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[motorcycle engines rev]
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[woman] On April 1st, 1991,
our Ulrich Wessel command
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shot the president of the Treuhand
in Berlin, Detlev Karsten Rohwedder.
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Rohwedder had been in key positions
in politics and industry for 20 years.
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Being installed as Bonn's governor
in East Berlin
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was meant to crown his career.
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[woman] Since its annexation,
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the former GDR has become
a de facto colony of West Germany.
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The former GDR's economy is being
systematically dismantled,
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so that capitalism has free rein
to rebuild the country
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according to its needs
and over the heads of its uprooted people.
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The West German government chose
Rohwedder to implement this plan.
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And they picked the right man,
with his brutality and arrogance.
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Forty years of socialism
on the former GDR's territory
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had caused more damage
than the Second World War,
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he once remarked.
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This from a man who only judges the world
in terms of profits and productivity,
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and for whom human lives don't count.
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The Treuhand's doings cause more harm
to people than just job loss.
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It causes not only material distress
for the millions of unemployed,
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but it also impoverishes
their hearts and minds.
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[crowd chanting]
If the Treuhand gets its way…
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[Hofmeyer] "For most of the humiliated
and insulted people
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this development represents
the destruction of their way of life.
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They are to be confined to the suburbs,
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which are designed to isolate people
from one another."
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[woman] At the same time, sexist behavior
against women erupts openly.
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Women are the first to be fired
when former GDR firms are shut down.
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Daycare facilities disappear.
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And women are losing their right to choose
how many, if any, kids to have.
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For us in West Germany,
this is nothing new.
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We view our attack
against one of the architects
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of this new greater Germany
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as an attack which targets
this reactionary development at its roots.
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["Warum Geht Es Mir So Dreckig"
by Ton Steine Scherben playing]
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♪ Why do I feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ Why do I feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ Why do I feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ Why do I feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ So lousy ♪
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♪ So lousy ♪
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♪ Why do we feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ Why do we feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ Why do we feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ Why do we feel so lousy? ♪
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♪ So lousy ♪
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♪ So lousy ♪
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♪ So lousy ♪
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♪ So lousy ♪
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[woman] Those who do not fight
die little by little.
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Freedom can only be gained
through the struggle for liberation.
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Red Army Faction,
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Ulrich Wessel command.
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[music ends dramatically]
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In my opinion, this confession is
the best the RAF has ever written.
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It has everything.
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GERMANY
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[upbeat theme music playing]
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A NETFLIX ORIGINAL DOCUMENTARY SERIES
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[Hitler] The German Reich…
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[Ulbricht] Nobody has any intention
of building a wall.
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[reporter] West and East Germany,
a divided nation.
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♪ Unity and justice and freedom… ♪
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Red Army Faction.
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…insane attacks by barbaric terrorists.
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♪ …Fatherland ♪
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♪ Risen from ruins… ♪
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[Reagan] Tear down this wall!
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Our fatherland, reunited.
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♪ Flourish, German fatherland ♪
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CAPITALIST
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[interviewer] Dr. Detlev Rohwedder,
son of a bookseller,
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studied law and economics.
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In 1979, he became a member
of the Board of Hoesch AG in Dortmund,
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of which he has been chairman since 1980.
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Mr. Rohwedder,
nowadays you have a reputation
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as a tough and determined manager.
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Did your profession change you
as a person?
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I never doubted it was the RAF.
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That they hold
the political responsibility
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and are guilty of committing the murder.
That was clear to me.
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ROHWEDDER
TREUHAND BOSS ASSASSINATED
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Treuhand boss Rohwedder
was apparently murdered by terrorists.
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[reporter] The Red Army Faction
claims responsibility.
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[reporter 2] This morning, police were
looking for clues and finding one:
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the trademark document
left by the Red Army Faction,
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the terrorist group which has often
singled out economic targets in the past.
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[Hofmeyer] This is
one of the usual letters
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the Red Army Faction issues
after its attacks.
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We, at the Federal Criminal Police Office,
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had to analyze its authenticity.
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For this, we had a couple of options.
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[Fundermann] The RAF had
its own printing gear.
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They created their letters
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with the red star, the submachine gun,
and the letters RAF,
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using so-called gravure printing.
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Once our forensics team was able
to compare such prints
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under an electron microscope,
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we could confirm
they came from the same printing plate.
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Then we knew it was an RAF original.
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[reporter]
What does this confession say?
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It's a brief confession…
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FEDERAL PROSECUTOR GENERAL VON STAHL
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…written in typical
RAF political gibberish.
