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Winston Churchill,
a giant of history,
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famous for his inspiring leadership.
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Advance, Britannia!
Long live the cause of freedom.
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But behind the legend lies
a complicated character.
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People tend to see
Churchill - the icon,
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Churchill - the bulldog warrior
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and, of course,
that's not the whole story.
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He was an aristocrat and
a man of the people...
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It says a lot for his charisma
and his humility
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that he was accepted and liked.
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...a trailblazer who also
had questionable beliefs.
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He is an old-school imperialist.
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He calls Indian people
"the dusky nation".
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This is the story of the man
behind the myth,
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using rarely seen footage,
personal photographs,
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and told by those who knew him well.
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When my grandfather was at home,
everything revolved around him.
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It seemed to be a natural
way of life.
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This is the REAL Churchill.
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This time, we'll discover
Churchill's final years.
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This great hero kept fighting
until the very end.
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Churchill's reckless behaviour
in old age
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threatens to jeopardise
his place in history...
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Churchill, the British bulldog,
is looking much more like a playboy.
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...before one of the most elaborate
funerals Britain has ever seen
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seals his legacy
for generations to come.
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You would have been struck
by a sense
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that you yourself
were witnessing history.
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It's been 17 years since Winston
Churchill led the country to victory
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in the Second World War.
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The two-time prime minister
and celebrated war hero
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is seeing out his days in style
in Monte Carlo.
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Churchill loved
going to Monte Carlo.
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He loved the glamour of the place.
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He was someone who always enjoyed
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mixing with the rich and famous,
and he enjoyed sailing and cruising.
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He's staying at the Hotel de Paris
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with his 19-year-old
granddaughter, Celia.
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The Hotel de Paris was very
luxurious, 20 steps from the casino
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and beautiful views overlooking
the sea and overlooking the harbour
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with all the wonderful yachts.
It was absolutely amazing.
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Churchill and Celia have been
in Monte Carlo for a few days.
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While Churchill is frail,
he's enjoying himself hugely.
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Then, early one morning,
Churchill falls out of bed.
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HEAVY THUD
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The 87-year-old lies on the floor,
unable to move.
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He fears this could be the end.
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After nearly an hour of agony,
Churchill's discovered.
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He's rushed to the nearest hospital.
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Churchill's granddaughter, Celia,
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and his private secretary,
Anthony Montague Browne,
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rush to his bedside.
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CELIA SANDYS: Anthony said,
"Celia, you must prepare yourself.
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"He's not going to make it."
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And I realised that this
was serious.
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At the hospital, the doctors
discover Churchill's broken his hip
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and needs emergency surgery.
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He was lying in bed, looking
incredibly frail,
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surrounded by more medical staff
than you imagine
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there could possibly be
in the hospital.
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And he sort of rallied enough
strength and dismissed them all,
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turned to Anthony and said,
"I want to die in England.
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"You'll make sure that happens,
won't you?"
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And he didn't get an instant reply
so he said, "Promise me, Anthony."
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50 Anthony said, "I promise."
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But, as we went back to the hotel,
Anthony said, "You know, Celia,
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"that's a promise I don't think
I'm going to be able to keep."
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To carry out Churchill's dying wish,
his private secretary acts quickly.
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He calls Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan.
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He's absolutely adamant,
as is Churchill,
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that he should not die in France.
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Churchill's reputation,
Churchill's whole claim to greatness
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is that he was the man who rescued
Britain during the Second World War.
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So for this British hero to die
while in a luxury penthouse
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in a hotel in the south of France,
this is not appropriate.
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Macmillan immediately sends
an RAF jet
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to get Churchill back
to Britain alive.
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The next morning, accompanied
by his granddaughter,
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Churchill starts the journey home.
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I sat next to him and
all I could do was to hold his hand
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and hope and pray that
he would make it.
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By the time we got to Heathrow,
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he didn't seem to be any better.
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But he caught sight of a
little group of airport workers
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and they were absolutely
silent and looking distraught,
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and he seemed to get a dose
of adrenaline...
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...and he smiled and he gave them
a V-sign and they clapped
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and I knew
that he was going to be all right.
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I love that Churchill flashed
the V for victory sign
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as he was on a stretcher,
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and I think that really
dramatically shows his awareness
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of his public image.
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By the time he arrives
at a central London hospital,
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crowds have gathered to catch
a glimpse of the ailing Churchill.
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Churchill does appear
like a rock star in this footage -
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huge crowds gathering around him
as he's wheeled out,
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waiting to get a view of their hero.
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I think it brings home to you
the extent
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that he was an international
celebrity in this period.
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NEWSREEL: In plaster from thigh to
ankle and strapped onto a stretcher,
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the old warrior was gently
lifted out.
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We alljoin Lady Churchill
and his family
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in praying for a complete recovery.
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55 days later, Churchill is carried
out of the hospital
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to rounds of applause.
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NEWSREEL: When has there been a man
to compare with Winston Churchill?
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And what a crush there was to be
among the first to see him.
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It's the cigar and the V-sign
that become his trademarks.
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Everyone imagines that he was
constantly smoking a cigar,
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but the fact is that the cigar
was lit as he went out of the house.
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He knew he must keep
the public happy
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and give them a cigar and a V-sign.
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Less than a year later,
Churchill is recovered
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and on his way back to Monte Carlo.
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Churchill, the British bulldog -
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you'd have expected him
to spend his time watching cricket,
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drinking warm beer,
very English things,
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but he can't wait
to get out of England
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and live the life
of a sort of luxurious lizard
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in the south of France.
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The journey there is a performance.
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He didn't travel light. He took
huge quantities of luggage.
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And we'd arrive at Nice Airport.
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We'd go with a motorcycle escort
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from Nice to Monte Carlo
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and then we'd go
to the Hotel de Paris,
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where we would arrive,
and that's where we'd be staying.
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My grandfather, he'd have the whole
suite on the top floor,
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which was very nice.
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Once he's checked in to
his usual penthouse suite,
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Churchill can indulge in one of his
lifelong passions - gambling.
