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Let's take stock.
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So far, the playbook has shown you
how to seize power, crush your rivals,
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brutalize your people into submission,
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and replace objective truth
with your version of reality.
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Now it's time to realize
the true promise of tyranny,
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by reinventing your country
into the utopia
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you always dreamed it could be.
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The more dangerous
and interesting tyrants
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are really convinced
they are creating a better world.
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Think your country needs
a new national flag? No problem.
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Feel like implementing
a brand-new education system
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with you as the main subject? Why not?
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The playbook provides
all the tools you need
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to create your perfect society,
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and no one committed to this
quite like Muammar Gaddafi,
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who made the complete transformation
of the Libyan nation his life's work,
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no matter who... or what... got in his way.
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This mad dog of the Middle East
has a goal of a world revolution.
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Follow his example
and you'll discover
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how you too can create
an enduring heaven on Earth,
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with you as its guiding light.
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Muammar Gaddafi's eccentric vision
transformed his countrymen's lives
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in ways that were good, bad, and weird.
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Gaddafi is a bit of a tragic, uh, figure,
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somebody who really started off
wanting to change the society around him,
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and in the end
started to believe in his own stories.
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He was famously corrupt and greedy,
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he had all kinds of affectations
of dress and manner.
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He visited foreign countries
and would sleep outside in a tent.
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And yet, despite his quirks,
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this revolutionary and fashion icon
managed to stay in power for 42 years.
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Before we look at how Gaddafi
remade Libya in his own image,
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there are a few things you should know.
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I have all the solutions here.
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Muammar Gaddafi's parents
were illiterate Bedouin nomadic people.
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The environment was
very, very difficult indeed.
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Libya was one of the poorest
countries in the world.
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The only means of changing one's status
was to join the military,
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and Gaddafi did precisely this.
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Gaddafi saw the Western-backed monarch,
King Idris, as extremely corrupt.
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It was virtually a bloodless coup,
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really because there were
no institutions in Libya
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that were organized well enough
to really stand up for the king,
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to protect the king.
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Gaddafi began probably
as a sincere reformer.
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He wanted to modernize an entire nation.
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He was hailed
as a kind of liberator
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across the Arab world
and the African world.
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But ultimately, he was not interested
in liberating anyone.
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He was interested in enslaving them.
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Gaddafi's lesson
really does hold the promise and peril
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of building a new society.
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If you want yours to succeed,
it's going to need some ground rules,
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and it's your job to lay them down.
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As the creator of your new society,
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you're more than head of state.
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You're the parent of your nation.
And to truly show your love,
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you'll need to guide your flock
with a firm hand.
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Authoritarian rulers exercise rule
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by limiting the rights the public enjoys.
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The leaders often claim
that this is in the best interest
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of the state, of the people.
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After all, tyrants know best.
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Upon taking power in 1979,
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Ayatollah Khomeini
revoked Iran's divorce law
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and lowered the marriage age for girls
to as young as seven.
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Under Hitler, the Nazis instituted
a strict anti-smoking policy,
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inspired by the Führer's
personal distaste for tobacco.
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While Turkmenistan's dictator
Saparmurat Niyazov
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banned the use of lip-synching
at concerts in 2006
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and banished dogs
from the country's capital
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due to their unappealing odor.
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Like all other dictators, Gaddafi knew
he had to repress civil liberties,
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so he prohibited free speech
and rights of assembly.
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He would make up the rules
as he went along.
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Following Islamic law,
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Gaddafi banned alcohol
and shut down all night clubs.
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Hiring domestic servants,
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being a doctor or lawyer
in private practice,
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and even hailing a cab
were also forbidden...
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while prohibited domestic acts
like adultery
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could earn the offenders
lashings and loss of limbs.
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Gaddafi also banned trade unions,
workers' strikes,
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and cracked down on the true enemy
of his new society: foreign chickens.
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Gaddafi says
that Libyans must grow their own food.
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A country's not free
if it eats from overseas,
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and he says, "Let's start with chicken."
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"All Libyans must grow their own chicken."
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But liberating people
from store-bought poultry
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only gets you so far.
