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‪NETFLIX 紀錄片系列

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‪人類的動物家族

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‪聰明

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‪敏感

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‪我們越是了解人類的野生表親

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‪越是發現

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‪牠們有多特別

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‪猿類不僅掌握了生存遊戲的技巧

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‪更重新定義了遊戲的規則

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‪劇名：猿

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‪叢林

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‪是猿類家族的誕生地

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‪也是現存所有野生猿類的領地

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‪（基巴萊國家公園，烏干達）

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‪這隻公猩猩寶寶

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‪不到兩歲

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‪在叢林裡學習生存

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‪牠是黑猩猩

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‪人類最近似的動物親戚

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‪牠接下來幾個月學到的事情

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‪會塑造牠的一生

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‪牠居住的區域有150多隻黑猩猩

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‪牠不必擔心其他動物的威脅

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‪牠最大的挑戰來自於同類

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‪黑猩猩跟人類一樣，有獨特的個性

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‪牠要知道

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‪該相信誰

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‪媽媽的朋友都很照顧牠，很友善

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‪跟一些大孩子玩在一起也很有趣

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‪牠要擔心的是成年的公猩猩

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‪這兩隻年長的公猩猩總是形影不離

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‪也都對牠很好

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‪但這一隻

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‪是惡霸

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‪牠想爭權奪位

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‪透過一連串恐嚇的方式

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‪對黑猩猩來說

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‪暴力是生活的一部分

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‪但這些權力鬥爭

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‪不只是野蠻的行為

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‪這隻寶寶

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‪即將見證一番奇景

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‪這兩隻年長的公猩猩

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‪體型都不如那隻惡霸

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‪即便如此

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‪牠們仍然不肯屈服

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‪惡霸太強悍了，第一隻公猩猩撤退

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‪但牠的朋友加入戰局

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‪第一隻公猩猩回來了

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‪惡霸打不贏兩隻

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‪牠要趁機脫身了

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‪其中一隻受傷了

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‪但牠不會一個人受苦

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‪在這個動物社會

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‪你需要的不是體型最壯碩
‪或最有攻擊性

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‪你需要的是

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‪朋友

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‪盟友越多越好

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‪但怎麼結交盟友

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‪就取決於你的個性了

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‪寶寶必須找到自己的方法

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‪成為猿類家族

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‪成功的一員

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‪這個家族包含世界上最複雜的動物

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‪首先是類人猿

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‪黑猩猩

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‪倭黑猩猩

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‪三種紅毛猩猩

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‪兩種大猩猩

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‪還有一種人類

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‪我們都有共同的特徵

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‪多虧有特殊的肩關節

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‪我們能用手臂吊在空中

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‪摘取枝頭的果實

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‪還可以前後擺盪

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‪所有非洲和亞洲的猴子都做不到

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‪擺盪的時候，尾巴對平衡沒有幫助

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‪所以猿類沒有尾巴

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‪真正的擺盪之王

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‪是長臂猿

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‪俗稱“小猿類”

