1 00:00:21,898 --> 00:00:24,692 Our own animal family. 2 00:00:32,658 --> 00:00:33,659 Smart. 3 00:00:40,917 --> 00:00:41,793 Sensitive. 4 00:00:44,128 --> 00:00:48,091 The more we get to know our wild cousins… 5 00:00:51,886 --> 00:00:55,890 …the more we learn how extraordinary they are. 6 00:01:02,814 --> 00:01:06,400 Apes have not only mastered the game of survival, 7 00:01:07,151 --> 00:01:10,404 they've redefined the way it's played. 8 00:01:23,751 --> 00:01:24,794 The jungle. 9 00:01:28,089 --> 00:01:30,883 Birthplace of the ape family… 10 00:01:32,969 --> 00:01:37,515 and the domain of all wild apes alive today. 11 00:01:46,649 --> 00:01:48,901 And where this baby boy, 12 00:01:49,610 --> 00:01:51,237 less than two years old, 13 00:01:51,988 --> 00:01:54,282 is learning to survive. 14 00:01:57,743 --> 00:01:59,745 He's a chimpanzee, 15 00:02:01,038 --> 00:02:03,457 our closest animal relative. 16 00:02:07,795 --> 00:02:10,548 What he discovers in the coming months 17 00:02:10,631 --> 00:02:13,301 will shape his whole life. 18 00:02:16,554 --> 00:02:20,600 Living in a community of more than 150 chimps, 19 00:02:20,683 --> 00:02:23,603 he has little to fear from other animals. 20 00:02:25,438 --> 00:02:28,900 His greatest challenge will come from his own kind. 21 00:02:35,072 --> 00:02:36,073 Like us, 22 00:02:36,157 --> 00:02:38,451 chimps have distinct personalities. 23 00:02:42,455 --> 00:02:45,625 He needs to know who to trust. 24 00:02:51,964 --> 00:02:54,926 Mom's friends are supportive and kind. 25 00:02:57,053 --> 00:02:59,680 And some of the bigger kids are fun to hang out with. 26 00:03:02,642 --> 00:03:06,479 It's adult males he must be most wary of. 27 00:03:08,397 --> 00:03:10,691 These two older guys, they're always together 28 00:03:10,775 --> 00:03:12,735 and have always been good to him. 29 00:03:19,492 --> 00:03:20,451 But this one 30 00:03:21,869 --> 00:03:23,037 is a bully. 31 00:03:39,053 --> 00:03:41,013 He's trying to gain status… 32 00:03:43,849 --> 00:03:47,228 …through a campaign of intimidation. 33 00:04:16,382 --> 00:04:20,636 For chimps, violence is a part of life. 34 00:04:24,932 --> 00:04:27,268 But there's more to these power struggles 35 00:04:27,351 --> 00:04:28,728 than mere savagery. 36 00:04:29,979 --> 00:04:34,442 And the baby is about to witness something remarkable. 37 00:04:37,945 --> 00:04:40,072 Neither of the two older males 38 00:04:40,156 --> 00:04:41,657 is as big as the bully. 39 00:04:46,537 --> 00:04:47,455 Even so, 40 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:50,124 they refuse to submit. 41 00:05:23,532 --> 00:05:26,911 The bully is too strong, so the first male retreats. 42 00:05:28,621 --> 00:05:30,081 But his buddy piles in. 43 00:05:35,461 --> 00:05:37,296 And now the first is back. 44 00:05:40,758 --> 00:05:42,718 The bully can't beat them both. 45 00:05:42,802 --> 00:05:45,054 Time to get out while he can. 46 00:05:54,313 --> 00:05:56,357 One of the pair has been injured. 47 00:06:01,445 --> 00:06:03,155 But he won't suffer alone. 48 00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:24,969 In this animal society… 49 00:06:27,179 --> 00:06:30,724 you don't need to be the biggest or most aggressive. 50 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:35,646 You need 51 00:06:36,230 --> 00:06:37,106 friends. 52 00:06:41,694 --> 00:06:44,155 The more allies, the better. 53 00:06:49,034 --> 00:06:50,703 But how you make them 54 00:06:50,786 --> 00:06:52,663 depends on your personality. 