1 00:00:05,290 --> 00:00:08,130 [drums beat] 2 00:00:08,150 --> 00:00:10,260 - Spring 1937. 3 00:00:10,279 --> 00:00:14,019 Albert Windsor, known as Bertie, 4 00:00:14,039 --> 00:00:17,099 is woken by the sound of a military band, 5 00:00:17,120 --> 00:00:21,120 practicing for his coronation. 6 00:00:22,219 --> 00:00:25,279 He is about to be crowned King George VI, 7 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:28,150 a role he never wanted. 8 00:00:28,170 --> 00:00:31,090 [dramatic music] 9 00:00:32,210 --> 00:00:35,190 His elder brother chose to give up the throne 10 00:00:35,210 --> 00:00:39,210 to marry a twice-divorced American. 11 00:00:39,229 --> 00:00:41,139 - I have found it impossible 12 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:44,099 to discharge my duties as king, 13 00:00:44,119 --> 00:00:48,219 without the help of the woman I love. 14 00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:52,110 - Can King George, the shy man with a stutter, 15 00:00:52,130 --> 00:00:54,250 mend a broken monarchy? 16 00:00:56,020 --> 00:00:59,150 His brother, Edward, has not gone quietly into exile. 17 00:00:59,170 --> 00:01:01,150 [soldiers chanting] 18 00:01:01,170 --> 00:01:05,170 And a looming war threatens global chaos. 19 00:01:25,129 --> 00:01:27,039 - The glory of a British coronation. 20 00:01:27,060 --> 00:01:29,220 Nowhere in the world is there anything half so wonderful. 21 00:01:29,239 --> 00:01:31,109 It'll be one of the dates in English history 22 00:01:31,129 --> 00:01:34,209 that the school children will learn about. 23 00:01:34,229 --> 00:01:37,209 - Immediately before the coronation, 24 00:01:37,229 --> 00:01:41,099 it must've been momentous for George. 25 00:01:42,289 --> 00:01:47,009 This was a huge ceremony that had been prepared 26 00:01:47,030 --> 00:01:49,270 for his older brother, but it was he 27 00:01:49,289 --> 00:01:53,079 who was taking it all on. 28 00:01:53,099 --> 00:01:56,069 - George's coronation occurred on the same day 29 00:01:56,090 --> 00:01:59,040 that it would've occurred for his brother, Edward. 30 00:01:59,060 --> 00:02:02,260 Nothing was changed, except the person doing it. 31 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:05,260 Here's somebody with a complete sense of inadequacy. 32 00:02:05,280 --> 00:02:09,260 He'd always been the moon to his brother's sun. 33 00:02:14,270 --> 00:02:16,280 - Before he was king, 34 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:20,180 George was living a relatively normal, free, 35 00:02:20,199 --> 00:02:24,149 under the radar life. Happily married. 36 00:02:24,170 --> 00:02:28,200 And, as a younger member of the royal family, 37 00:02:28,219 --> 00:02:31,159 he does a few public duties, 38 00:02:31,180 --> 00:02:36,130 and is contented with that life. 39 00:02:36,150 --> 00:02:38,190 - He was always known as Bertie in the family, 40 00:02:38,210 --> 00:02:40,070 but when he becomes king, 41 00:02:40,090 --> 00:02:42,240 his whole life is completely changed. 42 00:02:42,259 --> 00:02:45,249 He is intensely aware that he has been, sort of, 43 00:02:45,270 --> 00:02:49,020 tasked with this incredibly difficult job. 44 00:02:49,039 --> 00:02:50,279 So one of the first things he does 45 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:53,070 is change his name to George, 46 00:02:53,090 --> 00:02:55,260 stressing the continuity between his reign 47 00:02:55,280 --> 00:02:58,270 and that of his father, George V. 48 00:03:01,110 --> 00:03:04,000 - The new King George VI is extremely worried 49 00:03:04,020 --> 00:03:05,220 on taking over the throne, 50 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:08,100 because the abdication looms large. 51 00:03:10,090 --> 00:03:12,210 His brother, Edward, was the most popular man 52 00:03:12,229 --> 00:03:14,049 in the English-speaking world, 53 00:03:14,069 --> 00:03:18,279 and now George has got to stand up to the plate. 54 00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:23,050 - George is a believer in the principle of monarchy. 55 00:03:23,069 --> 00:03:26,009 He feels that the British monarchy is really important 56 00:03:26,030 --> 00:03:28,040 to Britain's national identity, 57 00:03:28,060 --> 00:03:30,230 and it holds the nation together. 58 00:03:30,250 --> 00:03:32,260 - Edward's abdication 59 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:35,220 suggests that kingship isn't quite as stable 60 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:37,090 as it has always appeared, 61 00:03:37,110 --> 00:03:40,050 that it can be given up easily. 62 00:03:40,069 --> 00:03:42,019 - So George's challenge is basically 63 00:03:42,039 --> 00:03:45,209 to restore the monarchy to something like the stability 64 00:03:45,229 --> 00:03:50,149 that it had before his brother sat on the throne. 65 00:03:50,170 --> 00:03:53,000 - So it's absolutely crucial for George 66 00:03:53,020 --> 00:03:55,130 that the coronation is a success, 67 00:03:55,150 --> 00:03:59,280 and that he is launched successfully as a monarch. 68 00:04:01,199 --> 00:04:04,149 - But insecurities plague the new king. 69 00:04:07,020 --> 00:04:09,130 - One of George's biggest worries is he suffers 70 00:04:09,150 --> 00:04:11,030 from a stutter. 71 00:04:11,050 --> 00:04:13,280 For him, talking in public is torture. 72 00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:18,020 - In the modern news reel age, 73 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:20,250 the British public expects both to see 74 00:04:20,269 --> 00:04:24,079 and hear their monarch. 75 00:04:24,100 --> 00:04:28,070 - Now, the British monarchy is under a lot of scrutiny. 76 00:04:28,089 --> 00:04:30,029 So, the monarch has to be comfortable 77 00:04:30,050 --> 00:04:32,100 in the role of communicator. 78 00:04:33,269 --> 00:04:37,089 - I think he felt the pressure of what was expected of him. 79 00:04:37,110 --> 00:04:39,240 His brother was fluent at making speeches, 80 00:04:39,259 --> 00:04:42,239 which made him feel inadequate. 81 00:04:44,110 --> 00:04:47,020 - Ladies and Gentlemen, 82 00:04:50,029 --> 00:04:52,209 I'm sure... 83 00:04:52,230 --> 00:04:55,030 that we are all... 84 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:01,140 happy to feel... 85 00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:04,120 - The stutter sometimes prevents him 86 00:05:04,139 --> 00:05:06,069 from talking at all. 87 00:05:06,089 --> 00:05:10,069 - That the generosity of his majesty... 88 00:05:15,129 --> 00:05:17,999 has set an example to all. 89 00:05:18,019 --> 00:05:20,259 - A decade earlier, in 1925, 90 00:05:20,279 --> 00:05:24,039 George's wife, Elizabeth, had sought the help 91 00:05:24,060 --> 00:05:27,090 of various specialists to try and cure his stutter. 92 00:05:27,110 --> 00:05:30,020 They tried all sorts of methods but none worked. 93 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:32,120 Essentially, he was told he had a mental defect. 94 00:05:34,110 --> 00:05:36,250 - Elizabeth is his greatest supporter and champion, 95 00:05:36,269 --> 00:05:38,229 and she seeks out help, 96 00:05:38,250 --> 00:05:42,070 and identifies Lionel Logue as a therapist, 97 00:05:42,090 --> 00:05:45,160 who can help him overcome that difficult stammer. 98 00:05:45,180 --> 00:05:50,080 - My grandfather realizes that confidence is key. 99 00:05:50,100 --> 00:05:52,080 - They went through speeches together, 100 00:05:52,100 --> 00:05:56,200 replacing certain words until he felt confident. 