1 00:00:07,925 --> 00:00:09,969 -[meows] -[triumphant chords] 2 00:00:13,556 --> 00:00:14,932 [chirping] 3 00:00:15,016 --> 00:00:17,685 ♪ How, what, where, why? What, where, why? ♪ 4 00:00:17,769 --> 00:00:20,480 ♪ How, what, where, why? What, where, why? ♪ 5 00:00:20,563 --> 00:00:22,899 ♪ Ada Twist, scientist ♪ 6 00:00:22,982 --> 00:00:25,943 ♪ She's gonna find out What the answer is ♪ 7 00:00:26,027 --> 00:00:28,696 ♪ Under here, over there ♪ 8 00:00:28,780 --> 00:00:31,157 ♪ Science is everywhere you look ♪ 9 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:33,993 ♪ With Iggy Peck, architect ♪ 10 00:00:34,077 --> 00:00:36,579 ♪ And Rosie Revere, engineer ♪ 11 00:00:36,662 --> 00:00:39,207 ♪ So much to do and you can help too! ♪ 12 00:00:39,290 --> 00:00:41,918 ♪ A mystery, a riddle, a puzzle Or a quest ♪ 13 00:00:42,001 --> 00:00:45,171 ♪ There are wonders to discover And hypotheses to test ♪ 14 00:00:45,254 --> 00:00:46,714 ♪ Science is the best! ♪ 15 00:00:46,798 --> 00:00:49,050 ♪ Ada Twist, scientist ♪ 16 00:00:49,133 --> 00:00:51,969 ♪ She's gotta find out What the answer is ♪ 17 00:00:52,053 --> 00:00:56,265 ♪ Everywhere science is She's forming a hypothesis ♪ 18 00:00:56,349 --> 00:01:00,228 ♪ Connecting polka dots 'Cause this is Scientist Ada Twist! ♪ 19 00:01:02,396 --> 00:01:03,815 [Ada speaking] 20 00:01:04,607 --> 00:01:06,901 [upbeat music playing] 21 00:01:06,984 --> 00:01:09,612 [alarm rings] 22 00:01:10,196 --> 00:01:11,531 [purrs, meows] 23 00:01:15,868 --> 00:01:17,829 Morning! Time to get up. 24 00:01:17,912 --> 00:01:20,456 What would I do without my little alarm clock? 25 00:01:20,540 --> 00:01:23,459 -You'd be late. -[laughs] Oh, Ada, you're right. 26 00:01:23,543 --> 00:01:26,170 I would be late. I don't know how you do it. 27 00:01:26,254 --> 00:01:28,089 Oh! Good question. 28 00:01:28,172 --> 00:01:31,509 Why do I wake up at the same time every day? 29 00:01:31,592 --> 00:01:36,097 How can I come up with an experiment to assess how good my internal clock is? 30 00:01:36,180 --> 00:01:39,267 Do I get some coffee in me before I tackle all these questions? 31 00:01:39,350 --> 00:01:40,810 [laughs] Yep. 32 00:01:43,729 --> 00:01:45,189 [Ada hums] 33 00:01:45,273 --> 00:01:49,110 -[yawns] What's for breakfast? -Mom's making pancakes. 34 00:01:50,027 --> 00:01:52,780 -With a little help. -Just pull the string 35 00:01:52,864 --> 00:01:56,576 and that starts a chain reaction that ends up in delicious yumminess! 36 00:01:57,577 --> 00:02:00,580 [bouncy music playing] 37 00:02:04,792 --> 00:02:05,877 [Mom] Oh! 38 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:07,920 -Arthur! Breakfast! -[Arthur groans] 39 00:02:08,004 --> 00:02:08,921 Hi, little man. 40 00:02:09,005 --> 00:02:10,840 -[sighs] -[chuckles] Rough morning? 41 00:02:10,923 --> 00:02:13,426 Someone woke up on the wrong side of the bed. 42 00:02:13,509 --> 00:02:15,845 Hmm. If a bed has two sides, 43 00:02:15,928 --> 00:02:20,141 shouldn't there be a 50-50 chance of waking up on the right side? 44 00:02:20,224 --> 00:02:24,312 So how is it possible that you always wake up on the wrong side? 45 00:02:24,395 --> 00:02:25,479 Thanks, Dad. 46 00:02:25,563 --> 00:02:27,732 It's too early for questions! 47 00:02:27,815 --> 00:02:31,485 Mom, I'm going out to my fort to practice my magic tricks. 48 00:02:31,569 --> 00:02:33,446 It's a play-date of one. 49 00:02:33,529 --> 00:02:35,323 When Iggy and Rosie come over, 50 00:02:35,406 --> 00:02:38,534 we'll be experimenting with ways to make goo gooier. 51 00:02:38,618 --> 00:02:41,662 -Nice! Let me know how it goes. -Boring! 52 00:02:41,746 --> 00:02:44,415 I'm a scientist. Scientists never get bored! 53 00:02:44,498 --> 00:02:46,417 Loading the lab. 54 00:02:46,500 --> 00:02:49,211 [thrilling music plays] 55 00:02:57,678 --> 00:02:58,971 -Hey, Ada. -Hiya, Ada. 56 00:02:59,055 --> 00:03:00,556 Hi, Iggy. Hi, Rosie. 57 00:03:00,640 --> 00:03:02,058 How's the goo coming? 58 00:03:02,141 --> 00:03:04,644 Good. I've been doing some experiments. 59 00:03:04,727 --> 00:03:06,896 [upbeat music plays] 60 00:03:06,979 --> 00:03:07,980 [screeches] 61 00:03:08,064 --> 00:03:09,315 [crashing] 62 00:03:15,154 --> 00:03:16,155 Oh! [laughs] 63 00:03:18,574 --> 00:03:19,408 [boing] 64 00:03:22,245 --> 00:03:23,829 -[squelching] -Ah! [laughs] 65 00:03:24,997 --> 00:03:28,251 Turns out a little baking soda makes it less sticky. 