55 00:06:55,207 --> 00:06:58,961 A baby must find its own way 56 00:06:59,044 --> 00:07:03,174 to become a successful member of the ape family. 57 00:07:09,680 --> 00:07:14,143 A family that includes the most sophisticated animals 58 00:07:14,226 --> 00:07:15,686 in the world. 59 00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:22,109 First, there are the great apes. 60 00:07:22,985 --> 00:07:24,862 The chimpanzee, 61 00:07:25,404 --> 00:07:26,363 the bonobo, 62 00:07:27,823 --> 00:07:29,742 three orangutan species… 63 00:07:31,744 --> 00:07:33,537 two kinds of gorilla, 64 00:07:34,872 --> 00:07:38,125 and one species of human. 65 00:07:39,502 --> 00:07:42,338 We all share some unique features. 66 00:07:43,923 --> 00:07:45,966 Thanks to a special shoulder joint, 67 00:07:46,592 --> 00:07:48,761 we can hang by our arms 68 00:07:50,054 --> 00:07:52,139 and reach fruit at the tips of branches. 69 00:07:54,642 --> 00:07:56,810 And we can swing. 70 00:07:59,146 --> 00:08:02,983 No monkey in all Africa or Asia can do this. 71 00:08:04,985 --> 00:08:07,821 Tails don't help with balance when you're swinging, 72 00:08:08,322 --> 00:08:09,949 so apes don't have them. 73 00:08:11,534 --> 00:08:15,412 The true kings of swing are the gibbons. 74 00:08:18,457 --> 00:08:20,251 Known as "lesser apes," 75 00:08:21,168 --> 00:08:23,003 at least 18 different species 76 00:08:23,087 --> 00:08:25,172 live in the jungles of Asia. 77 00:08:28,050 --> 00:08:29,843 They're more monkey-sized 78 00:08:30,386 --> 00:08:32,054 and very agile. 79 00:08:44,441 --> 00:08:47,611 Apes have bigger brains and bodies than most monkeys. 80 00:08:51,323 --> 00:08:54,451 And the great apes have taken size 81 00:08:54,535 --> 00:08:57,288 to a whole new level. 82 00:08:59,331 --> 00:09:01,292 Which can be a bit of a problem. 83 00:09:10,426 --> 00:09:15,431 Orangutans are the largest of all tree-living animals. 84 00:09:17,433 --> 00:09:21,520 Mature males weigh around 77 kilos, 85 00:09:22,354 --> 00:09:24,565 similar to an adult human. 86 00:09:27,985 --> 00:09:30,529 Imagine your dad doing this. 87 00:09:38,370 --> 00:09:40,289 This young orangutan 88 00:09:40,372 --> 00:09:43,584 is still perfecting his climbing technique. 89 00:09:47,171 --> 00:09:51,508 Orangs evolved alongside tigers. 90 00:09:58,140 --> 00:10:02,811 So they developed a unique way of keeping off the ground. 91 00:10:28,587 --> 00:10:32,466 Pole vaulting requires very little effort 92 00:10:32,966 --> 00:10:36,637 and makes the most of being such a heavyweight. 93 00:10:56,573 --> 00:10:59,576 But scaling jungle giants 94 00:10:59,660 --> 00:11:01,537 is more strenuous 95 00:11:02,371 --> 00:11:04,248 and more risky. 96 00:11:10,671 --> 00:11:12,297 These trees are higher 97 00:11:12,381 --> 00:11:14,675 than a 20-story building. 98 00:11:20,264 --> 00:11:22,808 And often, the best fruit 99 00:11:23,767 --> 00:11:25,769 is way up in the canopy. 100 00:11:28,981 --> 00:11:31,900 Even orangutans make mistakes. 101 00:11:37,781 --> 00:11:40,242 Many have healed fractures, 102 00:11:41,285 --> 00:11:43,412 the legacy of previous falls. 103 00:12:13,066 --> 00:12:15,652 But orangutans 104 00:12:15,736 --> 00:12:17,196 are good learners. 105 00:12:20,824 --> 00:12:22,910 They not only remember 106 00:12:22,993 --> 00:12:24,912 where to find the best food… 107 00:12:27,206 --> 00:12:30,542 …they build three-dimensional mental maps 108 00:12:30,626 --> 00:12:32,586 of the safest routes to get there. 109 00:12:42,763 --> 00:12:45,724 Brainpower is a game changer. 110 00:12:48,769 --> 00:12:51,396 And when it's focused on teamwork, 111 00:12:52,105 --> 00:12:54,983 the results are formidable. 