1
00:01:18,610 --> 00:01:20,050
Dr. Oppenheimer.

2
00:01:21,580 --> 00:01:22,890
Dr. Oppenheimer.

3
00:01:24,120 --> 00:01:27,990
As we begin, I believe you have a
statement to read into the record.

4
00:01:29,490 --> 00:01:30,860
Yes, Your Honor.

5
00:01:30,860 --> 00:01:33,290
We’re not judges, Doctor.

6
00:01:33,300 --> 00:01:35,100
No.

7
00:01:35,100 --> 00:01:36,530
Of course.

8
00:01:41,740 --> 00:01:44,370
Members of the security board.

9
00:01:44,370 --> 00:01:48,510
The so-called and derogatory
information in your indictment of me

10
00:01:48,510 --> 00:01:50,040
cannot be fairly understood,

11
00:01:50,050 --> 00:01:54,050
except in the context
of my life and my work.

12
00:01:54,050 --> 00:01:56,520
How long did he testify?

13
00:01:57,120 --> 00:01:58,950
Honestly, I forget.

14
00:02:00,290 --> 00:02:02,260
The whole hearing took a month.

15
00:02:02,260 --> 00:02:03,830
An ordeal.

16
00:02:03,830 --> 00:02:06,760
I’ve only read the transcripts,
but...

17
00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:10,100
Who’d want to justify
their whole life?

18
00:02:10,100 --> 00:02:12,770
- You weren’t there?
- As chairman, I wasn’t allowed to be.

19
00:02:12,770 --> 00:02:15,470
Are they really going
to ask about it?

20
00:02:15,470 --> 00:02:17,310
It was years ago.

21
00:02:17,310 --> 00:02:19,010
- Four years ago.
- Five.

22
00:02:19,840 --> 00:02:21,380
Oppenheimer
still divides America.

23
00:02:21,380 --> 00:02:24,410
The committee is gonna want
to know where you stood.

24
00:02:24,410 --> 00:02:28,180
Senator Thurmond asked me to
say not to feel that you’re on trial.

25
00:02:28,180 --> 00:02:31,450
Aw. Funny, I didn’t
till you just said that.

26
00:02:31,450 --> 00:02:32,590
Really, Mr. Strauss--

27
00:02:32,590 --> 00:02:34,120
It’s Admiral.

28
00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:36,360
Admiral Strauss.
This is a formality.

29
00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:38,790
President Eisenhower has
asked you to be in his cabinet.

30
00:02:38,790 --> 00:02:40,660
Senate really has no choice
but to confirm you.

31
00:02:40,660 --> 00:02:43,000
And if they bring up
Oppenheimer?

32
00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:45,530
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly.

33
00:02:45,530 --> 00:02:47,770
No senator can deny
you did your duty.

34
00:02:47,770 --> 00:02:50,070
It’ll be uncomfortable.

35
00:02:50,070 --> 00:02:52,310
Who’d want to justify
their whole life?

36
00:02:57,210 --> 00:03:00,180
Why did you leave
the United States?

37
00:03:01,750 --> 00:03:05,420
I, uh-- I wanted to study
the new physics.

38
00:03:05,420 --> 00:03:07,360
Was there nowhere here?

39
00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:10,890
I thought Berkeley had the leading
theoretical physics department.

40
00:03:11,530 --> 00:03:13,460
Yes. Once I had built it.

41
00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:14,960
But first I had to go to Europe.

42
00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:18,500
I went to Cambridge
to study under Patrick Blackett.

43
00:03:18,500 --> 00:03:21,040
Were you happier there
than in America?

44
00:03:21,570 --> 00:03:23,240
- Happier?
- Yes.

45
00:03:27,180 --> 00:03:28,940
No.

46
00:03:28,940 --> 00:03:30,150
No, I, uh...

47
00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:34,950
<i>I was homesick, um,</i>

48
00:03:35,820 --> 00:03:37,850
emotionally immature,

49
00:03:38,650 --> 00:03:43,660
troubled by visions
of a hidden universe.

50
00:03:55,770 --> 00:03:56,840
Useless in the lab.

51
00:04:02,180 --> 00:04:03,850
Christ, Oppenheimer.

52
00:04:04,610 --> 00:04:06,280
Have you had any sleep?

53
00:04:08,120 --> 00:04:09,380
Start again.

54
00:04:09,390 --> 00:04:11,820
I need to go
to the lecture, sir.

55
00:04:12,290 --> 00:04:13,290
Why?

56
00:04:13,860 --> 00:04:15,220
It’s Niels Bohr.

57
00:04:17,990 --> 00:04:19,330
I’d completely forgot.

58
00:04:20,130 --> 00:04:22,560
All right.
Let’s go.

59
00:04:24,370 --> 00:04:27,440
Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer.
You finish coating those plates.

60
00:05:07,910 --> 00:05:11,810
<i>Quantum physics
is not a step forward.</i>

61
00:05:11,810 --> 00:05:15,720
It is a new way
to understand reality.

62
00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:17,420
Einstein’s opened the door.

63
00:05:17,420 --> 00:05:21,690
Now we are peering through,
seeing a world inside our world.

64
00:05:21,690 --> 00:05:26,730
A world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.

65
00:06:09,910 --> 00:06:12,270
Yeah-- Are you all right?

66
00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:15,910
Niels,
meet J. Robert Oppenheimer.

67
00:06:15,910 --> 00:06:17,580
What’s the J stand for?

68
00:06:17,580 --> 00:06:19,210
Nothing, apparently.

69
00:06:19,210 --> 00:06:21,380
You were at my lecture. You
asked the only good question.

70
00:06:21,380 --> 00:06:23,320
No one’s denying his insight.

71
00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:25,790
It’s his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.

72
00:06:26,660 --> 00:06:28,020
I heard you give
the same lectu--

73
00:06:28,020 --> 00:06:30,560
At Harvard, yes,
and you asked the same question.

74
00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:31,690
Why ask again?

75
00:06:31,690 --> 00:06:33,160
Hadn’t liked your answer.

76
00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:36,930
- Did you like it better yesterday?
- A lot.

77
00:06:36,930 --> 00:06:41,940
You can lift the stone without being
ready for the snake that’s revealed.

78
00:06:41,940 --> 00:06:44,110
Now it seems you’re ready.

79
00:06:44,110 --> 00:06:46,510
But you don’t enjoy the lab?

80
00:06:46,510 --> 00:06:49,380
So get out of Cambridge
with its beakers and potions.

81
00:06:49,380 --> 00:06:52,350
Go somewhere
they’ll let you think.

82
00:06:53,320 --> 00:06:54,420
Where?

83
00:06:55,750 --> 00:06:56,780
Göttingen.

84
00:06:56,790 --> 00:06:58,750
- Born.
- Born.

85
00:06:58,750 --> 00:07:00,590
Get to Germany.
Study under Max Born.

86
00:07:00,590 --> 00:07:03,290
Learn the ways of theory.

87
00:07:03,290 --> 00:07:04,390
I’ll send word.

88
00:07:05,530 --> 00:07:07,300
Wormhole.

89
00:07:08,830 --> 00:07:10,300
How’s your mathematics?

90
00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:12,130
Not good enough for the
physicist he wants to be.

91
00:07:12,130 --> 00:07:14,270
Algebra’s like sheet music.

92
00:07:14,270 --> 00:07:16,670
The important thing isn’t
"can you read music?"

93
00:07:16,670 --> 00:07:18,140
It’s "can you hear it?"

94
00:07:18,140 --> 00:07:20,880
Can you hear the music, Robert?

95
00:07:21,840 --> 00:07:23,750
Yes, I can.

96
00:08:59,170 --> 00:09:01,040
The senator from Wyoming.

97
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:03,140
Admiral Strauss,

98
00:09:03,150 --> 00:09:04,810
I’m interested in
your relationship with

99
00:09:04,810 --> 00:09:06,550
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.

100
00:09:06,550 --> 00:09:08,380
You met him in 1947?

101
00:09:08,780 --> 00:09:10,350
Correct.

102
00:09:10,350 --> 00:09:12,850
You were commissioner of
the Atomic Energy Commission?

103
00:09:12,850 --> 00:09:17,890
I was, but I actually met Robert
in my capacity as board member

104
00:09:18,260 --> 00:09:20,600
of the Institute for
Advanced Study at Princeton,

105
00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:23,830
because after the war
he was world renowned

106
00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:25,300
as the great man of physics,

107
00:09:25,300 --> 00:09:29,470
and I was determined
to get him to run the Institute.

108
00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:41,850
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.

109
00:09:41,850 --> 00:09:42,980
Mr. Strauss.

110
00:09:42,990 --> 00:09:45,220
It’s pronounced "straws."

111
00:09:45,220 --> 00:09:46,650
Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer.

112
00:09:46,660 --> 00:09:48,720
Whatever way you say it,
they know I’m Jewish.

113
00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:52,930
I’m president of Temple
Emanu-El in Manhattan.

114
00:09:52,930 --> 00:09:55,460
"Straws" is just
the Southern pronunciation.

115
00:09:55,460 --> 00:09:57,800
Anyway,
welcome to the Institute.

116
00:09:57,800 --> 00:09:59,330
I think you could be
very happy here.

117
00:09:59,330 --> 00:10:01,440
Yes, well,
you’ll love the commute.

118
00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:04,140
The position comes with that
house for you and your wife,

119
00:10:04,140 --> 00:10:06,310
and your-- Is it two children?

120
00:10:06,310 --> 00:10:07,340
Yes, two.

121
00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:10,140
I’m a great admirer
of your work.

122
00:10:10,150 --> 00:10:12,450
And you’re a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?

123
00:10:12,450 --> 00:10:14,580
I’m sorry, common room,
four o’clock tea.

124
00:10:14,580 --> 00:10:17,620
No, I’m not trained
in physics or anything else.

125
00:10:17,620 --> 00:10:18,790
I’m a self-made man.

126
00:10:18,790 --> 00:10:21,190
Ah. I can relate to that.
Really?

127
00:10:21,190 --> 00:10:23,290
Yes, my father was one.

128
00:10:24,330 --> 00:10:27,200
And this would be your office.

129
00:10:36,370 --> 00:10:38,970
I’m told he’s there
most afternoons.

130
00:10:38,970 --> 00:10:40,540
You know, I’ve always wondered

131
00:10:40,540 --> 00:10:44,110
why you didn’t involve him
in the Manhattan Project.

132
00:10:45,950 --> 00:10:48,120
Greatest scientific mind
of our time.

133
00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:50,050
Of his time.

134
00:10:50,050 --> 00:10:52,250
Einstein published
his Theory of Relativity

135
00:10:52,250 --> 00:10:55,760
more than 40 years ago now.

136
00:10:55,760 --> 00:10:58,760
But never embraced
the quantum world it revealed.

137
00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:00,360
"God doesn’t play dice."

138
00:11:00,930 --> 00:11:02,500
Precisely.

139
00:11:02,500 --> 00:11:05,100
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?

140
00:11:05,100 --> 00:11:07,670
I had offers,
but I chose to sell shoes.

141
00:11:07,670 --> 00:11:11,010
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.

142
00:11:11,910 --> 00:11:13,910
No, just a shoe salesman.

143
00:11:17,380 --> 00:11:19,410
I’d love to introduce you.

144
00:11:19,410 --> 00:11:20,550
No need.

145
00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:23,020
I have known him for years.

146
00:11:44,670 --> 00:11:45,640
Albert.

147
00:11:50,180 --> 00:11:52,080
What was that?

148
00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:54,380
What did you say to him?

149
00:11:56,350 --> 00:11:57,790
Oh, he’s fine.

150
00:11:59,550 --> 00:12:04,090
Mr. Strauss, there are things in
my past you ought to be aware of.

151
00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:07,800
Well, as chairman of the AEC, I
have access to your security file.

152
00:12:07,800 --> 00:12:08,860
I’ve read it.

153
00:12:08,860 --> 00:12:10,770
You’re not worried?
No.

154
00:12:10,770 --> 00:12:13,230
Why would I be worried after
everything you’ve done for your country?

155
00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:14,670
Well, times change,
Mr. Strauss.

156
00:12:14,670 --> 00:12:16,700
Well, the purpose
of this institute

157
00:12:16,710 --> 00:12:19,410
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.

158
00:12:20,140 --> 00:12:21,380
That’s you.

159
00:12:21,380 --> 00:12:23,940
You are the man for the job.

160
00:12:23,950 --> 00:12:25,750
Well, then I’ll consider it.

161
00:12:25,750 --> 00:12:28,280
I’ll see you
at the AEC meeting tomorrow.

162
00:12:32,950 --> 00:12:35,390
This is one of the most prestigious
appointments in the country.

163
00:12:35,390 --> 00:12:38,190
Yes, with a great commute.

164
00:12:38,190 --> 00:12:39,830
That’s why I’m considering it.

165
00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:43,330
<i>So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought
your attention to</i>

166
00:12:43,330 --> 00:12:45,030
<i>his past associations</i>

167
00:12:45,030 --> 00:12:46,500
before you appointed him?

168
00:12:46,500 --> 00:12:49,270
- Yes.
- And they didn’t concern you?

169
00:12:49,270 --> 00:12:51,070
Just then I was
entirely consumed

170
00:12:51,070 --> 00:12:52,810
with what he must have said
to Einstein

171
00:12:52,810 --> 00:12:55,810
to sour him on me.

172
00:12:58,180 --> 00:12:59,380
But later?

173
00:12:59,380 --> 00:13:01,650
Well, we all know
what happened later.

174
00:13:01,650 --> 00:13:03,680
Doctor, your time in Europe,

175
00:13:03,690 --> 00:13:05,420
you seemed to meet
with a wide range

176
00:13:05,420 --> 00:13:06,990
of other countries’ physicists.

177
00:13:06,990 --> 00:13:08,060
Yes, that’s right.

178
00:13:08,060 --> 00:13:10,130
Any Russians?

179
00:13:11,230 --> 00:13:12,790
None that spring to mind.

180
00:13:12,790 --> 00:13:14,830
If you’ll just allow me
to continue with my statement--

181
00:13:14,830 --> 00:13:18,800
Mr. Robb, you’ll have ample
opportunity to cross-examine.

182
00:13:21,040 --> 00:13:24,370
After Göttingen,
I moved on to Leiden in Holland,

183
00:13:24,370 --> 00:13:26,940
<i>where I first met Isidor Rabi.</i>

184
00:13:26,940 --> 00:13:28,710
Excuse me.

185
00:13:33,350 --> 00:13:35,420
A Yank, lecturing
on the new physics?

186
00:13:35,420 --> 00:13:36,880
This I have to hear.

187
00:13:36,890 --> 00:13:39,020
I’m an American myself.

188
00:13:39,020 --> 00:13:40,390
How surprising.

189
00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:43,860
Let me know if you need any help
with the English.

190
00:13:57,870 --> 00:13:59,770
Wait, what’s he saying?

191
00:14:10,690 --> 00:14:11,520
No, thank you.

192
00:14:11,520 --> 00:14:13,420
It’s a long way to Zurich.

193
00:14:13,420 --> 00:14:16,360
You get any skinnier, we’re gonna
lose you between the seat cushions.

194
00:14:16,990 --> 00:14:18,060
I’m Rabi.

195
00:14:18,060 --> 00:14:19,360
Oppenheimer.

196
00:14:19,360 --> 00:14:21,400
I caught your lecture
on molecules.

197
00:14:21,400 --> 00:14:23,200
Caught some of it.

198
00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:25,800
We’re a couple of New York Jews.
How do you know Dutch?

199
00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:28,570
Well, I thought I’d better learn
it when I got here this semester.

200
00:14:28,570 --> 00:14:32,210
You learned enough Dutch in six weeks
to give a lecture on quantum mechanics?

201
00:14:32,210 --> 00:14:33,640
Wanted to challenge myself.

202
00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:36,140
Quantum physics wasn’t
challenging enough.

203
00:14:36,140 --> 00:14:37,880
<i>Schvitzer.
Schvitzer?</i>

204
00:14:37,880 --> 00:14:39,350
Show-off.

205
00:14:39,350 --> 00:14:41,580
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish?

206
00:14:41,580 --> 00:14:43,820
They don’t speak it so much
my side of the park.

207
00:14:43,820 --> 00:14:45,420
Screw you.

208
00:14:46,350 --> 00:14:49,590
- You homesick?
- Oh, you know it.

209
00:14:49,590 --> 00:14:52,890
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn’t entirely welcome here?

210
00:14:52,890 --> 00:14:53,960
Physicists?

211
00:14:54,400 --> 00:14:55,400
That’s funny.

212
00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:57,500
Not in the department.

213
00:14:57,500 --> 00:14:58,900
They’re all Jewish too.

214
00:15:01,040 --> 00:15:02,270
Eat.

215
00:15:04,710 --> 00:15:06,940
There’s a German
you have to seek out.

216
00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:10,280
Heisenberg.
Right.

217
00:15:19,320 --> 00:15:23,560
One might be led to the presumption
that behind the quantum world,

218
00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:27,260
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,

219
00:15:27,260 --> 00:15:32,000
but such speculations seem
to us, to say it explicitly, fruitless.

220
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:33,970
Thank you. Have a great day.

221
00:15:38,270 --> 00:15:40,410
Werner. Wonderful.
Thank you.

222
00:15:40,410 --> 00:15:42,080
Dr. Oppenheimer.

223
00:15:42,080 --> 00:15:46,110
Oppenheimer, yes. I liked
your paper on molecules.

224
00:15:46,110 --> 00:15:47,510
Probably because
you inspired it.

225
00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:49,220
If I inspire anything else,
let me know.

226
00:15:49,220 --> 00:15:50,280
We could publish together.

227
00:15:50,290 --> 00:15:52,050
I have to get back to America.

228
00:15:52,050 --> 00:15:53,690
Why?

229
00:15:53,690 --> 00:15:56,060
There’s no one there
taking quantum mechanics seriously.

230
00:15:56,060 --> 00:15:57,590
That’s exactly why.

231
00:15:57,590 --> 00:16:00,190
He’s pining for
the canyons of Manhattan.

232
00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:02,500
Canyons of New Mexico.

233
00:16:02,500 --> 00:16:03,660
You’re from New Mexico?

234
00:16:03,670 --> 00:16:05,400
No. New York,
but my brother and I

235
00:16:05,400 --> 00:16:07,900
have a ranch outside Santa Fe.

236
00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:09,740
That’s the America
I miss right now.

237
00:16:09,740 --> 00:16:12,110
Then it’s best
you get home, cowboys.

238
00:16:13,210 --> 00:16:14,480
That’s him.

239
00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:17,810
No, me and horses?
I don’t think so.

240
00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:19,780
Nice to meet you.

241
00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:23,680
Did you ever encounter
Heisenberg again?

242
00:16:23,690 --> 00:16:26,420
Not in person, no, but, uh...

243
00:16:27,860 --> 00:16:30,290
you might say our paths crossed.

244
00:16:31,430 --> 00:16:32,930
On returning to America,

245
00:16:32,930 --> 00:16:36,100
I accepted positions at
both Caltech and up at Berkeley.

246
00:17:00,490 --> 00:17:02,490
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?

247
00:17:04,490 --> 00:17:06,760
- You must be Oppenheimer.
- Yes.

248
00:17:06,760 --> 00:17:09,230
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.

249
00:17:09,230 --> 00:17:11,100
I am starting it. Next door.

250
00:17:11,100 --> 00:17:12,300
They put you in there?

251
00:17:12,300 --> 00:17:13,600
I asked for it.

252
00:17:13,600 --> 00:17:15,570
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.

253
00:17:15,570 --> 00:17:17,170
Theory will get you
only so far, huh?

254
00:17:17,170 --> 00:17:19,370
We’re building a machine
to accelerate electrons.

255
00:17:19,370 --> 00:17:20,440
Magnificent.

256
00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:22,040
Would you like to help?

257
00:17:22,040 --> 00:17:23,840
Build it? Oh, no.

258
00:17:23,850 --> 00:17:25,210
No, no.

259
00:17:25,210 --> 00:17:27,650
But I am working on theories
I’d like to test with it.

260
00:17:27,650 --> 00:17:28,880
When do you start teaching?

261
00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:30,450
I’ve got my first in an hour.

262
00:17:30,450 --> 00:17:32,690
- Seminar?
- Pupil.

263
00:17:33,220 --> 00:17:35,820
One student? That’s it?

264
00:17:35,820 --> 00:17:38,230
I’m teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.

265
00:17:38,230 --> 00:17:40,560
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it--

266
00:17:40,560 --> 00:17:42,200
There’s no going back.

267
00:17:44,530 --> 00:17:47,200
- Oh. I must have missed the--
- Mr. Lomanitz?

268
00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:48,470
Nah--

269
00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:50,770
Yeah.

270
00:17:50,770 --> 00:17:53,840
Yes, this is it.
Please. Take a seat.

271
00:17:58,850 --> 00:18:00,780
What do you know
about quantum mechanics?

272
00:18:01,650 --> 00:18:03,580
I have a grasp on the basics.

273
00:18:03,590 --> 00:18:05,820
Then you’re doing it wrong.

274
00:18:05,820 --> 00:18:08,060
Is light made up
of particles or waves?

275
00:18:08,060 --> 00:18:10,790
Quantum mechanics says
it’s both. How could it be both?

276
00:18:10,790 --> 00:18:13,130
- It can’t.
- It can’t.

277
00:18:13,130 --> 00:18:14,390
But it is.

278
00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:17,900
It’s paradoxical,
and yet, it works.

279
00:18:24,910 --> 00:18:26,010
Now...

280
00:18:28,310 --> 00:18:29,910
Thank you.

281
00:18:29,910 --> 00:18:31,310
Mr. Lomanitz.

282
00:18:31,310 --> 00:18:32,580
You’re gonna be okay.

283
00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:34,280
Mr. Snyder.

284
00:18:34,280 --> 00:18:36,420
Now let’s consider a star.

285
00:18:36,420 --> 00:18:37,890
<i>A star.</i>

286
00:18:37,890 --> 00:18:39,950
A vast furnace
burning in outer space,

287
00:18:39,950 --> 00:18:42,590
fire pushing outwards
against its own gravity.

288
00:18:42,590 --> 00:18:43,990
Balanced.

289
00:18:45,190 --> 00:18:46,690
But if that furnace cools

290
00:18:47,730 --> 00:18:50,600
and gravity starts winning,
it contracts.

291
00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:51,730
Density increases.

292
00:18:51,730 --> 00:18:54,500
Correct.
Increasing gravity.

293
00:18:54,500 --> 00:18:56,170
- Increasing density.
- And?

294
00:18:56,170 --> 00:19:00,010
It’s a vicious cycle until...
What’s the limit here?

295
00:19:00,010 --> 00:19:03,110
I don’t know.
See where the math takes us.

296
00:19:03,110 --> 00:19:04,980
I guarantee it’s somewhere
no one’s been before.

297
00:19:04,980 --> 00:19:06,910
Me?

298
00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:09,080
Yes, you.
Your math is better than mine.

299
00:19:10,820 --> 00:19:12,650
<i>Dr. Oppenheimer’s file</i>

300
00:19:12,650 --> 00:19:15,260
<i>contained details
of his activities in Berkeley.</i>

301
00:19:15,260 --> 00:19:18,130
Why would they have started
a file on Dr. Oppenheimer

302
00:19:18,130 --> 00:19:19,790
before the war?

303
00:19:19,790 --> 00:19:22,360
Well, you’d have to ask
Mr. Hoover.

304
00:19:22,360 --> 00:19:24,270
I’m asking you, Admiral Strauss.

305
00:19:24,730 --> 00:19:26,700
Uh, my assumption is

306
00:19:26,700 --> 00:19:31,740
that it was connected to his,
uh, left-wing political activities.

307
00:19:34,510 --> 00:19:37,110
You shouldn’t let them bring up
politics in the classroom, Oppie.

308
00:19:37,550 --> 00:19:38,910
I wrote that.

309
00:19:38,910 --> 00:19:41,980
Lawrence, you embrace
the revolution in physics.

310
00:19:41,980 --> 00:19:44,020
Can’t you see it
everywhere else?

311
00:19:44,020 --> 00:19:46,150
Picasso, Stravinsky,
Freud, Marx.

312
00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:49,290
Well, this is America, Oppie.
We had our revolution.

313
00:19:50,120 --> 00:19:52,830
Seriously,
keep it out of the lab.

314
00:19:52,830 --> 00:19:57,660
Well, out of the lab, my landlady is
having a discussion group tonight.

315
00:19:57,670 --> 00:19:59,000
Interested?

316
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:01,100
I have sampled
the Berkeley political scene.

317
00:20:01,100 --> 00:20:05,440
It’s all just philosophy postgrads
and communists talking integration.

318
00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:06,970
You don’t care
about integration?

319
00:20:06,980 --> 00:20:08,840
I want to vote for it,
not talk about it.

320
00:20:08,840 --> 00:20:10,310
Especially on a Friday.

321
00:20:10,310 --> 00:20:11,410
Come on. Let’s eat.

322
00:20:11,410 --> 00:20:13,380
I’m meeting my brother there.

323
00:20:13,380 --> 00:20:17,450
And how would these activities
have come to the attention of the FBI?

324
00:20:17,450 --> 00:20:19,320
Well, if I remember correctly,

325
00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:23,660
the FBI was taking license plates
outside suspected communist gatherings,

326
00:20:23,660 --> 00:20:25,660
<i>and his name popped up.</i>

327
00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:35,470
Jesus Christ. Sorry.

328
00:20:35,470 --> 00:20:37,210
Frank.
Robert.

329
00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:39,910
Uh, you remember Jackie.

330
00:20:39,910 --> 00:20:40,980
Evening.

331
00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:42,910
Let’s go.

332
00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:48,050
Robert.

333
00:20:48,050 --> 00:20:50,350
I want you to meet Chevalier.

334
00:20:50,350 --> 00:20:53,650
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.

335
00:20:53,660 --> 00:20:54,990
Pleasure.
Pleasure.

336
00:20:54,990 --> 00:20:56,760
This is
my little brother, Frank. Hello.

337
00:20:56,760 --> 00:20:58,460
- And this is--
- Still Jackie.

338
00:20:58,460 --> 00:20:59,630
Hello, Still Jackie.

339
00:20:59,630 --> 00:21:01,600
Chevalier, you’re in languages?

340
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:03,400
And your reputation
precedes you.

341
00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:05,000
What have you heard?

342
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:06,700
That you’re teaching a radical
new approach to physics

343
00:21:06,700 --> 00:21:08,140
I have no chance
of understanding,

344
00:21:08,140 --> 00:21:10,000
but I hadn’t heard
you’re a Party member.

345
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:11,740
- I’m not.
- Not yet.

346
00:21:11,740 --> 00:21:14,270
Frank and I are thinking of
joining. Just the other day, I was--

347
00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:15,610
I support a range of causes.

348
00:21:15,610 --> 00:21:17,510
The Spanish Civil War?

349
00:21:17,510 --> 00:21:19,880
A democratic republic being
overthrown by fascist thugs, who wouldn’t?

350
00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:23,950
Our government. They think that
socialism is a bigger threat than fascism.

351
00:21:23,950 --> 00:21:26,790
Not for long. Look at what
the Nazis are doing to the Jews.

352
00:21:26,790 --> 00:21:29,490
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.

353
00:21:29,490 --> 00:21:31,260
I have to do something.

354
00:21:31,930 --> 00:21:34,660
My own work is so abstract.

355
00:21:34,660 --> 00:21:38,530
What are you working on? What
happens to stars when they die.

356
00:21:38,530 --> 00:21:39,800
Do stars die?

357
00:21:40,870 --> 00:21:44,300
Well, if they do,
they cool, then collapse.

358
00:21:44,310 --> 00:21:49,340
In fact, the bigger the star,
the more violent its demise.

359
00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:53,710
Their gravity gets so
concentrated, it swallows everything.

360
00:21:53,720 --> 00:21:55,380
Everything, even light.

361
00:21:55,380 --> 00:21:56,650
Can that really happen?

362
00:21:56,650 --> 00:21:58,450
The math says it can.

363
00:21:58,450 --> 00:22:01,560
If we can get published, then perhaps
one day an astronomer finds one.

364
00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:03,190
But right now,
all I have is theory,

365
00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:05,260
which can’t impact
people’s lives.

366
00:22:05,260 --> 00:22:07,560
Well, if you’re going
to send money to Spain,

367
00:22:07,560 --> 00:22:09,260
do it through
the Communist Party.

368
00:22:09,260 --> 00:22:12,700
- They can get it to the front lines.
- Mary sent me with these.

369
00:22:13,430 --> 00:22:14,670
I’m Jean.

370
00:22:15,370 --> 00:22:16,400
Robert.

371
00:22:16,400 --> 00:22:17,770
Haakon Chevalier.

372
00:22:17,770 --> 00:22:19,510
The union meeting
at Serber’s last month.

373
00:22:19,510 --> 00:22:20,810
Right, right, yes.

374
00:22:20,810 --> 00:22:22,310
Oh, thank you.

375
00:22:22,310 --> 00:22:24,410
Robert here
says he’s not a communist.

376
00:22:24,410 --> 00:22:26,780
Well, then he doesn’t
know enough about it.

377
00:22:26,780 --> 00:22:29,380
I’ve read <i>Das Kapital,</i>
all three volumes.

378
00:22:29,380 --> 00:22:32,690
- Does that count?
- It would make you better read than most party members.

379
00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:36,590
It’s turgid stuff. There’s some
thinking, "Ownership is theft."

380
00:22:36,590 --> 00:22:37,860
"Property."

381
00:22:37,860 --> 00:22:40,290
"Property"?
"Property," not "ownership."

382
00:22:40,290 --> 00:22:42,400
I’m sorry, I read it
in the original German.

383
00:22:43,770 --> 00:22:45,670
Well...

384
00:22:45,670 --> 00:22:48,840
It’s not about the book.
It’s about the ideas.

385
00:22:48,840 --> 00:22:50,570
And you sound uncommitted.

386
00:22:50,570 --> 00:22:54,540
I’m committed to thinking freely
about how to improve our world.

387
00:22:54,540 --> 00:22:56,480
Why limit yourself to one dogma?

388
00:22:56,480 --> 00:22:59,450
You’re a physicist.
You pick and choose rules?

389
00:22:59,450 --> 00:23:03,820
Or do you use the discipline to
channel your energies into progress?

390
00:23:03,820 --> 00:23:05,950
I like a little wiggle room.

391
00:23:06,790 --> 00:23:08,990
Do you always
toe the party line?

392
00:23:10,530 --> 00:23:12,330
I like my wiggle room too.

393
00:23:22,900 --> 00:23:24,700
What?

394
00:23:24,710 --> 00:23:26,040
Wait, wait, wait.

395
00:23:29,980 --> 00:23:32,650
- Unexpected.
- What?

396
00:23:32,650 --> 00:23:34,050
For a physicist.

397
00:23:34,050 --> 00:23:36,480
You only have a shelf
full of Freud?

398
00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:39,290
Well, actually,
my background’s more--

399
00:23:39,290 --> 00:23:40,490
Jungian?