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‪起碼有18種長臂猿

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‪住在亞洲的叢林裡

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‪牠們的體型比較像猴子

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‪而且非常靈巧

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‪猿類的大腦和身體
‪比多數的猴子來得大

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‪類人猿的體型

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‪則格外壯碩高大

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‪這可能是個問題

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‪（西必洛，馬來西亞）

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‪紅毛猩猩

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‪是住在樹上的動物中體型最大的

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‪成年雄性體重約77公斤

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‪類似於成年的人類

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‪想像一下你的爸爸做這件事

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‪這隻小紅毛猩猩

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‪仍然在精進牠的攀爬技巧

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‪紅毛猩猩是跟老虎一起進化的

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‪所以牠們發展出一套獨特的方式

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‪與地面保持距離

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‪撐桿跳對牠們是輕而易舉

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‪並且充分運用了牠們的重量

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‪但攀爬叢林大樹

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‪比較費力

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‪而且更加危險

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‪這些大樹

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‪超過20層樓高

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‪通常，最好的水果

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‪都長在高高的樹冠上

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‪就算是紅毛猩猩也會犯錯

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‪很多紅毛猩猩都曾骨折又痊癒

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‪因為墜落造成的

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‪可是紅毛猩猩

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‪學習力很強

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‪牠們不只記得

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‪要去哪裡找最好的食物

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‪牠們還建立了3D心智圖

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‪畫出最安全的路線

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‪（基巴萊國家公園，烏干達）

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‪腦力可以讓人占盡優勢

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‪把腦力用在團隊合作上

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‪結果會相當驚人

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‪媽媽和寶寶跟在一群公猩猩後面

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‪牠們在找食物

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‪但這不是正常的獵食方式

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‪黑猩猩喜歡吃肉

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‪肉類的養分

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‪是平時的素食沒有的

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‪媽媽和寶寶都希望能分一杯羹

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‪紅疣猴很難捕捉

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‪但分工合作

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‪黑猩猩的機會就增加了

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‪這兩隻負責攔阻

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‪牠們會切斷逃生路線

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‪另一隻開始埋伏

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‪現在，負責追捕的可以行動了

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‪這種高明的團隊合作