66 00:03:28,334 --> 00:03:30,461 Saw your brother outside. Cool fort. 67 00:03:31,504 --> 00:03:36,717 Lemme guess! Iggy Peck, architect, you wanna go see it? 68 00:03:36,801 --> 00:03:38,886 Oh, I so do! Yes, please! 69 00:03:38,970 --> 00:03:43,265 I… eh, uh, I mean, I just like to see how things are built. 70 00:03:43,349 --> 00:03:45,810 -[laughter] -Come on, let's check it out. 71 00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:48,604 -So cool! -[Rosie] Amazing! 72 00:03:48,688 --> 00:03:52,483 Look at the broom-handle support. And pillow foundation? 73 00:03:52,566 --> 00:03:55,111 And the details with the bucket turrets! 74 00:03:55,194 --> 00:03:57,446 This fort is fierce. 75 00:03:57,530 --> 00:03:59,991 -I know. -Hey, Arthur. Can I come-- 76 00:04:00,074 --> 00:04:04,620 Nope. This is a solo fort. That means it's a fort for one. 77 00:04:04,704 --> 00:04:08,207 I don't know. I'd guesstimate that this fort could fit 78 00:04:08,291 --> 00:04:10,543 two adults and four kids. 79 00:04:11,293 --> 00:04:14,297 Or six kids and one adult. 80 00:04:14,380 --> 00:04:19,802 Or six kids and two adults if everyone got really friendly. 81 00:04:21,262 --> 00:04:25,099 I'm gonna say it could fit something like 3,000 goldfish. 82 00:04:25,182 --> 00:04:26,475 With or without water? 83 00:04:26,559 --> 00:04:27,852 [water rushing] 84 00:04:27,935 --> 00:04:28,769 Hmm, without. 85 00:04:28,853 --> 00:04:30,313 [water splashing] 86 00:04:30,396 --> 00:04:31,314 Water leaks. 87 00:04:32,356 --> 00:04:34,233 You don't really know a fort 88 00:04:34,317 --> 00:04:36,652 until you know how many aliens it can hold. 89 00:04:36,736 --> 00:04:39,071 Depends on what size aliens, 90 00:04:39,155 --> 00:04:41,574 -and if they can float. -[gasps] 91 00:04:42,158 --> 00:04:44,952 Solo as in me! 92 00:04:45,036 --> 00:04:50,416 No goldfish. No aliens. No one asking questions. Just me! 93 00:04:50,499 --> 00:04:53,002 -[sighs] -A fort lock? Nice. 94 00:04:53,085 --> 00:04:56,797 You're just kids, but trust me, when you get a little older, 95 00:04:56,881 --> 00:04:59,592 sometimes you'll just need a little me time. 96 00:04:59,675 --> 00:05:03,346 That's cool. I just-- I'd love to see how you designed it. 97 00:05:03,429 --> 00:05:06,474 -What if we make you a deal? -I'm listening. 98 00:05:06,557 --> 00:05:11,020 Okay, if we can open the lock without touching it, 99 00:05:11,103 --> 00:05:12,438 from behind this line, 100 00:05:13,564 --> 00:05:14,690 you let us in. 101 00:05:14,774 --> 00:05:15,858 Hmm. 102 00:05:17,234 --> 00:05:19,570 No touching? Back here? 103 00:05:19,653 --> 00:05:22,490 I'll make that deal. 'Cause that's impossible. 104 00:05:24,784 --> 00:05:29,914 -[door slams, locks] -[sighs] He's right. It is impossible. 105 00:05:29,997 --> 00:05:33,084 Ada wouldn't have suggested it if it was impossible. 106 00:05:33,167 --> 00:05:34,126 Go ahead, Ada. 107 00:05:34,210 --> 00:05:38,547 Tell Iggy how we're gonna open the lock from behind the line. 108 00:05:38,631 --> 00:05:40,841 -Oh! I have no idea. -What? 109 00:05:40,925 --> 00:05:43,094 I have no idea right now. 110 00:05:43,177 --> 00:05:47,973 Scientists look at stuff that seems impossible and unknowable all the time. 111 00:05:48,057 --> 00:05:51,560 If it's impossible and unknowable, why even try? 112 00:05:51,644 --> 00:05:55,231 'Cause it only seems that way. We just need to break it down. 113 00:05:55,314 --> 00:05:59,151 By asking a lot of small questions, we can answer a big question. 114 00:05:59,235 --> 00:06:01,570 Break it down and ask around! 115 00:06:01,654 --> 00:06:03,948 Right. Like, how do we get in there? 116 00:06:04,031 --> 00:06:05,991 Oh! You know what we need? 117 00:06:06,075 --> 00:06:07,159 A today do-over? 118 00:06:07,243 --> 00:06:08,536 A unicorn? 119 00:06:08,619 --> 00:06:09,995 A brainstorm. 120 00:06:10,079 --> 00:06:12,248 Oh! I love a brainstorm. 121 00:06:12,331 --> 00:06:15,000 ♪ Brainstorm, brainstorm ♪ 122 00:06:15,084 --> 00:06:17,711 ♪ Throw in every thought you've had No idea is ever bad ♪ 123 00:06:17,795 --> 00:06:20,005 ♪ Brainstorm, brainstorm ♪ 124 00:06:20,589 --> 00:06:23,426 ♪ Gather your friends Try to find the how, the what, the why ♪ 125 00:06:23,509 --> 00:06:26,303 ♪ Brainstorm, brainstorm ♪ 126 00:06:26,387 --> 00:06:30,975 ♪ Let our imaginations Become great new creations ♪ 127 00:06:31,058 --> 00:06:34,687 ♪ When we brainstorm, brainstorm Brainstorm, brainstorm ♪ 128 00:06:34,770 --> 00:06:35,771 ♪ Hey ♪ 129 00:06:35,855 --> 00:06:39,191 -You start. -What if we melt the lock? 130 00:06:39,275 --> 00:06:40,526 [splashing] 131 00:06:40,609 --> 00:06:43,779 But we might end up melting the whole fort. 132 00:06:43,863 --> 00:06:45,197 And my brother. 