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"In the struggle
against the reactionary plans
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of Greater Germany and Western Europe
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to suppress and exploit
the people here…"
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and so on and so forth.
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[reporter 3] In a five-page letter,
Rohwedder is accused
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of being a capitalist strategist
and brutal company restructurer.
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[narrator] A pamphlet full of quirky,
pseudo-revolutionary buzzwords.
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At the same time, the criminal virility
of these people has grown.
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They hardly leave
any usable traces or clues.
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The Red Army Faction wasn't a Red Army.
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It was…
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If you look at the entire 28 years
of their existence,
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it was a faction at best,
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meaning a relatively
small group of people.
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[Hofmeyer] There are people
who distinguish
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between several RAF generations.
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Essentially, there was
a constant influx of newcomers
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being assimilated into the RAF.
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They lived like fish in water.
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They were urban guerrillas.
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They lived underground.
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[Ridder] But this group was daring enough
to attack
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West Germany's political
and business elite
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and the country's leading figures.
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This daring was unprecedented
on a historical scale.
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[horn honks]
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[reporter] Political bombing
in West Germany.
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A new form of political confrontation
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has been frightening millions of Germans
in recent weeks.
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[reporter 2] The terrorism record
could hardly look more frightening.
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[reporter 3]
Federal Prosecutor General Buback
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was shot dead in Karlsruhe
in the middle of the street.
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PONTO ASSASSINATED
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Jürgen Pronto, one of the most important
German bankers,
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died as a result
of an assassination attempt.
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[reporter 4] In the Schleyer
abduction case,
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evidence is increasing that the President
of the Employers Association
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was murdered by terrorists.
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We warned them.
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We predicted who would be the next victim.
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But at the same time, I witnessed
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Germany's operational security forces'
helplessness
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in the face of these predictable
RAF's operations.
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RED ARMY FACTION, 2ND GENERATION
LUTZ TAUFER
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[woman] Rohwedder has always been
one of those desktop criminals
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who would routinely stop at nothing
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when it came to planning misery
and desperation
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for millions of people
in the interest of power and profit.
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[Woman on PA] Who's bearing the losses?
We are!
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[woman] In the '80s,
Rohwedder made a name for himself
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as a brutal company restructurer.
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[woman on PA] Stop talking
about "our" losses!
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[interviewer] Mr. Rohwedder, do you think
the workforce likes you?
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No, I don't think so.
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I also don't think
this is what a company boss
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should strive for or expect.
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There needs to be a clear,
how shall I put this,
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not an idea of an enemy,
but there needs to be a point person
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upon whom frustration,
existential worries,
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disappointed expectations, low wages,
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fear of unemployment and the like
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can be unloaded.
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[whistling]
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[woman on PA] He eliminates jobs
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without creating new opportunities for us!
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This is a scandal in a city
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which already has an unemployment rate
of 18% and rising!
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-[horn honks]
-[cheering]
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[woman] Within just a few years,
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he threw out more than two-thirds
of the Hoesch workforce
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and led the bankrupt group
back to new profits.
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For this, he was elected
Manager of the Year in 1983.
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Being installed as Bonn's governor
in East Berlin
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was meant to crown his career.
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[interviewer] Did you learn much in
Dortmund for your Berlin job?
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Absolutely, yes.
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I also believe that this experience
actually led to me being offered the job.
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I had earned trust with my abilities,
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because there will be a lot of conflict
to deal with in the new Federal States.
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And I believe you'll need someone
who's not afraid
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to stand up in front of workers
and speak to them.
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[Rohwedder] Let me repeat this to you.
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We face a situation
that has dramatically worsened.
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Gentlemen, I am not the kind of conductor
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who doesn't care
which direction the train takes.
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Laying off employees: is this easier
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because you, as Chairman,
don't know the workers personally?
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That's certain.
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If I knew them personally,
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absorbed their individual fates,
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this would make decisions more difficult.
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But when a company's survival is at stake,
things must be done.
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[dramatic music playing]
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In the Rohwedder case,
I believe it is close to 100% certain
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that the so-called third RAF generation
was involved and responsible.
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The murderers of Treuhand boss
Detlev Rohwedder vanished into thin air.
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No viable evidence was found
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at the crime scene in Düsseldorf,
no other clues.
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Investigations have stalled.
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[reporter] Minister of Justice Kinkel
returned from his holiday in Switzerland.
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His statement on the day after the murder
resembles a declaration of bankruptcy.