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‪成功的機率有八成

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‪比大型貓科動物高出許多

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‪但這些黑猩猩

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‪為數眾多

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‪當地的猴子已遭大量獵殺

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‪人類不是唯一

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‪可能數量過多的猿類

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‪現在肉類更難取得

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‪也就更加彌足珍貴

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‪沒有肉的人，就必須乞求

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‪並且要有禮貌

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‪肉類不只是食物

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‪也是社交籌碼

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‪具備良好的獵食技能

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‪是另一種提高地位的方式

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‪雄性猿類的成功與否

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‪通常取決於獵食的能力

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‪（考艾國家公園，泰國）

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‪白掌長臂猿

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‪跟許多人類一樣
‪白掌長臂猿也是成雙成對

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‪每天都會唱歌表達愛意

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‪可是，我們都知道

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‪感情關係有時

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‪很複雜

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‪一隻四歲的深色白掌長臂猿

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‪和牠的金毛哥哥

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‪牠們最近失去了爸爸

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‪因為牠的關係

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‪在許多動物家庭裡

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‪新的繼父都會忽視、欺負

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‪甚至殺害現有的小孩

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‪以便養育自己的孩子

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‪但現在

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‪這對兄弟需要幫助

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‪牠們只能求助於繼父

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‪每年這個時候

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‪結果實的樹木寥寥無幾

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‪只有一棵

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‪在牠們地盤的邊緣

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‪緊鄰著敵人

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‪這個家庭步步為營

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‪隔壁團體的一隻雄性

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‪牠擋住牠們的路線

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‪繼父試圖用叫聲威嚇敵人

182
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‪可是鄰居不肯讓步

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‪繼父發動攻擊

184
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‪敵人一陣驚慌

185
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‪繼父向前逼近

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‪牠鋌而走險，窮追猛打

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‪繼父為牠的新家庭

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‪爭取到重要的一餐

189
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‪牠好像也沒那麼壞

190
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‪長臂猿對繼子女的呵護
‪常令人感到訝異

191
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‪誰知道呢？

192
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‪有一天，牠可能也需要子女來照顧

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‪所謂放長線釣大魚

