‪但這種殺蟲劑
‪對禿鷹的蛋有毀滅性的影響

271
00:27:10,630 --> 00:27:14,008
‪幾乎消滅了這種象徵性的物種

272
00:27:16,594 --> 00:27:19,222
‪大家意識到這種影響後

273
00:27:19,305 --> 00:27:21,015
‪便立刻禁用DDT

274
00:27:22,308 --> 00:27:23,851
‪50年內

275
00:27:23,935 --> 00:27:27,188
‪禿鷹的數量已是過去的七倍

276
00:27:32,402 --> 00:27:35,279
‪許多猛禽的生命仍受到威脅

277
00:27:39,242 --> 00:27:42,161
‪人類認為
‪猛禽對牲畜和野生動物有威脅

278
00:27:42,245 --> 00:27:43,830
‪因此加以迫害

279
00:27:45,581 --> 00:27:47,458
‪棲息地受到破壞後

280
00:27:49,252 --> 00:27:51,254
‪食物與蔽身之處就消失了

281
00:27:54,507 --> 00:27:58,010
‪但在現代的世界
‪並非所有猛禽都命運多舛

282
00:28:02,432 --> 00:28:06,477
‪（倫敦，英國）

283
00:28:09,981 --> 00:28:13,234
‪猛禽在這裡看似難以生存

284
00:28:18,156 --> 00:28:20,074
‪但若能適應

285
00:28:21,033 --> 00:28:23,411
‪這是個充滿機會的世界

286
00:28:28,708 --> 00:28:30,209
‪在市中心

287
00:28:30,793 --> 00:28:33,880
‪巴特錫發電站著名的煙囪

288
00:28:33,963 --> 00:28:36,799
‪高度超過91公尺

289
00:28:39,427 --> 00:28:42,722
‪有一對遊隼棲息於此

290
00:28:46,434 --> 00:28:49,228
‪牠們把水泥牆當作懸崖

291
00:28:55,610 --> 00:28:57,779
‪都市生活有它的優勢

292
00:29:03,576 --> 00:29:05,286
‪這裡光線充足

293
00:29:05,369 --> 00:29:08,080
‪遊隼可以在晚上獵食

294
00:29:17,965 --> 00:29:21,427
‪牠們分頭進行，擴大搜尋範圍

295
00:29:29,143 --> 00:29:31,854
‪雌遊隼的體型較大

296
00:29:31,938 --> 00:29:34,440
‪夜間獵食的經驗較多

297
00:29:45,201 --> 00:29:47,995
‪牠雙眼的銳利度是人類的兩倍

298
00:29:49,205 --> 00:29:51,332
‪多虧眼睛這麼大

299
00:29:51,999 --> 00:29:53,876
‪能在頭骨內碰觸

300
00:29:56,420 --> 00:29:59,590
‪牠搖動頭部，把目標分成三角形

301
00:30:01,801 --> 00:30:03,886
‪但在城市獵捕鴿子

302
00:30:03,970 --> 00:30:05,304
‪是有風險的

303
00:30:09,183 --> 00:30:11,936
‪建築物這麼多，俯衝是危險的動作

304
00:30:16,607 --> 00:30:20,528
‪城市遊隼被迫用困難的方式獵食

305
00:30:31,873 --> 00:30:33,124
‪平行追逐

306
00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:39,630
‪掠食者與獵物的速度比較旗鼓相當