101 00:05:56,220 --> 00:05:58,240 And in the run-up to the coronation, 102 00:05:58,259 --> 00:06:00,109 my grandfather, Lionel Logue, 103 00:06:00,129 --> 00:06:02,069 makes frequent trips to Buckingham Palace 104 00:06:02,089 --> 00:06:06,079 to help the king prepare for reciting the oath. 105 00:06:06,100 --> 00:06:08,060 - King George and Queen Elizabeth 106 00:06:08,079 --> 00:06:12,009 are beginning their triumphal progress, in the state coach. 107 00:06:12,029 --> 00:06:15,219 - This is the most stressful, terrifying event of his life. 108 00:06:15,240 --> 00:06:17,160 There's no going back now. 109 00:06:18,279 --> 00:06:21,209 [horn fanfare] 110 00:06:22,290 --> 00:06:27,040 - And the historic coronation ceremony is begun. 111 00:06:27,060 --> 00:06:28,240 - The abbey is absolutely full, 112 00:06:28,259 --> 00:06:30,219 including his two daughters, 113 00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:33,030 Princess Elizabeth, who is 11, 114 00:06:33,050 --> 00:06:36,290 and Princess Margaret, who is six. 115 00:06:37,009 --> 00:06:39,179 George and his family were very close. 116 00:06:39,199 --> 00:06:42,139 It was one of the great assets that George had 117 00:06:42,159 --> 00:06:45,179 that Edward did not have. 118 00:06:45,199 --> 00:06:48,229 - The former king, George's brother, Edward, 119 00:06:48,250 --> 00:06:50,070 is in exile in France... 120 00:06:50,090 --> 00:06:52,270 - The King moves from his chair, towards... 121 00:06:52,290 --> 00:06:56,000 - Listening to the ceremony over the radio. 122 00:06:57,170 --> 00:07:01,010 - Edward, who is now called the Duke of Windsor, 123 00:07:01,029 --> 00:07:02,159 is sitting with Wallis. 124 00:07:02,180 --> 00:07:06,180 He's actually knitting her a sweater. 125 00:07:06,199 --> 00:07:11,009 Edward absolutely hates pomp and pageantry. 126 00:07:12,100 --> 00:07:17,070 If Edward had gone through that same ceremony, 127 00:07:17,089 --> 00:07:20,009 inside his head, he would be thinking, 128 00:07:20,029 --> 00:07:22,029 "This is a bunch of balls." 129 00:07:22,050 --> 00:07:23,130 [horn fanfare] 130 00:07:23,149 --> 00:07:26,219 In comparison, George realizes 131 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:30,160 the significance of the coronation. 132 00:07:30,180 --> 00:07:32,070 - The coronation ceremony 133 00:07:32,090 --> 00:07:34,020 is a code of time-honored ritual, 134 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:35,290 handed down through the ages. 135 00:07:37,050 --> 00:07:39,270 - For George, the coronation is a massive issue. 136 00:07:39,290 --> 00:07:42,110 He wasn't an actual performer, unlike his brother. 137 00:07:42,129 --> 00:07:46,159 And the prospect of the whole world listening to his words-- 138 00:07:46,180 --> 00:07:48,010 you know--he's really anxious 139 00:07:48,029 --> 00:07:50,099 that he will stammer over the oath, 140 00:07:50,120 --> 00:07:53,070 and that this will make the monarchy look ridiculous. 141 00:07:53,090 --> 00:07:55,090 - The coronation oath. 142 00:07:56,220 --> 00:08:00,060 - I, George VI, 143 00:08:01,230 --> 00:08:05,260 do solemnly and sincerely in the presence of God, 144 00:08:07,060 --> 00:08:09,170 declare... 145 00:08:09,189 --> 00:08:11,229 that I will uphold 146 00:08:11,250 --> 00:08:15,280 and maintain the said powers, 147 00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:18,150 according to law. 148 00:08:19,250 --> 00:08:24,000 - In practice, the King manages the coronation day, 149 00:08:24,019 --> 00:08:27,179 and the oath and all the ceremonial perfectly well. 150 00:08:27,199 --> 00:08:30,109 He did, in fact, rise to the occasion. 151 00:08:30,129 --> 00:08:32,279 [crowd chanting] God save the King. 152 00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:35,160 God save the King. 153 00:08:35,179 --> 00:08:39,079 [cheering] 154 00:08:39,100 --> 00:08:41,210 [triumphant music] 155 00:08:41,230 --> 00:08:44,290 - The coronation is a public triumph, 156 00:08:45,009 --> 00:08:49,069 but George has got big fights ahead, 157 00:08:49,090 --> 00:08:51,020 and that is to show the world 158 00:08:51,039 --> 00:08:54,189 he is the rightful king, not his brother. 159 00:09:01,289 --> 00:09:03,209 - The newly appointed Duke of Windsor 160 00:09:03,230 --> 00:09:05,040 and Mrs. Wallis Simpson 161 00:09:05,059 --> 00:09:07,039 were married in a simple ceremony, 162 00:09:07,059 --> 00:09:08,239 in a lavish, French château. 163 00:09:08,259 --> 00:09:11,259 [somber music] 164 00:09:11,279 --> 00:09:14,239 - A month after the coronation of King George, 165 00:09:14,259 --> 00:09:18,049 Edward and Wallis are finally married, 166 00:09:18,070 --> 00:09:23,040 and this is a rather sad occasion in many ways. 167 00:09:23,059 --> 00:09:25,069 - My grandfather, Fruity Metcalfe, 168 00:09:25,090 --> 00:09:28,150 was asked to be the best man at the wedding, 169 00:09:28,169 --> 00:09:32,129 because none of the Duke's brothers were willing to do it. 170 00:09:34,080 --> 00:09:37,160 - Edward's marriage does not have the King's blessing. 171 00:09:37,179 --> 00:09:42,089 No one from the royal family attends. 172 00:09:42,110 --> 00:09:45,210 - Edward never realized just what a distance 173 00:09:45,230 --> 00:09:48,070 the abdication would put him 174 00:09:48,090 --> 00:09:52,210 from the King, from all his old friends, from his country. 175 00:09:53,289 --> 00:09:56,099 - Newsreel films are made, 176 00:09:56,120 --> 00:09:58,060 but they're not shown in Britain. 177 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:00,260 The newsreel filmmakers did not release them, 178 00:10:00,279 --> 00:10:03,269 as it would direct too much attention on Edward. 179 00:10:03,289 --> 00:10:07,079 But Queen Elizabeth wants to draw the public attention 180 00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:10,160 back towards her and the King. 181 00:10:13,019 --> 00:10:15,279 - Queen Elizabeth was rather scared that the monarchy 182 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:17,270 was not necessarily secure. 183 00:10:17,289 --> 00:10:19,119 That perhaps there might be 184 00:10:19,139 --> 00:10:21,269 an element of the British public 185 00:10:21,289 --> 00:10:24,019 that saw Wallis and Edward 186 00:10:24,039 --> 00:10:28,269 as the charming couple, and that they could be rivals 187 00:10:28,289 --> 00:10:31,169 in the British public's affections. 188 00:10:34,129 --> 00:10:38,099 - So the new Queen Elizabeth is determined to put herself 189 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:40,220 and her family center stage. 190 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:42,230 [crowd cheering] 191 00:10:42,250 --> 00:10:46,030 - Queen Elizabeth is the brains of the outfit, really. 192 00:10:46,049 --> 00:10:47,099 She's shrewd, 193 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:49,180 and she understands the creation of an image. 194 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:52,020 [camera shutters clicking] 195 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:56,210 - She takes part in this incredible photo shoot 196 00:10:56,230 --> 00:11:00,260 in 1939, with Cecil Beaton on camera. 197 00:11:00,279 --> 00:11:03,109 - Cecil Beaton at the time was not your traditional 198 00:11:03,129 --> 00:11:04,239 royal photographer. 199 00:11:04,259 --> 00:11:08,289 He was a very successful fashion photographer. 200 00:11:09,009 --> 00:11:12,249 - Queen Elizabeth was wearing these amazing white dresses, 201 00:11:12,269 --> 00:11:15,219 and these huge, sort of, crinoline skirts. 202 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:19,040 Her look is completely the opposite 203 00:11:19,059 --> 00:11:20,099 of Wallis's look, you know. 204 00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:23,240 Wallis is sharp, angular, tailored. 205 00:11:23,259 --> 00:11:26,109 - Elizabeth dislikes Wallis. 