194
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‪大部分的猿類都能活到40幾歲

195
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‪而家庭生活可能非常複雜

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‪尤其是對於最大的猿類來說

197
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‪（布恩迪原始森林，烏干達）

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‪山地大猩猩

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‪牠是銀背大猩猩

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‪一家之主

201
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‪瞧瞧這個家庭

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‪四個老婆

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‪三個青少年

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‪兩個嬰兒

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‪和一個脾氣暴躁的爺爺

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‪爸爸是個兩百公斤的大塊頭

207
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‪嘴裡長了巨大的犬齒

208
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‪然而，牠卻出乎意料地
‪是個溫和的巨人

209
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‪幾乎只吃素食

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‪在這片森林裡，吃素是最簡單的選擇

211
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‪肚子餓的時候

212
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‪只要伸手就能填飽肚子

213
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‪就像住在沙拉碗裡一樣

214
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‪不過，吃這麼多的蔬食

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‪需要時間來消化

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‪山地大猩猩每天至少
‪有三分之一的時間在休息

217
00:24:13,912 --> 00:24:15,497
‪至少牠們想這麼做

218
00:24:25,381 --> 00:24:26,966
‪蒼蠅很麻煩

219
00:24:28,092 --> 00:24:30,762
‪小孩更麻煩

220
00:25:11,386 --> 00:25:14,138
‪雖然外表是個硬漢

221
00:25:15,223 --> 00:25:17,350
‪爸爸的內心很溫柔

222
00:25:26,943 --> 00:25:28,403
‪可是偶爾

223
00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:31,406
‪牠也要為所愛的人

224
00:25:31,906 --> 00:25:33,199
‪迎敵作戰

225
00:25:38,288 --> 00:25:39,914
‪這個時候

226
00:25:40,873 --> 00:25:43,042
‪體型就非常重要了

227
00:25:46,921 --> 00:25:47,964
‪對手

228
00:25:49,841 --> 00:25:51,801
‪和牠的同夥

229
00:26:08,568 --> 00:26:10,320
‪爸爸可能損失慘重

230
00:26:12,572 --> 00:26:14,699
‪太太可能被搶走

231
00:26:15,617 --> 00:26:17,785
‪小孩可能被殺死

232
00:26:19,829 --> 00:26:22,498
‪大打出手甚至可能喪命

233
00:26:30,506 --> 00:26:32,550
‪有時候，奮武揚威

234
00:26:32,634 --> 00:26:34,719
‪就足以嚇阻敵人

235
00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:47,482
‪爸爸想把牠們趕走

236
00:26:49,233 --> 00:26:50,902
‪但對手有後援

237
00:26:50,985 --> 00:26:52,987
‪牠的全家人

238
00:26:59,077 --> 00:27:00,495
‪對手逼近攻擊

239
00:27:06,292 --> 00:27:09,379
‪爸爸絕對不可以示弱

240
00:27:14,634 --> 00:27:16,094
‪對手撤退了

241
00:27:35,738 --> 00:27:37,073
‪爸爸可以回到

242
00:27:37,156 --> 00:27:39,909
‪牠喜愛的家庭生活

243
00:27:48,376 --> 00:27:52,046
‪這種愛，用觸摸的方式最能表達

244
00:27:56,259 --> 00:27:58,344
‪猿類透過梳理毛髮

245
00:27:58,428 --> 00:28:01,139
‪來維繫社會緊密相連

246
00:28:08,312 --> 00:28:11,023
‪這可以用來交換友情

247
00:28:11,733 --> 00:28:13,109
‪以及人情

248
00:28:16,362 --> 00:28:19,449
‪仔細認真梳理毛髮

249
00:28:22,285 --> 00:28:26,164
‪能激發一股通體舒暢的賀爾蒙

250
00:28:29,917 --> 00:28:31,544
‪猿類渴望這種感覺

251
00:28:31,627 --> 00:28:34,130
‪以及伴隨而來的友誼

252
00:28:38,217 --> 00:28:41,888
{\an8}‪因此，有一種猿類
‪大半輩子都是獨行俠

253
00:28:41,971 --> 00:28:44,515
{\an8}‪實在令人訝異

254
00:28:44,599 --> 00:28:46,434
{\an8}‪（帕農山國家公園，印尼）

255
00:28:52,106 --> 00:28:55,067
‪這是婆羅洲猩猩

256
00:28:56,652 --> 00:28:59,447
‪發育成熟的雄性

257
00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:01,783
‪才會有這種臉頰墊

258
00:29:04,035 --> 00:29:06,621
‪據說可以幫助傳遞

259
00:29:06,704 --> 00:29:08,039
‪遠距離呼喚

260