133 00:06:45,281 --> 00:06:48,117 Or we could put the whole fort on rollers, 134 00:06:48,200 --> 00:06:52,329 and hook it to a flock of seagulls, who'd roll it right over to us. 135 00:06:52,413 --> 00:06:58,419 Oh! But the fort might be too heavy for the seagulls, even if it's on wheels. 136 00:06:58,502 --> 00:07:03,549 Or I could build a lock-picking robot! But that might take a week or two. 137 00:07:04,300 --> 00:07:06,093 I won't be out here for a week or two! 138 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:09,722 I wish I could knock that lock right off! [grunts] 139 00:07:10,723 --> 00:07:13,434 [gasps] You moved the dirt without touching it. 140 00:07:14,101 --> 00:07:16,979 That's it! We need a chain reaction. 141 00:07:17,062 --> 00:07:21,066 Right! You only touch the first domino, but they all fall. 142 00:07:21,150 --> 00:07:24,862 Yep. The energy in the first domino transfers to the second one, 143 00:07:24,945 --> 00:07:26,947 and then the third and the fourth. 144 00:07:27,031 --> 00:07:30,409 I can design something that would take the energy we use to start 145 00:07:30,493 --> 00:07:33,162 and transfer it across the yard to the lock. 146 00:07:33,245 --> 00:07:34,288 -Cool! -I love it! 147 00:07:34,371 --> 00:07:36,540 [curious music playing] 148 00:07:39,293 --> 00:07:41,879 Okay. It's ready. 149 00:07:42,796 --> 00:07:45,799 -[gasps] That looks amazing. -[Rosie] Nice! 150 00:07:45,883 --> 00:07:49,845 On paper it does. I just-- I really wish I was a better builder. 151 00:07:49,929 --> 00:07:51,847 That's what you have me for. 152 00:07:51,931 --> 00:07:55,309 You design it and I'll build it. I can build anything. 153 00:07:55,392 --> 00:07:57,478 First, we need a supply run. 154 00:07:58,854 --> 00:08:00,522 [upbeat music plays] 155 00:08:04,693 --> 00:08:06,195 Dad, can I borrow-- 156 00:08:06,278 --> 00:08:07,947 -Sure, hon. Thanks! 157 00:08:08,030 --> 00:08:09,114 [laughs] 158 00:08:10,241 --> 00:08:12,701 -[meows, growls] -Thank you, Mooshu! 159 00:08:12,785 --> 00:08:13,619 [meows] 160 00:08:14,245 --> 00:08:17,539 -How's it going out there? -Good. Yeah, totally good. 161 00:08:17,623 --> 00:08:21,835 Uh-huh. I'm just gonna go stretch out in my solo fort! 162 00:08:24,296 --> 00:08:26,674 [bouncy music playing] 163 00:08:27,841 --> 00:08:29,093 Screwdriver. 164 00:08:31,178 --> 00:08:32,346 Hammer. 165 00:08:33,264 --> 00:08:34,223 Wrench. 166 00:08:35,724 --> 00:08:37,268 And we're done! 167 00:08:37,351 --> 00:08:38,978 -Wow! -Amazing! 168 00:08:39,061 --> 00:08:42,481 So the energy we start with here ends up over there! 169 00:08:42,564 --> 00:08:44,149 Exactly. It's physics. 170 00:08:44,233 --> 00:08:46,986 Okay, okay, okay, let's do this thing! 171 00:08:47,569 --> 00:08:50,281 [all] Three, two, one! 172 00:08:50,364 --> 00:08:52,241 Energy blast off! 173 00:08:52,324 --> 00:08:53,826 [springing] 174 00:08:53,909 --> 00:08:55,369 [music builds] 175 00:08:58,747 --> 00:09:00,082 -[squeaks] -[gasps] 176 00:09:00,165 --> 00:09:01,875 -[music cuts] -[all gasp] 177 00:09:01,959 --> 00:09:03,669 -What happened? -[Arthur scoffs] 178 00:09:03,752 --> 00:09:05,170 The energy, it stopped! 179 00:09:05,254 --> 00:09:07,047 -But why? -I don't know. 180 00:09:07,131 --> 00:09:09,383 Well, that's it then. We're done. 181 00:09:09,466 --> 00:09:12,553 What? No! We just have to try something new. 182 00:09:12,636 --> 00:09:13,470 Like what? 183 00:09:13,554 --> 00:09:16,056 Maybe the mouse needs to be slipperier. 184 00:09:19,476 --> 00:09:20,436 Let's try again. 185 00:09:20,519 --> 00:09:21,353 [music builds] 186 00:09:21,437 --> 00:09:23,230 -[springing] -[meows] 187 00:09:27,693 --> 00:09:30,070 -[slide whistle] -[all gasp] Yay! 188 00:09:30,154 --> 00:09:31,196 [whooshing] 189 00:09:31,280 --> 00:09:32,239 [gasps] 190 00:09:32,906 --> 00:09:34,283 -[squeaks] -[meows] 191 00:09:34,366 --> 00:09:36,827 -What? -Did not see that coming. 192 00:09:36,910 --> 00:09:40,247 No, no, no! Mooshu! Come back! [sighs] 193 00:09:40,831 --> 00:09:42,750 That's it. We failed. 194 00:09:42,833 --> 00:09:46,629 Well, my Great Aunt Rose says, "The only way to fail is to quit." 195 00:09:46,712 --> 00:09:48,547 We don't quit, we've got grit! 196 00:09:49,423 --> 00:09:51,675 Okay, you're right. We don't quit. 197 00:09:51,759 --> 00:09:54,011 So, let's try something else. 198 00:09:54,094 --> 00:09:57,014 Something less mouse-y. 199 00:09:57,598 --> 00:10:00,434 The mouse is gone, so we don't need the mousetrap. 