206 00:11:26,129 --> 00:11:29,149 She blames Wallis for undermining 207 00:11:29,169 --> 00:11:32,049 and almost fatally 208 00:11:32,070 --> 00:11:34,140 destroying the British monarchy. 209 00:11:34,159 --> 00:11:35,229 [camera shutter clicks] 210 00:11:35,250 --> 00:11:38,050 - And so Queen Elizabeth's look is modeled 211 00:11:38,070 --> 00:11:40,000 on a 19th-century portrait 212 00:11:40,019 --> 00:11:43,059 of Queen Victoria, who, at that time, 213 00:11:43,080 --> 00:11:45,170 was Britain's longest serving monarch. 214 00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:49,290 So, she is aligning herself with world tradition and duty. 215 00:11:50,009 --> 00:11:53,009 And every photograph is a success. 216 00:11:55,169 --> 00:11:58,059 - The monarchy was still reeling from a crisis 217 00:11:58,080 --> 00:12:00,260 and the image that Cecil Beaton projected 218 00:12:00,279 --> 00:12:02,289 was of a sort of glamorous queen 219 00:12:03,009 --> 00:12:06,229 who brought some of that glamour into the royal family. 220 00:12:06,250 --> 00:12:08,100 - She was a strong character. 221 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:10,150 You know, she appeared to be jokey 222 00:12:10,169 --> 00:12:12,019 and a light-hearted person, 223 00:12:12,039 --> 00:12:15,059 but she had a sort of rod of steel in there, actually. 224 00:12:19,210 --> 00:12:21,160 - Queen Elizabeth projects this public image 225 00:12:21,179 --> 00:12:25,009 which is warm, comforting, lovely, 226 00:12:25,029 --> 00:12:27,059 George VI was shy. 227 00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:28,210 He didn't like public attention. 228 00:12:28,230 --> 00:12:30,060 Not like her. 229 00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:33,080 And at the same time, she is intent on projecting 230 00:12:33,100 --> 00:12:36,220 a public image of the ideal family group. 231 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:39,210 As opposed to Edward and Wallis Simpson, 232 00:12:39,230 --> 00:12:41,110 who are childless. 233 00:12:45,129 --> 00:12:47,199 - In private, Queen Elizabeth 234 00:12:47,220 --> 00:12:50,070 is preparing her eldest daughter, 235 00:12:50,090 --> 00:12:51,250 also named Elizabeth, 236 00:12:51,269 --> 00:12:54,019 for her future role. 237 00:12:55,029 --> 00:12:59,019 Overnight, the abdication made the ten-year-old princess 238 00:12:59,039 --> 00:13:01,259 heir to the British throne. 239 00:13:01,279 --> 00:13:05,259 - Her mother sees the royal job as a practical job. 240 00:13:05,279 --> 00:13:08,159 She teaches Elizabeth how to converse with dignitaries, 241 00:13:08,179 --> 00:13:10,259 and conduct royal duties. 242 00:13:12,100 --> 00:13:15,190 - Princess Elizabeth was quite a shy child, 243 00:13:15,210 --> 00:13:17,270 like her father, 244 00:13:17,289 --> 00:13:22,289 and she followed her mother's example very much. 245 00:13:23,009 --> 00:13:26,029 [triumphant music] 246 00:13:27,149 --> 00:13:29,289 - England launches an historic campaign, 247 00:13:30,009 --> 00:13:32,249 to increase and solidify friendship in North America. 248 00:13:32,269 --> 00:13:34,219 [violin music] 249 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:38,240 - In 1939, the Second World War's on the horizon, 250 00:13:38,259 --> 00:13:41,139 and George VI and his wife, Elizabeth, 251 00:13:41,159 --> 00:13:43,109 embarked for America 252 00:13:43,129 --> 00:13:45,069 to meet President Roosevelt 253 00:13:45,090 --> 00:13:46,230 because Britain was going to need 254 00:13:46,250 --> 00:13:50,000 all the allies it could get. 255 00:13:50,019 --> 00:13:52,279 - The American alliance had been crucial 256 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:55,070 to Britain's success in the First World War, 257 00:13:55,090 --> 00:13:57,210 so the sort of diplomatic purpose 258 00:13:57,230 --> 00:14:00,040 of the visit is to make a bond 259 00:14:00,059 --> 00:14:03,249 with President Roosevelt and his wife. 260 00:14:03,269 --> 00:14:07,159 - The King's brother had visited the United States 261 00:14:07,179 --> 00:14:11,059 some ten years earlier and had become beloved 262 00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:12,290 by the people of the United States. 263 00:14:13,009 --> 00:14:16,149 George did not have that confidence. 264 00:14:17,139 --> 00:14:19,199 - So a lot is riding on this visit. 265 00:14:19,220 --> 00:14:22,130 This really is George's moment to prove 266 00:14:22,149 --> 00:14:25,999 not just to America and to Britain, 267 00:14:26,019 --> 00:14:27,259 but also to himself, 268 00:14:27,279 --> 00:14:33,059 that he can be every bit as wonderful as Edward. 269 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:35,020 - The President and Mrs. Roosevelt 270 00:14:35,039 --> 00:14:39,199 found the King and Queen warm and, if anything, 271 00:14:39,220 --> 00:14:43,030 regular people almost immediately. 272 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:47,250 - Elizabeth is central to the success of this tour. 273 00:14:47,269 --> 00:14:49,999 She makes people feel comfortable, 274 00:14:50,019 --> 00:14:52,259 and everyone falls in love with her. 275 00:14:52,279 --> 00:14:55,079 - These have been tremendously strenuous days 276 00:14:55,100 --> 00:14:56,230 for the King and Queen. 277 00:14:56,250 --> 00:14:58,150 But there's a short rest from their public engagements 278 00:14:58,169 --> 00:15:00,129 when they get to stay at Hyde Park, 279 00:15:00,149 --> 00:15:03,089 the country home of President Roosevelt's mother. 280 00:15:03,110 --> 00:15:06,120 - On the King and Queen's last day, 281 00:15:06,139 --> 00:15:09,189 they have a picnic luncheon with the Roosevelts 282 00:15:09,210 --> 00:15:12,170 that features hot dogs, 283 00:15:12,190 --> 00:15:17,090 this symbolic food of the common man. 284 00:15:17,110 --> 00:15:19,250 - The President's mother said, 285 00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:21,119 "You cannot offer 286 00:15:21,139 --> 00:15:23,999 the King and Queen of England a hot dog." 287 00:15:24,019 --> 00:15:26,019 The President said, "Yes, that's exactly 288 00:15:26,039 --> 00:15:27,209 what we're gonna do." 289 00:15:27,230 --> 00:15:29,240 The King asked for a second one, 290 00:15:29,259 --> 00:15:32,209 so they clearly enjoyed them. 291 00:15:32,230 --> 00:15:35,160 [indistinct chatter] 292 00:15:35,179 --> 00:15:37,059 - The royal visit to America 293 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:39,250 is a resounding success for the King. 294 00:15:39,269 --> 00:15:42,099 [serious music] 295 00:15:42,120 --> 00:15:45,290 But there's danger, and the danger lies 296 00:15:46,009 --> 00:15:48,199 within George's own family. 297 00:15:57,240 --> 00:16:01,160 - It's 1937, and Edward and Wallis 298 00:16:01,179 --> 00:16:03,059 are now in France. 299 00:16:03,080 --> 00:16:05,220 Edward is a king who's lost his throne 300 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:07,240 and his purpose in life. 301 00:16:07,259 --> 00:16:09,219 He's bored. 302 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:12,230 - He's constantly ringing up King George 303 00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:15,060 with advice. [phone rings] 304 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:19,260 And treating him still as the younger brother. 305 00:16:19,279 --> 00:16:23,099 He hasn't yet adjusted to the fact that he is not the King. 306 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:28,090 - Edward is used to having a sense of entitlement. 307 00:16:28,110 --> 00:16:31,150 Now George holds all the power. 