1 00:00:06,806 --> 00:00:17,016 ♪ >>> PREVIOUSLY ON "LINCOLN: 2 00:00:17,018 --> 00:00:19,985 >>> PREVIOUSLY ON "LINCOLN: DIVIDED WE STAND" -- 3 00:00:19,987 --> 00:00:22,354 DIVIDED WE STAND" -- >> HE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE THE 4 00:00:22,356 --> 00:00:23,255 >> HE WAS SUPPOSED TO BE THE ROCK STAR, AN AMAZING POLITICIAN 5 00:00:23,257 --> 00:00:26,158 ROCK STAR, AN AMAZING POLITICIAN OF THE DAY. 6 00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:28,327 OF THE DAY. >> BUT AFTER HIS ONE TERM IN 7 00:00:28,329 --> 00:00:29,595 >> BUT AFTER HIS ONE TERM IN CONGRESS, PRESIDENT TAYLOR 8 00:00:29,597 --> 00:00:32,664 CONGRESS, PRESIDENT TAYLOR PASSES HIM OVER FOR THIS CABINET 9 00:00:32,666 --> 00:00:33,932 PASSES HIM OVER FOR THIS CABINET JOB. 10 00:00:33,934 --> 00:00:38,437 JOB. >> FEELS LIKE A FAILURE. 11 00:00:38,439 --> 00:00:40,239 >> FEELS LIKE A FAILURE. >> WHEN LINCOLN AND HIS FAMILY 12 00:00:40,241 --> 00:00:44,343 >> WHEN LINCOLN AND HIS FAMILY LEAVE WASHINGTON, D.C., HE WAS 13 00:00:44,345 --> 00:00:45,444 LEAVE WASHINGTON, D.C., HE WAS DISA 14 00:00:45,446 --> 00:00:45,878 DISA DISAPPOINTED. 15 00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:47,880 DISAPPOINTED. BUT HE WORKED VERY, VERY HARD TO 16 00:00:47,882 --> 00:00:51,150 BUT HE WORKED VERY, VERY HARD TO BUILD UP HIS LAW PRACTICE. 17 00:00:51,152 --> 00:00:52,918 BUILD UP HIS LAW PRACTICE. >> LINCOLN WAS A GREAT SPINNER 18 00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:57,623 >> LINCOLN WAS A GREAT SPINNER OF TALES FOR JURIES. 19 00:00:57,625 --> 00:00:59,892 OF TALES FOR JURIES. ONE TIME, HE SAID THIS REMINDS 20 00:00:59,894 --> 00:01:02,528 ONE TIME, HE SAID THIS REMINDS ME OF THE LITTLE BOY ON THE FARM 21 00:01:02,530 --> 00:01:04,663 ME OF THE LITTLE BOY ON THE FARM WHO COMES RUNNING IN TO HIS 22 00:01:04,665 --> 00:01:06,832 WHO COMES RUNNING IN TO HIS FATHER, AND SAYS, PA, PA, SISTER 23 00:01:06,834 --> 00:01:08,600 FATHER, AND SAYS, PA, PA, SISTER IS IN THE BARN. 24 00:01:08,602 --> 00:01:12,638 IS IN THE BARN. AND SHE'S GOT HER PANTS DOWN, 25 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:21,213 AND SHE'S GOT HER PANTS DOWN, AND SHE'S PINNED IN THE HAY 26 00:01:21,215 --> 00:01:23,282 AND SHE'S PINNED IN THE HAY LOFT, AND HE SAYS, MY BOY, 27 00:01:23,284 --> 00:01:25,217 LOFT, AND HE SAYS, MY BOY, YOU'VE GOT YOUR FACTS STRAIGHT, 28 00:01:25,219 --> 00:01:27,453 YOU'VE GOT YOUR FACTS STRAIGHT, AND YOU'VE COME TO THE WRONG 29 00:01:27,455 --> 00:01:27,853 AND YOU'VE COME TO THE WRONG CONCLUSIONS. 30 00:01:27,855 --> 00:01:29,988 CONCLUSIONS. AND HE TURNS TO THE JURY AND 31 00:01:29,990 --> 00:01:31,723 AND HE TURNS TO THE JURY AND SAYS, SOMETIMES THE FACTS DON'T 32 00:01:31,725 --> 00:01:37,329 SAYS, SOMETIMES THE FACTS DON'T LEAVE YOU TO THE RIGHT 33 00:01:37,331 --> 00:01:39,031 LEAVE YOU TO THE RIGHT CONCL 34 00:01:39,033 --> 00:01:39,431 CONCL CONCLUSIONS. 35 00:01:39,433 --> 00:01:40,165 CONCLUSIONS. >> LINCOLN WAS HONEST ABE, 36 00:01:40,167 --> 00:01:40,566 >> LINCOLN WAS HONEST ABE, BUT -- 37 00:01:40,568 --> 00:01:46,472 BUT -- >> THERE'S A TENDENCY TO SAY 38 00:01:46,474 --> 00:01:48,907 >> THERE'S A TENDENCY TO SAY HE'S A MORAL PARAGON OR A 39 00:01:48,909 --> 00:01:53,145 HE'S A MORAL PARAGON OR A POLITICAL ANIMAL. 40 00:01:53,147 --> 00:01:53,645 POLITICAL ANIMAL. NO, HE'S A HYBRID. 41 00:01:53,647 --> 00:01:54,313 NO, HE'S A HYBRID. YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND BOTH 42 00:01:54,315 --> 00:01:59,852 YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND BOTH SIDES. 43 00:02:04,691 --> 00:02:13,031 ♪ >>> BY 1854, SPAIN, FRANCE, AND 44 00:02:13,033 --> 00:02:16,869 >>> BY 1854, SPAIN, FRANCE, AND BRITAIN HAVE ABOLISHED SLAVERY. 45 00:02:16,871 --> 00:02:18,904 BRITAIN HAVE ABOLISHED SLAVERY. BUT IT'S VERY MUCH ALIVE IN THE 46 00:02:18,906 --> 00:02:20,572 BUT IT'S VERY MUCH ALIVE IN THE UNITED STATES. 47 00:02:20,574 --> 00:02:22,641 UNITED STATES. IN MAY, PRESIDENT PIERCE SIGNS 48 00:02:22,643 --> 00:02:25,177 IN MAY, PRESIDENT PIERCE SIGNS THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT. 49 00:02:25,179 --> 00:02:27,946 THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT. GIVING AMERICAN SLAVERY THE 50 00:02:27,948 --> 00:02:29,081 GIVING AMERICAN SLAVERY THE OPPORTUNITY TO EXPAND THROUGHOUT 51 00:02:29,083 --> 00:02:29,748 OPPORTUNITY TO EXPAND THROUGHOUT 500,000 SQUARE MILES OF NEW 52 00:02:29,750 --> 00:02:35,487 500,000 SQUARE MILES OF NEW TERRITORY. 53 00:02:35,489 --> 00:02:39,124 TERRITORY. >> THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT 54 00:02:39,126 --> 00:02:40,492 >> THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT REPEALED THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 55 00:02:40,494 --> 00:02:43,962 REPEALED THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE WHICH HAD SAID THERE CAN BE NO 56 00:02:43,964 --> 00:02:50,769 WHICH HAD SAID THERE CAN BE NO SLAVERY NORTH OF THE 3630 LINE. 57 00:02:50,771 --> 00:02:52,571 SLAVERY NORTH OF THE 3630 LINE. >> IT WASN'T JUST TALKING ABOUT 58 00:02:52,573 --> 00:02:58,210 >> IT WASN'T JUST TALKING ABOUT THE MODERN DAY STATES OF KANSAS 59 00:02:58,212 --> 00:02:58,644 THE MODERN DAY STATES OF KANSAS AND NEBRASKA. 60 00:02:58,646 --> 00:03:00,846 AND NEBRASKA. THIS IMMENSE TERRITORY, TO THE 61 00:03:00,848 --> 00:03:07,953 THIS IMMENSE TERRITORY, TO THE CANADIAN BORDER AND WEST TOWARDS 62 00:03:07,955 --> 00:03:08,287 CANADIAN BORDER AND WEST TOWARDS OREGON. 63 00:03:08,289 --> 00:03:10,389 OREGON. >> LINCOLN SAYS, YOU CAN'T HAVE 64 00:03:10,391 --> 00:03:13,926 >> LINCOLN SAYS, YOU CAN'T HAVE A DEMOCRATIC PROCESS TO 65 00:03:13,928 --> 00:03:15,527 A DEMOCRATIC PROCESS TO DETERMINE WHETHER AN 66 00:03:15,529 --> 00:03:16,862 DETERMINE WHETHER AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS CAN 67 00:03:16,864 --> 00:03:17,563 UNCONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS CAN EXIST. 68 00:03:17,565 --> 00:03:23,035 EXIST. HE HAD A GOOD IDEA OF WHEN 69 00:03:23,037 --> 00:03:24,403 HE HAD A GOOD IDEA OF WHEN IDEALS WEREN'T FOUNDED THE RIGHT 70 00:03:24,405 --> 00:03:24,703 IDEALS WEREN'T FOUNDED THE RIGHT WAY. 71 00:03:24,705 --> 00:03:27,606 WAY. >> THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT 72 00:03:27,608 --> 00:03:29,775 >> THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT PROPELS LINCOLN BACK INTO 73 00:03:29,777 --> 00:03:40,919 PROPELS LINCOLN BACK INTO POLITICS. 74 00:03:40,921 --> 00:03:43,488 POLITICS. >> IN THE WAKE OF THE 75 00:03:43,490 --> 00:03:45,757 >> IN THE WAKE OF THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, LINCOLN'S 76 00:03:45,759 --> 00:03:47,659 KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, LINCOLN'S WHIG PARTY BEGINS TO UNRAVEL 77 00:03:47,661 --> 00:03:51,797 WHIG PARTY BEGINS TO UNRAVEL OVER THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY. 78 00:03:51,799 --> 00:03:53,432 OVER THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY. >> THE WHIGS AND DEMOCRATS WERE 79 00:03:53,434 --> 00:03:57,736 >> THE WHIGS AND DEMOCRATS WERE NOT LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES, 80 00:03:57,738 --> 00:03:59,338 NOT LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES, PRECISELY AS WE DIVIDE PARTIES 81 00:03:59,340 --> 00:03:59,638 PRECISELY AS WE DIVIDE PARTIES TODAY. 82 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:02,307 TODAY. THE WHIGS WERE PRETTY 83 00:04:02,309 --> 00:04:02,908 THE WHIGS WERE PRETTY PROGRESSIVE ON SLAVERY. 84 00:04:02,910 --> 00:04:04,176 PROGRESSIVE ON SLAVERY. THE DEMOCRATS WERE LIBERAL IN 85 00:04:04,178 --> 00:04:06,578 THE DEMOCRATS WERE LIBERAL IN TERMS OF VOTING OPPORTUNITIES IN 86 00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:09,481 TERMS OF VOTING OPPORTUNITIES IN TERMS OF SUSPICION ABOUT 87 00:04:09,483 --> 00:04:13,485 TERMS OF SUSPICION ABOUT IMMIGRATION, BUT NOT LIBERAL ON 88 00:04:13,487 --> 00:04:15,220 IMMIGRATION, BUT NOT LIBERAL ON SOUTHERN SLAVERY, BECAUSE THE 89 00:04:15,222 --> 00:04:17,122 SOUTHERN SLAVERY, BECAUSE THE SOUTH WAS THEN THE DEMOCRATIC 90 00:04:17,124 --> 00:04:17,422 SOUTH WAS THEN THE DEMOCRATIC BASE. 91 00:04:17,424 --> 00:04:19,658 BASE. >> BUT THE WHIGS ARE UNABLE TO 92 00:04:19,660 --> 00:04:21,159 >> BUT THE WHIGS ARE UNABLE TO COMMIT TO A PERSPECTIVE ON THE 93 00:04:21,161 --> 00:04:23,495 COMMIT TO A PERSPECTIVE ON THE QUESTION OF THE EXPANSION OF 94 00:04:23,497 --> 00:04:24,663 QUESTION OF THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY AND SO -- 95 00:04:24,665 --> 00:04:28,667 SLAVERY AND SO -- >> BY THE 1850s, THE WHIGS 96 00:04:28,669 --> 00:04:30,969 >> BY THE 1850s, THE WHIGS ESSENTIALLY COLLAPSE. 97 00:04:30,971 --> 00:04:34,306 ESSENTIALLY COLLAPSE. >> BUT THEN A NEW ANTI-SLAVERY 98 00:04:34,308 --> 00:04:35,941 >> BUT THEN A NEW ANTI-SLAVERY PARTY IS BORN -- THE 99 00:04:35,943 --> 00:04:36,375 PARTY IS BORN -- THE REPUBLICANS. 100 00:04:36,377 --> 00:04:37,843 REPUBLICANS. >> LINCOLN BEGINS TO SPEAK OUT 101 00:04:37,845 --> 00:04:38,543 >> LINCOLN BEGINS TO SPEAK OUT ON BEHALF OF THIS REPUBLICAN 102 00:04:38,545 --> 00:04:41,280 ON BEHALF OF THIS REPUBLICAN PARTY. 103 00:04:41,282 --> 00:04:43,215 PARTY. AND THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF IT IS 104 00:04:43,217 --> 00:04:48,487 AND THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF IT IS THE PEORIA SPEECH IN OCTOBER OF 105 00:04:48,489 --> 00:04:48,787 THE PEORIA SPEECH IN OCTOBER OF 1854. 106 00:04:48,789 --> 00:04:49,888 1854. >> THIS IS THE MOMENT FOR HIS 107 00:04:49,890 --> 00:04:50,889 >> THIS IS THE MOMENT FOR HIS BIG COMEBACK. 108 00:04:50,891 --> 00:04:51,823 BIG COMEBACK. IT'S A GREAT SPEECH. 109 00:04:51,825 --> 00:04:54,026 IT'S A GREAT SPEECH. >> OF THE LARGER GENERAL 110 00:04:54,028 --> 00:04:55,227 >> OF THE LARGER GENERAL QUESTION OF DOMESTIC SLAVERY, I 111 00:04:55,229 --> 00:04:57,195 QUESTION OF DOMESTIC SLAVERY, I WISH TO MAKE AND TO KEEP THE 112 00:04:57,197 --> 00:04:59,765 WISH TO MAKE AND TO KEEP THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE EXISTING 113 00:04:59,767 --> 00:05:02,534 DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE EXISTING INSTITUTION AND THE EXTENSION OF 114 00:05:02,536 --> 00:05:03,402 INSTITUTION AND THE EXTENSION OF IT. 115 00:05:03,404 --> 00:05:05,971 IT. SO BROAD AND SO CLEAR THAT NO 116 00:05:05,973 --> 00:05:07,339 SO BROAD AND SO CLEAR THAT NO HONEST MAN CAN MISUNDERSTAND ME 117 00:05:07,341 --> 00:05:11,109 HONEST MAN CAN MISUNDERSTAND ME AND NO DISHONEST ONE 118 00:05:11,111 --> 00:05:12,010 AND NO DISHONEST ONE SUCCESSFULLY MISREPRESENT ME. 119 00:05:12,012 --> 00:05:16,148 SUCCESSFULLY MISREPRESENT ME. >> LINCOLN PUTS FORWARD VERY 120 00:05:16,150 --> 00:05:19,785 >> LINCOLN PUTS FORWARD VERY STRONG CONDEMNATIONS OF SLAVERY. 121 00:05:19,787 --> 00:05:22,988 STRONG CONDEMNATIONS OF SLAVERY. HE SAYS IT'S A CANCER EATING 122 00:05:22,990 --> 00:05:23,689 HE SAYS IT'S A CANCER EATING AWAY THE LIFE OF THE NATION. 123 00:05:23,691 --> 00:05:25,624 AWAY THE LIFE OF THE NATION. >> LET US TURN SLAVERY FROM ITS 124 00:05:25,626 --> 00:05:28,627 >> LET US TURN SLAVERY FROM ITS CLAIMS OF MORAL RIGHT BACK UPON 125 00:05:28,629 --> 00:05:35,033 CLAIMS OF MORAL RIGHT BACK UPON ITS EXISTING LEGAL RIGHTS, AND 126 00:05:35,035 --> 00:05:37,369 ITS EXISTING LEGAL RIGHTS, AND ITS ARGUMENTS. 127 00:05:37,371 --> 00:05:40,739 ITS ARGUMENTS. AND THERE LET IT REST IN PEACE. 128 00:05:40,741 --> 00:05:43,475 AND THERE LET IT REST IN PEACE. >> HE SAYS THERE CAN BE NO MORAL 129 00:05:43,477 --> 00:05:44,743 >> HE SAYS THERE CAN BE NO MORAL RIGHT IN SLAVERY. 