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[Kinkel] We estimate that it is
a core group of about 15 members.
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But frankly, we don't know
who these people are.
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That's simply due
to the small size of the group,
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and that they, in contrast to the past,
do not leave any clues behind.
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[reporter] It's true.
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Since Hessian Finance Minister Karry
was shot dead ten years ago,
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and MTU Manager Zimmermann
near Munich four years later,
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there have been no more clues.
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Also nothing in the case
of Siemens' CEO Beckurts from 1986.
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And also no evidence was found
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after a similar attack
on Secretary of State Hans Neusel.
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The RAF issued confession letters,
as always,
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but gave no clues as to specific culprits.
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[motorcycle engines rev]
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[Ridder] The RAF's predictability,
which I consider to be a key tenet,
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also applies to their behavior
towards the authorities.
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There was never a case
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in which the RAF provided intel
to the authorities.
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Rohwedder…
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Let me put it this way,
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capitalism was to blame.
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But you can't shoot capitalism.
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Otherwise someone would have
a long time ago.
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I am Lutz Taufer.
Together with five other people,
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I attacked the German embassy in Stockholm
and we murdered two hostages.
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Two people from our group also died there.
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I spent 20 years in prison,
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mostly in different levels
of solitary confinement.
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[ominous music playing]
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The third generation…
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I'm not quite sure who they were.
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I did not have any contact
with these people.
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Maybe I've once met one of them
without knowing.
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RAF was, of course, communist,
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socialist, leftist in some form.
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We hoped to fight the global system
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which gave rise to both fascism
and colonialism.
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We wanted to fight, overcome,
and smash this system,
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so that a different system,
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a more humane society,
could take its place.
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00:15:23,960 --> 00:15:26,720
I was part of the first
post-war generation
247
00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:30,440
in a country that had started
two world wars.
248
00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:35,080
I grew up in a culture
249
00:15:35,160 --> 00:15:37,960
in which fascism was not yet unpopular.
250
00:15:38,440 --> 00:15:42,120
One of my teachers came to class
with a portable record player.
251
00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:45,480
The records he made us listen to were
Hitler's speeches.
252
00:15:45,560 --> 00:15:49,800
This German people has grown strong again,
253
00:15:49,880 --> 00:15:54,000
strong in spirit, strong in will…
254
00:15:54,080 --> 00:15:58,240
[Maier-Witt] When I was 16, 17 years old,
I became aware
255
00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:04,440
that six million Jews had been killed
during World War II.
256
00:16:04,520 --> 00:16:07,480
Today I know that my dad was an SS member.
257
00:16:07,560 --> 00:16:12,280
His only reaction was,
"Who told you this nonsense?"
258
00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:17,120
[Maier-Witt] This is where I got
my motivation
259
00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,400
to escape such narrow-mindedness.
260
00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:23,960
Around the same time,
the Vietnam War was going on.
261
00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:25,920
[ominous music playing]
262
00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:32,680
We took to the streets to demonstrate
263
00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:34,480
for peace in Vietnam.
264
00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:38,480
People should have applauded us.
265
00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:41,160
But they spat on us.
266
00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:43,280
They…
267
00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:47,160
Exterminate them, I say!
268
00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:49,640
That would be best,
269
00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:52,280
eradicate them!
270
00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:53,880
Shoot them.
271
00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:56,640
They live off our hard-earned tax money.
272
00:16:56,720 --> 00:16:58,720
Away with them.
Up against the wall and shoot them!
273
00:16:59,840 --> 00:17:03,520
People shouted at us,
"They forgot to gas you!"
274
00:17:03,600 --> 00:17:06,360
That was the situation back then.
275
00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:07,640
[crowd chants]
276
00:17:07,720 --> 00:17:09,720
[Taufer] We were in a country
we couldn't breathe in.
277
00:17:09,800 --> 00:17:10,920
Nobody wanted us.
278
00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:14,520
We had no chance of starting
a normal life in this atmosphere.
279
00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:20,240
[crowd shouting and chanting]
280
00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:26,440
[Taufer] We did everything we could
to overpower the system.
281
00:17:27,040 --> 00:17:29,760
[narrator] On April 24, 1975,
282
00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:32,600
six terrorists occupy
the German Embassy in Stockholm.
283
00:17:33,160 --> 00:17:35,480
They demand the release of RAF prisoners.
284
00:17:35,560 --> 00:17:37,920
When the West German government
rejects their demands,
285
00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,520
they shoot two embassy workers
and detonate bombs.