400
00:23:42,460 --> 00:23:44,060
You know analysis?

401
00:23:44,060 --> 00:23:47,300
When I was a postgrad at
Cambridge, I had a little trouble.

402
00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:49,430
I’ll bite.

403
00:23:49,430 --> 00:23:50,930
I tried to poison my tutor.

404
00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:52,000
Did you hate him?

405
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:53,600
I liked him very much.

406
00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:55,500
You just needed to get laid.

407
00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:57,040
Took my analyst two years,

408
00:23:57,040 --> 00:23:59,010
and I don’t think they ever
put it that succinctly.

409
00:23:59,010 --> 00:24:03,040
You have everyone convinced you’re
more complicated than you actually are.

410
00:24:03,040 --> 00:24:05,180
We’re all simple souls, I guess.

411
00:24:05,180 --> 00:24:06,410
I’m not.

412
00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:10,320
What’s this?

413
00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:11,850
Sanskrit.

414
00:24:11,850 --> 00:24:13,050
You can read this?

415
00:24:13,050 --> 00:24:14,990
I’m learning.

416
00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:21,000
Read this.

417
00:24:22,400 --> 00:24:26,400
Well, in this part, Vishnu
reveals his multi-armed self--

418
00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:27,540
No.

419
00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:30,340
Read the words.

420
00:24:33,840 --> 00:24:36,240
"And now I am become Death."

421
00:24:42,150 --> 00:24:44,050
"The destroyer of worlds."

422
00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:15,920
This’ll do.

423
00:25:22,220 --> 00:25:24,020
It’ll break before dawn.

424
00:25:24,030 --> 00:25:27,600
Air cools overnight.
Just before dawn, it breaks.

425
00:25:29,430 --> 00:25:31,270
Come on. Come on.

426
00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:40,140
So...

427
00:25:40,140 --> 00:25:41,510
I’m getting married.

428
00:25:41,510 --> 00:25:43,940
- Frank. Congratulations.
- Thank you.

429
00:25:43,950 --> 00:25:45,080
To Jackie?

430
00:25:45,080 --> 00:25:47,650
Yeah, to Jackie.

431
00:25:47,650 --> 00:25:49,120
The waitress.

432
00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:50,520
Oppie, you’re right.
It’s lettin’ up.

433
00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:52,450
I’m gonna go see
if there’s any stars.

434
00:25:52,450 --> 00:25:55,090
All your talk
about the common man,

435
00:25:55,090 --> 00:25:57,590
but Jackie’s not good enough
for you, hmm?

436
00:25:57,590 --> 00:26:00,160
We join the Party, and you
can’t hide your disapproval, why?

437
00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:02,200
Is that because that’s
supposed to be your thing?

438
00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:03,900
I haven’t joined the Party, Frank.

439
00:26:03,900 --> 00:26:06,330
And I don’t think she should
have convinced you to either.

440
00:26:06,330 --> 00:26:08,030
Half of the faculty
is communist.

441
00:26:08,040 --> 00:26:09,300
Not that half.

442
00:26:10,470 --> 00:26:13,270
I’m your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.

443
00:26:13,270 --> 00:26:15,340
And I want to wring your neck.

444
00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:20,480
I won’t live my life
afraid to make a mistake.

445
00:26:22,220 --> 00:26:25,350
You’re happy, I’m happy.

446
00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:28,420
So then I’m happy you’re happy
that I’m happy.

447
00:26:33,030 --> 00:26:36,500
I feel like I could see one of those
dark stars that you’re working on.

448
00:26:36,500 --> 00:26:39,670
You can’t.
That’s the whole point.

449
00:26:39,670 --> 00:26:41,700
Their gravity swallows light.

450
00:26:42,500 --> 00:26:45,110
It’s like a kind of hole
in space.

451
00:26:45,870 --> 00:26:47,070
Is Frank okay?

452
00:26:47,070 --> 00:26:50,080
Yes. He just has
a shitty brother.

453
00:26:50,810 --> 00:26:52,350
It is special here.

454
00:26:54,820 --> 00:26:56,220
When I was a kid,

455
00:26:57,220 --> 00:26:59,250
I thought if I could find a way

456
00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:04,690
to combine physics
and New Mexico,

457
00:27:04,690 --> 00:27:06,490
my life would be perfect.

458
00:27:08,230 --> 00:27:10,830
Little remote for that. Yes.

459
00:27:10,830 --> 00:27:13,100
Let’s get some sleep.

460
00:27:13,100 --> 00:27:17,370
That mesa we saw today, one
of my favorite places in the world.

461
00:27:18,110 --> 00:27:19,770
Tomorrow we’ll climb it.

462
00:27:19,770 --> 00:27:21,310
What’s it called?

463
00:27:22,110 --> 00:27:24,150
Los Alamos.

464
00:27:27,350 --> 00:27:29,420
I didn’t expect
to see you today.

465
00:27:30,550 --> 00:27:32,520
Do I have to
make an appointment?

466
00:27:34,290 --> 00:27:37,160
- Hey! Hey, get back here!
- Alvarez?

467
00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:46,130
Oppie! Oppie!

468
00:27:46,130 --> 00:27:48,130
What? What is it?

469
00:27:48,140 --> 00:27:49,800
They’ve done it.
They’ve done it.

470
00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:53,170
Hahn and Strassmann in Germany.
They split the uranium nucleus.

471
00:27:54,210 --> 00:27:55,740
How?

472
00:27:56,910 --> 00:27:58,610
Bombarded it with neutrons.

473
00:27:58,610 --> 00:28:01,610
It’s a nuclear fission. They
did it, they split the atom.

474
00:28:01,620 --> 00:28:03,120
It’s not possible.

475
00:28:09,290 --> 00:28:11,160
I’m gonna try to reproduce it.

476
00:28:17,770 --> 00:28:19,730
See? Can’t be done.

477
00:28:20,900 --> 00:28:22,300
Very elegant.

478
00:28:22,870 --> 00:28:24,140
Quite clear.

479
00:28:24,140 --> 00:28:26,470
There’s just one problem.
Where?

480
00:28:26,970 --> 00:28:28,240
Next door.

481
00:28:28,780 --> 00:28:30,210
Alvarez did it.

482
00:28:30,780 --> 00:28:32,680
But then look,

483
00:28:32,680 --> 00:28:35,920
these fission pulses,
they’re massive.

484
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:39,520
I’ve seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.

485
00:28:39,520 --> 00:28:42,390
Theory will take you
only so far.

486
00:28:43,990 --> 00:28:46,190
During the process,

487
00:28:46,190 --> 00:28:50,760
extra neutrons boil off, which could
be used to split other uranium atoms.

488
00:28:50,770 --> 00:28:53,900
Chain reaction. You’re
thinkin’ what I’m thinkin’?

489
00:28:53,900 --> 00:28:56,940
You, me and every other
physicist around the world

490
00:28:56,940 --> 00:28:59,010
who’s seen the news.

491
00:28:59,010 --> 00:29:01,080
What?
What are we all thinking?

492
00:29:01,880 --> 00:29:04,610
A bomb, Alvarez.

493
00:29:05,780 --> 00:29:07,180
A bomb.

494
00:29:08,350 --> 00:29:10,580
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.

495
00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:15,620
I don’t understand what you want
from me. I don’t want anything from you.

496
00:29:16,860 --> 00:29:20,760
Well, you say that and then
you call. Well, don’t answer.

497
00:29:21,930 --> 00:29:23,400
I’ll always answer.

498
00:29:28,540 --> 00:29:31,610
Fine. Just no more flowers.

499
00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:34,710
You’re not coming?

500
00:29:36,410 --> 00:29:38,750
You have to know
when you’re beaten, Robert.

501
00:29:41,080 --> 00:29:42,720
It’s not that simple, Hoke.

502
00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:45,080
- Chevalier, good to see you.
- F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T!

503
00:29:45,090 --> 00:29:48,620
Barbara, good to see you, and
the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer.

504
00:29:48,620 --> 00:29:50,620
I’m Eltenton. Pleasure.

505
00:29:50,620 --> 00:29:52,090
Please, please.

506
00:29:52,090 --> 00:29:55,430
Might you say a word about
organized labor on campuses, yes?

507
00:29:55,430 --> 00:29:57,030
Coming through!
Coming through.

508
00:29:57,030 --> 00:29:58,530
I work at Shell.

509
00:29:58,530 --> 00:30:00,630
We’ve signed up chemists,
we signed up engineers,

510
00:30:00,630 --> 00:30:02,500
so why not scientists
in academia?

511
00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:07,540
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!

512
00:30:16,450 --> 00:30:18,620
Teachers are unionized.

513
00:30:18,620 --> 00:30:21,390
- Why not professors?
- Don’t you have somewhere to be?

514
00:30:21,390 --> 00:30:24,090
Lawrence,
academics have rights too.

515
00:30:24,090 --> 00:30:26,260
Look, it’s not that.
I’ve got a group coming.

516
00:30:26,260 --> 00:30:28,190
Oh. I’ll sit in.

517
00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:29,500
Not this one.

518
00:30:35,700 --> 00:30:39,540
Richard. Dr. Bush.
What brings you two up north?

519
00:30:48,550 --> 00:30:51,720
Richard, you tell Ruth I’ll be
down to Pasadena Thursday.

520
00:31:01,530 --> 00:31:03,900
Your paper on black holes is in!

521
00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:07,300
Where’s Hartland?

522
00:31:07,300 --> 00:31:09,240
Get Hartland. Get Hartland.

523
00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:13,210
September 1st, 1939. The
world’s gonna remember this day.

524
00:31:14,540 --> 00:31:16,610
Oh, Hartland.
Our paper, it’s in print.

525
00:31:16,610 --> 00:31:18,780
We’ve been upstaged.

526
00:31:21,780 --> 00:31:23,620
<i>During the Battle of Britain,</i>

527
00:31:23,620 --> 00:31:26,620
I found myself
increasingly out of sympathy

528
00:31:26,620 --> 00:31:30,790
with the policy of neutrality
that communists advocated.

529
00:31:30,790 --> 00:31:33,930
But after Hitler invaded Russia
and we became allies,

530
00:31:33,930 --> 00:31:36,660
these communist sympathies,
did they return?

531
00:31:36,660 --> 00:31:38,100
No.

532
00:31:38,100 --> 00:31:42,300
I need to make clear
that my changing views on Russia

533
00:31:42,300 --> 00:31:45,870
did not mean a sharp break from
those who held different views.

534
00:31:45,870 --> 00:31:48,370
For a year or two,
and during a previous marriage,

535
00:31:48,380 --> 00:31:51,810
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.

536
00:31:55,620 --> 00:31:57,750
This way. This is where
I keep the good stuff.

537
00:31:57,750 --> 00:31:59,650
I thought this was
the Tolmans’ house.

538
00:31:59,650 --> 00:32:01,650
I live with them
while I’m at Caltech.

539
00:32:01,660 --> 00:32:04,860
- Do you two need anything?
- We’re good, Ruthie.

540
00:32:06,030 --> 00:32:08,630
So, you’re a biologist.

541
00:32:08,630 --> 00:32:11,860
Well, somehow I have
graduated to housewife.

542
00:32:11,870 --> 00:32:16,200
Can you explain quantum
mechanics to me? Seems baffling.

543
00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:17,870
Yes, it is.

544
00:32:19,170 --> 00:32:22,740
Well, this glass, this drink,

545
00:32:23,610 --> 00:32:27,580
this countertop, uh, our bodies,

546
00:32:28,980 --> 00:32:30,350
all of it.

547
00:32:31,350 --> 00:32:33,420
It’s mostly empty space.

548
00:32:33,420 --> 00:32:36,760
Groupings of tiny energy waves
bound together.

549
00:32:36,760 --> 00:32:37,990
By what?

550
00:32:37,990 --> 00:32:41,260
Forces of attraction
strong enough to convince us

551
00:32:41,260 --> 00:32:46,300
that matter is solid, stop my
body passing through yours.

552
00:32:58,650 --> 00:33:00,510
You’re married to Dr. Harrison.

553
00:33:00,950 --> 00:33:01,950
Not very.

554
00:33:04,120 --> 00:33:07,690
There is someone that I feel--

555
00:33:07,690 --> 00:33:09,220
Does she feel the same way?

556
00:33:09,220 --> 00:33:10,790
Sometimes.

557
00:33:11,530 --> 00:33:13,030
Not enough.

558
00:33:14,260 --> 00:33:16,960
You know,
I’m going to New Mexico.

559
00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:20,300
To my ranch, with friends.
You should come.

560
00:33:21,340 --> 00:33:23,300
I meant with your husband.

561
00:33:23,300 --> 00:33:24,540
Yes, you did.

562
00:33:24,540 --> 00:33:25,610
’Cause you know it won’t make

563
00:33:25,610 --> 00:33:27,780
a bit of difference.

564
00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:33,150
Why did you marry him?

565
00:33:33,150 --> 00:33:36,550
I was lost and he was kind.

566
00:33:38,790 --> 00:33:39,750
Lost?

567
00:33:39,750 --> 00:33:41,950
Well, my previous husband
had died,

568
00:33:41,960 --> 00:33:45,360
and at 28 I wasn’t really ready
to be a widow.

569
00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:46,790
Who was your first husband?

570
00:33:46,790 --> 00:33:50,200
Nobody. But my second
husband was Joe Dallet.

571
00:33:50,200 --> 00:33:52,600
He was, um, from money, like me,

572
00:33:52,600 --> 00:33:56,270
but he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.

573
00:33:56,270 --> 00:33:57,440
Fell hard.

574
00:33:57,440 --> 00:33:58,870
How hard?

575
00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:00,440
Hard enough to spend
the next four years

576
00:34:00,440 --> 00:34:01,870
living off beans and pancakes,

577
00:34:01,880 --> 00:34:04,640
handing out the <i>Daily Worker</i>
at factory gates.

578
00:34:04,650 --> 00:34:07,550
By 36, I just told Joe
I couldn’t take it anymore.

579
00:34:07,550 --> 00:34:10,220
Quit the Party. A year
later, I wanted him back.

580
00:34:10,220 --> 00:34:12,690
Him, not the <i>Daily Worker.</i>

581
00:34:12,690 --> 00:34:14,890
He said, "Swell, I’ll meet
you on my way to Spain."

582
00:34:14,890 --> 00:34:16,620
He went to fight
for the Loyalists?

583
00:34:16,620 --> 00:34:19,760
And then he went to the
brigades and I waited, and...

584
00:34:21,060 --> 00:34:25,400
Joe got himself killed first time he
popped his head outta the trench.

585
00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:27,770
Ideology got Joe killed.
For nothing.

586
00:34:27,770 --> 00:34:29,470
Spanish Republic isn’t nothing.

587
00:34:29,470 --> 00:34:32,740
My husband offered both our
futures to stop one fascist bullet

588
00:34:32,740 --> 00:34:35,140
from embedding itself
in a mudbank.

589
00:34:35,940 --> 00:34:38,380
That’s the definition
of nothing.

590
00:34:38,380 --> 00:34:40,550
Seems a little reductive. Pragmatic.

591
00:34:42,350 --> 00:34:43,820
Now here I am.

592
00:34:46,290 --> 00:34:48,790
Wherever the hell this is.

593
00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:57,760
I didn’t want you to hear it
from anyone else.

594
00:35:00,500 --> 00:35:02,500
Least you didn’t
bring me flowers.

595
00:35:09,940 --> 00:35:12,710
We both know
I’m not what you want, Jean.

596
00:35:13,650 --> 00:35:15,920
Yeah, but it’s a door closing.

597
00:35:16,450 --> 00:35:17,680
No.

598
00:35:19,350 --> 00:35:21,620
Not as far as I’m concerned, no.

599
00:35:22,920 --> 00:35:25,190
You knocked her up.
Fast work.

600
00:35:25,190 --> 00:35:28,130
Can’t keep a good man down.

601
00:35:28,130 --> 00:35:29,560
I meant her.

602
00:35:29,560 --> 00:35:33,430
She knew what she wanted.
What about the husband?

603
00:35:33,430 --> 00:35:34,830
We talked.

604
00:35:34,840 --> 00:35:36,240
They’re getting a divorce

605
00:35:36,240 --> 00:35:40,510
so we can get married
before she starts showing.

606
00:35:40,510 --> 00:35:42,180
How civilized.

607
00:35:43,910 --> 00:35:46,980
You idiot.
This is your community.

608
00:35:46,980 --> 00:35:50,350
You think the rules don’t apply
to the golden boy?

609
00:35:51,020 --> 00:35:53,220
Brilliance makes up for a lot.

610
00:35:53,220 --> 00:35:57,460
Don’t alienate the only people in
the world that understand what you do.

611
00:35:58,660 --> 00:36:00,190
One day you might need them.

612
00:36:00,190 --> 00:36:02,900
F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T!

613
00:36:02,900 --> 00:36:05,160
The Federation of Architects, Engineers,

614
00:36:05,170 --> 00:36:07,530
Chemists and Technicians.

615
00:36:13,810 --> 00:36:17,340
- Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month?
- That’s not the point, Lawrence.

616
00:36:17,340 --> 00:36:22,380
What do any of you have in common
with farm laborers and dock workers?

617
00:36:22,520 --> 00:36:23,920
Plenty.

618
00:36:24,820 --> 00:36:27,090
Everybody out. Now!

619
00:36:31,530 --> 00:36:32,830
Not you.

620
00:36:38,670 --> 00:36:40,330
What are you doing?

621
00:36:40,330 --> 00:36:43,470
It’s a trade union.
Filled with communists.

622
00:36:43,470 --> 00:36:45,300
So? I haven’t
joined the Party.

623
00:36:45,310 --> 00:36:48,870
They won’t let me bring you onto
the project because of this shit.

624
00:36:48,880 --> 00:36:51,240
They won’t even let me tell you
what the project is.

625
00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:54,150
Oh, I know what the
project is. Oh, really?

626
00:36:54,150 --> 00:36:56,920
We’ve all heard about Einstein
and Szilard’s letter to Roosevelt

627
00:36:56,920 --> 00:36:58,480
warning him the Germans
could make a bomb,

628
00:36:58,490 --> 00:37:02,190
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.

629
00:37:02,190 --> 00:37:03,560
And I don’t?

630
00:37:03,560 --> 00:37:06,660
It’s not your people
they’re herding into camps.

631
00:37:06,660 --> 00:37:08,360
It’s mine.

632
00:37:08,360 --> 00:37:11,100
You think that I tell them
about your politics.

633
00:37:12,900 --> 00:37:14,730
The next time you’re
coming home from a meeting,

634
00:37:14,740 --> 00:37:16,600
why don’t you take a look
in the rearview mirror?

635
00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:21,640
Listen to the sounds on your phone
line and stop being so goddamn naive.

636
00:37:22,980 --> 00:37:24,610
Why would they care what I do?

637
00:37:24,610 --> 00:37:26,850
Because you’re not
just self-important,

638
00:37:26,850 --> 00:37:29,020
you’re actually important.

639
00:37:32,320 --> 00:37:33,550
Okay.

640
00:37:34,790 --> 00:37:37,520
I get it. If you could
just be a little more--

641
00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:39,030
Pragmatic.

642
00:37:39,030 --> 00:37:40,760
I’ll talk to Lomanitz,
I’ll talk to the others.

643
00:37:40,760 --> 00:37:43,930
You don’t have to worry.
It’s done, Lawrence.

644
00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:50,840
Then welcome to the war.

645
00:37:50,840 --> 00:37:53,140
I filled out
my first security questionnaire

646
00:37:53,140 --> 00:37:56,380
and was informed that my
involvement with left-wing groups

647
00:37:56,380 --> 00:38:00,380
would not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.

648
00:38:00,380 --> 00:38:03,120
<i>Why were
his communist associations</i>

649
00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:06,050
not seen as a security risk
during the war?

650
00:38:06,050 --> 00:38:09,190
Senator, I can’t possibly
answer for security clearance

651
00:38:09,190 --> 00:38:11,460
granted years
before I ever met the man.

652
00:38:11,460 --> 00:38:13,430
Fine. What about after?

653
00:38:13,430 --> 00:38:15,230
After the war,

654
00:38:15,230 --> 00:38:19,130
Dr. Oppenheimer was the most
respected scientific voice in the world.

655
00:38:19,130 --> 00:38:21,230
That’s why I asked him
to run the Institute.

656
00:38:21,230 --> 00:38:24,400
That’s why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.

657
00:38:24,400 --> 00:38:25,570
Simple as that.

658
00:38:25,570 --> 00:38:28,110
What are they accusing me of?

659
00:38:28,110 --> 00:38:31,580
I think they just wanna know what
happened between 1947 and 1954

660
00:38:31,580 --> 00:38:34,610
to change your mind on
Oppenheimer’s security clearance.

661
00:38:34,610 --> 00:38:35,680
I didn’t.

662
00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:37,350
I was chair of the AEC,

663
00:38:37,350 --> 00:38:40,650
but it wasn’t me that brought
the charges against Robert.

664
00:38:40,650 --> 00:38:42,290
Who did?

665
00:38:42,290 --> 00:38:44,120
Some former staff member of the
Joint Congressional Committee.

666
00:38:44,120 --> 00:38:47,260
He was a rabid anti-communist
named Borden.

667
00:38:47,260 --> 00:38:49,700
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.

668
00:38:49,700 --> 00:38:52,160
The FBI? Why not go
to the AEC direct?

669
00:38:52,170 --> 00:38:54,830
Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?

670
00:38:54,840 --> 00:38:56,740
What did Borden have
against Oppenheimer?

671
00:38:56,740 --> 00:38:59,210
This was the McCarthy Era.

672
00:38:59,210 --> 00:39:02,510
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red.

673
00:39:02,510 --> 00:39:05,580
And then, reading
Oppenheimer’s security file,

674
00:39:05,580 --> 00:39:08,850
<i>his communist brother,
sister-in-law, fiancée,</i>

675
00:39:08,850 --> 00:39:10,380
<i>best friend, wife.</i>

676
00:39:10,380 --> 00:39:12,590
That’s before we even get
to the Chevalier incident.

677
00:39:12,590 --> 00:39:16,120
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer’s security file?

678
00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:18,330
Because somebody gave it to him.

679
00:39:19,090 --> 00:39:21,760
Somebody
who wanted Robert silenced.

680
00:39:21,760 --> 00:39:23,630
Who?
Who knows?

681
00:39:23,630 --> 00:39:28,330
Robert didn’t take care not to upset
the power brokers in Washington.

682
00:39:28,340 --> 00:39:31,200
His opinions on the atom
became definitive

683
00:39:31,200 --> 00:39:34,070
and he wasn’t always patient
with us mere mortals.

684
00:39:37,680 --> 00:39:39,850
I came in for plenty
of harsh treatment.

685
00:39:39,850 --> 00:39:43,220
There was an AEC vote

686
00:39:43,220 --> 00:39:45,650
on the export of isotopes
to Norway,

687
00:39:45,650 --> 00:39:48,620
<i>and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.</i>

688
00:39:48,620 --> 00:39:49,960
But, Dr. Oppenheimer,

689
00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:51,420
we’ve already heard
from Admiral Strauss

690
00:39:51,430 --> 00:39:54,890
that these isotopes
could be useful to our enemies

691
00:39:54,900 --> 00:39:56,560
in the production
of atomic weapons.

692
00:39:56,560 --> 00:39:59,500
Congressmen, you could use a
shovel in making atomic weapons.

693
00:39:59,500 --> 00:40:01,030
In fact, you do.

694
00:40:01,030 --> 00:40:03,870
You could use a bottle of beer
in making atomic weapons.

695
00:40:03,870 --> 00:40:05,440
In fact, you do.

696
00:40:05,440 --> 00:40:08,640
I say isotopes are less useful
than electronic components,

697
00:40:08,640 --> 00:40:12,180
but more useful than a sandwich.

698
00:40:14,450 --> 00:40:16,280
<i>Genius is no guarantee
of wisdom.</i>

699
00:40:17,150 --> 00:40:20,020
How could this man
who saw so much be so blind?

700
00:40:29,630 --> 00:40:30,860
Kitty?

701
00:40:35,770 --> 00:40:37,000
Kitty?

702
00:40:38,410 --> 00:40:40,870
Kitty, the project--

703
00:40:41,910 --> 00:40:44,710
I’m in. I’m in.

704
00:40:44,710 --> 00:40:46,210
Let’s celebrate.

705
00:40:52,050 --> 00:40:53,820
Shouldn’t you go to him?

706
00:40:58,260 --> 00:41:01,830
I have been going to him
all fucking day.

707
00:41:15,140 --> 00:41:16,440
Okay.

708
00:41:23,750 --> 00:41:25,420
Here.

709
00:41:25,420 --> 00:41:26,550
Come here, darling.

710
00:41:27,220 --> 00:41:29,660
I don’t know how to say this.

711
00:41:29,660 --> 00:41:32,060
I-I’m ashamed to ask.

712
00:41:32,060 --> 00:41:33,330
Anything.

713
00:41:34,060 --> 00:41:36,030
- Take Peter.
- Sure.

714
00:41:36,030 --> 00:41:38,160
No, for a while, Hoke.

715
00:41:38,900 --> 00:41:40,130
A while.

716
00:41:41,870 --> 00:41:44,070
Does Kitty know you’re here?

717
00:41:44,070 --> 00:41:46,110
Yes, of course she knows.

718
00:41:46,110 --> 00:41:48,340
Of course she knows.

719
00:41:48,340 --> 00:41:51,280
We’re awful people.
Selfish, awful people.

720
00:41:53,480 --> 00:41:54,510
Forget I asked.

721
00:41:54,510 --> 00:41:56,320
Selfish, awful people,

722
00:41:56,320 --> 00:41:59,050
they don’t know
they’re selfish and awful.

723
00:41:59,750 --> 00:42:01,290
Sit, sit, sit.

724
00:42:02,420 --> 00:42:06,590
Robert, you see
beyond the world we live in.

725
00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:10,830
There is a price to be paid
for that.

726
00:42:10,830 --> 00:42:12,430
Of course we’ll help you.

727
00:42:23,340 --> 00:42:25,610
Everything’s changing, Robert.

728
00:42:25,610 --> 00:42:27,380
Having a child
was always going to change--

729
00:42:27,380 --> 00:42:31,280
No, the world, it’s pivoting
in some new direction.

730
00:42:32,050 --> 00:42:33,590
It’s reforming.

731
00:42:35,860 --> 00:42:37,590
This is your moment.

732
00:42:38,530 --> 00:42:40,230
We’re putting together a group
to study feasibili--

733
00:42:40,230 --> 00:42:43,300
"We" shouldn’t be doing
anything. You should.

734
00:42:43,960 --> 00:42:46,100
Lawrence won’t get this done.

735
00:42:46,100 --> 00:42:48,600
Or Tolman, or Rabi.
You will.

736
00:42:57,540 --> 00:42:59,480
Who are the uniforms?

737
00:43:00,110 --> 00:43:01,880
I thought you might know.

738
00:43:03,020 --> 00:43:05,050
Dr. Oppenheimer.

739
00:43:06,220 --> 00:43:07,420
I’m Colonel Groves.

740
00:43:07,420 --> 00:43:09,790
This is
Lieutenant Colonel Nichols.

741
00:43:09,790 --> 00:43:11,260
Have that dry cleaned.

742
00:43:16,400 --> 00:43:19,130
Well, if that’s how you
treat Lieutenant Colonel,

743
00:43:19,130 --> 00:43:22,640
I’d hate to see how you treat
a humble physicist.

744
00:43:22,640 --> 00:43:24,740
If I ever meet one,
I’ll let you know.

745
00:43:24,740 --> 00:43:26,140
Ouch.

746
00:43:26,140 --> 00:43:27,940
Theaters of combat
all over the world,

747
00:43:27,940 --> 00:43:30,280
but I have to stay
in Washington.

748
00:43:30,280 --> 00:43:32,310
- Why?
- I built the Pentagon.

749
00:43:32,310 --> 00:43:37,320
The brass likes it so much they made me
take over the Manhattan Engineer District.

750
00:43:37,750 --> 00:43:38,720
Which is?

751
00:43:38,720 --> 00:43:40,750
Don’t be a smart ass.

752
00:43:40,750 --> 00:43:42,420
You know damn well what it is.

753
00:43:42,420 --> 00:43:44,690
You and half of every physics
department across the country.

754
00:43:44,690 --> 00:43:46,460
That’s problem number one.

755
00:43:46,460 --> 00:43:49,530
I thought problem number one
would be securing enough uranium ore.

756
00:43:49,530 --> 00:43:53,230
- 1,200 tons bought the day I took charge.
- Processing?

757
00:43:53,230 --> 00:43:55,670
Just broke ground
at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

758
00:43:56,670 --> 00:43:58,610
Now I’m looking for
a project director.

759
00:43:59,570 --> 00:44:00,740
And my name came up?

760
00:44:00,740 --> 00:44:02,610
Nope.

761
00:44:02,610 --> 00:44:05,180
Even though you brought
quantum physics to America.

762
00:44:05,180 --> 00:44:08,450
- Which made me curious.
- What’ve you found out?

763
00:44:09,380 --> 00:44:11,720
You’re a dilettante,
a womanizer,

764
00:44:11,720 --> 00:44:13,220
a suspected communist--

765
00:44:13,220 --> 00:44:14,720
I’m a New Deal Democrat.

766
00:44:14,720 --> 00:44:16,320
I said "suspected."

767
00:44:16,320 --> 00:44:20,430
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic--

768
00:44:20,430 --> 00:44:23,360
Nothing good, no? Not even,
"He’s brilliant, but--"

769
00:44:23,360 --> 00:44:26,730
Well, brilliance is taken for
granted in your circle, so no.

770
00:44:26,730 --> 00:44:30,540
No, the only person who had anything
good to say was Richard Tolman.

771
00:44:30,540 --> 00:44:32,600
Tolman thinks
you have integrity,

772
00:44:32,610 --> 00:44:37,310
but he also strikes me as a guy who
knows more about science than people.

773
00:44:37,810 --> 00:44:39,450
Yet here you are.

774
00:44:39,450 --> 00:44:41,150
You don’t take much on trust.

775
00:44:41,150 --> 00:44:43,150
I don’t take anything on trust.

776
00:44:46,920 --> 00:44:48,590
Why don’t you have
a Nobel prize?

777
00:44:48,590 --> 00:44:50,960
- Why aren’t you a general?
- They’re making me one for this.

778
00:44:50,960 --> 00:44:52,160
Perhaps I’ll have the same luck.

779
00:44:52,160 --> 00:44:53,990
A Nobel prize for making a bomb?

780
00:44:53,990 --> 00:44:56,160
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.

781
00:44:58,830 --> 00:45:00,230
So how would you proceed?

782
00:45:01,740 --> 00:45:06,740
You’re talking about turning theory
into a practical weapons system

783
00:45:06,740 --> 00:45:08,040
faster than the Nazis.

784
00:45:08,040 --> 00:45:09,510
Who have a 12-month head start.

