1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:26,137 --> 00:00:29,275 [man 1] Good evening, a great white shark has been hunted, caught 4 00:00:29,310 --> 00:00:32,517 and killed after a horrifying attack near Mandurah. 5 00:00:32,551 --> 00:00:35,103 The shark was hooked on drumlines off Falcon 6 00:00:35,137 --> 00:00:36,517 and towed out to sea, 7 00:00:36,551 --> 00:00:37,965 but there's no confirmation 8 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:41,068 it was the shark that attacked the surfer. 9 00:00:41,103 --> 00:00:45,103 [Eric Bana] Our whole lives, we've been taught to fear them. 10 00:00:45,137 --> 00:00:47,137 Good evening, two surfers have been injured. 11 00:00:47,172 --> 00:00:48,862 -A shark attack. -Multiple attacks. 12 00:00:48,896 --> 00:00:51,517 -Bitten by a shark. -Mauled by a shark. 13 00:00:51,551 --> 00:00:56,689 [Bana] Monsters, murderers, man-eaters. 14 00:00:56,724 --> 00:00:58,172 -Shark attack. -Shark attacks. 15 00:00:58,206 --> 00:00:59,793 -A shark attack. -Two shark attacks. 16 00:00:59,827 --> 00:01:01,379 [man 1] Terror in the shallows. 17 00:01:01,413 --> 00:01:03,896 [Bana] But what if we've been taught wrong? 18 00:01:03,931 --> 00:01:06,724 What if the very thing you were taught to fear 19 00:01:06,758 --> 00:01:08,758 had more to fear from us? 20 00:01:08,793 --> 00:01:10,103 -Great white... -[man] Shark attack... 21 00:01:10,137 --> 00:01:11,172 -A great white... -Shark attack. 22 00:01:11,206 --> 00:01:12,896 -[woman] Two shark attacks. -Bitten by a shark. 23 00:01:12,931 --> 00:01:15,862 [Bana] What if we knew we had a greater chance of being killed 24 00:01:15,896 --> 00:01:18,275 by almost any other animal on Earth 25 00:01:18,310 --> 00:01:22,551 than by one of nature's oldest and most evolved species? 26 00:01:22,586 --> 00:01:24,172 -Bitten by [inaudible]. -Shark attack. 27 00:01:24,206 --> 00:01:27,620 [indistinct conversations] 28 00:01:27,655 --> 00:01:31,827 [Bana] What if our ignorance is about to wipe them out? 29 00:01:31,862 --> 00:01:35,827 Not in 100 years, not in 50 years. 30 00:01:36,862 --> 00:01:41,034 This generation. Right now. 31 00:01:45,586 --> 00:01:48,137 They can't speak for themselves. 32 00:01:48,172 --> 00:01:52,068 So we must be their envoy. 33 00:01:56,103 --> 00:01:59,793 [mellow theme music playing] 34 00:02:21,965 --> 00:02:23,724 [Layne Beachley] I feel that one of the greatest ways 35 00:02:23,758 --> 00:02:27,517 that we can overcome our fear of the unknown is get to know it. 36 00:02:27,551 --> 00:02:28,965 One of the greatest ways 37 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:31,241 I've been able to reduce my fear of sharks, 38 00:02:31,275 --> 00:02:33,034 is swimming with them. 39 00:02:33,068 --> 00:02:36,793 Getting to understand their gentle, curious nature, 40 00:02:36,827 --> 00:02:39,137 it was one of the most beautiful things 41 00:02:39,172 --> 00:02:40,241 I ever had to do 42 00:02:40,275 --> 00:02:42,275 was just actually sit underneath a bull shark 43 00:02:42,310 --> 00:02:45,034 and watch it gracefully glide around over the top of me, 44 00:02:45,068 --> 00:02:46,310 it was just so beautiful. 45 00:02:46,344 --> 00:02:50,551 I never ever have experienced a fear of a shark since then. 46 00:03:01,586 --> 00:03:03,965 [Juan Oliphant] So pretty much, you know, raised in Hawaii 47 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:05,551 since I was two. 48 00:03:05,586 --> 00:03:08,758 You know, I had seen them as a lot as a kid, you know, spearfishing, 49 00:03:08,793 --> 00:03:11,482 and I still was really, really kind of a afraid of them. 50 00:03:11,517 --> 00:03:14,689 But it wasn't until I had a really bad accident where I broke my back. 51 00:03:14,724 --> 00:03:18,620 And it left me paralyzed for almost a good portion 52 00:03:18,655 --> 00:03:22,620 of three or four months and the remedy that really, 53 00:03:22,655 --> 00:03:25,862 that made the healing process get better was the diving. 54 00:03:27,896 --> 00:03:29,965 And so now I was getting engaged in diving, 55 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,137 like almost every day trying to get my back to normal. 