200 00:10:00,517 --> 00:10:01,935 Yeah, I see it. 201 00:10:03,896 --> 00:10:05,522 [springing] 202 00:10:07,941 --> 00:10:09,610 I replaced the whole section! 203 00:10:09,693 --> 00:10:11,528 -[squeaking] -You did it! 204 00:10:12,529 --> 00:10:14,073 -[springing] -[gasps] 205 00:10:16,325 --> 00:10:19,536 -[all gasp] -It's gonna make it! It's gonna make it! 206 00:10:19,620 --> 00:10:20,913 [meows] 207 00:10:22,665 --> 00:10:24,249 -Yeah! -Yay! 208 00:10:24,333 --> 00:10:27,169 -It worked! -Yeah, I always knew it would. 209 00:10:27,252 --> 00:10:29,630 That was awesome! Like magic. 210 00:10:29,713 --> 00:10:31,548 Or like science. 211 00:10:31,632 --> 00:10:35,511 Hey, maybe we can create a chain reaction 212 00:10:35,594 --> 00:10:38,931 that will let me unlock the door from upstairs. 213 00:10:39,014 --> 00:10:42,267 Oh, yeah. We can totally do that. 214 00:10:42,351 --> 00:10:45,854 Cool. That way when you guys come over, I can let you in. 215 00:10:45,938 --> 00:10:47,398 -Amazing! -So cool! 216 00:10:47,481 --> 00:10:51,527 Arthur, I brought this super-sticky goo as a fort-warming present. 217 00:10:51,610 --> 00:10:53,529 Sweet! Make yourself at home. 218 00:10:53,612 --> 00:10:54,530 Thanks, Arthur. 219 00:10:54,613 --> 00:10:56,365 -Got any questions? -Yeah. 220 00:10:56,448 --> 00:10:59,952 If this fort was filled with owls and they all flew at once, 221 00:11:00,035 --> 00:11:01,662 would it make the fort fly? 222 00:11:01,745 --> 00:11:04,164 -I don't know. -If this was a space fort, 223 00:11:04,248 --> 00:11:06,583 -how much would we weigh? -A space fort? 224 00:11:06,667 --> 00:11:09,211 -[Mom] Kids, it's time for lunch. -[straining] 225 00:11:09,294 --> 00:11:10,671 Coming! [sighs] 226 00:11:10,754 --> 00:11:14,383 -And, do you have a unicorn barn out back? -[all laugh] 227 00:11:18,721 --> 00:11:21,098 Hmm, I have an idea. 228 00:11:21,181 --> 00:11:23,392 Let's meet another scientist. 229 00:11:23,475 --> 00:11:24,309 Come on! 230 00:11:30,274 --> 00:11:32,776 [gentle music playing] 231 00:11:36,822 --> 00:11:40,742 Hi, my name is Keji Sojobi and I'm an aerospace engineer, 232 00:11:40,826 --> 00:11:43,162 which means I get to design spacecraft. 233 00:11:43,787 --> 00:11:47,624 I'm gonna talk about the chain reactions on the James Webb Space Telescope, 234 00:11:47,708 --> 00:11:49,918 -which I got to work on. -[Ada] Cool! 235 00:11:50,002 --> 00:11:53,130 [Keji] When it gets out to where it's going to be orbiting in space, 236 00:11:53,213 --> 00:11:56,383 the telescope will take pictures of planets, stars, galaxies, 237 00:11:56,467 --> 00:11:59,970 and the pictures will help us learn more about our universe. 238 00:12:00,053 --> 00:12:04,600 Hundreds of chain reactions have to happen for all of it to go smoothly. 239 00:12:04,683 --> 00:12:07,478 A chain reaction is a series of events 240 00:12:07,561 --> 00:12:10,814 that happen because something else happened before them. 241 00:12:10,898 --> 00:12:12,107 [Ada] Oh! 242 00:12:12,191 --> 00:12:14,735 I'm gonna use these models that I made to show you. 243 00:12:14,818 --> 00:12:18,155 When the James Webb Space Telescope is on Earth, it'll be folded up, 244 00:12:18,238 --> 00:12:19,656 looking something like this. 245 00:12:19,740 --> 00:12:23,327 We had to be able to get from a folded-up position 246 00:12:23,410 --> 00:12:26,330 to a very open position in space. 247 00:12:26,413 --> 00:12:30,000 So after the rocket launches, the telescope will separate 248 00:12:30,083 --> 00:12:33,128 and start to make its way to its final destination. 249 00:12:33,212 --> 00:12:37,549 At that point, the chain reactions start that will trigger the opening 250 00:12:37,633 --> 00:12:38,967 of this sun shield. 251 00:12:39,802 --> 00:12:44,807 And on and on and on, little triggers fully open up the sun shield. 252 00:12:44,890 --> 00:12:48,644 And then the telescope will fully unfold. 253 00:12:48,727 --> 00:12:52,773 Our chain reactions are complete and the telescope can do its job. 254 00:12:52,856 --> 00:12:53,857 [Ada] Yay! 255 00:12:53,941 --> 00:12:55,442 [gentle music playing] 256 00:12:57,486 --> 00:13:01,824 Chain reactions can happen really fast, but can also last a long time. 257 00:13:01,907 --> 00:13:04,827 The chain reaction of James Webb opening up 258 00:13:04,910 --> 00:13:06,662 is gonna be about 30 days. 259 00:13:06,745 --> 00:13:07,704 Fun fact. 260 00:13:07,788 --> 00:13:10,833 There are lots of human-made spacecraft you can see from Earth 261 00:13:10,916 --> 00:13:12,876 when you look up at the night sky. 262 00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:16,463 If you see something that looks like a star, but it's moving pretty fast, 263 00:13:16,547 --> 00:13:18,215 it's probably one of our satellites. 