112 00:13:01,198 --> 00:13:05,077 Mom and baby are following a group of male chimps. 113 00:13:10,374 --> 00:13:11,792 They're looking for food. 114 00:13:14,253 --> 00:13:16,922 But this is no normal feeding foray. 115 00:13:32,104 --> 00:13:35,190 Chimps relish meat. 116 00:13:41,947 --> 00:13:43,907 It contains nutrients 117 00:13:43,991 --> 00:13:46,493 not found in their usual vegetarian diet. 118 00:13:54,126 --> 00:13:57,045 Mom and baby are hoping for a share. 119 00:14:05,012 --> 00:14:07,472 Red colobus are hard to catch. 120 00:14:09,182 --> 00:14:11,059 But working together, 121 00:14:11,143 --> 00:14:14,062 the chimps increase their chances. 122 00:14:45,344 --> 00:14:48,138 These two are blockers. 123 00:14:48,221 --> 00:14:50,766 They move to cut off the escape routes. 124 00:14:51,725 --> 00:14:54,603 Another goes ahead to set the ambush. 125 00:14:56,813 --> 00:14:59,441 Now the chaser can make his move. 126 00:15:50,283 --> 00:15:53,036 This extraordinary teamwork 127 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:56,164 leads to an 80% hit rate. 128 00:15:56,748 --> 00:15:59,167 Far better than any big cat. 129 00:16:01,086 --> 00:16:02,963 But these chimps 130 00:16:03,046 --> 00:16:04,965 are such prolific hunters, 131 00:16:05,048 --> 00:16:08,385 they've decimated the local monkey population. 132 00:16:10,262 --> 00:16:14,725 Humans are not the only ape capable of excess. 133 00:16:17,185 --> 00:16:18,937 Now meat is harder to get, 134 00:16:19,521 --> 00:16:22,607 it is even more precious. 135 00:16:27,654 --> 00:16:30,365 If you don't have it, you must beg. 136 00:16:32,492 --> 00:16:34,411 And you must do so politely. 137 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,169 Meat is more than food. 138 00:16:42,252 --> 00:16:44,004 It is social currency. 139 00:16:46,757 --> 00:16:48,383 Becoming a good hunter 140 00:16:49,342 --> 00:16:52,554 is another way to climb the social ladder. 141 00:16:58,435 --> 00:17:01,730 A male ape's success often depends 142 00:17:01,813 --> 00:17:04,649 on his ability to provide. 143 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:24,461 Lar gibbons. 144 00:17:33,345 --> 00:17:36,098 Like many of us, they live in couples. 145 00:17:39,476 --> 00:17:43,355 Every day, they sing their love for each other. 146 00:17:45,774 --> 00:17:47,818 But as we well know, 147 00:17:47,901 --> 00:17:49,444 relationships can be 148 00:17:50,779 --> 00:17:51,780 complicated. 149 00:17:58,120 --> 00:18:00,914 A dark four-year-old youngster… 150 00:18:05,418 --> 00:18:07,671 and his blonde older brother. 151 00:18:09,673 --> 00:18:11,716 They recently lost their dad. 152 00:18:13,718 --> 00:18:14,678 To him. 153 00:18:19,432 --> 00:18:21,268 In many animal families, 154 00:18:21,351 --> 00:18:24,437 new stepdads neglect, bully, 155 00:18:24,521 --> 00:18:29,317 or even kill existing youngsters in favor of raising their own. 156 00:18:32,946 --> 00:18:34,322 But right now, 157 00:18:34,406 --> 00:18:36,158 these siblings need help, 158 00:18:37,742 --> 00:18:40,662 and their stepfather is the only option. 159 00:18:44,166 --> 00:18:45,792 At this time of year, 160 00:18:45,876 --> 00:18:47,669 few trees are in fruit. 161 00:18:50,463 --> 00:18:52,215 There's only one available. 162 00:18:54,467 --> 00:18:56,469 On the edge of their territory, 163 00:18:57,637 --> 00:18:59,306 right next to their enemies. 164 00:19:03,185 --> 00:19:06,021 The family approach with caution. 165 00:19:17,908 --> 00:19:20,577 The male from the neighboring group. 