56 00:03:33,172 --> 00:03:36,379 And the interactions with sharks were a little bit more consistent, 57 00:03:36,413 --> 00:03:38,137 and they were far, far, far 58 00:03:38,172 --> 00:03:40,862 from what I was told what I saw on TV, you know, 59 00:03:40,896 --> 00:03:43,689 and they were more scared of me than I was of it 60 00:03:43,724 --> 00:03:45,586 and that kind of like, created this passion 61 00:03:45,620 --> 00:03:48,241 and desire to want to learn more. 62 00:03:48,275 --> 00:03:50,896 It's that fear of the unknown, you know, for most people, 63 00:03:50,931 --> 00:03:53,517 and then you have other people trying to fill in the gaps 64 00:03:53,551 --> 00:03:55,103 with that lack of information. 65 00:03:55,137 --> 00:03:58,034 [waves splashing] 66 00:04:02,862 --> 00:04:06,344 So I think a lot of the public fear all has to do with fear of the unknown. 67 00:04:06,379 --> 00:04:09,931 It's that dark basement, or what you can't see in the water, 68 00:04:09,965 --> 00:04:12,482 and the more we understand about sharks 69 00:04:12,517 --> 00:04:14,551 and their motivations and the behaviors, 70 00:04:14,586 --> 00:04:17,034 the more that fear just dissolves away. 71 00:04:17,068 --> 00:04:19,655 I've been with HSI for almost two years now, 72 00:04:19,689 --> 00:04:22,448 I'm a marine biologist and ocean campaigner. 73 00:04:22,482 --> 00:04:26,310 There's been this massive divide lately between science 74 00:04:26,344 --> 00:04:28,931 and between what's been accepted or what's taken as fact. 75 00:04:28,965 --> 00:04:31,482 And I think just as important as pushing forward 76 00:04:31,517 --> 00:04:34,379 our knowledge and continuing to do science and research, 77 00:04:34,413 --> 00:04:36,137 it's important to bridge that gap. 78 00:04:47,068 --> 00:04:50,655 There's something about, you know, when you're 20 meters underwater, 79 00:04:50,689 --> 00:04:53,620 and you're sitting there with the sharks, they come past you 80 00:04:53,655 --> 00:04:56,379 and their eye swivels around and definitely looks at you. 81 00:04:56,413 --> 00:04:57,896 There's that awareness there. 82 00:04:57,931 --> 00:05:02,689 And it's so calming and quite lovely. 83 00:05:08,655 --> 00:05:11,758 Part of my mission and a lot of scientists out there 84 00:05:11,793 --> 00:05:14,344 and conservationists, and even people who just love sharks 85 00:05:14,379 --> 00:05:15,517 and just love talking about the them, 86 00:05:15,551 --> 00:05:18,137 is to really sell the truth of it. 87 00:05:18,172 --> 00:05:20,758 We've got over 320 odd species of sharks 88 00:05:20,793 --> 00:05:22,310 and Rays in Australia. 89 00:05:22,344 --> 00:05:25,206 You know, half of them aren't found anywhere else in the world. 90 00:05:25,241 --> 00:05:28,827 And the go to species that everyone thinks of 91 00:05:28,862 --> 00:05:30,862 are your tiger sharks, great whites, 92 00:05:30,896 --> 00:05:33,689 are your whale sharks, which are amazing, 93 00:05:33,724 --> 00:05:36,896 and incredibly beautiful in their own right. 94 00:05:36,931 --> 00:05:40,172 But there's also these other species that were just... 95 00:05:40,206 --> 00:05:42,172 the majority people I don't think are aware of. 96 00:05:47,310 --> 00:05:50,000 I grew up in the ocean, and I got to see sharks 97 00:05:50,034 --> 00:05:51,517 for what they naturally were, 98 00:05:51,551 --> 00:05:54,172 which is absolutely beautiful and fascinating. 99 00:05:54,206 --> 00:05:57,206 And as I grew up, I realized how important they were. 100 00:05:57,241 --> 00:05:59,172 I went to school for marine biology. 101 00:05:59,206 --> 00:06:00,896 And as I traveled around the world 102 00:06:00,931 --> 00:06:03,034 and worked around the world, I realized that people 103 00:06:03,068 --> 00:06:06,655 had a very heavy damaging misconception of them, 104 00:06:06,689 --> 00:06:09,068 and that they're actually the real victims 105 00:06:09,103 --> 00:06:11,206 and the ones that have something to fear. 106 00:06:15,724 --> 00:06:17,620 I think for a very long time, 107 00:06:17,655 --> 00:06:18,965 people didn't know very much about sharks. 