307
00:30:47,013 --> 00:30:48,806
‪但就算不能俯衝

308
00:30:50,433 --> 00:30:51,934
‪就算是夜晚

309
00:30:56,814 --> 00:31:00,151
‪大自然的高手很少失手

310
00:31:08,492 --> 00:31:12,371
‪遊隼已散布在世界各地的城市

311
00:31:13,331 --> 00:31:15,249
‪從紐約到雪梨

312
00:31:17,293 --> 00:31:21,130
‪每到繁殖季節，數量便持續增加

313
00:31:31,307 --> 00:31:33,100
‪在禿鷹的鳥巢裡

314
00:31:34,310 --> 00:31:36,228
‪雛鳥已經長大了

315
00:31:37,563 --> 00:31:39,106
‪三隻都存活了下來

316
00:31:40,191 --> 00:31:42,068
‪全都身強體健

317
00:31:44,445 --> 00:31:47,949
‪而且終於長出了飛羽

318
00:31:50,117 --> 00:31:54,163
‪雛鳥得以生存
‪證明爸媽盡心盡力地照顧

319
00:31:56,123 --> 00:31:59,085
‪六個月來，牠們努力不懈

320
00:32:03,130 --> 00:32:05,383
‪但現在牠們帶回的食物變少了

321
00:32:07,510 --> 00:32:09,011
‪暗示小禿鷹

322
00:32:09,637 --> 00:32:11,514
‪該離開鳥巢了

323
00:32:15,977 --> 00:32:18,396
‪飛行的技藝需要練習

324
00:32:27,822 --> 00:32:29,407
‪條件必須配合

325
00:32:34,245 --> 00:32:38,124
‪天氣轉晴後
‪牠們要飛翔的心意就更堅定了

326
00:32:49,719 --> 00:32:52,638
‪但外面的世界很新鮮，也很費解

327
00:33:02,815 --> 00:33:05,651
‪其他鳥類對掠食者都抱持敵意

328
00:33:08,863 --> 00:33:11,115
‪離家太遠還滿可怕的

329
00:33:14,410 --> 00:33:15,703
‪而且需要時間

330
00:33:17,496 --> 00:33:18,748
‪才能站穩腳步

331
00:33:22,668 --> 00:33:24,920
‪通往成年的路途遙遠

332
00:33:25,004 --> 00:33:27,006
‪這只是開端而已

333
00:33:34,847 --> 00:33:35,973
‪幸好

334
00:33:36,057 --> 00:33:38,768
‪爸媽還會照顧牠們一陣子

335
00:33:44,315 --> 00:33:48,069
‪猛禽不是天生的殺手

336
00:33:50,780 --> 00:33:53,532
‪牠們需要時間來精進技能

337
00:33:57,661 --> 00:33:59,121
‪三個月來

338
00:33:59,205 --> 00:34:04,168
‪小蛇鷲所需的一切都由父母張羅

339
00:34:07,004 --> 00:34:10,424
‪現在牠們必須開始自力更生了

340
00:34:15,429 --> 00:34:17,765
‪一隻小蛇鷲帶頭衝鋒

341
00:34:22,019 --> 00:34:23,604
‪手足跟上來後

342
00:34:25,397 --> 00:34:26,524
‪狩獵就開始了

343
00:34:30,528 --> 00:34:32,655
‪找尋獵物需要敏銳的眼睛

344
00:34:33,405 --> 00:34:35,032
‪與長途的跋涉

345
00:34:40,996 --> 00:34:43,624
‪獵物不是那麼好抓的

346
00:35:07,773 --> 00:35:09,441
‪終於到手了

347
00:35:11,819 --> 00:35:14,697
‪但一隻小蜥蜴根本算不上點心

348
00:35:18,117 --> 00:35:20,411
‪幸好，媽媽出面了

349
00:35:30,129 --> 00:35:33,215
‪牠會繼續餵養孩子兩個月

350
00:35:35,676 --> 00:35:37,344
‪讓笨拙的孩子

351
00:35:38,679 --> 00:35:40,848
‪學習成為致命殺手

352
00:35:42,391 --> 00:35:43,642
‪就像媽媽一樣

353
00:35:48,230 --> 00:35:51,233
‪猛禽很少有這麼盡職的父母

354
00:35:56,906 --> 00:36:00,826
‪猛禽大半輩子都在養育雛鳥

355
00:36:03,829 --> 00:36:05,873
‪提供保護

356