785
00:45:09,510 --> 00:45:11,640
- Eighteen.
- How could you possibly know that?

786
00:45:11,640 --> 00:45:14,280
Our fast neutron research
took six months.

787
00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:15,880
The man they’ve undoubtedly
put in charge

788
00:45:15,880 --> 00:45:17,520
will have made that leap instantly.

789
00:45:17,520 --> 00:45:19,720
- Who do you think they put in charge?
- Werner Heisenberg.

790
00:45:19,720 --> 00:45:23,020
He has the most intuitive
understanding of atomic structure

791
00:45:23,020 --> 00:45:24,160
I have ever seen.

792
00:45:24,160 --> 00:45:25,760
- You know his work?
- I know him.

793
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:28,360
Just like I know Walther Bothe,
Von Weizsäcker, Diebner.

794
00:45:28,360 --> 00:45:30,230
In a straight race,
the Germans win.

795
00:45:30,230 --> 00:45:31,560
We’ve got one hope.

796
00:45:31,560 --> 00:45:32,800
Which is?

797
00:45:33,800 --> 00:45:35,300
Anti-Semitism.

798
00:45:36,640 --> 00:45:37,470
What?

799
00:45:37,470 --> 00:45:39,340
Hitler called quantum physics

800
00:45:39,340 --> 00:45:40,570
"Jewish science."

801
00:45:40,570 --> 00:45:42,270
Said it right
to Einstein’s face.

802
00:45:42,280 --> 00:45:45,580
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so, so blinded by hate

803
00:45:45,580 --> 00:45:47,380
that he’s denied Heisenberg
proper resources,

804
00:45:47,380 --> 00:45:49,310
because it’ll take
vast resources.

805
00:45:49,320 --> 00:45:51,020
Our nation’s best scientists,
working together.

806
00:45:51,020 --> 00:45:52,220
Right now, they’re scattered.

807
00:45:52,220 --> 00:45:53,920
Which gives us compartmentalization.

808
00:45:53,920 --> 00:45:57,120
All minds have to see the
whole task to contribute efficiently.

809
00:45:57,120 --> 00:45:59,320
Poor security
may cost us the race.

810
00:45:59,330 --> 00:46:01,390
Inefficiency will.

811
00:46:01,390 --> 00:46:03,230
The Germans know
more than us anyway.

812
00:46:03,230 --> 00:46:05,060
The Russians don’t.

813
00:46:06,300 --> 00:46:09,170
Remind me,
who are we at war with?

814
00:46:09,170 --> 00:46:12,640
Somebody with your past
doesn’t wanna be seen downplaying

815
00:46:12,640 --> 00:46:16,410
the importance of security
from our communist allies.

816
00:46:17,110 --> 00:46:19,480
Point taken. But, no.

817
00:46:19,480 --> 00:46:21,080
You don’t get to say "no" to me.

818
00:46:21,080 --> 00:46:23,420
It’s my job to say "no" to you
when you’re wrong.

819
00:46:23,420 --> 00:46:25,450
So you have the job now?

820
00:46:25,450 --> 00:46:27,720
Uh, I’m considering it.

821
00:46:30,320 --> 00:46:33,160
I’m starting to see
where you got your reputation.

822
00:46:34,090 --> 00:46:36,300
My favorite response?

823
00:46:36,300 --> 00:46:38,830
"Oppenheimer couldn’t run
a hamburger stand."

824
00:46:39,330 --> 00:46:41,730
I couldn’t.

825
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:45,770
But I can run
the Manhattan Project.

826
00:46:46,570 --> 00:46:48,870
There’s a way to balance
these things.

827
00:46:48,880 --> 00:46:53,150
Keep the Rad Lab here at
Berkeley under Lawrence.

828
00:46:53,150 --> 00:46:55,280
Met Lab in Chicago
under Szilard.

829
00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:57,850
Large scale refining,
where did you say? Tennessee.

830
00:46:57,850 --> 00:46:59,450
And Hanford.
And Hanford.

831
00:46:59,450 --> 00:47:02,990
All America’s industrial might
and scientific innovation,

832
00:47:02,990 --> 00:47:05,120
connected by rail.

833
00:47:05,120 --> 00:47:06,660
Focused on one goal.

834
00:47:06,660 --> 00:47:09,430
One point in space and time.
And it comes together here.

835
00:47:09,430 --> 00:47:11,000
<i>A secret laboratory.</i>

836
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:13,230
<i>In the middle of nowhere,
secure, self-sufficient,</i>

837
00:47:13,230 --> 00:47:14,770
equipment, housing, the works.

838
00:47:14,770 --> 00:47:17,040
Keep everyone there
until it’s done.

839
00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:19,640
- I’ll need the schools, stores, a church.
- Why?

840
00:47:19,640 --> 00:47:23,210
If we don’t let scientists bring their
families, we’ll never get the best.

841
00:47:23,210 --> 00:47:26,080
You want security,
build a town, build it fast.

842
00:47:26,080 --> 00:47:27,650
Where?

843
00:47:31,250 --> 00:47:32,950
Welcome to Los Alamos.

844
00:47:32,950 --> 00:47:35,490
Now, there’s a boys’ school
we’ll have to commandeer

845
00:47:35,490 --> 00:47:37,490
and the local Indians
come up here for burial rites.

846
00:47:37,490 --> 00:47:39,220
But, apart from that, nothing.

847
00:47:39,230 --> 00:47:40,630
Forty miles. Any direction.

848
00:47:40,630 --> 00:47:42,790
Enough to find the perfect spot.

849
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:45,160
- What for?
- Success.

850
00:47:50,470 --> 00:47:52,510
Build him a town. Fast.

851
00:47:54,370 --> 00:47:56,240
Let’s go recruit
some scientists.

852
00:47:56,240 --> 00:47:58,140
Why would I leave my family?

853
00:47:58,140 --> 00:48:00,010
I told you,
you can bring your family.

854
00:48:00,010 --> 00:48:01,380
I’m not a soldier, Oppie.

855
00:48:01,380 --> 00:48:03,550
A soldier?
He’s a general.

856
00:48:03,550 --> 00:48:05,350
I’ve got all the soldier I need.

857
00:48:05,350 --> 00:48:07,390
What can I tell them?

858
00:48:07,390 --> 00:48:09,390
Heisenberg, Diebner,
Bothe, Bohr.

859
00:48:09,390 --> 00:48:10,760
What do these men
have in common?

860
00:48:10,760 --> 00:48:12,790
The greatest minds
on atomic theory.

861
00:48:12,790 --> 00:48:14,260
Yes, and?
Uh...

862
00:48:14,260 --> 00:48:16,330
As much as you like,

863
00:48:17,430 --> 00:48:19,800
until you feel my boot
on your balls.

864
00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:21,430
You know isotopes

865
00:48:21,430 --> 00:48:23,770
and you know explosives,
better than anyone in the world.

866
00:48:23,770 --> 00:48:25,710
But you can’t tell us
what you’re doing.

867
00:48:29,380 --> 00:48:31,680
I don’t know.
The Nazis have them.

868
00:48:31,680 --> 00:48:33,850
Niels Bohr’s in Copenhagen.
Under Nazi occupation.

869
00:48:33,850 --> 00:48:35,780
Did they stop printing
newspapers in Princeton?

870
00:48:35,780 --> 00:48:39,650
Why would we go to the middle of
nowhere for who knows how long?

871
00:48:39,650 --> 00:48:41,720
A year or two.
Or three.

872
00:48:42,790 --> 00:48:45,990
General, could you
give us a moment?

873
00:48:47,360 --> 00:48:50,300
It’s about unleashing
the strong force

874
00:48:51,500 --> 00:48:53,300
before the Nazis do.

875
00:48:53,930 --> 00:48:55,100
Oh, my God.

876
00:48:55,100 --> 00:48:57,370
Niels won’t work for
the Nazis. No, never.

877
00:48:57,370 --> 00:48:59,640
But while they have him,
we don’t.

878
00:48:59,640 --> 00:49:00,840
That’s why I need you.

879
00:49:00,840 --> 00:49:03,040
Why would you think I’d do that?

880
00:49:03,040 --> 00:49:04,840
Why? Why?

881
00:49:04,840 --> 00:49:07,010
How about because this is
the most important fucking thing

882
00:49:07,010 --> 00:49:09,310
to ever happen in the
history of the world.

883
00:49:09,320 --> 00:49:11,950
How about that?
Fuck.

884
00:49:16,960 --> 00:49:19,860
They are not gonna let me
onto this project.

885
00:49:19,860 --> 00:49:22,560
And failing a security check is
not gonna be good for a career,

886
00:49:22,560 --> 00:49:23,730
even after the war.

887
00:49:23,730 --> 00:49:25,560
So you’re a fellow traveler.

888
00:49:25,570 --> 00:49:28,000
So what?
This is a national emergency.

889
00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:31,300
I’ve got some skeletons,
they put me in charge.

890
00:49:31,300 --> 00:49:32,370
They need us.

891
00:49:32,370 --> 00:49:34,570
Until they don’t.

892
00:49:37,880 --> 00:49:40,250
Is there any chance
of getting Bohr out of Denmark?

893
00:49:40,250 --> 00:49:41,410
Nah, no dice.

894
00:49:41,410 --> 00:49:43,620
I checked with the British.

895
00:49:43,620 --> 00:49:45,650
Until we get Allied boots
back onto the continent,

896
00:49:45,650 --> 00:49:46,920
there’s just no way.

897
00:49:48,420 --> 00:49:50,020
Is he that important?

898
00:49:50,020 --> 00:49:53,030
How many people do you know
who’ve proved Einstein wrong?

899
00:49:54,060 --> 00:49:56,400
You know, it really would
be quicker to take a plane.

900
00:49:56,400 --> 00:49:57,960
No, plane’s too risky.

901
00:49:57,960 --> 00:50:00,100
Country needs us.

902
00:50:02,540 --> 00:50:06,540
The Harvard guys, they say the
building’s too small for the cyclotron.

903
00:50:08,740 --> 00:50:10,740
Get them together
with the architects.

904
00:50:13,850 --> 00:50:15,980
When’s this place
supposed to open?

905
00:50:18,850 --> 00:50:19,920
Two months.

906
00:50:20,920 --> 00:50:24,590
Robert, you’re the great
improviser, but this...

907
00:50:25,430 --> 00:50:26,890
you can’t do in your head.

908
00:50:28,290 --> 00:50:29,600
Four divisions.

909
00:50:30,530 --> 00:50:34,230
Experimental, Theoretical,
Metallurgical, Ordnance.

910
00:50:34,230 --> 00:50:35,370
Who’s running Theoretical?

911
00:50:35,370 --> 00:50:37,000
I am.

912
00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:39,740
That’s what I was afraid of.
You’re spread too thin.

913
00:50:41,010 --> 00:50:42,610
So you take Theoretical.

914
00:50:45,310 --> 00:50:48,010
I’m not coming here, Robert.

915
00:50:54,120 --> 00:50:55,760
Why not?

916
00:51:01,790 --> 00:51:05,700
You drop a bomb, and it
falls on the just and the unjust.

917
00:51:06,830 --> 00:51:09,530
I don’t wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics

918
00:51:09,540 --> 00:51:11,740
to be a weapon
of mass destruction.

919
00:51:21,380 --> 00:51:23,180
Izzy.

920
00:51:23,180 --> 00:51:27,850
I don’t know if we can be
trusted with such a weapon.

921
00:51:29,290 --> 00:51:32,490
But I know the Nazis can’t.

922
00:51:36,400 --> 00:51:37,760
We have no choice.

923
00:51:40,430 --> 00:51:41,670
Then...

924
00:51:43,070 --> 00:51:45,900
the second thing you’ll have
to do is appoint Hans Bethe

925
00:51:45,910 --> 00:51:47,870
to run the theoretical division.

926
00:51:49,880 --> 00:51:51,840
Wait, what was the first?

927
00:51:51,840 --> 00:51:55,510
Take off that ridiculous
uniform. You’re a scientist.

928
00:51:55,520 --> 00:51:57,580
Groves is insisting we join.

929
00:51:57,580 --> 00:51:59,650
Tell Groves
to go shit in his hat.

930
00:51:59,650 --> 00:52:01,750
They need us for who we are.

931
00:52:01,750 --> 00:52:05,420
So be yourself.
Only better.

932
00:52:44,660 --> 00:52:46,200
This is the only key.

933
00:52:46,200 --> 00:52:49,530
And Teller’s already here.
Shall I just show him in?

934
00:52:49,540 --> 00:52:52,840
No, let’s wait for the others.

935
00:52:59,310 --> 00:53:00,550
Let’s get started.

936
00:53:01,150 --> 00:53:02,450
Hello, Edward.

937
00:53:02,450 --> 00:53:03,580
Yes.

938
00:53:03,580 --> 00:53:05,880
Gentlemen, so, we will work here

939
00:53:05,890 --> 00:53:08,790
until the T-section
at Los Alamos is finished.

940
00:53:08,790 --> 00:53:09,850
Edward, can I please--

941
00:53:09,860 --> 00:53:11,490
It is more important.

942
00:53:13,160 --> 00:53:15,130
When I calculated
the chain reaction,

943
00:53:15,130 --> 00:53:17,960
I found a rather
troubling possibility.

944
00:53:18,500 --> 00:53:21,700
No. This can’t be right.

945
00:53:21,700 --> 00:53:23,440
Show me how you did
your calculations.

946
00:53:23,440 --> 00:53:24,700
Yes.

947
00:53:28,170 --> 00:53:31,780
It’s exponential.
No. No, no, no. No.

948
00:53:35,080 --> 00:53:36,350
This is fantasy.

949
00:53:36,350 --> 00:53:38,650
Teller’s calculations
can’t be right.

950
00:53:38,650 --> 00:53:41,520
Do them yourself
while I go to Princeton.

951
00:53:41,520 --> 00:53:43,390
What for?
To talk to Einstein.

952
00:53:43,390 --> 00:53:45,890
There’s not much common
ground between you two.

953
00:53:45,890 --> 00:53:47,860
That’s why I should
get his view.

954
00:53:52,500 --> 00:53:54,500
- Albert.
- Mmm?

955
00:53:54,500 --> 00:53:57,240
Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer.

956
00:53:57,240 --> 00:54:00,570
Well, have you met Dr. Gödel?
We walk here most days.

957
00:54:00,570 --> 00:54:04,980
Trees are the most
inspiring structures.

958
00:54:04,980 --> 00:54:06,950
Albert, might I have a word?

959
00:54:07,610 --> 00:54:09,780
Of course. Excuse me, Kurt.

960
00:54:11,220 --> 00:54:14,320
You know, some days,
Kurt refuses to eat.

961
00:54:14,320 --> 00:54:15,890
Even in Princeton.

962
00:54:15,890 --> 00:54:19,030
He’s convinced that the
Nazis can poison his food.

963
00:54:20,290 --> 00:54:21,660
Hmm?

964
00:54:24,660 --> 00:54:25,930
Wha--

965
00:54:30,400 --> 00:54:33,200
Whose-- Whose work is this?

966
00:54:33,210 --> 00:54:34,610
Teller’s.

967
00:54:35,440 --> 00:54:37,240
What do you take it to mean?

968
00:54:37,840 --> 00:54:39,640
Neutrons smash into nucleus,

969
00:54:39,650 --> 00:54:43,180
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.

970
00:54:43,880 --> 00:54:45,850
Criticality,
a point of no return,

971
00:54:45,850 --> 00:54:47,490
massive explosive force.

972
00:54:47,490 --> 00:54:50,090
But this time, the chain
reaction doesn’t stop.

973
00:54:51,020 --> 00:54:53,990
It would ignite the atmosphere.

974
00:54:55,060 --> 00:54:56,930
When we detonate
an atomic device,

975
00:54:56,930 --> 00:54:59,270
we might start
a chain reaction that...

976
00:55:00,570 --> 00:55:02,070
destroys the world.

977
00:55:02,870 --> 00:55:04,640
So here we are, hmm?

978
00:55:04,640 --> 00:55:08,970
Lost in your quantum world
of probabilities

979
00:55:08,970 --> 00:55:10,880
and needing certainty.

980
00:55:10,880 --> 00:55:13,510
Can you run
the calculations yourself?

981
00:55:13,510 --> 00:55:18,480
About the only thing you and I have in
common is a disdain for mathematics.

982
00:55:18,480 --> 00:55:21,890
Who’s working on this
in Berkeley? Hans Bethe.

983
00:55:21,890 --> 00:55:24,360
Well, he’ll get to the truth.

984
00:55:25,990 --> 00:55:28,290
And if the truth
is catastrophic?

985
00:55:28,860 --> 00:55:30,160
Then you stop.

986
00:55:30,160 --> 00:55:33,200
And you share your findings
with the Nazis.

987
00:55:33,930 --> 00:55:37,070
So neither side
destroys the world.

988
00:55:40,340 --> 00:55:41,370
Robert.

989
00:55:42,740 --> 00:55:45,980
This is yours, not mine.

990
00:55:58,860 --> 00:56:00,190
Teller’s wrong.

991
00:56:00,190 --> 00:56:02,330
He’s wrong.
Shh, shh, shh...

992
00:56:11,240 --> 00:56:13,840
When you know Teller’s
critical assumptions,

993
00:56:13,840 --> 00:56:15,340
the real picture emerges.

994
00:56:15,340 --> 00:56:17,080
Bottom line?

995
00:56:17,080 --> 00:56:20,350
The chances of an uncontrolled
nuclear reaction are near zero.

996
00:56:20,350 --> 00:56:21,850
Near zero.

997
00:56:22,980 --> 00:56:24,550
Oppie, this is good news.

998
00:56:24,550 --> 00:56:26,520
Mmm.

999
00:56:26,520 --> 00:56:29,490
Can you run them again?
No, you’ll get the same answer.

1000
00:56:29,490 --> 00:56:31,220
Till they actually detonate
one of these things,

1001
00:56:31,220 --> 00:56:33,860
the best assurance
you’re going to get is this.

1002
00:56:33,860 --> 00:56:35,290
Near zero.

1003
00:56:37,360 --> 00:56:41,000
Theory will
take you only so far. Mmm.

1004
00:56:41,000 --> 00:56:44,140
- Hello!
- Hello, you. We missed him.

1005
00:56:44,140 --> 00:56:46,600
You want to adopt?
She’s kidding.

1006
00:56:46,610 --> 00:56:48,370
We wanted to see you
before we left.

1007
00:56:48,940 --> 00:56:51,340
For parts unknown.

1008
00:56:52,550 --> 00:56:56,380
You know who I ran into
the other day? Eltenton.

1009
00:56:56,380 --> 00:56:57,650
Huh.

1010
00:56:57,650 --> 00:56:59,980
The chemist from Shell?
The union guy?

1011
00:56:59,990 --> 00:57:03,290
Yeah. The FAECT guy.

1012
00:57:03,290 --> 00:57:06,960
He was moaning about
how we’re handling the war.

1013
00:57:07,460 --> 00:57:08,830
How so?

1014
00:57:08,830 --> 00:57:11,600
Lack of cooperation
with our allies.

1015
00:57:11,600 --> 00:57:15,770
Apparently our government’s not
sharing any research with the Russians.

1016
00:57:15,770 --> 00:57:20,070
Well, he said, "Most scientists
think the policy is stupid."

1017
00:57:23,480 --> 00:57:25,180
Oh, yeah?
Yeah.

1018
00:57:25,180 --> 00:57:30,220
He mentioned that if anyone had
anything they wanted to pass on,

1019
00:57:30,350 --> 00:57:34,390
going around official
channels, that he could help.

1020
00:57:42,930 --> 00:57:44,930
That would be treason.

1021
00:57:45,460 --> 00:57:46,930
Yes, of course.

1022
00:57:47,600 --> 00:57:49,340
I just thought you should know.

1023
00:57:51,800 --> 00:57:55,340
The brat is down.
Where are the martinis?

1024
00:58:00,610 --> 00:58:02,050
Coming right up.

1025
00:58:02,050 --> 00:58:03,820
<i>The conversation ended there.</i>

1026
00:58:03,820 --> 00:58:06,950
Nothing in our long-standing
friendship would have led me to believe

1027
00:58:06,950 --> 00:58:09,790
that Chevalier was
actually seeking information,

1028
00:58:09,790 --> 00:58:14,830
and I am certain that he had no idea
of the work in which I was engaged.

1029
00:58:19,270 --> 00:58:21,000
It has long been clear to me

1030
00:58:21,000 --> 00:58:23,940
that I should have reported
this incident at once.

1031
00:58:23,940 --> 00:58:26,970
<i>The Oppenheimer situation
highlights the tension</i>

1032
00:58:26,970 --> 00:58:30,240
between scientists
and the security apparatus.

1033
00:58:30,240 --> 00:58:32,810
In hopes of learning how the
nominee handled such issues

1034
00:58:32,810 --> 00:58:34,680
during his time at the AEC,

1035
00:58:34,680 --> 00:58:37,750
we’ll have a scientist
appearing before the committee.

1036
00:58:38,680 --> 00:58:41,490
Who are they bringing in?
They haven’t said.

1037
00:58:41,490 --> 00:58:42,590
Mr. Chairman, if I may,

1038
00:58:42,590 --> 00:58:45,260
I’m nominated
for commerce secretary.

1039
00:58:45,260 --> 00:58:47,690
Why seek the opinion
of scientists?

1040
00:58:47,690 --> 00:58:49,930
This is a cabinet post, Admiral.

1041
00:58:49,930 --> 00:58:52,560
We seek a wide range of opinion.

1042
00:58:52,570 --> 00:58:55,030
Well, I’d like to know the name
of the scientist testifying,

1043
00:58:55,030 --> 00:58:56,640
I’d like the chance
to cross-examine.

1044
00:58:57,100 --> 00:58:59,040
This is not a court.

1045
00:58:59,670 --> 00:59:01,470
Formality, huh?

1046
00:59:01,470 --> 00:59:04,980
No presidential Cabinet nominee
has failed to be confirmed since 1925.

1047
00:59:04,980 --> 00:59:07,180
This is just how
the game is played.

1048
00:59:07,180 --> 00:59:09,550
It’s in the bag, Lewis.
So play nice.

1049
00:59:09,550 --> 00:59:11,780
<i>They bring in a scientist,
so what?</i>

1050
00:59:11,780 --> 00:59:13,950
You don’t know scientists
like I do, Counselor.

1051
00:59:13,950 --> 00:59:16,150
They resent anyone
who questions their judgment,

1052
00:59:16,160 --> 00:59:18,190
<i>especially if you’re not
one of them.</i>

1053
00:59:18,190 --> 00:59:19,620
I was chair of the AEC.

1054
00:59:19,630 --> 00:59:21,760
I’m easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.

1055
00:59:21,760 --> 00:59:24,230
We can’t have the Senate
thinking the scientific community

1056
00:59:24,230 --> 00:59:26,070
doesn’t support you, sir.

1057
00:59:26,930 --> 00:59:28,930
- Or should we pivot?
- To what?

1058
00:59:28,930 --> 00:59:30,370
And embrace it.

1059
00:59:30,370 --> 00:59:33,140
"I fought Oppenheimer
and the US won."

1060
00:59:33,140 --> 00:59:34,870
I-I don’t think
we need to go there.

1061
00:59:34,870 --> 00:59:37,010
Isn’t there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?

1062
00:59:37,010 --> 00:59:38,810
- Teller.
- He’ll make an impression.

1063
00:59:38,810 --> 00:59:41,450
- Can you get the name of the scientist they’ve called?
- Probably.

1064
00:59:41,450 --> 00:59:44,550
Find out if he was based in
Chicago or Los Alamos during the war.

1065
00:59:44,550 --> 00:59:47,090
- Why does that matter?
- If he was based in Chicago,

1066
00:59:47,090 --> 00:59:48,820
he worked under Szilard
and Fermi,

1067
00:59:48,820 --> 00:59:50,920
not the cult of Oppie
at Los Alamos.

1068
00:59:50,920 --> 00:59:52,390
Robert built that damn place.

1069
00:59:52,390 --> 00:59:56,630
He was founder, mayor, sheriff,
all rolled into one.

1070
01:00:08,940 --> 01:00:10,910
All it needs is a saloon.

1071
01:00:38,300 --> 01:00:39,970
Let’s go and see.

1072
01:00:40,710 --> 01:00:42,440
There’s no kitchen.

1073
01:00:43,040 --> 01:00:45,610
Really? We’ll fix that.

1074
01:00:52,250 --> 01:00:56,750
Barbed wire? Guns? Oppie.

1075
01:00:56,760 --> 01:00:58,490
We’re at war, Hans.

1076
01:01:00,860 --> 01:01:03,430
Halifax, 1917.

1077
01:01:03,430 --> 01:01:06,370
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.

1078
01:01:08,670 --> 01:01:11,740
A vast and sudden
chemical reaction.

1079
01:01:15,340 --> 01:01:17,940
The biggest man-made
explosion in history.

1080
01:01:17,940 --> 01:01:21,480
Now let’s calculate how much
more destructive it would have been

1081
01:01:21,480 --> 01:01:25,220
if it were a nuclear,
and not a chemical, reaction.

1082
01:01:25,220 --> 01:01:28,250
Expressing power
in terms of tons of TNT.

1083
01:01:28,250 --> 01:01:29,850
But it will be thousands.

1084
01:01:29,860 --> 01:01:33,190
Well, then... kilotons.

1085
01:01:36,660 --> 01:01:41,500
Using U-235, the
bomb will need-- Ah...

1086
01:01:42,200 --> 01:01:43,670
Right, sorry.

1087
01:01:43,670 --> 01:01:47,340
Gadget will need a 33-pound
sphere about this size.

1088
01:01:47,340 --> 01:01:51,110
Or using plutonium,
the ten-pound sphere.

1089
01:01:52,340 --> 01:01:56,780
Here’s the amount of uranium
Oak Ridge refined all of last month.

1090
01:02:00,590 --> 01:02:03,560
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.

1091
01:02:05,590 --> 01:02:09,600
Now, if we can enrich these amounts,
we need a way to detonate them.

1092
01:02:10,800 --> 01:02:12,360
Are we boring you, Edward?

1093
01:02:13,000 --> 01:02:14,530
A little bit, yes.

1094
01:02:14,530 --> 01:02:16,000
May I ask why?

1095
01:02:16,000 --> 01:02:18,970
We all entered this room knowing
a fission bomb was possible.

1096
01:02:18,970 --> 01:02:22,740
- How about we leave it with something new?
- Such as?

1097
01:02:22,740 --> 01:02:26,780
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
we use hydrogen.

1098
01:02:27,950 --> 01:02:29,580
Heavy hydrogen.

1099
01:02:30,020 --> 01:02:31,580
Deuterium.

1100
01:02:31,580 --> 01:02:32,820
You see?

1101
01:02:32,820 --> 01:02:35,350
We compact the atoms together
under great pressure

1102
01:02:35,350 --> 01:02:37,560
to induce a fusion reaction.

1103
01:02:38,420 --> 01:02:41,130
Then we’ll get not kilotons,

1104
01:02:41,130 --> 01:02:42,460
but megatons.

1105
01:02:43,300 --> 01:02:45,000
Okay, hang on, hang on.

1106
01:02:45,000 --> 01:02:49,370
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?

1107
01:02:50,240 --> 01:02:51,800
A small fission bomb.

1108
01:02:52,400 --> 01:02:53,740
Ah...
There we are!

1109
01:02:55,440 --> 01:02:57,180
Well, since we’re going
to need one anyway,

1110
01:02:57,180 --> 01:02:59,210
can we get back
to the business at hand?

1111
01:02:59,210 --> 01:03:04,150
The isotopes issue wasn’t your
most important policy disagreement

1112
01:03:04,150 --> 01:03:05,480
with Dr. Oppenheimer,

1113
01:03:05,480 --> 01:03:07,990
it was the hydrogen bomb,
wasn’t it?

1114
01:03:07,990 --> 01:03:13,030
As colleagues, we agreed to
disagree on a great many things, uh,

1115
01:03:13,190 --> 01:03:17,430
and, well, one of them was the
need for an H-bomb program, yes.

1116
01:03:30,580 --> 01:03:33,280
Thanks for convening
on short notice.

1117
01:03:33,280 --> 01:03:34,880
I can’t believe it.

1118
01:03:36,050 --> 01:03:37,320
Here we are.

1119
01:03:37,320 --> 01:03:39,150
Catch me up.
What do we know?

1120
01:03:39,150 --> 01:03:43,490
One of our B-29s over the North
Pacific has detected radiation.

1121
01:03:43,490 --> 01:03:45,390
Do we have the filter paper?

1122
01:03:45,390 --> 01:03:48,190
- There’s no doubt what this is.
- White House says there’s a doubt.

1123
01:03:48,190 --> 01:03:49,660
Wishful thinking, I’m afraid.

1124
01:03:49,660 --> 01:03:52,700
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?

1125
01:03:53,470 --> 01:03:55,130
It’s an atomic test.

1126
01:03:58,440 --> 01:04:00,000
The Russians have a bomb.

1127
01:04:00,010 --> 01:04:03,370
We’re supposed to be years
ahead of them, but some--

1128
01:04:03,380 --> 01:04:06,980
What were you guys doing at
Los Alamos? Wasn’t security tight?

1129
01:04:06,980 --> 01:04:10,180
- Of course it was. You weren’t there.
- Forgive me, Doctor...

1130
01:04:11,980 --> 01:04:13,420
but I was there.

1131
01:04:14,590 --> 01:04:17,890
We can now consider the
actual mechanics of detonation.

1132
01:04:17,890 --> 01:04:19,190
Any ideas?

1133
01:04:19,190 --> 01:04:20,830
I call this "shooting."

1134
01:04:20,830 --> 01:04:24,300
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere

1135
01:04:24,300 --> 01:04:27,000
with enough force
to achieve criticality.

1136
01:04:27,000 --> 01:04:28,630
What do we think? Anyone?

1137
01:04:28,630 --> 01:04:30,400
I’ve been thinking
about implosion.

1138
01:04:30,400 --> 01:04:33,710
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards, crushing the material.

1139
01:04:34,540 --> 01:04:36,440
I’d like to investigate
that idea.

1140
01:04:36,440 --> 01:04:38,840
I’ll talk to Ordnance,
get you blowing things up.

1141
01:04:39,810 --> 01:04:42,180
- Progress?
- Nice to see you too.

1142
01:04:42,920 --> 01:04:44,620
Meet the British contingent.

1143
01:04:44,620 --> 01:04:46,420
Dr. Oppenheimer,
Klaus Fuchs.

1144
01:04:46,420 --> 01:04:48,320
How long have you been British?

1145
01:04:48,320 --> 01:04:50,520
Since Hitler told me
I wasn’t German. Aha.

1146
01:04:50,520 --> 01:04:53,390
Come, welcome to Los Alamos.

1147
01:04:53,390 --> 01:04:55,260
School’s up and running.

1148
01:04:55,260 --> 01:04:57,500
Bar... always running.

1149
01:04:58,360 --> 01:05:00,700
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.

1150
01:05:01,830 --> 01:05:03,870
- Is that--
- Mrs. Serber, yes.