00:29:21,135 --> 00:29:24,347
‪牠在呼喚散布在森林裡的

261
00:29:24,931 --> 00:29:26,933
‪其他紅毛猩猩

262
00:29:42,490 --> 00:29:47,161
‪有些科學家認為
‪紅毛猩猩曾是群居動物

263
00:29:47,245 --> 00:29:48,287
‪像大猩猩一樣

264
00:29:49,455 --> 00:29:51,707
‪有臉頰墊的公猩猩

265
00:29:51,791 --> 00:29:55,044
‪保護一小群母紅毛猩猩

266
00:29:55,127 --> 00:29:56,504
‪跟銀背大猩猩一樣

267
00:29:58,923 --> 00:30:01,968
‪然後，大約四百萬年前

268
00:30:02,677 --> 00:30:04,178
‪氣候改變了

269
00:30:05,263 --> 00:30:08,516
‪樹木不再每年結出果實

270
00:30:09,976 --> 00:30:12,645
‪很多動物面臨飢餓的問題

271
00:30:16,065 --> 00:30:17,483
‪為了找尋足夠的食物

272
00:30:18,067 --> 00:30:21,028
‪紅毛猩猩家族四分五裂

273
00:30:21,112 --> 00:30:22,363
‪四散在各地

274
00:30:34,041 --> 00:30:36,752
‪牠們現在獨居生活

275
00:30:40,298 --> 00:30:42,508
‪但也不總是形單影隻

276
00:30:45,845 --> 00:30:49,682
‪這個寶寶才一個月大

277
00:30:51,350 --> 00:30:54,896
‪牠會跟隨媽媽八年的時間

278
00:30:57,648 --> 00:31:00,151
‪這是猿類最長的童年

279
00:31:00,985 --> 00:31:02,111
‪除了人類以外

280
00:31:08,618 --> 00:31:11,245
‪傳授所有的生存之道

281
00:31:11,329 --> 00:31:13,497
‪需要很長的時間

282
00:31:19,921 --> 00:31:22,173
‪哪一種花可以食用

283
00:31:30,723 --> 00:31:34,018
‪怎麼把白蟻從腐木裡弄出來

284
00:31:40,399 --> 00:31:42,610
‪在艱困的時期

285
00:31:42,693 --> 00:31:44,946
‪要上哪找結果的樹木

286
00:32:02,421 --> 00:32:05,216
‪雄性的呼叫沒有得到回應

287
00:32:10,262 --> 00:32:13,641
‪牠可能好幾天，甚至好幾週

288
00:32:13,724 --> 00:32:16,727
‪都碰不到其他紅毛猩猩

289
00:32:23,317 --> 00:32:26,362
‪沒有人真正知道牠的感受

290
00:32:29,615 --> 00:32:31,784
‪但也許偶爾

291
00:32:32,535 --> 00:32:35,955
‪在牠猿類的DNA深處

292
00:32:36,038 --> 00:32:39,333
‪牠也渴望同伴的觸碰

293
00:32:48,050 --> 00:32:50,177
‪可是有時候

294
00:32:50,261 --> 00:32:53,723
‪就連最喜歡社交的猿類

295
00:32:53,806 --> 00:32:55,391
‪也選擇獨處

296
00:33:00,062 --> 00:33:04,817
‪（基巴萊國家公園，烏干達）

297
00:33:08,404 --> 00:33:10,489
‪今天，媽媽和寶寶

298
00:33:10,573 --> 00:33:13,784
‪尋得了些許的平靜與安寧

299
00:33:15,327 --> 00:33:17,371
‪就在牠們地盤的邊緣

300
00:33:20,249 --> 00:33:24,378
‪遠離黑猩猩社會的壓力

301
00:33:34,305 --> 00:33:35,723
‪邊境巡邏隊

302
00:33:37,433 --> 00:33:40,686
‪隔壁團體的公猩猩

303
00:33:54,950 --> 00:33:56,035
‪留心注意

304
00:34:00,664 --> 00:34:02,083
‪一聲不響

305
00:34:13,385 --> 00:34:14,929
‪牠們在執行任務

306
00:34:15,012 --> 00:34:18,140
‪要控制更多的果樹

307
00:34:19,809 --> 00:34:22,978
‪為了達到目的，牠們會殺生

308
00:34:26,816 --> 00:34:28,776
‪嬰兒也不能倖免

309
00:34:35,366 --> 00:34:37,076
‪媽媽知道事態不對

310
00:35:00,015 --> 00:35:01,600
‪最好保持沉默

311
00:36:19,887 --> 00:36:21,180
‪千鈞一髮

312
00:36:34,401 --> 00:36:37,738
‪鬥爭是黑猩猩生活的一部分

313
00:36:37,821 --> 00:36:39,823
‪這點跟人類一樣

314
00:36:42,534 --> 00:36:46,914
‪但人類的近親並非都這麼暴力

315
00:36:53,545 --> 00:36:56,215
‪剛果河這邊有另一種猿類

316
00:36:56,715 --> 00:37:00,719
‪牠們的DNA跟人類幾乎99％相同

317
00:37:02,096 --> 00:37:05,391
‪（萬巴，剛果民主共和國）

318
00:37:12,773 --> 00:37:15,943
‪倭黑猩猩跟黑猩猩一樣

319
00:37:16,026 --> 00:37:17,820
‪是成群結隊生活

320
00:37:32,584 --> 00:37:36,255
‪公倭黑猩猩也會展示力量

321
00:37:36,338 --> 00:37:38,382
‪來恐嚇別人

322
00:37:52,646 --> 00:37:56,358
‪這傢伙十足在耍威風

323
00:38:04,825 --> 00:38:07,244
‪母猩猩已經受夠了

324
00:38:22,343 --> 00:38:23,927
‪在倭黑猩猩中

325
00:38:24,011 --> 00:38:26,597
‪母倭黑猩猩是最強大的聯盟

326
00:38:28,891 --> 00:38:31,685
‪因此握有權力

327
00:38:36,899 --> 00:38:38,859
‪牠們跟母黑猩猩不同

328
00:38:39,610 --> 00:38:42,071
‪牠們不受公猩猩支配

329
00:38:44,573 --> 00:38:46,367
‪這隻倭黑猩猩寶寶

330
00:38:46,450 --> 00:38:49,661
‪有媽媽的保護，不會受到欺負

331
00:38:51,872 --> 00:38:55,000
‪牠應該也不會經歷鬥爭

332
00:38:56,460 --> 00:38:58,545
‪倭黑猩猩族群的互動

333
00:38:58,629 --> 00:39:01,048
‪幾乎是和平共處

334
00:39:09,640 --> 00:39:11,850
‪這與黑猩猩大相逕庭

335
00:39:13,102 --> 00:39:15,104
‪沒有人知道真正的原因

336
00:39:25,572 --> 00:39:28,534
‪這隻黑猩猩寶寶成長的過程

337
00:39:29,034 --> 00:39:33,539
‪會面臨一些危險
‪倭黑猩猩寶寶卻沒有這些煩惱

338
00:39:42,714 --> 00:39:47,803
‪但牠會展現猿類的本色，盡力學習