286
00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:43,800
[explosion]
287
00:17:46,680 --> 00:17:51,080
[reporter] Put it on the air!
Put it on the air! Put it on the air!
288
00:17:51,960 --> 00:17:56,560
[reporter] We're at the German Embassy
and just heard a massive explosion.
289
00:17:56,640 --> 00:18:00,840
[Taufer] Our goal was to free
16 prisoners, I think.
290
00:18:00,920 --> 00:18:03,160
And in the end, there were four dead
291
00:18:04,360 --> 00:18:08,040
and four people with life sentences.
292
00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:09,880
[man] Help!
293
00:18:13,360 --> 00:18:14,640
Help!
294
00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:21,160
[Taufer] There had never been
such a violent attack before.
295
00:18:21,760 --> 00:18:25,720
All our actions,
296
00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,200
uh, were also meant to inspire others
297
00:18:31,680 --> 00:18:35,960
to see us as an example
and to join the armed struggle.
298
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:41,480
[upbeat music playing]
299
00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:43,960
We had a lot of discussions back then:
300
00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:46,600
violence, yes or no?
301
00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:50,120
Is it a legitimate means or isn't it?
302
00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:52,080
I always felt,
303
00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:54,200
if I wanted to really fight the system,
304
00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:57,520
I needed to do so with full conviction.
305
00:18:58,120 --> 00:19:02,720
In my opinion, RAF members
were willing to give up everything,
306
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:04,600
even risk their own lives.
307
00:19:04,680 --> 00:19:06,640
And I thought, um…
308
00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:09,880
I thought this was special.
309
00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:14,400
So first, I burned all my papers
310
00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:17,400
in order to become a member of the RAF.
311
00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:21,920
The first thing
that I was given was a gun.
312
00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:25,240
[reporter] Silke Maier-Witt,
27 years of age,
313
00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:27,080
is considered very dangerous.
314
00:19:27,640 --> 00:19:30,760
She's accused of participating
in several serious crimes.
315
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:34,600
Silke Maier-Witt is 1.71 meters tall
with a slender build.
316
00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:37,240
She has blue eyes and dark blonde hair.
317
00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:39,920
Distinctive feature:
several missing teeth.
318
00:19:40,560 --> 00:19:42,840
[Maier-Witt] I was responsible
for hiring cars.
319
00:19:44,320 --> 00:19:46,360
I learned how to fake passports,
320
00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:49,080
things like that.
321
00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:52,320
POLICE
322
00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:55,920
TERRORISTS, WANTED URGENTLY!
323
00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,400
[narrator] Sixteen RAF members are on
the run, but the police know who they are.
324
00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:00,880
A manhunt is ongoing.
325
00:20:01,560 --> 00:20:04,720
If you have any information, please report
it to your nearest police station.
326
00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:08,560
[siren wails]
327
00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:11,680
[Ridder] By 1980…
328
00:20:12,520 --> 00:20:16,120
the RAF was basically
329
00:20:17,080 --> 00:20:20,640
on its knees due to a certain incident.
330
00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:27,720
Coincidence led to a wave of arrests
in Frankfurt.
331
00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:33,880
The entire RAF leadership was caught.
332
00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:43,280
[Fundermann] A great success,
especially capturing Christian Klar.
333
00:20:43,360 --> 00:20:46,200
I can't put it any other way,
he was the RAF's main assassin.
334
00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:49,160
He had ruthlessly killed several people.
335
00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:51,160
[camera shutter clicks]
336
00:20:51,240 --> 00:20:54,400
We definitely had the feeling,
"Now we've got them. That's it."
337
00:20:56,680 --> 00:21:00,160
With all those arrests,
the RAF was practically dead.
338
00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:04,040
We were literally…
339
00:21:04,760 --> 00:21:06,080
"headless".
340
00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:07,680
Then…
341
00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:13,280
one of our group got in touch
with the Stasi.
342
00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:16,120
And they told us…
343
00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:20,400
we were going to the GDR.
344
00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:23,720
My next question was,
"What do I actually know about the GDR?"
345
00:21:23,800 --> 00:21:25,080
Nothing, really.
346
00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:28,120
Also, I was disappointed at first,
347
00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:34,280
because I thought, "What revolutionary
things can I do in the GDR?"
348
00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:37,640
ENTRY FOR CITIZENS OF THE FRG
349
00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:39,280
AND OTHER COUNTRIES
LONG-TERM STAY
350
00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:47,520
[Maier-Witt] We then received
our GDR ID cards
351
00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:50,000
and became official GDR citizens.