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By 1976, he realizes that the people, uh,
don't really share this vision that he has
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of how a country should be ruled.
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He turns increasingly autocratic.
Elections disappear.
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The positions of power are increasingly
occupied by loyalists of the regime.
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So it becomes more and more
a classical dictatorship.
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And while
many Libyans seem fine
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to embrace Gaddafi
as their absolute leader,
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there were pockets of resistance.
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As Gaddafi's repression expands,
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student demonstrators
take to the streets in protest,
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demanding that their freedoms be restored.
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It's a moment of crisis
for the regime.
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Gaddafi has a choice:
uphold the people's will or his own.
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On April 7, 1976,
he makes the obvious decision.
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Gaddafi sends his army
into the cities of Tripoli and Benghazi
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to crush the protests.
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Many who were detained are later released.
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Others are not so lucky.
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To make an example of those
that dared speak out against the regime,
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a number of them
are accused of being traitors.
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On the first anniversary
of the protests,
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two students,
Omar Dabob and Muhammed Ben Sa-oud,
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are hung for their participation,
with a special guest in attendance.
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From this day forward, Gaddafi declares
April 7th a national holiday.
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And what better way to celebrate each year
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than by rounding up his opponents
across the country?
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It's a new annual tradition to make clear
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that from now on, the leader is the law,
and the law must be obeyed.
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Laying down the rules is a start,
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but revealing the true promise
of your new society
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will require even bolder action,
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so think big.
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Tyrants have great projects.
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This is one of the ways
they can achieve immortality,
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as a daily reminder of their greatness.
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Pick your projects well,
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and they can upgrade your nation
and your image at the same time.
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Hitler and the Nazis presented themselves
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as the driving force
behind the Autobahn highway system,
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which promised Germans
total mobility across the country.
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Joseph Stalin greenlit the construction
of the state-of-the-art Moscow Metro
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that was heralded as a triumph
of socialism when it opened in 1931.
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While Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu
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bulldozed one-fifth
of the capital city of Bucharest
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to build the Palace of Parliament.
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It took 13 years to complete.
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It cost three billion dollars
and up to 3,000 workers' lives.
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Too bad he was deposed and killed
before construction was completed.
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Gaddafi had grand ambitions of his own,
and a key advantage to bring them to life.
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Gaddafi had an oil-rich economy.
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The money is just coming out of the ground
and straight into his bank account.
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After 1973,
the price of oil quadrupled globally.
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He made a tremendous amount of money,
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and he was able to use that money
for whatever he wanted to use it for.
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In the name of Allah,
we lay the foundation stone
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for the Great Man-Made River.
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Potable water
had become scarce in Libya,
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so knowing there were these enormous
aquifers in the southern part of Libya,
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Gaddafi set about exploiting those.
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A man-made river that could one day
even turn desert into farmland.
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What better symbol of a new society
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than making the desert bloom?
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Gaddafi's plan was
to drill into the Nubian fossil aquifer,
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then transport the water
from there to northern Libya
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through giant pipes and dams.
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It was massive.
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Pipelines of enormous dimensions,
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literally hundreds and hundreds
of kilometers long.
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It didn't come cheap,
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but Gaddafi saw the project
as his crowning glory
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that would provide the majority
of Libya's water for decades.
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He even began calling it
the eighth wonder of the world.
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Sadly, the construction met with issues.
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There were all kinds
of problems with it.
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Corruption was endemic,
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so you saw lots of pipes exploding,
et cetera, et cetera.
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The Great Man-Made River took
nearly three decades to complete,
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and some experts believe
the underground reserves will run out
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before the end of this century.
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But that will be someone else's problem.
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The Great Man-made River
Project was one of the very few ones
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that was much
appreciated by the Libyans.
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It was this kind of prestige project
that he could then portray as his own.
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But people have short memories.
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You need to make sure
they never forget who's responsible
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for the wonders they now enjoy.
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How, you may ask.
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I believe that children are our future,
so teach them well.
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Every dictator needs
a population that can read, write,
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so they can work at menial jobs
producing money for the dictator.