166 00:19:36,468 --> 00:19:38,428 He's blocking their route. 167 00:19:47,145 --> 00:19:50,482 Stepdad tries to intimidate his enemy with calls. 168 00:19:56,071 --> 00:19:58,531 But his neighbor holds his ground. 169 00:20:05,872 --> 00:20:07,374 Stepdad attacks. 170 00:20:09,501 --> 00:20:10,502 His enemy panics. 171 00:20:36,278 --> 00:20:37,696 Stepdad closes in. 172 00:20:46,663 --> 00:20:49,499 He risks a final, desperate assault. 173 00:21:06,808 --> 00:21:09,686 Stepdad's secured a vital meal 174 00:21:09,769 --> 00:21:11,521 for his new family. 175 00:21:23,158 --> 00:21:25,118 Perhaps he's not so bad after all. 176 00:21:30,123 --> 00:21:34,461 Gibbons often show surprising tenderness to their stepchildren. 177 00:21:40,508 --> 00:21:41,926 Who knows? 178 00:21:42,010 --> 00:21:44,971 One day, he might need their support too. 179 00:21:48,308 --> 00:21:50,560 It pays to play the long game. 180 00:21:52,354 --> 00:21:55,148 Most apes live well into their forties. 181 00:21:57,525 --> 00:22:00,862 And family life can get complicated. 182 00:22:03,031 --> 00:22:07,452 Especially for the largest ape of all. 183 00:22:24,135 --> 00:22:25,887 A mountain gorilla. 184 00:22:32,143 --> 00:22:33,770 He's a silverback 185 00:22:35,730 --> 00:22:37,232 and head of his family. 186 00:22:40,026 --> 00:22:41,986 And what a family. 187 00:22:43,780 --> 00:22:44,948 Four wives… 188 00:22:47,367 --> 00:22:49,369 three adolescents… 189 00:22:51,621 --> 00:22:52,789 two infants… 190 00:22:57,627 --> 00:22:59,337 and a grumpy granddad. 191 00:23:12,392 --> 00:23:16,354 Dad is a 200-kilo hunk… 192 00:23:18,773 --> 00:23:21,151 armed with massive canines. 193 00:23:23,778 --> 00:23:27,365 Yet he is a surprisingly gentle giant, 194 00:23:28,032 --> 00:23:31,161 almost 100% vegetarian. 195 00:23:32,996 --> 00:23:35,373 It's the easy option in this forest. 196 00:23:37,959 --> 00:23:39,419 Whenever you're hungry, 197 00:23:39,502 --> 00:23:42,964 all you have to do is reach. 198 00:23:45,049 --> 00:23:48,052 It's like living in a salad bowl. 199 00:23:56,769 --> 00:23:59,189 But if you eat this much veg, 200 00:23:59,272 --> 00:24:01,691 you need time to digest it. 201 00:24:07,530 --> 00:24:12,368 Mountain gorillas spend at least a third of the day resting. 202 00:24:13,953 --> 00:24:15,163 Or trying to. 203 00:24:25,381 --> 00:24:26,799 The flies are a nuisance, 204 00:24:28,092 --> 00:24:30,720 and the kids are even worse. 205 00:25:11,386 --> 00:25:14,138 Despite his tough-guy image, 206 00:25:15,223 --> 00:25:17,350 dad's a softy at heart. 207 00:25:26,943 --> 00:25:28,403 But every now and then, 208 00:25:30,029 --> 00:25:31,197 he must fight 209 00:25:31,906 --> 00:25:33,157 for what he loves. 210 00:25:38,288 --> 00:25:39,914 And that's when size 211 00:25:40,999 --> 00:25:42,875 really matters. 212 00:25:46,921 --> 00:25:47,964 A rival 213 00:25:49,841 --> 00:25:51,801 and his troop. 214 00:26:08,568 --> 00:26:10,320 Dad has so much to lose. 215 00:26:12,572 --> 00:26:14,616 His wives may be stolen, 216 00:26:15,617 --> 00:26:17,785 his children killed. 217 00:26:19,954 --> 00:26:22,498 A fight could even cost him his life. 218 00:26:30,506 --> 00:26:34,719 Sometimes, a show of strength is enough to deter enemies. 219 00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:47,440 Dad tries to drive them away. 220 00:26:49,233 --> 00:26:50,902 But the rival has backup. 221 00:26:50,985 --> 00:26:52,904 His entire family. 222 00:26:59,118 --> 00:27:00,370 The rival charges. 223 00:27:06,292 --> 00:27:09,337 Dad can't afford to show any sign of weakness. 