1151
01:05:03,870 --> 01:05:07,340
I’ve offered jobs to all the wives.
Admin, librarians, computation.

1152
01:05:07,340 --> 01:05:09,510
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.

1153
01:05:09,510 --> 01:05:11,510
- Are these women qualified?
- Don’t be absurd.

1154
01:05:11,510 --> 01:05:13,840
These are some of the
brightest minds in our community.

1155
01:05:13,850 --> 01:05:15,680
And they’re already
security cleared.

1156
01:05:15,680 --> 01:05:17,250
I’ve informed General Groves
you’ve been holding

1157
01:05:17,250 --> 01:05:19,380
cross-divisional, open
discussions on a nightly basis.

1158
01:05:19,380 --> 01:05:20,950
Shut them down.

1159
01:05:20,950 --> 01:05:23,190
Compartmentalization is the key
to maintaining security--

1160
01:05:23,190 --> 01:05:24,520
It’s only the top men.

1161
01:05:24,520 --> 01:05:26,420
Who presumably communicate
with subordinates.

1162
01:05:26,430 --> 01:05:28,530
These men aren’t stupid.
They can be discreet.

1163
01:05:28,530 --> 01:05:32,430
- I don’t like it.
- You don’t like anything enough for that to be a fair test.

1164
01:05:38,140 --> 01:05:40,570
Once a week. Top men only.

1165
01:05:40,570 --> 01:05:43,380
- I’d like to bring my brother here.
- No.

1166
01:05:44,880 --> 01:05:47,040
Nichols.

1167
01:05:47,050 --> 01:05:49,850
I still haven’t heard that my security
clearance has been approved.

1168
01:05:49,850 --> 01:05:52,050
- It hasn’t.
- We’re going to Chicago tomorrow.

1169
01:05:52,050 --> 01:05:53,650
Well, you should wait.

1170
01:05:53,650 --> 01:05:56,150
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start?

1171
01:05:56,150 --> 01:05:58,090
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance

1172
01:05:58,090 --> 01:06:00,390
is proving difficult to obtain
is not my fault.

1173
01:06:00,390 --> 01:06:02,260
It’s yours.

1174
01:06:02,260 --> 01:06:04,960
May not be your fault, but it’s
your problem. Because I’m going.

1175
01:06:04,960 --> 01:06:07,530
And how many people
were in these, uh,

1176
01:06:08,170 --> 01:06:09,830
open discussions?

1177
01:06:09,840 --> 01:06:12,340
Too many. Compartmentalization
was supposed to be the protocol.

1178
01:06:12,340 --> 01:06:14,070
We were in a race
against the Nazis.

1179
01:06:14,070 --> 01:06:17,480
- And now the race is against the Soviets.
- Not unless we start it.

1180
01:06:17,480 --> 01:06:21,580
Robert, they just fired
a starting gun.

1181
01:06:21,580 --> 01:06:23,810
What’s the nature of the device
they detonated?

1182
01:06:23,820 --> 01:06:27,490
The data indicates it may have
been a plutonium implosion device.

1183
01:06:27,490 --> 01:06:30,450
Like the one you built
at Los Alamos.

1184
01:06:30,460 --> 01:06:33,660
The Russians have a bomb,
Truman needs to know what’s next.

1185
01:06:33,660 --> 01:06:35,630
What’s next? Arms talks.

1186
01:06:35,630 --> 01:06:37,460
- Arms talks.
- Obviously.

1187
01:06:38,400 --> 01:06:39,930
What about the Super?

1188
01:06:39,930 --> 01:06:43,400
Does Truman even know about it?
Did we brief him on that?

1189
01:06:43,400 --> 01:06:44,840
Not specifically.

1190
01:06:44,840 --> 01:06:46,500
We still don’t know
if a hydrogen bomb’s

1191
01:06:46,510 --> 01:06:47,840
technically feasible.

1192
01:06:47,840 --> 01:06:49,710
My understanding is
that Teller proposed it?

1193
01:06:49,710 --> 01:06:51,280
Yes.
At Los Alamos?

1194
01:06:51,280 --> 01:06:53,480
Teller’s designs have always
been wildly impractical.

1195
01:06:53,480 --> 01:06:55,550
You’d have to deliver
by ox cart.

1196
01:06:55,550 --> 01:06:57,550
- Not airplane.
- Oppie.

1197
01:06:57,550 --> 01:07:00,020
I’m sorry, Dr. Lawrence.
Do you want to comment?

1198
01:07:01,820 --> 01:07:02,920
No.

1199
01:07:04,420 --> 01:07:06,920
Because if it can
put us ahead again,

1200
01:07:06,930 --> 01:07:11,960
the President of the United
States needs to know about it.

1201
01:07:14,000 --> 01:07:18,540
And if the Russians know about it
already from a spy at Los Alamos,

1202
01:07:18,540 --> 01:07:19,970
then we’ve gotta get going.

1203
01:07:19,970 --> 01:07:22,910
There’s no proof
there was a spy at Los Alamos.

1204
01:07:22,910 --> 01:07:23,980
Robert.

1205
01:07:28,450 --> 01:07:30,550
They put it
under the football stadium?

1206
01:07:30,550 --> 01:07:32,520
The field’s not in use anymore.

1207
01:07:32,520 --> 01:07:33,990
Just as well.

1208
01:07:36,590 --> 01:07:38,520
- Oppie.
- Dr. Fermi.

1209
01:07:38,520 --> 01:07:41,160
<i>Come stai? Va bene?</i>

1210
01:07:41,160 --> 01:07:43,930
I hear you got a little
town. Yes. Come and see.

1211
01:07:45,260 --> 01:07:48,930
Who could think straight
in a place like that? Huh?

1212
01:07:49,670 --> 01:07:51,640
Everybody will go crazy.

1213
01:07:51,640 --> 01:07:54,940
Thank you for
the vote of confidence, Szilard.

1214
01:07:56,010 --> 01:07:59,410
Do we really-- Do we
really need that in the notes?

1215
01:07:59,410 --> 01:08:01,480
When are you going to
try it out?

1216
01:08:01,480 --> 01:08:03,110
We did.

1217
01:08:03,120 --> 01:08:06,750
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.

1218
01:08:07,350 --> 01:08:08,690
Didn’t Groves tell you?

1219
01:08:08,690 --> 01:08:10,690
No.

1220
01:08:15,090 --> 01:08:18,230
One at a time, please.
One at a time.

1221
01:08:18,230 --> 01:08:20,030
Dr. Oppenheimer?

1222
01:08:20,030 --> 01:08:23,300
I tried Personnel.
They asked if I could type.

1223
01:08:23,300 --> 01:08:24,500
Can you?

1224
01:08:24,500 --> 01:08:25,670
Harvard forgot to teach that

1225
01:08:25,670 --> 01:08:27,470
on the graduate
chemistry course.

1226
01:08:29,040 --> 01:08:31,910
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here
on the plutonium team.

1227
01:08:37,580 --> 01:08:39,450
What the hell
were you doing in Chicago?

1228
01:08:39,450 --> 01:08:40,890
Visiting the Met?

1229
01:08:40,890 --> 01:08:43,890
Why? Because we
have every right--

1230
01:08:43,890 --> 01:08:48,160
You have just the rights that
I give you. No more, no less.

1231
01:08:48,160 --> 01:08:50,290
We are adults trying
to run a project here.

1232
01:08:50,300 --> 01:08:52,000
This is ridiculous.

1233
01:08:52,000 --> 01:08:53,060
Tell him.

1234
01:08:54,300 --> 01:08:57,540
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.

1235
01:08:58,140 --> 01:08:59,740
Enough of this madhouse.

1236
01:08:59,740 --> 01:09:01,740
Nobody can work
under these conditions.

1237
01:09:01,740 --> 01:09:04,910
You know what, Generalissimo?

1238
01:09:04,910 --> 01:09:06,280
I quit.

1239
01:09:06,280 --> 01:09:07,710
Thanks for nothing.

1240
01:09:09,680 --> 01:09:11,350
Better off without him.

1241
01:09:12,450 --> 01:09:13,520
Aren’t you more concerned

1242
01:09:13,520 --> 01:09:15,850
about his discretion out there?

1243
01:09:16,660 --> 01:09:18,220
We’ll have him killed.

1244
01:09:19,890 --> 01:09:21,860
I was just kidding.

1245
01:09:21,860 --> 01:09:24,200
No, he hates me, not America.

1246
01:09:24,200 --> 01:09:27,400
You know, General, not everyone
has levers to pull like mine.

1247
01:09:27,400 --> 01:09:29,170
I don’t think I understand.

1248
01:09:29,170 --> 01:09:31,470
You didn’t hire me
despite my left-wing past,

1249
01:09:31,470 --> 01:09:33,200
you hired me because of it.

1250
01:09:34,140 --> 01:09:35,940
So you could control me.

1251
01:09:35,940 --> 01:09:38,680
Well, I’m not that subtle.

1252
01:09:38,680 --> 01:09:40,140
I’m just a humble soldier.

1253
01:09:40,150 --> 01:09:42,210
You’re neither humble,
nor just a soldier.

1254
01:09:42,210 --> 01:09:45,080
- You studied engineering at MIT.
- Guilty as charged.

1255
01:09:45,080 --> 01:09:46,620
Well, now we understand
each other,

1256
01:09:46,620 --> 01:09:48,150
perhaps you can get me
my security clearance

1257
01:09:48,150 --> 01:09:51,060
so I can perform
this miracle for you.

1258
01:09:56,190 --> 01:09:58,700
<i>General Groves, were you aware of Dr.
Oppenheimer’s</i>

1259
01:09:58,700 --> 01:10:01,130
<i>left-wing associations
when you appointed him?</i>

1260
01:10:01,130 --> 01:10:03,270
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.

1261
01:10:03,270 --> 01:10:06,400
I was aware he had a very
extreme, liberal background.

1262
01:10:06,400 --> 01:10:09,640
In your opinion, would he ever
consciously commit a disloyal act?

1263
01:10:09,640 --> 01:10:11,440
I would be amazed if he did.

1264
01:10:11,440 --> 01:10:14,350
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity?

1265
01:10:14,350 --> 01:10:17,080
At Los Alamos, yes, which
is where I really knew him.

1266
01:10:17,080 --> 01:10:19,880
General, did your security
officers on the project

1267
01:10:19,880 --> 01:10:22,150
advise you against the
clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer?

1268
01:10:22,150 --> 01:10:25,990
They could not and would not
clear him until I insisted.

1269
01:10:25,990 --> 01:10:30,030
And it’s safe to say that you had a pretty good
knowledge of Dr. Oppenheimer’s security file.

1270
01:10:30,030 --> 01:10:31,500
I did.

1271
01:10:31,500 --> 01:10:34,100
There’s only really one question
I need answered here today.

1272
01:10:34,100 --> 01:10:36,170
In light of
the current AEC guidelines,

1273
01:10:36,170 --> 01:10:38,840
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?

1274
01:10:38,840 --> 01:10:40,940
Do you have the guidelines?

1275
01:10:48,080 --> 01:10:50,610
Under current AEC guidelines,

1276
01:10:50,620 --> 01:10:54,590
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?

1277
01:11:05,860 --> 01:11:07,630
Physics and New Mexico, huh?

1278
01:11:08,970 --> 01:11:10,400
My God.

1279
01:11:10,400 --> 01:11:11,870
What a trek.

1280
01:11:11,870 --> 01:11:13,400
That’s why you need a liaison.

1281
01:11:13,410 --> 01:11:14,970
I’m appointing Lomanitz.

1282
01:11:15,870 --> 01:11:17,210
You’re gonna be okay.

1283
01:11:17,210 --> 01:11:18,680
This way, gentlemen.

1284
01:11:28,490 --> 01:11:30,390
- Dr. Lawrence.
- Leslie.

1285
01:11:30,390 --> 01:11:32,790
I’d like to remind you what
we talked about in Berkeley.

1286
01:11:32,790 --> 01:11:35,130
Compartmentalization.
I understand completely.

1287
01:11:40,670 --> 01:11:41,900
Thank you.

1288
01:11:49,980 --> 01:11:51,680
<i>Greetings from Berkeley.</i>

1289
01:11:51,680 --> 01:11:54,510
I am here to update you on our
progress and solicit your input.

1290
01:11:54,510 --> 01:11:57,110
To do so, I am going to
have to share a few things

1291
01:11:57,120 --> 01:11:59,920
that General Groves
told me not to.

1292
01:11:59,920 --> 01:12:02,850
Sorry, General, I said I
understood, not that I agreed.

1293
01:12:02,850 --> 01:12:04,520
Okay.

1294
01:12:04,520 --> 01:12:06,420
Gentlemen, to business.

1295
01:12:06,420 --> 01:12:09,130
There were rumors of
espionage at Los Alamos.

1296
01:12:09,130 --> 01:12:10,630
Unsubstantiated.

1297
01:12:10,630 --> 01:12:13,430
I’m told that there
were communists on the project.

1298
01:12:13,430 --> 01:12:15,500
We didn’t knowingly employ
any communists.

1299
01:12:15,500 --> 01:12:18,240
Were any of them involved
in discussions of the Super?

1300
01:12:18,240 --> 01:12:20,970
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.

1301
01:12:20,970 --> 01:12:22,770
My brother had left
the Party by then.

1302
01:12:22,770 --> 01:12:24,070
What about Lomanitz?

1303
01:12:24,080 --> 01:12:25,810
Lomanitz was never employed
at Los Alamos.

1304
01:12:25,810 --> 01:12:26,880
He was a liaison.

1305
01:12:26,880 --> 01:12:28,110
Our security was tight,

1306
01:12:28,110 --> 01:12:30,010
as former Colonel Nichols
well knows.

1307
01:12:30,010 --> 01:12:32,520
Our security was as tight as it could
be given the personalities involved,

1308
01:12:32,520 --> 01:12:34,220
but attempts were made.

1309
01:12:34,220 --> 01:12:36,820
- What is that supposed to mean?
- We’ve all read his file here.

1310
01:12:36,820 --> 01:12:40,020
Do we need to talk
about Jean Tatlock?

1311
01:12:40,730 --> 01:12:43,130
Or the Chevalier incident?

1312
01:12:47,430 --> 01:12:48,730
Excuse me.

1313
01:12:50,170 --> 01:12:53,370
That’s Lomanitz, on line one.

1314
01:12:59,840 --> 01:13:00,940
Hello, Rossi.

1315
01:13:00,950 --> 01:13:04,180
<i>What? Okay, just calm down.</i>

1316
01:13:05,020 --> 01:13:06,480
There’s been another screw-up.

1317
01:13:06,480 --> 01:13:08,090
Lomanitz just got drafted.

1318
01:13:08,090 --> 01:13:10,850
- We are at war, Doctor.
- Don’t be an asshole, Nichols.

1319
01:13:10,860 --> 01:13:12,920
We need this kid.
Fix it, will you?

1320
01:13:12,920 --> 01:13:14,290
It wasn’t a mistake.

1321
01:13:14,290 --> 01:13:15,830
Your friend Lomanitz
has been trying

1322
01:13:15,830 --> 01:13:17,190
to unionize the Radiation Lab.

1323
01:13:17,200 --> 01:13:18,960
He promised to quit all that.

1324
01:13:18,960 --> 01:13:20,900
Well, he hasn’t.

1325
01:13:20,900 --> 01:13:24,170
Security officer at Berkeley’s
concerned about communist infiltration

1326
01:13:24,170 --> 01:13:26,300
through that union, the FA--

1327
01:13:26,300 --> 01:13:28,240
FAECT.

1328
01:13:30,380 --> 01:13:32,810
Well, I’m there next week,
I’ll...

1329
01:13:32,810 --> 01:13:34,350
drop in to see him.

1330
01:13:36,110 --> 01:13:38,050
Your Q clearance came through.

1331
01:13:41,550 --> 01:13:45,390
It’s important you not maintain or
renew any questionable associations.

1332
01:13:50,030 --> 01:13:51,930
<i>Doctor,
did you think social contacts</i>

1333
01:13:51,930 --> 01:13:56,270
between a person engaged on secret
war work and communists was dangerous?

1334
01:13:56,270 --> 01:14:00,070
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.

1335
01:14:00,070 --> 01:14:02,810
I mean, it’s fair to say
that during the war years,

1336
01:14:02,810 --> 01:14:06,440
<i>you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous?</i>

1337
01:14:12,950 --> 01:14:15,620
<i>Were conceivably dangerous, yes.</i>

1338
01:14:15,620 --> 01:14:19,420
<i>I mean, really?
Known communists?</i>

1339
01:14:22,030 --> 01:14:23,260
<i>Look...</i>

1340
01:14:24,300 --> 01:14:28,670
I’ve had a lot of secrets
in my head for a long time.

1341
01:14:29,600 --> 01:14:31,270
<i>Doesn’t matter
who I associate with.</i>

1342
01:14:31,270 --> 01:14:34,210
I don’t talk
about those secrets.

1343
01:14:41,680 --> 01:14:43,410
You said in your statement

1344
01:14:44,450 --> 01:14:46,620
that you had to

1345
01:14:46,620 --> 01:14:49,120
see Jean Tatlock in 1943.

1346
01:14:50,720 --> 01:14:52,260
You left.

1347
01:14:53,530 --> 01:14:54,760
Not a word.

1348
01:14:54,760 --> 01:14:57,500
What did you think
that would do to me?

1349
01:14:58,700 --> 01:14:59,730
I wrote.

1350
01:14:59,730 --> 01:15:02,000
Pages of nothing.

1351
01:15:04,370 --> 01:15:06,200
Where did you go?

1352
01:15:07,740 --> 01:15:09,170
I can’t tell you.
Why not?

1353
01:15:09,170 --> 01:15:11,080
Because you’re a communist.

1354
01:15:13,550 --> 01:15:15,380
Why did you have to see her?

1355
01:15:15,380 --> 01:15:20,250
Because she had indicated a
great desire to see me before we left.

1356
01:15:20,250 --> 01:15:25,020
At that time, I couldn’t, but I
felt that she had to see me.

1357
01:15:25,020 --> 01:15:27,820
She was undergoing
psychiatric treatment.

1358
01:15:27,830 --> 01:15:29,930
She was extremely unhappy.

1359
01:15:29,930 --> 01:15:32,360
Did you find out
why she had to see you?

1360
01:15:37,100 --> 01:15:39,400
Because she was still
in love with me.

1361
01:15:46,480 --> 01:15:48,510
Spent the night together,
didn’t you?

1362
01:15:56,520 --> 01:15:57,620
Yes.

1363
01:16:03,900 --> 01:16:06,960
You drop in and out of my life

1364
01:16:06,970 --> 01:16:09,600
and you don’t have to
tell me why.

1365
01:16:09,600 --> 01:16:10,970
Now, that’s power.

1366
01:16:10,970 --> 01:16:13,640
Not that I enjoy.

1367
01:16:13,640 --> 01:16:16,240
I’d rather be here for you
as you need.

1368
01:16:16,240 --> 01:16:19,040
But you have
other priorities now.

1369
01:16:19,640 --> 01:16:21,510
I have a wife and child.

1370
01:16:22,510 --> 01:16:25,280
That’s not what either of us
is talking about.

1371
01:16:28,850 --> 01:16:30,120
Jean.

1372
01:16:30,820 --> 01:16:32,460
You asked me to come.

1373
01:16:33,320 --> 01:16:35,230
And I’m glad I did.

1374
01:16:35,930 --> 01:16:37,900
But I can’t see you again.

1375
01:16:40,930 --> 01:16:42,900
But what if I need you?

1376
01:16:46,440 --> 01:16:48,670
You said
you would always answer.

1377
01:16:51,540 --> 01:16:53,610
Not a word.

1378
01:16:53,610 --> 01:16:56,010
Did you think that
consistent with good security?

1379
01:16:56,010 --> 01:16:59,120
As a matter of fact, it was.
Not a word.

1380
01:17:00,520 --> 01:17:02,550
When did you see her after that?

1381
01:17:10,800 --> 01:17:12,430
I never saw her again.

1382
01:17:18,670 --> 01:17:21,740
I can make the last train
back to Princeton.

1383
01:17:21,740 --> 01:17:24,240
Kitty, I didn’t say anything
that I hadn’t already told you.

1384
01:17:24,240 --> 01:17:28,050
Today you said it to history,
didn’t you? This is a closed hearing.

1385
01:17:29,780 --> 01:17:32,680
If they don’t release the
transcript, I’m sure you will.

1386
01:17:32,680 --> 01:17:33,850
I was under oath.

1387
01:17:33,850 --> 01:17:35,150
Well, you were
under an oath to me

1388
01:17:35,150 --> 01:17:37,020
when you went to see Jean.

1389
01:17:37,820 --> 01:17:39,360
You know, you...

1390
01:17:39,990 --> 01:17:41,590
you sit there,

1391
01:17:41,590 --> 01:17:42,630
day after day,

1392
01:17:43,530 --> 01:17:46,230
letting them
pick our lives to pieces.

1393
01:17:48,330 --> 01:17:50,130
Why won’t you fight?

1394
01:17:53,340 --> 01:17:56,340
Robert, I’m not
putting her up there.

1395
01:18:01,680 --> 01:18:04,510
Dr. Oppenheimer, it’s an honor.
Please, take a seat.

1396
01:18:04,520 --> 01:18:06,620
No need, I just wanted to check

1397
01:18:06,620 --> 01:18:10,250
whether I should talk to Lomanitz
while I’m here, given your concerns.

1398
01:18:10,250 --> 01:18:13,620
Well, I’d say that’s really up to
you, Professor, but I’d be cautious.

1399
01:18:13,620 --> 01:18:14,990
Uh-huh. Understood.

1400
01:18:14,990 --> 01:18:17,460
Oh, and, um...
...as regards to the union,

1401
01:18:17,460 --> 01:18:21,160
I wanted to give you a heads-up
on a man named Eltenton.

1402
01:18:21,170 --> 01:18:22,670
- A heads-up?
- Yes.

1403
01:18:22,670 --> 01:18:26,000
Just that he might
merit watching, is all.

1404
01:18:27,210 --> 01:18:28,770
I’d love to get more details.

1405
01:18:28,770 --> 01:18:31,880
Well, I have an appointment now,
and I leave early tomorrow.

1406
01:18:31,880 --> 01:18:36,010
Well, come back as early as you
like. Since you haven’t time now.

1407
01:18:36,910 --> 01:18:38,650
You went back the next morning.

1408
01:18:38,650 --> 01:18:40,690
I did. I had to, really.

1409
01:18:41,490 --> 01:18:43,520
<i>This time there was another man.</i>

1410
01:18:45,020 --> 01:18:46,320
He said his name was Pash.

1411
01:18:46,320 --> 01:18:48,860
Pash. You met Colonel Pash?

1412
01:18:48,860 --> 01:18:51,900
Colonel Pash, could you
please read from your memo

1413
01:18:51,900 --> 01:18:54,430
dated June 29, 1943?

1414
01:18:55,800 --> 01:18:58,400
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject

1415
01:18:58,400 --> 01:19:01,370
indicate further possible
Communist Party connections.

1416
01:19:01,370 --> 01:19:03,910
Subject met with, and spent
considerable time with,

1417
01:19:03,910 --> 01:19:05,880
one Jean Tatlock, communist,

1418
01:19:05,880 --> 01:19:07,310
the record of whom is attached."

1419
01:19:07,310 --> 01:19:10,010
- The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer?
- Yes.

1420
01:19:10,010 --> 01:19:11,450
Whom you had not met?

1421
01:19:11,450 --> 01:19:13,320
Not then, but soon after.

1422
01:19:13,320 --> 01:19:15,650
He’s the head of security for
the project. Shouldn’t I know him?

1423
01:19:15,650 --> 01:19:19,560
No, he should know you. I would
never put you in a room with Pash.

1424
01:19:19,560 --> 01:19:21,060
Why not?

1425
01:19:21,060 --> 01:19:22,760
When Pash first heard
about Lomanitz,

1426
01:19:22,760 --> 01:19:25,960
he told the FBI
he was gonna kidnap him,

1427
01:19:25,960 --> 01:19:27,630
take him out on a boat

1428
01:19:27,630 --> 01:19:30,400
and interrogate him
in the Russian manner.

1429
01:19:33,000 --> 01:19:35,370
General Groves has placed in me
a certain responsibility,

1430
01:19:35,370 --> 01:19:37,780
and it’s like having a child
who I can’t see.

1431
01:19:38,780 --> 01:19:40,280
By remote control.

1432
01:19:41,310 --> 01:19:42,850
So to actually meet you is...

1433
01:19:44,580 --> 01:19:47,250
- I won’t take up too much of your time.
- No, not at all.

1434
01:19:47,250 --> 01:19:49,390
Whatever time you choose.

1435
01:19:49,390 --> 01:19:51,560
Mr. Johnson told me of a
conversation you had yesterday

1436
01:19:51,560 --> 01:19:53,060
in which I’m very interested.

1437
01:19:53,060 --> 01:19:55,090
It’s had me worried all day.

1438
01:19:55,090 --> 01:19:58,800
Yes, well, I didn’t want to talk to
Lomanitz without authorization.

1439
01:19:58,800 --> 01:20:00,800
That’s not the particular
interest that I have.

1440
01:20:00,800 --> 01:20:02,630
It’s something
a little bit more...

1441
01:20:04,000 --> 01:20:05,440
in my opinion, more serious.

1442
01:20:05,440 --> 01:20:08,240
Now, when the FBI pointed out
that such information

1443
01:20:08,240 --> 01:20:10,010
wouldn’t be admissible in court,

1444
01:20:10,010 --> 01:20:12,980
Pash made it clear he had no
intention of leaving any witness left

1445
01:20:12,980 --> 01:20:14,040
to prosecute.

1446
01:20:14,050 --> 01:20:15,450
Now, the FBI talked him down,

1447
01:20:15,450 --> 01:20:16,950
but that’s the man
you’re dancing with.

1448
01:20:16,950 --> 01:20:19,780
I gather you’ve heard
there are other parties

1449
01:20:19,780 --> 01:20:22,450
interested in the work
of the Radiation Lab?

1450
01:20:22,450 --> 01:20:26,360
A man attached
to the Soviet Consul

1451
01:20:26,360 --> 01:20:29,430
indicated through
intermediate people

1452
01:20:29,430 --> 01:20:31,190
to people on this project

1453
01:20:31,200 --> 01:20:33,000
that he was in a position

1454
01:20:33,000 --> 01:20:34,530
to transmit information.

1455
01:20:34,530 --> 01:20:37,300
Why would anyone on the project
wanna do that?

1456
01:20:38,800 --> 01:20:41,300
Frankly, I can see
that there might be an argument

1457
01:20:41,310 --> 01:20:43,670
for the commander-in-chief
informing the Russians.

1458
01:20:43,670 --> 01:20:45,740
They’re our allies after all.

1459
01:20:45,740 --> 01:20:48,650
But I don’t like the idea
of it going out the back door.

1460
01:20:48,650 --> 01:20:51,280
It might not hurt
to be on the lookout for it.

1461
01:20:52,220 --> 01:20:53,980
And you said that to Pash?

1462
01:20:53,990 --> 01:20:58,320
I was trying to put it in the
context of "Russia’s not Germany."

1463
01:20:58,320 --> 01:21:02,990
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.

1464
01:21:02,990 --> 01:21:04,790
Born here, but in 1918,

1465
01:21:04,800 --> 01:21:07,200
he went back to Russia
to fight the Bolsheviks.

1466
01:21:07,200 --> 01:21:10,130
This is a man who has killed
communists with his own hands.

1467
01:21:10,130 --> 01:21:13,500
I’m not the judge of who should
or should not have information.

1468
01:21:13,500 --> 01:21:16,240
It’s my business to stop it
from going through illegally.

1469
01:21:16,240 --> 01:21:18,410
Would you be
a little more specific?

1470
01:21:20,440 --> 01:21:24,650
There’s a man whose name was
mentioned to me a couple of times.

1471
01:21:24,650 --> 01:21:26,550
Eltenton.

1472
01:21:26,550 --> 01:21:29,920
Uh, I believe he’s a chemist
who works at Shell.

1473
01:21:29,920 --> 01:21:32,890
He talked to a friend of his

1474
01:21:32,890 --> 01:21:36,230
who’s an acquaintance
of someone on the project.

1475
01:21:37,560 --> 01:21:39,930
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?

1476
01:21:39,930 --> 01:21:44,070
I was attempting to give them
Eltenton without opening a can of worms.

1477
01:21:44,070 --> 01:21:45,840
I told them
a cock-and-bull story.

1478
01:21:45,840 --> 01:21:47,500
Did you lie
to General Groves too?

1479
01:21:47,510 --> 01:21:50,970
No. I admitted to him
that I’d lied to Pash.

1480
01:21:50,980 --> 01:21:54,440
Do you recall this conversation
about the Chevalier incident?

1481
01:21:54,450 --> 01:21:57,280
I’ve seen
so many versions of it,

1482
01:21:57,280 --> 01:22:00,150
I wasn’t confused before but
I’m certainly getting there now.

1483
01:22:00,150 --> 01:22:01,380
What was your conclusion?

1484
01:22:01,390 --> 01:22:03,790
That he was
under the influence of

1485
01:22:03,790 --> 01:22:06,690
the typical
American schoolboy attitude

1486
01:22:06,690 --> 01:22:10,330
that there’s something wicked
about telling on a friend.

1487
01:22:10,330 --> 01:22:12,060
Well, now...

1488
01:22:12,060 --> 01:22:14,800
Might we know through whom
the contact was made?

1489
01:22:14,800 --> 01:22:19,300
That would involve people
who are not to be involved in this.

1490
01:22:19,300 --> 01:22:22,040
Is that someone
a member of the project?

1491
01:22:22,040 --> 01:22:27,080
- A member of the faculty, yes, but not in the project, no.
- Ah.

1492
01:22:27,550 --> 01:22:32,550
So Eltenton made his approach through
a member of the faculty here at Berkeley?

1493
01:22:34,390 --> 01:22:36,790
As far as I know--
As far as I know, yes.

1494
01:22:36,790 --> 01:22:38,960
But...
...there may have been

1495
01:22:39,660 --> 01:22:41,660
more than one person involved.

1496
01:22:46,260 --> 01:22:50,430
Gentlemen, if I-- If I seem
uncooperative, I think you can understand

1497
01:22:50,430 --> 01:22:51,770
it’s because of my insistence

1498
01:22:51,770 --> 01:22:54,370
in not getting innocent people
into trouble.

1499
01:22:54,370 --> 01:22:57,510
You’re trying to protect your
friend. Who’s protecting you?

1500
01:22:57,510 --> 01:23:00,240
- Well, you could.
- If you gave me the name.

1501
01:23:00,240 --> 01:23:01,810
If you order me to, I’ll do it.

1502
01:23:01,810 --> 01:23:05,120
That is a mistake, Robert.
You need to volunteer this name.

1503
01:23:06,350 --> 01:23:08,820
<i>- And did he give you the name?
- He did.</i>

1504
01:23:08,820 --> 01:23:10,590
But not then, did he?
No.