00:36:06,916 --> 00:36:08,417
‪與得來不易的食物

357
00:36:10,002 --> 00:36:11,462
‪確保有一天

358
00:36:12,296 --> 00:36:14,006
‪牠們的孩子可以

359
00:36:14,548 --> 00:36:16,592
‪自食其力

360
00:36:22,681 --> 00:36:27,019
‪（密西西比河上游，美國）

361
00:36:27,102 --> 00:36:28,229
‪晚秋時分

362
00:36:32,691 --> 00:36:36,403
‪數以百計的禿鷹從四面八方前來

363
00:36:38,822 --> 00:36:41,575
‪獵捕遷徙的水禽

364
00:36:46,413 --> 00:36:49,291
‪幼鷹需要自立自強

365
00:36:55,422 --> 00:36:58,342
‪爸媽不會再替牠們張羅一切

366
00:37:01,512 --> 00:37:04,223
‪牠們必須觀摩學習

367
00:37:08,936 --> 00:37:10,688
‪在風中滑翔

368
00:37:10,771 --> 00:37:13,941
‪成年的禿鷹選擇出手的時機

369
00:37:16,110 --> 00:37:18,362
‪大鷭閃避的速度很快

370
00:37:21,699 --> 00:37:23,826
‪但不能長期躲在水裡

371
00:37:34,253 --> 00:37:35,796
‪捕捉獵物很難

372
00:37:37,256 --> 00:37:39,675
‪要一路抓住更難

373
00:37:48,183 --> 00:37:50,936
‪最好放棄，避免一場搏鬥

374
00:37:57,109 --> 00:37:59,862
‪該付諸行動，有樣學樣了

375
00:38:19,840 --> 00:38:20,716
‪成功的訣竅

376
00:38:21,550 --> 00:38:23,552
‪是讓獵物措手不及

377
00:38:26,722 --> 00:38:28,599
‪說起來容易，做起來難

378
00:38:40,194 --> 00:38:42,488
‪每次失手

379
00:38:44,490 --> 00:38:46,742
‪每次獵物逃走

380
00:38:48,702 --> 00:38:50,371
‪牠就調整時間

381
00:38:51,830 --> 00:38:53,415
‪與攻擊的角度

382
00:39:11,642 --> 00:39:13,185
‪終於

383
00:39:16,355 --> 00:39:18,482
‪但牠太專注於離開

384
00:39:19,733 --> 00:39:21,193
‪犯了錯誤

385
00:39:23,362 --> 00:39:24,405
‪現在

386
00:39:26,156 --> 00:39:27,908
‪競爭者出現了

387
00:39:34,206 --> 00:39:37,751
‪這隻年輕的禿鷹決心要奪回獵物

388
00:39:46,093 --> 00:39:48,512
‪但今天手氣不佳

389
00:39:51,056 --> 00:39:53,267
‪白天越來越短了

390
00:39:57,896 --> 00:39:59,690
‪隨著溫度下降

391
00:39:59,773 --> 00:40:02,401
‪禿鷹需要更多的能量來保暖

392
00:40:06,280 --> 00:40:08,532
‪但還是沒有獵物

393
00:40:11,785 --> 00:40:15,414
‪一半以上的幼鷹
‪活不過人生的第一個冬天

394
00:40:19,626 --> 00:40:22,045
‪機不可失

395
00:40:47,571 --> 00:40:48,697
‪這次

396
00:40:51,116 --> 00:40:52,701
‪牠不放手

397
00:41:01,627 --> 00:41:03,587
‪就在幾個月前

398
00:41:03,670 --> 00:41:07,132
‪這些幼鷹來到世界上，無力照顧自己

399
00:41:08,717 --> 00:41:13,096
‪多虧牠們的殺手本能
‪與父母無私的奉獻

400
00:41:14,014 --> 00:41:17,726
‪牠們已經變成羽翼豐滿的猛禽

401
00:41:22,773 --> 00:41:26,360
‪牠們要到五歲，頭部才會變成白色

402
00:41:29,112 --> 00:41:32,741
‪到時候，牠們才能開始生兒育女

403
00:41:37,412 --> 00:41:39,289
‪把牠們的技能

404
00:41:41,917 --> 00:41:43,585
‪傳給下一代

405
00:42:33,051 --> 00:42:34,928
‪字幕翻譯：黃英哲