308 00:16:31,169 --> 00:16:33,259 - George VI complains and says, "Most people 309 00:16:33,279 --> 00:16:35,289 "become king when their predecessor has died, 310 00:16:36,009 --> 00:16:38,049 "and my predecessor is alive and well 311 00:16:38,070 --> 00:16:40,020 in France and causing trouble." 312 00:16:40,039 --> 00:16:41,139 [phone rings] 313 00:16:41,159 --> 00:16:43,249 - George expects, at any time, 314 00:16:43,269 --> 00:16:47,079 to be stabbed in the back by his brother. 315 00:16:47,100 --> 00:16:48,280 [dramatic string music] 316 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:51,240 - And after a bit, George stops answering the phone 317 00:16:51,259 --> 00:16:53,139 because these telephone conversations 318 00:16:53,159 --> 00:16:55,239 get too difficult. 319 00:16:55,259 --> 00:16:58,279 - Tension between the brothers deepens 320 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,020 when King George denies Edward 321 00:17:01,039 --> 00:17:05,009 the one thing he desires most for his wife. 322 00:17:05,029 --> 00:17:08,149 - When Edward and Wallis married, George VI wrote 323 00:17:08,170 --> 00:17:12,010 to Edward informing him that he will not be giving 324 00:17:12,029 --> 00:17:16,079 Wallis the title, Her Royal Highness, HRH. 325 00:17:17,130 --> 00:17:19,090 - Her Royal Highness-- 326 00:17:19,109 --> 00:17:21,169 you're treated at a certain level. 327 00:17:21,190 --> 00:17:24,160 People courtesy to you at court. 328 00:17:24,180 --> 00:17:28,180 What George and Elizabeth are clearly indicating 329 00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:32,040 is that Wallis is not part of the royal family. 330 00:17:33,079 --> 00:17:35,179 - Edward's whole life is completely changed. 331 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:37,220 He can no longer dazzle Wallis 332 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:40,120 with his royal palaces and his status. 333 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:45,010 - But there is one man who will exploit 334 00:17:45,029 --> 00:17:48,289 Edward's desire for deference and status. 335 00:17:49,009 --> 00:17:52,049 [cheering] 336 00:17:53,099 --> 00:17:55,159 - Hitler is saying, "Come to Berlin. 337 00:17:55,180 --> 00:17:57,050 "We'll treat you like royalty. 338 00:17:57,069 --> 00:17:59,039 We'll treat Wallis like royalty." 339 00:17:59,059 --> 00:18:02,259 And it's too good an opportunity to pass up. 340 00:18:02,279 --> 00:18:04,999 - Berlin. A huge crowd greeted 341 00:18:05,019 --> 00:18:06,189 the Duke and Duchess of Windsor. 342 00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:08,030 The purpose of the visit was to study 343 00:18:08,049 --> 00:18:09,279 social institutions and welfare. 344 00:18:11,140 --> 00:18:13,180 - The Nazi Party 345 00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:15,190 lay out the red carpet 346 00:18:15,210 --> 00:18:19,150 for Edward and Wallis. 347 00:18:19,170 --> 00:18:21,140 They curtsied to her, 348 00:18:21,160 --> 00:18:24,270 and they treated her royally. 349 00:18:24,289 --> 00:18:26,029 [cheering] 350 00:18:26,049 --> 00:18:27,249 - By 1937, 351 00:18:27,269 --> 00:18:30,059 Hitler has an appalling reputation 352 00:18:30,079 --> 00:18:32,179 for political persecution, 353 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,260 the violence of the Nazi party, 354 00:18:34,279 --> 00:18:38,079 and anti-Semitism is rife in that country. 355 00:18:39,180 --> 00:18:42,260 The fact that Edward is, if you like, cavorting 356 00:18:42,279 --> 00:18:44,059 with the Nazis. 357 00:18:44,079 --> 00:18:47,259 That suggests that he endorses Hitler's regime. 358 00:18:47,279 --> 00:18:51,069 - The visuals are very damaging indeed. 359 00:18:51,089 --> 00:18:55,009 It's a massive propaganda coup for the Nazi regime. 360 00:18:56,190 --> 00:19:00,040 - This causes a lot of panic back in London. 361 00:19:00,059 --> 00:19:02,049 You've got the loose cannon, Duke of Windsor, 362 00:19:02,069 --> 00:19:05,099 meeting with Hitler, himself. 363 00:19:05,119 --> 00:19:08,999 ♪ ♪ 364 00:19:09,019 --> 00:19:10,209 - There is a great deal of outrage 365 00:19:10,230 --> 00:19:13,120 at Edward's trip to Germany. 366 00:19:14,140 --> 00:19:18,040 "The New York Times" chastens Edward 367 00:19:18,059 --> 00:19:20,999 for allowing himself to be used as a pawn. 368 00:19:22,119 --> 00:19:24,999 - Edward didn't really sympathize with the Nazis, 369 00:19:25,019 --> 00:19:27,119 but he wanted to upstage his brother, 370 00:19:27,140 --> 00:19:30,120 and be a figure of international importance. 371 00:19:30,140 --> 00:19:32,150 So George was really very angry. 372 00:19:34,259 --> 00:19:37,119 - Less than two years after Edward's visit, 373 00:19:37,140 --> 00:19:40,000 Hitler's army invades Poland. 374 00:19:40,019 --> 00:19:41,079 [explosions] 375 00:19:41,099 --> 00:19:43,259 - Poland, September 1939. 376 00:19:43,279 --> 00:19:45,149 [horses neighing] The German foe begins 377 00:19:45,170 --> 00:19:47,100 its ruthless march of conquests, 378 00:19:47,119 --> 00:19:50,119 and sets the stage for World War II. 379 00:19:50,140 --> 00:19:52,110 [explosions] 380 00:19:52,130 --> 00:19:55,140 [somber, dramatic music] 381 00:19:57,089 --> 00:20:00,209 - Britain and Germany are now at war. 382 00:20:02,170 --> 00:20:06,100 The King addresses an apprehensive nation. 383 00:20:07,069 --> 00:20:10,099 - There may be dark days ahead, 384 00:20:10,119 --> 00:20:12,119 but with God's help, 385 00:20:12,140 --> 00:20:14,250 we shall prevail. 386 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,040 - Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War, 387 00:20:19,059 --> 00:20:23,119 Winton Churchill becomes George's prime minister. 388 00:20:23,140 --> 00:20:27,060 - The relationship is quite frosty in the beginning. 389 00:20:27,079 --> 00:20:29,189 Churchill turns up to his weekly audience 390 00:20:29,210 --> 00:20:31,200 with the king late. 391 00:20:31,220 --> 00:20:34,000 He dominates the conversation, 392 00:20:34,019 --> 00:20:36,219 and George finds it disrespectful. 393 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:40,160 As the war progressed, they held over 200 meetings 394 00:20:40,180 --> 00:20:41,250 just between the two of them, 395 00:20:41,269 --> 00:20:44,219 where they could talk freely. 396 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:48,070 - The role of the monarch was to be consulted, 397 00:20:48,089 --> 00:20:50,199 not to make the decisions. 398 00:20:50,220 --> 00:20:52,100 But during the Second World War, 399 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:54,189 he is able to backup Churchill and support him. 400 00:20:54,210 --> 00:20:57,170 They become mutually very, very close. 401 00:20:57,190 --> 00:21:00,010 - I think they talked about absolutely everything. 402 00:21:00,029 --> 00:21:03,109 There came to be built up between the King 403 00:21:03,130 --> 00:21:07,020 and my grandfather the most profound trust. 404 00:21:08,220 --> 00:21:11,000 - Now, King George VI 405 00:21:11,019 --> 00:21:14,149 is facing, really, the darkest hours 406 00:21:14,170 --> 00:21:16,190 as they prepare for 407 00:21:16,210 --> 00:21:20,010 the possibility of a German invasion. 408 00:21:23,119 --> 00:21:26,089 [airplanes whirring] 409 00:21:26,109 --> 00:21:28,099 - By September 1940, 410 00:21:28,119 --> 00:21:29,999 London is being subjected 411 00:21:30,019 --> 00:21:33,029 to a relentless bombing campaign, 412 00:21:33,049 --> 00:21:35,079 known as The Blitz. 413 00:21:36,150 --> 00:21:38,060 - During the war, the royal family 414 00:21:38,079 --> 00:21:40,059 want to present themselves 415 00:21:40,079 --> 00:21:41,219 as a unifying force, 416 00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:44,060 as suffering alongside their people, 417 00:21:44,079 --> 00:21:47,269 as the symbol that holds the nation together. 