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What dictators don't want
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is a well-educated population of people
with ideas who can become rivals.
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For your new society to succeed,
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you have to start early.
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In Libya,
literacy and propaganda were twinned.
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And Gaddafi's required reading list
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for the nation's youth
was just one title long,
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written by... you guessed it, himself.
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The Green Book was
the Bible of Gaddafi's Libya.
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Gaddafi would constantly cite from it.
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Billboards had quotes from it.
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They were kind of random thoughts,
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but because they came from Gaddafi,
nobody could question them.
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But you can't let a few bad reviews
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get in the way of your nation's future.
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Kids would be taking tests
on Gaddafi's Green Book,
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on what he said and what it means.
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Now that's smart lesson planning.
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The genius of Gaddafi's education system
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wasn't just what it taught
the children of Libya,
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it was also what it didn't.
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In this new Libyan society, no history
before Gaddafi's reign was taught,
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because what's the point of learning
about the bad old days?
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No geography. Don't want people thinking
about the world or the way out.
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No foreign languages. Don't need them.
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And since Gaddafi saw units of measurement
as symbols of Western oppression,
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he banned the metric system.
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So maybe it wasn't all bad.
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But sometimes,
despite all your careful planning,
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your little ones still don't learn
what you want them to.
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That's why Gaddafi liked throwing in
the odd face-to-face lesson,
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just to make sure his message hit home.
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In the summer of 1984,
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thousands of school children
in the city of Benghazi
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were told they were
going on a very special outing.
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The students were loaded into buses
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and transported
to the city's open-air basketball stadium.
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But what they were about to see
was a whole different ball game.
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The main attraction:
Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy.
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The accused
has confessed to terrorist activities.
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A 30-year-old engineer,
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recently returned
from studying in the US.
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The audience was told
they would be witnessing a trial,
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but he was already condemned.
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As the crowd realizes what is
about to happen, some beg for mercy.
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Others celebrate.
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But something goes wrong.
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The condemned man doesn't die.
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Out of the crowd, a woman emerges.
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Her name: Huda Ben Amer.
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And with a firm tug,
Huda finishes the job.
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She became known as Huda the Executioner.
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This act of helping the state
to murder an innocent victim
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jump-started her political career,
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and she actually became
Minister of Sports and Tourism.
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What a fitting reward
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for serving as a role model
for the youth of the nation.
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Especially the little girls.
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But Huda's shining example also shows
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how powerful,
and even deadly, one woman can be.
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00:14:56,395 --> 00:14:59,815
That's why,
on the path to building your new society,
242
00:14:59,899 --> 00:15:03,193
you need to give
the fairer sex extra attention.
243
00:15:09,700 --> 00:15:14,538
All the major dictators
in modern history have been men.
244
00:15:15,956 --> 00:15:20,085
As a group, they see women as necessary,
245
00:15:20,169 --> 00:15:24,381
but they also see women as dangerous.
246
00:15:25,215 --> 00:15:30,846
The authoritarian mindset
responds to the restoration of a hierarchy
247
00:15:30,930 --> 00:15:35,517
in which men sit atop of the social order.
248
00:15:36,769 --> 00:15:39,980
But Gaddafi wanted to be seen
as a modern tyrant,
249
00:15:40,064 --> 00:15:43,233
building the perfect society
for all of his people.
250
00:15:43,317 --> 00:15:48,489
In principle, Gaddafi argued
that, uh, women should be equal to men.
251
00:15:48,572 --> 00:15:51,075
And so throughout his reign,
252
00:15:51,158 --> 00:15:55,871
he tried to,
at least symbolically, uh, promote women.
253
00:15:55,955 --> 00:15:59,833
And what better symbol
of female promotion than this?
254
00:16:01,085 --> 00:16:04,463
He had this weird bodyguard of women.
255
00:16:05,714 --> 00:16:09,385
Almost like something
out of a James Bond film.
256
00:16:09,468 --> 00:16:14,348
Libya, when Mr. Gaddafi come, became free.
257
00:16:14,431 --> 00:16:16,850
Before, the woman, uh... not free.
258
00:16:18,102 --> 00:16:20,020
They accompanied him abroad.