352
00:21:51,160 --> 00:21:55,840
[upbeat music playing]
353
00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:59,480
[Hofmeyer] On the one hand,
a great impudence,
354
00:21:59,560 --> 00:22:04,080
but also my kudos to the Stasi
355
00:22:04,160 --> 00:22:06,840
which handled this
in a really professional way.
356
00:22:09,600 --> 00:22:12,920
Their resumes were rewritten.
357
00:22:13,480 --> 00:22:15,920
They were provided with accommodation
358
00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:19,000
and suitable jobs.
359
00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:22,240
Everything was done for them
360
00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:26,600
so that they could settle
in their new socialist homeland.
361
00:22:26,680 --> 00:22:30,440
But at the same time,
their every step was watched
362
00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:35,000
with the greatest suspicion.
363
00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:43,360
[Maier-Witt] It was like 24/7 care.
364
00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:46,320
Someone used to drop by regularly.
365
00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:47,400
And I thought,
366
00:22:47,480 --> 00:22:52,960
"I'm really at the mercy
of this organization."
367
00:22:58,600 --> 00:23:00,120
But what was my alternative?
368
00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:03,200
Go to prison for the same length of time?
369
00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:06,400
[upbeat music playing]
370
00:23:13,680 --> 00:23:18,120
[Ridder] The RAF developed a capability
371
00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:23,560
rarely seen in terrorist organizations.
372
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:30,480
They managed to turn every defeat
into a victory.
373
00:23:31,240 --> 00:23:34,560
Whenever the state succeeded
in weakening the RAF,
374
00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:41,040
the RAF always succeeded
in recruiting new members.
375
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:48,280
The last, the third RAF generation,
376
00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:50,640
is characterized
377
00:23:51,280 --> 00:23:56,000
by an unusual criminal energy
378
00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:59,440
and discipline.
379
00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:03,920
What's also striking is that,
380
00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:08,040
to this very day, their biggest crimes
381
00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:09,800
are nowhere near being solved
382
00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:16,240
in terms of finding those responsible
383
00:24:17,080 --> 00:24:18,880
and understanding their actions.
384
00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:25,920
FEDERAL CRIMINAL POLICE OFFICE
UNDERCOVER AGENT
385
00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:34,680
[undercover agent] For all attacks
launched since 1983,
386
00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,960
many hold the so-called
third RAF generation responsible.
387
00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:41,000
I just don't believe this.
388
00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:44,920
I don't think
this third generation ever existed.
389
00:24:47,200 --> 00:24:52,120
I have worked for the Federal Criminal
Police Office for 35 years.
390
00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:54,520
As a police officer, investigator.
391
00:24:56,760 --> 00:25:00,160
I just don't believe the RAF…
392
00:25:02,200 --> 00:25:03,640
from 1987 onwards,
393
00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:05,960
or probably even earlier,
394
00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:10,080
was able to carry out such precise attacks
like the ones on Rohwedder
395
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:13,640
and also Herrhausen.
396
00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:22,200
16 MONTHS UNTIL THE MURDER
397
00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:23,240
[reporter] Good evening.
398
00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:27,560
Deutsche Bank boss Alfred Herrhausen
was murdered by terrorists today.
399
00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:29,320
Good morning, everybody. A bomb blast
400
00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:32,160
that killed the Chairman
of Germany's largest bank this morning
401
00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:33,840
has many Europeans wondering
402
00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:36,840
if the terrorist wave
of years ago is returning.
403
00:25:36,920 --> 00:25:38,520
The bomb detonated early this morning
404
00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:41,200
as Herrhausen was being driven
from his home to Frankfurt,
405
00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:42,480
the nation's financial capital.
406
00:25:42,560 --> 00:25:46,080
[reporter] The attack has shaken
German society,
407
00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:49,080
because Herrhausen
ruled a business empire.
408
00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:52,040
[reporter 2] The terror group Red Army
Faction may be behind the murder.
409
00:25:52,120 --> 00:25:54,080
[narrator] Investigators call this
high-tech terror
410
00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:56,040
and blame what may be
a third RAF generation.
411
00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:00,880
Here you see our colleagues on site.
412
00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:04,040
This officer is part
of the Crime Scene Unit.
413
00:26:04,120 --> 00:26:09,720
You can clearly see the force
with which the RAF's bomb
414
00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:14,160
burst into Herrhausen's armored vehicle.
415
00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:19,160
[Fundermann] They used
a self-made hollow charge,
416
00:26:19,240 --> 00:26:21,320
set off by a photo sensor.