1505
01:23:10,590 --> 01:23:12,990
No. In fact, it was some
months later, wasn’t it?

1506
01:23:12,990 --> 01:23:14,290
It was.

1507
01:23:14,290 --> 01:23:16,760
- You see me as persistent.
- Well, you are--

1508
01:23:16,760 --> 01:23:18,800
You are persistent,
but that is your job.

1509
01:23:18,800 --> 01:23:22,300
And-And my job is to protect
the people that work for me.

1510
01:23:22,300 --> 01:23:26,570
Instead of us going on certain steps,
which may come to your attention...

1511
01:23:28,070 --> 01:23:29,840
and be disturbing to you,

1512
01:23:29,840 --> 01:23:32,640
I would like to discuss those
with you first.

1513
01:23:32,640 --> 01:23:36,850
I’m not formulating a plan. I’ll
just have to digest the whole thing.

1514
01:23:40,890 --> 01:23:43,990
In the months in between your
interview with Dr. Oppenheimer

1515
01:23:43,990 --> 01:23:46,520
and his eventual
naming of Chevalier,

1516
01:23:46,520 --> 01:23:49,730
did you expend resources trying to
find the name of the intermediary?

1517
01:23:49,730 --> 01:23:52,100
Considerable resources, yes.

1518
01:23:52,100 --> 01:23:54,400
Without the name,
our job was extremely difficult.

1519
01:23:54,400 --> 01:23:56,000
And when did you
receive the name?

1520
01:23:56,000 --> 01:23:58,740
I was gone by the time
Oppenheimer finally offered it up.

1521
01:23:58,740 --> 01:24:02,040
- Gone?
- They felt my time would be better spent in Europe

1522
01:24:02,040 --> 01:24:04,410
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.

1523
01:24:04,410 --> 01:24:05,810
Who did?

1524
01:24:06,980 --> 01:24:08,050
General Groves.

1525
01:24:08,780 --> 01:24:10,580
He transferred me to London.

1526
01:24:17,020 --> 01:24:18,920
<i>It’s a little early
for a Christmas party.</i>

1527
01:24:18,920 --> 01:24:22,530
Something’s up.
Tolman’s been away.

1528
01:24:23,360 --> 01:24:24,730
Where?

1529
01:24:24,730 --> 01:24:26,130
Ruth won’t tell.

1530
01:24:31,040 --> 01:24:32,100
Hey!

1531
01:24:36,070 --> 01:24:39,810
Come on, Ruthie. Can’t
tell me, who can you tell?

1532
01:24:39,810 --> 01:24:41,650
Compartmentalization, Oppie.

1533
01:24:42,580 --> 01:24:44,650
What makes you think
I know where he is anyway?

1534
01:24:44,650 --> 01:24:46,520
’Cause you do
a pretty good job of knowing

1535
01:24:46,520 --> 01:24:48,650
where Mr. Tolman is
when it counts.

1536
01:24:49,150 --> 01:24:50,190
Like now?

1537
01:24:50,190 --> 01:24:53,520
Attention!

1538
01:24:56,160 --> 01:24:58,630
Early Christmas present
for you all.

1539
01:25:06,740 --> 01:25:09,040
<i>The British pilots
put me in the bomb bay.</i>

1540
01:25:09,040 --> 01:25:12,310
Showed me the-the oxygen,
you know, but I messed it up.

1541
01:25:13,840 --> 01:25:15,680
When they opened me up in
Scotland, I was unconscious.

1542
01:25:15,680 --> 01:25:18,720
But I pretended
I’d been napping.

1543
01:25:18,720 --> 01:25:20,520
Please enjoy your party.

1544
01:25:21,450 --> 01:25:22,950
Is it big enough?

1545
01:25:22,950 --> 01:25:24,490
To end the war?

1546
01:25:25,020 --> 01:25:27,160
To end all war.

1547
01:25:29,860 --> 01:25:34,430
Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.

1548
01:25:34,430 --> 01:25:37,900
It was chilling, my old
student working for the Nazis.

1549
01:25:37,900 --> 01:25:41,940
He told me some things
to draw me out.

1550
01:25:42,740 --> 01:25:45,680
Sustained fission reactions
in uranium.

1551
01:25:45,680 --> 01:25:47,810
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.

1552
01:25:47,810 --> 01:25:49,680
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?

1553
01:25:49,680 --> 01:25:52,120
He seemed more focused
on heavy water.

1554
01:25:52,120 --> 01:25:53,780
As a moderator?

1555
01:25:53,780 --> 01:25:55,250
Yes, instead of graphite.

1556
01:25:58,290 --> 01:25:59,760
What?

1557
01:26:00,590 --> 01:26:03,430
He took a wrong turn.
We’re ahead.

1558
01:26:03,430 --> 01:26:05,230
And with you here
to help us, Niels...

1559
01:26:05,230 --> 01:26:09,230
Sorry, could you-- could you
give us a moment, gentlemen?

1560
01:26:15,610 --> 01:26:18,410
I am not here to help, Robert.

1561
01:26:18,410 --> 01:26:20,640
I knew you could do this
without me.

1562
01:26:20,640 --> 01:26:22,610
Then why did you come?
To talk about after.

1563
01:26:22,610 --> 01:26:27,420
The power you’re about to reveal
will forever outlive the Nazis.

1564
01:26:28,020 --> 01:26:30,220
And the world is not prepared.

1565
01:26:30,220 --> 01:26:33,190
"You could lift the stone without being
ready for the snake that’s revealed."

1566
01:26:33,190 --> 01:26:35,330
We have to make
the politicians understand,

1567
01:26:35,330 --> 01:26:36,930
this isn’t a new weapon.

1568
01:26:37,430 --> 01:26:38,830
It’s a new world.

1569
01:26:38,830 --> 01:26:42,370
I’ll be out there
doing what I can, but you...

1570
01:26:42,370 --> 01:26:45,070
You are an American Prometheus.

1571
01:26:45,070 --> 01:26:49,240
The man who gave them the power
to destroy themselves,

1572
01:26:49,240 --> 01:26:50,910
and they’ll respect that.

1573
01:26:50,910 --> 01:26:53,180
Then your work really begins.

1574
01:26:57,650 --> 01:27:00,180
I’m sorry, Oppie,
but there’s a call.

1575
01:27:01,790 --> 01:27:03,290
From San Francisco.

1576
01:27:10,330 --> 01:27:11,630
Robert?

1577
01:27:16,000 --> 01:27:17,470
Robert?

1578
01:27:17,470 --> 01:27:20,040
Robert. Robert.

1579
01:27:20,040 --> 01:27:21,700
Oh, my God.
What’s the matter?

1580
01:27:21,710 --> 01:27:22,910
What happened?

1581
01:27:24,480 --> 01:27:26,440
Her father called.

1582
01:27:26,440 --> 01:27:28,210
They found her yesterday
in the bath.

1583
01:27:30,050 --> 01:27:31,150
Who?

1584
01:27:32,480 --> 01:27:33,980
She’d taken pills.

1585
01:27:33,980 --> 01:27:35,490
<i>Left a note, not signed.</i>

1586
01:27:36,820 --> 01:27:40,060
She took barbiturates, but there
was chloral hydrate in her blood.

1587
01:27:43,490 --> 01:27:44,900
There was a note.

1588
01:27:45,500 --> 01:27:47,060
Jean Tatlock?

1589
01:27:53,600 --> 01:27:54,840
We were together.

1590
01:27:54,840 --> 01:27:57,210
She said she needed me. I...

1591
01:27:59,480 --> 01:28:02,010
- I told her I...
- ...I wouldn’t--

1592
01:28:02,680 --> 01:28:04,480
I told her I couldn’t--

1593
01:28:04,480 --> 01:28:06,750
No, it was-- it was me--

1594
01:28:07,890 --> 01:28:11,220
You don’t get to commit the sin

1595
01:28:11,220 --> 01:28:14,990
and then have us all feel sorry
for you that it had consequences.

1596
01:28:18,030 --> 01:28:20,160
You pull yourself together.

1597
01:28:23,930 --> 01:28:26,100
You know,
people here depend on you.

1598
01:28:28,040 --> 01:28:30,170
Donald, would you like to
contribute here, please?

1599
01:28:30,170 --> 01:28:32,180
You’re on your own, pal.

1600
01:28:32,180 --> 01:28:34,380
Bob, I’m not quitting my job
because plutonium is radioactive.

1601
01:28:34,380 --> 01:28:37,380
We just don’t know what it might do
to the female reproductive system--

1602
01:28:37,380 --> 01:28:40,520
Your reproductive system
is more exposed than mine, presumably.

1603
01:28:40,520 --> 01:28:43,320
Can we please? The
implosion device is nowhere.

1604
01:28:43,320 --> 01:28:45,460
You can’t rush everything.
Oppie, please.

1605
01:28:45,460 --> 01:28:47,790
Well, there’s rushing and there’s
getting on with it, so, pick one.

1606
01:28:47,790 --> 01:28:49,760
Wait. Neddermeyer’s
doing his job.

1607
01:28:49,760 --> 01:28:52,330
Teller’s not helping.
You’re not helping.

1608
01:28:52,330 --> 01:28:55,030
I’ve been asking for calculations
on the implosion lenses for weeks.

1609
01:28:55,030 --> 01:28:57,600
- The British can do it. Fuchs.
- Absolutely.

1610
01:28:57,600 --> 01:29:01,100
- It’s your job, Teller.
- I’m engaged in research.

1611
01:29:01,110 --> 01:29:03,710
On a hydrogen bomb
we’re not even building.

1612
01:29:11,880 --> 01:29:13,280
I won’t work for that man.

1613
01:29:14,990 --> 01:29:17,190
Let him go.
He’s a prima donna.

1614
01:29:17,190 --> 01:29:19,420
I agree.
He should leave Los Alamos.

1615
01:29:19,420 --> 01:29:21,290
Okay.

1616
01:29:21,290 --> 01:29:24,130
Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer.
Seth, I’m putting you on plutonium.

1617
01:29:24,130 --> 01:29:27,800
Lilli, you go work for Kisty,
because he needs you.

1618
01:29:27,800 --> 01:29:29,400
Fuchs, you take Teller’s role.

1619
01:29:29,400 --> 01:29:32,500
I’m putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.

1620
01:29:32,500 --> 01:29:36,270
And no one
is leaving Los Alamos.

1621
01:29:50,550 --> 01:29:51,790
They won’t let me leave.

1622
01:29:51,790 --> 01:29:54,020
No. I won’t let you leave.

1623
01:29:55,560 --> 01:29:58,060
Forget Hans. Forget fission.

1624
01:29:58,060 --> 01:30:01,230
Stay here,
research what you want.

1625
01:30:01,230 --> 01:30:03,770
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever.

1626
01:30:03,770 --> 01:30:05,500
We’ll meet to discuss.

1627
01:30:05,500 --> 01:30:08,000
You don’t have time to meet.
You’re a politician now, Robert.

1628
01:30:08,010 --> 01:30:10,910
You’ve left physics behind
many, many years ago.

1629
01:30:11,810 --> 01:30:13,510
Once a week.

1630
01:30:13,510 --> 01:30:15,380
One hour, you and me.

1631
01:30:21,090 --> 01:30:23,050
Now raise this fucking barrier.

1632
01:30:27,620 --> 01:30:31,590
<i>So the Super was under development
on your watch at Los Alamos?</i>

1633
01:30:31,600 --> 01:30:33,130
Yes.

1634
01:30:33,130 --> 01:30:36,430
And yet, after the war,
you tried to deny it was viable.

1635
01:30:36,430 --> 01:30:39,570
No, no, no. I-I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.

1636
01:30:39,570 --> 01:30:41,800
Didn’t you try to kill it
at the AEC meeting

1637
01:30:41,810 --> 01:30:43,510
- after the Russian bomb test?
- No.

1638
01:30:43,510 --> 01:30:46,480
But that was the recommendation
of the AEC, was it not?

1639
01:30:46,480 --> 01:30:49,850
After hours of discussion
about the best response.

1640
01:30:49,850 --> 01:30:54,890
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.

1641
01:30:55,690 --> 01:30:59,990
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.

1642
01:30:59,990 --> 01:31:01,920
It’s a weapon of mass genocide.

1643
01:31:01,930 --> 01:31:05,930
Izzy, draw some circles on this side
of the map where they would target us.

1644
01:31:05,930 --> 01:31:07,160
Starting with New York.

1645
01:31:07,160 --> 01:31:08,630
- That’s fair.
- DC.

1646
01:31:08,630 --> 01:31:11,030
It’s a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.

1647
01:31:11,030 --> 01:31:12,940
- Deterrence.
- "Deterrence"?

1648
01:31:12,940 --> 01:31:16,640
Do we really need more deterrence
than our current arsenal of atomic bombs?

1649
01:31:16,640 --> 01:31:20,940
Y-You drown in ten feet of water
or 10,000, what’s the difference?

1650
01:31:20,940 --> 01:31:23,110
We can already drown Russia.
They know it.

1651
01:31:23,110 --> 01:31:25,820
- Now they can drown us.
- We’re just escalating.

1652
01:31:29,350 --> 01:31:32,290
Robert? Robert.

1653
01:31:36,260 --> 01:31:37,990
As I said, Teller’s designs

1654
01:31:38,000 --> 01:31:41,230
are still as impractical
as they were during the war.

1655
01:31:41,230 --> 01:31:43,970
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie, you know that.

1656
01:31:43,970 --> 01:31:46,870
I don’t believe we should commit
all our resources to that chance.

1657
01:31:46,870 --> 01:31:50,140
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?

1658
01:31:50,140 --> 01:31:52,480
Simply by limiting
the spread of atomic weapons

1659
01:31:52,480 --> 01:31:55,750
through international control
on nuclear energy.

1660
01:31:55,750 --> 01:31:57,380
By which you mean
world government.

1661
01:31:57,380 --> 01:32:00,320
The United Nations,
as Roosevelt intended.

1662
01:32:00,320 --> 01:32:03,090
Well, I asked
what Truman should do, right?

1663
01:32:03,090 --> 01:32:04,820
The world’s changed.

1664
01:32:04,820 --> 01:32:07,920
It’s not fascism but communism
that now threatens our survival.

1665
01:32:07,930 --> 01:32:09,890
Lewis, do you understand,

1666
01:32:09,890 --> 01:32:11,430
if we build a hydrogen bomb,

1667
01:32:11,430 --> 01:32:13,860
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?

1668
01:32:13,860 --> 01:32:15,400
Could they
be working on one already,

1669
01:32:15,400 --> 01:32:18,630
based on information gathered
from a spy at Los Alamos?

1670
01:32:18,640 --> 01:32:20,270
No spy at Los Alamos.

1671
01:32:20,270 --> 01:32:22,270
Gentlemen. Let’s not get
sidetracked. There wasn’t?

1672
01:32:22,270 --> 01:32:25,610
I say we use this moment to gain
concessions from the Russians

1673
01:32:25,610 --> 01:32:28,840
by committing that we will
not build a hydrogen bomb.

1674
01:32:28,850 --> 01:32:30,450
Thereby revealing its existence.

1675
01:32:30,450 --> 01:32:32,580
Which you seem convinced
they already know.

1676
01:32:32,580 --> 01:32:36,120
All right. At this point,
I’d like the committee members

1677
01:32:36,120 --> 01:32:40,120
to meet in privacy
to finalize our recommendations.

1678
01:32:41,360 --> 01:32:43,530
I’m just not sure
you wanna go down this road.

1679
01:32:43,530 --> 01:32:44,930
Lewis, with respect,

1680
01:32:44,930 --> 01:32:47,500
we are the advisory committee,
we will give them our advice.

1681
01:32:52,870 --> 01:32:54,300
Dr. Oppenheimer?

1682
01:32:54,300 --> 01:32:55,610
Hi.

1683
01:32:55,610 --> 01:32:58,410
William Borden. Joint
Committee on Atomic Energy?

1684
01:32:58,410 --> 01:32:59,680
Oh, yes, yes.

1685
01:32:59,680 --> 01:33:01,240
During the war, I was a pilot.

1686
01:33:02,380 --> 01:33:05,110
One night,
flying back from a raid,

1687
01:33:05,120 --> 01:33:07,020
I saw an amazing sight,

1688
01:33:07,020 --> 01:33:08,820
<i>like a meteor.</i>

1689
01:33:08,820 --> 01:33:11,790
<i>A V-2 rocket headed to England.</i>

1690
01:33:11,790 --> 01:33:15,060
I can’t help but imagine what it
will be for such an enemy rocket

1691
01:33:15,060 --> 01:33:18,000
to carry an atomic warhead.

1692
01:33:26,740 --> 01:33:30,510
Well, let’s make sure we’re not
the ones to make that possible.

1693
01:33:35,550 --> 01:33:38,250
Oppie, I don’t think you
wanna go up against Strauss.

1694
01:33:38,980 --> 01:33:41,420
If we both speak,
they listen to me.

1695
01:33:41,420 --> 01:33:43,390
When you speak,
they hear a prophet.

1696
01:33:43,390 --> 01:33:45,320
When Strauss speaks,
they hear themselves.

1697
01:33:45,320 --> 01:33:47,460
They’ll listen to a prophet.

1698
01:33:47,460 --> 01:33:50,260
A prophet can’t be wrong.
Not once.

1699
01:33:50,260 --> 01:33:53,930
<i>Didn’t you accuse Oppenheimer of
sabotaging the development of the Super?</i>

1700
01:33:53,930 --> 01:33:58,630
I was never one of those to
bandy around terms like "sabotage."

1701
01:33:58,640 --> 01:34:00,670
But Mr. Borden was?

1702
01:34:00,670 --> 01:34:02,440
As I understand it, possibly.

1703
01:34:02,440 --> 01:34:06,110
How was Mr. Borden able to put
together such a detailed indictment?

1704
01:34:06,110 --> 01:34:07,640
He was no longer
a government employee,

1705
01:34:07,640 --> 01:34:10,050
yet he appears to have had
unlimited access

1706
01:34:10,050 --> 01:34:11,780
to Dr. Oppenheimer’s file.

1707
01:34:11,780 --> 01:34:14,380
<i>Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?</i>

1708
01:34:14,380 --> 01:34:16,550
Or someone else at the AEC?

1709
01:34:16,550 --> 01:34:19,390
That’s a very serious
accusation, Senator.

1710
01:34:19,390 --> 01:34:20,960
Is it your intention to suggest

1711
01:34:20,960 --> 01:34:23,730
that Dr. Oppenheimer is
disloyal to the United States?

1712
01:34:23,730 --> 01:34:26,460
I’ve always assumed,
and still assume,

1713
01:34:26,460 --> 01:34:29,070
that he’s loyal
to the United States.

1714
01:34:29,070 --> 01:34:30,730
I believe this.
And I shall believe it

1715
01:34:30,730 --> 01:34:33,340
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.

1716
01:34:33,340 --> 01:34:38,010
<i>Do you, or do you not believe that Dr.
Oppenheimer is a security risk?</i>

1717
01:34:46,280 --> 01:34:49,590
And if I may, when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,

1718
01:34:49,590 --> 01:34:53,060
it is my humble opinion that there
is no need for that bomb to be seen

1719
01:34:53,060 --> 01:34:54,730
anywhere except
for that test site.

1720
01:34:56,330 --> 01:34:58,030
We at least have to take
a moment to think about

1721
01:34:58,030 --> 01:35:01,570
whether the means justify
the ends any longer, because--

1722
01:35:04,100 --> 01:35:06,270
Germany is about to surrender.

1723
01:35:08,110 --> 01:35:12,310
It’s no longer the enemy who
are the greatest threat to mankind.

1724
01:35:12,310 --> 01:35:13,580
It’s our work.

1725
01:35:16,080 --> 01:35:18,650
Hitler is dead, it’s true.

1726
01:35:20,380 --> 01:35:22,050
But the Japanese fight on.

1727
01:35:22,050 --> 01:35:23,720
Their defeat seems assured.

1728
01:35:23,720 --> 01:35:26,690
Not if you’re a GI
preparing to invade.

1729
01:35:28,090 --> 01:35:29,660
We can end this war.

1730
01:35:29,660 --> 01:35:32,730
But how do we justify using
this weapon on human beings?

1731
01:35:35,930 --> 01:35:38,840
We’re theorists, yes?

1732
01:35:39,870 --> 01:35:44,410
We imagine a future,
and our imaginings horrify us.

1733
01:35:45,480 --> 01:35:47,780
But they won’t fear it
until they understand it,

1734
01:35:47,780 --> 01:35:50,580
and they won’t understand it
until they’ve used it.

1735
01:35:50,580 --> 01:35:54,520
When the world learns the
terrible secret of Los Alamos,

1736
01:35:54,520 --> 01:35:57,920
our work here will ensure a
peace mankind has never seen.

1737
01:35:57,920 --> 01:36:01,290
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation

1738
01:36:01,290 --> 01:36:03,660
that Roosevelt always envisaged.

1739
01:36:08,600 --> 01:36:11,700
- Progress?
- Two years and a billion dollars’ worth?

1740
01:36:12,400 --> 01:36:14,170
Well, hard to put a price on it.

1741
01:36:14,170 --> 01:36:15,910
Not really.
Just add up the bills.

1742
01:36:15,910 --> 01:36:20,240
"Rural free deliveries." Eighty
babies delivered the first year.

1743
01:36:20,240 --> 01:36:22,780
This year we’ve had ten a month.

1744
01:36:22,780 --> 01:36:26,280
Birth control is a little out
of my jurisdiction, General.

1745
01:36:26,280 --> 01:36:27,620
- Clearly.
- General.

1746
01:36:27,620 --> 01:36:28,750
Kiddo.

1747
01:36:33,520 --> 01:36:36,790
Head down, every-- Fuchs.
Head down.

1748
01:36:43,570 --> 01:36:45,500
That’s the one.

1749
01:36:45,500 --> 01:36:48,370
Two viable bombs.
I need a date.

1750
01:36:51,170 --> 01:36:52,580
September.

1751
01:36:52,580 --> 01:36:53,610
July.

1752
01:36:53,610 --> 01:36:55,580
That’s the sweet spot, gentlemen.

1753
01:36:56,180 --> 01:36:57,850
August.

1754
01:36:57,850 --> 01:36:59,350
July.

1755
01:36:59,350 --> 01:37:02,650
Test in July.
But I need my brother.

1756
01:37:06,690 --> 01:37:09,390
Frank knows the desert,
he’s left politics behind,

1757
01:37:09,390 --> 01:37:11,830
he’s been working with
Lawrence for two years now.

1758
01:37:18,840 --> 01:37:20,570
What do we call the test?

1759
01:37:21,770 --> 01:37:25,540
"Batter my heart,
three person’d God."

1760
01:37:25,540 --> 01:37:26,610
What?

1761
01:37:28,040 --> 01:37:29,280
Trinity.

1762
01:37:36,990 --> 01:37:40,390
You insisted on bringing on your
brother Frank, a known communist.

1763
01:37:40,390 --> 01:37:42,160
Former communist.

1764
01:37:42,160 --> 01:37:43,960
You brought
a known former communist

1765
01:37:43,960 --> 01:37:47,830
onto America’s most secret
and important defense project.

1766
01:37:47,830 --> 01:37:51,100
I knew my brother
could be trusted. Absolutely.

1767
01:37:51,100 --> 01:37:54,570
And you felt your judgment was sound
on who on the team could be trusted.

1768
01:37:54,570 --> 01:37:58,610
Fuchs, head down.
Okay, everybody ready.

1769
01:38:07,650 --> 01:38:09,350
I hope you learned something.

1770
01:38:09,350 --> 01:38:12,020
Yeah, we learned we’re gonna
need to be a lot further away.

1771
01:38:12,020 --> 01:38:13,920
Well, figure it out. Fast.

1772
01:38:13,920 --> 01:38:16,590
We leave for Washington in the
morning. We’re gonna give them a date.

1773
01:38:31,540 --> 01:38:33,440
You’re a long way
from Chicago, Leo.

1774
01:38:33,440 --> 01:38:36,150
If we don’t act now, they’re going
to use this thing against Japan.

1775
01:38:36,150 --> 01:38:39,750
We booked a meeting with
Truman, but somebody killed it.

1776
01:38:39,750 --> 01:38:42,280
You’re meeting
the secretary of war.

1777
01:38:42,290 --> 01:38:43,790
Just because we’re building it

1778
01:38:43,790 --> 01:38:45,890
doesn’t mean we get
to decide how it’s used.

1779
01:38:46,560 --> 01:38:48,490
History will judge us, Robert.

1780
01:38:49,560 --> 01:38:51,730
In Chicago,
we put together a petition.

1781
01:38:52,360 --> 01:38:54,000
I’m not getting into that.

1782
01:38:59,100 --> 01:39:02,000
Just tell me your concerns
and I’ll relay them. My concerns?

1783
01:39:02,010 --> 01:39:05,570
Germany’s defeated. Japan’s
not going to hold out alone.

1784
01:39:05,580 --> 01:39:07,610
How could you know that?
You got us into this.

1785
01:39:07,610 --> 01:39:11,210
You and Einstein with your letter to
Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb.

1786
01:39:11,210 --> 01:39:15,380
Against Germany. That’s not how
weapons manufacture works, Szilard.

1787
01:39:15,390 --> 01:39:16,920
Oppie, you have to help.

1788
01:39:16,920 --> 01:39:18,850
Fermi’s in the meeting.
Lawrence is in the meeting.

1789
01:39:18,860 --> 01:39:21,760
They’re not you. You’re the
great salesman of science.

1790
01:39:21,760 --> 01:39:24,390
You can convince anyone
of anything.

1791
01:39:25,130 --> 01:39:26,360
Even yourself.

1792
01:39:27,000 --> 01:39:28,030
Excuse me.

1793
01:39:29,400 --> 01:39:32,800
The firestorm in Tokyo
killed 100,000 people.

1794
01:39:32,800 --> 01:39:34,400
Mostly civilians.

1795
01:39:34,400 --> 01:39:38,770
I worry about an America where we
do these things and no one protests.

1796
01:39:38,780 --> 01:39:42,110
Pearl Harbor and three years
of brutal conflict in the Pacific

1797
01:39:42,110 --> 01:39:44,580
bought us a lot of latitude
with the American public.

1798
01:39:44,580 --> 01:39:47,020
Enough to unleash
the atomic bomb?

1799
01:39:47,020 --> 01:39:50,490
The A-bomb might not cause as
much damage as the Tokyo bombings.

1800
01:39:50,490 --> 01:39:51,920
What are we estimating?

1801
01:39:51,920 --> 01:39:56,830
In a medium-sized city,
20,000 or 30,000 dead.

1802
01:39:56,830 --> 01:39:58,930
Yes, but don’t underestimate

1803
01:39:58,930 --> 01:40:02,530
the psychological impact
of an atomic explosion.

1804
01:40:02,530 --> 01:40:06,940
A pillar of fire
10,000 feet tall.

1805
01:40:06,940 --> 01:40:10,270
Deadly neutron effects
for a mile. In all directions.

1806
01:40:10,270 --> 01:40:13,240
From one single device.

1807
01:40:13,240 --> 01:40:15,240
Dropped from
a barely noticed B-29,

1808
01:40:15,250 --> 01:40:20,280
the atomic bomb will be a
terrible revelation of divine power.

1809
01:40:20,680 --> 01:40:24,050
If that’s true,
it would be definitive.

1810
01:40:24,050 --> 01:40:26,120
World War II would be over.

1811
01:40:26,120 --> 01:40:27,620
Our boys would come home.

1812
01:40:27,620 --> 01:40:28,990
Military targets?

1813
01:40:30,060 --> 01:40:32,260
Uh... There aren’t
any big enough.

1814
01:40:32,260 --> 01:40:35,260
Perhaps a vital war plant

1815
01:40:35,270 --> 01:40:37,800
with workers housed nearby?

1816
01:40:37,800 --> 01:40:41,000
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.

1817
01:40:41,000 --> 01:40:43,210
They’d send everything
they have up against us,

1818
01:40:43,210 --> 01:40:44,810
and I’d be up in that plane.

1819
01:40:44,810 --> 01:40:48,040
But if we announce it
and it fails to go off,

1820
01:40:48,040 --> 01:40:50,580
we’d scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.

1821
01:40:50,580 --> 01:40:55,180
Is there no way to demonstrate a
bomb to Japan to provoke surrender?

1822
01:40:55,190 --> 01:40:59,560
We intend to demonstrate it
in the most unambiguous terms. Twice.

1823
01:40:59,560 --> 01:41:01,590
Once, to show
the weapon’s power,

1824
01:41:01,590 --> 01:41:05,390
and a second to show that we can
keep doing this until they surrender.

1825
01:41:05,400 --> 01:41:08,960
We have a list of 12 cities
to choose from--

1826
01:41:08,970 --> 01:41:10,770
Sorry, 11.

1827
01:41:10,770 --> 01:41:12,730
I’ve taken Kyoto off the list

1828
01:41:12,740 --> 01:41:16,440
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.

1829
01:41:16,440 --> 01:41:19,210
Also, my wife and I
honeymooned there.

1830
01:41:19,210 --> 01:41:20,710
It’s a magnificent city.

1831
01:41:24,180 --> 01:41:25,950
Let me make this simple
for you, gentlemen.

1832
01:41:25,950 --> 01:41:28,320
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,

1833
01:41:28,320 --> 01:41:32,450
the Japanese people will not
surrender, under any circumstances,

1834
01:41:32,460 --> 01:41:36,690
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.

1835
01:41:36,690 --> 01:41:39,230
Many lives will be lost,
American and Japanese.

1836
01:41:39,230 --> 01:41:43,430
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities will save lives.

1837
01:41:43,430 --> 01:41:47,100
- If we retain moral advantage.
- How so?

1838
01:41:47,100 --> 01:41:49,100
Well, if we use this weapon
without informing our allies,

1839
01:41:49,110 --> 01:41:51,810
they’ll see it as a threat,
and we’ll be in an arms race.

1840
01:41:51,810 --> 01:41:54,280
How open can we be
with the Soviets?

1841
01:41:54,280 --> 01:41:58,580
Secrecy won’t stop the Soviets from
becoming part of the atomic world.

1842
01:41:58,580 --> 01:42:00,450
We’ve been told
they have no uranium.

1843
01:42:00,450 --> 01:42:03,690
You’ve been misinformed. A
Russian bomb is a matter of time.

1844
01:42:03,690 --> 01:42:07,320
The program needs to continue
at full pace after the war.

1845
01:42:07,960 --> 01:42:09,830
Secretary Stimson, if I may,

1846
01:42:09,830 --> 01:42:13,660
not all scientists on the
project are in agreement.

1847
01:42:13,660 --> 01:42:17,400
In fact, this might be a moment to
consider other opinions. If you talk--

1848
01:42:17,400 --> 01:42:20,200
The Manhattan Project
has been plagued from the start

1849
01:42:20,200 --> 01:42:23,770
by certain scientists
of doubtful discretion

1850
01:42:23,770 --> 01:42:25,210
and uncertain loyalty.