224 00:27:14,634 --> 00:27:16,094 The rival retreats. 225 00:27:35,738 --> 00:27:37,073 Dad can return 226 00:27:37,156 --> 00:27:39,909 to the family life he loves. 227 00:27:48,376 --> 00:27:50,628 A love best expressed 228 00:27:50,712 --> 00:27:52,046 through touch. 229 00:27:56,259 --> 00:27:58,344 Grooming is the glue 230 00:27:58,428 --> 00:28:01,097 that holds ape society together. 231 00:28:08,312 --> 00:28:11,023 It can be exchanged for friendship 232 00:28:11,733 --> 00:28:13,109 and favors. 233 00:28:16,362 --> 00:28:19,449 Done with great care and attention… 234 00:28:22,285 --> 00:28:26,038 it provokes a rush of feel-good hormones. 235 00:28:29,917 --> 00:28:31,544 Apes crave it 236 00:28:31,627 --> 00:28:34,130 and the companionship it creates. 237 00:28:38,217 --> 00:28:41,846 {\an8}So it's surprising that one ape 238 00:28:41,929 --> 00:28:44,682 {\an8}spends much of its life alone. 239 00:28:52,106 --> 00:28:55,067 A Bornean orangutan. 240 00:28:56,652 --> 00:28:59,447 Only fully mature males 241 00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:01,783 have these cheek flanges. 242 00:29:04,035 --> 00:29:06,621 They are thought to help direct 243 00:29:06,704 --> 00:29:07,872 the long call. 244 00:29:21,135 --> 00:29:24,347 He reaches out to other orangutans 245 00:29:24,430 --> 00:29:26,891 scattered throughout the forest. 246 00:29:42,490 --> 00:29:47,161 Some scientists believe orangutans once lived close together, 247 00:29:47,245 --> 00:29:48,287 like gorillas, 248 00:29:49,455 --> 00:29:55,044 with these flanged males guarding a small group of females, 249 00:29:55,127 --> 00:29:56,504 as silverbacks do. 250 00:29:58,923 --> 00:30:01,968 Then, around four million years ago, 251 00:30:02,677 --> 00:30:04,095 the climate changed. 252 00:30:05,263 --> 00:30:08,516 The trees no longer grew fruit every year. 253 00:30:09,976 --> 00:30:12,645 Many animals faced starvation. 254 00:30:16,107 --> 00:30:17,483 To find enough food, 255 00:30:18,067 --> 00:30:21,028 orangutan families split up 256 00:30:21,112 --> 00:30:22,363 and spread out. 257 00:30:34,041 --> 00:30:36,752 They now live alone. 258 00:30:40,298 --> 00:30:42,508 Though not entirely. 259 00:30:45,845 --> 00:30:49,682 This baby is just one month old. 260 00:30:51,350 --> 00:30:55,354 She will stay with mom for eight years… 261 00:30:57,648 --> 00:31:00,151 the longest childhood of any ape, 262 00:31:01,027 --> 00:31:01,986 except us. 263 00:31:08,618 --> 00:31:10,453 It takes a long time 264 00:31:10,536 --> 00:31:13,497 to teach all the secrets of survival. 265 00:31:19,921 --> 00:31:22,173 Which flowers are good to eat. 266 00:31:30,723 --> 00:31:34,018 How to get termites out of rotten wood. 267 00:31:40,399 --> 00:31:44,737 And where to find fruiting trees during hard times. 268 00:32:02,463 --> 00:32:05,091 The male's call is unanswered. 269 00:32:10,262 --> 00:32:13,641 He may go for days, even weeks, 270 00:32:13,724 --> 00:32:16,727 without encountering another orangutan. 271 00:32:23,317 --> 00:32:26,362 No one really knows how he feels. 272 00:32:29,615 --> 00:32:31,784 But maybe once in a while, 273 00:32:32,535 --> 00:32:35,955 from somewhere deep in his ape DNA, 274 00:32:36,038 --> 00:32:39,333 he longs for the touch of a companion. 275 00:32:48,050 --> 00:32:50,177 There are times, however, 276 00:32:50,261 --> 00:32:53,723 when even the most social apes 277 00:32:53,806 --> 00:32:55,349 choose to be alone. 278 00:33:08,404 --> 00:33:10,489 Today, mom and baby 279 00:33:10,573 --> 00:33:13,617 have found a little peace and quiet, 280 00:33:15,327 --> 00:33:17,371 close to the edge of their territory. 