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Gambling and visiting the casinos
gave him very genuine enjoyment,
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even when he lost.
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Churchill, having this love
of luxury and gambling,
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this is a side of Churchill
which we perhaps gloss over,
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but it's a very important part
of his character.
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Churchill needed an adrenaline
rush in his life.
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He likes taking risks.
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That's one of the things
that you can argue
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makes him such an effective
war leader.
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But, in peacetime,
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it means that he needs to fulfil
that need in other ways
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and gambling is something
that gives him that.
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Churchill's wife, Clementine,
doesn't like him gambling.
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He would lose money and he would
promise never to do it again,
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and then he would do it again.
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So Churchill tries to indulge
in his favourite pastime discreetly.
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He could go down through a door
in the lobby
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and down into a secret passage
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which led him under the square
and up into the casino,
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so no-one knew where he'd gone.
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But his celebrity follows
Churchill wherever he goes.
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When Churchill goes to the casinos,
he is greeted with applause
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and people treat him as a hero.
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On one occasion, Frank Sinatra
came up and shook his hand and said,
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"I've always wanted to do that."
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And my grandfather turned
to his private secretary and said,
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"Who the hell is that?"
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Having had enough of his fans,
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Churchill takes a break
with his new best friend,
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millionaire Greek shipping magnate,
Aristotle Onassis.
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For Onassis, Churchill
is something of a trophy.
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He does tend to collect
famous individuals.
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Churchill, he is the most
recognisable man on the planet,
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and so he's looking for retreats.
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And, of course, Aristotle Onassis
can give Churchill
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the sort of luxury escape
that he needs.
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The two men set sail, cruising
the Mediterranean on the Christina,
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the mega yacht of Aristotle Onassis.
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My grandfather loved travelling
on the Christina.
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He said,
"I'm a man of simple tastes,
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"easily satisfied by the best".
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It was an extraordinary, luxurious,
wonderful boat.
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This is a photograph of the
88-year-old Churchill and Onassis
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when they came ashore
on their cruise.
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Churchill's wife, Clementine,
isn't happy with his antics
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in the south of France.
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She's worried about how
they might affect his legacy.
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Clementine never liked
the south of France.
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She thought it was a sunny place
for shady people.
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She didn't really like the way
that everyone fawns over Churchill.
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She wanted him to enjoy himself,
to have great holidays,
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but this was actually rather vulgar.
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It's not consistent with the
popular view of Churchill
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as being the man who won the war.
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Here is somebody who is
completely comfortable
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and totally self-indulgent.
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Churchill doesn't care
if his lifestyle
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is threatening
to tarnish his reputation.
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He thinks he's already set his image
for generations to come in print.
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é
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This is the man whostood up in the
House of Commons in the late 19405
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and said that he thought it was best
for all parties
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to leave the past to history,
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especially as he was going to
write that history himself.
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In 1953, Churchill published
the sixth and final volume
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of his history of
the Second World War.
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It's no surprise that Churchill's
history of the Second World War
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places him at the heart of events.
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And in particular, Dunkirk,
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the moment where the
island nation stood alone
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against Nazi tyranny
and was roused by his rhetoric.
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So, by writing a history,
he was able to weave the way
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that the memory of the Second World
War was constructed in Britain.
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Churchill's confident
that if he dies tomorrow,
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his legacy is sealed.
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So he goes on living
his playboy lifestyle.
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But what he does next threatens
to destroy everything.
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Winston Churchill is on his way
to the Houses of Parliament.
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He's just got back from his latest
jaunt to the French Riviera.
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But despite being 88 years old,
he's still a serving MP.
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It's hard to think how
one could possibly have
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a longer political career.
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He first stood in
a by-election in 1899.
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He achieved the unique feat
of switching parties twice.
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He lost seats and had to change
constituencies a number of times.
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But in spite of that, ended up as
the Father of the House of Commons,
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the longest serving MP.
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Today is a rare visit.
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Churchill doesn't attend the House
of Commons very often any more.
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To preserve Churchill's legacy as
Britain's great war leader,
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many would prefer he stopped attending
the House of Commons altogether.
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One of the big debates
for Churchill's inner circle,
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and for the party, is,
how do you persuade someone
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like Winston Churchill
to stand down and finally retire?
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There was talk about the possibility
of him becoming a duke,
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but he is not at all interested
in going to the Lords.
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He enjoyed being plain
Mr Winston Churchill.
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And, of course,
as Mr Winston Churchill,
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he knew that he was already on
a plane of celebrity
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that was far above any member
of the House of Lords.
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On arrival,
Churchill heads to the bar.
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É
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00:15:51,014 --> 00:15:52,829
é
242
00:15:52,854 --> 00:15:55,629
é
243
00:15:55,654 --> 00:15:57,859
é
244
00:15:57,884 --> 00:15:59,749
é
245
00:16:02,734 --> 00:16:05,629
Turning up to the House of Commons
only to prop up the bar
246
00:16:05,654 --> 00:16:08,488
is damaging Churchill's
political reputation.
247
00:16:10,934 --> 00:16:12,989
And it's costing him votes.
248
00:16:13,014 --> 00:16:17,429
At the last general election, the
Conservatives won by a landslide,
249
00:16:17,454 --> 00:16:20,629
but Churchill's majority went down.
250
00:16:22,054 --> 00:16:25,029
For a new generation of voters
born in the 19405 -
251
00:16:25,054 --> 00:16:28,239
people who hadn't lived through
the Second World War and
252
00:16:28,264 --> 00:16:31,959
hadn't seen Churchill's performance
during the Second World War -
253
00:16:31,984 --> 00:16:35,049
Churchill was the last of
the Victorians.
254
00:16:35,074 --> 00:16:40,339
This bumbling figure in Victorian
clothes, walking with a stick.
255
00:16:40,364 --> 00:16:43,049
He had very little relevance
256
00:16:43,074 --> 00:16:46,049
to the bright new world of
the swinging '60$.