264 00:13:21,718 --> 00:13:24,555 Wasn't that cool? Science is the best! 265 00:13:28,016 --> 00:13:29,852 [Ada speaking] 266 00:13:29,935 --> 00:13:31,562 [birds chirping] 267 00:13:32,396 --> 00:13:36,650 Is it me or does it always take longer to fill a pool on a hot day? 268 00:13:36,733 --> 00:13:38,235 Oh, good question! 269 00:13:38,318 --> 00:13:41,697 And, does that mean a pool would fill up faster on a cool day? 270 00:13:41,780 --> 00:13:45,492 Or if it were in the shade? Or if we filled it with lemonade? 271 00:13:45,576 --> 00:13:46,660 [chirps, gasps] 272 00:13:46,743 --> 00:13:48,871 Why do you sound like a bird? 273 00:13:48,954 --> 00:13:51,790 Hey, that wasn't me. Birds freak me out a little. 274 00:13:51,874 --> 00:13:54,376 Even when they look happy. Like these ones do. 275 00:13:54,459 --> 00:13:56,795 -[chirping] -Hmm. 276 00:13:56,879 --> 00:14:01,383 That doesn't sound like happiness to me. More like the opposite. 277 00:14:01,466 --> 00:14:03,176 Great observation, Rosie. 278 00:14:03,260 --> 00:14:05,762 Looks like these birds aren't happy at all. 279 00:14:05,846 --> 00:14:07,556 They seem angry! 280 00:14:07,639 --> 00:14:10,309 [chirping, squawking] 281 00:14:10,392 --> 00:14:15,772 Angry birds? Whoa! Mind blown. [mimics explosion] 282 00:14:15,856 --> 00:14:18,233 That's way freakier than happy birds. 283 00:14:18,317 --> 00:14:19,901 Why would birds be angry? 284 00:14:19,985 --> 00:14:21,653 Excellent question. 285 00:14:21,737 --> 00:14:24,364 And I know someone who can help us answer it. 286 00:14:24,448 --> 00:14:26,116 -Mom! -[gasps] 287 00:14:26,199 --> 00:14:28,493 No need to holler. I'm right here. 288 00:14:28,577 --> 00:14:32,623 Sorry. Did you know our backyard is filled with angry birds? 289 00:14:32,706 --> 00:14:36,001 Huh. I don't think I've ever seen this many bickering birdies. 290 00:14:36,084 --> 00:14:40,505 There must be one, two… twelve angry birds here! 291 00:14:40,589 --> 00:14:43,342 We're trying to figure out what's making them so mad. 292 00:14:43,425 --> 00:14:47,304 Hmm. Here's a clue. Their water feeder is empty. 293 00:14:47,387 --> 00:14:48,513 Ah-ha! 294 00:14:48,597 --> 00:14:52,225 They must be angry because they don't have any water to drink. 295 00:14:52,309 --> 00:14:55,395 -So they're thirsty! -Guess that answers our question 296 00:14:55,479 --> 00:14:59,024 about why they're angry, but that doesn't answer the question 297 00:14:59,107 --> 00:15:03,153 of why there wasn't water in the feeder! You always keep it full, Mom. 298 00:15:03,236 --> 00:15:07,699 I do. But yesterday, I had to run an errand, so I asked your bro-- 299 00:15:08,241 --> 00:15:09,242 Arthur! 300 00:15:09,326 --> 00:15:12,454 Yes, Mom? 76, 77, 78, 79… 301 00:15:14,373 --> 00:15:17,834 -What'd I do? -It's what you didn't do. The bird feeder? 302 00:15:17,918 --> 00:15:19,878 Weren't you supposed to fill it last night? 303 00:15:19,962 --> 00:15:21,421 I did! I promise! 304 00:15:21,505 --> 00:15:22,422 [cat meows] 305 00:15:23,757 --> 00:15:29,554 Mooshu Kitty! Someone has a bad habit of drinking water from the birdie feeder. 306 00:15:29,638 --> 00:15:32,891 That's probably what happened. Sorry, boo. My mistake. 307 00:15:32,974 --> 00:15:34,226 Mooshu! 308 00:15:34,309 --> 00:15:37,938 As for you, you know what I said would happen 309 00:15:38,021 --> 00:15:40,524 if you drank from the feeder one more time. 310 00:15:40,607 --> 00:15:43,318 -[ringing] -Ooh, that's the call I'm expecting. 311 00:15:43,402 --> 00:15:45,153 What would happen? 312 00:15:45,654 --> 00:15:49,074 Oh, no! I think Mom's gonna give Mooshu away. 313 00:15:49,157 --> 00:15:51,410 She already warned her about the bird feeder. 314 00:15:51,493 --> 00:15:54,496 Plus, she wasn't a cat person before Dad got her. 315 00:15:54,997 --> 00:15:56,832 -[meows] -Mooshu! 316 00:15:56,915 --> 00:16:00,419 Mom! Mom! Mooshu's innocent. She has to be. 317 00:16:00,502 --> 00:16:03,088 We'll find a way to prove it and clear her name. 318 00:16:03,171 --> 00:16:06,174 [laughs] What? You mean like in a trial? 