259
00:16:20,104 --> 00:16:22,523
Gaddafi was expert at manipulating media.
260
00:16:22,606 --> 00:16:26,402
He knew exactly
what would get into photographers
261
00:16:26,485 --> 00:16:27,903
and get into the TV screens.
262
00:16:28,862 --> 00:16:30,364
But behind closed doors,
263
00:16:30,447 --> 00:16:33,075
things weren't quite as ready
for prime time.
264
00:16:33,158 --> 00:16:37,997
Many people didn't know. Those bodyguards
were what some people call a harem.
265
00:16:42,084 --> 00:16:44,670
New members
of the Amazonian guard were recruited
266
00:16:44,753 --> 00:16:47,589
during Gaddafi's travels
throughout the country.
267
00:16:47,673 --> 00:16:51,969
He was partial to beautiful, young women,
some no more than 14.
268
00:16:52,761 --> 00:16:57,016
Scouts from his current guard were
always on the lookout for fresh faces.
269
00:16:57,766 --> 00:17:02,396
New recruits would be invited
to a private reception to meet the leader.
270
00:17:02,479 --> 00:17:06,316
If a woman received a pat on the head,
she had been chosen,
271
00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:08,986
and soon... she would disappear.
272
00:17:12,614 --> 00:17:14,575
And whether she wanted to or not,
273
00:17:14,658 --> 00:17:18,412
she'd become what Gaddafi called
a "virgin of the revolution,"
274
00:17:19,455 --> 00:17:21,832
duty-bound to serve her leader.
275
00:17:23,876 --> 00:17:27,254
These women were often
abused and raped by Gaddafi.
276
00:17:28,088 --> 00:17:31,258
Sometimes girls were allowed
to go back to their families,
277
00:17:31,341 --> 00:17:36,221
but in a traditional Muslim society,
many times they were shunned.
278
00:17:37,181 --> 00:17:41,393
Gaddafi abused thousands of women
for years in this manner.
279
00:17:42,102 --> 00:17:43,102
Yah!
280
00:17:44,271 --> 00:17:47,608
It was all part
of Muammar's vision for his perfect world,
281
00:17:48,192 --> 00:17:51,236
where the greatest honor was
to be of service to Libya,
282
00:17:52,029 --> 00:17:54,031
and thus to him.
283
00:17:54,114 --> 00:17:55,991
Gaddafi was the nation.
284
00:17:56,075 --> 00:18:00,245
Dictators have a completely proprietary
view of the nation.
285
00:18:00,329 --> 00:18:03,457
They own its... wealth. They own its people.
286
00:18:03,540 --> 00:18:06,668
Their bodies are... are his
to do what he wants.
287
00:18:06,752 --> 00:18:09,338
If you're Muammar Gaddafi,
it might now seem
288
00:18:09,421 --> 00:18:12,257
that you've got everything you need
for your new society.
289
00:18:12,341 --> 00:18:14,760
Money, loyal subjects,
290
00:18:14,843 --> 00:18:19,181
concrete symbols of your greatness,
exciting job opportunities.
291
00:18:19,264 --> 00:18:21,850
But now is no time
to rest on your laurels.
292
00:18:21,934 --> 00:18:23,477
When there's a whole world out there
293
00:18:23,560 --> 00:18:26,480
that's yet to learn
of your path to national glory,
294
00:18:27,481 --> 00:18:29,274
why keep it to yourself?
295
00:18:33,987 --> 00:18:36,990
Becoming an absolute ruler
is an impressive feat.
296
00:18:37,074 --> 00:18:40,661
But creating a global movement?
That's the stuff of legends.
297
00:18:40,744 --> 00:18:45,249
Which is why our most ambitious tyrants
love to spread their wings.
298
00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:51,004
In 1940,
Adolf Hitler installed a puppet regime
299
00:18:51,088 --> 00:18:53,549
known as the Vichy government
in occupied France,
300
00:18:53,632 --> 00:18:56,552
which went on to strip citizenship
from the nation's Jews
301
00:18:56,635 --> 00:19:00,430
and send more than 70,000
to die in concentration camps.