257
00:16:50,234 --> 00:16:53,049
In this modern world,
even Churchill's own party
258
00:16:53,074 --> 00:16:55,158
consider him out of date.
259
00:16:57,513 --> 00:16:59,649
Of course, there's lots
of respect for him
260
00:16:59,674 --> 00:17:02,488
and admiration for his achievement,
261
00:17:02,513 --> 00:17:05,849
but the Conservative Party,
to survive and win elections,
262
00:17:05,874 --> 00:17:08,368
can't just rely on older voters,
263
00:17:08,393 --> 00:17:11,519
it has to appeal to this
new electorate, as well,
264
00:17:11,544 --> 00:17:15,979
and wheeling out Winston Churchill
isn't going to help them do that.
265
00:17:19,824 --> 00:17:22,368
Churchill is out of step
with mainstream opinion
266
00:17:22,393 --> 00:17:24,618
on one of the biggest
issues of the day...
267
00:17:26,154 --> 00:17:28,288
...the end of the British Empire.
268
00:17:29,824 --> 00:17:32,269
Kenya is about to gain
its independence.
269
00:17:35,024 --> 00:17:37,039
For Churchill,
the great imperialist,
270
00:17:37,064 --> 00:17:40,199
this is a change he just can't
get his head around.
271
00:17:42,094 --> 00:17:47,039
É
272
00:17:49,373 --> 00:17:52,278
é
273
00:17:52,303 --> 00:17:53,999
F
274
00:17:56,784 --> 00:18:01,851
He did not want decolonisation
to jeopardise white supremacy.
275
00:18:01,876 --> 00:18:05,030
There's a temptation to fall back
on the tired narrative
276
00:18:05,055 --> 00:18:08,389
that these historical figures
are products of their time,
277
00:18:08,414 --> 00:18:12,469
as if to imply that their racism
was more acceptable back then.
278
00:18:12,494 --> 00:18:17,750
But British attitudes towards
colonisation were starting to turn.
279
00:18:17,775 --> 00:18:19,389
Churchill was, in this sense,
280
00:18:19,414 --> 00:18:21,519
out of touch with
the British public.
281
00:18:23,935 --> 00:18:26,800
Unable to stop the end
of his beloved Empire,
282
00:18:26,825 --> 00:18:31,420
Churchill becomes increasingly
downbeat about his political legacy.
283
00:18:34,855 --> 00:18:38,269
He'd said in 1942 he'd not become
the King's First Minister
284
00:18:38,294 --> 00:18:41,469
in order to preside over the
liquidation of the British Empire.
285
00:18:41,494 --> 00:18:44,750
Nonetheless, the empire
which he wanted to preserve
286
00:18:44,775 --> 00:18:47,030
is clearly on its way out.
287
00:18:47,055 --> 00:18:48,589
He says on at least one occasion,
288
00:18:48,614 --> 00:18:50,750
"I have achieved everything
only to achieve nothing".
289
00:19:00,494 --> 00:19:03,060
Eventually, Churchill's wife,
Clementine,
290
00:19:03,085 --> 00:19:05,469
persuades the 89-year-old
he must retire.
291
00:19:11,085 --> 00:19:13,700
This photo was taken of him
as he made his way
292
00:19:13,725 --> 00:19:16,420
to the House of Commons
for the final time.
293
00:19:18,055 --> 00:19:19,980
F
294
00:19:20,005 --> 00:19:22,259
F
295
00:19:22,284 --> 00:19:26,339
é
296
00:19:26,364 --> 00:19:28,750
é
297
00:19:28,775 --> 00:19:31,190
é
298
00:19:33,494 --> 00:19:37,700
Churchill has served longer than
any other MP in the 20th century,
299
00:19:37,725 --> 00:19:41,150
yet there's no fanfare
during his final visit.
300
00:19:44,855 --> 00:19:46,259
Proceedings went on as usual.
301
00:19:46,284 --> 00:19:49,030
Nobody noticed when Churchill
entered the chamber.
302
00:19:50,335 --> 00:19:55,339
He sat down in his usual seat
and listened a bit to the debate,
303
00:19:55,364 --> 00:19:57,310
and then he left the chamber.
304
00:19:58,925 --> 00:20:03,230
Churchill walked past the Speaker's
Chair on his way out of the chamber,
305
00:20:03,255 --> 00:20:06,550
he turned very awkwardly,
because he was very stiff,
306
00:20:06,575 --> 00:20:09,620
and bowed to the Speaker
and walked on -
307
00:20:09,645 --> 00:20:12,389
and that was his final goodbye
to the House of Commons.
308
00:20:22,255 --> 00:20:25,339
Out of politics for
the first time in 65 years,
309
00:20:25,364 --> 00:20:30,620
Churchill retreats to Kent and his
much-loved country home, Chartwell.
310
00:20:35,005 --> 00:20:40,469
What you see is a gradual
withdrawing into himself.
311
00:20:43,775 --> 00:20:48,790
He's clearly no longer capable
of the sustained repartee
312
00:20:48,815 --> 00:20:53,389
and conversation that
he'd been famous for in the past.
313
00:20:53,414 --> 00:20:59,230
The things that he takes pleasure
from become simpler and simpler.
314
00:20:59,255 --> 00:21:03,980
To the extent where he enjoys
sitting and watching the butterflies
315
00:21:04,005 --> 00:21:05,900
in the garden at Chartwell.
316
00:21:12,055 --> 00:21:15,230
It's already been decided
that this home of the great man
317
00:21:15,255 --> 00:21:17,620
is so important,
it should be preserved.
318
00:21:17,645 --> 00:21:21,469
When Churchill dies, it will be
given to the National Trust
319
00:21:21,494 --> 00:21:23,670
and opened to the public.
320
00:21:23,695 --> 00:21:27,430
Of course, all of our homes
change in terms of decor
321
00:21:27,455 --> 00:21:29,509
and use of spaces over time.
322
00:21:29,534 --> 00:21:32,540
So they have to pick
a particular point to represent.
323
00:21:34,815 --> 00:21:39,150
Churchill's wife, Clementine,
spots an opportunity.