130 00:05:44,745 --> 00:05:47,312 RIGHT IN SLAVERY. BUT AT THE SAME TIME, HE REALLY 131 00:05:47,314 --> 00:05:49,114 BUT AT THE SAME TIME, HE REALLY BELIEVES THAT IF WE STOP 132 00:05:49,116 --> 00:05:50,916 BELIEVES THAT IF WE STOP ALLOWING SLAVERY TO EXPAND, HE 133 00:05:50,918 --> 00:05:55,020 ALLOWING SLAVERY TO EXPAND, HE FEELS LIKE THAT'S ENOUGH. 134 00:05:55,022 --> 00:05:58,657 FEELS LIKE THAT'S ENOUGH. >> VERY RARELY IN HIS LIFE AND 135 00:05:58,659 --> 00:06:00,359 >> VERY RARELY IN HIS LIFE AND CAREER DID LINCOLN TALK ABOUT 136 00:06:00,361 --> 00:06:03,028 CAREER DID LINCOLN TALK ABOUT THE CONCRETE INJUSTICES OF 137 00:06:03,030 --> 00:06:03,695 THE CONCRETE INJUSTICES OF ENSLAVEMENT. 138 00:06:03,697 --> 00:06:05,497 ENSLAVEMENT. THE IDEA THAT ENSLAVED PEOPLE 139 00:06:05,499 --> 00:06:07,099 THE IDEA THAT ENSLAVED PEOPLE WERE BEING EXPLOITED WAS NOT 140 00:06:07,101 --> 00:06:09,534 WERE BEING EXPLOITED WAS NOT SOMETHING THAT WAS IMPORTANT TO 141 00:06:09,536 --> 00:06:09,801 SOMETHING THAT WAS IMPORTANT TO HIM. 142 00:06:09,803 --> 00:06:12,904 HIM. IT MUST HAVE BEEN PROFOUNDING 143 00:06:12,906 --> 00:06:15,841 IT MUST HAVE BEEN PROFOUNDING FRUSTRATING FOR SOMEONE TO SAY 144 00:06:15,843 --> 00:06:18,276 FRUSTRATING FOR SOMEONE TO SAY YOU CAN KEEP SLAVERY WHERE YOU 145 00:06:18,278 --> 00:06:19,211 YOU CAN KEEP SLAVERY WHERE YOU ALREADY HAVE IT. 146 00:06:19,213 --> 00:06:21,213 ALREADY HAVE IT. THIS GUY GETS IT, BUT HE DOESN'T 147 00:06:21,215 --> 00:06:22,013 THIS GUY GETS IT, BUT HE DOESN'T QUITE GET IT. 148 00:06:22,015 --> 00:06:24,816 QUITE GET IT. >> BUT HE'S AN ABSOLUTE 149 00:06:24,818 --> 00:06:25,183 >> BUT HE'S AN ABSOLUTE SENSATION. 150 00:06:25,185 --> 00:06:29,921 SENSATION. REPUBLICAN PAPERS GO WILD, 151 00:06:29,923 --> 00:06:31,690 REPUBLICAN PAPERS GO WILD, PRAISING HIM AS THE GREAT ORATOR 152 00:06:31,692 --> 00:06:32,724 PRAISING HIM AS THE GREAT ORATOR OF THE DAY. 153 00:06:32,726 --> 00:06:33,558 OF THE DAY. DEMOCRATIC PAPERS ARE FEARFUL OF 154 00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:36,728 DEMOCRATIC PAPERS ARE FEARFUL OF THIS RISING MAN. 155 00:06:36,730 --> 00:06:39,464 THIS RISING MAN. >> IN WASHINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS 156 00:06:39,466 --> 00:06:41,800 >> IN WASHINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS SENATOR CHARLES SUMNER, 157 00:06:41,802 --> 00:06:45,003 SENATOR CHARLES SUMNER, ANTI-SLAVERY MAN, GIVES A SPEECH 158 00:06:45,005 --> 00:06:48,707 ANTI-SLAVERY MAN, GIVES A SPEECH IN WHICH HE CASTIGATES A FELLOW 159 00:06:48,709 --> 00:06:52,978 IN WHICH HE CASTIGATES A FELLOW SENATOR FOR HIS PRO-SLAVERY 160 00:06:52,980 --> 00:06:53,879 SENATOR FOR HIS PRO-SLAVERY VIEWS. 161 00:06:53,881 --> 00:06:56,448 VIEWS. MILD CONSIDERING WHAT SOME OF 162 00:06:56,450 --> 00:06:58,483 MILD CONSIDERING WHAT SOME OF THOSE CONFRONTATIONS ARE LIKE. 163 00:06:58,485 --> 00:07:02,320 THOSE CONFRONTATIONS ARE LIKE. THE NEPHEW WAS A CONGRESSMAN 164 00:07:02,322 --> 00:07:03,522 THE NEPHEW WAS A CONGRESSMAN NAMED PRESTON BROOKS. 165 00:07:03,524 --> 00:07:06,591 NAMED PRESTON BROOKS. ONE DAY, BROOKS WALKS IN WITH A 166 00:07:06,593 --> 00:07:10,562 ONE DAY, BROOKS WALKS IN WITH A CANE AND BEGINS BEATING CHARLES 167 00:07:10,564 --> 00:07:11,963 CANE AND BEGINS BEATING CHARLES SUMNER OVER THE HEAD. 168 00:07:11,965 --> 00:07:14,533 SUMNER OVER THE HEAD. SUMNER IS CANED INTO 169 00:07:14,535 --> 00:07:15,233 SUMNER IS CANED INTO INSENSIBILITY ON THE FLOOR OF 170 00:07:15,235 --> 00:07:19,571 INSENSIBILITY ON THE FLOOR OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE. 171 00:07:19,573 --> 00:07:21,740 THE UNITED STATES SENATE. HOW DOES THE SOUTH REACT? 172 00:07:21,742 --> 00:07:22,574 HOW DOES THE SOUTH REACT? BROOKS WAS FLOODED WITH GIFTS OF 173 00:07:22,576 --> 00:07:29,448 BROOKS WAS FLOODED WITH GIFTS OF NEW CANES. 174 00:07:29,450 --> 00:07:31,917 NEW CANES. >> 1830 TO 1860, THERE ARE OVER 175 00:07:31,919 --> 00:07:33,718 >> 1830 TO 1860, THERE ARE OVER 70 ACTS OF VIOLENCE BETWEEN 176 00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:37,088 70 ACTS OF VIOLENCE BETWEEN MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, NORTH AND 177 00:07:37,090 --> 00:07:38,356 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, NORTH AND SOUTH. 178 00:07:38,358 --> 00:07:41,126 SOUTH. THESE ARE CANINGS, DUELS, 179 00:07:41,128 --> 00:07:41,693 THESE ARE CANINGS, DUELS, STABBINGS. 180 00:07:41,695 --> 00:07:47,599 STABBINGS. FOLKS IN THE SOUTH LASHING OUT, 181 00:07:47,601 --> 00:07:53,438 FOLKS IN THE SOUTH LASHING OUT, TRYING TO KEEP A STASIS. 182 00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:55,941 TRYING TO KEEP A STASIS. >> ULTIMATELY, THEY FEAR, EVEN 183 00:07:55,943 --> 00:07:57,709 >> ULTIMATELY, THEY FEAR, EVEN IF IT'S 50 YEARS IN THE FUTURE, 184 00:07:57,711 --> 00:07:59,878 IF IT'S 50 YEARS IN THE FUTURE, THEY WILL VOTE TO ERADICATE 185 00:07:59,880 --> 00:08:01,880 THEY WILL VOTE TO ERADICATE 186 00:08:12,758 --> 00:08:22,067 >>> FROM 1854 TO 1857, LINCOLN BECOMES A VOCAL ACTIVIST FOR THE 187 00:08:22,069 --> 00:08:22,968 BECOMES A VOCAL ACTIVIST FOR THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 188 00:08:22,970 --> 00:08:24,135 REPUBLICAN PARTY. SPEAKING OUT AGAINST THE 189 00:08:24,137 --> 00:08:25,337 SPEAKING OUT AGAINST THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY. 190 00:08:25,339 --> 00:08:26,872 EXPANSION OF SLAVERY. AS PARTISAN LINES ACROSS THE 191 00:08:26,874 --> 00:08:29,307 AS PARTISAN LINES ACROSS THE COUNTRY DEEPEN, MORE 192 00:08:29,309 --> 00:08:29,941 COUNTRY DEEPEN, MORE CONTROVERSIAL LEGISLATION 193 00:08:29,943 --> 00:08:38,783 CONTROVERSIAL LEGISLATION IGNITES MORE POLITICAL UNREST. 194 00:08:38,785 --> 00:08:41,853 IGNITES MORE POLITICAL UNREST. >> DRED SCOTT IS A BLACK MAN, 195 00:08:41,855 --> 00:08:42,220 >> DRED SCOTT IS A BLACK MAN, ENSLAVED. 196 00:08:42,222 --> 00:08:44,756 ENSLAVED. HE HAD BEEN TAKEN INTO FREE 197 00:08:44,758 --> 00:08:46,591 HE HAD BEEN TAKEN INTO FREE TERRITORY, AND ABOLITIONISTS 198 00:08:46,593 --> 00:08:48,560 TERRITORY, AND ABOLITIONISTS SUED FOR HIS FREEDOM AND FOR THE 199 00:08:48,562 --> 00:08:49,294 SUED FOR HIS FREEDOM AND FOR THE FREEDOM OF HIS FAMILY. 200 00:08:49,296 --> 00:08:53,331 FREEDOM OF HIS FAMILY. HE GOES TO THE SUPREME COURT. 201 00:08:53,333 --> 00:08:55,267 HE GOES TO THE SUPREME COURT. >> IN AN INFAMOUS RULING, THE 202 00:08:55,269 --> 00:08:58,103 >> IN AN INFAMOUS RULING, THE COURT SAYS THAT SLAVES ARE 203 00:08:58,105 --> 00:08:59,538 COURT SAYS THAT SLAVES ARE SLAVES WHEREVER THEY ARE. 204 00:08:59,540 --> 00:09:02,173 SLAVES WHEREVER THEY ARE. THAT SLAVERY IS IN A SENSE 205 00:09:02,175 --> 00:09:02,674 THAT SLAVERY IS IN A SENSE NATIONAL. 206 00:09:02,676 --> 00:09:05,210 NATIONAL. >> AND BLACK MEN HAVE NO RIGHTS 207 00:09:05,212 --> 00:09:08,446 >> AND BLACK MEN HAVE NO RIGHTS THAT WHITE MEN ARE BOUND TO 208 00:09:08,448 --> 00:09:08,780 THAT WHITE MEN ARE BOUND TO ACCEPT. 209 00:09:08,782 --> 00:09:09,814 ACCEPT. AND BLACK PEOPLE ARE NOT 210 00:09:09,816 --> 00:09:13,451 AND BLACK PEOPLE ARE NOT CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES. 211 00:09:13,453 --> 00:09:17,756 CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES. AND BY THE WAY, IF YOU ARE A 212 00:09:17,758 --> 00:09:19,524 AND BY THE WAY, IF YOU ARE A SLAVEHOLDER, YOU CAN TAKE YOUR 213 00:09:19,526 --> 00:09:20,258 SLAVEHOLDER, YOU CAN TAKE YOUR PROPERTY ANYWHERE YOU DARN WELL 214 00:09:20,260 --> 00:09:22,594 PROPERTY ANYWHERE YOU DARN WELL PLEASE. 215 00:09:22,596 --> 00:09:23,228 PLEASE. AND THAT REALLY SETS OFF 216 00:09:23,230 --> 00:09:28,533 AND THAT REALLY SETS OFF LINCOLN. 217 00:09:28,535 --> 00:09:30,302 LINCOLN. >> USUALLY THE SUPREME COURT 218 00:09:30,304 --> 00:09:31,636 >> USUALLY THE SUPREME COURT RULING SETTLES MATTERS. 219 00:09:31,638 --> 00:09:35,840 RULING SETTLES MATTERS. THIS ONE DIDN'T. 220 00:09:35,842 --> 00:09:39,678 THIS ONE DIDN'T. IT CAUSED THE BIGGEST UPROAR 221 00:09:39,680 --> 00:09:42,981 IT CAUSED THE BIGGEST UPROAR GENERATED BY ANY SUPREME COURT 222 00:09:42,983 --> 00:09:44,983 GENERATED BY ANY SUPREME COURT DECISION IN HISTORY. 223 00:09:44,985 --> 00:09:46,585 DECISION IN HISTORY. >> LINCOLN ARGUES PUBLICLY THAT 224 00:09:46,587 --> 00:09:48,853 >> LINCOLN ARGUES PUBLICLY THAT THE RULING SHOULD BE IGNORED. 225 00:09:48,855 --> 00:09:53,325 THE RULING SHOULD BE IGNORED. A BRAZEN STANCE FOR A MAN WHO 226 00:09:53,327 --> 00:09:55,694 A BRAZEN STANCE FOR A MAN WHO PREACHES ABOUT THE SANCTITY OF 227 00:09:55,696 --> 00:09:56,428 PREACHES ABOUT THE SANCTITY OF THE CONSTITUTION. 228 00:09:56,430 --> 00:09:58,663 THE CONSTITUTION. >> THAT'S ALMOST AS OUTRAGEOUS 229 00:09:58,665 --> 00:10:02,767 >> THAT'S ALMOST AS OUTRAGEOUS AS SAYING YOU DON'T HAVE TO 230 00:10:02,769 --> 00:10:05,770 AS SAYING YOU DON'T HAVE TO RESPECT A PERSON'S HUMANITY 231 00:10:05,772 --> 00:10:06,237 RESPECT A PERSON'S HUMANITY BASED ON COLOR. 232 00:10:06,239 --> 00:10:08,540 BASED ON COLOR. SO LINCOLN IS ABSOLUTELY FOCUSED 233 00:10:08,542 --> 00:10:09,808 SO LINCOLN IS ABSOLUTELY FOCUSED DURING THIS PERIOD. 234 00:10:09,810 --> 00:10:12,911 DURING THIS PERIOD. HE'S INEXHAUSTIBLE, HE'S ABLE TO 235 00:10:12,913 --> 00:10:16,147 HE'S INEXHAUSTIBLE, HE'S ABLE TO LURCH FROM TOWN TO TOWN. 236 00:10:16,149 --> 00:10:18,583 LURCH FROM TOWN TO TOWN. MAKING LONG SPEECHES SO HE'S 237 00:10:18,585 --> 00:10:20,452 MAKING LONG SPEECHES SO HE'S CONSTANTLY ON THE ROAD. 238 00:10:20,454 --> 00:10:22,654 CONSTANTLY ON THE ROAD. >> HE WAS GONE MANY WEEKS OF THE 239 00:10:22,656 --> 00:10:22,954 >> HE WAS GONE MANY WEEKS OF THE YEAR. 240 00:10:22,956 --> 00:10:23,655 YEAR. AND THIS WAS HARD FOR A YOUNG 241 00:10:23,657 --> 00:10:26,958 AND THIS WAS HARD FOR A YOUNG WIFE. 242 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,295 WIFE. BUT LINCOLN AND MARY BOTH HAD A 243 00:10:30,297 --> 00:10:31,663 BUT LINCOLN AND MARY BOTH HAD A POLITICAL VISION. 244 00:10:31,665 --> 00:10:33,365 POLITICAL VISION. SHE KNEW THAT HE WAS BUILDING 245 00:10:33,367 --> 00:10:34,099 SHE KNEW THAT HE WAS BUILDING HIS POLITICAL NETWORK, AND HOW 246 00:10:34,101 --> 00:10:37,235 HIS POLITICAL NETWORK, AND HOW IMPORTANT THAT WAS. 247 00:10:37,237 --> 00:10:39,437 IMPORTANT THAT WAS. MARY SAW AN OPPORTUNITY IN THAT 248 00:10:39,439 --> 00:10:41,506 MARY SAW AN OPPORTUNITY IN THAT MOMENT AS SHE SAW LINCOLN RISING 249 00:10:41,508 --> 00:10:45,276 MOMENT AS SHE SAW LINCOLN RISING EVEN GREATER AS A LEADER, A 250 00:10:45,278 --> 00:10:46,277 EVEN GREATER AS A LEADER, A SPOKESPERSON. 251 00:10:46,279 --> 00:10:47,779 SPOKESPERSON. SHE KNEW HER HUSBAND PERHAPS 252 00:10:47,781 --> 00:10:49,080 SHE KNEW HER HUSBAND PERHAPS FINALLY COULD GET THE SENATE 253 00:10:49,082 --> 00:10:53,118 FINALLY COULD GET THE SENATE SEAT HE DESERVED. 254 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:56,788 SEAT HE DESERVED. >> IN 1855, LINCOLN RUNS 255 00:10:56,790 --> 00:10:57,856 >> IN 1855, LINCOLN RUNS UNSUCCESSFULLY FOR THE U.S. 256 00:10:57,858 --> 00:10:58,189 UNSUCCESSFULLY FOR THE U.S. SENATE. 257 00:10:58,191 --> 00:10:58,790 SENATE. THREE YEARS LATER, HE'S 258 00:10:58,792 --> 00:11:02,360 THREE YEARS LATER, HE'S DETERMINED TO TRY AGAIN. 259 00:11:02,362 --> 00:11:04,696 DETERMINED TO TRY AGAIN. >> IN 1858, THE REPUBLICANS HAVE 260 00:11:04,698 --> 00:11:06,731 >> IN 1858, THE REPUBLICANS HAVE A CONVENTION, AND CHOOSE HIM AS 261 00:11:06,733 --> 00:11:07,532 A CONVENTION, AND CHOOSE HIM AS THE NOMINEE. 