319 00:16:06,258 --> 00:16:10,846 Yep. Just like in a real courtroom. You can be the judge, Mrs. Twist. 320 00:16:10,929 --> 00:16:15,475 Meet us in the living room, I mean courtroom, in 30 minutes. 321 00:16:15,559 --> 00:16:19,062 -[laughs] Okay, okay. -Don't do anything to Mooshu 'til then! 322 00:16:19,146 --> 00:16:22,065 -Do anything? What am I gonna do? -[meows] 323 00:16:23,942 --> 00:16:26,027 [Ada] Hmm. 324 00:16:26,111 --> 00:16:28,822 We're going to need the scientific method for this. 325 00:16:28,905 --> 00:16:31,366 ♪ Scientific method ♪ 326 00:16:31,450 --> 00:16:32,743 ♪ We have an observation ♪ 327 00:16:32,826 --> 00:16:35,579 ♪ So we'll start with a question ♪ 328 00:16:35,662 --> 00:16:36,580 ♪ Do research ♪ 329 00:16:36,663 --> 00:16:40,125 ♪ Form a hypothesis And test with experiments ♪ 330 00:16:40,208 --> 00:16:42,586 ♪ What do we find out? ♪ 331 00:16:42,669 --> 00:16:44,629 ♪ Let's draw a conclusion ♪ 332 00:16:45,338 --> 00:16:49,676 ♪ Write it all down And pass around the results ♪ 333 00:16:49,760 --> 00:16:52,054 ♪ That's the scientific method ♪ 334 00:16:52,721 --> 00:16:56,641 Okay, so we have our question. "What happened to the birds' water?" 335 00:16:56,725 --> 00:16:59,186 -Unicorns drank it! -[neighing] 336 00:16:59,269 --> 00:17:00,812 Maybe a unicorn, 337 00:17:00,896 --> 00:17:04,024 thirsty from chasing rainbows, drank the water. 338 00:17:04,107 --> 00:17:08,528 But I'm disproving my own theory. Unicorns like sparkling water. 339 00:17:08,612 --> 00:17:10,906 I think I've got it. Ants! 340 00:17:10,989 --> 00:17:13,950 Maybe a gazillion of them built a tiny aqueduct. 341 00:17:14,034 --> 00:17:19,081 Yes! Now remind me how an aqua duck is different from a regular duck? 342 00:17:19,164 --> 00:17:24,336 Aqueduct, not duck. It's a bridge or canal that moves water. 343 00:17:24,419 --> 00:17:28,673 It'd be the itty-bittiest architectural feat of all time! 344 00:17:28,757 --> 00:17:33,970 Hmm. Okay, so our hypothesis is if Mooshu didn't drink the birdie water, 345 00:17:34,054 --> 00:17:35,889 then someone else must have. 346 00:17:35,972 --> 00:17:38,558 Hmm, I still say ants. 347 00:17:38,642 --> 00:17:41,228 So, like, what do we do now? 348 00:17:41,311 --> 00:17:44,147 We test our hypothesis by looking for evidence. 349 00:17:44,231 --> 00:17:48,735 That's what scientists call facts that prove or disprove their hypotheses. 350 00:17:48,819 --> 00:17:50,445 [upbeat music playing] 351 00:17:54,533 --> 00:17:55,951 -[squeaking] -[clicks] 352 00:17:59,871 --> 00:18:01,456 Loading the lab! 353 00:18:01,540 --> 00:18:04,376 [thrilling music plays] 354 00:18:08,964 --> 00:18:13,218 Here's our first piece of evidence. A paw print from the scene of the crime. 355 00:18:13,301 --> 00:18:16,847 Exactly the size of Mooshu's. [sighs] 356 00:18:16,930 --> 00:18:19,766 Are you sure there aren't any ant prints there? 357 00:18:19,850 --> 00:18:21,726 Nope. Just cat prints. 358 00:18:21,810 --> 00:18:26,106 Okay, so maybe Mooshu was there, but let's see what else we've got. 359 00:18:26,189 --> 00:18:28,692 -Here's Mooshu's water bowl. -[meows] 360 00:18:28,775 --> 00:18:31,319 Empty. Which means she was probably thirsty. 361 00:18:31,403 --> 00:18:34,447 Which would explain why she'd want the water. 362 00:18:34,531 --> 00:18:35,782 [meows] 363 00:18:35,866 --> 00:18:38,368 Boy, this is not looking good for Mooshu. 364 00:18:38,451 --> 00:18:42,247 We still have this fur we found. Let's look under the microscope. 365 00:18:43,415 --> 00:18:47,085 [gasps] It looks just like the fur from Mooshu's paw. 366 00:18:47,752 --> 00:18:49,462 Wait a minute. 367 00:18:50,130 --> 00:18:52,299 -It is Mooshu's paw! -[meows] 368 00:18:52,382 --> 00:18:53,884 [all laugh] 369 00:18:53,967 --> 00:18:58,555 Guys, looks like the evidence is all pointing to one conclusion. 370 00:18:58,638 --> 00:19:00,932 Mooshu's in cahoots with the ants! 371 00:19:01,016 --> 00:19:04,102 No. Mooshu drank the birdie water. 372 00:19:04,186 --> 00:19:05,353 [all sigh] 373 00:19:05,437 --> 00:19:07,522 -Come on. -[groans] 374 00:19:08,523 --> 00:19:11,276 Stay strong, Mooshu. 375 00:19:11,359 --> 00:19:13,820 We'll send love notes to wherever Mrs. Twist sends you. 376 00:19:13,904 --> 00:19:16,114 But we're not giving up on you. 377 00:19:17,199 --> 00:19:20,744 Eighty, eighty-one, eighty-two. Mom's ready! Eighty-three! 