108 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:21,793 So it's very easy to be afraid of them, 109 00:06:21,827 --> 00:06:24,448 you're afraid naturally of something that you don't know. 110 00:06:32,827 --> 00:06:34,827 [Holly Richmond] When you see sharks under the water, 111 00:06:34,862 --> 00:06:37,000 they're just so majestic 112 00:06:37,034 --> 00:06:39,206 and actually a lot more scared of us 113 00:06:39,241 --> 00:06:41,827 than what you know what we typically are of them as well. 114 00:06:41,862 --> 00:06:44,172 So getting to know sharks under the water 115 00:06:44,206 --> 00:06:46,896 is probably the best way to meet sharks 116 00:06:46,931 --> 00:06:48,034 and understand them. 117 00:06:54,793 --> 00:06:57,206 There was this moment when I was about 15 years old, 118 00:06:57,241 --> 00:07:00,241 and I was diving with two really big tiger sharks. 119 00:07:00,275 --> 00:07:03,862 And it was just amazing, it was late in the afternoon, the light was beautiful, 120 00:07:03,896 --> 00:07:05,655 and then suddenly they disappeared. 121 00:07:05,689 --> 00:07:07,000 So there's this is anticipation, 122 00:07:07,034 --> 00:07:08,551 and all of a sudden out of the corner of this 123 00:07:08,586 --> 00:07:10,137 great hammerhead swims through, 124 00:07:10,172 --> 00:07:12,310 the middle of the water column, 125 00:07:12,344 --> 00:07:14,379 and its head was as wide as I was tall. 126 00:07:14,413 --> 00:07:16,896 And at first I thought it was a whale, it was that big. 127 00:07:16,931 --> 00:07:19,137 And this creature, this massive creature 128 00:07:19,172 --> 00:07:23,241 that I had been kind of taught by society my entire life to be scared of, 129 00:07:23,275 --> 00:07:25,793 just passed through and didn't even pay attention to me 130 00:07:25,827 --> 00:07:27,034 and it was one of the greatest things 131 00:07:27,068 --> 00:07:29,137 I had ever seen in my entire life. 132 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:34,241 [waves splashing] 133 00:07:39,689 --> 00:07:42,413 I grew up on the Gold Coast I've been here my entire life. 134 00:07:42,448 --> 00:07:44,000 It's been home. 135 00:07:44,034 --> 00:07:45,862 And I feel like when I was a kid, 136 00:07:45,896 --> 00:07:47,689 I was the only person looking out to sea, 137 00:07:47,724 --> 00:07:49,103 seeing the shark nets and drum lines 138 00:07:49,137 --> 00:07:52,862 and thinking what on earth is going on here? 139 00:07:52,896 --> 00:07:54,965 [Jonathan Clark] When I got involved in the chapter in Brisbane, 140 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:58,620 I didn't have a lot of knowledge about nets and drum lines. 141 00:07:58,655 --> 00:08:01,965 I was probably typical of a lot of the population. 142 00:08:03,724 --> 00:08:07,689 [Tom Carroll] I learned to surf on this beach, in that water 143 00:08:07,724 --> 00:08:11,172 starting around seven years of age. 144 00:08:11,206 --> 00:08:14,241 To be honest I've never even thought about the shark nets. 145 00:08:15,137 --> 00:08:18,275 I used to use the buoys to paddle around 146 00:08:18,310 --> 00:08:21,448 when we were doing a lot of open ocean paddling. 147 00:08:25,517 --> 00:08:27,931 [Holly] I've been assisting Humpback Whale Research 148 00:08:27,965 --> 00:08:31,620 for the past four years, and particularly on the east coast of Australia, 149 00:08:31,655 --> 00:08:34,448 humpback whales are becoming entangled in shark nets. 150 00:08:34,482 --> 00:08:36,758 And that sparked my interest with shark nets 151 00:08:36,793 --> 00:08:39,172 and exactly what are they and what are the aims 152 00:08:39,206 --> 00:08:40,689 and the methods of this program? 153 00:08:40,724 --> 00:08:43,862 So I basically took the initiative to go out there 154 00:08:43,896 --> 00:08:46,000 and get a view for myself of exactly 155 00:08:46,034 --> 00:08:48,000 what's happening beneath the surface. 