262 00:11:07,534 --> 00:11:08,266 THE NOMINEE. AND LINCOLN GETS TO ADDRESS THE 263 00:11:08,268 --> 00:11:10,935 AND LINCOLN GETS TO ADDRESS THE CONVENTION. 264 00:11:10,937 --> 00:11:12,837 CONVENTION. >> LINCOLN READS THE SPEECH TO 265 00:11:12,839 --> 00:11:16,041 >> LINCOLN READS THE SPEECH TO HIS ADVISERS BEFORE HE GIVES IT. 266 00:11:16,043 --> 00:11:19,344 HIS ADVISERS BEFORE HE GIVES IT. AND THEY SAY, DON'T GIVE THE 267 00:11:19,346 --> 00:11:19,678 AND THEY SAY, DON'T GIVE THE SPEECH. 268 00:11:19,680 --> 00:11:21,980 SPEECH. IT IS TOO RADICAL. 269 00:11:21,982 --> 00:11:23,848 IT IS TOO RADICAL. >> WHAT YOU'VE SAID IN THE 270 00:11:23,850 --> 00:11:25,083 >> WHAT YOU'VE SAID IN THE OPENING LINES IS GOING TO END 271 00:11:25,085 --> 00:11:28,353 OPENING LINES IS GOING TO END YOUR POLITICAL CAREER. 272 00:11:28,355 --> 00:11:34,292 YOUR POLITICAL CAREER. >> BUT LINCOLN IGNORES THE 273 00:11:34,294 --> 00:11:36,594 >> BUT LINCOLN IGNORES THE ADVICE AND DELIVERS THE SPEECH 274 00:11:36,596 --> 00:11:38,063 ADVICE AND DELIVERS THE SPEECH AS IT'S WRITTEN. 275 00:11:38,065 --> 00:11:41,499 AS IT'S WRITTEN. A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF 276 00:11:41,501 --> 00:11:41,933 A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF CANNOT STAND. 277 00:11:41,935 --> 00:11:45,203 CANNOT STAND. I BELIEVE THIS GOVERNMENT CANNOT 278 00:11:45,205 --> 00:11:48,073 I BELIEVE THIS GOVERNMENT CANNOT ENDURE, PERMANENTLY HALF SLAVE 279 00:11:48,075 --> 00:11:48,873 ENDURE, PERMANENTLY HALF SLAVE AND HALF FREE. 280 00:11:48,875 --> 00:11:51,576 AND HALF FREE. >> WORDS TAKEN FROM THE GOSPEL. 281 00:11:51,578 --> 00:11:54,512 >> WORDS TAKEN FROM THE GOSPEL. >> I DO NOT EXPECT THE UNION TO 282 00:11:54,514 --> 00:11:55,947 >> I DO NOT EXPECT THE UNION TO BE DISSOLVED. 283 00:11:55,949 --> 00:11:59,751 BE DISSOLVED. BUT I EXPECT THE HOUSE WILL 284 00:11:59,753 --> 00:12:01,119 BUT I EXPECT THE HOUSE WILL CEASE TO BE DIVIDED. 285 00:12:01,121 --> 00:12:02,420 CEASE TO BE DIVIDED. IT WILL BECOME ONE THING OR ALL 286 00:12:02,422 --> 00:12:02,821 IT WILL BECOME ONE THING OR ALL THE OTHER. 287 00:12:02,823 --> 00:12:05,256 THE OTHER. >> HE WOWS THIS CONVENTION. 288 00:12:05,258 --> 00:12:06,458 >> HE WOWS THIS CONVENTION. AND HE BEGINS HIS CAMPAIGN FOR 289 00:12:06,460 --> 00:12:14,733 AND HE BEGINS HIS CAMPAIGN FOR THE SENATE. 290 00:12:14,735 --> 00:12:20,805 THE SENATE. THINK OF ILLINOIS IN 1858 AS A 291 00:12:20,807 --> 00:12:21,806 THINK OF ILLINOIS IN 1858 AS A MICROCOSM OF AMERICA. 292 00:12:21,808 --> 00:12:25,376 MICROCOSM OF AMERICA. THE NORTHERN PART OF ILLINOIS 293 00:12:25,378 --> 00:12:26,711 THE NORTHERN PART OF ILLINOIS WERE ANTI-SLAVERY AND 294 00:12:26,713 --> 00:12:27,178 WERE ANTI-SLAVERY AND PRO-REPUBLICAN. 295 00:12:27,180 --> 00:12:28,279 PRO-REPUBLICAN. THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE STATE 296 00:12:28,281 --> 00:12:32,550 THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE STATE WAS PRO-SLAVERY. 297 00:12:32,552 --> 00:12:33,685 WAS PRO-SLAVERY. >> ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS RUNNING 298 00:12:33,687 --> 00:12:35,887 >> ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS RUNNING AGAINST THE LEADER OF THE 299 00:12:35,889 --> 00:12:36,554 AGAINST THE LEADER OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY. 300 00:12:36,556 --> 00:12:40,024 DEMOCRATIC PARTY. >> THE MOST FAMOUS MAN IN 301 00:12:40,026 --> 00:12:41,226 >> THE MOST FAMOUS MAN IN AMERICA. 302 00:12:41,228 --> 00:12:42,293 AMERICA. STEVEN A. DOUGLAS. 303 00:12:42,295 --> 00:12:46,898 STEVEN A. DOUGLAS. >> HE WAS THIS TREMENDOUSLY 304 00:12:46,900 --> 00:12:50,635 >> HE WAS THIS TREMENDOUSLY INSTITUTIONALIZED FIGURE. 305 00:12:50,637 --> 00:12:54,072 INSTITUTIONALIZED FIGURE. AND DOUGLAS WAS THE AUTHOR OF 306 00:12:54,074 --> 00:12:57,475 AND DOUGLAS WAS THE AUTHOR OF THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT. 307 00:12:57,477 --> 00:13:00,578 THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT. >> EVERYBODY THOUGHT LINCOLN WAS 308 00:13:00,580 --> 00:13:03,181 >> EVERYBODY THOUGHT LINCOLN WAS THE SACK OFFICIAL LAMB IN THAT 309 00:13:03,183 --> 00:13:03,481 THE SACK OFFICIAL LAMB IN THAT RACE. 310 00:13:03,483 --> 00:13:07,152 RACE. >> DOUGLAS SPENT A FORTUNE IN 311 00:13:07,154 --> 00:13:09,754 >> DOUGLAS SPENT A FORTUNE IN THE CAMPAIGN. 312 00:13:09,756 --> 00:13:13,057 THE CAMPAIGN. >> DOUGLAS HAS HIS OWN CAMPAIGN 313 00:13:13,059 --> 00:13:13,358 >> DOUGLAS HAS HIS OWN CAMPAIGN TRAIN. 314 00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:18,596 TRAIN. THE BACK OF THE TRAIN HAS A 315 00:13:18,598 --> 00:13:20,165 THE BACK OF THE TRAIN HAS A CANNON ON IT. 316 00:13:20,167 --> 00:13:22,600 CANNON ON IT. EVERY TIME THE TRAIN GETS INTO A 317 00:13:22,602 --> 00:13:24,769 EVERY TIME THE TRAIN GETS INTO A TOWN, THEY SET OFF THE CANNON, 318 00:13:24,771 --> 00:13:25,637 TOWN, THEY SET OFF THE CANNON, AS IF TO ANNOUNCE THE GREAT MAN 319 00:13:25,639 --> 00:13:36,247 AS IF TO ANNOUNCE THE GREAT MAN HAS ARRIVED. 320 00:13:36,249 --> 00:13:39,551 HAS ARRIVED. DOUGLAS IS DRAWING BIG CROWDS. 321 00:13:39,553 --> 00:13:47,959 DOUGLAS IS DRAWING BIG CROWDS. WHEREVER HE CAMPAIGNS. 322 00:13:47,961 --> 00:13:51,830 WHEREVER HE CAMPAIGNS. SO LINCOLN BEGINS TO SHOW UP AT 323 00:13:51,832 --> 00:13:53,731 SO LINCOLN BEGINS TO SHOW UP AT DOUGLAS SPEECHES AND RALLIES. 324 00:13:53,733 --> 00:13:55,600 DOUGLAS SPEECHES AND RALLIES. HE'S GETTING BIGGER CROWDS THAN 325 00:13:55,602 --> 00:13:58,603 HE'S GETTING BIGGER CROWDS THAN EVER BY CAMPAIGNING IN STEVEN 326 00:13:58,605 --> 00:14:00,271 EVER BY CAMPAIGNING IN STEVEN DOUGLAS' WAKE. 327 00:14:00,273 --> 00:14:05,844 DOUGLAS' WAKE. >> THE DEMOCRATIC PRESS MOCKS 328 00:14:05,846 --> 00:14:08,680 >> THE DEMOCRATIC PRESS MOCKS LINCOLN FOR APPROPRIATING THE 329 00:14:08,682 --> 00:14:09,013 LINCOLN FOR APPROPRIATING THE CROWDS. 330 00:14:09,015 --> 00:14:11,082 CROWDS. SO HE COMES UP WITH AN 331 00:14:11,084 --> 00:14:11,516 SO HE COMES UP WITH AN ALTERNATIVE. 332 00:14:11,518 --> 00:14:12,951 ALTERNATIVE. >> HE WRITES A LETTER THAT WILL 333 00:14:12,953 --> 00:14:14,285 >> HE WRITES A LETTER THAT WILL CHANGE HIS CAREER, AND REALLY 334 00:14:14,287 --> 00:14:15,253 CHANGE HIS CAREER, AND REALLY CHANGE POLITICS. 335 00:14:15,255 --> 00:14:19,090 CHANGE POLITICS. >> HE CHALLENGES DOUGLAS TO 336 00:14:19,092 --> 00:14:19,424 >> HE CHALLENGES DOUGLAS TO DEBATES. 337 00:14:19,426 --> 00:14:23,428 DEBATES. >> HERE WAS A ONE-TIME 338 00:14:23,430 --> 00:14:24,362 >> HERE WAS A ONE-TIME CONGRESSMAN, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, HE 339 00:14:24,364 --> 00:14:27,732 CONGRESSMAN, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, HE WAS GOING TO TAKE ON STEVEN A. 340 00:14:27,734 --> 00:14:29,801 WAS GOING TO TAKE ON STEVEN A. DO 341 00:14:36,308 --> 00:14:41,880 >>> IN 1858, ABRAHAM LINCOLN CHALLENGES STEVEN A. DOUGLAS, 342 00:14:41,882 --> 00:14:44,949 CHALLENGES STEVEN A. DOUGLAS, THE MOST POWERFUL POLITICIAN IN 343 00:14:44,951 --> 00:14:45,683 THE MOST POWERFUL POLITICIAN IN AMERICA, TO A SERIES OF PUBLIC 344 00:14:45,685 --> 00:14:54,459 AMERICA, TO A SERIES OF PUBLIC DEBATES. 345 00:14:54,461 --> 00:14:56,995 DEBATES. >> DOUGLAS HAD EVERYTHING TO 346 00:14:56,997 --> 00:15:00,798 >> DOUGLAS HAD EVERYTHING TO LOSE BY ACCEPTING LINCOLN'S 347 00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:01,900 LOSE BY ACCEPTING LINCOLN'S INVI 348 00:15:01,902 --> 00:15:02,300 INVI INVITATION. 349 00:15:02,302 --> 00:15:03,868 INVITATION. BUT HE CAN'T SAY NO. 350 00:15:03,870 --> 00:15:06,971 BUT HE CAN'T SAY NO. BECAUSE TO SAY NO WOULD BE TO 351 00:15:06,973 --> 00:15:08,806 BECAUSE TO SAY NO WOULD BE TO LOOK COWARDLY. 352 00:15:08,808 --> 00:15:11,342 LOOK COWARDLY. >> THEY ARRANGED FOR SEVEN 353 00:15:11,344 --> 00:15:12,677 >> THEY ARRANGED FOR SEVEN DEBATES. 354 00:15:12,679 --> 00:15:15,346 DEBATES. ONE IN EACH CONGRESSIONAL 355 00:15:15,348 --> 00:15:18,816 ONE IN EACH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT WHERE THEY HAD NOT YET 356 00:15:18,818 --> 00:15:19,150 DISTRICT WHERE THEY HAD NOT YET SPOKEN. 357 00:15:19,152 --> 00:15:22,654 SPOKEN. >> THE LINCOLN/DOUGLAS DEBATES 358 00:15:22,656 --> 00:15:24,088 >> THE LINCOLN/DOUGLAS DEBATES WERE ONE OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF 359 00:15:24,090 --> 00:15:24,589 WERE ONE OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PERIOD. 360 00:15:24,591 --> 00:15:26,724 THE PERIOD. PEOPLE DIDN'T HAVE TV. 361 00:15:26,726 --> 00:15:28,626 PEOPLE DIDN'T HAVE TV. WATCHING POLITICIANS MAKE 362 00:15:28,628 --> 00:15:31,729 WATCHING POLITICIANS MAKE SPEECHES WAS ENTERTAINMENT. 363 00:15:31,731 --> 00:15:33,564 SPEECHES WAS ENTERTAINMENT. >> THE SUPER TALL ABRAHAM 364 00:15:33,566 --> 00:15:35,400 >> THE SUPER TALL ABRAHAM LINCOLN VERSUS THE LITTLE GIANT, 365 00:15:35,402 --> 00:15:38,870 LINCOLN VERSUS THE LITTLE GIANT, AS HE'S CALLED, SHORT, SQUAT 366 00:15:38,872 --> 00:15:41,506 AS HE'S CALLED, SHORT, SQUAT STEVEN A. DOUGLAS IS OFF TO THE 367 00:15:41,508 --> 00:15:46,878 STEVEN A. DOUGLAS IS OFF TO THE RACES WITH 60 MINUTES OF VI 368 00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:47,345 RACES WITH 60 MINUTES OF VI VITRIOL. 369 00:15:47,347 --> 00:15:52,850 VITRIOL. ATTACKING LINCOLN PERSONALLY AND 370 00:15:52,852 --> 00:15:53,251 ATTACKING LINCOLN PERSONALLY AND POLITICALLY. 371 00:15:53,253 --> 00:15:55,853 POLITICALLY. THEIR STYLES COULDN'T BE MORE 372 00:15:55,855 --> 00:15:56,321 THEIR STYLES COULDN'T BE MORE DIFFERENT. 373 00:15:56,323 --> 00:15:57,722 DIFFERENT. LINCOLN WAS LAID-BACK. 374 00:15:57,724 --> 00:15:58,823 LINCOLN WAS LAID-BACK. HE STOOD IN ONE SPOT. 375 00:15:58,825 --> 00:16:03,261 HE STOOD IN ONE SPOT. HE RARELY MOVED. 376 00:16:03,263 --> 00:16:04,262 HE RARELY MOVED. DOUGLAS PRANCED ALONG THE STAGE 377 00:16:04,264 --> 00:16:05,430 DOUGLAS PRANCED ALONG THE STAGE LIKE A CAGED LION. 378 00:16:05,432 --> 00:16:08,566 LIKE A CAGED LION. GESTURED WILDLY. 379 00:16:08,568 --> 00:16:09,934 GESTURED WILDLY. >> HE RIPS HIS SHIRT, SPITS, 380 00:16:09,936 --> 00:16:11,869 >> HE RIPS HIS SHIRT, SPITS, SHOUTS. 381 00:16:11,871 --> 00:16:15,540 SHOUTS. HE TEARS AT HIS HAIR. 382 00:16:15,542 --> 00:16:19,944 HE TEARS AT HIS HAIR. >> IN THE VERY FIRST DEBATE, 383 00:16:19,946 --> 00:16:22,113 >> IN THE VERY FIRST DEBATE, LINCOLN STARTS OFF SOMEWHAT 384 00:16:22,115 --> 00:16:24,382 LINCOLN STARTS OFF SOMEWHAT TECHNICAL ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF 385 00:16:24,384 --> 00:16:26,284 TECHNICAL ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF LEGISLATION. 386 00:16:26,286 --> 00:16:27,185 LEGISLATION. DOUGLAS IMMEDIATELY CHALLENGES 387 00:16:27,187 --> 00:16:30,121 DOUGLAS IMMEDIATELY CHALLENGES LINCOLN, SAYING YOU'RE A RADICAL 388 00:16:30,123 --> 00:16:33,391 LINCOLN, SAYING YOU'RE A RADICAL REPUBLICAN, AND YOU WERE PART OF 389 00:16:33,393 --> 00:16:35,593 REPUBLICAN, AND YOU WERE PART OF AN ABOLITIONIST PARTY. 390 00:16:35,595 --> 00:16:39,998 AN ABOLITIONIST PARTY. >> A LOT OF TIMES, RADICAL IDEAS 391 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:41,165 >> A LOT OF TIMES, RADICAL IDEAS ARE DEMONIZED. 392 00:16:41,167 --> 00:16:43,568 ARE DEMONIZED. THE IDEA OF ABOLITION IS 393 00:16:43,570 --> 00:16:46,804 THE IDEA OF ABOLITION IS DEMONIZED BECAUSE ABOLISHING 394 00:16:46,806 --> 00:16:50,174 DEMONIZED BECAUSE ABOLISHING SLAVERY WAS A RADICAL IDEA. 395 00:16:50,176 --> 00:16:54,278 SLAVERY WAS A RADICAL IDEA. HE HAS TO DEFEND HIMSELF AGAINST 396 00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:55,546 HE HAS TO DEFEND HIMSELF AGAINST BEING AN ABOLITIONIST. 