378 00:19:20,827 --> 00:19:23,788 What are we gonna do? If we don't prove Mooshu's innocent, 379 00:19:23,872 --> 00:19:25,540 your mom's going to give her away. 380 00:19:25,624 --> 00:19:28,251 -Come here, Mooshu. Good girl! -[meows] 381 00:19:28,335 --> 00:19:29,669 [gasps] I've got it! 382 00:19:29,753 --> 00:19:32,172 If we can't prove that Mooshu's innocent, 383 00:19:32,255 --> 00:19:35,842 maybe we can at least prove that she can behave. 384 00:19:35,926 --> 00:19:38,136 -Yes! -Great plan! 385 00:19:38,220 --> 00:19:41,848 Ninety-eight, ninety-nine, one hundred! Yes! 386 00:19:41,932 --> 00:19:43,808 [gasps] All rise! 387 00:19:45,060 --> 00:19:47,729 Honorable Judge Mom now presiding. 388 00:19:47,812 --> 00:19:51,066 Honorable? Oh! A mom could get used to this. 389 00:19:51,149 --> 00:19:56,029 We'll now hear arguments in the case of Mooshu v. the Disappearing Birdie Water. 390 00:19:56,112 --> 00:19:56,947 [meows] 391 00:19:57,030 --> 00:20:00,450 Your Honor, we call Mooshu Kitty to the stand! 392 00:20:00,533 --> 00:20:02,494 Your witness is a cat? 393 00:20:02,577 --> 00:20:06,122 This is highly unusual, A-- I mean, counselor. 394 00:20:06,206 --> 00:20:08,541 -We promise it's important. -Okay. 395 00:20:08,625 --> 00:20:11,920 Arthur, I mean, bailiff, let's put Mooshu on the stand. 396 00:20:12,003 --> 00:20:14,547 And by stand, I mean cat bed. 397 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:21,638 Mooshu, isn't it true that even though you've never been professionally trained, 398 00:20:21,721 --> 00:20:23,431 you can be very well-behaved? 399 00:20:23,515 --> 00:20:24,474 [meows] 400 00:20:24,557 --> 00:20:26,059 [curious music plays] 401 00:20:27,310 --> 00:20:30,897 [laughs] Back to the stand! 402 00:20:30,981 --> 00:20:34,985 And since you're such a well-behaved kitty, 403 00:20:35,068 --> 00:20:37,821 will you promise to never drink from the bird feeder? 404 00:20:37,904 --> 00:20:41,074 -[meows] -Counselor, can you control your client? 405 00:20:41,157 --> 00:20:43,702 I'm beginning to doubt she can behave at all. 406 00:20:43,785 --> 00:20:46,454 This is going horribly! 407 00:20:46,538 --> 00:20:49,499 Mooshu is being the opposite of well-behaved. 408 00:20:49,582 --> 00:20:51,710 No, she's just… 409 00:20:51,793 --> 00:20:53,044 [Mooshu meows] 410 00:20:53,128 --> 00:20:56,006 -Trying to cool off! -Of course. It's hot today. 411 00:20:56,089 --> 00:21:00,135 Yes. Hot. Very hot. And dry! 412 00:21:00,218 --> 00:21:02,178 Mooshu may not be able to behave, 413 00:21:02,262 --> 00:21:05,432 but maybe we can prove that something else happened to the water. 414 00:21:06,349 --> 00:21:08,518 -[whispering] -[gasps] 415 00:21:08,601 --> 00:21:10,603 Your Honor, may we have a recess? 416 00:21:10,687 --> 00:21:12,939 You want to stop the trial to play? 417 00:21:13,023 --> 00:21:14,649 No. I mean we need a break 418 00:21:14,733 --> 00:21:17,569 so we can go collect one last piece of evidence. 419 00:21:17,652 --> 00:21:19,904 Go ahead, Ada. I mean, counselor. 420 00:21:19,988 --> 00:21:21,114 Be right back! 421 00:21:21,656 --> 00:21:22,824 [Mom sighs, laughs] 422 00:21:23,408 --> 00:21:27,996 -[Ada] Quick, read the thermometer. -Uh, temperature, 90 degrees. 423 00:21:29,164 --> 00:21:30,957 And the air is dry. 424 00:21:31,041 --> 00:21:32,751 I think we've got our evidence. 425 00:21:34,252 --> 00:21:36,588 Your Honor, we have new evidence. 426 00:21:36,671 --> 00:21:40,342 Yes, it may be true Mooshu Kitty was at the scene of the crime, 427 00:21:40,425 --> 00:21:43,011 and, yes, she was thirsty, 428 00:21:43,094 --> 00:21:47,349 and, yes, she might not be the most well-behaved cat ever… 429 00:21:47,432 --> 00:21:49,642 -[meows] -…but maybe Mooshu 430 00:21:49,726 --> 00:21:53,938 didn't drink the birdie water, because it disappeared! 431 00:21:54,022 --> 00:21:54,898 [all gasp 432 00:21:54,981 --> 00:21:59,361 Order! Order in the court. Could you explain yourself, counselor? 433 00:21:59,444 --> 00:22:01,780 I propose that the water disappeared 434 00:22:01,863 --> 00:22:05,158 in a scientific process called "evaporation." 435 00:22:05,241 --> 00:22:07,911 -[all gasp] -Evaporation! 436 00:22:07,994 --> 00:22:12,082 -Wait, what's evaporation again? -That's when water turns into gas. 437 00:22:13,374 --> 00:22:17,670 Then that gas mixes with the air, making the water seem to disappear. 438 00:22:17,754 --> 00:22:21,049 This process can happen fast on a hot, dry day, 439 00:22:21,132 --> 00:22:23,802 and when there's only a teeny bit of water. 440 00:22:24,469 --> 00:22:26,679 Which brings me to our final witness. 441 00:22:27,222 --> 00:22:28,098 Arthur! 