339
00:39:50,931 --> 00:39:52,266
‪誰知道呢？

340
00:39:52,349 --> 00:39:55,436
‪這可能是一段真摯友誼的開端

341
00:39:56,687 --> 00:39:58,147
‪持續數十年

342
00:40:03,861 --> 00:40:05,446
‪但牠們的未來

343
00:40:06,071 --> 00:40:07,906
‪以及整個家族的未來

344
00:40:08,740 --> 00:40:09,867
‪掌握在

345
00:40:11,118 --> 00:40:13,787
‪最強大的猿類手上

346
00:40:16,582 --> 00:40:19,126
‪人類殺死我們的野生表親

347
00:40:20,878 --> 00:40:22,379
‪把牠們關起來

348
00:40:24,631 --> 00:40:26,467
‪摧毀牠們的家園

349
00:40:31,638 --> 00:40:35,184
‪然而，即使面臨這種逆境

350
00:40:36,143 --> 00:40:38,896
‪猿類仍然有辦法

351
00:40:38,979 --> 00:40:40,481
‪讓我們感到驚喜

352
00:40:41,356 --> 00:40:45,319
‪（博蘇，幾內亞）

353
00:40:45,402 --> 00:40:48,655
‪這片孤立的森林

354
00:40:48,739 --> 00:40:51,783
‪只有十幾座足球場的寬度

355
00:40:51,867 --> 00:40:54,411
‪四周都是人類的住所

356
00:40:57,206 --> 00:40:58,332
‪這裡住著一群

357
00:40:58,415 --> 00:41:01,502
‪非比尋常的黑猩猩

358
00:41:06,840 --> 00:41:08,884
‪牠們幾乎每天

359
00:41:08,967 --> 00:41:11,887
‪都要冒險進入我們的世界

360
00:41:46,797 --> 00:41:48,757
‪我們只能想像

361
00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:51,510
‪黑猩猩是怎麼看我們的

362
00:42:00,060 --> 00:42:03,730
‪牠們有充分的理由要小心謹慎

363
00:42:13,115 --> 00:42:16,535
‪可是，也有豐厚的回報

364
00:42:24,251 --> 00:42:26,295
‪培育的水果

365
00:42:26,378 --> 00:42:28,630
‪富含糖分

366
00:42:29,548 --> 00:42:31,550
‪肯定就像天堂的滋味

367
00:43:00,662 --> 00:43:04,958
‪這些黑猩猩已經學會
‪在人類周圍悄悄行動

368
00:43:07,377 --> 00:43:10,172
‪並在這個充滿挑戰的新世界

369
00:43:10,255 --> 00:43:11,965
‪獲取最大的利益

370
00:43:15,052 --> 00:43:16,386
‪油棕果

371
00:43:17,763 --> 00:43:19,890
‪核仁是最精華的部分

372
00:43:19,973 --> 00:43:22,643
‪富含蛋白質與熱量

373
00:43:24,978 --> 00:43:26,313
‪只有一個問題

374
00:43:28,982 --> 00:43:31,777
‪外層包覆了硬殼

375
00:43:34,988 --> 00:43:38,408
‪要發揮機智才吃得到

376
00:43:56,218 --> 00:43:58,845
‪敲碎堅果對人類可能很簡單

377
00:44:00,138 --> 00:44:02,391
‪但就動物的行為來說

378
00:44:03,266 --> 00:44:05,644
‪這是革命性的創舉

379
00:44:13,652 --> 00:44:16,405
‪在所有懂得使用工具的動物中

380
00:44:16,905 --> 00:44:20,409
‪猿類因此占得領先的地位

381
00:44:23,453 --> 00:44:25,956
‪猿類會築巢

382
00:44:31,670 --> 00:44:32,713
‪做雨傘

383
00:44:37,676 --> 00:44:38,760
‪探測工具

384
00:44:43,306 --> 00:44:45,475
‪甚至是長矛

385
00:44:52,232 --> 00:44:54,484
‪博蘇的這個族群

386
00:44:54,568 --> 00:44:55,902
‪非常優秀

387
00:45:00,282 --> 00:45:02,534
‪牠們發明了不止一種工具

388
00:45:02,617 --> 00:45:04,578
‪來採集人類的莊稼

389
00:45:06,621 --> 00:45:08,999
‪除了鐵鎚和鐵砧之外

390
00:45:09,082 --> 00:45:11,084
‪牠們還發明了這個

391
00:45:13,003 --> 00:45:14,129
‪杵

392
00:45:17,257 --> 00:45:19,468
‪用來搗碎棕櫚心

393
00:45:20,385 --> 00:45:21,887
‪這樣比較容易食用

394
00:45:24,181 --> 00:45:27,851
‪這是這個群體特有的行為

395
00:45:32,689 --> 00:45:36,735
‪牠們甚至學會了拆解偷獵者的陷阱

396
00:45:36,818 --> 00:45:40,322
‪那些陷阱對其他黑猩猩族群
‪造成了嚴重的傷害

397
00:45:43,116 --> 00:45:46,077
‪然而，儘管有這些優異的表現

398
00:45:46,995 --> 00:45:48,705
‪牠們的數量持續減少

399
00:45:50,248 --> 00:45:53,835
‪如今只剩下七隻博蘇黑猩猩

400
00:45:58,256 --> 00:45:59,674
‪小博蘇黑猩猩

401
00:45:59,758 --> 00:46:02,093
‪這個群體唯一的新血

402
00:46:03,720 --> 00:46:05,430
‪渴望有個玩伴

403
00:46:16,107 --> 00:46:18,485
‪帕斯卡古米是當地人

404
00:46:19,319 --> 00:46:21,613
‪但他不是威脅

405
00:46:26,076 --> 00:46:27,577
‪身為田野調查員

406
00:46:27,661 --> 00:46:31,039
‪這隻黑猩猩一出生，他就認識牠了

407
00:46:34,084 --> 00:46:35,544
‪可以說

408
00:46:36,127 --> 00:46:37,796
‪他們已經是朋友了

409
00:46:42,050 --> 00:46:46,179
‪友誼對猿類的興盛非常重要

410
00:46:46,263 --> 00:46:49,933
‪甚至可以超越物種的界線

411
00:46:56,773 --> 00:47:01,152
‪可是，人類現在主宰這個星球

412
00:47:05,907 --> 00:47:08,118
‪我們留給猿類同伴的空間

413
00:47:08,201 --> 00:47:09,452
‪所剩無幾

414
00:47:12,873 --> 00:47:16,585
‪人類忘記了我們有照顧的責任

415
00:47:20,881 --> 00:47:21,840
‪畢竟

416
00:47:22,340 --> 00:47:25,051
‪這也是我們的家人

417
00:48:13,391 --> 00:48:15,268
‪字幕翻譯：黃英哲