397 00:16:55,548 --> 00:16:57,415 BEING AN ABOLITIONIST. >> AND LINCOLN DID NOT SUCCEED. 398 00:16:57,417 --> 00:17:00,818 >> AND LINCOLN DID NOT SUCCEED. DOUGLAS IS A MASTER OF TWISTING 399 00:17:00,820 --> 00:17:01,119 DOUGLAS IS A MASTER OF TWISTING FACTS. 400 00:17:01,121 --> 00:17:03,021 FACTS. OF LYING SO QUICKLY THAT PEOPLE 401 00:17:03,023 --> 00:17:04,122 OF LYING SO QUICKLY THAT PEOPLE HAVE FORGOTTEN THAT IT'S A LIE 402 00:17:04,124 --> 00:17:07,025 HAVE FORGOTTEN THAT IT'S A LIE WHEN THE SECOND ONE COMES. 403 00:17:07,027 --> 00:17:08,793 WHEN THE SECOND ONE COMES. >> LINCOLN COMES OUT OF THE 404 00:17:08,795 --> 00:17:10,194 >> LINCOLN COMES OUT OF THE FIRST DEBATE FEELING DEFEATED. 405 00:17:10,196 --> 00:17:14,832 FIRST DEBATE FEELING DEFEATED. MUCH TO MARY'S DISMAY. 406 00:17:14,834 --> 00:17:17,268 MUCH TO MARY'S DISMAY. >> MARY IS ALWAYS LINCOLN'S 407 00:17:17,270 --> 00:17:21,105 >> MARY IS ALWAYS LINCOLN'S BIGGEST BOOSTER. 408 00:17:21,107 --> 00:17:24,542 BIGGEST BOOSTER. >> SHE SAT UP IN THE GALLERY 409 00:17:24,544 --> 00:17:26,344 >> SHE SAT UP IN THE GALLERY WITH HER NOTEBOOK AND TOOK DOWN 410 00:17:26,346 --> 00:17:28,579 WITH HER NOTEBOOK AND TOOK DOWN WHO IN THE CROWD WAS HAPPY OR 411 00:17:28,581 --> 00:17:29,747 WHO IN THE CROWD WAS HAPPY OR UNHAPPY, AND WHO WAS FOR AND 412 00:17:29,749 --> 00:17:30,448 UNHAPPY, AND WHO WAS FOR AND AGAINST LINCOLN. 413 00:17:30,450 --> 00:17:32,216 AGAINST LINCOLN. >> AFTER THE FIRST DEBATE, SHE 414 00:17:32,218 --> 00:17:34,352 >> AFTER THE FIRST DEBATE, SHE WAS A LITTLE SKEPTICAL ABOUT THE 415 00:17:34,354 --> 00:17:34,886 WAS A LITTLE SKEPTICAL ABOUT THE CHANCES FOR VICTORY. 416 00:17:34,888 --> 00:17:37,488 CHANCES FOR VICTORY. AND NOT ENTIRELY HAPPY. 417 00:17:37,490 --> 00:17:40,925 AND NOT ENTIRELY HAPPY. SHE DOESN'T COME BACK. 418 00:17:40,927 --> 00:17:44,095 SHE DOESN'T COME BACK. >> AFTER THE FIRST DEBATE, 419 00:17:44,097 --> 00:17:46,931 >> AFTER THE FIRST DEBATE, LINCOLN'S SUPPORTERS SAID TO 420 00:17:46,933 --> 00:17:48,733 LINCOLN'S SUPPORTERS SAID TO HIM, FOR GOD'S SAKE, LINCOLN, 421 00:17:48,735 --> 00:17:49,067 HIM, FOR GOD'S SAKE, LINCOLN, CHARGE. 422 00:17:49,069 --> 00:17:50,802 CHARGE. HE NEEDED TO DO MUCH BETTER. 423 00:17:50,804 --> 00:17:51,536 HE NEEDED TO DO MUCH BETTER. SO HE DOES CHARGE, AND HE OFTEN 424 00:17:51,538 --> 00:17:55,006 SO HE DOES CHARGE, AND HE OFTEN USED JOKES. 425 00:17:55,008 --> 00:17:59,177 USED JOKES. >> HE KEPT THIS BRILLIANT WIT. 426 00:17:59,179 --> 00:17:59,911 >> HE KEPT THIS BRILLIANT WIT. SOMETHING I APPRECIATE ABOUT HIM 427 00:17:59,913 --> 00:18:02,213 SOMETHING I APPRECIATE ABOUT HIM ARE SOME OF HIS RESPONSES. 428 00:18:02,215 --> 00:18:05,783 ARE SOME OF HIS RESPONSES. >> THE NEXT DEBATE, WHEN DOUGLAS 429 00:18:05,785 --> 00:18:07,218 >> THE NEXT DEBATE, WHEN DOUGLAS SAID HE WAS HYPOCRITICAL, A 430 00:18:07,220 --> 00:18:11,055 SAID HE WAS HYPOCRITICAL, A WOMAN SHOUTS OUT, YOU'RE 431 00:18:11,057 --> 00:18:11,422 WOMAN SHOUTS OUT, YOU'RE TWO-FACED. 432 00:18:11,424 --> 00:18:12,690 TWO-FACED. LINCOLN SAYS, IF I WAS 433 00:18:12,692 --> 00:18:13,858 LINCOLN SAYS, IF I WAS TWO-FACED, DO YOU THINK I WOULD 434 00:18:13,860 --> 00:18:14,559 TWO-FACED, DO YOU THINK I WOULD USE THIS ONE? 435 00:18:14,561 --> 00:18:15,626 USE THIS ONE? THIS IS A COMEBACK. 436 00:18:15,628 --> 00:18:19,330 THIS IS A COMEBACK. HE'S LIKE A CLUB COMIC. 437 00:18:19,332 --> 00:18:22,200 HE'S LIKE A CLUB COMIC. HE HAD A GREAT COMIC SENSE, AND 438 00:18:22,202 --> 00:18:22,900 HE HAD A GREAT COMIC SENSE, AND KNEW HOW TO USE IT TO GET THE 439 00:18:22,902 --> 00:18:25,470 KNEW HOW TO USE IT TO GET THE CROWD ON HIS SIDE. 440 00:18:25,472 --> 00:18:26,737 CROWD ON HIS SIDE. >> ONCE LINCOLN BEGINS TO WIN 441 00:18:26,739 --> 00:18:28,473 >> ONCE LINCOLN BEGINS TO WIN OVER THE CROWDS, HE TURNS THE 442 00:18:28,475 --> 00:18:29,107 OVER THE CROWDS, HE TURNS THE CONVERSATION BACK TOWARDS 443 00:18:29,109 --> 00:18:32,977 CONVERSATION BACK TOWARDS POLICY. 444 00:18:32,979 --> 00:18:35,413 POLICY. >> DOUGLAS HAD SAID, WE CAN 445 00:18:35,415 --> 00:18:36,447 >> DOUGLAS HAD SAID, WE CAN RESOLVE THIS PROBLEM OF 446 00:18:36,449 --> 00:18:39,283 RESOLVE THIS PROBLEM OF CONFLICTS OVER SLAVERY IN THE 447 00:18:39,285 --> 00:18:41,486 CONFLICTS OVER SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES BY SAYING, WHEN 448 00:18:41,488 --> 00:18:44,789 TERRITORIES BY SAYING, WHEN SETTLERS MOVE IN THERE, THEY CAN 449 00:18:44,791 --> 00:18:45,123 SETTLERS MOVE IN THERE, THEY CAN DECIDE. 450 00:18:45,125 --> 00:18:47,492 DECIDE. THEY CALLED THIS POPULAR 451 00:18:47,494 --> 00:18:47,925 THEY CALLED THIS POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. 452 00:18:47,927 --> 00:18:50,161 SOVEREIGNTY. >> TO DOUGLAS, IT SEEMED LIKE 453 00:18:50,163 --> 00:18:52,697 >> TO DOUGLAS, IT SEEMED LIKE THE ESSENCE OF DEMOCRACY. 454 00:18:52,699 --> 00:18:54,966 THE ESSENCE OF DEMOCRACY. LET THE VOTERS DECIDE. 455 00:18:54,968 --> 00:19:02,940 LET THE VOTERS DECIDE. TO LINCOLN, IT WAS IMMORAL. 456 00:19:02,942 --> 00:19:03,608 TO LINCOLN, IT WAS IMMORAL. >> SO HE BACKED HIM INTO A 457 00:19:03,610 --> 00:19:03,941 >> SO HE BACKED HIM INTO A CORNER. 458 00:19:03,943 --> 00:19:06,110 CORNER. HE SAYS, IF A SOUTHERN COMMUNITY 459 00:19:06,112 --> 00:19:08,946 HE SAYS, IF A SOUTHERN COMMUNITY DECIDED TO BAN SLAVERY BY VOTE, 460 00:19:08,948 --> 00:19:10,281 DECIDED TO BAN SLAVERY BY VOTE, WOULD YOU ACCEPT THAT? 461 00:19:10,283 --> 00:19:11,549 WOULD YOU ACCEPT THAT? AND DOUGLAS SAID, YES. 462 00:19:11,551 --> 00:19:15,720 AND DOUGLAS SAID, YES. I'M GOING TO STAND BY POPULAR 463 00:19:15,722 --> 00:19:16,120 I'M GOING TO STAND BY POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY. 464 00:19:16,122 --> 00:19:17,955 SOVEREIGNTY. HE WAS SAYING THAT INDIVIDUAL 465 00:19:17,957 --> 00:19:20,491 HE WAS SAYING THAT INDIVIDUAL SOUTHERN COMMUNITIES COULD 466 00:19:20,493 --> 00:19:21,526 SOUTHERN COMMUNITIES COULD REJECT SLAVERY. 467 00:19:21,528 --> 00:19:23,861 REJECT SLAVERY. SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS WOULD NEVER 468 00:19:23,863 --> 00:19:24,562 SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS WOULD NEVER SUPPORT DOUGLAS FOR PRESIDENT 469 00:19:24,564 --> 00:19:27,498 SUPPORT DOUGLAS FOR PRESIDENT AFTER THAT. 470 00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:29,967 AFTER THAT. >> THOUGH IT'S JUST AN ILLINOIS 471 00:19:29,969 --> 00:19:33,838 >> THOUGH IT'S JUST AN ILLINOIS SENATE RACE, DOUGLAS' CELEBRITY 472 00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:37,475 SENATE RACE, DOUGLAS' CELEBRITY AND LINCOLN'S SHARP RHETORIC 473 00:19:37,477 --> 00:19:38,376 AND LINCOLN'S SHARP RHETORIC GARNER NATIONAL ATTENTION. 474 00:19:38,378 --> 00:19:44,415 GARNER NATIONAL ATTENTION. >> THEIR DEBATES FIRE UP THE 475 00:19:44,417 --> 00:19:44,749 >> THEIR DEBATES FIRE UP THE NATION. 476 00:19:44,751 --> 00:19:46,884 NATION. THIS MAN CONDEMNING THE 477 00:19:46,886 --> 00:19:49,253 THIS MAN CONDEMNING THE ARCHITECT OF THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA 478 00:19:49,255 --> 00:19:51,389 ARCHITECT OF THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, THE POLICY THAT HAS DIVIDED 479 00:19:51,391 --> 00:19:51,989 ACT, THE POLICY THAT HAS DIVIDED THE NATION. 480 00:19:51,991 --> 00:19:54,592 THE NATION. >> AND NEWSPAPERS FED THE BEAST. 481 00:19:54,594 --> 00:19:57,128 >> AND NEWSPAPERS FED THE BEAST. THEY WERE NOT ONLY COVERING THE 482 00:19:57,130 --> 00:19:59,430 THEY WERE NOT ONLY COVERING THE DEBATES, THEY WERE RILING UP 483 00:19:59,432 --> 00:20:02,366 DEBATES, THEY WERE RILING UP CONVERTS TO THEIR CAUSES. 484 00:20:02,368 --> 00:20:06,637 CONVERTS TO THEIR CAUSES. STRICTLY, OPENLY PARTISAN, THE 485 00:20:06,639 --> 00:20:12,143 STRICTLY, OPENLY PARTISAN, THE WAY SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE 486 00:20:12,145 --> 00:20:12,810 WAY SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE BROADCAST AND TELEVISION IS 487 00:20:12,812 --> 00:20:13,544 BROADCAST AND TELEVISION IS TODAY. 488 00:20:13,546 --> 00:20:14,445 TODAY. ACCORDING TO THE REPUBLICAN 489 00:20:14,447 --> 00:20:15,846 ACCORDING TO THE REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPERS, WHEN THE DEBATE WAS 490 00:20:15,848 --> 00:20:17,548 NEWSPAPERS, WHEN THE DEBATE WAS OVER, ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS 491 00:20:17,550 --> 00:20:19,116 OVER, ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS CARRIED OFF IN TRIUMPH ON THE 492 00:20:19,118 --> 00:20:21,986 CARRIED OFF IN TRIUMPH ON THE SHOULDERS OF HIS SUPPORTERS. 493 00:20:21,988 --> 00:20:24,855 SHOULDERS OF HIS SUPPORTERS. >> ACCORDING TO THE DEMOCRATIC 494 00:20:24,857 --> 00:20:26,891 >> ACCORDING TO THE DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPERS, WHEN THE DEBATE WAS 495 00:20:26,893 --> 00:20:28,159 NEWSPAPERS, WHEN THE DEBATE WAS OVER, AN EXHAUSTED ABRAHAM 496 00:20:28,161 --> 00:20:30,728 OVER, AN EXHAUSTED ABRAHAM LINCOLN HAD TO BE CARRIED OFF BY 497 00:20:30,730 --> 00:20:31,495 LINCOLN HAD TO BE CARRIED OFF BY HIS SUPPORTERS. 498 00:20:31,497 --> 00:20:33,731 HIS SUPPORTERS. >> WITH THE MEDIA FUELING 499 00:20:33,733 --> 00:20:37,201 >> WITH THE MEDIA FUELING PARTISAN FIRES, REGIONAL 500 00:20:37,203 --> 00:20:39,303 PARTISAN FIRES, REGIONAL TRIBALISM ONLY ESCALATES. 501 00:20:39,305 --> 00:20:41,772 TRIBALISM ONLY ESCALATES. AND AS THE REPUBLICAN 502 00:20:41,774 --> 00:20:42,473 AND AS THE REPUBLICAN ANTI-SLAVERY AGENDA GAINS 503 00:20:42,475 --> 00:20:45,276 ANTI-SLAVERY AGENDA GAINS TRACTION IN THE NORTH, THREATS 504 00:20:45,278 --> 00:20:46,010 TRACTION IN THE NORTH, THREATS OF SECESSION BEGIN TO PERMEATE 505 00:20:46,012 --> 00:20:48,679 OF SECESSION BEGIN TO PERMEATE THE SOUTH. 506 00:20:54,353 --> 00:20:59,090 >>> AS REGIONAL TENSIONS AROUND THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY ESCALATE 507 00:20:59,092 --> 00:21:01,993 THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY ESCALATE AROUND THE COUNTRY, LINCOLN AND 508 00:21:01,995 --> 00:21:04,795 AROUND THE COUNTRY, LINCOLN AND DOUGLAS PERSONIFY THE CONFLICT 509 00:21:04,797 --> 00:21:11,569 DOUGLAS PERSONIFY THE CONFLICT ON STAGES ACROSS ILLINOIS. 510 00:21:11,571 --> 00:21:15,673 ON STAGES ACROSS ILLINOIS. >> THEN LINCOLN GOES TO 511 00:21:15,675 --> 00:21:16,073 >> THEN LINCOLN GOES TO CHARLESTON. 512 00:21:16,075 --> 00:21:16,874 CHARLESTON. HERE IS THE PLACE WHERE HE'S GOT 513 00:21:16,876 --> 00:21:18,009 HERE IS THE PLACE WHERE HE'S GOT TO SHINE. 514 00:21:18,011 --> 00:21:19,677 TO SHINE. THIS IS CENTRAL ILLINOIS, THE 515 00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:20,745 THIS IS CENTRAL ILLINOIS, THE SWING AREA WHERE THE ELECTION 516 00:21:20,747 --> 00:21:24,515 SWING AREA WHERE THE ELECTION WILL BE DECIDED. 517 00:21:24,517 --> 00:21:27,218 WILL BE DECIDED. >> DOUGLAS WAS A VICIOUS RACIST, 518 00:21:27,220 --> 00:21:30,021 >> DOUGLAS WAS A VICIOUS RACIST, WHO KEPT SAYING THE REPUBLICANS 519 00:21:30,023 --> 00:21:34,392 WHO KEPT SAYING THE REPUBLICANS WANT BLACK MEN TO MARRY YOUR 520 00:21:34,394 --> 00:21:34,825 WANT BLACK MEN TO MARRY YOUR DAUGHTER. 521 00:21:34,827 --> 00:21:37,228 DAUGHTER. END SLAVERY, BLACKS WILL FLOOD 522 00:21:37,230 --> 00:21:39,096 END SLAVERY, BLACKS WILL FLOOD INTO THE STATE AND TAKE OVER. 523 00:21:39,098 --> 00:21:45,503 INTO THE STATE AND TAKE OVER. >> HE SAID THE DECLARATION OF 524 00:21:45,505 --> 00:21:49,440 >> HE SAID THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS NOT DESIGNED TO 525 00:21:49,442 --> 00:21:51,475 INDEPENDENCE WAS NOT DESIGNED TO APPLY TO BLACK PEOPLE. 