324
00:21:39,175 --> 00:21:44,389
She starts thinking about how
Chartwell could help to shape his legacy.
325
00:21:44,414 --> 00:21:48,750
Clementine orders it to be restored
to how it had been in its heyday.
326
00:21:48,775 --> 00:21:51,070
So it's longer
reconfigured, as it was,
327
00:21:51,095 --> 00:21:53,180
to accommodate an elderly man.
328
00:21:54,484 --> 00:21:56,870
The grab rails will have to go.
329
00:21:56,895 --> 00:21:59,589
Clementine doesn't want people
to remember her husband
330
00:21:59,614 --> 00:22:01,900
as a doddering old man.
331
00:22:01,925 --> 00:22:04,670
I think it's particularly
interesting to think about
332
00:22:04,695 --> 00:22:07,459
Lady Churchill curating
her husband's legacy.
333
00:22:07,484 --> 00:22:10,540
It's Lady Churchill's wish
that Chartwell will reflect
334
00:22:10,565 --> 00:22:12,900
the golden age of Chartwell,
335
00:22:12,925 --> 00:22:17,280
which in her mind
was the late '205 and 19305,
336
00:22:17,305 --> 00:22:20,695
in those years in the lead-up
to the Second World War.
337
00:22:22,413 --> 00:22:26,819
É
338
00:22:26,844 --> 00:22:29,309
F
339
00:22:29,334 --> 00:22:33,349
é
340
00:22:33,374 --> 00:22:35,819
F
341
00:22:35,844 --> 00:22:41,099
é
342
00:22:42,974 --> 00:22:45,349
THUNDEROUS APPLAUSE
343
00:22:45,374 --> 00:22:49,149
Ten years ago, she took against
a portrait given to Churchill
344
00:22:49,174 --> 00:22:52,149
by the House of Commons
on his 80th birthday.
345
00:22:52,174 --> 00:22:54,429
She had it burned.
346
00:22:54,454 --> 00:22:58,628
The portrait is a remarkable
example of modern art.
347
00:22:58,653 --> 00:23:00,378
LAUGHTER
348
00:23:03,844 --> 00:23:06,378
My grandmother wasn't going
to let it see the light of day.
349
00:23:06,403 --> 00:23:08,309
She thought it was very
unflattering.
350
00:23:08,334 --> 00:23:11,149
She would've liked him to look
as he looked in his finest hour,
351
00:23:11,174 --> 00:23:13,378
not as he looked as a
very old 80-year-old with
352
00:23:13,403 --> 00:23:16,099
his fly buttons looking as though
they were about to come undone.
353
00:23:16,124 --> 00:23:17,919
It was a very unattractive picture.
354
00:23:22,204 --> 00:23:25,378
Churchill's 90th birthday
is approaching fast.
355
00:23:25,403 --> 00:23:27,739
He and Clementine leave Chartwell
356
00:23:27,764 --> 00:23:30,989
and make their way to their
London home to celebrate.
357
00:23:32,483 --> 00:23:35,458
When he left Chartwell
in the autumn of 1964,
358
00:23:35,483 --> 00:23:39,458
he didn't know he wouldn't come back
again to the home that he loved.
359
00:23:41,764 --> 00:23:44,739
But as this extraordinary life
comes to a close,
360
00:23:44,764 --> 00:23:48,588
Churchill's fighting spirit
will go on to the very end.
361
00:24:03,414 --> 00:24:06,319
It's Winston Churchill's
90th birthday.
362
00:24:06,344 --> 00:24:09,299
He's celebrating with his family
at his London home.
363
00:24:10,733 --> 00:24:15,269
É
364
00:24:15,294 --> 00:24:19,219
F
365
00:24:19,244 --> 00:24:22,009
é
366
00:24:22,034 --> 00:24:24,369
F
367
00:24:25,623 --> 00:24:29,009
Those who were around Churchill
in those final years
368
00:24:29,034 --> 00:24:32,879
were incredibly protective
and discreet.
369
00:24:34,394 --> 00:24:36,848
Churchill's mental health
is something
370
00:24:36,873 --> 00:24:39,159
that was not discussed at the time,
371
00:24:39,184 --> 00:24:42,799
but it is clear
that it was declining.
372
00:24:42,824 --> 00:24:46,079
It would be surprising,
given his age,
373
00:24:46,104 --> 00:24:50,329
if there hadn't been
signs of dementia.
374
00:24:54,594 --> 00:24:56,648
Now Churchill's finally retired,
375
00:24:56,673 --> 00:25:00,409
Clementine hopes her husband
can have a quiet and dignified end.
376
00:25:01,954 --> 00:25:04,129
REPORTER: At Sir Winston's house
in Hyde Park Gate,
377
00:25:04,154 --> 00:25:06,409
crowds of well-wishers
braved the wintry weather
378
00:25:06,434 --> 00:25:09,718
during the birthday celebration
of the greatest living Englishman.
379
00:25:11,434 --> 00:25:15,409
Among the throng are dozens
of television cameras and reporters.
380
00:25:17,873 --> 00:25:21,518
Churchill goes to the window
to greet the crowds.
381
00:25:21,543 --> 00:25:25,768
He's wearing one of his
velvet one-piece siren suits
382
00:25:25,793 --> 00:25:28,929
that he wore during
the Second World War.
383
00:25:28,954 --> 00:25:31,718
He's clearly very frail,
384
00:25:31,743 --> 00:25:36,648
but you can see that even now
he still wants to play this role.
385
00:25:36,673 --> 00:25:39,159
CHEERING
386
00:25:39,184 --> 00:25:41,898
There are huge numbers
of crowds there.
387
00:25:41,923 --> 00:25:43,768
Plenty of umbrellas, showing
388
00:25:43,793 --> 00:25:45,968
they were withstanding the elements
in order to be there,
389
00:25:45,993 --> 00:25:50,799
and Lady Churchill there
on hand to help her husband.
390
00:25:52,384 --> 00:25:55,799
And then she very purposefully
closes the window.