418 00:21:49,019 --> 00:21:51,249 [explosions] 419 00:21:52,279 --> 00:21:56,019 - As the bombing intensifies, the royal family 420 00:21:56,039 --> 00:21:59,179 visits areas hit by The Blitz. 421 00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,010 - When they go and visit these bombed out places, 422 00:22:02,029 --> 00:22:03,999 they are really resented. 423 00:22:04,019 --> 00:22:06,229 People actually don't want them there. 424 00:22:06,250 --> 00:22:09,230 - People end up booing and jeering 425 00:22:09,250 --> 00:22:11,050 at the royal family. 426 00:22:11,069 --> 00:22:13,169 People who have lost everything 427 00:22:13,190 --> 00:22:15,170 don't take kindly to the royal family 428 00:22:15,190 --> 00:22:17,120 trotting out of their car. 429 00:22:17,140 --> 00:22:21,070 They see it as patronizing, as being utterly disconnected 430 00:22:21,089 --> 00:22:23,209 from the real world. 431 00:22:23,230 --> 00:22:27,050 - This reaction suggests that the monarchy does not 432 00:22:27,069 --> 00:22:29,249 have the support of the British people, 433 00:22:29,269 --> 00:22:31,069 and at a time of war, 434 00:22:31,089 --> 00:22:33,159 where unity is absolutely essential, 435 00:22:33,180 --> 00:22:35,260 this is really worrying. 436 00:22:35,279 --> 00:22:38,179 - For the monarchy to survive, it has to be useful. 437 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:42,270 If they don't succeed to be of service, 438 00:22:42,289 --> 00:22:45,189 it may lead to conversation about, 439 00:22:45,210 --> 00:22:48,060 "Maybe we don't need a king, after all." 440 00:22:58,009 --> 00:23:00,109 - On the 13th of September, 1940, 441 00:23:00,130 --> 00:23:02,120 the King and Queen are at home in Buckingham Palace, 442 00:23:02,140 --> 00:23:04,090 in the drawing room. 443 00:23:04,109 --> 00:23:06,099 [sirens wailing] 444 00:23:06,119 --> 00:23:08,119 - All of a sudden, the King and Queen 445 00:23:08,140 --> 00:23:10,180 hear the sound that all Londoners 446 00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:12,180 have come to dread-- 447 00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:15,150 the air raid siren. 448 00:23:15,170 --> 00:23:17,090 - They hear the whir, whir, whir 449 00:23:17,109 --> 00:23:20,089 of the German plane, and it's coming for them. 450 00:23:20,109 --> 00:23:23,119 [explosions] 451 00:23:24,220 --> 00:23:27,130 - A bomb fell only a few feet from the palace building, 452 00:23:27,150 --> 00:23:30,000 close to the King's sitting room. 453 00:23:30,019 --> 00:23:31,189 - A member of staff was killed. 454 00:23:31,210 --> 00:23:34,050 It was a very, very severe bombing. 455 00:23:34,069 --> 00:23:37,029 They realized that they were being targeted. 456 00:23:37,049 --> 00:23:38,189 - And so it is, that Their Majesties 457 00:23:38,210 --> 00:23:40,120 are walking among the debris in the garden, 458 00:23:40,140 --> 00:23:44,130 just like other families in 100 homes today. 459 00:23:44,150 --> 00:23:46,070 - The air raid on Buckingham Palace 460 00:23:46,089 --> 00:23:47,209 is absolutely terrifying 461 00:23:47,230 --> 00:23:49,120 for the King and for the Queen. 462 00:23:49,140 --> 00:23:52,160 But it has a great impact on their public image. 463 00:23:52,180 --> 00:23:56,100 It bolsters their symbolic appeal 464 00:23:56,119 --> 00:24:00,099 as Londoners who are resolute. 465 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:02,139 - Buckingham Palace is bombed several times 466 00:24:02,160 --> 00:24:04,190 and the safety of the King and Queen 467 00:24:04,210 --> 00:24:06,020 is a real issue, 468 00:24:06,039 --> 00:24:07,149 and there is quite a lot of pressure 469 00:24:07,170 --> 00:24:09,240 for them to leave London. 470 00:24:09,259 --> 00:24:12,139 And they absolutely refuse. 471 00:24:12,160 --> 00:24:14,150 - Truly, this is a war of all the people. 472 00:24:14,170 --> 00:24:16,120 We're all in it. 473 00:24:16,140 --> 00:24:17,290 - The next time the King and Queen 474 00:24:18,009 --> 00:24:19,239 go and visit The Blitz damage, 475 00:24:19,259 --> 00:24:22,059 far from being booed and jeered. 476 00:24:22,079 --> 00:24:24,139 This time, they get applauded. 477 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:27,100 [cheers and applause] 478 00:24:27,119 --> 00:24:30,279 They have become the symbol of Keep Calm and Carry On. 479 00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:34,010 - The royal family do not have any political power, 480 00:24:34,029 --> 00:24:36,199 but Churchill realizes they can play 481 00:24:36,220 --> 00:24:40,040 a really important part in boosting morale. 482 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:43,069 - So, it's not just the King and Queen 483 00:24:43,089 --> 00:24:44,229 who are involved in the war effort. 484 00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:48,150 Princess Elizabeth is enlisted as well, 485 00:24:48,170 --> 00:24:51,080 and she makes broadcast. 486 00:24:51,099 --> 00:24:53,229 She speaks on behalf of herself, 487 00:24:53,250 --> 00:24:56,260 and her sister, Margaret Rose. 488 00:24:56,279 --> 00:24:59,189 - Princess Elizabeth is not a natural speaker. 489 00:24:59,210 --> 00:25:01,040 And age 14, 490 00:25:01,059 --> 00:25:04,279 she has to address the world, really. 491 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:07,190 So it's a big pressure on her shoulders. 492 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:13,140 - And when peace comes, remember 493 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:17,060 it will be for us, the children of today, 494 00:25:17,079 --> 00:25:19,009 to make the world of tomorrow 495 00:25:19,029 --> 00:25:21,209 a better and happier place. 496 00:25:21,230 --> 00:25:23,220 - It was an absolutely, sort of, magical moment. 497 00:25:23,240 --> 00:25:27,060 Everybody was moved to tears by these two children 498 00:25:27,079 --> 00:25:30,139 assisting their parents, really, in the war effort. 499 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:33,150 - We are both going to say goodnight to you. 500 00:25:33,170 --> 00:25:35,070 Come on, Margaret. 501 00:25:35,089 --> 00:25:37,019 - Goodnight, children. 502 00:25:37,039 --> 00:25:40,059 - Goodnight, and good luck to you all. 503 00:25:43,019 --> 00:25:46,159 - The war was very terrifying, and the idea of having 504 00:25:46,180 --> 00:25:49,230 Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret Rose there 505 00:25:49,250 --> 00:25:52,150 was really, really comforting. 506 00:25:57,279 --> 00:26:01,239 - But King George still has a problem to contend with... 507 00:26:02,289 --> 00:26:05,089 His exiled brother, Edward. 508 00:26:07,109 --> 00:26:11,019 - At this point, Edward is still a liability, 509 00:26:11,039 --> 00:26:15,109 and the government is increasingly concerned 510 00:26:15,130 --> 00:26:17,210 about some of the company he's been keeping, 511 00:26:17,230 --> 00:26:20,170 including people with pro-Nazi sympathies. 512 00:26:20,190 --> 00:26:24,130 And all of this was undermining George. 513 00:26:24,150 --> 00:26:28,100 - Churchill exercises his authority as prime minister, 514 00:26:28,119 --> 00:26:31,169 effectively to shuffle him off 515 00:26:31,190 --> 00:26:33,190 to the Bahamas as governor, 516 00:26:33,210 --> 00:26:35,060 where it's hope that the Duke of Windsor 517 00:26:35,079 --> 00:26:37,159 can do very little harm. 518 00:26:41,009 --> 00:26:43,179 - Churchill thought in sending him a long, long way 519 00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:47,100 from Western Europe, he can stay out of trouble. 