526 00:21:51,477 --> 00:21:52,910 APPLY TO BLACK PEOPLE. >> HE ASKED LINCOLN, ARE YOU IN 527 00:21:52,912 --> 00:21:56,847 >> HE ASKED LINCOLN, ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF EQUALITY BETWEEN BLACK 528 00:21:56,849 --> 00:21:58,716 FAVOR OF EQUALITY BETWEEN BLACK PEOPLE AND WHITE PEOPLE? 529 00:21:58,718 --> 00:22:01,018 PEOPLE AND WHITE PEOPLE? >> PEOPLE LAUGHED AS IF IT'S 530 00:22:01,020 --> 00:22:04,755 >> PEOPLE LAUGHED AS IF IT'S ABSURD TO THINK THAT A 531 00:22:04,757 --> 00:22:06,691 ABSURD TO THINK THAT A MAINSTREAM CANDIDATE FOR 532 00:22:06,693 --> 00:22:08,259 MAINSTREAM CANDIDATE FOR STATEWIDE OFFICER WOULD HARBOR 533 00:22:08,261 --> 00:22:09,994 STATEWIDE OFFICER WOULD HARBOR SUCH RADICAL THOUGHTS. 534 00:22:09,996 --> 00:22:11,162 SUCH RADICAL THOUGHTS. LINCOLN BEGINS WITH THE MOST 535 00:22:11,164 --> 00:22:12,129 LINCOLN BEGINS WITH THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY STATEMENT IN THE 536 00:22:12,131 --> 00:22:13,331 EXTRAORDINARY STATEMENT IN THE ENTIRE DEBATE. 537 00:22:13,333 --> 00:22:16,634 ENTIRE DEBATE. >> I AM NOT, NOR HAVE EVER BEEN, 538 00:22:16,636 --> 00:22:19,270 >> I AM NOT, NOR HAVE EVER BEEN, IN FAVOR OF BRINGING ABOUT IN 539 00:22:19,272 --> 00:22:20,004 IN FAVOR OF BRINGING ABOUT IN ANY WAY THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL 540 00:22:20,006 --> 00:22:22,940 ANY WAY THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EQUALITY OF THE WHITE AND BLACK 541 00:22:22,942 --> 00:22:23,240 EQUALITY OF THE WHITE AND BLACK RACES. 542 00:22:23,242 --> 00:22:25,609 RACES. >> HE SAID I'M NOT IN FAVOR OF 543 00:22:25,611 --> 00:22:27,945 >> HE SAID I'M NOT IN FAVOR OF BLACKS VOTING, IN FAVOR OF 544 00:22:27,947 --> 00:22:29,113 BLACKS VOTING, IN FAVOR OF BLACKS HOLDING OFFICE. 545 00:22:29,115 --> 00:22:31,782 BLACKS HOLDING OFFICE. >> LINCOLN SAYS NOT ONLY DOES HE 546 00:22:31,784 --> 00:22:34,118 >> LINCOLN SAYS NOT ONLY DOES HE NOT WANT A BLACK WOMAN FOR A 547 00:22:34,120 --> 00:22:37,488 NOT WANT A BLACK WOMAN FOR A SLAVE, BUT HE DOESN'T WANT A 548 00:22:37,490 --> 00:22:38,089 SLAVE, BUT HE DOESN'T WANT A BLACK WOMAN FOR A WIFE. 549 00:22:38,091 --> 00:22:39,056 BLACK WOMAN FOR A WIFE. >> HE'S SAYING STUFF THAT IS 550 00:22:39,058 --> 00:22:40,391 >> HE'S SAYING STUFF THAT IS JUST SHOCKINGLY BAD. 551 00:22:40,393 --> 00:22:41,125 JUST SHOCKINGLY BAD. THERE'S NO WAY TO POLISH IT UP. 552 00:22:41,127 --> 00:22:43,294 THERE'S NO WAY TO POLISH IT UP. IT'S JUST BAD. 553 00:22:43,296 --> 00:22:47,198 IT'S JUST BAD. >> YOU THINK OF HIM AS A GREAT 554 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:47,598 >> YOU THINK OF HIM AS A GREAT EMANCIPATOR. 555 00:22:47,600 --> 00:22:56,574 EMANCIPATOR. BUT HE HAD HORRIBLY BAD VIEWS. 556 00:22:56,576 --> 00:22:58,676 BUT HE HAD HORRIBLY BAD VIEWS. >> THERE MUST BE A POSITION OF 557 00:22:58,678 --> 00:22:59,877 >> THERE MUST BE A POSITION OF SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR. 558 00:22:59,879 --> 00:23:01,846 SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR. I AS MUCH AS ANY OTHER MAN ARE 559 00:23:01,848 --> 00:23:04,782 I AS MUCH AS ANY OTHER MAN ARE IN FAVOR OF HAVING THE SUPERIOR 560 00:23:04,784 --> 00:23:07,351 IN FAVOR OF HAVING THE SUPERIOR POSITION ASSIGNED TO THE WHITE 561 00:23:07,353 --> 00:23:09,353 POSITION ASSIGNED TO THE WHITE RACE. 562 00:23:09,355 --> 00:23:11,188 RACE. >> LINCOLN BELIEVED THAT HE 563 00:23:11,190 --> 00:23:14,024 >> LINCOLN BELIEVED THAT HE BELONGED TO THE SUPERIOR RACE. 564 00:23:14,026 --> 00:23:17,027 BELONGED TO THE SUPERIOR RACE. SLAVERY WAS WRONG, AND NO MAN 565 00:23:17,029 --> 00:23:17,962 SLAVERY WAS WRONG, AND NO MAN SHOULD OWN ANOTHER. 566 00:23:17,964 --> 00:23:20,097 SHOULD OWN ANOTHER. BUT WHETHER OR NOT FREEDOM WOULD 567 00:23:20,099 --> 00:23:23,467 BUT WHETHER OR NOT FREEDOM WOULD MEAN EQUALITY WAS SOMETHING VERY 568 00:23:23,469 --> 00:23:23,834 MEAN EQUALITY WAS SOMETHING VERY DIFFERENT. 569 00:23:23,836 --> 00:23:25,136 DIFFERENT. >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT PEOPLE 570 00:23:25,138 --> 00:23:27,538 >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT PEOPLE SAY IS THAT LINCOLN WAS A MAN OF 571 00:23:27,540 --> 00:23:29,573 SAY IS THAT LINCOLN WAS A MAN OF HIS TIME. 572 00:23:29,575 --> 00:23:34,745 HIS TIME. BUT FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND 573 00:23:34,747 --> 00:23:36,747 BUT FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND WILLIAM GARRISON WERE ALSO MEN 574 00:23:36,749 --> 00:23:39,350 WILLIAM GARRISON WERE ALSO MEN OF THIS TIME. 575 00:23:39,352 --> 00:23:41,085 OF THIS TIME. WE KNOW THAT LINCOLN ENVISIONED 576 00:23:41,087 --> 00:23:44,822 WE KNOW THAT LINCOLN ENVISIONED A WORLD IN WHICH SLAVERY DID NOT 577 00:23:44,824 --> 00:23:45,623 A WORLD IN WHICH SLAVERY DID NOT EXIST. 578 00:23:45,625 --> 00:23:48,159 EXIST. SO WE SHOULDN'T LET HIM OFF THE 579 00:23:48,161 --> 00:23:55,433 SO WE SHOULDN'T LET HIM OFF THE HOOK FOR FAILING TO IMAGINE A 580 00:23:55,435 --> 00:23:56,434 HOOK FOR FAILING TO IMAGINE A DIFFERENT SOLUTION FOR RACE 581 00:23:56,436 --> 00:23:57,201 DIFFERENT SOLUTION FOR RACE RELATIONS IN THE COUNTRY. 582 00:23:57,203 --> 00:24:02,506 RELATIONS IN THE COUNTRY. >> BY THE FINAL DEBATE, DOUGLAS 583 00:24:02,508 --> 00:24:03,974 >> BY THE FINAL DEBATE, DOUGLAS HAS LOST HIS VOICE. 584 00:24:03,976 --> 00:24:05,376 HAS LOST HIS VOICE. HE'S BARELY CROAKING HIS WAY 585 00:24:05,378 --> 00:24:05,810 HE'S BARELY CROAKING HIS WAY THROUGH. 586 00:24:05,812 --> 00:24:06,510 THROUGH. AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN GETS THE 587 00:24:06,512 --> 00:24:08,612 AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN GETS THE FINAL WORD. 588 00:24:08,614 --> 00:24:12,817 FINAL WORD. HE SAYS, THE PERPETUATION OF 589 00:24:12,819 --> 00:24:14,051 HE SAYS, THE PERPETUATION OF SLAVERY WAS A COMPROMISE 590 00:24:14,053 --> 00:24:15,553 SLAVERY WAS A COMPROMISE NECESSARILY FOR THE CREATION OF 591 00:24:15,555 --> 00:24:16,754 NECESSARILY FOR THE CREATION OF THE UNION. 592 00:24:16,756 --> 00:24:20,858 THE UNION. BUT THE FOUNDERS DID NOT INTEND 593 00:24:20,860 --> 00:24:25,062 BUT THE FOUNDERS DID NOT INTEND FOR IT TO EXPAND OR PERPETUATE 594 00:24:25,064 --> 00:24:25,429 FOR IT TO EXPAND OR PERPETUATE FOREVER. 595 00:24:25,431 --> 00:24:27,164 FOREVER. >> ONLY 82 YEARS BEFORE, THE 596 00:24:27,166 --> 00:24:28,532 >> ONLY 82 YEARS BEFORE, THE FOUNDING FATHERS LIBERATED THE 597 00:24:28,534 --> 00:24:30,034 FOUNDING FATHERS LIBERATED THE UNITED STATES FROM THE TYRANNY 598 00:24:30,036 --> 00:24:30,768 UNITED STATES FROM THE TYRANNY OF KINGS. 599 00:24:30,770 --> 00:24:32,403 OF KINGS. >> HE SAYS, WHETHER IT COMES 600 00:24:32,405 --> 00:24:34,071 >> HE SAYS, WHETHER IT COMES FROM THE MOUTH OF A KING WHO 601 00:24:34,073 --> 00:24:39,977 FROM THE MOUTH OF A KING WHO SEEKS TO DESTROY THE PEOPLE AND 602 00:24:39,979 --> 00:24:40,845 SEEKS TO DESTROY THE PEOPLE AND LIVE BY THE FRUIT OF THEIR 603 00:24:40,847 --> 00:24:43,881 LIVE BY THE FRUIT OF THEIR LABOR, OR FROM ONE RACE OF MAN 604 00:24:43,883 --> 00:24:48,953 LABOR, OR FROM ONE RACE OF MAN TO ANOTHER, IT'S THE SAME 605 00:24:48,955 --> 00:24:50,221 TO ANOTHER, IT'S THE SAME TYRANNICAL PRINCIPLE. 606 00:24:50,223 --> 00:24:52,756 TYRANNICAL PRINCIPLE. >> SAYING THAT SLAVE OWNERS ARE 607 00:24:52,758 --> 00:24:56,360 >> SAYING THAT SLAVE OWNERS ARE LIKE TYRANTS, AND THEN THEY'RE 608 00:24:56,362 --> 00:24:57,828 LIKE TYRANTS, AND THEN THEY'RE FUNDAMENTALLY UN-AMERICAN. 609 00:24:57,830 --> 00:25:02,867 FUNDAMENTALLY UN-AMERICAN. NOTHING ABOUT THAT ANTI-SLAVERY 610 00:25:02,869 --> 00:25:04,735 NOTHING ABOUT THAT ANTI-SLAVERY APPROACH IS PREDICATED WITH 611 00:25:04,737 --> 00:25:06,837 APPROACH IS PREDICATED WITH CONCERN ABOUT BLACK PEOPLE. 612 00:25:06,839 --> 00:25:08,539 CONCERN ABOUT BLACK PEOPLE. AND I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE 613 00:25:08,541 --> 00:25:10,975 AND I THINK THAT'S ONE OF THE MAJOR APPEALS OF ANTI-SLAVERY TO 614 00:25:10,977 --> 00:25:13,244 MAJOR APPEALS OF ANTI-SLAVERY TO A LOT OF WHITE NORTHERNERS. 615 00:25:13,246 --> 00:25:15,779 A LOT OF WHITE NORTHERNERS. >> LINCOLN'S STANCE ALLOWS 616 00:25:15,781 --> 00:25:17,515 >> LINCOLN'S STANCE ALLOWS NORTHERN REPUBLICANS TO STAND 617 00:25:17,517 --> 00:25:19,416 NORTHERN REPUBLICANS TO STAND PROUDLY AGAINST SLAVERY, WHILE 618 00:25:19,418 --> 00:25:20,885 PROUDLY AGAINST SLAVERY, WHILE REMAINING FIRMLY COMMITTED TO 619 00:25:20,887 --> 00:25:22,253 REMAINING FIRMLY COMMITTED TO WHITE SUPREMACY. 620 00:25:22,255 --> 00:25:23,921 WHITE SUPREMACY. HIS RHETORIC HAS THE COUNTRY 621 00:25:23,923 --> 00:25:26,957 HIS RHETORIC HAS THE COUNTRY ABUZZ WITH NEWS OF THE DAZZLING 622 00:25:26,959 --> 00:25:28,025 ABUZZ WITH NEWS OF THE DAZZLING ORATOR FROM ILLINOIS. 623 00:25:28,027 --> 00:25:33,063 ORATOR FROM ILLINOIS. >> BUT ILLINOIS WAS A DEEPLY 624 00:25:33,065 --> 00:25:33,797 >> BUT ILLINOIS WAS A DEEPLY RACIST STATE. 625 00:25:33,799 --> 00:25:36,367 RACIST STATE. >> PLUS THE STATE WAS 626 00:25:36,369 --> 00:25:38,369 >> PLUS THE STATE WAS GERRYMANDERED AND TILTED TOWARD 627 00:25:38,371 --> 00:25:40,671 GERRYMANDERED AND TILTED TOWARD THE DEMOCRATS, WHO HAD CREATED 628 00:25:40,673 --> 00:25:41,438 THE DEMOCRATS, WHO HAD CREATED THE DISTRICT LINES. 629 00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:42,139 THE DISTRICT LINES. >> HE LOSES. 630 00:25:42,141 --> 00:25:44,108 >> HE LOSES. >> YOU WOULD THINK THAT IS IT 631 00:25:44,110 --> 00:25:46,477 >> YOU WOULD THINK THAT IS IT FOR HIS POLITICAL CAREER. 632 00:25:46,479 --> 00:25:49,280 FOR HIS POLITICAL CAREER. BUT HE SAYS, THE FIGHT MUST GO 633 00:25:49,282 --> 00:25:49,547 BUT HE SAYS, THE FIGHT MUST GO ON. 634 00:25:49,549 --> 00:25:52,049 ON. AND THESE DEBATES PROVIDE A 635 00:25:52,051 --> 00:25:53,183 AND THESE DEBATES PROVIDE A PLATFORM FOR WHAT IS GOING TO BE 636 00:25:53,185 --> 00:25:56,520 PLATFORM FOR WHAT IS GOING TO BE HIS LAUNCH INTO THE PRESIDENCY 637 00:26:03,795 --> 00:26:09,600 >>> AS THE COUNTRY PREPARES FOR THE 1860 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, 638 00:26:09,602 --> 00:26:13,037 THE 1860 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, NEW YORK SENATOR WILLIAM SEWARD 639 00:26:13,039 --> 00:26:14,905 NEW YORK SENATOR WILLIAM SEWARD IS THE CONTROVERSIAL FRONT 640 00:26:14,907 --> 00:26:15,539 IS THE CONTROVERSIAL FRONT RUNNER FOR THE REPUBLICAN 641 00:26:15,541 --> 00:26:21,145 RUNNER FOR THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION. 642 00:26:21,147 --> 00:26:23,847 NOMINATION. >> THEY'RE OPPOSED TO SEWARD. 643 00:26:23,849 --> 00:26:26,784 >> THEY'RE OPPOSED TO SEWARD. THEY DON'T LIKE HIS METHODS. 644 00:26:26,786 --> 00:26:29,019 THEY DON'T LIKE HIS METHODS. HE'S CORRUPT, TOO MUCH THE NEW 645 00:26:29,021 --> 00:26:29,353 HE'S CORRUPT, TOO MUCH THE NEW YORKER. 646 00:26:29,355 --> 00:26:34,458 YORKER. >> THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK 647 00:26:34,460 --> 00:26:36,260 >> THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE AND HIS FRIENDS INVITE A 648 00:26:36,262 --> 00:26:37,394 TRIBUNE AND HIS FRIENDS INVITE A SERIES OF REPUBLICANS TO COME 649 00:26:37,396 --> 00:26:38,395 SERIES OF REPUBLICANS TO COME AND GIVE SPEECHES IN NEW YORK. 650 00:26:38,397 --> 00:26:40,831 AND GIVE SPEECHES IN NEW YORK. >> THEY WANT TO HEAR FROM A 651 00:26:40,833 --> 00:26:46,136 >> THEY WANT TO HEAR FROM A VARIETY OF SPEAKERS WHO MIGHT BE 652 00:26:46,138 --> 00:26:46,670 VARIETY OF SPEAKERS WHO MIGHT BE A 653 00:26:46,672 --> 00:26:48,439 A ALTERNATIVES TO SEWARD. 