1851
01:42:25,210 --> 01:42:27,240
One of them just tried to meet
with the president.

1852
01:42:27,240 --> 01:42:30,380
Now, we need these men,
but as soon as it’s practical,

1853
01:42:30,380 --> 01:42:32,880
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.

1854
01:42:32,880 --> 01:42:34,550
Wouldn’t you agree, Doctor?

1855
01:42:35,790 --> 01:42:38,050
If a Russian bomb is inevitable,

1856
01:42:38,050 --> 01:42:41,160
perhaps we should invite
their top scientists to Trinity?

1857
01:42:41,160 --> 01:42:44,890
President Truman has no
intention of raising expectations

1858
01:42:44,890 --> 01:42:47,700
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.

1859
01:42:47,700 --> 01:42:49,130
Informing him
of our breakthrough

1860
01:42:49,130 --> 01:42:51,330
and presenting it
as a means to win the war

1861
01:42:51,330 --> 01:42:53,040
need not make
unkeepable promises.

1862
01:42:53,040 --> 01:42:55,200
But the Potsdam
peace conference in July

1863
01:42:55,210 --> 01:42:59,110
will be President Truman’s last
chance to have that conversation.

1864
01:42:59,110 --> 01:43:01,380
Can you give us
a working bomb by then?

1865
01:43:02,450 --> 01:43:06,050
Absolutely. We will test
fire before the conference.

1866
01:43:10,520 --> 01:43:15,530
Ground Zero, observation posts at
10,000 yards north, south and west.

1867
01:43:16,960 --> 01:43:18,190
Where do we trigger from?

1868
01:43:18,190 --> 01:43:20,130
South, 10,000.

1869
01:43:20,130 --> 01:43:23,400
And Base Camp
is ten miles south here.

1870
01:43:23,400 --> 01:43:28,440
And there’s a further observation
post on-- on that hill 20 miles away.

1871
01:43:28,910 --> 01:43:31,870
What’s that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.

1872
01:43:31,870 --> 01:43:35,510
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.

1873
01:43:35,510 --> 01:43:37,650
What B-29?
Our bomb’s on the tower.

1874
01:43:37,650 --> 01:43:40,980
They wanna use the test to
confirm a safe operating distance.

1875
01:43:40,980 --> 01:43:43,820
- That’s risky.
- Not as risky as dropping one over Japan

1876
01:43:43,820 --> 01:43:45,850
and hoping that we were right
about the blast radius.

1877
01:43:45,860 --> 01:43:48,060
Don’t let them slow us down.
We’re firing on the 15th.

1878
01:43:48,060 --> 01:43:50,760
The 15th? That’s not--
The 15th.

1879
01:43:52,300 --> 01:43:53,330
The 15th.

1880
01:43:54,500 --> 01:43:56,600
So I’ll be here
at South Observation point

1881
01:43:56,600 --> 01:43:58,900
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.

1882
01:43:58,900 --> 01:44:02,770
You’ll all be assigned
to Base Camp, West Observation,

1883
01:44:02,770 --> 01:44:04,710
or Far Observation.

1884
01:44:14,220 --> 01:44:18,050
Whoa, whoa, whoa! Careful
with the knife. There, carefully.

1885
01:44:19,560 --> 01:44:23,830
- Are those safe distances?
- They’re based on your calculations.

1886
01:44:23,830 --> 01:44:26,730
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.

1887
01:44:50,190 --> 01:44:51,250
Yeah.

1888
01:44:56,460 --> 01:44:58,130
What about the radiation cloud?

1889
01:44:58,130 --> 01:45:01,200
Without high winds, it should
settle within two to three miles.

1890
01:45:01,200 --> 01:45:03,430
Evacuation measures
are in place.

1891
01:45:03,430 --> 01:45:06,740
But we need good weather
for visibility, so it has to be fine.

1892
01:45:07,870 --> 01:45:09,370
Everybody out.

1893
01:45:19,480 --> 01:45:21,280
We go on the night of the 15th.

1894
01:45:21,280 --> 01:45:25,320
It’s a hard deadline, so if
anyone has anything, speak now.

1895
01:45:25,320 --> 01:45:27,520
Little, little more.
Okay, stop, stop.

1896
01:45:27,520 --> 01:45:31,830
Everybody, mattresses.
Put the mattress underneath.

1897
01:45:48,810 --> 01:45:51,650
Could use
a final implosion test.

1898
01:45:53,250 --> 01:45:55,920
- It couldn’t hurt.
- Do it.

1899
01:45:56,890 --> 01:45:59,290
Is there anything else
that might stop us?

1900
01:46:33,960 --> 01:46:35,830
It’s happening, isn’t it?

1901
01:46:37,730 --> 01:46:39,300
I’ll send a message.

1902
01:46:39,860 --> 01:46:41,430
If it’s gone our way...

1903
01:46:42,900 --> 01:46:44,170
take in the sheets.

1904
01:46:48,270 --> 01:46:49,340
Robert.

1905
01:46:52,480 --> 01:46:53,740
Break a leg.

1906
01:47:06,790 --> 01:47:08,020
Okay.

1907
01:47:59,710 --> 01:48:03,080
Oppie’s taken
a very modest three kilotons.

1908
01:48:03,080 --> 01:48:05,550
- Teller’s in with 45.
- Twenty.

1909
01:48:05,550 --> 01:48:07,620
20,000 tons of TNT.

1910
01:48:07,620 --> 01:48:11,320
And does anyone want the side
action on atmospheric ignition?

1911
01:48:13,660 --> 01:48:17,060
- Are you saying we’ll have to delay?
- I’m saying it would be prudent.

1912
01:48:17,060 --> 01:48:19,160
This weather,
has it reached the site?

1913
01:48:24,300 --> 01:48:26,200
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.

1914
01:48:26,200 --> 01:48:29,110
Hello, Hans. Yes, he’s here.

1915
01:48:30,310 --> 01:48:31,340
Yes.

1916
01:48:33,680 --> 01:48:35,440
- Is he wrong?
- No.

1917
01:48:35,440 --> 01:48:37,310
- No?
- No.

1918
01:48:38,080 --> 01:48:40,480
- So we’re about to fire a dud?
- No.

1919
01:48:40,480 --> 01:48:44,050
- Explain.
- Well, I can’t. I just-- I just know.

1920
01:48:44,050 --> 01:48:45,850
I know the implosion lenses
will work.

1921
01:48:45,860 --> 01:48:48,090
If we fire these detonators
and they don’t trigger a reaction,

1922
01:48:48,090 --> 01:48:51,430
two years’ worth of plutonium will
be scattered across White Sands.

1923
01:48:51,430 --> 01:48:55,030
A month of my salary
against ten bucks says it lights.

1924
01:48:55,630 --> 01:48:56,530
Jesus.

1925
01:49:03,510 --> 01:49:05,870
The wind’s picking up
at Zero, not the rain.

1926
01:49:05,880 --> 01:49:07,180
Lightning circling.

1927
01:49:07,180 --> 01:49:08,710
You think it might be time
to tell your men

1928
01:49:08,710 --> 01:49:11,710
to get away from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?

1929
01:49:14,680 --> 01:49:17,450
- Let’s get to South Observation.
- Pull ’em out.

1930
01:49:17,450 --> 01:49:19,990
We can make
our determination there.

1931
01:49:24,690 --> 01:49:26,830
The team
hasn’t slept in two nights.

1932
01:49:26,830 --> 01:49:30,370
If we stand down, make the bomb
safe, we won’t be back here for weeks.

1933
01:49:30,370 --> 01:49:34,200
Then we’ll miss Potsdam. I
gotta get word to Truman by 7:00.

1934
01:49:34,200 --> 01:49:36,240
Our window’s closing.
What is this doing?

1935
01:49:36,240 --> 01:49:37,740
Raining, blowing, lightning.

1936
01:49:37,740 --> 01:49:39,810
- For how long, damn it?
- It’s holdin’ strong.

1937
01:49:39,810 --> 01:49:42,210
It’ll break before dawn.
How could you know that?

1938
01:49:42,210 --> 01:49:44,280
I know this desert.
Storm cools overnight.

1939
01:49:44,280 --> 01:49:46,380
Just before dawn,
the storm breaks.

1940
01:49:46,380 --> 01:49:48,780
He could be right, but
schedule as late as possible.

1941
01:49:48,780 --> 01:49:50,390
5:30.

1942
01:49:50,390 --> 01:49:52,390
Sign your forecast.
If you’re wrong, I’ll hang you.

1943
01:49:52,390 --> 01:49:54,820
- Frank, tell them all, 5:30.
- 5:30.

1944
01:49:54,820 --> 01:49:56,230
5:30.
5:30.

1945
01:49:58,730 --> 01:50:00,530
Three years,

1946
01:50:00,530 --> 01:50:01,860
4,000 people,

1947
01:50:01,860 --> 01:50:03,700
two billion dollars.

1948
01:50:03,700 --> 01:50:06,000
Well, if it doesn’t go off,

1949
01:50:06,000 --> 01:50:07,500
we’re both finished.

1950
01:50:10,170 --> 01:50:12,740
I’m betting on three kilotons.

1951
01:50:12,740 --> 01:50:15,610
Anything less,
they won’t get what it is.

1952
01:50:15,610 --> 01:50:19,150
What did Fermi mean
by "atmospheric ignition"?

1953
01:50:19,150 --> 01:50:20,880
Well, we had a moment
where it looked like

1954
01:50:20,880 --> 01:50:24,590
the chain reaction from an
atomic device might never stop.

1955
01:50:25,220 --> 01:50:27,320
Setting fire to the atmosphere.

1956
01:50:27,320 --> 01:50:30,130
Why is Fermi still
taking side bets on it?

1957
01:50:30,690 --> 01:50:32,700
Call it gallows humor.

1958
01:50:35,130 --> 01:50:40,070
Wait, are we saying there’s a
chance that when we push that button,

1959
01:50:40,070 --> 01:50:41,840
we destroy the world?

1960
01:50:41,840 --> 01:50:45,240
Nothing in our research over
three years supports that conclusion.

1961
01:50:45,240 --> 01:50:48,310
Except as
the most remote possibility.

1962
01:50:49,080 --> 01:50:51,250
- How remote?
- Chances are near zero.

1963
01:50:52,680 --> 01:50:53,720
Near zero.

1964
01:50:54,920 --> 01:50:57,420
What do you want
from theory alone?

1965
01:50:59,060 --> 01:51:01,190
Zero would be nice.

1966
01:51:04,290 --> 01:51:09,300
In exactly one hour,
58 minutes, we’ll know.

1967
01:51:17,110 --> 01:51:18,440
It’s letting up.

1968
01:51:30,990 --> 01:51:33,620
The arming party’s left Zero,
they’re heading this way.

1969
01:51:33,620 --> 01:51:34,790
Throwing the switches.

1970
01:51:34,790 --> 01:51:37,930
Turn the cars.
Ready for emergency evacuation.

1971
01:51:55,480 --> 01:51:57,110
Take your welder’s glass.

1972
01:51:57,110 --> 01:51:59,110
Everybody, take your places.

1973
01:51:59,120 --> 01:52:01,250
Everybody take a welder’s glass!

1974
01:52:02,620 --> 01:52:04,720
Everybody take a welder’s glass.

1975
01:52:56,210 --> 01:52:57,640
Twenty minutes.

1976
01:53:01,410 --> 01:53:02,750
Twenty minutes.

1977
01:53:13,860 --> 01:53:15,360
That’s 20.

1978
01:53:18,290 --> 01:53:20,130
On the leg, please.

1979
01:53:21,260 --> 01:53:23,160
Feynman.
No.

1980
01:53:23,170 --> 01:53:25,970
For your eyes, sir.
The glass stops the UV.

1981
01:53:25,970 --> 01:53:27,740
And what stops the glass?

1982
01:53:29,240 --> 01:53:31,870
I’m gonna head to Base Camp.
Best of luck.

1983
01:53:32,610 --> 01:53:34,210
Robert,

1984
01:53:35,140 --> 01:53:36,750
try not to blow up the world.

1985
01:53:48,420 --> 01:53:49,590
Watch that needle.

1986
01:53:49,590 --> 01:53:51,290
If the detonators don’t charge,

1987
01:53:51,290 --> 01:53:53,230
or the voltage drops
below one volt,

1988
01:53:53,230 --> 01:53:54,900
you hit that button, you abort.

1989
01:53:54,900 --> 01:53:56,630
Understood?

1990
01:53:56,630 --> 01:53:57,830
Understood.

1991
01:54:04,910 --> 01:54:07,410
<i>Two minutes to detonation.</i>

1992
01:54:07,410 --> 01:54:09,210
Everybody down.

1993
01:54:09,210 --> 01:54:13,550
Do not turn around until you
see light reflected on the hills.

1994
01:54:13,550 --> 01:54:16,550
Then look at the explosion
only through your welder’s glass.

1995
01:54:16,550 --> 01:54:18,990
<i>Ninety seconds to detonation.</i>

1996
01:54:20,760 --> 01:54:23,830
<i>Eighty seconds to detonation.</i>

1997
01:54:23,830 --> 01:54:25,390
Is it rubbed in?

1998
01:54:25,960 --> 01:54:27,200
Yeah.

1999
01:54:33,670 --> 01:54:36,840
<i>Sixty seconds to detonation.</i>

2000
01:54:51,450 --> 01:54:53,660
These things
are hard on your heart.

2001
01:54:53,660 --> 01:54:55,290
<i>Thirty seconds.</i>

2002
01:55:00,500 --> 01:55:01,930
Detonator’s charged.

2003
01:55:12,170 --> 01:55:16,540
<i>17, 16, 15...</i>

2004
01:55:16,550 --> 01:55:21,580
<i>14, 13, 12, 11...</i>

2005
01:55:23,690 --> 01:55:24,850
<i>Ten...</i>

2006
01:55:26,160 --> 01:55:28,220
<i>...nine,</i>

2007
01:55:28,220 --> 01:55:29,630
<i>eight...</i>

2008
01:55:30,230 --> 01:55:31,630
<i>seven...</i>

2009
01:55:32,930 --> 01:55:34,400
<i>six...</i>

2010
01:55:35,330 --> 01:55:36,570
<i>five...</i>

2011
01:55:38,400 --> 01:55:39,700
<i>four...</i>

2012
01:55:41,200 --> 01:55:42,570
<i>three...</i>

2013
01:55:43,170 --> 01:55:44,540
<i>two...</i>

2014
01:55:46,010 --> 01:55:47,310
<i>one.</i>

2015
01:57:19,770 --> 01:57:22,340
<i>"And now I am become Death."</i>

2016
01:57:24,570 --> 01:57:26,510
<i>"The destroyer of worlds."</i>

2017
01:57:59,880 --> 01:58:00,910
It worked.

2018
01:58:36,410 --> 01:58:38,410
You owe me ten dollars!
Oh!

2019
01:58:40,550 --> 01:58:41,820
Come on!

2020
01:58:41,820 --> 01:58:44,350
I-- I’m good for it, Kisty.

2021
01:58:44,350 --> 01:58:45,690
You are.

2022
01:58:46,260 --> 01:58:48,390
Yes, you are!

2023
01:59:16,490 --> 01:59:19,050
We did it! Well done.

2024
01:59:24,930 --> 01:59:26,930
Get me Potsdam right away.

2025
01:59:38,110 --> 01:59:40,880
Get a message to Kitty.
We can’t say anything.

2026
01:59:40,880 --> 01:59:42,780
Tell her to take in the sheets.

2027
01:59:57,030 --> 01:59:57,960
Shh.

2028
01:59:57,960 --> 01:59:59,690
- Hello?
<i>- Hi. Kitty?</i>

2029
01:59:59,700 --> 02:00:02,660
What-- What? Charlotte.
Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead.

2030
02:00:02,660 --> 02:00:07,570
<i>Oh, um, well, I don’t know, he just
said to tell you to "bring in the sheets."</i>

2031
02:00:10,270 --> 02:00:11,510
<i>Kitty?</i>

2032
02:00:12,840 --> 02:00:15,640
<i>Kitty? Kitty,
are you still there?</i>

2033
02:00:22,350 --> 02:00:25,620
If they detonate it too high in the
air, the blast won’t be as powerful.

2034
02:00:25,620 --> 02:00:28,020
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,

2035
02:00:28,020 --> 02:00:29,730
we’ll take it from here.

2036
02:00:39,970 --> 02:00:42,940
Did Truman brief Stalin
at Potsdam?

2037
02:00:42,940 --> 02:00:45,610
A brief would be
an overstatement.

2038
02:00:45,610 --> 02:00:49,910
He referred to
a powerful new weapon.

2039
02:00:49,910 --> 02:00:54,950
Stalin hoped we’d use it
against Japan.

2040
02:00:56,180 --> 02:00:57,690
That’s it?

2041
02:00:57,690 --> 02:00:59,620
Robert, we’ve given them an ace,

2042
02:00:59,620 --> 02:01:01,590
it’s for them to play the hand.

2043
02:01:03,360 --> 02:01:05,160
You’re aiming for the 6th?

2044
02:01:05,160 --> 02:01:07,900
Well, it’s up to the CO
in the Pacific.

2045
02:01:09,100 --> 02:01:11,030
Should I come with you
to Washington?

2046
02:01:12,630 --> 02:01:13,970
What for?

2047
02:01:16,140 --> 02:01:18,010
Well, you’ll keep me informed.

2048
02:01:19,240 --> 02:01:20,280
Of course.

2049
02:01:22,440 --> 02:01:23,710
As best I can.

2050
02:01:41,530 --> 02:01:44,700
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?

2051
02:01:45,670 --> 02:01:47,070
I don’t know.

2052
02:01:49,440 --> 02:01:51,470
Have you seen
Szilard’s petition?

2053
02:01:51,470 --> 02:01:54,040
What the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?

2054
02:01:54,040 --> 02:01:55,580
You’re not signing it, are you?

2055
02:01:56,380 --> 02:01:58,980
Many people have.
A lot of people have.

2056
02:01:58,980 --> 02:02:00,180
Edward,

2057
02:02:01,520 --> 02:02:02,920
the fact that we built this bomb

2058
02:02:02,920 --> 02:02:06,020
does not give us any more
right or responsibility

2059
02:02:06,020 --> 02:02:08,260
to decide how it’s used
than anyone else.

2060
02:02:08,260 --> 02:02:10,360
But we’re the only people
who know about it.

2061
02:02:10,360 --> 02:02:13,990
I’ve told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.

2062
02:02:14,000 --> 02:02:15,330
But what’s your opinion?

2063
02:02:16,800 --> 02:02:18,200
Once it’s used...

2064
02:02:19,200 --> 02:02:23,070
nuclear war, perhaps all war...

2065
02:02:24,510 --> 02:02:25,910
becomes unthinkable.

2066
02:02:25,910 --> 02:02:28,880
Until somebody builds
a bigger bomb.

2067
02:02:49,630 --> 02:02:51,330
I thought they would call.

2068
02:02:51,330 --> 02:02:52,970
It’s only the 5th.

2069
02:02:55,140 --> 02:02:57,110
In Japan, it’s the 6th.

2070
02:03:10,120 --> 02:03:11,150
Charlotte.

2071
02:03:13,620 --> 02:03:15,220
Try Groves.

2072
02:03:16,220 --> 02:03:17,260
<i>Anything?</i>

2073
02:03:19,330 --> 02:03:20,800
Charlotte?

2074
02:03:20,800 --> 02:03:22,300
Truman’s on the radio.

2075
02:03:23,230 --> 02:03:25,870
<i>Sixteen hours ago,</i>

2076
02:03:25,870 --> 02:03:30,910
<i>an American airplane dropped
one bomb on Hiroshima...</i>

2077
02:03:33,110 --> 02:03:36,280
<i>...and destroyed
its usefulness to the enemy.</i>

2078
02:03:38,150 --> 02:03:43,180
<i>The bomb had more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.</i>

2079
02:03:46,150 --> 02:03:48,120
<i>It is an atomic bomb.</i>

2080
02:03:50,730 --> 02:03:55,760
<i>It is a harnessing of the
basic power of the universe.</i>

2081
02:03:57,830 --> 02:03:59,070
<i>Groves on one.</i>

2082
02:03:59,070 --> 02:04:00,900
<i>We are now prepared to destroy,</i>

2083
02:04:00,900 --> 02:04:04,340
<i>more rapidly and completely,
the Japanese--</i>

2084
02:04:04,340 --> 02:04:06,210
General?

2085
02:04:06,210 --> 02:04:09,310
<i>I’m very proud of you
and all of your people.</i>

2086
02:04:09,310 --> 02:04:10,780
It went all right?

2087
02:04:10,780 --> 02:04:13,180
<i>Apparently, it went
with a tremendous bang.</i>

2088
02:04:14,250 --> 02:04:18,320
Well, everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.

2089
02:04:20,020 --> 02:04:21,560
It’s been a long road.

2090
02:04:21,560 --> 02:04:24,160
<i>I think one of the
wisest things I ever did</i>

2091
02:04:24,160 --> 02:04:26,830
<i>was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.</i>

2092
02:04:29,530 --> 02:04:33,600
<i>We have spent
more than two billion dollars</i>

2093
02:04:33,600 --> 02:04:37,610
<i>on the greatest scientific
gamble in history,</i>

2094
02:04:38,140 --> 02:04:40,280
<i>and we have won.</i>

2095
02:04:44,710 --> 02:04:48,180
Oppie! Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie!

2096
02:04:48,180 --> 02:04:56,180
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!

2097
02:06:08,430 --> 02:06:09,600
The world...

2098
02:06:11,270 --> 02:06:12,670
will remember this day.

2099
02:06:31,990 --> 02:06:33,850
It’s too soon to--

2100
02:06:33,860 --> 02:06:38,130
It’s too soon to determine what
the results of the bombing are.

2101
02:06:40,760 --> 02:06:42,830
But I’ll bet
the Japanese didn’t like it.

2102
02:07:03,720 --> 02:07:05,390
I’m so proud.

2103
02:07:06,220 --> 02:07:08,190
So proud of
what you have accomplished.

2104
02:07:15,700 --> 02:07:18,600
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.

2105
02:09:08,340 --> 02:09:10,040
Dr. Oppenheimer?

2106
02:09:10,910 --> 02:09:12,080
Dr. Oppenheimer?

2107
02:09:12,080 --> 02:09:14,350
Nice picture.

2108
02:09:15,050 --> 02:09:17,050
President Truman
will see you now.

2109
02:09:31,070 --> 02:09:33,900
Dr. Oppenheimer.
It’s an honor.

2110
02:09:33,900 --> 02:09:35,870
Mr. President. Please.

2111
02:09:35,870 --> 02:09:37,240
Thank you.

2112
02:09:37,740 --> 02:09:39,070
Secretary Byrnes.

2113
02:09:41,180 --> 02:09:44,380
How’s it feel to be the most
famous man in the world?

2114
02:09:45,250 --> 02:09:48,480
You helped save
a lot of American lives.

2115
02:09:48,480 --> 02:09:52,650
What we did at Hiroshima
was a-- And Nagasaki.

2116
02:09:53,820 --> 02:09:55,690
Well, obviously.

2117
02:09:55,690 --> 02:09:59,030
Your invention
let us bring our boys home.

2118
02:09:59,030 --> 02:10:01,200
Well, it was hardly...

2119
02:10:01,200 --> 02:10:02,400
my invention.

2120
02:10:02,400 --> 02:10:04,430
It was you on the cover of <i>Time.</i>

2121
02:10:07,270 --> 02:10:10,870
Jim tells me you’re concerned
about an arms race with the Soviets.

2122
02:10:10,870 --> 02:10:12,540
Oh, yes, uh...

2123
02:10:13,980 --> 02:10:15,240
Well, um...

2124
02:10:15,240 --> 02:10:16,580
It’s that, uh,

2125
02:10:16,580 --> 02:10:20,580
now is our chance to secure...

2126
02:10:20,580 --> 02:10:23,520
international cooperation on...
...atomic energy

2127
02:10:23,520 --> 02:10:25,720
a-a-and I’m concerned--

2128
02:10:25,720 --> 02:10:28,690
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?

2129
02:10:28,690 --> 02:10:30,820
I don’t think
I could give a precise--

2130
02:10:30,830 --> 02:10:32,290
Never.

2131
02:10:32,930 --> 02:10:34,390
Never.

2132
02:10:34,400 --> 02:10:37,700
Mr. President, the Russians
have good physicists

2133
02:10:37,700 --> 02:10:40,400
a-a-and abundant resources.
Abundant?

2134
02:10:40,400 --> 02:10:41,670
Yes.

2135
02:10:42,340 --> 02:10:44,300
I don’t think so.

2136
02:10:44,310 --> 02:10:48,210
Well, they’ll put everything
they have in...

2137
02:10:51,650 --> 02:10:56,480
I hear you’re leaving
Los Alamos.

2138
02:10:56,480 --> 02:10:57,950
What should we do with it?

2139
02:10:57,950 --> 02:11:00,320
Give it back to the Indians.

2140
02:11:07,830 --> 02:11:10,860
Um, Dr. Oppenheimer,

2141
02:11:10,870 --> 02:11:14,030
if what you say
about the Soviets is true,

2142
02:11:14,040 --> 02:11:18,570
we have to build up Los Alamos,
not shut it down.

2143
02:11:22,110 --> 02:11:23,810
Mr. President...

2144
02:11:24,950 --> 02:11:26,280
Um...

2145
02:11:29,120 --> 02:11:32,920
I feel that I have
blood on my hands.

2146
02:11:52,470 --> 02:11:57,480
You think anyone
in Hiroshima or Nagasaki

2147
02:11:57,750 --> 02:12:00,920
gives a shit who built the bomb?

2148
02:12:04,150 --> 02:12:06,690
They care who dropped it.

2149
02:12:07,290 --> 02:12:08,520
I did.

2150
02:12:11,230 --> 02:12:13,830
Hiroshima isn’t about you.

2151
02:12:20,170 --> 02:12:21,640
Dr. Oppenheimer.

2152
02:12:32,910 --> 02:12:35,520
Don’t let that crybaby
back in here.

2153
02:12:40,790 --> 02:12:43,860
<i>Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.</i>

2154
02:12:43,860 --> 02:12:46,930
<i>By the time I met him,
he’d fully embraced</i>

2155
02:12:46,930 --> 02:12:49,760
<i>his "father of the bomb"
reputation.</i>

2156
02:12:49,760 --> 02:12:52,300
And he used his profile
to influence policy.

2157
02:13:00,980 --> 02:13:03,040
<i>Doctor, in the years
following the war,</i>

2158
02:13:03,040 --> 02:13:05,380
would you say that
you exerted a great influence

2159
02:13:05,380 --> 02:13:07,150
on the atomic policies
of the USA?

2160
02:13:07,150 --> 02:13:09,850
<i>I think "great" would be
an overstatement.</i>

2161
02:13:09,850 --> 02:13:12,090
Really?
If we look at the issue of isotopes,

2162
02:13:12,090 --> 02:13:15,560
were you not personally responsible for
destroying all opposition to their export?

2163
02:13:15,560 --> 02:13:18,160
You could use
a bottle of beer...

2164
02:13:18,160 --> 02:13:19,360
...when making atomic weapons.

2165
02:13:19,360 --> 02:13:20,430
In fact, you do.

2166
02:13:20,430 --> 02:13:21,800
I was the spokesman,

2167
02:13:21,800 --> 02:13:24,260
but the opinion among scientists
was unanimous.

2168
02:13:24,270 --> 02:13:27,770
All along with McCarthy on the
rise, he knew he was vulnerable.

2169
02:13:28,500 --> 02:13:29,700
His brother was blacklisted

2170
02:13:29,700 --> 02:13:32,440
by every university
in the country.

2171
02:13:33,610 --> 02:13:36,940
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.

2172
02:13:38,480 --> 02:13:40,920
And Chevalier went into exile.

2173
02:13:42,550 --> 02:13:46,490
But none of that stopped Robert
from pushing the GAC

2174
02:13:46,490 --> 02:13:49,090
to recommend arms control
instead of the H-bomb.

2175
02:13:51,130 --> 02:13:54,760
He was devastated when Truman
rejected their recommendation.

2176
02:13:56,630 --> 02:13:58,400
I miss Richard
more than I can bear.

2177
02:13:58,400 --> 02:14:00,270
I know, Ruth, I know.

2178
02:14:00,270 --> 02:14:03,970
Part of me’s glad he didn’t
live to see where this is all going.

2179
02:14:06,770 --> 02:14:09,810
Here comes the birthday boy.
To gloat.

2180
02:14:09,810 --> 02:14:10,880
Have fun.

2181
02:14:11,780 --> 02:14:13,780
Robert, uh,
my son and his fiancée

2182
02:14:13,780 --> 02:14:16,320
are desperate to meet the father
of the atomic bomb, and so...

2183
02:14:16,320 --> 02:14:18,650
Well... good day.

2184
02:14:25,460 --> 02:14:27,260
Is this a bad time?

2185
02:14:27,260 --> 02:14:28,730
What do you think, Lewis?

2186
02:14:28,730 --> 02:14:31,400
Well, I think it must
have been a blow for you.

2187
02:14:31,400 --> 02:14:32,700
For the world.

2188
02:14:33,970 --> 02:14:37,410
The world? What does Fuchs
mean to the rest of the world?

2189
02:14:38,810 --> 02:14:40,170
Fuchs?

2190
02:14:40,170 --> 02:14:41,740
Klaus Fuchs?

2191
02:14:43,240 --> 02:14:45,650
Oh, dear. You haven’t heard.

2192
02:14:48,580 --> 02:14:50,650
Klaus Fuchs,
the British scientist

2193
02:14:50,650 --> 02:14:53,690
that you put onto the
implosion team at Los Alamos,

2194
02:14:53,690 --> 02:14:58,730
turns out he was spying for
the Soviets the whole time.

2195
02:14:59,290 --> 02:15:00,700
I’m sorry.

2196
02:15:06,000 --> 02:15:08,870
<i>After the truth
about Fuchs came out,</i>

2197
02:15:08,870 --> 02:15:11,140
the FBI stepped up
surveillance on him.

2198
02:15:11,140 --> 02:15:13,670
He knew his phone was tapped,

2199
02:15:13,670 --> 02:15:15,740
he was followed everywhere,

2200
02:15:16,380 --> 02:15:18,110
his trash picked through.

2201
02:15:21,050 --> 02:15:25,250
- But never stopped speaking his mind.
- A man of conviction.

2202
02:15:25,250 --> 02:15:28,660
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.

2203
02:15:30,630 --> 02:15:33,760
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.

2204
02:15:34,630 --> 02:15:36,300
He took it.

2205
02:15:36,300 --> 02:15:41,340
America and Russia may be
likened to two scorpions in a bottle,

2206
02:15:42,870 --> 02:15:46,440
each capable
of killing the other,

2207
02:15:46,440 --> 02:15:49,110
but only at the risk
of his own life.