520 00:26:47,119 --> 00:26:52,019 - With Edward and Wallis over 4,000 miles away, 521 00:26:52,039 --> 00:26:54,269 King George and Queen Elizabeth 522 00:26:54,289 --> 00:26:58,029 can focus on boosting national confidence, 523 00:26:58,049 --> 00:27:00,199 and driving the war effort. 524 00:27:00,220 --> 00:27:04,190 - They traveled something like 50,000 miles in the course 525 00:27:04,210 --> 00:27:08,010 of the war, around the United Kingdom, 526 00:27:08,029 --> 00:27:09,269 visiting troops, 527 00:27:09,289 --> 00:27:13,109 visiting hospitals, visiting factories. 528 00:27:13,130 --> 00:27:17,030 They are everywhere. 529 00:27:17,049 --> 00:27:20,229 - She is this effective, wartime queen. 530 00:27:20,250 --> 00:27:22,030 She is sympathetic. 531 00:27:22,049 --> 00:27:24,149 She is there meeting the people. 532 00:27:24,170 --> 00:27:26,200 It is said that Hitler calls Queen Elizabeth 533 00:27:26,220 --> 00:27:28,120 the most dangerous woman in Europe, 534 00:27:28,140 --> 00:27:31,240 because he fears her massive effect on public morale. 535 00:27:35,180 --> 00:27:37,100 [bell rings] 536 00:27:37,119 --> 00:27:39,189 - Advance, Britannia. 537 00:27:39,210 --> 00:27:42,270 Long live the cause of freedom. 538 00:27:42,289 --> 00:27:44,169 God save the King. 539 00:27:44,190 --> 00:27:46,010 [cheers and applause] 540 00:27:46,029 --> 00:27:48,219 [triumphant music] 541 00:27:48,240 --> 00:27:51,130 - After six long years of war, 542 00:27:51,150 --> 00:27:53,100 Hitler is defeated. 543 00:27:55,049 --> 00:27:58,039 When victory in Europe is declared, 544 00:27:58,059 --> 00:28:00,159 the royal family and Winston Churchill 545 00:28:00,180 --> 00:28:03,110 appear on the palace balcony 546 00:28:03,130 --> 00:28:06,160 to celebrate with the crowds. 547 00:28:06,180 --> 00:28:09,190 - My grandfather's admiration and respect 548 00:28:09,210 --> 00:28:11,190 for the crown doing its duty 549 00:28:11,210 --> 00:28:13,130 in a country under great pressure 550 00:28:13,150 --> 00:28:16,260 was probably the most important thing in his entire life. 551 00:28:16,279 --> 00:28:20,109 [cheers and applause] 552 00:28:20,130 --> 00:28:23,120 - It was just completely mad. It was joyous. 553 00:28:23,140 --> 00:28:26,190 And everybody was singing and dancing. 554 00:28:26,210 --> 00:28:33,190 ♪ ♪ 555 00:28:35,259 --> 00:28:37,179 - George broadcasts a victory speech 556 00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:39,000 to the nation that evening, 557 00:28:39,019 --> 00:28:41,999 that my grandfather listened to. 558 00:28:42,019 --> 00:28:44,009 - At this hour, 559 00:28:44,029 --> 00:28:46,289 when the dreadful shadow of war 560 00:28:47,009 --> 00:28:49,179 has passed far from our... 561 00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:53,100 hearths and homes... 562 00:28:53,119 --> 00:28:56,069 - My grandfather made some observations in his diary that 563 00:28:56,089 --> 00:28:59,239 the King sounded weary and tired. 564 00:28:59,259 --> 00:29:03,079 - We may at last make one pause, 565 00:29:03,099 --> 00:29:05,049 for thanksgiving. 566 00:29:05,069 --> 00:29:08,229 - The war comes at a huge, personal cost for George VI. 567 00:29:08,250 --> 00:29:11,130 And, to an extent, he's a broken man 568 00:29:11,150 --> 00:29:14,270 who's not in the best of health. 569 00:29:14,289 --> 00:29:17,269 - The shadow of war may have lifted, 570 00:29:17,289 --> 00:29:19,249 but within George's own family, 571 00:29:19,269 --> 00:29:21,179 peace will soon be disrupted 572 00:29:21,200 --> 00:29:26,140 by a new man in the life of his eldest daughter. 573 00:29:33,289 --> 00:29:37,239 - The Second World War has been over for a year, 574 00:29:37,259 --> 00:29:39,219 and at Balmoral Castle in Scotland, 575 00:29:39,240 --> 00:29:42,070 the 20-year-old Princess Elizabeth 576 00:29:42,089 --> 00:29:45,249 is deep in conversation with Prince Philip of Greece. 577 00:29:47,130 --> 00:29:49,020 - Well, of course, he was so good looking. 578 00:29:49,039 --> 00:29:51,079 I mean, we were all in love with him. 579 00:29:52,269 --> 00:29:55,059 - Prince Philip of Greece is a direct descendant 580 00:29:55,079 --> 00:29:56,259 of Queen Victoria, 581 00:29:56,279 --> 00:29:59,209 just as Princess Elizabeth of Great Britain 582 00:29:59,230 --> 00:30:03,240 is also a direct descendant of Queen Victoria. 583 00:30:03,259 --> 00:30:05,279 And this makes them third cousins. 584 00:30:07,170 --> 00:30:09,170 - Prince Philip was the fifth child 585 00:30:09,190 --> 00:30:11,280 of Prince Andrew of Greece. 586 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,010 He had four much older sisters. 587 00:30:14,029 --> 00:30:15,209 And within a year and a bit 588 00:30:15,230 --> 00:30:17,060 of his life starting, 589 00:30:17,079 --> 00:30:18,179 the royal family 590 00:30:18,200 --> 00:30:20,020 was overthrown in Greece. 591 00:30:20,039 --> 00:30:21,209 There was a military coup, 592 00:30:21,230 --> 00:30:24,250 and the family had to flee. 593 00:30:24,269 --> 00:30:26,119 - He comes from a very broken home. 594 00:30:26,140 --> 00:30:28,120 His father has a mistress in Monte Carlo. 595 00:30:28,140 --> 00:30:29,280 His mother's been shut up 596 00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:31,020 for her mental health problems. 597 00:30:31,039 --> 00:30:32,089 He never sees her. 598 00:30:32,109 --> 00:30:33,279 And so he's very rootless. 599 00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:36,110 - Somebody described Philip 600 00:30:36,130 --> 00:30:39,030 as a very large dog without a basket. 601 00:30:41,029 --> 00:30:44,069 - When in England, Philip stays with his uncle, 602 00:30:44,089 --> 00:30:47,189 the King's cousin, Lord Louie Mountbatten. 603 00:30:49,069 --> 00:30:51,129 - Prince Philip had a very difficult childhood, 604 00:30:51,150 --> 00:30:52,240 absent parents. 605 00:30:52,259 --> 00:30:54,189 And so I think my grandfather Mountbatten 606 00:30:54,210 --> 00:30:56,200 really took on that role. 607 00:30:56,220 --> 00:30:59,240 I think he became more than even an uncle. 608 00:30:59,259 --> 00:31:01,219 - He's sort of impressed by what he sees 609 00:31:01,240 --> 00:31:05,030 in the young Prince Philip, and he starts to have 610 00:31:05,049 --> 00:31:07,019 these, sort of, ambitions for him. 611 00:31:08,180 --> 00:31:10,260 - Princess Elizabeth first noticed Philip 612 00:31:10,279 --> 00:31:12,179 seven years earlier, 613 00:31:12,200 --> 00:31:16,070 at the Royal Naval college in Dartmouth. 614 00:31:16,089 --> 00:31:18,289 - In 1939, when Princess Elizabeth 615 00:31:19,009 --> 00:31:20,179 was a little girl of 13, 616 00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:23,100 and Prince Philip was 18 617 00:31:23,119 --> 00:31:24,219 and a naval cadet. 618 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:26,050 [marching band music] 619 00:31:26,069 --> 00:31:28,109 The King and the Queen, with their two daughters, 620 00:31:28,130 --> 00:31:30,130 came to the college. 621 00:31:30,150 --> 00:31:33,020 They played croquet. 622 00:31:33,039 --> 00:31:36,119 Prince Philip, concentrating on his shot, 623 00:31:36,140 --> 00:31:39,050 and there is little Princess Elizabeth 624 00:31:39,069 --> 00:31:40,219 gazing up at him. 625 00:31:40,240 --> 00:31:42,090 [bright, charming music] 626 00:31:42,109 --> 00:31:45,039 - She was smitten, I'm sure, very, very quickly, 627 00:31:45,059 --> 00:31:47,159 because they did start there, 628 00:31:47,180 --> 00:31:49,120 and never looked back frankly. 629 00:31:49,140 --> 00:31:51,060 It was a big love story. 