654 00:26:48,441 --> 00:26:53,177 ALTERNATIVES TO SEWARD. >> AND OF COURSE, THE MAN WHO 655 00:26:53,179 --> 00:26:55,145 >> AND OF COURSE, THE MAN WHO ENGAGED DOUGLAS SO BRILLIANTLY 656 00:26:55,147 --> 00:26:55,946 ENGAGED DOUGLAS SO BRILLIANTLY WAS INVITED. 657 00:26:55,948 --> 00:26:57,715 WAS INVITED. >> ON THE VERY DAY OF THE 658 00:26:57,717 --> 00:26:59,850 >> ON THE VERY DAY OF THE SPEECH, LINCOLN WALKS ALL THE 659 00:26:59,852 --> 00:27:01,986 SPEECH, LINCOLN WALKS ALL THE WAY UP BROADWAY TO MATTHEW 660 00:27:01,988 --> 00:27:04,288 WAY UP BROADWAY TO MATTHEW BRADY'S PHOTO GALLERY. 661 00:27:04,290 --> 00:27:06,757 BRADY'S PHOTO GALLERY. THE MOST FAMOUS GALLERY IN THE 662 00:27:06,759 --> 00:27:07,391 THE MOST FAMOUS GALLERY IN THE UNITED STATES. 663 00:27:07,393 --> 00:27:10,227 UNITED STATES. TO MAKE A PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF 664 00:27:10,229 --> 00:27:10,961 TO MAKE A PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD OF THIS IMPORTANT VISIT TO NEW YORK 665 00:27:10,963 --> 00:27:14,932 THIS IMPORTANT VISIT TO NEW YORK CITY. 666 00:27:14,934 --> 00:27:16,467 CITY. >> IT'S SO IMPORTANT TO REALIZE 667 00:27:16,469 --> 00:27:18,902 >> IT'S SO IMPORTANT TO REALIZE THAT PHOTOGRAPHY IS A NEW 668 00:27:18,904 --> 00:27:21,639 THAT PHOTOGRAPHY IS A NEW PHENOMENON IN AMERICAN CULTURE. 669 00:27:21,641 --> 00:27:23,874 PHENOMENON IN AMERICAN CULTURE. >> YOU HAVE THIS VISUAL CULTURE 670 00:27:23,876 --> 00:27:27,845 >> YOU HAVE THIS VISUAL CULTURE THAT SORT OF VIVIFIES AND MAKES 671 00:27:27,847 --> 00:27:28,312 THAT SORT OF VIVIFIES AND MAKES POLITICS REAL. 672 00:27:28,314 --> 00:27:30,781 POLITICS REAL. >> LINCOLN KNOWS HOW TO PRESENT 673 00:27:30,783 --> 00:27:31,181 >> LINCOLN KNOWS HOW TO PRESENT HIMSELF. 674 00:27:31,183 --> 00:27:33,984 HIMSELF. THAT'S PART OF WHAT LINCOLN'S 675 00:27:33,986 --> 00:27:35,352 THAT'S PART OF WHAT LINCOLN'S GENIUS WAS AS A POLITICIAN. 676 00:27:35,354 --> 00:27:37,855 GENIUS WAS AS A POLITICIAN. >> THAT'S A REMARKABLE SHOT. 677 00:27:37,857 --> 00:27:39,390 >> THAT'S A REMARKABLE SHOT. PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT 678 00:27:39,392 --> 00:27:40,824 PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT PHOTOGRAPH LINCOLN HAS EVER 679 00:27:40,826 --> 00:27:42,626 PHOTOGRAPH LINCOLN HAS EVER TAKEN. 680 00:27:42,628 --> 00:27:43,394 TAKEN. >> THE UNION IS IN TROUBLE. 681 00:27:43,396 --> 00:27:45,162 >> THE UNION IS IN TROUBLE. THIS IS GOING TO BE THE MOST 682 00:27:45,164 --> 00:27:45,996 THIS IS GOING TO BE THE MOST IMPORTANT ELECTION THAT THE 683 00:27:45,998 --> 00:27:46,930 IMPORTANT ELECTION THAT THE COUNTRY HAS EVER SEEN. 684 00:27:46,932 --> 00:27:47,598 COUNTRY HAS EVER SEEN. WHO DO YOU WANT TO LEAD YOU 685 00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:50,768 WHO DO YOU WANT TO LEAD YOU THROUGH THAT? 686 00:27:50,770 --> 00:27:53,003 THROUGH THAT? >> HERE'S THIS TALL, ELEGANT 687 00:27:53,005 --> 00:27:55,239 >> HERE'S THIS TALL, ELEGANT FIGURE IN A TUXEDO, LOOKING US 688 00:27:55,241 --> 00:27:56,907 FIGURE IN A TUXEDO, LOOKING US RIGHT IN THE EYE. 689 00:27:56,909 --> 00:27:59,777 RIGHT IN THE EYE. HIS LEFT HAND IS ON A BOOK. 690 00:27:59,779 --> 00:28:01,979 HIS LEFT HAND IS ON A BOOK. IT BRINGS HOME THAT THEME OF 691 00:28:01,981 --> 00:28:03,681 IT BRINGS HOME THAT THEME OF EDUCATION, OF LEARNING. 692 00:28:03,683 --> 00:28:06,050 EDUCATION, OF LEARNING. BUT LOOK AT THAT RIGHT HAND. 693 00:28:06,052 --> 00:28:08,018 BUT LOOK AT THAT RIGHT HAND. THE SLEEVE COMES OUT FROM 694 00:28:08,020 --> 00:28:08,919 THE SLEEVE COMES OUT FROM UNDERNEATH THE COAT. 695 00:28:08,921 --> 00:28:12,656 UNDERNEATH THE COAT. THIS WAS STRENGTH. 696 00:28:12,658 --> 00:28:15,526 THIS WAS STRENGTH. THIS WAS SOMEONE WHO WORKED ON 697 00:28:15,528 --> 00:28:17,728 THIS WAS SOMEONE WHO WORKED ON THE FRONTIER. 698 00:28:17,730 --> 00:28:19,797 THE FRONTIER. CARL SANDBERG ONCE SAID THAT 699 00:28:19,799 --> 00:28:20,631 CARL SANDBERG ONCE SAID THAT LINCOLN WAS EQUAL PARTS VELVET 700 00:28:20,633 --> 00:28:23,767 LINCOLN WAS EQUAL PARTS VELVET AND IRON. 701 00:28:23,769 --> 00:28:26,103 AND IRON. THE LEFT HAND IS VELVET. 702 00:28:26,105 --> 00:28:27,337 THE LEFT HAND IS VELVET. THE RIGHT HAND IS IRON. 703 00:28:27,339 --> 00:28:29,373 THE RIGHT HAND IS IRON. >> THAT'S NOT ACCIDENTAL STUFF. 704 00:28:29,375 --> 00:28:30,107 >> THAT'S NOT ACCIDENTAL STUFF. THAT'S LINCOLN COMPOSING HIMSELF 705 00:28:30,109 --> 00:28:34,678 THAT'S LINCOLN COMPOSING HIMSELF AS A PUBLIC FIGURE. 706 00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:36,814 AS A PUBLIC FIGURE. >> HOURS LATER, LINCOLN MAKES 707 00:28:36,816 --> 00:28:40,250 >> HOURS LATER, LINCOLN MAKES HIS WAY TO THE COOPER UNION 708 00:28:40,252 --> 00:28:42,252 HIS WAY TO THE COOPER UNION GREAT HALL. 709 00:28:42,254 --> 00:28:43,721 GREAT HALL. IT'S GOT 2,000 SEATS FOR AN 710 00:28:43,723 --> 00:28:45,289 IT'S GOT 2,000 SEATS FOR AN AUDIENCE THAT IS DESCRIBED AS 711 00:28:45,291 --> 00:28:48,058 AUDIENCE THAT IS DESCRIBED AS THE PICK AND FLOWER OF NEW YORK. 712 00:28:48,060 --> 00:28:50,394 THE PICK AND FLOWER OF NEW YORK. >> THE YOUNG MEN'S REPUBLICAN 713 00:28:50,396 --> 00:28:51,628 >> THE YOUNG MEN'S REPUBLICAN CLUB, WHICH WAS REALLY NOT A 714 00:28:51,630 --> 00:28:53,897 CLUB, WHICH WAS REALLY NOT A CLUB FOR YOUNG MEN, IT WAS 715 00:28:53,899 --> 00:28:55,332 CLUB FOR YOUNG MEN, IT WAS REALLY THE ORGANIZATION OF EAST 716 00:28:55,334 --> 00:28:56,767 REALLY THE ORGANIZATION OF EAST COAST REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP. 717 00:28:56,769 --> 00:28:59,103 COAST REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP. >> AND THEY'RE CHARGING 25 CENTS 718 00:28:59,105 --> 00:28:59,737 >> AND THEY'RE CHARGING 25 CENTS A TICKET. 719 00:28:59,739 --> 00:29:03,107 A TICKET. THESE PEOPLE CAME TO BE 720 00:29:03,109 --> 00:29:03,507 THESE PEOPLE CAME TO BE ENTERTAINED. 721 00:29:03,509 --> 00:29:05,075 ENTERTAINED. LINCOLN IS THE LAST IN THIS 722 00:29:05,077 --> 00:29:05,976 LINCOLN IS THE LAST IN THIS SERIES. 723 00:29:05,978 --> 00:29:08,212 SERIES. HE KNOWS SO WELL, THIS IS THE DO 724 00:29:08,214 --> 00:29:10,647 HE KNOWS SO WELL, THIS IS THE DO OR DIE EXPERIENCE OF HIS 725 00:29:10,649 --> 00:29:13,617 OR DIE EXPERIENCE OF HIS LIFETIME. 726 00:29:13,619 --> 00:29:14,284 LIFETIME. THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK 727 00:29:14,286 --> 00:29:16,220 THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK EVENING POST INTRODUCES HIM AS 728 00:29:16,222 --> 00:29:17,821 EVENING POST INTRODUCES HIM AS THE WARRIOR OF THE WEST. 729 00:29:17,823 --> 00:29:19,323 THE WARRIOR OF THE WEST. AND LINCOLN IS BROUGHT TO THE 730 00:29:19,325 --> 00:29:24,795 AND LINCOLN IS BROUGHT TO THE STAGE. 731 00:29:24,797 --> 00:29:26,330 STAGE. THE FIRST PART WAS MEANT TO MOCK 732 00:29:26,332 --> 00:29:31,201 THE FIRST PART WAS MEANT TO MOCK STEVEN DOUGLAS. 733 00:29:31,203 --> 00:29:35,205 STEVEN DOUGLAS. LOTS OF LAUGHTER AND SHOUTS OF 734 00:29:35,207 --> 00:29:36,673 LOTS OF LAUGHTER AND SHOUTS OF HIT HIM AGAIN. 735 00:29:36,675 --> 00:29:39,042 HIT HIM AGAIN. AND THEN HE ABRUPTLY SWITCHES 736 00:29:39,044 --> 00:29:40,577 AND THEN HE ABRUPTLY SWITCHES AND GETS MORE SERIOUS. 737 00:29:40,579 --> 00:29:43,514 AND GETS MORE SERIOUS. HE SAYS, NOW, IF PEOPLE IN THE 738 00:29:43,516 --> 00:29:45,616 HE SAYS, NOW, IF PEOPLE IN THE SOUTH WOULD LISTEN, WE DO NOT 739 00:29:45,618 --> 00:29:48,685 SOUTH WOULD LISTEN, WE DO NOT MEAN TO THREATEN YOUR PROPERTY. 740 00:29:48,687 --> 00:29:52,623 MEAN TO THREATEN YOUR PROPERTY. ALL WE WANT TO DO IS CONTROL THE 741 00:29:52,625 --> 00:29:54,424 ALL WE WANT TO DO IS CONTROL THE SPREAD OF AN CONSTINSTITUTION T 742 00:29:54,426 --> 00:29:54,958 SPREAD OF AN CONSTINSTITUTION T YOU KNOW IS WRONG. 743 00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:56,193 YOU KNOW IS WRONG. >> HE GOES THROUGH EVERY SINGLE 744 00:29:56,195 --> 00:29:58,896 >> HE GOES THROUGH EVERY SINGLE ARGUMENT THAT HAS BEEN THROWN 745 00:29:58,898 --> 00:29:59,496 ARGUMENT THAT HAS BEEN THROWN AGAINST THE REPUBLICANS. 746 00:29:59,498 --> 00:30:02,166 AGAINST THE REPUBLICANS. AND LOGICALLY DECONSTRUCTS IT. 747 00:30:02,168 --> 00:30:04,401 AND LOGICALLY DECONSTRUCTS IT. >> AND HE ENDS WITH -- 748 00:30:04,403 --> 00:30:06,069 >> AND HE ENDS WITH -- >> LET US HAVE FAITH THAT RIGHT 749 00:30:06,071 --> 00:30:07,104 >> LET US HAVE FAITH THAT RIGHT MAKES MIGHT. 750 00:30:07,106 --> 00:30:09,406 MAKES MIGHT. AND IN THAT FAITH, DARE TO DO 751 00:30:09,408 --> 00:30:13,777 AND IN THAT FAITH, DARE TO DO OUR DUTY AS WE UNDERSTAND IT. 752 00:30:13,779 --> 00:30:17,014 OUR DUTY AS WE UNDERSTAND IT. >> IT WAS A MAGICAL PERFORMANCE. 753 00:30:17,016 --> 00:30:21,552 >> IT WAS A MAGICAL PERFORMANCE. >> AND AT THE END, PEOPLE ARE 754 00:30:21,554 --> 00:30:22,886 >> AND AT THE END, PEOPLE ARE SAYING THIS IS THE GREATEST 755 00:30:22,888 --> 00:30:25,355 SAYING THIS IS THE GREATEST SPEECH WE'VE HEARD IN NEW YORK 756 00:30:25,357 --> 00:30:25,656 SPEECH WE'VE HEARD IN NEW YORK EVER. 757 00:30:25,658 --> 00:30:31,295 EVER. >> PEOPLE THREW HATS IN THE AIR 758 00:30:31,297 --> 00:30:31,695 >> PEOPLE THREW HATS IN THE AIR AT THE END. 759 00:30:31,697 --> 00:30:37,401 AT THE END. THEN HE GOES OFF TO A BANQUET IN 760 00:30:37,403 --> 00:30:38,502 THEN HE GOES OFF TO A BANQUET IN HIS HONOR. 761 00:30:38,504 --> 00:30:42,039 HIS HONOR. BUT HE CUTS ACROSS TO THE 762 00:30:42,041 --> 00:30:44,341 BUT HE CUTS ACROSS TO THE OFFICES OF THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE, 763 00:30:44,343 --> 00:30:47,444 OFFICES OF THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE, AND READ PROOF OF THE SPEECH AND 764 00:30:47,446 --> 00:30:49,179 AND READ PROOF OF THE SPEECH AND EDITED IT. 765 00:30:49,181 --> 00:30:51,515 EDITED IT. HE WANTED IT TO BE PERFECT. 766 00:30:51,517 --> 00:30:52,749 HE WANTED IT TO BE PERFECT. LINCOLN CARED ABOUT GETTING IT 767 00:30:52,751 --> 00:30:53,851 LINCOLN CARED ABOUT GETTING IT INTO THE PRESS. 768 00:30:53,853 --> 00:30:54,585 INTO THE PRESS. THAT'S WHERE CAMPAIGNS WERE WON 769 00:30:54,587 --> 00:30:58,355 THAT'S WHERE CAMPAIGNS WERE WON AND LOST. 770 00:30:58,357 --> 00:31:02,559 AND LOST. >> BEFORE LONG, COPIES OF THE 771 00:31:02,561 --> 00:31:07,064 >> BEFORE LONG, COPIES OF THE BRADY PHOTOS SPRING UP IN 772 00:31:07,066 --> 00:31:10,267 BRADY PHOTOS SPRING UP IN WEEKLIES, ALONGSIDE STORIES OF 773 00:31:10,269 --> 00:31:10,734 WEEKLIES, ALONGSIDE STORIES OF LINCOLN'S RISE. 774 00:31:10,736 --> 00:31:12,836 LINCOLN'S RISE. >> LINCOLN IS COMING OF AGE IN 775 00:31:12,838 --> 00:31:13,937 >> LINCOLN IS COMING OF AGE IN THE WORLD OF MASS JOURNALISM. 776 00:31:13,939 --> 00:31:14,504 THE WORLD OF MASS JOURNALISM. AND HE'S A MASTER OF 777 00:31:14,506 --> 00:31:17,741 AND HE'S A MASTER OF COMMUNICATION. 778 00:31:17,743 --> 00:31:21,111 COMMUNICATION. >> HE WAS ILLUSTRATING A SPEECH, 779 00:31:21,113 --> 00:31:22,446 >> HE WAS ILLUSTRATING A SPEECH, DELIVERING IT, PROMOTING IT. 780 00:31:22,448 --> 00:31:26,183 DELIVERING IT, PROMOTING IT. ALL IN THE SAME 24 HOURS. 781 00:31:26,185 --> 00:31:29,286 ALL IN THE SAME 24 HOURS. THE POST COOPER UNION MOMENTUM 782 00:31:29,288 --> 00:31:32,422 THE POST COOPER UNION MOMENTUM BUILT SPONTANEOUSLY. 783 00:31:32,424 --> 00:31:34,758 BUILT SPONTANEOUSLY. >> LINCOLN BEGINS TOURING NEW 784 00:31:34,760 --> 00:31:35,959 >> LINCOLN BEGINS TOURING NEW ENGLAND, PERFORMING VARIATIONS 785 00:31:35,961 --> 00:31:38,161 ENGLAND, PERFORMING VARIATIONS ON THE COOPER UNION SPEECH FOR 786 00:31:38,163 --> 00:31:39,196 ON THE COOPER UNION SPEECH FOR EAGER AUDIENCES. 