2208
02:15:49,110 --> 02:15:51,880
Now, there are various aspects
of this policy--

2209
02:15:51,880 --> 02:15:53,980
<i>Lot of scientists blame me,</i>

2210
02:15:53,980 --> 02:15:56,950
<i>but how was I supposed
to protect him?</i>

2211
02:15:56,950 --> 02:16:00,350
...are too secret for discussion,
candor is the only remedy.

2212
02:16:00,350 --> 02:16:04,290
Officials in Washington need to
start leveling with the American people.

2213
02:16:05,930 --> 02:16:08,730
That was the last straw
for Robert’s enemies.

2214
02:16:08,730 --> 02:16:10,800
So he had to lose
his security clearance?

2215
02:16:10,800 --> 02:16:13,530
And with it, his credibility.

2216
02:16:13,530 --> 02:16:15,600
But how could they do it?

2217
02:16:15,600 --> 02:16:19,140
He was a war hero. He’d already
told everyone about his past.

2218
02:16:19,140 --> 02:16:21,170
Borden dredged it all up.

2219
02:16:21,180 --> 02:16:24,380
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer’s FBI file?

2220
02:16:24,380 --> 02:16:28,480
Could it have been Nichols?
No, I can’t imagine he’d do that.

2221
02:16:28,480 --> 02:16:30,350
But whoever did
unleashed a firestorm

2222
02:16:30,350 --> 02:16:35,390
that burned a path from the White
House back to my desk at the AEC.

2223
02:16:35,490 --> 02:16:37,220
You see him in there, right?

2224
02:16:37,990 --> 02:16:40,830
I’ve worked
my whole life to get here,

2225
02:16:40,830 --> 02:16:42,860
Cabinet of
the United States of America,

2226
02:16:42,860 --> 02:16:46,970
and now, in front of the entire country,
they’re gonna put me back in my place.

2227
02:16:48,600 --> 02:16:50,870
A lowly shoe salesman.

2228
02:16:50,870 --> 02:16:53,040
Lewis, we can win this thing.

2229
02:16:53,040 --> 02:16:56,380
I-I think we can get the Senate
to grasp that you did your duty,

2230
02:16:56,380 --> 02:16:58,080
painful though it was.

2231
02:16:58,080 --> 02:17:00,380
Now, will Hill’s testimony
back us up? Hill will be fine.

2232
02:17:00,380 --> 02:17:03,950
I don’t really know him, but he
was one of Szilard’s boys in Chicago,

2233
02:17:03,950 --> 02:17:05,450
and they never forgave Robert

2234
02:17:05,450 --> 02:17:08,120
for not supporting the petition
against bombing Japan.

2235
02:17:09,390 --> 02:17:13,360
This was taken
31 days after the bombing.

2236
02:17:13,360 --> 02:17:18,400
Virtually everyone in the
street for nearly a mile around

2237
02:17:18,600 --> 02:17:21,770
was instantly
and seriously burned.

2238
02:17:23,500 --> 02:17:27,770
The Japanese spoke of people
who wore striped clothing

2239
02:17:27,780 --> 02:17:30,750
upon whom the skin
was burned in stripes.

2240
02:17:31,650 --> 02:17:34,110
There were many
who thought themselves lucky,

2241
02:17:34,120 --> 02:17:38,290
who climbed out of the ruins of
their homes, only slightly injured.

2242
02:17:39,850 --> 02:17:41,990
But they died anyway.

2243
02:17:41,990 --> 02:17:46,560
They died days or weeks later
from the radium-like rays

2244
02:17:46,560 --> 02:17:50,930
emitted in great numbers
at the moment of the explosion.

2245
02:17:51,970 --> 02:17:54,070
Did you read
this crap in the papers?

2246
02:17:54,070 --> 02:17:56,140
A British physicist is saying

2247
02:17:56,140 --> 02:17:59,140
the atomic bombings were
not the last act of World War II,

2248
02:17:59,140 --> 02:18:02,310
but the first act
of this cold war with Russia.

2249
02:18:02,310 --> 02:18:03,710
Which physicist?

2250
02:18:03,710 --> 02:18:06,710
I think you knew him.
Patrick Blackett.

2251
02:18:09,350 --> 02:18:10,820
He may not be wrong.

2252
02:18:10,820 --> 02:18:12,250
Stimson is now telling me

2253
02:18:12,250 --> 02:18:15,660
we bombed an enemy
that was essentially defeated.

2254
02:18:15,660 --> 02:18:18,330
Robert, you’ve
all the influence now.

2255
02:18:19,160 --> 02:18:20,430
Please.

2256
02:18:20,430 --> 02:18:22,930
Urge them to continue
my research on the Super.

2257
02:18:22,930 --> 02:18:25,300
I neither can nor will, Edward.

2258
02:18:25,300 --> 02:18:26,670
Why not?

2259
02:18:26,670 --> 02:18:28,670
It’s not the right use
of our resources.

2260
02:18:28,670 --> 02:18:30,200
Is that what you really believe?

2261
02:18:30,200 --> 02:18:35,210
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Sphinx-like guru of the atom.

2262
02:18:36,440 --> 02:18:38,180
Nobody knows what you believe.

2263
02:18:39,310 --> 02:18:41,310
Do you? Hmm?

2264
02:18:41,320 --> 02:18:43,950
<i>One final time,
our program director,</i>

2265
02:18:43,950 --> 02:18:45,950
<i>Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.</i>

2266
02:18:47,250 --> 02:18:49,460
I hope that, in years to come,

2267
02:18:49,460 --> 02:18:52,730
you will look back on your work
here with pride.

2268
02:18:52,730 --> 02:18:57,430
But today that pride must be
tempered with a profound concern.

2269
02:18:58,870 --> 02:19:03,300
If atomic weapons are to be added
to the arsenals of a warring world,

2270
02:19:03,300 --> 02:19:08,340
then the day will come when people
will curse the name of Los Alamos.

2271
02:19:12,750 --> 02:19:15,650
Sorry, Admiral.
Stopped off to get this.

2272
02:19:16,550 --> 02:19:19,120
It seems pretty favorable.

2273
02:19:19,120 --> 02:19:21,760
There’s Oppenheimer.
What’s the caption?

2274
02:19:21,760 --> 02:19:24,860
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer,
Strauss fought...

2275
02:19:26,490 --> 02:19:27,930
and the US won."

2276
02:19:28,830 --> 02:19:30,100
That’ll work.

2277
02:19:30,100 --> 02:19:32,430
Those were your words
from the other day.

2278
02:19:32,430 --> 02:19:34,100
We needed to pivot.

2279
02:19:34,100 --> 02:19:36,900
But how would you know what
<i>Time</i> magazine’s gonna write?

2280
02:19:36,900 --> 02:19:39,210
Henry Luce is a friend.

2281
02:19:46,380 --> 02:19:49,320
You sat here and let
me tell you how it’s done,

2282
02:19:49,320 --> 02:19:51,680
but you’ve been far ahead
all along.

2283
02:19:51,690 --> 02:19:54,850
Survival in Washington

2284
02:19:54,860 --> 02:19:57,290
is about knowing
how to get things done.

2285
02:19:57,660 --> 02:19:58,890
Right.

2286
02:20:00,760 --> 02:20:02,460
What was it you said
about Borden?

2287
02:20:02,460 --> 02:20:05,000
"Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?"

2288
02:20:06,670 --> 02:20:10,140
I’m beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.

2289
02:20:12,140 --> 02:20:16,710
It’s gonna come down to how much influence
Borden’s been able to exert on Teller.

2290
02:20:17,910 --> 02:20:19,710
Did I say something funny?

2291
02:20:19,710 --> 02:20:23,880
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden"
when we all know that it’s Strauss.

2292
02:20:23,880 --> 02:20:26,320
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.

2293
02:20:26,320 --> 02:20:29,160
And then you humiliated him
in front of Congress.

2294
02:20:29,160 --> 02:20:32,030
But more useful than a sandwich.

2295
02:20:35,000 --> 02:20:36,230
How’d I do?

2296
02:20:37,200 --> 02:20:39,070
Maybe a little too well, Robert.

2297
02:20:39,070 --> 02:20:40,570
That was six years ago.

2298
02:20:40,570 --> 02:20:44,270
You know the truly vindictive,
patient as saints.

2299
02:20:44,270 --> 02:20:47,070
Strauss has been perfectly clear
that he is neutral.

2300
02:20:47,070 --> 02:20:50,510
Wake up! It is Strauss!

2301
02:20:50,510 --> 02:20:53,750
It’s always been Strauss,
and you know it.

2302
02:20:53,750 --> 02:20:55,520
Why won’t you fight him?

2303
02:20:56,050 --> 02:20:57,280
Christ’s sake.

2304
02:20:58,490 --> 02:21:02,360
It wasn’t Nichols, or Hoover,
or one of Truman’s guys.

2305
02:21:02,360 --> 02:21:04,920
It was you.
You gave the file to Borden.

2306
02:21:04,930 --> 02:21:07,230
You set him on Oppenheimer.
You convinced him to--

2307
02:21:07,230 --> 02:21:11,830
Borden didn’t take
any convincing.

2308
02:21:11,830 --> 02:21:13,570
Take your time,
use the entire file.

2309
02:21:13,570 --> 02:21:15,900
Write up your conclusions,
send them to the FBI.

2310
02:21:15,900 --> 02:21:20,440
The material is obviously extensive,
but there’s nothing new here.

2311
02:21:20,440 --> 02:21:22,780
Your conclusions will be.

2312
02:21:22,780 --> 02:21:24,880
And they’ll have to be answered.

2313
02:21:24,880 --> 02:21:26,550
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?

2314
02:21:26,550 --> 02:21:29,920
Oppenheimer’s too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.

2315
02:21:29,920 --> 02:21:33,020
I’ve talked it over with Hoover,
he’ll hold McCarthy at bay

2316
02:21:33,020 --> 02:21:34,820
while you do this with the AEC.

2317
02:21:34,820 --> 02:21:35,990
A trial.

2318
02:21:35,990 --> 02:21:37,290
No. No trial.

2319
02:21:37,290 --> 02:21:40,160
You can’t give Oppenheimer
a platform.

2320
02:21:40,160 --> 02:21:41,900
You can’t martyr him.

2321
02:21:41,900 --> 02:21:45,370
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer’s credibility

2322
02:21:45,370 --> 02:21:49,100
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.

2323
02:21:49,700 --> 02:21:50,940
Then what?

2324
02:21:52,240 --> 02:21:55,710
A shabby little room,
far from the limelight.

2325
02:22:01,320 --> 02:22:03,380
<i>A simple,
bureaucratic procedure.</i>

2326
02:22:03,380 --> 02:22:05,920
His Q clearance
is up for renewal.

2327
02:22:05,920 --> 02:22:08,890
You send your accusations
to the FBI...

2328
02:22:10,690 --> 02:22:13,990
Hoover sends them to the AEC,
you’re forced to act.

2329
02:22:13,990 --> 02:22:16,030
You write up an indictment.

2330
02:22:16,030 --> 02:22:20,270
<i>You tell Oppenheimer his security
clearance is not being renewed.</i>

2331
02:22:20,270 --> 02:22:22,300
<i>But offer him
the chance to appeal.</i>

2332
02:22:22,300 --> 02:22:24,800
As you can see, Robert,
it’s not yet signed.

2333
02:22:24,810 --> 02:22:26,940
May I keep this?
No.

2334
02:22:26,940 --> 02:22:30,980
If you do decide to appeal,
they’ll have to send you a copy.

2335
02:22:30,980 --> 02:22:34,750
When he appeals,
and trust me, he will,

2336
02:22:34,750 --> 02:22:36,820
I appoint a board.

2337
02:22:36,820 --> 02:22:39,450
They will, of course,
have counsel.

2338
02:22:39,450 --> 02:22:41,450
- Prosecutor?
- In all but name.

2339
02:22:41,460 --> 02:22:43,460
Who?
Roger Robb.

2340
02:22:43,460 --> 02:22:45,060
Ouch.

2341
02:22:45,060 --> 02:22:47,760
Robb will have security clearance
to examine Oppenheimer’s file.

2342
02:22:47,760 --> 02:22:49,100
<i>As will the Gray board.</i>

2343
02:22:49,100 --> 02:22:50,560
Defense counsel will not.

2344
02:22:51,570 --> 02:22:53,130
A closed hearing.

2345
02:22:53,130 --> 02:22:57,240
"The so-called and derogatory
information in your indictment of me..."

2346
02:22:57,240 --> 02:23:01,140
No audience. No reporters.
No burden of proof.

2347
02:23:01,610 --> 02:23:03,210
No burden of proof?

2348
02:23:04,680 --> 02:23:06,050
We’re not convicting.

2349
02:23:06,880 --> 02:23:08,620
We’re just denying.

2350
02:23:14,220 --> 02:23:17,060
What is it you said?

2351
02:23:17,060 --> 02:23:20,590
"This is just how
the game is played."

2352
02:23:21,130 --> 02:23:23,430
Well, forgive my naivete.

2353
02:23:23,430 --> 02:23:27,430
Amateurs seek the sun...
get eaten.

2354
02:23:28,670 --> 02:23:31,540
Power stays in the shadows.

2355
02:23:31,540 --> 02:23:34,570
But, sir, you’re out
of the shadows now.

2356
02:23:34,580 --> 02:23:36,810
Yeah, that’s why
this has to work.

2357
02:23:36,810 --> 02:23:38,210
Well...

2358
02:23:39,550 --> 02:23:42,520
Teller’s testifying
this morning. That’ll help.

2359
02:23:42,520 --> 02:23:43,980
And then...

2360
02:23:43,980 --> 02:23:45,350
Hill is in the afternoon.

2361
02:23:45,350 --> 02:23:47,320
Hill is gonna help us too.

2362
02:23:49,960 --> 02:23:53,360
As you can see,
Robert, it’s not yet signed.

2363
02:23:53,360 --> 02:23:55,360
- May I keep this?
- No.

2364
02:23:57,530 --> 02:24:02,540
If you do decide to appeal, then
they’ll have to send you a copy.

2365
02:24:06,040 --> 02:24:08,340
Take my car and driver.
I insist.

2366
02:24:13,010 --> 02:24:15,010
I’ll have to
consult my lawyers, Lewis.

2367
02:24:15,020 --> 02:24:17,850
Of course.
But don’t take too long.

2368
02:24:17,850 --> 02:24:20,150
I can’t keep Nichols at bay.

2369
02:24:26,130 --> 02:24:28,330
I’m sorry it’s come
to this, Robert.

2370
02:24:28,330 --> 02:24:30,160
I think it’s wrong.

2371
02:24:42,580 --> 02:24:46,380
<i>Nichols wants me to fight so
he can get it all on the record.</i>

2372
02:24:46,380 --> 02:24:48,310
Strauss wants me to walk away.

2373
02:24:48,320 --> 02:24:53,350
Strauss knows that you can’t do
that. You’d be accepting the charges.

2374
02:24:53,750 --> 02:24:55,250
You’ll lose your job.

2375
02:24:55,260 --> 02:24:58,220
You will lose your reputation.
We’ll lose our house.

2376
02:24:58,230 --> 02:25:00,230
Robert, we have to fight.

2377
02:25:02,860 --> 02:25:06,870
As AEC counsel, I can’t represent
you. I’ll call Lloyd Garrison.

2378
02:25:06,870 --> 02:25:09,700
- He’s good.
- The best, but...

2379
02:25:10,670 --> 02:25:12,010
I have to warn you,

2380
02:25:12,870 --> 02:25:15,370
this won’t be a fair fight.

2381
02:25:15,380 --> 02:25:18,080
During your interview
with Boris Pash in 1943,

2382
02:25:18,080 --> 02:25:19,650
did you refer to microfilm?

2383
02:25:19,650 --> 02:25:22,850
- No.
- Tab 11, page one, paragraph three.

2384
02:25:22,850 --> 02:25:26,450
You never said, "Man of the
consulate expert in the use of microfilm."

2385
02:25:26,450 --> 02:25:28,090
- I’m sorry.
- No.

2386
02:25:28,090 --> 02:25:30,320
I would like to know what
document Mr. Robb is quoting from

2387
02:25:30,320 --> 02:25:31,790
and if we might
be furnished with a copy.

2388
02:25:31,790 --> 02:25:33,690
The document is classified,
Mr. Garrison.

2389
02:25:33,690 --> 02:25:36,100
I think we should get back
to firsthand information.

2390
02:25:36,100 --> 02:25:39,100
- This is firsthand.
- How so, Roger?

2391
02:25:40,630 --> 02:25:42,370
There was a recording
of the interview.

2392
02:25:46,770 --> 02:25:49,740
You let my client sit here
and potentially perjure himself

2393
02:25:49,740 --> 02:25:52,180
and all this time,
you had a recording?

2394
02:25:52,180 --> 02:25:55,150
Nobody told your client to
misrepresent his former answers.

2395
02:25:55,150 --> 02:25:57,320
Misrepres-- It was 12 years ago.

2396
02:25:57,320 --> 02:25:58,720
Can we hear this recording?

2397
02:25:58,720 --> 02:26:00,590
You don’t have the clearance,
Mr. Garrison.

2398
02:26:00,590 --> 02:26:03,060
- But you’re reading it into the record.
- Please, please.

2399
02:26:03,060 --> 02:26:06,990
Is this proceeding interested
in entrapment or in truth?

2400
02:26:06,990 --> 02:26:10,930
If it’s truth, where’s the
disclosure? Where’s the witness list?

2401
02:26:10,930 --> 02:26:13,770
Mr. Garrison, this isn’t a
trial, as you’re well aware.

2402
02:26:13,770 --> 02:26:18,170
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
We are dealing with national security.

2403
02:26:18,170 --> 02:26:19,840
Yes, sir, with all due respect,

2404
02:26:19,840 --> 02:26:22,780
I fail to see how national
security prevents the prosecution

2405
02:26:22,780 --> 02:26:24,340
from providing us
a list of witnesses.

2406
02:26:24,340 --> 02:26:26,110
Perhaps we are in need
of a brief recess.

2407
02:26:26,110 --> 02:26:27,910
Gentlemen, you have my words.

2408
02:26:27,920 --> 02:26:30,820
If you say they’re from a
transcript, then I’ll accept it.

2409
02:26:30,820 --> 02:26:33,650
I’ve already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.

2410
02:26:33,650 --> 02:26:36,990
But why would anyone
make up such an elaborate story?

2411
02:26:36,990 --> 02:26:38,630
Because I was an idiot.

2412
02:26:39,160 --> 02:26:41,030
Why lie?

2413
02:26:41,030 --> 02:26:44,700
Well, clearly with the intention of not
revealing who the intermediary was.

2414
02:26:44,700 --> 02:26:47,400
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the communist?

2415
02:26:47,400 --> 02:26:48,870
Is he still your friend?

2416
02:26:49,840 --> 02:26:51,100
Yes.

2417
02:26:53,870 --> 02:26:56,210
Dr. Rabi,
thank you for coming.

2418
02:26:56,210 --> 02:26:58,110
Do you know who else
the prosecution has called?

2419
02:26:58,110 --> 02:27:00,450
Teller, obviously.

2420
02:27:01,320 --> 02:27:03,620
- They’ve asked Lawrence.
- What did he say?

2421
02:27:03,620 --> 02:27:06,920
- He wasn’t going to help them, but...
- But?

2422
02:27:06,920 --> 02:27:11,960
Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman
have been having an affair for years.

2423
02:27:11,960 --> 02:27:14,530
The whole time
you lived with them in Pasadena.

2424
02:27:14,530 --> 02:27:18,100
He convinced Lawrence that
Richard died of a broken heart.

2425
02:27:18,100 --> 02:27:20,030
- That’s absurd.
- What part?

2426
02:27:20,030 --> 02:27:21,770
The broken heart.

2427
02:27:21,770 --> 02:27:23,240
Richard never found out.

2428
02:27:24,300 --> 02:27:25,810
Is Lawrence gonna testify?

2429
02:27:25,810 --> 02:27:27,440
I don’t know.

2430
02:27:27,440 --> 02:27:32,280
Dr. Rabi, what governmental
positions do you currently hold?

2431
02:27:32,280 --> 02:27:36,450
I am the chairman of the General
Advisory Committee to the AEC,

2432
02:27:36,450 --> 02:27:38,350
succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer.

2433
02:27:38,350 --> 02:27:40,720
And how long have you known
Dr. Oppenheimer?

2434
02:27:41,260 --> 02:27:43,490
Since 1928. I...

2435
02:27:43,490 --> 02:27:45,220
I know him quite well.

2436
02:27:45,230 --> 02:27:49,660
Well enough to speak to the
bearing of his loyalty and character?

2437
02:27:49,660 --> 02:27:53,700
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.

2438
02:27:53,700 --> 02:27:57,570
And he is loyal to the
United States, to his friends,

2439
02:27:57,570 --> 02:28:00,240
to the institutions
of which he is part.

2440
02:28:01,880 --> 02:28:03,310
Eat.

2441
02:28:21,900 --> 02:28:24,530
- What was that?
- Nothing to worry about.

2442
02:28:27,900 --> 02:28:29,600
<i>After the Russian A-bomb test,</i>

2443
02:28:29,600 --> 02:28:32,240
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?

2444
02:28:32,240 --> 02:28:33,970
You’d be better off asking him.

2445
02:28:33,970 --> 02:28:36,080
Well, I fully intend to.

2446
02:28:36,080 --> 02:28:40,280
Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer
was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb?

2447
02:28:40,280 --> 02:28:43,150
No, he thought
that a fusion program

2448
02:28:43,150 --> 02:28:46,220
would come at the expense of
our awfully good fission program.

2449
02:28:46,220 --> 02:28:47,820
But that proved
not to be the case.

2450
02:28:47,820 --> 02:28:50,020
In the event,
both could be done.

2451
02:28:50,020 --> 02:28:52,830
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied that,

2452
02:28:52,830 --> 02:28:56,830
in his testimony here,
Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful.

2453
02:28:56,830 --> 02:28:59,230
What would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?

2454
02:28:59,230 --> 02:29:01,530
Why go through all this
against a man

2455
02:29:01,540 --> 02:29:03,840
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?

2456
02:29:03,840 --> 02:29:05,340
Look at his record.

2457
02:29:05,340 --> 02:29:07,610
We have an A-bomb
and a whole series of it.

2458
02:29:07,610 --> 02:29:09,540
We have a whole series
of Super bombs.

2459
02:29:09,540 --> 02:29:12,410
What more do you want?
Mermaids?

2460
02:29:12,410 --> 02:29:16,150
<i>But I’ve known Secretary
Strauss for many years,</i>

2461
02:29:16,150 --> 02:29:19,790
and I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support

2462
02:29:19,790 --> 02:29:22,190
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.

2463
02:29:22,190 --> 02:29:25,160
We’ll break now, unless
there’s any immediate business.

2464
02:29:25,160 --> 02:29:28,060
Senator, I’d like to
once again request

2465
02:29:28,060 --> 02:29:31,100
that we’re furnished
with a list of witnesses.

2466
02:29:31,100 --> 02:29:32,730
And I will remind the nominee

2467
02:29:32,730 --> 02:29:35,500
that we don’t always have
that information in advance.

2468
02:29:35,500 --> 02:29:38,640
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.

2469
02:29:38,640 --> 02:29:41,510
Mr. Chairman, our next
scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence,

2470
02:29:41,510 --> 02:29:44,610
has apparently
come down with colitis.

2471
02:29:47,650 --> 02:29:49,720
So we’ll proceed
with William Borden instead.

2472
02:29:50,920 --> 02:29:53,590
Mr. Borden, welcome.
Please take a seat.

2473
02:29:54,990 --> 02:29:59,790
Mr. Borden, during your
investigation into Dr. Oppenheimer,

2474
02:29:59,790 --> 02:30:02,830
- did you reach certain conclusions?
- I did.

2475
02:30:02,830 --> 02:30:05,360
And did there come a time when
you expressed those conclusions

2476
02:30:05,370 --> 02:30:08,970
in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation?

2477
02:30:08,970 --> 02:30:11,270
- That is correct.
- Prior to the writing of the letter,

2478
02:30:11,270 --> 02:30:13,770
did you discuss the writing of
the letter with anybody attached

2479
02:30:13,770 --> 02:30:15,570
to the Atomic Energy Commission?

2480
02:30:15,580 --> 02:30:17,980
- I did not.
- Do you have a copy of the letter?

2481
02:30:17,980 --> 02:30:19,180
I have one in front of me.

2482
02:30:19,180 --> 02:30:21,850
Would you please be so kind
as to read it, sir?

2483
02:30:21,850 --> 02:30:24,780
"Dear Mr. Hoover, the
purpose of this letter is to state--"

2484
02:30:24,790 --> 02:30:27,490
I’m sorry, I’m sorry,
if I could have a--

2485
02:30:27,490 --> 02:30:30,960
What is the purpose of the delay?
He’s simply gonna read the letter.

2486
02:30:30,960 --> 02:30:34,430
Mr. Chairman, this is the
first I’ve seen of this letter,

2487
02:30:34,430 --> 02:30:37,030
and I see statements here,
at least one,

2488
02:30:37,030 --> 02:30:39,930
of a kind that I don’t think anyone
would like to see go into the record.

2489
02:30:39,930 --> 02:30:42,670
These are accusations that
have not previously been made.

2490
02:30:42,670 --> 02:30:44,640
That are not part of
the indictment from Nichols.

2491
02:30:44,640 --> 02:30:46,970
Accusations of a kind
that I don’t think belong here.

2492
02:30:46,970 --> 02:30:49,110
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,

2493
02:30:49,110 --> 02:30:51,610
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.

2494
02:30:51,610 --> 02:30:53,350
His conclusions
are valid testimony,

2495
02:30:53,350 --> 02:30:56,880
just like the positive conclusions
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.

2496
02:30:56,880 --> 02:30:58,250
It cuts both ways.

2497
02:30:58,250 --> 02:31:00,450
How long has counsel been
in possession of this letter?

2498
02:31:00,450 --> 02:31:04,360
I don’t think I should be subject to
cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.

2499
02:31:04,360 --> 02:31:07,690
Mr. Garrison, given that we on
the board have all read the letter,

2500
02:31:07,690 --> 02:31:10,230
wouldn’t it be better
to have it in the record?

2501
02:31:10,230 --> 02:31:11,930
Let’s proceed.

2502
02:31:13,630 --> 02:31:15,170
"Dear Mr. Hoover,

2503
02:31:15,170 --> 02:31:18,270
the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion

2504
02:31:18,270 --> 02:31:22,680
based upon years of study of
the available classified evidence,

2505
02:31:22,680 --> 02:31:24,740
that more probably than not

2506
02:31:24,740 --> 02:31:29,680
J. Robert Oppenheimer
is an agent of the Soviet Union.

2507
02:31:29,680 --> 02:31:32,080
The following conclusions
are justified.

2508
02:31:32,090 --> 02:31:36,420
One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,

2509
02:31:36,420 --> 02:31:40,560
J. Robert Oppenheimer was a
sufficiently hardened communist,

2510
02:31:40,560 --> 02:31:43,130
that he volunteered information
to the Soviets.

2511
02:31:43,130 --> 02:31:45,260
Two, more probably than not,

2512
02:31:45,270 --> 02:31:49,700
he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.

2513
02:31:49,700 --> 02:31:52,170
Three, more probably than not,

2514
02:31:52,170 --> 02:31:54,910
he has since acted
under a Soviet directive

2515
02:31:54,910 --> 02:31:57,810
in influencing United States
military policy..."

2516
02:31:57,810 --> 02:32:00,080
- I’m sorry, Robert.
- ..."atomic energy, intelligence..."

2517
02:32:00,080 --> 02:32:05,050
Is anyone ever going to tell the
truth about what’s happening here?

2518
02:32:05,050 --> 02:32:08,190
We will now hear
from Dr. David Hill.

2519
02:32:18,200 --> 02:32:21,640
Dr. Hill, would you care
to make a statement?

2520
02:32:23,300 --> 02:32:24,700
Thank you.

2521
02:32:24,700 --> 02:32:28,310
I’ve been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss.

2522
02:32:28,310 --> 02:32:33,350
A man who has given years of
service in high positions of government

2523
02:32:33,810 --> 02:32:38,820
and who is known to be earnest,
hardworking and intelligent.

2524
02:32:39,750 --> 02:32:42,190
The views I have to express
are my own,

2525
02:32:42,190 --> 02:32:45,060
but I believe that much I
have to say will help to indicate

2526
02:32:45,060 --> 02:32:48,490
why most of the scientists
in this country

2527
02:32:48,500 --> 02:32:53,530
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
completely out of government.

2528
02:32:55,470 --> 02:32:59,470
You’re referring to the
hostility of certain scientists

2529
02:32:59,470 --> 02:33:03,510
directed toward Mr. Strauss
because of his commitment to security,

2530
02:33:03,510 --> 02:33:06,550
as demonstrated
in the Oppenheimer affair?

2531
02:33:08,880 --> 02:33:10,620
No.

2532
02:33:10,620 --> 02:33:15,190
Because of the personal vindictiveness
he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer.

2533
02:33:16,720 --> 02:33:18,890
Order.

2534
02:33:18,890 --> 02:33:20,630
Order.

2535
02:33:20,630 --> 02:33:24,200
It appears to most scientists
around this country

2536
02:33:25,230 --> 02:33:28,130
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being pilloried

2537
02:33:28,130 --> 02:33:32,540
and put through an ordeal because
he expressed his honest opinions.

2538
02:33:32,540 --> 02:33:35,870
Dr. Bush, I thought I was
performing a service to my country

2539
02:33:35,880 --> 02:33:37,410
when hearing this case.

2540
02:33:37,410 --> 02:33:41,810
No board in this country
should sit in judgment of a man

2541
02:33:41,820 --> 02:33:43,950
because he expressed
strong opinions.

2542
02:33:43,950 --> 02:33:47,090
If you wanna try that case,
you should try me.

2543
02:33:47,090 --> 02:33:50,690
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I become stirred.

2544
02:33:50,690 --> 02:33:52,630
But I am.

2545
02:33:52,630 --> 02:33:56,800
Dr. Hill, we’ve already heard that
Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges,

2546
02:33:56,800 --> 02:33:59,830
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.

2547
02:33:59,830 --> 02:34:04,640
The Oppenheimer matter
was initiated and carried through

2548
02:34:04,640 --> 02:34:07,270
largely through the animus
of Lewis Strauss.

2549
02:34:08,810 --> 02:34:11,610
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss’s position

2550
02:34:11,610 --> 02:34:13,510
on the shipment of isotopes
to Norway,

2551
02:34:13,510 --> 02:34:16,980
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.

2552
02:34:16,980 --> 02:34:21,120
Another controversy between them centered
around their differences in judgment

2553
02:34:21,120 --> 02:34:24,260
on how the H-bomb would
contribute to national security.

2554
02:34:24,260 --> 02:34:26,890
Strauss turned
to the personnel security system

2555
02:34:26,890 --> 02:34:30,430
in order to destroy
Oppenheimer’s effectiveness.