391
00:25:55,824 --> 00:26:00,799
She's prepared to allow the crowd
a glimpse of him, but no more.
392
00:26:03,384 --> 00:26:07,129
For Lady Churchill, Winston
came first, second and third.
393
00:26:08,384 --> 00:26:11,569
She poured so much
of her time and energy
394
00:26:11,594 --> 00:26:14,518
into not only supporting
her husband,
395
00:26:14,543 --> 00:26:18,129
but advising and being
an absolute rock for him
396
00:26:18,154 --> 00:26:20,768
throughout their entire marriage.
397
00:26:20,793 --> 00:26:24,209
She wants to make sure
that his legacy is secured,
398
00:26:24,234 --> 00:26:26,799
and is keen to do whatever she can
399
00:26:26,824 --> 00:26:29,409
to support the continuation
of his legacy.
400
00:26:35,718 --> 00:26:38,304
Less than a month after
his 90th birthday,
401
00:26:38,329 --> 00:26:42,904
Churchill has a major stroke
and needs round-the-clock care.
402
00:26:42,929 --> 00:26:45,264
But there's still plenty
of life in him.
403
00:26:46,569 --> 00:26:51,414
É
404
00:26:51,439 --> 00:26:55,414
There are lots of stories
about Churchill's refusal
405
00:26:55,439 --> 00:26:58,693
to conform with doctors' orders.
406
00:26:58,718 --> 00:27:02,544
There's no doubt
that he was stubborn,
407
00:27:02,569 --> 00:27:05,054
and that if he wanted
to do something,
408
00:27:05,079 --> 00:27:07,334
then he would make it happen.
409
00:27:07,359 --> 00:27:10,024
He would still smoke cigars in bed
410
00:27:10,049 --> 00:27:11,904
and occasionally set light
to the sheets.
411
00:27:11,929 --> 00:27:14,024
He wasn't an easy patient.
412
00:27:21,689 --> 00:27:25,434
Behind the scenes, top secret plans
for what should happen
413
00:27:25,459 --> 00:27:29,104
when Churchill finally dies
swing into action.
414
00:27:29,129 --> 00:27:32,894
These plans,
codenamed Operation Hope Not,
415
00:27:32,919 --> 00:27:35,664
were first drawn up
over ten years ago,
416
00:27:35,689 --> 00:27:38,104
and come from the very top.
417
00:27:38,129 --> 00:27:40,054
Queen Elizabeth II decides
418
00:27:40,079 --> 00:27:43,184
that Winston Churchill
will have a state funeral.
419
00:27:43,209 --> 00:27:45,534
It is at the monarch's discretion.
420
00:27:45,559 --> 00:27:48,104
It's an incredibly rare event
in history.
421
00:27:48,129 --> 00:27:52,334
Only a handful of individuals
have ever been given state funerals.
422
00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:56,224
The Queen has known Winston
Churchill all of her life.
423
00:27:56,249 --> 00:28:00,184
They met first when she was
just two years old.
424
00:28:01,848 --> 00:28:06,164
Having witnessed his role as Prime
Minister in the Second World War,
425
00:28:06,189 --> 00:28:09,424
Queen Elizabeth II made arrangements
426
00:28:09,449 --> 00:28:13,664
that Winston Churchill should be
given a funeral, to use her words,
427
00:28:13,689 --> 00:28:16,224
"on a scale befitting
his position in history".
428
00:28:18,098 --> 00:28:20,304
And so, from that point onwards,
429
00:28:20,329 --> 00:28:24,073
the scale of proceedings
grew and grew as time went on.
430
00:28:24,098 --> 00:28:27,943
There was a growing sense that
he should, at the end of his life,
431
00:28:27,968 --> 00:28:31,714
have an occasion
which could be witnessed by
432
00:28:31,739 --> 00:28:34,164
as many people as possible.
433
00:28:34,189 --> 00:28:38,943
It's very clear that this is going
to be an enormous public occasion.
434
00:28:46,489 --> 00:28:49,714
When the story gets out
that Churchill is seriously ill,
435
00:28:49,739 --> 00:28:52,534
his London home
is surrounded by people.
436
00:28:53,689 --> 00:28:56,384
É
437
00:28:56,409 --> 00:28:59,024
é
438
00:28:59,049 --> 00:29:00,894
F
439
00:29:00,919 --> 00:29:04,024
It becomes a media circus.
440
00:29:04,049 --> 00:29:06,584
With Churchill's doctor, Lord Moran,
441
00:29:06,609 --> 00:29:10,104
giving updates on his health
from the doorstep.
442
00:29:10,129 --> 00:29:14,613
É
443
00:29:16,049 --> 00:29:18,584
Each day, the crowds grow larger.
444
00:29:21,609 --> 00:29:25,743
Eventually, Clementine asks people
to move away from the house.
445
00:29:27,768 --> 00:29:30,024
From a distance,
the vigil continues,
446
00:29:30,049 --> 00:29:33,144
as Churchill's health
dominates the news.
447
00:29:34,409 --> 00:29:37,174
The headline of that newspaper
is very significant.
448
00:29:37,199 --> 00:29:40,863
This is the story of Winston
battling death.
449
00:29:40,888 --> 00:29:46,304
The story gets told as another
example of this great hero
450
00:29:46,329 --> 00:29:48,894
struggling in adversity.
451
00:29:48,919 --> 00:29:52,174
He kept fighting until the very end.
452
00:29:54,689 --> 00:29:58,643
Not everyone is speaking in hushed
tones around the dying Churchill.
453
00:30:00,379 --> 00:30:03,434
Churchill's a symbol
of the old order.
454
00:30:03,459 --> 00:30:06,953
He becomes a target
for the satirists.
455
00:30:06,978 --> 00:30:11,434
Private Eye is founded in 1963,
456
00:30:11,459 --> 00:30:14,434
and they start referring
to Churchill as,
457
00:30:14,459 --> 00:30:18,104
"the greatest dying Englishman".