442 00:22:28,723 --> 00:22:29,557 Me? 443 00:22:31,559 --> 00:22:34,062 Now Arthur, wouldn't you say you were busy 444 00:22:34,145 --> 00:22:37,440 trying to paddle your ball 100 times in a row yesterday? 445 00:22:37,524 --> 00:22:38,566 Well, sure. 446 00:22:38,650 --> 00:22:42,320 So, it must have been really important to fill the feeder fast. 447 00:22:42,403 --> 00:22:45,573 Fast? Well, I guess, but-- 448 00:22:45,657 --> 00:22:47,367 The fastest way to fill the feeder 449 00:22:47,450 --> 00:22:51,830 would be to only put a teeny-weenie bit of water in it, wouldn't you say? 450 00:22:55,208 --> 00:22:57,377 -Yeah! -[both gasp] 451 00:22:57,460 --> 00:22:58,586 [muffled laugh] 452 00:22:58,670 --> 00:23:01,589 I only put a teeny bit of water in the feeder! 453 00:23:01,673 --> 00:23:03,842 This proves our hypothesis. 454 00:23:03,925 --> 00:23:06,428 Something else could have happened to the birdie water. 455 00:23:06,511 --> 00:23:10,223 Mooshu Kitty could be innocent. I rest my case! 456 00:23:10,306 --> 00:23:11,641 -Yeah! -Yes! 457 00:23:11,724 --> 00:23:14,102 Now you won't have to give Mooshu away! 458 00:23:14,185 --> 00:23:16,062 Give Mooshu away? What? 459 00:23:16,146 --> 00:23:18,481 You told Mooshu that she knew what would happen 460 00:23:18,565 --> 00:23:20,692 if she drank from the bird feeder again. 461 00:23:20,775 --> 00:23:24,904 Yes, I'd give her a second bowl of water. Outside! 462 00:23:24,988 --> 00:23:26,531 Oh, whoopsies. 463 00:23:26,614 --> 00:23:28,950 [laughter] 464 00:23:29,909 --> 00:23:32,245 No evaporation is gonna get this water! 465 00:23:32,328 --> 00:23:35,999 I think these birds are 12 happy birds now. 466 00:23:36,082 --> 00:23:38,418 -[Ada] And one happy kitty. -[meows] 467 00:23:38,501 --> 00:23:41,838 [laughter] 468 00:23:42,672 --> 00:23:44,132 [upbeat music plays] 469 00:23:44,215 --> 00:23:46,301 Hmm. I have an idea! 470 00:23:46,384 --> 00:23:48,636 Let's meet another scientist. 471 00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:49,596 Come on! 472 00:23:53,641 --> 00:23:56,269 [woman] Oh boy. It's really hot out here. 473 00:23:56,352 --> 00:23:59,314 Does anybody know where I can find some water? 474 00:24:00,023 --> 00:24:03,818 Hi, my name is Naomi Fraga and I'm a desert botanist, 475 00:24:03,902 --> 00:24:07,447 and today we're gonna talk about evaporation in plants. 476 00:24:07,530 --> 00:24:09,991 -Let's check out some plants. -[Ada] Let's go! 477 00:24:10,074 --> 00:24:14,370 We're here in the Mojave Desert where it gets well over 100 degrees, 478 00:24:14,454 --> 00:24:16,831 and it also doesn't rain very much. 479 00:24:16,915 --> 00:24:22,712 These are actually two plants that live in the same exact kind of environment, 480 00:24:22,795 --> 00:24:26,382 but they have different strategies to hold on to their water. 481 00:24:26,466 --> 00:24:29,135 -[Ada] Whoa! -This is the creosote bush. 482 00:24:29,219 --> 00:24:31,679 See, the leaves here are very small. 483 00:24:31,763 --> 00:24:35,975 That means there's fewer pores on the leaf to lose water from. 484 00:24:36,059 --> 00:24:39,520 Just like we have pores in our skin where we really sweat, 485 00:24:39,604 --> 00:24:43,066 plants have pores on their leaves where water escapes, 486 00:24:43,149 --> 00:24:47,111 and when that water escapes, it evaporates into the air. 487 00:24:47,695 --> 00:24:50,615 Then we have its very good friend, the burro bush. 488 00:24:50,698 --> 00:24:51,616 -Hello! -Hello! 489 00:24:51,699 --> 00:24:55,119 You might think it was dead, but it's taking a nap. 490 00:24:55,203 --> 00:24:59,958 What we call a dormant phase. It's lost its leaves for the summertime. 491 00:25:00,041 --> 00:25:03,336 Once it sees rain again, it'll make new leaves. 492 00:25:03,419 --> 00:25:07,382 So these plants have all these really cool adaptations 493 00:25:07,465 --> 00:25:10,134 for dealing with dry conditions. 494 00:25:10,218 --> 00:25:11,844 -[Ada] Fun fact! -Fun fact! 495 00:25:11,928 --> 00:25:14,847 Did you know that when your houseplant is wilting, 496 00:25:14,931 --> 00:25:17,976 it's because too much water evaporated from the leaves? 497 00:25:18,059 --> 00:25:19,978 So if you see your plant wilting, 498 00:25:20,061 --> 00:25:22,605 give it a helping hand and give it more water. 499 00:25:22,689 --> 00:25:24,691 Yay! Woo-hoo! 500 00:25:26,276 --> 00:25:27,110 [sighs] 501 00:25:27,777 --> 00:25:30,863 Wasn't that cool? Science is the best! 502 00:25:33,241 --> 00:25:36,452 [closing theme music playing]