417
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:24,840
The sensor itself had to be primed
by someone nearby.
418
00:26:24,920 --> 00:26:28,160
First, the escort vehicle went past,
then the sensor was primed,
419
00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:30,440
and then the blast smashed
right into the right rear door.
420
00:26:30,520 --> 00:26:32,800
There are only a few people in Germany,
421
00:26:32,880 --> 00:26:37,160
mostly military or professional blasters,
who could build something like this.
422
00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:40,840
It gave us a lot to contemplate.
423
00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:44,840
Who could have pulled this off?
424
00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:50,560
[Matschke] I was there myself
at the Herrhausen crime scene.
425
00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:53,520
I live nearby.
426
00:26:54,920 --> 00:26:58,120
I heard this huge bang,
427
00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:03,040
so I drove over there
and saw what had happened.
428
00:27:04,160 --> 00:27:10,120
[Matschke] It was a completely new way
to carry out an assassination.
429
00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:14,880
All prior attacks had been rather crude.
430
00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:18,560
Drive-by shootings on motorcycles
and things like that.
431
00:27:19,280 --> 00:27:22,960
These were not typical for the RAF,
432
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:27,120
the Herrhausen assassination
with a booby trap
433
00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:30,040
and the Rohwedder assassination
434
00:27:30,120 --> 00:27:34,360
with an excellent sniper shot.
435
00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:38,800
These highly precise operations…
436
00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:45,040
in my view, were military-style.
437
00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:48,080
[ominous music playing]
438
00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:04,960
[undercover agent] The Rohwedder case…
439
00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:08,960
I have great doubts
about who was behind that.
440
00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:11,960
This precise shot from a distance
of about 60 meters
441
00:28:12,040 --> 00:28:16,040
in difficult lighting conditions,
the light is broken by a window.
442
00:28:16,120 --> 00:28:19,560
These are conditions
only a professional can master.
443
00:28:35,080 --> 00:28:38,800
[narrator] Karsten Rohwedder's study,
where he was shot dead.
444
00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:41,800
Using a laser beam,
445
00:28:41,880 --> 00:28:45,720
the Federal Criminal Police Office
tries to trace the ballistic curve
446
00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:48,520
and the exact location
from where the shots were fired.
447
00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:52,000
-[investigator 1] Move towards the right.
-[investigator 2] The right.
448
00:28:52,080 --> 00:28:54,520
[investigator 1] Stop. This should be it.
A little higher.
449
00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:57,520
-[investigator 2] Lower. Now?
-[radio] A little higher and to the right.
450
00:28:57,600 --> 00:28:59,560
A little higher and to the right. Stop!
451
00:28:59,640 --> 00:29:01,640
-[investigator 1] Yes.
-[radio] This is the exact position.
452
00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:02,800
-Yes.
-Exactly.
453
00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:07,080
We are pointing a laser beam
through the window to trace the bullets
454
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:11,440
and to determine the exact location
of the gunman in this garden.
455
00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:15,680
We plan to do a second procedure
to reconstruct what happened,
456
00:29:15,760 --> 00:29:18,320
with a rifle of the type that was used,
a G1 rifle.
457
00:29:21,640 --> 00:29:23,120
[Fundermann] We never found the rifle.
458
00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:24,800
But we found spent shells,
459
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:31,800
uh, which is essential to determine
what kind of weapon was used.
460
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:35,680
[reporter] A microscopic analysis
of the bullets showed
461
00:29:35,760 --> 00:29:38,320
that the same rifle
was used a few weeks earlier
462
00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:41,320
to attack the U.S. embassy in Bonn.
463
00:29:41,400 --> 00:29:43,120
7 WEEKS
464
00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:46,080
UNTIL THE MURDER
465
00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:47,000
ATTACK ON US EMBASSY
466
00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:49,960
Our news office in Bonn reports
that a terror attack was launched
467
00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:52,080
against the U.S. Embassy in Bonn
this evening.
468
00:29:52,160 --> 00:29:57,280
The big building was apparently fired on
with machine guns from across the Rhine.
469
00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:00,040
[narrator] More than 200 shots were fired,
470
00:30:00,120 --> 00:30:04,440
but not a single potential victim
was in sight.
471
00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:07,960
What an amateurish attack!
472
00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:11,680
They shot at the U.S. Embassy
from across the river.
473
00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:15,920
We thought this was way too amateurish
for RAF standards.
474
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:20,280
And just a few weeks later,
the same rifle is used to kill Rohwedder?