156 00:08:50,655 --> 00:08:53,000 The biggest misconception that people have 157 00:08:53,034 --> 00:08:54,655 towards the Shark Control Program 158 00:08:54,689 --> 00:08:55,931 is that a lot of people think 159 00:08:55,965 --> 00:08:58,482 that it's a physical barrier between them 160 00:08:58,517 --> 00:09:00,931 and the open ocean. 161 00:09:00,965 --> 00:09:05,689 People aren't aware that this device is a fishing device, 162 00:09:05,724 --> 00:09:08,344 it's there to capture and to kill passing sharks 163 00:09:08,379 --> 00:09:10,793 and I think a lot of people are surprised 164 00:09:10,827 --> 00:09:13,758 when they realize that it's not a physical barrier 165 00:09:13,793 --> 00:09:15,586 that is completely enclosed 166 00:09:15,620 --> 00:09:18,068 or it doesn't touch the bottom of the ocean. 167 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:23,965 [Bana] Bright buoys visible from the shore in the air, 168 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:26,551 draw a line through the ocean, 169 00:09:26,586 --> 00:09:30,517 between the comfort of the shallows and the mystery of the deep. 170 00:09:32,965 --> 00:09:35,931 Not many people know exactly what they are, 171 00:09:35,965 --> 00:09:40,448 or how they work, just told that it keeps them safe. 172 00:09:40,482 --> 00:09:43,965 Even fewer people know the truth. 173 00:10:00,206 --> 00:10:03,241 [man 2] Australian beaches renowned for their long unbroken 174 00:10:03,275 --> 00:10:05,310 surf line and clean white gold sand 175 00:10:05,344 --> 00:10:06,965 are among the most beautiful in the world. 176 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:10,310 This lovely beach is a typical example. 177 00:10:10,344 --> 00:10:12,655 [Bana] Shark nets were first introduced off the east coast 178 00:10:12,689 --> 00:10:15,482 of Australia in 1937, 179 00:10:15,517 --> 00:10:19,448 with drumlines following soon after. 180 00:10:19,482 --> 00:10:22,172 It's the very same decade Qantas first started flying 181 00:10:22,206 --> 00:10:24,586 between Australia and London. 182 00:10:24,620 --> 00:10:27,551 Flights could fit just ten passengers, 183 00:10:27,586 --> 00:10:32,689 had 21 stopovers, and took a total of 12 days. 184 00:10:32,724 --> 00:10:36,034 Our world has evolved beyond recognition since then, 185 00:10:36,068 --> 00:10:40,931 but shark nets and drumlines have stayed fundamentally the same. 186 00:10:42,793 --> 00:10:47,344 Shark nets in Queensland are 186 meters wide by six meters, 187 00:10:47,379 --> 00:10:51,000 hang from the surface, and sit in water 12 meters deep. 188 00:10:55,827 --> 00:11:00,724 Shark nets in New South Wales are 150 meters by six meters 189 00:11:00,758 --> 00:11:04,655 are anchored to the sea floor, also in water 12 meters deep. 190 00:11:05,862 --> 00:11:08,896 Both programs cover only a tiny portion 191 00:11:08,931 --> 00:11:10,344 of any given beach, 192 00:11:10,379 --> 00:11:13,275 allowing sharks ample opportunity to swim over, 193 00:11:13,310 --> 00:11:17,413 under, around, and towards beaches. 194 00:11:17,448 --> 00:11:20,206 In fact, a high percentage of sharks 195 00:11:20,241 --> 00:11:22,379 are caught inside the nets. 196 00:11:22,413 --> 00:11:24,448 They've already been to the beach, 197 00:11:24,482 --> 00:11:28,000 and are peacefully making their way back out to sea. 198 00:11:29,724 --> 00:11:33,206 Drumlines use a large buoy on the surface 199 00:11:33,241 --> 00:11:36,586 to suspend a baited industrial fishing hook 200 00:11:36,620 --> 00:11:39,931 dangling below on heavy duty chains. 201 00:11:39,965 --> 00:11:42,655 They chum the waters, attracting sharks, 202 00:11:42,689 --> 00:11:44,758 in the hopes of hooking them. 203 00:11:45,931 --> 00:11:48,275 If anyone in a snorkel and fins can navigate 204 00:11:48,310 --> 00:11:50,068 around this technology, 205 00:11:50,103 --> 00:11:52,482 why would we think that sharks can't? 206 00:11:53,965 --> 00:11:56,551 People think that shark incidents are happening 207 00:11:56,586 --> 00:11:58,965 at a higher rate than what they really are. 208 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:03,137 Being bitten by a shark is extremely unlikely. 