787 00:31:39,198 --> 00:31:44,034 EAGER AUDIENCES. >> IN CONNECTICUT, RHODE ISLAND, 788 00:31:44,036 --> 00:31:45,936 >> IN CONNECTICUT, RHODE ISLAND, NEW HAMPSHIRE, TWO-HOUR SPEECHES 789 00:31:45,938 --> 00:31:46,470 NEW HAMPSHIRE, TWO-HOUR SPEECHES EVERYWHERE HE WENT. 790 00:31:46,472 --> 00:31:47,204 EVERYWHERE HE WENT. ALWAYS ENDING WITH RIGHT MAKES 791 00:31:47,206 --> 00:31:50,641 ALWAYS ENDING WITH RIGHT MAKES MIGHT. 792 00:31:50,643 --> 00:31:54,544 MIGHT. >> LINCOLN SCHEDULES A STOP IN 793 00:31:54,546 --> 00:31:57,447 >> LINCOLN SCHEDULES A STOP IN EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, WHERE HIS 794 00:31:57,449 --> 00:31:59,383 EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, WHERE HIS OLDEST SON ROBERT IS IN BOARDING 795 00:31:59,385 --> 00:32:01,184 OLDEST SON ROBERT IS IN BOARDING SCHOOL. 796 00:32:01,186 --> 00:32:03,120 SCHOOL. >> ROBERT THINKS THIS IS REALLY 797 00:32:03,122 --> 00:32:03,553 >> ROBERT THINKS THIS IS REALLY EMBARRASSING. 798 00:32:03,555 --> 00:32:05,389 EMBARRASSING. I HAVE TO SIT WITH MY 799 00:32:05,391 --> 00:32:07,691 I HAVE TO SIT WITH MY BLUE-BLOODED FRIENDS AND HEAR MY 800 00:32:07,693 --> 00:32:10,427 BLUE-BLOODED FRIENDS AND HEAR MY WESTERN FATHER GIVE A SPEECH. 801 00:32:10,429 --> 00:32:12,930 WESTERN FATHER GIVE A SPEECH. ONE OF THE BOYS SAID, TOO BAD 802 00:32:12,932 --> 00:32:15,999 ONE OF THE BOYS SAID, TOO BAD BOB HAS SUCH AN UGLY FATHER. 803 00:32:16,001 --> 00:32:23,106 BOB HAS SUCH AN UGLY FATHER. ROBERT IS SINKING IN HIS CHAIR 804 00:32:23,108 --> 00:32:23,473 ROBERT IS SINKING IN HIS CHAIR IN SHAME. 805 00:32:23,475 --> 00:32:25,542 IN SHAME. THEN LINCOLN STANDS UP, AND THE 806 00:32:25,544 --> 00:32:26,009 THEN LINCOLN STANDS UP, AND THE DAZZLING BEGINS. 807 00:32:26,011 --> 00:32:28,078 DAZZLING BEGINS. WHEN IT'S OVER, THE BOYS ALL 808 00:32:28,080 --> 00:32:29,346 WHEN IT'S OVER, THE BOYS ALL COME AND SLAP BOB ON THE BACK 809 00:32:29,348 --> 00:32:30,147 COME AND SLAP BOB ON THE BACK AND SAY, WOW, YOUR FATHER IS 810 00:32:30,149 --> 00:32:40,624 AND SAY, WOW, YOUR FATHER IS SOMETHING ELSE. 811 00:32:40,626 --> 00:32:44,661 SOMETHING ELSE. >> IN MAY OF 1860, THE 812 00:32:44,663 --> 00:32:45,395 >> IN MAY OF 1860, THE REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION 813 00:32:45,397 --> 00:32:47,631 REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION IS HELD IN CHICAGO. 814 00:32:47,633 --> 00:32:53,337 IS HELD IN CHICAGO. GOING INTO THE CONVENTION, 815 00:32:53,339 --> 00:32:56,840 GOING INTO THE CONVENTION, SENATOR WILLIAM H. SEWARD OF NEW 816 00:32:56,842 --> 00:32:59,343 SENATOR WILLIAM H. SEWARD OF NEW YORK REMAINS THE FRONT RUNNER. 817 00:32:59,345 --> 00:33:01,578 YORK REMAINS THE FRONT RUNNER. >> LINCOLN SNEAKS IN. 818 00:33:01,580 --> 00:33:04,915 >> LINCOLN SNEAKS IN. >> HE'S A DARK HORSE CANDIDATE. 819 00:33:04,917 --> 00:33:10,687 >> HE'S A DARK HORSE CANDIDATE. >> THE BALLOTING BEGINS. 820 00:33:10,689 --> 00:33:15,225 >> THE BALLOTING BEGINS. ON THE FIRST BALLOT, SEWARD IS 821 00:33:15,227 --> 00:33:15,592 ON THE FIRST BALLOT, SEWARD IS IN FRONT. 822 00:33:15,594 --> 00:33:16,259 IN FRONT. NO SURPRISE THERE. 823 00:33:16,261 --> 00:33:17,494 NO SURPRISE THERE. BUT LINCOLN IS SECOND. 824 00:33:17,496 --> 00:33:21,031 BUT LINCOLN IS SECOND. THEY GO TO A SECOND BALLOT. 825 00:33:21,033 --> 00:33:23,000 THEY GO TO A SECOND BALLOT. SEWARD STAYS MORE OR LESS THE 826 00:33:23,002 --> 00:33:23,400 SEWARD STAYS MORE OR LESS THE SAME. 827 00:33:23,402 --> 00:33:24,634 SAME. LINCOLN STARTS TO CATCH UP. 828 00:33:24,636 --> 00:33:25,369 LINCOLN STARTS TO CATCH UP. THE CROWD IS GETTING EXCITED FOR 829 00:33:25,371 --> 00:33:27,971 THE CROWD IS GETTING EXCITED FOR LINCOLN. 830 00:33:27,973 --> 00:33:30,974 LINCOLN. THE THIRD BALLOT COMES ALONG. 831 00:33:30,976 --> 00:33:33,810 THE THIRD BALLOT COMES ALONG. LINCOLN DRAWS EVEN WITH SEWARD. 832 00:33:33,812 --> 00:33:36,279 LINCOLN DRAWS EVEN WITH SEWARD. AND THE HEAD OF THE OHIO 833 00:33:36,281 --> 00:33:38,915 AND THE HEAD OF THE OHIO DELEGATION ANNOUNCES THAT OHIO 834 00:33:38,917 --> 00:33:39,649 DELEGATION ANNOUNCES THAT OHIO WAS GOING TO CHANGE FOUR OF ITS 835 00:33:39,651 --> 00:33:43,720 WAS GOING TO CHANGE FOUR OF ITS VOTES FOR LINCOLN. 836 00:33:43,722 --> 00:33:48,692 VOTES FOR LINCOLN. >> THE ENTIRE HALL ERUPTS. 837 00:33:48,694 --> 00:33:49,760 >> THE ENTIRE HALL ERUPTS. >> LINCOLN EMERGED AS THE 838 00:33:49,762 --> 00:33:53,864 >> LINCOLN EMERGED AS THE REPUBLICAN NOMINEE. 839 00:33:53,866 --> 00:33:56,233 REPUBLICAN NOMINEE. >> THE CINCINNATI NEWSPAPERS 840 00:33:56,235 --> 00:33:59,569 >> THE CINCINNATI NEWSPAPERS SAID AN ENTIRE TRIBE OF 841 00:33:59,571 --> 00:34:04,975 SAID AN ENTIRE TRIBE OF SHRIEKING COMANCHES AND HOTEL 842 00:34:04,977 --> 00:34:07,411 SHRIEKING COMANCHES AND HOTEL GONGS COULD HAVE BEEN LOST WITH 843 00:34:07,413 --> 00:34:08,078 GONGS COULD HAVE BEEN LOST WITH THE WHOOP THAT WENT UP FOR 844 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:11,048 THE WHOOP THAT WENT UP FOR LINCOLN. 845 00:34:11,050 --> 00:34:12,482 LINCOLN. >> WHERE WAS LINCOLN WAS ALL 846 00:34:12,484 --> 00:34:17,954 >> WHERE WAS LINCOLN WAS ALL THOSE BALLOTS WERE BEING CAST? 847 00:34:17,956 --> 00:34:20,257 THOSE BALLOTS WERE BEING CAST? HE WAS SITTING IN THE OFFICE OF 848 00:34:20,259 --> 00:34:21,525 HE WAS SITTING IN THE OFFICE OF THE REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER IN 849 00:34:21,527 --> 00:34:23,060 THE REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER IN SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, IN HIS 850 00:34:23,062 --> 00:34:23,527 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, IN HIS FAVORITE CHAIR. 851 00:34:23,529 --> 00:34:32,002 FAVORITE CHAIR. WAITING FOR THE TELEGRAM. 852 00:34:32,004 --> 00:34:33,837 WAITING FOR THE TELEGRAM. HE ACCEPTS THE HANDSHAKES OF ALL 853 00:34:33,839 --> 00:34:35,572 HE ACCEPTS THE HANDSHAKES OF ALL OF HIS FRIENDS AND SAYS, THANK 854 00:34:35,574 --> 00:34:36,840 OF HIS FRIENDS AND SAYS, THANK YOU, THANK YOU, GENTLEMEN. 855 00:34:36,842 --> 00:34:38,775 YOU, THANK YOU, GENTLEMEN. BUT I REALLY HAVE TO GO HOME. 856 00:34:38,777 --> 00:34:42,179 BUT I REALLY HAVE TO GO HOME. THERE IS A LITTLE WOMAN WHO IS 857 00:34:42,181 --> 00:34:42,913 THERE IS A LITTLE WOMAN WHO IS GOING TO BE MORE INTERESTED IN 858 00:34:42,915 --> 00:34:43,880 GOING TO BE MORE INTERESTED IN THIS THAN YOU ARE. 859 00:34:43,882 --> 00:34:46,083 THIS THAN YOU ARE. AND HE MAKES HIS WAY HOME TO 860 00:34:46,085 --> 00:34:48,718 AND HE MAKES HIS WAY HOME TO TELL MARY THAT HER DREAM HAS 861 00:34:48,720 --> 00:34:49,419 TELL MARY THAT HER DREAM HAS COME TRUE. 862 00:34:49,421 --> 00:34:51,755 COME TRUE. THROUGH ALL OF THE DEFEATS, 863 00:34:51,757 --> 00:34:53,156 THROUGH ALL OF THE DEFEATS, DISAPPOINTMENTS, SETBACKS, HE 864 00:34:53,158 --> 00:34:54,524 DISAPPOINTMENTS, SETBACKS, HE STILL THROUGH WORDS AND A BIT 865 00:34:54,526 --> 00:34:57,294 STILL THROUGH WORDS AND A BIT THROUG 866 00:35:05,570 --> 00:35:13,743 >>> IN 1860, AFTER A METEORIC RISE FROM OBSCURITY, ABRAHAM 867 00:35:13,745 --> 00:35:15,712 RISE FROM OBSCURITY, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, A SELF-EDUCATED 868 00:35:15,714 --> 00:35:17,114 LINCOLN, A SELF-EDUCATED ONE-TERM CONGRESSMAN WINS THE 869 00:35:17,116 --> 00:35:18,014 ONE-TERM CONGRESSMAN WINS THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION FOR 870 00:35:18,016 --> 00:35:18,415 REPUBLICAN NOMINATION FOR PRESIDENT. 871 00:35:18,417 --> 00:35:20,117 PRESIDENT. >> FOR A LONG TIME, ONCE YOU GET 872 00:35:20,119 --> 00:35:22,219 >> FOR A LONG TIME, ONCE YOU GET THE NOMINATION, YOU GO BACK 873 00:35:22,221 --> 00:35:22,519 THE NOMINATION, YOU GO BACK HOME. 874 00:35:22,521 --> 00:35:24,421 HOME. YOU'RE NOT GOING AROUND SHAKING 875 00:35:24,423 --> 00:35:26,189 YOU'RE NOT GOING AROUND SHAKING HANDS AND KISSING BABIES. 876 00:35:26,191 --> 00:35:28,258 HANDS AND KISSING BABIES. THAT'S A 20-CENTURY INVENTION. 877 00:35:28,260 --> 00:35:30,393 THAT'S A 20-CENTURY INVENTION. IT'S UP TO THE PARTY BOSSES, HOW 878 00:35:30,395 --> 00:35:33,296 IT'S UP TO THE PARTY BOSSES, HOW TO BEST PRESENT THE CANDIDATES. 879 00:35:33,298 --> 00:35:36,633 TO BEST PRESENT THE CANDIDATES. >> LINCOLN IS SITTING AT HOME 880 00:35:36,635 --> 00:35:37,100 >> LINCOLN IS SITTING AT HOME SAYING NOTHING. 881 00:35:37,102 --> 00:35:40,303 SAYING NOTHING. THE GREAT ORATOR IS SILENCED. 882 00:35:40,305 --> 00:35:46,109 THE GREAT ORATOR IS SILENCED. >> BUT IN A LITTLE PARLOR IN 883 00:35:46,111 --> 00:35:48,178 >> BUT IN A LITTLE PARLOR IN SPRINGFIELD, MARY LINCOLN WAS 884 00:35:48,180 --> 00:35:48,879 SPRINGFIELD, MARY LINCOLN WAS FINALLY ABLE TO COME INTO HER 885 00:35:48,881 --> 00:35:53,316 FINALLY ABLE TO COME INTO HER OWN. 886 00:35:53,318 --> 00:35:55,252 OWN. EVEN THOUGH HER HUSBAND CAN'T 887 00:35:55,254 --> 00:35:56,553 EVEN THOUGH HER HUSBAND CAN'T CAMPAIGN, THAT WON'T STOP HER. 888 00:35:56,555 --> 00:35:59,356 CAMPAIGN, THAT WON'T STOP HER. THE PRESS IS INVITED IN TO THEIR 889 00:35:59,358 --> 00:35:59,890 THE PRESS IS INVITED IN TO THEIR HOME. 890 00:35:59,892 --> 00:36:02,359 HOME. SHE ENTERTAINS, SHE DEMANDS THAT 891 00:36:02,361 --> 00:36:05,562 SHE ENTERTAINS, SHE DEMANDS THAT THERE BE LOTS OF BEER ON HAND. 892 00:36:05,564 --> 00:36:06,997 THERE BE LOTS OF BEER ON HAND. SHE WAS VERY COMFORTABLE 893 00:36:06,999 --> 00:36:08,265 SHE WAS VERY COMFORTABLE SPEAKING ABOUT HER HUSBAND. 894 00:36:08,267 --> 00:36:08,932 SPEAKING ABOUT HER HUSBAND. SHE TOOK TO THAT ROLE QUITE 895 00:36:08,934 --> 00:36:12,602 SHE TOOK TO THAT ROLE QUITE WELL. 896 00:36:12,604 --> 00:36:14,504 WELL. >> MARITAL HARMONY RETURNS TO 897 00:36:14,506 --> 00:36:16,773 >> MARITAL HARMONY RETURNS TO THE LINCOLN HOUSEHOLD. 898 00:36:16,775 --> 00:36:20,143 THE LINCOLN HOUSEHOLD. THEIR PARTNERSHIP HAD ALWAYS 899 00:36:20,145 --> 00:36:22,612 THEIR PARTNERSHIP HAD ALWAYS BEEN FOUNDED IN MUTUAL AMBITION, 900 00:36:22,614 --> 00:36:24,915 BEEN FOUNDED IN MUTUAL AMBITION, AND FLOURISHED WHEN THEY WORKED 901 00:36:24,917 --> 00:36:28,852 AND FLOURISHED WHEN THEY WORKED TOWARDS THE SAME GOAL. 902 00:36:28,854 --> 00:36:31,054 TOWARDS THE SAME GOAL. >> THE REPUBLICAN PARTY DOES NOT 903 00:36:31,056 --> 00:36:33,390 >> THE REPUBLICAN PARTY DOES NOT WANT LINCOLN'S ANTI-SLAVERY 904 00:36:33,392 --> 00:36:34,124 WANT LINCOLN'S ANTI-SLAVERY VIEWS TO BE THE MAJOR FOCUS OF 905 00:36:34,126 --> 00:36:38,728 VIEWS TO BE THE MAJOR FOCUS OF THE CAMPAIGN. 906 00:36:38,730 --> 00:36:39,462 THE CAMPAIGN. THEY'RE MUCH HAPPIER FOCUSING ON 907 00:36:39,464 --> 00:36:41,665 THEY'RE MUCH HAPPIER FOCUSING ON HIS PERSONAL STORY. 908 00:36:41,667 --> 00:36:43,200 HIS PERSONAL STORY. >> THEY WANTED STORIES THAT 909 00:36:43,202 --> 00:36:45,502 >> THEY WANTED STORIES THAT SHOWED LINCOLN BEING THIS SORT 910 00:36:45,504 --> 00:36:49,406 SHOWED LINCOLN BEING THIS SORT OF HUMBLE RAIL-SPLITTER, A 911 00:36:49,408 --> 00:36:50,240 OF HUMBLE RAIL-SPLITTER, A COUNTRY BUMPKIN. 912 00:36:50,242 --> 00:36:52,008 COUNTRY BUMPKIN. >> HE WAS A LAWYER AND A 913 00:36:52,010 --> 00:36:53,910 >> HE WAS A LAWYER AND A POLITICIAN, AND HAD BEEN A 914 00:36:53,912 --> 00:36:55,111 POLITICIAN, AND HAD BEEN A RAIL-SPLITTER A VERY LONG TIME 915 00:36:55,113 --> 00:36:55,445 RAIL-SPLITTER A VERY LONG TIME BEFORE. 916 00:36:55,447 --> 00:36:57,881 BEFORE. >> SO THE IMAGES OF HIM AS THE 917 00:36:57,883 --> 00:37:01,685 >> SO THE IMAGES OF HIM AS THE BOY WHO RISES FROM OBSCURITY ARE 918 00:37:01,687 --> 00:37:03,887 BOY WHO RISES FROM OBSCURITY ARE VERY MUCH PART OF HIS APPEAL. 