302
00:19:01,598 --> 00:19:05,269
After World War II,
Joseph Stalin aggressively supported
303
00:19:05,352 --> 00:19:09,273
the spread of Communist governments
across Eastern Europe and the Baltics,
304
00:19:09,356 --> 00:19:12,484
creating a buffer zone
of countries friendly to him.
305
00:19:12,985 --> 00:19:17,990
And China's Mao Zedong provided weapons,
cash, and supplies to North Vietnam
306
00:19:18,073 --> 00:19:21,493
as part of his plan
to dominate Southeast Asia.
307
00:19:22,828 --> 00:19:26,665
But for some tyrants,
hooking up can be tough.
308
00:19:27,708 --> 00:19:28,876
He tried very hard
309
00:19:28,959 --> 00:19:31,670
to be the center of attention
within the Arab world.
310
00:19:31,753 --> 00:19:34,464
The leaders, they looked down upon him.
311
00:19:34,548 --> 00:19:37,467
But no matter
what the rest of the world thinks,
312
00:19:37,551 --> 00:19:39,219
there are always going to be some groups
313
00:19:39,303 --> 00:19:42,598
that will take you and your fat wallet
into their hearts.
314
00:19:46,476 --> 00:19:49,938
Gaddafi sponsored
many, many separatist movements.
315
00:19:50,647 --> 00:19:52,191
Across the globe,
316
00:19:52,274 --> 00:19:55,068
anytime a revolutionary group
needs some cash,
317
00:19:55,152 --> 00:19:56,987
Gaddafi is there to provide.
318
00:19:57,779 --> 00:20:00,949
The danger of allying
with the wrong sort of friends, however,
319
00:20:02,075 --> 00:20:04,828
is that people judge you
by the company you keep.
320
00:20:05,078 --> 00:20:06,830
It was around 2:00 a.m. in Berlin
321
00:20:06,914 --> 00:20:10,375
when the bomb went off
in the crowded La Belle discotheque.
322
00:20:10,459 --> 00:20:13,128
Police say there were
about 500 people inside,
323
00:20:13,212 --> 00:20:17,424
many of them off-duty US soldiers.
The bomb exploded...
324
00:20:17,507 --> 00:20:20,302
These murderers
could not carry out their crimes
325
00:20:20,385 --> 00:20:22,346
without the sanctuary and support
326
00:20:22,429 --> 00:20:25,724
provided by regimes
such as Colonel Gaddafi's in Libya.
327
00:20:26,433 --> 00:20:28,602
Gaddafi was a terrorist.
328
00:20:29,311 --> 00:20:34,191
He wanted the respect of the world
while he was terrorizing everybody.
329
00:20:35,025 --> 00:20:39,613
We refuse to bow our heads
in front of America.
330
00:20:40,739 --> 00:20:42,032
Word to the wise:
331
00:20:42,115 --> 00:20:47,079
terrorizing people at home is a lot easier
than taking on the entire Western world.
332
00:20:47,663 --> 00:20:51,625
No one can kill Americans
and brag about it. No one.
333
00:20:54,711 --> 00:20:58,382
When the Americans retaliated
and bombed Libya,
334
00:20:58,465 --> 00:21:00,133
it was truly a shock to him,
335
00:21:00,217 --> 00:21:02,427
because he thought he was infallible.
336
00:21:04,596 --> 00:21:06,515
As dawn shed light on the devastation
337
00:21:06,598 --> 00:21:08,141
caused by the American bombing,
338
00:21:08,225 --> 00:21:11,812
Washington said the targets were
military bases or terrorist camps.
339
00:21:13,563 --> 00:21:16,191
This fallacy came to a crashing halt.
340
00:21:16,275 --> 00:21:18,986
Beginning of the end? Not so fast.
341
00:21:19,069 --> 00:21:22,614
When you're sitting on one of the world's
ten richest oil reserves,
342
00:21:22,698 --> 00:21:25,659
you can afford the odd miscalculation.
343
00:21:25,742 --> 00:21:27,077
But as you'll see,
344
00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:31,081
the playbook will keep you in power
only as long as you heed its lessons.