209 00:12:03,172 --> 00:12:07,241 Unfortunately, when there is a shark bite incident, 210 00:12:07,275 --> 00:12:09,034 the media jump onto this 211 00:12:09,068 --> 00:12:12,241 and they report it over and over again. 212 00:12:12,275 --> 00:12:13,620 There's a rogue shark out there, 213 00:12:13,655 --> 00:12:15,034 the Jawsmentality, right? 214 00:12:15,068 --> 00:12:16,586 That it's got to taste for human blood, 215 00:12:16,620 --> 00:12:18,275 and it's not gonna stop until you know, 216 00:12:18,310 --> 00:12:21,275 so it's just like that kind of mentality, 217 00:12:21,310 --> 00:12:24,172 it's so false, and it's like a lie basically, 218 00:12:24,206 --> 00:12:26,344 you know, when it comes down to it. 219 00:12:26,379 --> 00:12:29,103 [woman 1] When I've seen or heard on the news that there was 220 00:12:29,137 --> 00:12:32,241 a shark attack, my heart fully sinks 221 00:12:32,275 --> 00:12:35,344 and it's a really terrible feeling because 222 00:12:35,379 --> 00:12:38,586 one, you know, that someone's just been through something traumatic 223 00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:40,413 and the media has taken advantage of that. 224 00:12:40,448 --> 00:12:43,379 And two, you know that that means bad news for sharks. 225 00:12:44,620 --> 00:12:46,586 [woman 2] Trauma and sensationalism sells. 226 00:12:46,620 --> 00:12:50,034 And so for generations now, the media has capitalized off 227 00:12:50,068 --> 00:12:51,758 of demonizing them. 228 00:12:53,517 --> 00:12:55,275 [Dr. Leonardo Guida] Drone footage is now coming out, 229 00:12:55,310 --> 00:12:56,689 particularly from New South Wales, 230 00:12:56,724 --> 00:12:58,000 and the photography is awesome. 231 00:12:58,034 --> 00:13:00,344 I mean, the colors, shapes, and you see surfers 232 00:13:00,379 --> 00:13:02,379 and you see the silhouette of a shark in the water 233 00:13:02,413 --> 00:13:05,034 and the headline is "Shark stalks surfer". 234 00:13:05,068 --> 00:13:08,241 And it's like, no, the sharks just doing its thing. 235 00:13:08,275 --> 00:13:10,448 It probably hasn't even seen the surfer. 236 00:13:10,482 --> 00:13:13,206 [Jonathan] The number of times that negative language 237 00:13:13,241 --> 00:13:17,241 about sharks is repeated for every shark bite incident. 238 00:13:17,275 --> 00:13:20,241 The number of reports is astounding. 239 00:13:20,275 --> 00:13:23,000 The average is in the 30s. 240 00:13:23,034 --> 00:13:24,724 [Lawrence Chlebeck] But the media will report on them 241 00:13:24,758 --> 00:13:26,965 because these incidents can be tragic. 242 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:28,448 They can be traumatic. 243 00:13:28,482 --> 00:13:31,586 We hear words like maul, man eater, attack, 244 00:13:31,620 --> 00:13:33,000 but more accurately, 245 00:13:33,034 --> 00:13:35,896 these interactions are classified as just that, interactions. 246 00:13:35,931 --> 00:13:38,517 It's a bump or an investigative bite. 247 00:13:38,551 --> 00:13:41,724 We all understand that those bites can be very tragic 248 00:13:41,758 --> 00:13:44,862 and traumatic, but it's very, very rarely, 249 00:13:44,896 --> 00:13:46,793 and almost never, an actual attack. 250 00:13:46,827 --> 00:13:49,482 And that feeds into the public psyche, of what they think. 251 00:13:49,517 --> 00:13:51,896 They think the sharks are out there hunting them. 252 00:13:51,931 --> 00:13:54,931 And that's really not at all what's happening. 253 00:13:54,965 --> 00:13:58,310 [Ocean Ramsey] The tolerance that sharks show for humans 254 00:13:58,344 --> 00:14:01,379 being such capable predators as they are, 255 00:14:01,413 --> 00:14:04,379 it never ceases to astonish me 256 00:14:04,413 --> 00:14:06,172 and people don't give them credit for that. 257 00:14:06,206 --> 00:14:08,034 They swim past surfers, swimmers, and divers 258 00:14:08,068 --> 00:14:09,034 all day, every day. 259 00:14:09,068 --> 00:14:11,137 And it's so rare that they make a mistake. 