281 00:33:20,249 --> 00:33:24,462 Far from the stresses of chimpanzee society. 282 00:33:34,305 --> 00:33:35,514 A border patrol. 283 00:33:37,433 --> 00:33:40,686 Males from the neighboring group. 284 00:33:54,950 --> 00:33:56,035 Alert. 285 00:34:00,664 --> 00:34:01,624 Silent. 286 00:34:13,511 --> 00:34:14,929 They're on a mission 287 00:34:15,012 --> 00:34:18,140 to take control of more fruiting trees. 288 00:34:19,809 --> 00:34:22,978 And to achieve this, they will kill. 289 00:34:26,816 --> 00:34:28,776 Infants are not spared. 290 00:34:35,366 --> 00:34:36,909 Mom knows something's wrong. 291 00:35:00,015 --> 00:35:01,600 Best to remain silent. 292 00:36:19,887 --> 00:36:21,138 A close call. 293 00:36:34,401 --> 00:36:37,738 War is as much a part of chimpanzee life 294 00:36:37,821 --> 00:36:39,698 as it is of ours. 295 00:36:42,576 --> 00:36:46,914 But not all of our closest relatives are so violent. 296 00:36:53,545 --> 00:36:56,173 Just over the Congo River, there's another ape 297 00:36:56,715 --> 00:37:00,636 that shares almost 99% of our DNA. 298 00:37:12,773 --> 00:37:14,608 Like chimpanzees, 299 00:37:14,692 --> 00:37:17,820 bonobos live in big communities. 300 00:37:32,584 --> 00:37:36,255 Bonobo males also use displays of strength 301 00:37:36,338 --> 00:37:38,382 to intimidate others. 302 00:37:52,646 --> 00:37:56,358 This guy is really throwing his weight around. 303 00:38:04,825 --> 00:38:07,244 And the females have had enough. 304 00:38:22,343 --> 00:38:23,927 Amongst bonobos, 305 00:38:24,011 --> 00:38:26,513 they form the strongest alliances. 306 00:38:28,891 --> 00:38:31,602 And this gives them power. 307 00:38:36,899 --> 00:38:38,859 Unlike female chimps, 308 00:38:39,610 --> 00:38:41,987 they are not dominated by males. 309 00:38:44,573 --> 00:38:46,367 This bonobo baby 310 00:38:46,450 --> 00:38:49,661 will be protected from bullies by his mom. 311 00:38:51,872 --> 00:38:55,000 And he's unlikely to experience war. 312 00:38:56,460 --> 00:38:58,545 Meetings between bonobo communities 313 00:38:58,629 --> 00:39:01,048 are nearly always peaceful. 314 00:39:09,640 --> 00:39:11,850 So different from chimpanzees. 315 00:39:13,102 --> 00:39:15,104 And nobody really knows why. 316 00:39:25,614 --> 00:39:28,033 As this baby chimp grows, 317 00:39:29,034 --> 00:39:33,539 he'll face risks young bonobos never need worry about. 318 00:39:42,714 --> 00:39:45,008 But in true ape fashion, 319 00:39:45,092 --> 00:39:47,761 he is doing the best he can. 320 00:39:50,931 --> 00:39:55,436 Who knows? This could be the start of a beautiful friendship 321 00:39:56,687 --> 00:39:58,147 lasting for decades. 322 00:40:03,861 --> 00:40:05,446 But their future, 323 00:40:06,071 --> 00:40:07,906 and that of the entire family, 324 00:40:08,740 --> 00:40:09,867 is in the hands 325 00:40:11,118 --> 00:40:13,787 of the most powerful ape of all. 326 00:40:16,748 --> 00:40:19,126 We kill our wild cousins. 327 00:40:20,878 --> 00:40:21,795 We cage them. 328 00:40:24,631 --> 00:40:26,467 We destroy their homes. 329 00:40:31,638 --> 00:40:35,184 Yet even in the face of such adversity, 330 00:40:36,143 --> 00:40:38,896 apes still have the ability 331 00:40:38,979 --> 00:40:40,481 to astound us. 332 00:40:45,402 --> 00:40:48,655 Surrounded by human settlements, 333 00:40:48,739 --> 00:40:51,783 an isolated patch of forest 334 00:40:51,867 --> 00:40:54,328 barely a dozen football pitches wide. 335 00:40:57,206 --> 00:41:01,502 It's home to an extraordinary group of chimpanzees. 