919 00:37:03,889 --> 00:37:06,556 VERY MUCH PART OF HIS APPEAL. >> LINCOLN RECEIVES MAIL FROM 920 00:37:06,558 --> 00:37:07,257 >> LINCOLN RECEIVES MAIL FROM VOTERS AND THOSE WISHING HIM 921 00:37:07,259 --> 00:37:09,926 VOTERS AND THOSE WISHING HIM WELL. 922 00:37:09,928 --> 00:37:13,663 WELL. ONE LETTER FROM GRACE, A YOUNG 923 00:37:13,665 --> 00:37:15,932 ONE LETTER FROM GRACE, A YOUNG GIRL FROM NEW YORK, MAKES A 924 00:37:15,934 --> 00:37:17,300 GIRL FROM NEW YORK, MAKES A PARTICULARLY INTERESTING 925 00:37:17,302 --> 00:37:17,701 PARTICULARLY INTERESTING SUGGESTION. 926 00:37:17,703 --> 00:37:19,502 SUGGESTION. >> I'VE GOT FOUR BROTHERS AND 927 00:37:19,504 --> 00:37:21,438 >> I'VE GOT FOUR BROTHERS AND PART OF THEM WILL VOTE FOR YOU 928 00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:21,771 PART OF THEM WILL VOTE FOR YOU ANYWAY. 929 00:37:21,773 --> 00:37:23,607 ANYWAY. AND IF YOU LET YOUR WHISKERS 930 00:37:23,609 --> 00:37:24,374 AND IF YOU LET YOUR WHISKERS GROW, I WILL TRY TO GET THE REST 931 00:37:24,376 --> 00:37:29,379 GROW, I WILL TRY TO GET THE REST OF THEM TO VOTE FOR YOU. 932 00:37:29,381 --> 00:37:32,582 OF THEM TO VOTE FOR YOU. YOU WOULD LOOK A GREAT DEAL 933 00:37:32,584 --> 00:37:33,883 YOU WOULD LOOK A GREAT DEAL BETTER, FOR YOUR FACE IS THIN. 934 00:37:33,885 --> 00:37:35,986 BETTER, FOR YOUR FACE IS THIN. ALL THE LADIES LIKE WHISKERS, 935 00:37:35,988 --> 00:37:37,087 ALL THE LADIES LIKE WHISKERS, AND THEY WOULD TEASE THEIR 936 00:37:37,089 --> 00:37:37,754 AND THEY WOULD TEASE THEIR HUSBANDS TO VOTE FOR YOU. 937 00:37:37,756 --> 00:37:41,558 HUSBANDS TO VOTE FOR YOU. AND THEN YOU WOULD BE PRESIDENT. 938 00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:43,526 AND THEN YOU WOULD BE PRESIDENT. MY FATHER'S GOING TO VOTE FOR 939 00:37:43,528 --> 00:37:45,161 MY FATHER'S GOING TO VOTE FOR YOU. 940 00:37:45,163 --> 00:37:45,895 YOU. AND IF I WAS A MAN, I WOULD VOTE 941 00:37:45,897 --> 00:37:49,032 AND IF I WAS A MAN, I WOULD VOTE FOR YOU, TOO. 942 00:37:49,034 --> 00:37:54,337 FOR YOU, TOO. >> LINCOLN WRITES BACK TO HER. 943 00:37:54,339 --> 00:37:56,506 >> LINCOLN WRITES BACK TO HER. >> AS TO THE WHISKERS, HAVING 944 00:37:56,508 --> 00:37:58,942 >> AS TO THE WHISKERS, HAVING NEVER WORN ANY, DO YOU NOT THINK 945 00:37:58,944 --> 00:38:01,278 NEVER WORN ANY, DO YOU NOT THINK PEOPLE WOULD CALL IT A PIECE OF 946 00:38:01,280 --> 00:38:03,546 PEOPLE WOULD CALL IT A PIECE OF SILLY AFFECTATION IF I WERE TO 947 00:38:03,548 --> 00:38:04,281 SILLY AFFECTATION IF I WERE TO BEGIN IT NOW? 948 00:38:04,283 --> 00:38:06,149 BEGIN IT NOW? >> BUT AT SOME POINT, HE MUST 949 00:38:06,151 --> 00:38:06,750 >> BUT AT SOME POINT, HE MUST HAVE REFLECTED ON THAT. 950 00:38:06,752 --> 00:38:10,453 HAVE REFLECTED ON THAT. HE DECIDES TO GROW THE BEARD. 951 00:38:10,455 --> 00:38:12,822 HE DECIDES TO GROW THE BEARD. >> BUT AS THE REPUBLICANS 952 00:38:12,824 --> 00:38:15,992 >> BUT AS THE REPUBLICANS CONTINUE TO CURATE LINCOLN'S 953 00:38:15,994 --> 00:38:17,727 CONTINUE TO CURATE LINCOLN'S PUBLIC IMAGE, THE DEMOCRATS 954 00:38:17,729 --> 00:38:18,395 PUBLIC IMAGE, THE DEMOCRATS SCRAMBLE TO ORGANIZE THEIR 955 00:38:18,397 --> 00:38:23,400 SCRAMBLE TO ORGANIZE THEIR CANDIDATES. 956 00:38:23,402 --> 00:38:25,468 CANDIDATES. >> STEVEN DOUGLAS IS THE 957 00:38:25,470 --> 00:38:28,038 >> STEVEN DOUGLAS IS THE OVERWHELMING FAVORITE TO BE THE 958 00:38:28,040 --> 00:38:30,273 OVERWHELMING FAVORITE TO BE THE DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE. 959 00:38:30,275 --> 00:38:32,342 DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE. BUT SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS NEVER 960 00:38:32,344 --> 00:38:35,979 BUT SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS NEVER FORGAVE DOUGLAS FOR TRYING TO 961 00:38:35,981 --> 00:38:38,181 FORGAVE DOUGLAS FOR TRYING TO TEMPORIZE DURING HIS DEBATES 962 00:38:38,183 --> 00:38:38,748 TEMPORIZE DURING HIS DEBATES WITH LINCOLN. 963 00:38:38,750 --> 00:38:41,084 WITH LINCOLN. >> ULTIMATELY, THE DEMOCRATS 964 00:38:41,086 --> 00:38:45,522 >> ULTIMATELY, THE DEMOCRATS FROM THE SOUTH WALK OUT OF THEIR 965 00:38:45,524 --> 00:38:46,523 FROM THE SOUTH WALK OUT OF THEIR OWN CONVENTION. 966 00:38:46,525 --> 00:38:53,330 OWN CONVENTION. THEY RE-ASSEMBLE AND NOMINATE 967 00:38:53,332 --> 00:38:53,930 THEY RE-ASSEMBLE AND NOMINATE JOHN BRECKENRIDGE. 968 00:38:53,932 --> 00:38:56,066 JOHN BRECKENRIDGE. >> NOW YOU HAVE A SOUTHERN 969 00:38:56,068 --> 00:38:58,168 >> NOW YOU HAVE A SOUTHERN CANDIDATE AND A NORTHERN 970 00:38:58,170 --> 00:39:00,537 CANDIDATE AND A NORTHERN CANDIDATE ON THE ELECTORAL 971 00:39:00,539 --> 00:39:00,870 CANDIDATE ON THE ELECTORAL TICKET. 972 00:39:00,872 --> 00:39:02,872 TICKET. AND TO MAKE IT WORSE, YOU HAVE A 973 00:39:02,874 --> 00:39:04,908 AND TO MAKE IT WORSE, YOU HAVE A MIDDLE GROUP WHO CALLS DOWN A 974 00:39:04,910 --> 00:39:06,476 MIDDLE GROUP WHO CALLS DOWN A POX ON BOTH THEIR HOUSES. 975 00:39:06,478 --> 00:39:08,078 POX ON BOTH THEIR HOUSES. CREATES WHAT IS CALLED THE 976 00:39:08,080 --> 00:39:10,580 CREATES WHAT IS CALLED THE CONSTITUTIONAL UNION PARTY, AND 977 00:39:10,582 --> 00:39:13,216 CONSTITUTIONAL UNION PARTY, AND NOMINATES JOHN BELL OF 978 00:39:13,218 --> 00:39:13,817 NOMINATES JOHN BELL OF TENNESSEE. 979 00:39:13,819 --> 00:39:15,785 TENNESSEE. NOW SOUTHERN VOTES ARE SPLIT NOT 980 00:39:15,787 --> 00:39:18,722 NOW SOUTHERN VOTES ARE SPLIT NOT TWO WAYS, BUT THREE WAYS. 981 00:39:18,724 --> 00:39:20,390 TWO WAYS, BUT THREE WAYS. AND IT BECOMES OBVIOUS THAT 982 00:39:20,392 --> 00:39:21,091 AND IT BECOMES OBVIOUS THAT LINCOLN IS GOING TO WIN THIS 983 00:39:21,093 --> 00:39:32,268 LINCOLN IS GOING TO WIN THIS ELECTION. 984 00:39:32,270 --> 00:39:36,039 ELECTION. >> ON NOVEMBER 6th, 1860, A 985 00:39:36,041 --> 00:39:38,074 >> ON NOVEMBER 6th, 1860, A RECORD 81% OF VOTERS TURN OUT 986 00:39:38,076 --> 00:39:40,276 RECORD 81% OF VOTERS TURN OUT FOR WHAT WILL BECOME THE MOST 987 00:39:40,278 --> 00:39:40,910 FOR WHAT WILL BECOME THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PRESIDENTIAL 988 00:39:40,912 --> 00:39:47,317 SIGNIFICANT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 989 00:39:47,319 --> 00:39:49,352 ELECTION IN AMERICAN HISTORY. >> LINCOLN SPENDS MOST OF THE 990 00:39:49,354 --> 00:39:53,123 >> LINCOLN SPENDS MOST OF THE DAY IN THE SPRINGFIELD TELEGRAPH 991 00:39:53,125 --> 00:39:53,456 DAY IN THE SPRINGFIELD TELEGRAPH OFFICE. 992 00:39:53,458 --> 00:39:55,592 OFFICE. EVERY TIME THE KEYS CLATTER, HE 993 00:39:55,594 --> 00:39:56,326 EVERY TIME THE KEYS CLATTER, HE KNOWS THAT RETURNS ARE COMING IN 994 00:39:56,328 --> 00:39:59,195 KNOWS THAT RETURNS ARE COMING IN FROM ANOTHER CITY. 995 00:39:59,197 --> 00:40:06,369 FROM ANOTHER CITY. IT'S TENSE. 996 00:40:06,371 --> 00:40:12,041 IT'S TENSE. BUT IN THE MIDDLE OF ALL THIS, 997 00:40:12,043 --> 00:40:13,543 BUT IN THE MIDDLE OF ALL THIS, LINCOLN GETS UP AND HAS ICE 998 00:40:13,545 --> 00:40:14,911 LINCOLN GETS UP AND HAS ICE CREAM WITH MARY. 999 00:40:14,913 --> 00:40:15,645 CREAM WITH MARY. AND THEN HE GOES BACK TO THE 1000 00:40:15,647 --> 00:40:20,016 AND THEN HE GOES BACK TO THE TELEGRAPH OFFICE. 1001 00:40:20,018 --> 00:40:21,151 TELEGRAPH OFFICE. BY ABOUT MIDNIGHT, HE 1002 00:40:21,153 --> 00:40:21,885 BY ABOUT MIDNIGHT, HE UNDERSTANDS THAT HE WILL WIN THE 1003 00:40:21,887 --> 00:40:27,424 UNDERSTANDS THAT HE WILL WIN THE PRESIDENCY. 1004 00:40:27,426 --> 00:40:29,793 PRESIDENCY. >> AS SUSPECTED, HE WILL WIN IT, 1005 00:40:29,795 --> 00:40:31,394 >> AS SUSPECTED, HE WILL WIN IT, NOT SO MUCH BECAUSE HE WILL WIN 1006 00:40:31,396 --> 00:40:33,263 NOT SO MUCH BECAUSE HE WILL WIN A CLEAR MAJORITY, BUT BECAUSE 1007 00:40:33,265 --> 00:40:34,431 A CLEAR MAJORITY, BUT BECAUSE THE OTHERS WILL FALL SO FAR 1008 00:40:34,433 --> 00:40:40,970 THE OTHERS WILL FALL SO FAR BEHIND HIM IN THEIR DIVISION. 1009 00:40:40,972 --> 00:40:43,373 BEHIND HIM IN THEIR DIVISION. >> WHEN LINCOLN GOT THE NEWS 1010 00:40:43,375 --> 00:40:45,175 >> WHEN LINCOLN GOT THE NEWS THAT HE WOULD BE THE NEXT 1011 00:40:45,177 --> 00:40:45,909 THAT HE WOULD BE THE NEXT PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1012 00:40:45,911 --> 00:40:50,547 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, HE WENT RUSHING HOME. 1013 00:40:50,549 --> 00:40:51,614 HE WENT RUSHING HOME. AND HE SAID, WE ARE ELECTED, 1014 00:40:51,616 --> 00:40:54,884 AND HE SAID, WE ARE ELECTED, MARY. 1015 00:40:54,886 --> 00:40:56,619 MARY. >> THIS IS THEIR TRIUMPH. 1016 00:40:56,621 --> 00:40:58,688 >> THIS IS THEIR TRIUMPH. BUT LINCOLN WINS IN THE MOST 1017 00:40:58,690 --> 00:40:59,422 BUT LINCOLN WINS IN THE MOST SECTIONAL VOTE IN THE HISTORY OF 1018 00:40:59,424 --> 00:41:03,860 SECTIONAL VOTE IN THE HISTORY OF THE PRESIDENCY. 1019 00:41:03,862 --> 00:41:05,895 THE PRESIDENCY. THAT'S A RECIPE FOR DISASTER. 1020 00:41:05,897 --> 00:41:06,629 THAT'S A RECIPE FOR DISASTER. >> LINCOLN ONLY WINS 39% OF THE 1021 00:41:06,631 --> 00:41:10,500 >> LINCOLN ONLY WINS 39% OF THE POPULAR VOTE. 1022 00:41:10,502 --> 00:41:12,469 POPULAR VOTE. >> HE REALIZES THAT THE 1023 00:41:12,471 --> 00:41:14,404 >> HE REALIZES THAT THE POLITICAL TRIUMPH HAS OCCURRED, 1024 00:41:14,406 --> 00:41:17,106 POLITICAL TRIUMPH HAS OCCURRED, BUT THE BURDENS OF WHAT IS 1025 00:41:17,108 --> 00:41:20,009 BUT THE BURDENS OF WHAT IS AWAITING HIM IS SUDDENLY 1026 00:41:20,011 --> 00:41:20,376 AWAITING HIM IS SUDDENLY APPARENT. 1027 00:41:20,378 --> 00:41:21,778 APPARENT. >> IT'S THE WORST SITUATION 1028 00:41:21,780 --> 00:41:24,981 >> IT'S THE WORST SITUATION ANYBODY HAS EVER BEEN HANDED AS 1029 00:41:24,983 --> 00:41:25,348 ANYBODY HAS EVER BEEN HANDED AS PRESIDENT. 1030 00:41:25,350 --> 00:41:26,216 PRESIDENT. LITERALLY, TAG, YOU'RE IT. 1031 00:41:26,218 --> 00:41:28,852 LITERALLY, TAG, YOU'RE IT. THE WHOLE COUNTRY STARTS TO COME 1032 00:41:28,854 --> 00:41:29,185 THE WHOLE COUNTRY STARTS TO COME APART. 1033 00:41:29,187 --> 00:41:32,188 APART. >> AS SOON AS HE'S ELECTED, THE 1034 00:41:32,190 --> 00:41:33,823 >> AS SOON AS HE'S ELECTED, THE SOUTHERN STATES START TO BOLT. 1035 00:41:33,825 --> 00:41:35,725 SOUTHERN STATES START TO BOLT. >> THEY RECOGNIZE THE THREAT OF 1036 00:41:35,727 --> 00:41:36,926 >> THEY RECOGNIZE THE THREAT OF LINCOLN BEING PRESIDENT. 1037 00:41:36,928 --> 00:41:38,862 LINCOLN BEING PRESIDENT. THE THREAT OF THIS NEW PARTY 1038 00:41:38,864 --> 00:41:40,296 THE THREAT OF THIS NEW PARTY UNITED IN OPPOSITION TO THE 1039 00:41:40,298 --> 00:41:41,598 UNITED IN OPPOSITION TO THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY COMING TO 1040 00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:42,866 EXPANSION OF SLAVERY COMING TO POWER IS ENOUGH TO HAVE THE 1041 00:41:42,868 --> 00:41:45,869 POWER IS ENOUGH TO HAVE THE SOUTH SAY, THIS IS WHAT WE'VE 1042 00:41:45,871 --> 00:41:46,436 SOUTH SAY, THIS IS WHAT WE'VE BEEN WARNING AGAINST. 1043 00:41:46,438 --> 00:41:47,871 BEEN WARNING AGAINST. WE WILL SECEDE. 1044 00:41:47,873 --> 00:41:50,940 WE WILL SECEDE. >> LINCOLN'S NEXT MOVES WILL 1045 00:41:50,942 --> 00:41:52,909 >> LINCOLN'S NEXT MOVES WILL DETERMINE WHETHER THE AMERICAN 1046 00:41:52,911 --> 00:41:55,111 DETERMINE WHETHER THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT SURVIVES. 1047 00:41:55,113 --> 00:41:56,246 EXPERIMENT SURVIVES. WILL HE BE REMEMBERED AS THE 1048 00:41:56,248 --> 00:41:56,980 WILL HE BE REMEMBERED AS THE GREATEST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 1049 00:41:56,982 --> 00:41:58,882 GREATEST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, OR THE LAST?