260 00:14:11,172 --> 00:14:13,586 You think about how many mistakes humans make. 261 00:14:13,620 --> 00:14:16,137 And it's just... I wish that they got that credit, 262 00:14:16,172 --> 00:14:17,689 and that made the news, 263 00:14:17,724 --> 00:14:19,482 because that's something that happens every day, 264 00:14:19,517 --> 00:14:22,827 and not the extremely rare mistaken identity bite. 265 00:14:31,862 --> 00:14:34,103 I used to be terrified of sharks. 266 00:14:34,137 --> 00:14:36,931 Uh, I didn't really know anything about them 267 00:14:36,965 --> 00:14:38,413 except for what the media told me 268 00:14:38,448 --> 00:14:40,896 and that was always gnashing teeth 269 00:14:40,931 --> 00:14:42,413 and blood and fear. 270 00:14:42,448 --> 00:14:45,206 And so I fed into that. 271 00:14:45,241 --> 00:14:47,965 In 2005, I ended up passing a selection course 272 00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:49,344 for the Navy clearance divers 273 00:14:49,379 --> 00:14:51,413 and started a whole new career, 274 00:14:51,448 --> 00:14:54,448 and I didn't just find my dream job, 275 00:14:54,482 --> 00:14:56,103 I found my dream life. 276 00:14:57,724 --> 00:14:59,482 In 2009, 277 00:14:59,517 --> 00:15:02,931 I had been a clearance diver for about four years, 278 00:15:02,965 --> 00:15:07,758 and every single time, honestly, I got in the water, 279 00:15:07,793 --> 00:15:09,344 I had sharks on the brain. 280 00:15:09,379 --> 00:15:10,827 Even though sharks terrified me, 281 00:15:10,862 --> 00:15:13,586 I had a focus to get that out of my mind. 282 00:15:14,586 --> 00:15:16,862 I was swimming in the water on the surface 283 00:15:16,896 --> 00:15:20,862 right in Sydney Harbor, right alongside the Navy base. 284 00:15:20,896 --> 00:15:23,172 And I was on my back, on the surface, 285 00:15:23,206 --> 00:15:26,482 kicking my legs, doing what we call finning. 286 00:15:26,517 --> 00:15:28,655 I was facing the other direction, 287 00:15:28,689 --> 00:15:30,793 making sure I was headed towards the warship 288 00:15:30,827 --> 00:15:31,896 where I was supposed to be going 289 00:15:31,931 --> 00:15:34,620 and I felt this massive whack in my leg. 290 00:15:34,655 --> 00:15:37,551 And I turned back around and came face to face 291 00:15:37,586 --> 00:15:42,241 with a massive shark's head and I didn't know what to do. 292 00:15:42,275 --> 00:15:45,758 I'd never even seen a big, dangerous shark before. 293 00:15:45,793 --> 00:15:48,413 And then all of a sudden, it's attached to me. 294 00:15:48,448 --> 00:15:50,206 My survival instincts kicked in. 295 00:15:50,241 --> 00:15:51,793 I thought I've got to get this thing off me. 296 00:15:51,827 --> 00:15:54,172 But I couldn't move my arm 297 00:15:54,206 --> 00:15:55,965 because my hand was in its mouth. 298 00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:57,689 And so I grabbed it by the nose 299 00:15:57,724 --> 00:15:59,689 and I tried to lever it off my leg 300 00:15:59,724 --> 00:16:02,310 but all that did was push the teeth of the lower jaw 301 00:16:02,344 --> 00:16:03,586 deeper into my leg. 302 00:16:04,379 --> 00:16:06,517 So in a last ditch effort, 303 00:16:06,551 --> 00:16:08,551 I cocked back to punch it in the nose, 304 00:16:08,586 --> 00:16:10,758 and it started to shake me 305 00:16:10,793 --> 00:16:15,068 and I can't even tell you how painful this was. 306 00:16:15,827 --> 00:16:17,448 It took me underwater, 307 00:16:17,482 --> 00:16:19,379 and I wasn't just in pain, I was terrified. 308 00:16:19,413 --> 00:16:23,137 This was my worst nightmare. And I thought I was gonna die. 309 00:16:26,034 --> 00:16:29,068 The shark's tail splashed water into my face 310 00:16:29,103 --> 00:16:31,206 and kind of shook me back to reality. 311 00:16:31,241 --> 00:16:34,000 And I realized, "Oh, I'm not dead." 312 00:16:34,034 --> 00:16:36,448 And I thought I've gotta get back to the safety boat. 313 00:16:36,482 --> 00:16:38,034 So my laser-like focus, 314 00:16:38,068 --> 00:16:40,448 all that navy training and army training kicked in. 315 00:16:40,482 --> 00:16:44,931 My sole entire mission was to get back to that boat. 316 00:16:44,965 --> 00:16:47,413 As soon as the guys pulled me into the boat, 317 00:16:47,448 --> 00:16:48,586 I just relaxed. 