336 00:41:06,840 --> 00:41:08,926 Nearly every day, 337 00:41:09,009 --> 00:41:11,887 they must venture into our world. 338 00:41:46,797 --> 00:41:48,257 We can only imagine 339 00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:51,260 how chimpanzees perceive us. 340 00:42:00,060 --> 00:42:03,522 They have every reason to be wary. 341 00:42:13,115 --> 00:42:16,535 But there are great rewards. 342 00:42:24,251 --> 00:42:26,295 Cultivated fruits 343 00:42:26,378 --> 00:42:28,630 so rich in sugar 344 00:42:29,548 --> 00:42:31,550 must taste like heaven. 345 00:43:00,662 --> 00:43:04,958 These chimps have learned to be stealthy around humans… 346 00:43:07,377 --> 00:43:11,965 and to make the most of this challenging new world. 347 00:43:15,052 --> 00:43:16,219 Palm oil fruit. 348 00:43:17,763 --> 00:43:22,643 The best bit is the kernel, packed with protein and calories. 349 00:43:24,978 --> 00:43:26,104 Just one problem. 350 00:43:28,982 --> 00:43:31,777 It's surrounded by a tough shell. 351 00:43:34,988 --> 00:43:38,408 Getting to it takes ingenuity. 352 00:43:56,218 --> 00:43:58,845 Nut cracking may seem simple to us, 353 00:44:00,138 --> 00:44:02,391 but in terms of animal behavior, 354 00:44:03,266 --> 00:44:05,602 it is revolutionary. 355 00:44:13,652 --> 00:44:16,363 Putting apes right at the top 356 00:44:16,905 --> 00:44:20,409 of an exclusive club of tool users. 357 00:44:23,453 --> 00:44:25,956 Apes make nests. 358 00:44:31,670 --> 00:44:32,713 Umbrellas. 359 00:44:37,676 --> 00:44:38,760 Probes. 360 00:44:43,306 --> 00:44:45,475 Even spears. 361 00:44:52,232 --> 00:44:54,484 This group in Bossou 362 00:44:54,568 --> 00:44:55,819 is exceptional. 363 00:45:00,282 --> 00:45:02,534 They've developed more than one tool 364 00:45:02,617 --> 00:45:04,453 to exploit our crops. 365 00:45:06,621 --> 00:45:08,999 As well as hammers and anvils, 366 00:45:09,082 --> 00:45:11,042 they have invented this. 367 00:45:13,003 --> 00:45:14,004 A pestle. 368 00:45:17,257 --> 00:45:19,468 Used to mash up palm hearts 369 00:45:20,385 --> 00:45:21,636 so they're easier to eat. 370 00:45:24,181 --> 00:45:27,851 A behavior unique to this community. 371 00:45:32,689 --> 00:45:36,735 They've even learned to deactivate poachers' snares 372 00:45:36,818 --> 00:45:40,322 that cause so much damage to other chimp populations. 373 00:45:43,158 --> 00:45:46,161 Yet despite these great achievements, 374 00:45:46,995 --> 00:45:48,705 they continue to dwindle. 375 00:45:50,248 --> 00:45:53,835 Only seven Bossou chimps now remain. 376 00:45:58,256 --> 00:45:59,132 A youngster. 377 00:45:59,758 --> 00:46:02,093 The only one left in the group. 378 00:46:03,720 --> 00:46:05,263 Desperate for playmates. 379 00:46:16,107 --> 00:46:18,485 Pascal Goumi is a local, 380 00:46:19,319 --> 00:46:21,613 but he's not a threat. 381 00:46:26,076 --> 00:46:27,577 As a field researcher, 382 00:46:27,661 --> 00:46:30,789 he's known this chimp since he was born. 383 00:46:34,084 --> 00:46:35,544 It's fair to say 384 00:46:36,127 --> 00:46:37,796 they've become friends. 385 00:46:42,050 --> 00:46:46,179 Friendship is so crucial to ape success, 386 00:46:46,263 --> 00:46:49,850 it can even transcend species boundaries. 387 00:46:56,773 --> 00:46:59,192 But humans 388 00:46:59,276 --> 00:47:01,152 now dominate the planet. 389 00:47:05,907 --> 00:47:09,244 We've left little room for our fellow apes. 390 00:47:12,873 --> 00:47:16,585 And we've forgotten that we have a duty of care. 391 00:47:20,881 --> 00:47:21,756 After all, 392 00:47:22,340 --> 00:47:25,051 this is our family too.