458
00:30:18,129 --> 00:30:22,394
The legacy Churchill and Clementine
have worked so hard to shape
459
00:30:22,419 --> 00:30:24,034
is under threat.
460
00:30:29,409 --> 00:30:33,794
After several days, Churchill
is showing no signs of recovery.
461
00:30:35,539 --> 00:30:37,264
His son-in-law, Christopher Soames,
462
00:30:37,289 --> 00:30:40,034
arrives to sit
at Churchill's bedside.
463
00:30:42,699 --> 00:30:47,464
He turns to Soames and says,
"I am so bored of it all",
464
00:30:47,489 --> 00:30:49,354
and then slips into a coma.
465
00:30:50,898 --> 00:30:53,054
Churchill's last words,
"I'm so bored with it all",
466
00:30:53,079 --> 00:30:54,734
is very surprising, really.
467
00:30:54,759 --> 00:30:58,304
Given Churchill's concern
with his reputation,
468
00:30:58,329 --> 00:31:00,943
you might have expected
that Churchill would come up with
469
00:31:00,968 --> 00:31:03,264
some witty one-liner,
470
00:31:03,289 --> 00:31:05,144
but there was nothing like that.
471
00:31:05,169 --> 00:31:07,304
These words, "I'm so bored
with it all"
472
00:31:07,329 --> 00:31:09,424
is such a human emotion, isn't it?
473
00:31:17,649 --> 00:31:21,983
Ten days later,
on January 24, 1965,
474
00:31:22,008 --> 00:31:24,983
Churchill's family are gathered
around his bedside.
475
00:31:26,649 --> 00:31:30,344
F
476
00:31:30,369 --> 00:31:33,094
é
477
00:31:33,119 --> 00:31:34,863
£
478
00:31:34,888 --> 00:31:39,784
é
479
00:31:39,809 --> 00:31:42,624
F
480
00:31:55,039 --> 00:31:58,014
Exactly 70 years earlier,
to the day,
481
00:31:58,039 --> 00:32:00,943
his father, Lord Randolph Churchill,
passed away.
482
00:32:03,199 --> 00:32:05,704
But you've not just got
that coincidence.
483
00:32:05,729 --> 00:32:10,294
There is this incredible fact that
for the last ten years of his life,
484
00:32:10,319 --> 00:32:12,584
he has been telling people
that he's convinced
485
00:32:12,609 --> 00:32:16,733
he is going to pass away on
the same day that his father did.
486
00:32:18,968 --> 00:32:23,504
Churchill was holding out to die
on the same day of his father -
487
00:32:23,529 --> 00:32:29,264
a man who had such an influence
and impact on his life.
488
00:32:29,289 --> 00:32:32,264
Churchill was arguably always
trying to prove himself
489
00:32:32,289 --> 00:32:34,454
to the memory of his father.
490
00:32:34,479 --> 00:32:39,203
And I think what you're seeing here
may be the last example
491
00:32:39,228 --> 00:32:42,454
of that Churchillian spirit and will
492
00:32:42,479 --> 00:32:45,014
in holding out to die on that day.
493
00:32:46,479 --> 00:32:50,224
Churchill has died,
but his story isn't over.
494
00:32:50,249 --> 00:32:53,904
When his long-awaited funeral
finally gets under way,
495
00:32:53,929 --> 00:32:56,654
many hope this historic send-off
496
00:32:56,679 --> 00:32:59,344
will unite the nation
as never before.
497
00:33:14,709 --> 00:33:18,003
It's three days
since Winston Churchill died.
498
00:33:19,459 --> 00:33:22,354
In central London, they're holding
a full-scale rehearsal
499
00:33:22,379 --> 00:33:24,564
for his state funeral.
500
00:33:24,589 --> 00:33:27,564
An event it's hoped
will define his legacy
501
00:33:27,589 --> 00:33:31,354
as the greatest Englishman
for generations to come.
502
00:33:31,379 --> 00:33:34,284
The solemnity of the procession
503
00:33:34,309 --> 00:33:37,564
is very, very carefully
choreographed.
504
00:33:37,589 --> 00:33:39,844
Nothing was being left to chance.
505
00:33:41,989 --> 00:33:45,323
Years of planning have gone
into Churchill's funeral,
506
00:33:45,348 --> 00:33:48,514
but some are concerned
that all this pageantry
507
00:33:48,539 --> 00:33:51,873
could strike the wrong note
in 19605 Britain.
508
00:33:51,898 --> 00:33:54,073
You've got to think
that at this point,
509
00:33:54,098 --> 00:33:56,844
you're in the height of
the swinging '60$.
510
00:33:56,869 --> 00:34:00,873
You are in one of the most
exciting cities in the world.
511
00:34:00,898 --> 00:34:04,634
We have the satire boom,
we have The Beatles.
512
00:34:06,268 --> 00:34:10,073
But Churchill's funeral
points to an older,
513
00:34:10,098 --> 00:34:14,091
traditional model of
British greatness.
514
00:34:16,373 --> 00:34:19,237
In the East End,
there's already a problem.
515
00:34:19,262 --> 00:34:21,428
After the funeral service,
516
00:34:21,453 --> 00:34:24,077
Churchill's coffin is to
be carried down the Thames,
517
00:34:24,102 --> 00:34:27,398
and it's been decided
that the cranes of the Docklands
518
00:34:27,423 --> 00:34:31,317
should lower their jibs
out of respect for the great man.
519
00:34:31,342 --> 00:34:34,478
But the clock workers
are refusing to do it.
520
00:34:34,503 --> 00:34:39,918
We shouldn't assume that everyone
admired Churchill as a great man.
521
00:34:39,943 --> 00:34:42,987
Because we're usually so preoccupied
with the Second World War
522
00:34:43,012 --> 00:34:44,878
when we talk about Churchill,
523
00:34:44,903 --> 00:34:50,678
we can forget what an incredibly
contentious figure he was.
524
00:34:50,703 --> 00:34:54,628
Eventually, the dockers agreed
to take part in the funeral -
525
00:34:54,653 --> 00:34:56,038
for a price.