345
00:21:31,164 --> 00:21:34,084
Muammar is going to
find that out the hard way.
346
00:21:38,171 --> 00:21:40,048
Gaddafi has a good thing going.
347
00:21:40,132 --> 00:21:43,969
Wealth, power, impeccable fashion sense,
348
00:21:44,052 --> 00:21:46,513
and a vision to create his ideal society.
349
00:21:46,596 --> 00:21:48,557
But as the new millennium dawns,
350
00:21:49,266 --> 00:21:51,685
the US goes to war
against Saddam Hussein,
351
00:21:51,768 --> 00:21:57,065
and life as a Middle Eastern dictator
starts to feel like a dicey proposition.
352
00:21:57,149 --> 00:22:00,944
Our war against terror... is only beginning.
353
00:22:01,028 --> 00:22:03,113
When times get tough,
the playbook insists
354
00:22:03,196 --> 00:22:05,157
that you ruthlessly
stick with your program.
355
00:22:05,240 --> 00:22:08,201
Gaddafi chose a different path.
356
00:22:08,285 --> 00:22:12,831
♪ 'Cause when friends are friends... ♪
357
00:22:12,914 --> 00:22:15,167
He made changes in policy...
358
00:22:15,250 --> 00:22:17,377
♪ It lasts forever ♪
359
00:22:17,461 --> 00:22:21,131
...that he thought
would curry favor in the Western world.
360
00:22:22,758 --> 00:22:25,594
Free speech,
freedom of assembly, free press.
361
00:22:25,677 --> 00:22:28,138
He stopped torturing people.
362
00:22:29,306 --> 00:22:31,433
Now, that's a nice thing to do,
363
00:22:32,601 --> 00:22:35,729
but torture is a good way
to deter people from opposing you.
364
00:22:36,813 --> 00:22:38,315
What was the consequence?
365
00:22:39,191 --> 00:22:43,153
These are the mechanisms
by which people organize
366
00:22:43,236 --> 00:22:45,364
and overthrow their governments.
367
00:22:46,865 --> 00:22:48,200
It's quite inevitable.
368
00:22:48,283 --> 00:22:51,620
These enlightened reforms
will ultimately be seen
369
00:22:51,703 --> 00:22:54,998
for what they really are: weakness.
370
00:22:55,082 --> 00:22:57,542
Colonel Gaddafi,
is your army deserting you?
371
00:22:59,211 --> 00:23:00,796
I forgot your language.
372
00:23:02,422 --> 00:23:06,802
They rose up against him,
the Western world did nothing to save him,
373
00:23:06,885 --> 00:23:08,678
and he was dead.
374
00:23:08,762 --> 00:23:11,390
When he's finally cornered by rebels,
375
00:23:11,973 --> 00:23:16,061
he says, "I haven't done anything.
Why are you treating me this way?"
376
00:23:16,770 --> 00:23:20,357
A fair question
under most circumstances.
377
00:23:22,067 --> 00:23:27,030
He killed my brother, my cousin.
He killed my friends.
378
00:23:27,114 --> 00:23:28,990
He burned my family's house.
379
00:23:29,074 --> 00:23:32,244
Though you might say
what doomed Gaddafi in the end
380
00:23:32,327 --> 00:23:37,374
is that he abandoned the playbook,
went soft, and paid the ultimate price.
381
00:23:37,457 --> 00:23:41,128
Eventually, of course,
um, he was hunted down and... and killed.
382
00:23:42,796 --> 00:23:44,214
But take heart.
383
00:23:44,297 --> 00:23:46,550
The playbook offers another path,
384
00:23:46,633 --> 00:23:50,178
a gateway to achieving
the ultimate tyrant's dream:
385
00:23:50,262 --> 00:23:52,305
a regime without end.
386
00:23:52,389 --> 00:23:57,018
The final chapter awaits
in the hermit kingdom of North Korea,
387
00:23:57,102 --> 00:24:00,522
where the Kim Dynasty
has cracked the code to eternal rule.
388
00:24:01,314 --> 00:24:03,483
Are you ready to become a god?