2556
02:34:30,430 --> 02:34:33,400
And Strauss was able
to find a few ambitious men

2557
02:34:33,400 --> 02:34:36,270
who also disagreed
with Oppenheimer’s positions

2558
02:34:36,270 --> 02:34:39,640
and envied him his prestige
in government circles.

2559
02:34:39,640 --> 02:34:44,180
I’ve always assumed, and still assume,
that he’s loyal to the United States.

2560
02:34:44,580 --> 02:34:46,410
I believe this.

2561
02:34:46,410 --> 02:34:48,880
And I shall believe it until I see
very conclusive proof to the opposite.

2562
02:34:48,880 --> 02:34:53,120
Do you, or do you not, believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?

2563
02:34:56,790 --> 02:34:58,320
In a great number of cases,

2564
02:34:58,330 --> 02:35:01,590
I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer
act in a way which was, to me,

2565
02:35:01,590 --> 02:35:03,400
exceedingly hard to understand.

2566
02:35:03,400 --> 02:35:06,130
I thoroughly disagreed with him
in numerous issues,

2567
02:35:06,130 --> 02:35:09,740
and his actions, frankly, appeared
to me confused and complicated.

2568
02:35:09,740 --> 02:35:11,370
To this extent, I feel,

2569
02:35:11,370 --> 02:35:14,610
I want to see the vital
interests of this country

2570
02:35:14,610 --> 02:35:16,740
in hands
which I understand better,

2571
02:35:16,740 --> 02:35:18,880
and therefore trust more.

2572
02:35:19,650 --> 02:35:21,350
- Thank you, Doctor.
- Thank you.

2573
02:35:25,120 --> 02:35:26,220
I’m sorry.

2574
02:35:28,290 --> 02:35:31,260
<i>You shook his fucking hand?</i>

2575
02:35:31,990 --> 02:35:33,960
Oh, I would have
spit in his face.

2576
02:35:33,960 --> 02:35:35,960
Not sure the board
would have appreciated that.

2577
02:35:35,960 --> 02:35:37,930
Is it not gentlemanly enough
for you?

2578
02:35:37,930 --> 02:35:40,670
I think you’re all being
too goddamn gentlemanly.

2579
02:35:40,670 --> 02:35:42,670
Gray must see
what Robb is doing.

2580
02:35:42,670 --> 02:35:44,600
Why doesn’t he just
shut him down?

2581
02:35:44,600 --> 02:35:47,140
And you shaking Teller’s hand.

2582
02:35:47,140 --> 02:35:50,810
You need to stop
playing the martyr.

2583
02:35:50,810 --> 02:35:55,850
Under the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?

2584
02:36:02,020 --> 02:36:06,490
Under my interpretation
of the Atomic Energy Act,

2585
02:36:06,490 --> 02:36:11,430
which did not exist when I
hired Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942,

2586
02:36:12,430 --> 02:36:17,440
I would not clear him today
if I were on the commission.

2587
02:36:18,100 --> 02:36:19,640
Good, thank you,
General, that is all.

2588
02:36:19,640 --> 02:36:22,440
But I don’t think
I’d clear any of those guys.

2589
02:36:22,440 --> 02:36:23,710
That’s all.

2590
02:36:26,350 --> 02:36:28,480
Dr. Oppenheimer
had no responsibility

2591
02:36:28,480 --> 02:36:31,350
in the selection or the
clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he?

2592
02:36:31,350 --> 02:36:32,520
No. None at all.

2593
02:36:32,520 --> 02:36:34,350
And you wouldn’t want to
leave this board

2594
02:36:34,350 --> 02:36:36,020
with any suggestion today

2595
02:36:36,020 --> 02:36:38,990
that you’re here questioning his
basic loyalty to the United States

2596
02:36:38,990 --> 02:36:40,660
and the operation of Los Alamos.

2597
02:36:40,660 --> 02:36:42,460
By no means.

2598
02:36:42,460 --> 02:36:45,300
I hope I didn’t lead anyone to
believe otherwise for an instant.

2599
02:36:46,400 --> 02:36:47,800
Thank you, General.

2600
02:37:04,980 --> 02:37:07,320
Okay. We shouldn’t
keep them waiting.

2601
02:37:07,320 --> 02:37:08,720
She’ll be here.

2602
02:37:08,720 --> 02:37:10,690
Do you even want her here?

2603
02:37:10,690 --> 02:37:12,420
Only a fool or an adolescent

2604
02:37:12,430 --> 02:37:14,730
presumes to know
someone else’s relationship,

2605
02:37:14,730 --> 02:37:16,730
and you’re neither, Lloyd.

2606
02:37:19,270 --> 02:37:22,270
Kitty and I, we’re grown-ups.

2607
02:37:23,140 --> 02:37:25,440
<i>We’ve walked through fire together.</i>

2608
02:37:25,440 --> 02:37:27,770
She’ll do fine.

2609
02:37:27,770 --> 02:37:32,180
Would you describe your views
on communism as pro, anti, neutral?

2610
02:37:32,180 --> 02:37:33,850
Very strongly against.

2611
02:37:33,850 --> 02:37:38,220
I’ve had nothing to do with
communism since 1936, since...

2612
02:37:39,090 --> 02:37:41,190
since before I met Robert.

2613
02:37:42,690 --> 02:37:44,920
That’s all.

2614
02:37:44,920 --> 02:37:46,760
<i>The record demonstrates
that Oppenheimer</i>

2615
02:37:46,760 --> 02:37:50,030
<i>was not interrogated by
impartial and disinterested counsel</i>

2616
02:37:50,030 --> 02:37:51,360
<i>for the Gray board.</i>

2617
02:37:51,360 --> 02:37:53,500
<i>He was interrogated
by a prosecutor</i>

2618
02:37:53,500 --> 02:37:55,670
<i>who used all the tricks of a
rather ingenious legal background.</i>

2619
02:37:55,670 --> 02:38:00,410
You are charging now that the
Gray board permitted a prosecution.

2620
02:38:01,010 --> 02:38:02,880
If I were on the Gray board,

2621
02:38:02,880 --> 02:38:06,610
I would have protested against the
tactics of the man who served, in fact,

2622
02:38:06,610 --> 02:38:08,050
as the prosecuting counsel.

2623
02:38:08,050 --> 02:38:10,180
A man appointed,
not by the board,

2624
02:38:11,180 --> 02:38:13,490
but by Lewis Strauss.

2625
02:38:15,420 --> 02:38:16,420
Who was this?

2626
02:38:17,890 --> 02:38:19,660
I’m sorry?

2627
02:38:19,660 --> 02:38:20,860
Who was this?

2628
02:38:20,860 --> 02:38:22,330
Uh, Roger Robb.

2629
02:38:22,830 --> 02:38:24,330
Mrs. Oppenheimer.

2630
02:38:28,500 --> 02:38:31,070
Did you have a Communist
Party membership card?

2631
02:38:32,710 --> 02:38:33,870
I’m--

2632
02:38:33,870 --> 02:38:34,940
I’m not sure.

2633
02:38:34,940 --> 02:38:36,380
Not sure?

2634
02:38:38,910 --> 02:38:40,250
Well--

2635
02:38:43,250 --> 02:38:44,280
Well?

2636
02:38:53,260 --> 02:38:56,300
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the Party

2637
02:38:56,300 --> 02:38:59,930
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?

2638
02:39:02,670 --> 02:39:03,900
Yeah.

2639
02:39:09,710 --> 02:39:11,080
Sorry.

2640
02:39:11,880 --> 02:39:13,380
Yeah.

2641
02:39:15,010 --> 02:39:18,480
It’s just it was all so very
long ago, Mr. Robb, wasn’t it?

2642
02:39:18,480 --> 02:39:20,250
- Not really.
- Long enough to have forgotten.

2643
02:39:20,250 --> 02:39:21,620
Did you return the card
or rip it up?

2644
02:39:21,620 --> 02:39:23,690
The card whose existence
I’ve forgotten?

2645
02:39:23,690 --> 02:39:26,860
- Your Communist Party membership card.
- Haven’t the slightest idea.

2646
02:39:29,100 --> 02:39:33,670
Can a distinction be made between
Soviet communism and communism?

2647
02:39:33,670 --> 02:39:36,840
In the days when I was a member, I
thought they were definitely two things.

2648
02:39:36,840 --> 02:39:40,140
I thought that the Communist
Party of the United States

2649
02:39:40,140 --> 02:39:42,770
was concerned with
our domestic problems.

2650
02:39:42,780 --> 02:39:44,640
I now no longer believe this.

2651
02:39:44,640 --> 02:39:46,550
I believe the thing’s linked together
and spread all over the world,

2652
02:39:46,550 --> 02:39:50,280
and I have believed this since
I left the Party, 16 years ago.

2653
02:39:50,280 --> 02:39:53,620
- But--
- 17 years ago. My mistake.

2654
02:39:53,620 --> 02:39:55,150
- But you sai--
- Sorry, 18.

2655
02:39:56,460 --> 02:39:58,660
18 years ago.

2656
02:39:58,660 --> 02:40:01,890
Are you familiar with the fact your
husband was making contributions

2657
02:40:01,890 --> 02:40:04,030
to the Spanish Civil War
as late as 1942?

2658
02:40:04,030 --> 02:40:06,330
I knew that Robert
gave money from time to time.

2659
02:40:06,330 --> 02:40:08,970
Did you know this money was
going into Communist Party channels?

2660
02:40:08,970 --> 02:40:10,870
- Don’t you mean "through"?
- Pardon?

2661
02:40:10,870 --> 02:40:13,740
I think you mean "through
Communist Party channels," don’t you?

2662
02:40:13,740 --> 02:40:15,470
Yes!
Yes?

2663
02:40:15,480 --> 02:40:17,380
- Yes!
- Yes.

2664
02:40:17,380 --> 02:40:20,250
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,

2665
02:40:20,250 --> 02:40:24,420
your husband had not stopped having
anything to do with the Communist Party?

2666
02:40:24,420 --> 02:40:26,080
You don’t have
to answer that yes or no.

2667
02:40:26,090 --> 02:40:27,690
You can answer that
any way you wish.

2668
02:40:27,690 --> 02:40:29,320
I know that, thank you.

2669
02:40:29,320 --> 02:40:31,190
It’s your question.

2670
02:40:31,190 --> 02:40:32,690
It’s not properly phrased.

2671
02:40:32,690 --> 02:40:34,430
- Do you understand what I’m getting at?
- I do.

2672
02:40:34,430 --> 02:40:35,990
Then why don’t you
answer it that way?

2673
02:40:36,000 --> 02:40:37,430
’Cause I don’t like your phrase.

2674
02:40:37,430 --> 02:40:39,500
"Having anything to do
with the Communist Party."

2675
02:40:39,500 --> 02:40:42,570
Because Robert never had anything
to do with the Communist Party as such.

2676
02:40:42,570 --> 02:40:44,900
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.

2677
02:40:44,900 --> 02:40:48,310
I know he took an intellectual
interest in communist ideas--

2678
02:40:48,310 --> 02:40:49,980
Are there two types
of communists?

2679
02:40:49,980 --> 02:40:53,010
Intellectual communists and
your plain, old, regular commie?

2680
02:40:54,250 --> 02:40:55,950
Well, I couldn’t
answer that one.

2681
02:40:55,950 --> 02:40:58,650
I couldn’t either.

2682
02:41:05,560 --> 02:41:06,590
Good evening.

2683
02:41:06,590 --> 02:41:08,330
Robert,
you can’t win this thing.

2684
02:41:08,330 --> 02:41:10,430
It’s a kangaroo court
with a predetermined outcome.

2685
02:41:10,430 --> 02:41:14,630
Why put yourself through
more of it? I have my reasons.

2686
02:41:16,000 --> 02:41:17,170
All right.

2687
02:41:17,170 --> 02:41:18,600
Good night.

2688
02:41:23,140 --> 02:41:24,610
He has a point.

2689
02:41:25,610 --> 02:41:27,710
I’m not sure you understand, Albert.

2690
02:41:27,710 --> 02:41:28,880
No?

2691
02:41:28,880 --> 02:41:32,190
I left my country
never to return.

2692
02:41:32,920 --> 02:41:34,820
You served your country well.

2693
02:41:34,820 --> 02:41:38,690
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...

2694
02:41:38,690 --> 02:41:41,430
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.

2695
02:41:42,230 --> 02:41:45,100
Damn it, I happen
to love this country.

2696
02:41:45,100 --> 02:41:47,370
Then tell them to go to hell.

2697
02:41:47,370 --> 02:41:49,000
Interestingly enough,

2698
02:41:49,000 --> 02:41:51,400
this is no longer
a confirmation hearing,

2699
02:41:51,400 --> 02:41:54,510
it’s now a trial about a trial!

2700
02:41:55,910 --> 02:41:59,080
It’s not good he’s telling
everyone you initiated the hearings.

2701
02:41:59,080 --> 02:42:00,980
He can’t prove a goddamn thing.

2702
02:42:00,980 --> 02:42:04,650
He certainly can’t prove
that I gave the file to Borden.

2703
02:42:04,650 --> 02:42:07,950
We’re not in court, sir.
There’s no burden of proof.

2704
02:42:07,950 --> 02:42:09,790
Right.
They’re not convicting...

2705
02:42:10,690 --> 02:42:12,220
just denying.

2706
02:42:12,230 --> 02:42:15,390
But why would Hill come here to
tear me down? What’s his angle?

2707
02:42:15,390 --> 02:42:18,500
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?

2708
02:42:18,500 --> 02:42:19,900
As he sees it.

2709
02:42:19,900 --> 02:42:22,800
I told you, Oppenheimer poisoned
the scientists against me,

2710
02:42:22,800 --> 02:42:24,340
right from that first meeting.

2711
02:42:24,340 --> 02:42:27,240
<i>I don’t know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,</i>

2712
02:42:27,240 --> 02:42:30,210
but Einstein
wouldn’t even meet my eye.

2713
02:42:31,780 --> 02:42:34,480
<i>Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.</i>

2714
02:42:34,480 --> 02:42:38,020
And at Los Alamos, he preyed
on the naivete of scientists

2715
02:42:38,020 --> 02:42:40,550
who thought they’d get a say
in how we used their work.

2716
02:42:40,550 --> 02:42:43,260
Don’t ever think
he was that naive himself.

2717
02:42:43,260 --> 02:42:45,190
Doctor.

2718
02:42:45,190 --> 02:42:50,200
During your work on the hydrogen bomb,
were you deterred by any moral qualms?

2719
02:42:50,830 --> 02:42:52,330
Yes, of course.

2720
02:42:52,330 --> 02:42:54,370
But you still got on with
your work, didn’t you?

2721
02:42:54,370 --> 02:42:58,170
Yes, because this was work of exploration.
It was not the preparation of a weapon.

2722
02:42:58,170 --> 02:43:00,110
You mean it was more of
an academic excursion?

2723
02:43:00,110 --> 02:43:03,310
No, it is not an academic thing
whether you can build a hydrogen bomb.

2724
02:43:03,310 --> 02:43:04,610
It’s a matter of life and death.

2725
02:43:04,610 --> 02:43:06,440
By 1942,
you were actively pushing

2726
02:43:06,450 --> 02:43:08,310
the development of the
hydrogen bomb, weren’t you?

2727
02:43:08,310 --> 02:43:11,520
Pushing’s not the right word.
Supporting it and working on it, yes.

2728
02:43:11,520 --> 02:43:13,890
So when did these moral qualms
become so strong

2729
02:43:13,890 --> 02:43:16,960
that you actively opposed the
development of the hydrogen bomb?

2730
02:43:16,960 --> 02:43:19,830
When it was suggested that it
be the policy of the United States

2731
02:43:19,830 --> 02:43:22,760
to make these things at all
cost, without regard to the balance

2732
02:43:22,760 --> 02:43:26,630
between these weapons and
atomic weapons as part of our arsenal.

2733
02:43:27,770 --> 02:43:29,870
What do moral qualms
have to do with that?

2734
02:43:29,870 --> 02:43:33,510
What do moral qualms
have to do with it? Yes.

2735
02:43:33,510 --> 02:43:35,640
Oppenheimer wanted to own
the atomic bomb.

2736
02:43:35,640 --> 02:43:37,680
He wanted to be the man
who moved the Earth.

2737
02:43:37,680 --> 02:43:42,110
He talks about putting the
nuclear genie back in the bottle.

2738
02:43:42,110 --> 02:43:45,780
Well, I’m here to tell you that I
know J. Robert Oppenheimer,

2739
02:43:45,790 --> 02:43:49,020
and if he could do it all over,
he’d do it all the same.

2740
02:43:49,020 --> 02:43:53,060
You know he’s never once said
that he regrets Hiroshima?

2741
02:43:53,060 --> 02:43:55,730
He’d do it all over. Why?

2742
02:43:55,730 --> 02:43:59,630
Because it made him the most
important man who ever lived.

2743
02:43:59,630 --> 02:44:03,500
Well, we’ve freely used
the atomic bomb--

2744
02:44:03,500 --> 02:44:05,600
In fact, Doctor, you assisted
in selecting the target

2745
02:44:05,610 --> 02:44:07,810
to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan, didn’t you?

2746
02:44:07,810 --> 02:44:09,740
- Yes.
- Then you knew, did you not,

2747
02:44:09,740 --> 02:44:12,040
that by dropping that atomic
bomb on the target you selected,

2748
02:44:12,040 --> 02:44:15,050
that thousands of civilians would
be killed or injured, is that correct?

2749
02:44:15,050 --> 02:44:17,450
Yes, not as many as turned out--

2750
02:44:17,450 --> 02:44:20,120
Oh. Well, how many
were killed or injured?

2751
02:44:20,120 --> 02:44:21,250
70,000.

2752
02:44:21,250 --> 02:44:22,820
70,000 at both Hiroshima and--

2753
02:44:22,820 --> 02:44:24,490
110,000 at both.

2754
02:44:24,490 --> 02:44:26,430
On the day of each bombing?

2755
02:44:27,630 --> 02:44:29,860
- Yes.
- And in the weeks and years that followed?

2756
02:44:29,860 --> 02:44:33,330
It has been put at somewhere
between 50,000 and 100,000.

2757
02:44:33,330 --> 02:44:35,470
- 220,000 dead, at least.
- Yes.

2758
02:44:35,470 --> 02:44:37,370
Any moral scruples about that?

2759
02:44:38,940 --> 02:44:40,840
Terrible ones.

2760
02:44:40,840 --> 02:44:43,810
Yet you testified in here that the
bombing of Hiroshima was very successful.

2761
02:44:43,810 --> 02:44:46,910
- Technically successful.
- Oh! Technically, it was very successful.

2762
02:44:46,910 --> 02:44:49,280
And it is also alleged
to have helped end the war.

2763
02:44:49,280 --> 02:44:52,620
Would you have been supportive of the
dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?

2764
02:44:52,620 --> 02:44:55,190
- That would make no sense at all.
- Why?

2765
02:44:55,190 --> 02:44:56,920
The target is too small.

2766
02:44:56,920 --> 02:44:59,590
Well, supposing there had been
a target in Japan big enough

2767
02:44:59,590 --> 02:45:01,030
for a thermonuclear weapon,

2768
02:45:01,030 --> 02:45:02,690
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?

2769
02:45:02,700 --> 02:45:04,500
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted--

2770
02:45:04,500 --> 02:45:06,130
I’m confronting you
with it now, sir.

2771
02:45:06,130 --> 02:45:07,830
It was all part of his plan.

2772
02:45:07,830 --> 02:45:11,670
He wanted the glorious,
insincere guilt of the self-important

2773
02:45:11,670 --> 02:45:13,540
to wear like a fucking crown.

2774
02:45:13,540 --> 02:45:18,580
Say, "No, we cannot go down this
road," even as he knew we’d have to.

2775
02:45:19,210 --> 02:45:21,250
Would you have been
opposed to the dropping...

2776
02:45:21,250 --> 02:45:23,520
...of a thermonuclear weapon on
Japan because of moral scruples?

2777
02:45:23,520 --> 02:45:25,080
Yes, I believe I would, sir.

2778
02:45:25,080 --> 02:45:26,620
Did you oppose the dropping

2779
02:45:26,620 --> 02:45:28,790
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
because of moral scruples?

2780
02:45:28,790 --> 02:45:30,790
- We set forth our arg--
- No, you.

2781
02:45:30,790 --> 02:45:32,620
- I’m asking you. You!
- I set--

2782
02:45:32,630 --> 02:45:34,930
I set forth our arguments
against dropping it,

2783
02:45:34,930 --> 02:45:36,960
but I did not endorse them.

2784
02:45:36,960 --> 02:45:39,930
You mean after working night and
day for three years building the bomb,

2785
02:45:39,930 --> 02:45:41,970
you then argued
against the use of it.

2786
02:45:41,970 --> 02:45:45,800
I was asked by the secretary of
war what the views of scientists were.

2787
02:45:45,810 --> 02:45:48,040
I gave him the views against
and the views for.

2788
02:45:48,040 --> 02:45:50,640
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb on Japan.

2789
02:45:50,640 --> 02:45:53,110
- What do you mean, "support"?
- You supported it.

2790
02:45:53,110 --> 02:45:55,750
- You helped pick the target, didn’t you?
- I did my job.

2791
02:45:55,750 --> 02:45:58,320
I was not in a policy-making
position at Los Alamos.

2792
02:45:58,320 --> 02:46:00,150
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.

2793
02:46:00,150 --> 02:46:02,750
Then you would have built
the H-bomb too, wouldn’t you?

2794
02:46:02,760 --> 02:46:05,060
- I couldn’t.
- I didn’t ask you that, Doctor.

2795
02:46:05,060 --> 02:46:06,520
And the GAC report,

2796
02:46:06,530 --> 02:46:08,930
which you co-authored
after the Soviet atomic test,

2797
02:46:08,930 --> 02:46:12,560
said a Super bomb
should never be built.

2798
02:46:12,570 --> 02:46:13,930
What we meant--
What I meant was--

2799
02:46:13,930 --> 02:46:16,070
- What you? Who? Who?
- What I meant--

2800
02:46:17,570 --> 02:46:20,710
And wouldn’t the Russians do
anything to increase their strength?

2801
02:46:20,710 --> 02:46:23,210
If we did it,
they would have to do it.

2802
02:46:23,210 --> 02:46:27,680
Our efforts would only fuel their efforts,
just as it had with the atomic bomb.

2803
02:46:27,680 --> 02:46:31,450
"Just as it had
with the atomic bomb," exactly!

2804
02:46:31,450 --> 02:46:35,920
No moral scruples in 1945,
plenty in 1949.

2805
02:46:40,130 --> 02:46:41,860
Dr. Oppenheimer...

2806
02:46:43,430 --> 02:46:46,260
when did your strong
moral convictions develop

2807
02:46:46,270 --> 02:46:48,470
with respect to
the hydrogen bomb?

2808
02:46:55,810 --> 02:46:57,910
When it became clear to me...

2809
02:46:59,050 --> 02:47:02,520
that we would tend
to use any weapon we had.

2810
02:47:05,120 --> 02:47:07,520
<i>J. Robert Oppenheimer
the Martyr.</i>

2811
02:47:07,520 --> 02:47:10,020
I gave him
exactly what he wanted.

2812
02:47:10,020 --> 02:47:14,590
To be remembered for Trinity,
not Hiroshima.

2813
02:47:15,160 --> 02:47:17,500
Not Nagasaki.

2814
02:47:20,230 --> 02:47:22,070
He should be thanking me.

2815
02:47:23,070 --> 02:47:24,540
Well, he’s not.

2816
02:47:27,640 --> 02:47:29,010
Do we still have enough votes,

2817
02:47:29,010 --> 02:47:31,010
or is the crowning moment
of my career

2818
02:47:31,010 --> 02:47:35,010
about to become the most
public humiliation of my life?

2819
02:47:35,010 --> 02:47:38,780
Full Senate’s about to vote.
You’ll scrape through.

2820
02:47:38,780 --> 02:47:40,520
Great, then gather
the fucking press.

2821
02:47:40,520 --> 02:47:42,490
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.

2822
02:47:42,490 --> 02:47:45,560
This board, having heard
testimony from you

2823
02:47:45,560 --> 02:47:48,590
and many of your current
and former colleagues,

2824
02:47:48,590 --> 02:47:53,130
has come to the unanimous
conclusion that you are a loyal citizen.

2825
02:47:55,100 --> 02:48:00,110
However, in the light
of your continuing associations

2826
02:48:00,340 --> 02:48:03,940
and disregard for the security
apparatus of this country,

2827
02:48:03,940 --> 02:48:07,580
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct

2828
02:48:07,580 --> 02:48:09,580
on the hydrogen bomb program,

2829
02:48:09,580 --> 02:48:11,380
and the regrettable lack
of candor

2830
02:48:11,380 --> 02:48:14,350
in certain of your responses
to this board,

2831
02:48:14,350 --> 02:48:17,090
we have voted two-to-one

2832
02:48:17,090 --> 02:48:20,190
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.

2833
02:48:20,190 --> 02:48:23,230
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,

2834
02:48:23,230 --> 02:48:26,830
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.

2835
02:48:26,830 --> 02:48:28,070
That is all.

2836
02:48:32,370 --> 02:48:34,010
Gordon.

2837
02:48:38,610 --> 02:48:40,450
<i>Robert.</i>

2838
02:48:41,080 --> 02:48:42,150
<i>Robert.</i>

2839
02:48:45,220 --> 02:48:46,690
Don’t, uh...

2840
02:48:49,320 --> 02:48:50,960
Don’t take in the sheets.

2841
02:48:55,460 --> 02:48:58,330
- Sir.
- Two minutes. Two minutes.

2842
02:48:58,330 --> 02:49:00,230
You’ll get your shot.

2843
02:49:03,800 --> 02:49:05,170
Is it official?

2844
02:49:07,170 --> 02:49:11,180
Well, there were
a couple of unexpected holdouts.

2845
02:49:16,350 --> 02:49:18,980
I’m denied. Yeah?

2846
02:49:18,980 --> 02:49:20,990
I’m afraid so, sir.
All right.

2847
02:49:28,490 --> 02:49:29,660
Who were the holdouts?

2848
02:49:29,660 --> 02:49:32,560
Um... There were three,

2849
02:49:32,570 --> 02:49:34,970
led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.

2850
02:49:34,970 --> 02:49:37,140
Young guy trying to make
a name for himself,

2851
02:49:37,140 --> 02:49:39,600
didn’t like
what you did to Oppenheimer.

2852
02:49:39,610 --> 02:49:40,870
What’s his name?

2853
02:49:41,570 --> 02:49:44,880
Uh, Kennedy. John F. Kennedy.

2854
02:49:48,510 --> 02:49:49,880
Kitty?

2855
02:49:55,860 --> 02:49:59,390
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,

2856
02:49:59,390 --> 02:50:01,760
that the world
would forgive you?

2857
02:50:05,430 --> 02:50:07,070
It won’t.

2858
02:50:09,300 --> 02:50:10,700
We’ll see.

2859
02:50:20,510 --> 02:50:22,110
Goddamn it.

2860
02:50:24,850 --> 02:50:26,850
You told me I’d be okay.

2861
02:50:26,850 --> 02:50:29,350
Yeah, well, I didn’t have
all the facts, did I?

2862
02:50:29,360 --> 02:50:30,760
Here’s a fact.

2863
02:50:30,760 --> 02:50:32,660
President Eisenhower
pinned the Medal of Freedom

2864
02:50:32,660 --> 02:50:34,390
on my chest last year,

2865
02:50:34,390 --> 02:50:36,690
’cause I’ve always done
what’s right for this country.

2866
02:50:36,700 --> 02:50:39,000
They don’t want me
in the Cabinet room?

2867
02:50:39,000 --> 02:50:41,430
Oh, that’s-- That’s fine.

2868
02:50:41,430 --> 02:50:44,140
Maybe they should just invite
Oppenheimer instead.

2869
02:50:44,140 --> 02:50:45,940
Maybe they will.

2870
02:50:45,940 --> 02:50:49,940
I told you, he turned the
scientists against me one by one,

2871
02:50:49,940 --> 02:50:51,340
starting with Einstein.

2872
02:50:51,340 --> 02:50:53,710
I told you about Einstein.
I saw him by the pond.

2873
02:50:53,710 --> 02:50:55,450
You did, but you know, sir,

2874
02:50:55,450 --> 02:50:59,020
since nobody really knows what
they said to each other that day,

2875
02:50:59,020 --> 02:51:02,720
is it possible they didn’t
talk about you at all?

2876
02:51:02,720 --> 02:51:05,190
Is it possible
they spoke about something

2877
02:51:06,290 --> 02:51:07,660
more important?

2878
02:51:07,660 --> 02:51:09,630
Mr. Strauss!

2879
02:51:18,500 --> 02:51:20,310
Oh!

2880
02:51:22,570 --> 02:51:23,940
Thank you.

2881
02:51:23,940 --> 02:51:25,310
Albert.

2882
02:51:26,480 --> 02:51:28,480
Ah...

2883
02:51:28,480 --> 02:51:30,180
The man of the moment.

2884
02:51:34,020 --> 02:51:37,260
You once held
a reception for me.

2885
02:51:37,260 --> 02:51:40,660
In Berkeley. You gave
me an award, mmm? Yes.

2886
02:51:40,660 --> 02:51:45,300
You all thought that I had
lost the ability to understand

2887
02:51:45,300 --> 02:51:47,030
what I’d started.

2888
02:51:47,030 --> 02:51:50,740
So, the award
really wasn’t for me.

2889
02:51:50,740 --> 02:51:53,270
It was for all of you, hmm?

2890
02:51:54,840 --> 02:51:57,110
Now it’s your turn

2891
02:51:57,110 --> 02:52:01,780
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.

2892
02:52:02,680 --> 02:52:04,150
And one day,

2893
02:52:04,150 --> 02:52:06,620
when they’ve
punished you enough...

2894
02:52:08,150 --> 02:52:12,020
they’ll serve you
salmon and potato salad.

2895
02:52:16,360 --> 02:52:17,530
Make speeches...

2896
02:52:19,330 --> 02:52:20,970
<i>...give you a medal.</i>

2897
02:52:22,740 --> 02:52:24,100
Hello, Frank.

2898
02:52:24,100 --> 02:52:25,840
You’re happy, I’m happy.

2899
02:52:32,610 --> 02:52:35,780
<i>Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.</i>

2900
02:52:37,450 --> 02:52:38,680
<i>Just remember...</i>

2901
02:52:40,190 --> 02:52:42,250
<i>it won’t be for you.</i>

2902
02:52:47,390 --> 02:52:48,890
<i>It’ll be for them.</i>

2903
02:53:02,270 --> 02:53:03,740
Albert.

2904
02:53:05,110 --> 02:53:08,450
When I came to you
with those calculations,

2905
02:53:08,450 --> 02:53:10,750
we thought we might start
a chain reaction

2906
02:53:10,750 --> 02:53:14,420
that would destroy
the entire world?

2907
02:53:15,190 --> 02:53:18,990
Mmm. I remember it well.
What of it?

2908
02:53:22,730 --> 02:53:24,400
I believe we did.