318 00:16:48,620 --> 00:16:50,896 Just for the simple fact that I was safe, 319 00:16:50,931 --> 00:16:54,172 my eyes rolled back in my head and I passed out, 320 00:16:54,206 --> 00:16:57,448 and my mate Tommo sprang into action. 321 00:16:57,482 --> 00:16:59,586 And his medical training told him 322 00:16:59,620 --> 00:17:01,724 that I was going into cardiac arrest. 323 00:17:01,758 --> 00:17:04,827 And so he straddled me and started pummeling me in the chest 324 00:17:04,862 --> 00:17:07,310 trying to stimulate my heart to wake me back up, 325 00:17:07,344 --> 00:17:08,827 and it worked. 326 00:17:08,862 --> 00:17:11,379 And I woke up, and I looked over, 327 00:17:11,413 --> 00:17:13,793 and my hand was gone. 328 00:17:14,379 --> 00:17:15,862 And I looked up, 329 00:17:15,896 --> 00:17:19,068 and Tommo was beating the crap out of me. 330 00:17:19,103 --> 00:17:21,172 And I just thought, "Today sucks." 331 00:17:25,931 --> 00:17:27,000 After the shark attack, 332 00:17:27,034 --> 00:17:28,241 the media was coming to me 333 00:17:28,275 --> 00:17:31,068 to talk about shark interactions all around Australia. 334 00:17:31,103 --> 00:17:32,551 And so I had to learn, 335 00:17:32,586 --> 00:17:34,206 so that I knew what I was talking about. 336 00:17:34,241 --> 00:17:38,413 I can give an educated opinion instead of just an opinion. 337 00:17:38,448 --> 00:17:40,103 And through doing that research 338 00:17:40,137 --> 00:17:41,896 and building that knowledge on sharks, 339 00:17:41,931 --> 00:17:44,103 I started to learn about the plight of sharks, 340 00:17:44,137 --> 00:17:46,310 about how much strife they're in, 341 00:17:46,344 --> 00:17:49,034 about what we do to them. 342 00:17:49,068 --> 00:17:52,068 And the old adage goes, knowledge dispels fear, 343 00:17:52,103 --> 00:17:53,689 and that was so true for me. 344 00:18:09,965 --> 00:18:12,310 [Jonathan] The title of the program in New South Wales 345 00:18:12,344 --> 00:18:14,931 is the Bather Protection Program. 346 00:18:14,965 --> 00:18:16,137 There is the underlying message, 347 00:18:16,172 --> 00:18:17,344 "We're the government, 348 00:18:17,379 --> 00:18:21,620 and we are keeping you safe from this big, scary thing." 349 00:18:21,655 --> 00:18:23,068 In Queensland, 350 00:18:23,103 --> 00:18:24,862 we call it the Shark Control Program. 351 00:18:24,896 --> 00:18:27,206 I defy anyone to control a shark. 352 00:18:27,241 --> 00:18:28,551 How do you control 353 00:18:28,586 --> 00:18:30,517 one of the greatest animals in the ocean? 354 00:18:30,551 --> 00:18:32,034 How do you do that? 355 00:18:34,793 --> 00:18:36,827 [Dr. Leonardo] So the Shark Control Program in Queensland, 356 00:18:36,862 --> 00:18:38,448 and I hate using the word "Control", 357 00:18:38,482 --> 00:18:40,172 because you cannot control an animal. 358 00:18:40,206 --> 00:18:43,000 But for the lack of a better phrase, 359 00:18:43,034 --> 00:18:45,517 the Shark Control Program in Queensland as it stands, 360 00:18:45,551 --> 00:18:48,310 its intention is to kill sharks, to cull them. 361 00:18:50,965 --> 00:18:53,827 My first time swimming with a tiger shark 362 00:18:53,862 --> 00:18:56,310 was on a drumline on the Gold Coast, 363 00:18:56,344 --> 00:19:00,241 and she was 364 00:19:00,275 --> 00:19:03,482 literally taking her last breaths in front of us. 365 00:19:07,241 --> 00:19:09,793 She been hanging there for quite some time. 366 00:19:09,827 --> 00:19:12,068 Uh, probably early hours in the morning 367 00:19:12,103 --> 00:19:15,275 and she was suffocating on this drumline 368 00:19:15,310 --> 00:19:18,586 and I was able to get really close to her 369 00:19:18,620 --> 00:19:20,517 and I couldn't... 370 00:19:20,551 --> 00:19:24,137 Looking at the details of this animal was insane, 371 00:19:24,172 --> 00:19:26,758 the patterns on their skin. 372 00:19:26,793 --> 00:19:29,620 And people always refer to shark's eyes 373 00:19:29,655 --> 00:19:33,172 to be lifeless and soulless and dark and black. 