526
00:34:59,012 --> 00:35:01,348
Three days before
Churchill's funeral,
527
00:35:01,373 --> 00:35:05,268
the doors of Westminster Hall opened
for the public to pay their respects
528
00:35:05,293 --> 00:35:07,518
as Churchill lies in state.
529
00:35:09,012 --> 00:35:11,237
When Winston Churchill dies,
530
00:35:11,262 --> 00:35:15,518
he has been the longest-serving
politician of the 20th century.
531
00:35:15,543 --> 00:35:21,348
And so, it is fitting that the lying
in state take place in Westminster.
532
00:35:25,983 --> 00:35:29,428
The scene has been
carefully composed.
533
00:35:29,453 --> 00:35:33,148
The way that it has been laid out
is that your eyes
534
00:35:33,173 --> 00:35:36,038
are drawn completely
to the coffin in the middle.
535
00:35:36,063 --> 00:35:37,958
Draped in the Union Flag,
536
00:35:37,983 --> 00:35:41,398
beautifully lit by these candles
around the edge.
537
00:35:41,423 --> 00:35:43,598
You would have been struck
by a sense that
538
00:35:43,623 --> 00:35:45,908
you yourself
were witnessing history.
539
00:35:48,783 --> 00:35:51,428
The public response is overwhelming.
540
00:35:51,453 --> 00:35:54,117
Over the course of three days,
541
00:35:54,142 --> 00:35:57,838
300,000 people queue
in freezing conditions
542
00:35:57,863 --> 00:36:00,117
to pay their respects.
543
00:36:00,142 --> 00:36:04,187
Among them is Churchill's
former secretary, Lady Williams.
544
00:36:04,212 --> 00:36:07,838
É
545
00:36:07,863 --> 00:36:10,237
F
546
00:36:10,262 --> 00:36:12,758
%
547
00:36:12,783 --> 00:36:17,878
F
548
00:36:20,342 --> 00:36:24,678
Even those who have never met
Churchill are moved.
549
00:36:24,703 --> 00:36:27,518
People felt that they knew him
personally.
550
00:36:27,543 --> 00:36:30,708
Many of them would have heard
Churchill's voice
551
00:36:30,733 --> 00:36:33,878
over the airwaves
during World War II.
552
00:36:33,903 --> 00:36:37,067
Many of them would've been
in the Armed Forces, or civilians
553
00:36:37,092 --> 00:36:39,708
who might've been subjected
to bombing raids.
554
00:36:39,733 --> 00:36:43,908
This is a kind of elegy
for the profound experience
555
00:36:43,933 --> 00:36:45,548
of World War II.
556
00:36:45,573 --> 00:36:49,548
Some of the memories of which may
have become rose-tinted with time.
557
00:36:50,573 --> 00:36:52,468
BIG BEN TOLLS
558
00:36:58,493 --> 00:37:00,828
The day of Churchill's
funeral arrives.
559
00:37:04,462 --> 00:37:07,798
At 9:45, Big Ben tolls.
560
00:37:07,823 --> 00:37:09,798
BIG BEN TOLLS
561
00:37:09,823 --> 00:37:12,237
The coffin of the man who led
Britain to victory
562
00:37:12,262 --> 00:37:15,878
in the Second World War
begins its procession.
563
00:37:23,823 --> 00:37:26,828
REPORTER: Not since the last century
has the honour of a state funeral
564
00:37:26,853 --> 00:37:28,678
being accorded to a commoner.
565
00:37:28,703 --> 00:37:30,958
But who more worthy of it
than this man,
566
00:37:30,983 --> 00:37:35,158
who provided us with an image
of ourselves as we would wish to be?
567
00:37:35,183 --> 00:37:37,598
BAND STRIKE UP
568
00:37:37,623 --> 00:37:41,398
é
569
00:37:41,423 --> 00:37:45,648
é
570
00:37:45,673 --> 00:37:48,768
é
571
00:37:50,003 --> 00:37:53,007
é
572
00:37:53,032 --> 00:37:56,288
é
573
00:37:56,313 --> 00:38:00,007
é
574
00:38:00,032 --> 00:38:02,618
£
575
00:38:06,593 --> 00:38:09,377
Over half a million people
are lining the streets
576
00:38:09,402 --> 00:38:11,848
to watch Churchill's
funeral procession.
577
00:38:16,723 --> 00:38:18,898
The crowd was silent.
578
00:38:18,923 --> 00:38:21,457
And my sister and I were in
the same carriage.
579
00:38:21,482 --> 00:38:23,457
But it was an extraordinary journey.
580
00:38:23,482 --> 00:38:27,007
The crowds were so close,
you could see tears in their eyes.
581
00:38:28,723 --> 00:38:30,457
And it was terribly moving.
582
00:38:39,953 --> 00:38:43,848
Along with the mourners, there are
36 cameras along the route,
583
00:38:43,873 --> 00:38:46,257
broadcasting the event live
584
00:38:46,282 --> 00:38:50,457
to a global audience of
350 million people.
585
00:38:50,482 --> 00:38:52,648
Britain may have lost its empire,
586
00:38:52,673 --> 00:38:55,048
but it can still put on a show.
587
00:38:58,953 --> 00:39:02,738
Churchill's funeral
is a spectacular, epic event.
588
00:39:04,923 --> 00:39:07,127
Very, very carefully designed
589
00:39:07,152 --> 00:39:11,288
to be covered by the media
and in particular, by television.
590
00:39:13,953 --> 00:39:15,688
Every single thing along the way
591
00:39:15,713 --> 00:39:19,848
is designed to celebrate
his role as a wartime hero.
592
00:39:22,232 --> 00:39:24,018
You've got the 19-gun salute.
593
00:39:27,123 --> 00:39:28,848
You've got the fly-past.
594
00:39:30,352 --> 00:39:34,127
You've got thousands of soldiers
lining the route.
595
00:39:35,352 --> 00:39:39,098
Cavalry officers in their
plumed helmets and their red capes.