630 00:31:52,259 --> 00:31:54,999 - The feeling was that it had been Mountbatten 631 00:31:55,019 --> 00:31:56,149 who engineered this. 632 00:31:56,170 --> 00:31:58,130 - Elizabeth and Philip wrote letters to each other 633 00:31:58,150 --> 00:31:59,250 throughout the war, 634 00:31:59,269 --> 00:32:03,179 and Elizabeth had a photograph of Philip beside her bed. 635 00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:06,050 And when the war was over, they began to see each other 636 00:32:06,069 --> 00:32:07,229 really rather frequently. 637 00:32:09,059 --> 00:32:12,229 - And when he asked her to marry him in 1946, 638 00:32:12,250 --> 00:32:14,280 Elizabeth says yes to Philip, 639 00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:17,160 but, of course, she has to ask her father's permission. 640 00:32:19,170 --> 00:32:22,240 - Philip's proposal came as a nasty shock 641 00:32:22,259 --> 00:32:25,199 to the King and the Queen. 642 00:32:27,099 --> 00:32:29,999 - Prince Philip would not have been their first choice. 643 00:32:30,019 --> 00:32:31,209 I mean, he was a sort of foreign prince 644 00:32:31,230 --> 00:32:34,260 and had a lot of German connections. 645 00:32:34,279 --> 00:32:37,109 - After the war, there is a great deal 646 00:32:37,130 --> 00:32:38,230 of anti-German sentiment 647 00:32:38,250 --> 00:32:40,140 in the royal household. 648 00:32:40,160 --> 00:32:43,060 The problem for Philip is that three of his sisters 649 00:32:43,079 --> 00:32:44,229 were married to Nazis, 650 00:32:44,250 --> 00:32:46,260 and therefore, there's a great deal of suspicion 651 00:32:46,279 --> 00:32:48,269 around Philip. 652 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,050 - The King's private secretary 653 00:32:51,069 --> 00:32:54,149 thought that Philip was a rough, crude, 654 00:32:54,170 --> 00:32:56,290 coarse sailor who would probably be unfaithful, 655 00:32:57,009 --> 00:33:00,099 and he didn't trust him an inch. 656 00:33:00,119 --> 00:33:01,279 - The King does consent to the marriage, 657 00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:03,100 but on the condition 658 00:33:03,119 --> 00:33:05,999 that they postpone the announcement of the engagement 659 00:33:06,019 --> 00:33:09,049 until after the royal visit to South Africa. 660 00:33:09,069 --> 00:33:11,129 - The King hopes that a little bit of separation 661 00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:13,140 between Elizabeth and Philip will mean that perhaps 662 00:33:13,160 --> 00:33:16,000 the love will cool a little. 663 00:33:16,019 --> 00:33:17,169 - They go on this tour in 1947 664 00:33:17,190 --> 00:33:19,170 to thank the South African people 665 00:33:19,190 --> 00:33:21,090 for the support given to Britain 666 00:33:21,109 --> 00:33:23,119 during the Second World War. 667 00:33:23,140 --> 00:33:25,190 Princess Elizabeth has never been out 668 00:33:25,210 --> 00:33:27,000 of the country before, 669 00:33:27,019 --> 00:33:28,169 so this is the first opportunity for her 670 00:33:28,190 --> 00:33:29,200 to unfurl her wings, 671 00:33:29,220 --> 00:33:31,190 and she gets a great deal of enjoyment 672 00:33:31,210 --> 00:33:33,140 out of the experience. 673 00:33:33,160 --> 00:33:36,030 - While they're on this trip in South Africa, 674 00:33:36,049 --> 00:33:38,019 on her 21st birthday, 675 00:33:38,039 --> 00:33:41,149 Princess Elizabeth gives a radio broadcast, 676 00:33:41,170 --> 00:33:45,150 and this is a key moment in her life. 677 00:33:48,170 --> 00:33:52,130 - I declare before you all that my whole life, 678 00:33:52,150 --> 00:33:55,040 whether it be long or short, 679 00:33:55,059 --> 00:33:57,099 shall be devoted to your service. 680 00:33:59,190 --> 00:34:01,110 - Princess Elizabeth, 681 00:34:01,130 --> 00:34:03,130 unlike her Uncle Edward, 682 00:34:03,150 --> 00:34:05,250 vows to devote herself 683 00:34:05,269 --> 00:34:08,059 to a lifetime of public duty 684 00:34:08,079 --> 00:34:10,169 when she is crowned queen. 685 00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:14,210 - Now that is a deliberately 686 00:34:14,230 --> 00:34:16,270 anti-abdication speech. 687 00:34:16,289 --> 00:34:20,279 This is for life. "I will not abdicate." 688 00:34:25,099 --> 00:34:26,999 - When she made that vow, 689 00:34:27,019 --> 00:34:30,049 felt it deeply, and meant it, 690 00:34:30,070 --> 00:34:31,190 every word of it, 691 00:34:31,210 --> 00:34:35,050 and has stuck to it throughout her life. 692 00:34:35,070 --> 00:34:37,170 [crowd cheering] 693 00:34:37,190 --> 00:34:39,270 - After Elizabeth returns from South Africa, 694 00:34:39,289 --> 00:34:41,179 she is still adamant 695 00:34:41,199 --> 00:34:43,259 she wants to marry Prince Philip. 696 00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:45,020 [cheering] 697 00:34:45,039 --> 00:34:46,069 - Londoners, who had been waiting 698 00:34:46,090 --> 00:34:47,240 outside the palace for hours, 699 00:34:47,260 --> 00:34:49,180 made their feelings perfectly clear 700 00:34:49,199 --> 00:34:50,269 when the Princess and her fiancé 701 00:34:50,289 --> 00:34:52,079 came out onto the balcony. 702 00:34:52,099 --> 00:34:55,209 [cheering] 703 00:34:55,230 --> 00:34:58,040 - Philip is going to marry into the royal family. 704 00:34:58,059 --> 00:35:00,179 You can't really do that without a handle to your name, 705 00:35:00,199 --> 00:35:01,999 without a title, 706 00:35:02,019 --> 00:35:05,089 and he becomes Duke of Edinburgh. 707 00:35:09,010 --> 00:35:12,160 - She just looked so radiant. Always calm. 708 00:35:12,179 --> 00:35:14,059 And also, so glamorous, you know. 709 00:35:14,079 --> 00:35:17,159 Everybody suddenly, after the war, looked 710 00:35:17,179 --> 00:35:19,019 rather wonderful. 711 00:35:21,269 --> 00:35:24,179 - The royal wedding is a national success-- 712 00:35:24,199 --> 00:35:27,069 a day of celebration that brightens hard times. 713 00:35:27,090 --> 00:35:28,270 [cheering] 714 00:35:28,289 --> 00:35:32,199 And yet, the king's health is failing. 715 00:35:32,219 --> 00:35:33,279 That ill health 716 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,080 is gonna have dramatic consequences 717 00:35:36,099 --> 00:35:38,149 for the young Elizabeth. 718 00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:49,160 - It has just been announced from Buckingham Palace 719 00:35:49,179 --> 00:35:52,069 that Her Royal Highness, the Princess Elizabeth, 720 00:35:52,090 --> 00:35:53,250 Duchess of Edinburgh, 721 00:35:53,269 --> 00:35:57,039 was safely delivered of a prince at 9:14 p.m. 722 00:35:58,219 --> 00:36:01,219 - Buckingham Palace, in November 1948-- 723 00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:03,079 Prince Charles is born. 724 00:36:05,019 --> 00:36:07,079 Almost exactly a year after the birth, 725 00:36:07,099 --> 00:36:10,279 Prince Philip takes up a post as second-in-command 726 00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,110 of destroyer, "Chequers," based in Malta, 727 00:36:14,130 --> 00:36:17,100 and the Princess comes out to join him. 728 00:36:18,219 --> 00:36:21,119 - I think that when they were in Malta together, 729 00:36:21,139 --> 00:36:23,249 it was the only time, really, in their married life 730 00:36:23,269 --> 00:36:26,049 when they've lived like normal people. 731 00:36:26,070 --> 00:36:29,080 [upbeat string music] 732 00:36:30,289 --> 00:36:33,109 - She could go to dances, chat to the other wives, 733 00:36:33,130 --> 00:36:35,190 go swimming, go to the hairdressers. 734 00:36:35,210 --> 00:36:39,050 She felt such freedom. She loved it. 735 00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:42,080 - I think those must have been 736 00:36:42,099 --> 00:36:44,119 the best two years of their lives. 