475
00:30:21,320 --> 00:30:23,080
And we had nothing. Absolutely nothing.
476
00:30:23,160 --> 00:30:27,600
-[rifle shot]
-[suspenseful music playing]
477
00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:34,040
[undercover agent] It is striking
478
00:30:34,120 --> 00:30:38,760
that after each precise attack,
a very amateurish one would follow.
479
00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:41,280
In my opinion, this only serves to obscure
480
00:30:41,360 --> 00:30:44,760
the actual motives and perpetrators.
481
00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:48,840
Let's assume
the generation theory is true.
482
00:30:48,920 --> 00:30:51,520
How can it be
that no member of the third generation
483
00:30:51,600 --> 00:30:54,800
has ever surfaced
or become known to authorities?
484
00:30:56,720 --> 00:30:58,880
[Ridder] How is it that this generation
485
00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:02,600
virtually left no traces at all,
486
00:31:02,680 --> 00:31:06,880
meaning there's no longer
any kind of objective proof?
487
00:31:07,360 --> 00:31:08,360
Indeed…
488
00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:13,320
uh, this is a point one can make.
489
00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:19,560
But I, who always tried to think
in RAF categories,
490
00:31:19,640 --> 00:31:24,200
I am certain that if the RAF says
it was them,
491
00:31:24,280 --> 00:31:26,040
then it was them!
492
00:31:32,280 --> 00:31:35,320
[Taufer] In preparation for our talk,
493
00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:38,960
I reread the old confession letters.
494
00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:42,560
1985, '86, '87.
495
00:31:43,320 --> 00:31:47,680
Uh, the attacks during that time
and the letters
496
00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:52,320
were all coherent.
497
00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:55,000
However, the Rohwedder confession
498
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,120
is very different from the previous ones.
499
00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:04,680
[woman] All of us who are fighting
to live our lives with dignity
500
00:32:04,760 --> 00:32:06,560
in a world free of rulers
501
00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:09,360
should roll up our sleeves
and become a common force.
502
00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:12,640
[woman] The revolutionary movement
503
00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:16,240
must develop a real
and concrete human perspective.
504
00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:20,080
[woman] The sprout
of a new society must emerge,
505
00:32:20,160 --> 00:32:23,360
one in which people start living together
without rulers
506
00:32:23,440 --> 00:32:24,840
in a self-determined manner.
507
00:32:24,920 --> 00:32:27,120
We are prepared to work with anyone
508
00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:30,520
who feels that this capitalist reality
is suffocating them.
509
00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:37,560
"The revolutionary movement must become
an actual and noticeable political force."
510
00:32:37,640 --> 00:32:40,240
This means the RAF…
511
00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:44,160
wanted to show people a way out.
512
00:32:44,240 --> 00:32:49,120
Of course, this is a well-thought-out
political strategy,
513
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:51,320
but impossible to turn into reality.
514
00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:54,160
Not even with violence.
515
00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:57,720
The people in the GDR
wanted something completely different.
516
00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:05,520
MARCH 14, 1990
517
00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:09,520
HELMUT KOHL IS COMING TO LEIPZIG
518
00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:12,480
IN FRONT OF THE OPERA HOUSE
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 14, 5:00 P.M.
519
00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:15,400
[crowd chanting] Helmut!
520
00:33:21,240 --> 00:33:23,360
[Maier-Witt] What bothered me
back then already
521
00:33:23,440 --> 00:33:27,120
was the idea that everything
that came from the West was good.
522
00:33:27,200 --> 00:33:31,280
That no one scrutinized this,
523
00:33:31,360 --> 00:33:33,400
that no one said,
524
00:33:33,480 --> 00:33:35,120
"Now this is capitalism,
525
00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:37,680
and it isn't good."
526
00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:40,640
[crowd chanting] Helmut!
527
00:33:43,400 --> 00:33:47,400
On March 14, 1883,
528
00:33:47,480 --> 00:33:49,720
Karl Marx died.
529
00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:53,320
On March 14, 1990,
530
00:33:53,400 --> 00:33:55,760
we lay his philosophy to rest.
531
00:33:55,840 --> 00:33:57,160
[crowd cheering]
532
00:33:57,240 --> 00:33:59,520
[Kohl] I want to tell our fellow Germans
in the GDR,
533
00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:04,720
no one will be worse off,
but many will be better off.
534
00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:11,560
[Maier-Witt] It was clear to me
that nothing in the GDR would survive.