596
00:39:39,123 --> 00:39:42,408
You've got the guards regiments
in their bearskins,
597
00:39:42,433 --> 00:39:46,298
you've got the sailors in blue
who were pulling the gun carriages.
598
00:39:46,323 --> 00:39:52,098
# Zadok the priest
599
00:39:52,123 --> 00:39:59,457
# Ancl Nathan the prophet...#
600
00:40:00,683 --> 00:40:04,618
Churchill's funeral allows Britons
watching on the streets and at home
601
00:40:04,643 --> 00:40:07,018
to feel great again
because he connects them
602
00:40:07,043 --> 00:40:09,127
with the country's finest hour.
603
00:40:11,123 --> 00:40:13,568
With Britain's empire at an end,
604
00:40:13,593 --> 00:40:16,818
Britain returned to its glory days.
605
00:40:16,843 --> 00:40:20,377
And its glory days was its victory
in the Second World War,
606
00:40:20,402 --> 00:40:22,968
and Churchill
personified that victory.
607
00:40:34,713 --> 00:40:38,127
The funeral procession
arrives at St Paul's Cathedral
608
00:40:38,152 --> 00:40:40,848
for Churchill's memorial service.
609
00:40:40,873 --> 00:40:43,768
St Paul's Cathedral
is a really interesting choice.
610
00:40:43,793 --> 00:40:46,568
It's arguably more intuitive,
611
00:40:46,593 --> 00:40:50,127
given his role as a politician,
to have had it at Westminster Abbey,
612
00:40:50,152 --> 00:40:54,298
but we know that symbolism
played its part in the decision.
613
00:40:56,563 --> 00:40:59,938
During the Blitz,
St Paul's miraculous survival
614
00:40:59,963 --> 00:41:02,608
became a symbol
of British endurance.
615
00:41:04,402 --> 00:41:06,768
So it is perhaps fitting,
then, that this building
616
00:41:06,793 --> 00:41:09,658
associated with British
wartime resilience
617
00:41:09,683 --> 00:41:12,408
should host the funeral
of the figurehead
618
00:41:12,433 --> 00:41:16,018
of the nation's spirit
of resilience at that time.
619
00:41:25,243 --> 00:41:27,608
F
620
00:41:27,633 --> 00:41:31,048
é
621
00:41:32,232 --> 00:41:35,048
During the service,
despite her grief,
622
00:41:35,073 --> 00:41:38,738
Churchill's widow, Clementine,
is the model of composure.
623
00:41:38,763 --> 00:41:42,098
She summons every ounce
of her own strength
624
00:41:42,123 --> 00:41:45,888
that she will not show
her own emotions that day.
625
00:41:45,913 --> 00:41:48,488
She's incredibly dignified.
626
00:41:48,513 --> 00:41:51,577
That's how she wanted it all to be.
627
00:41:54,963 --> 00:41:58,267
After the service, Churchill's
coffin is taken by barge
628
00:41:58,292 --> 00:42:01,608
down the Thames,
to Waterloo Station.
629
00:42:01,633 --> 00:42:06,577
Having been paid off, it's time for
the clock workers to play their part.
630
00:42:08,491 --> 00:42:14,117
É
631
00:42:14,142 --> 00:42:18,077
é
632
00:42:18,102 --> 00:42:20,027
F
633
00:42:26,052 --> 00:42:29,226
With that final flourish,
this extraordinary event
634
00:42:29,251 --> 00:42:33,917
designed to seal Churchill's place
in history is over.
635
00:42:33,942 --> 00:42:36,436
At the end of her husband's funeral,
636
00:42:36,461 --> 00:42:39,306
Clementine turns to her
daughter, Mary, and says,
637
00:42:39,331 --> 00:42:42,387
"It wasn't a funeral,
it was a triumph".
638
00:42:44,412 --> 00:42:47,476
Churchill is now the embodiment
of Britain's victory
639
00:42:47,501 --> 00:42:49,277
in the Second World War,
640
00:42:49,302 --> 00:42:51,667
and it is this
that will be his legacy.
641
00:42:53,022 --> 00:42:57,997
That image of Churchill
leading his country to victory
642
00:42:58,022 --> 00:43:01,587
in the Second World War
is so powerful
643
00:43:01,612 --> 00:43:06,507
that it eclipses much that
he did before the war
644
00:43:06,532 --> 00:43:08,837
and much that he did afterwards.
645
00:43:10,381 --> 00:43:14,356
And it makes it hard
to pull his whole career,
646
00:43:14,381 --> 00:43:16,997
good and bad, into perspective.
647
00:43:23,532 --> 00:43:27,757
At 3:30, Churchill's coffin
arrives at a small churchyard
648
00:43:27,782 --> 00:43:30,997
in Bladon, Oxfordshire,
for a private burial.
649
00:43:33,451 --> 00:43:37,117
F
650
00:43:37,142 --> 00:43:39,226
F
651
00:43:40,742 --> 00:43:44,637
é
652
00:43:46,812 --> 00:43:49,507
Here, according to his wishes,
653
00:43:49,532 --> 00:43:52,426
Churchill is interred
alongside his father.
654
00:43:54,052 --> 00:43:56,864
É
655
00:43:56,889 --> 00:43:59,223
F
656
00:43:59,248 --> 00:44:02,274
F
657
00:44:02,299 --> 00:44:06,664
F
658
00:44:09,299 --> 00:44:10,944
It was a very simple service.
659
00:44:10,969 --> 00:44:12,864
There were a few prayers
660
00:44:12,889 --> 00:44:16,353
and the coffin was lowered
into the grave.
661
00:44:19,419 --> 00:44:22,144
As the coffin was lowered,
Clementine muttered these words,
662
00:44:22,169 --> 00:44:24,664
"I will be with you again,"
663
00:44:24,689 --> 00:44:27,353
and it was a very private
and a very tender moment.
664
00:44:30,729 --> 00:44:32,914
Away from the crowds
and the cameras,
665
00:44:32,939 --> 00:44:37,144
Churchill the man,
not the legend, is put to rest.
666
00:44:47,059 --> 00:44:50,034
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