737 00:36:46,050 --> 00:36:49,010 And then, of course, she had to come back to total reality. 738 00:36:49,030 --> 00:36:51,010 Back to England. 739 00:36:51,030 --> 00:36:53,170 - Anxious and sympathetic crowds were at the palace, 740 00:36:53,190 --> 00:36:55,000 waiting for news. 741 00:36:55,019 --> 00:36:56,179 The announcement, that the King was to undergo 742 00:36:56,199 --> 00:37:00,119 an immediate major operation came as a shock to everyone. 743 00:37:00,139 --> 00:37:02,089 - He needed to have an operation 744 00:37:02,110 --> 00:37:04,290 for the removal of one of his lungs. 745 00:37:05,010 --> 00:37:06,150 The King had lung cancer. 746 00:37:06,170 --> 00:37:07,250 [somber music] 747 00:37:07,269 --> 00:37:11,059 The operation itself seems to be successful, 748 00:37:11,079 --> 00:37:14,119 and the King convinces himself that he's getting better. 749 00:37:16,260 --> 00:37:20,190 - Even though George feels he is on the mend, 750 00:37:20,210 --> 00:37:24,190 there is a trip that he has been planning to do. 751 00:37:26,010 --> 00:37:27,260 But he's not up to it, 752 00:37:27,280 --> 00:37:31,120 and he asks Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip 753 00:37:31,139 --> 00:37:33,169 to go in his stead. 754 00:37:36,159 --> 00:37:39,999 - But five days after his daughter arrives in Kenya, 755 00:37:40,019 --> 00:37:42,019 at home in Sandringham, 756 00:37:42,039 --> 00:37:44,179 at the age of just 56, 757 00:37:44,199 --> 00:37:46,059 the King dies. 758 00:37:46,079 --> 00:37:48,229 [somber music] 759 00:37:48,250 --> 00:37:50,260 - Princess Elizabeth is already the Queen 760 00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:52,160 the moment her father dies 761 00:37:52,179 --> 00:37:54,129 thousands of miles away at Sandringham. 762 00:37:54,150 --> 00:37:56,140 So they have to get the message to her 763 00:37:56,159 --> 00:37:58,259 before the news is announced on the radio. 764 00:37:58,280 --> 00:38:01,200 And communications, of course, in 1952, 765 00:38:01,219 --> 00:38:03,229 are very, very difficult. 766 00:38:03,250 --> 00:38:06,210 - The palace sends out a coded message 767 00:38:06,230 --> 00:38:08,060 to be communicated to Elizabeth, 768 00:38:08,079 --> 00:38:10,069 but there's a problem. 769 00:38:10,090 --> 00:38:12,200 - The code had to be deciphered, 770 00:38:12,219 --> 00:38:14,289 and nobody had the code book. 771 00:38:15,010 --> 00:38:18,040 - But the palace thinks Elizabeth will be told, 772 00:38:18,059 --> 00:38:20,149 and so the palace tells the world, 773 00:38:20,170 --> 00:38:23,190 but Elizabeth doesn't know. 774 00:38:23,210 --> 00:38:26,060 - Elizabeth's private secretary, Martin Charteris, 775 00:38:26,079 --> 00:38:28,089 was in the local town when he hears 776 00:38:28,110 --> 00:38:29,240 that the King has died. 777 00:38:29,260 --> 00:38:32,230 But at this point it's unconfirmed. 778 00:38:32,250 --> 00:38:34,120 - Princess Elizabeth was in a room 779 00:38:34,139 --> 00:38:35,219 writing to her father at the time, 780 00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:38,239 and there is the radio. 781 00:38:38,260 --> 00:38:40,180 Philip's private secretary went in 782 00:38:40,199 --> 00:38:43,259 and took the radio out of the room. 783 00:38:43,280 --> 00:38:45,220 - The private secretary hears 784 00:38:45,239 --> 00:38:48,099 that the King is actually dead, 785 00:38:48,119 --> 00:38:50,139 and so Prince Philip is told. 786 00:38:52,219 --> 00:38:54,249 - Then Prince Philip has to go 787 00:38:54,269 --> 00:38:56,279 to Princess Elizabeth 788 00:38:57,000 --> 00:39:00,060 and say, "I think we better go take a walk outside." 789 00:39:01,219 --> 00:39:03,239 And in the garden... 790 00:39:03,260 --> 00:39:06,170 he breaks the news that her father has died. 791 00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:13,050 - Elizabeth is only 25. 792 00:39:13,070 --> 00:39:16,170 She's lost a father she adored. 793 00:39:16,190 --> 00:39:18,230 He was her mentor. He was her guide, 794 00:39:18,250 --> 00:39:21,000 and she was utterly devoted to him. 795 00:39:21,019 --> 00:39:23,219 ♪ ♪ 796 00:39:23,239 --> 00:39:28,009 - He demonstrated to her the meaning of duty. 797 00:39:28,030 --> 00:39:31,210 She never expected she would lose him so soon. 798 00:39:31,230 --> 00:39:36,200 ♪ ♪ 799 00:39:36,219 --> 00:39:39,039 - One reign had ended. 800 00:39:39,059 --> 00:39:41,039 A reign begins. 801 00:39:41,059 --> 00:39:43,129 With members of Her Majesty's government 802 00:39:43,150 --> 00:39:46,280 all await the Queen's arrival. 803 00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:49,010 - My grandfather, Winston Churchill, 804 00:39:49,030 --> 00:39:52,130 was worried that he didn't know her at all. 805 00:39:52,150 --> 00:39:55,030 There was a generational difference. 806 00:39:55,050 --> 00:39:56,160 He would've thought, "Well, my goodness, 807 00:39:56,179 --> 00:39:58,049 What am I going to talk to her about?" 808 00:39:59,199 --> 00:40:03,009 - And there she was, this very vulnerable young woman, 809 00:40:03,030 --> 00:40:06,100 having to take on what she was going to have to do. 810 00:40:06,119 --> 00:40:09,059 I think we were sort of dumbfounded, really. 811 00:40:09,079 --> 00:40:11,149 I mean, one wasn't expecting that to happen. 812 00:40:13,159 --> 00:40:15,999 - She took on this huge job 813 00:40:16,019 --> 00:40:17,279 immediately on top of being 814 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,090 very, very sad that she'd lost her father. 815 00:40:21,110 --> 00:40:24,110 - The opportunity was given for the people to pay tribute. 816 00:40:24,130 --> 00:40:26,110 Soon, they were passing into the hall 817 00:40:26,130 --> 00:40:28,280 at over 4,000 every hour-- 818 00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:32,270 itself a measure of public sorrow and sympathy. 819 00:40:37,250 --> 00:40:39,250 - There is an incredibly striking image 820 00:40:39,269 --> 00:40:41,079 of George's funeral, 821 00:40:41,099 --> 00:40:43,159 of the three queens 822 00:40:43,179 --> 00:40:47,129 with these incredibly, sort of, dramatic black veils. 823 00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:53,150 And it's an image of complete desolation, really. 824 00:40:53,170 --> 00:40:55,260 Total grief. 825 00:41:00,039 --> 00:41:02,279 - I remember them with black veils over their faces. 826 00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:05,150 I know, it's so sad. 827 00:41:05,170 --> 00:41:08,120 And poor Queen Elizabeth-- then the Queen-- 828 00:41:08,139 --> 00:41:10,009 very young indeed. 829 00:41:11,099 --> 00:41:14,019 - Goodness knows what was going through her mind. 830 00:41:14,039 --> 00:41:17,059 A wondrous thought, how devastated she must be. 831 00:41:19,179 --> 00:41:22,229 - The Queen is now the head of the royal family. 832 00:41:22,250 --> 00:41:25,160 It is her responsibility. 833 00:41:25,179 --> 00:41:28,019 She has the biggest job in the world, 834 00:41:28,039 --> 00:41:30,139 and everyone is watching to see 835 00:41:30,159 --> 00:41:32,009 whether she can succeed. 836 00:41:39,019 --> 00:41:41,059 - Next on "The Windsors"... 837 00:41:42,159 --> 00:41:45,129 - Philip and Elizabeth are a golden couple, 838 00:41:45,150 --> 00:41:48,190 but behind the scenes, he's restless. 839 00:41:48,210 --> 00:41:51,070 - There are rumors that there might be cracks 840 00:41:51,090 --> 00:41:52,200 in the Queen's marriage. 841 00:41:52,219 --> 00:41:55,159 - And her sister is actually involved 842 00:41:55,179 --> 00:41:57,049 with a divorced man. 843 00:41:57,070 --> 00:41:59,190 - Where there's a conflict between love and duty, 844 00:41:59,210 --> 00:42:02,160 it is duty that comes first.