535
00:34:11,640 --> 00:34:14,160
So the inevitable happened:
536
00:34:14,240 --> 00:34:16,000
hardware stores opened.
537
00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:21,200
And when the first Coca-Cola cans
were thrown into the streets,
538
00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:23,640
it was clear
that all this stuff had arrived here.
539
00:34:23,720 --> 00:34:25,200
I found it all very disgusting.
540
00:34:25,280 --> 00:34:27,400
And in the supermarket, I thought,
541
00:34:27,480 --> 00:34:29,360
"My goodness! This can't be real!
542
00:34:29,440 --> 00:34:32,920
Who needs
50, 60 different types of yogurt?"
543
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:36,480
Before, in the GDR, we had one
with strawberry flavor and one without.
544
00:34:36,560 --> 00:34:37,840
That sufficed, too!
545
00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:45,360
[woman] The free-market system pretends
to offer people a chance
546
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:49,800
to secure a spot in a wealthy country
called Greater Germany,
547
00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:52,040
and be happy
in the euphoria of consumption.
548
00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:53,680
[crowd cheering]
549
00:34:53,760 --> 00:34:56,760
[woman] When in reality,
the system is designed
550
00:34:56,840 --> 00:34:59,040
to make people ignorant and apathetic.
551
00:34:59,120 --> 00:35:03,880
If security exists at all,
it only exists for those who are prepared
552
00:35:03,960 --> 00:35:07,840
to unconditionally sell themselves off
to a greater degree than others.
553
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:10,800
For most of the humiliated
and insulted people,
554
00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:14,440
this development represents
the destruction of their way of life.
555
00:35:16,720 --> 00:35:18,920
[woman] It was and is state policy,
556
00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:22,400
the notion of "Germany,
our one and only fatherland,"
557
00:35:22,480 --> 00:35:25,320
which made nationalism
socially acceptable again,
558
00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:26,880
especially in the former GDR.
559
00:35:26,960 --> 00:35:31,120
This vitriolic mantra
of "Now we are somebody again!
560
00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:33,880
Finally, we are real Germans!"
561
00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:37,160
[crowd chanting] Germany!
562
00:35:38,360 --> 00:35:41,680
[woman] Since the dissolution of the GDR,
openly racist attacks against refugees
563
00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:44,920
and foreign residents have flared up.
564
00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:48,000
[crowd chanting] Out! Foreigners out!
565
00:35:48,080 --> 00:35:50,640
[woman] Fascist groups have gained
in strength,
566
00:35:50,720 --> 00:35:54,240
resulting in almost daily attacks
against dormitories housing foreigners.
567
00:35:54,320 --> 00:35:58,880
[crowd singing] ♪ Germany above all else ♪
568
00:35:58,960 --> 00:36:03,080
♪ Above the whole wide world ♪
569
00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:09,160
I'm impressed. Chapeau.
What a comprehensive analysis.
570
00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:12,520
And well-written, too.
571
00:36:15,480 --> 00:36:18,480
But it doesn't fit in
with the assassination, does it?
572
00:36:18,560 --> 00:36:22,760
"The creation of revolutionary forces,
uh…"
573
00:36:22,840 --> 00:36:28,520
By killing Rohwedder,
this is not a goal you could have…
574
00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:32,400
uh, reached.
575
00:36:33,040 --> 00:36:35,440
This doesn't make any sense.
576
00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:39,600
[Maier-Witt] Why Rohwedder?
577
00:36:39,680 --> 00:36:44,360
Why him, given all the ideology involved?
578
00:36:44,440 --> 00:36:50,040
He, who wasn't really a hardliner
in the strictest sense.
579
00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:53,680
Nobody can answer this question.
580
00:36:54,520 --> 00:36:59,560
Unless there's a different motivation
behind all this.
581
00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:07,040
[suspenseful music playing]
582
00:37:10,080 --> 00:37:13,800
[Taufer] If this was done by the Stasi
or someone else…
583
00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:19,800
uh, as a copycat action,
well, I'd be impressed.
584
00:37:22,600 --> 00:37:24,800
[Matschke] The RAF was an ideal scapegoat.
585
00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:28,760
The RAF was always blamed
whenever an attack took place.
586
00:37:28,840 --> 00:37:35,120
Whenever something happened back then,
the word was: RAF.
587
00:37:37,240 --> 00:37:40,160
But one must try to embrace
588
00:37:40,240 --> 00:37:44,880
this endless adventure called thinking:
589
00:37:44,960 --> 00:37:46,680
who benefits?
590
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:56,000
[ominous music playing]