374 00:19:33,206 --> 00:19:37,655 But looking at her eyes, they were light colored brown 375 00:19:37,689 --> 00:19:40,517 and they were so beautiful and deep. 376 00:19:40,551 --> 00:19:42,758 You could be looking into the eyes of a turtle 377 00:19:42,793 --> 00:19:44,620 or your own dog at home. 378 00:19:46,241 --> 00:19:48,758 That moment really made me 379 00:19:48,793 --> 00:19:50,620 feel connected to these animals 380 00:19:50,655 --> 00:19:53,275 and made me realize that... 381 00:19:53,310 --> 00:19:55,068 they're just crying for help, 382 00:19:55,103 --> 00:19:58,689 and we're just endlessly killing them out there. 383 00:19:58,724 --> 00:20:02,206 I've seen multiple tiger sharks hooked on drumlines. 384 00:20:02,241 --> 00:20:05,103 In fact, the first one that I ever saw in Australia 385 00:20:05,137 --> 00:20:06,758 was hooked on a drumline, 386 00:20:06,793 --> 00:20:09,620 and it was very difficult for me to film 387 00:20:09,655 --> 00:20:12,517 because I got in the water with it thinking it was dead, 388 00:20:12,551 --> 00:20:13,965 but then its eye was still moving, 389 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:16,241 so it was just this animal that I'd always associated 390 00:20:16,275 --> 00:20:18,827 with such power and presence in the ocean. 391 00:20:18,862 --> 00:20:21,103 And it was just like laying there, dead. 392 00:20:21,137 --> 00:20:22,620 It was like going into your yard 393 00:20:22,655 --> 00:20:25,965 and seeing your own pet dog hooked up on a drumline. 394 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:29,000 Most people talk about getting in the water with sharks for the first time 395 00:20:29,034 --> 00:20:32,068 and their hands are sweaty and their heart's racing and they're freaking out. 396 00:20:32,103 --> 00:20:34,310 That's exactly how I felt when I got out of the water 397 00:20:34,344 --> 00:20:35,793 after filming a dead one. 398 00:20:35,827 --> 00:20:37,827 My heart was racing, my hands were sweating. 399 00:20:37,862 --> 00:20:39,241 It was terrifying. 400 00:20:39,275 --> 00:20:41,344 It was the only time I've been in the water with a shark 401 00:20:41,379 --> 00:20:44,517 that I was truly unable to control my reaction. 402 00:20:44,551 --> 00:20:48,965 Seeing that animal dead on a drumline was really sad 403 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:50,379 and really horrific. 404 00:20:50,413 --> 00:20:53,137 And the saddest thing about all of it 405 00:20:53,172 --> 00:20:54,517 is living in a country 406 00:20:54,551 --> 00:20:57,310 where people kind of rooted that on 407 00:20:57,344 --> 00:20:58,620 and wanted that to happen, 408 00:20:58,655 --> 00:21:00,586 and in their eyes, that was a good thing. 409 00:23:06,655 --> 00:23:08,793 [Bana] For 83 years and counting, 410 00:23:08,827 --> 00:23:11,620 we've been running the world's longest marine cull. 411 00:23:12,931 --> 00:23:15,620 These culling programs off Australian shores 412 00:23:15,655 --> 00:23:19,724 add to the millions of sharks killed globally each year. 413 00:23:19,758 --> 00:23:22,896 However, unlike the fishing industry, 414 00:23:22,931 --> 00:23:25,551 these culling programs specifically aim 415 00:23:25,586 --> 00:23:29,172 to kill some endangered and protected species. 416 00:23:29,206 --> 00:23:30,896 Like the Great White. 417 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:33,896 Unlike regular fishing, 418 00:23:33,931 --> 00:23:36,379 there are no size limits in these culls. 419 00:23:36,413 --> 00:23:39,586 Making juveniles, who haven't reached breeding age yet, 420 00:23:39,620 --> 00:23:41,551 fair game, 421 00:23:41,586 --> 00:23:44,586 decimating an already threatened population 422 00:23:44,620 --> 00:23:46,344 in the name of safety. 423 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:58,655 [Paul] I understand that parents and surfers 424 00:23:58,689 --> 00:24:01,551 and everyone that frequents the beach in Australia 425 00:24:01,586 --> 00:24:03,344 wants to remain safe. 426 00:24:03,379 --> 00:24:06,586 I don't want anyone to get attacked either. Trust me, it hurts. 427 00:24:06,620 --> 00:24:07,758 I don't want anyone getting hurt. 428 00:24:07,793 --> 00:24:09,379 I don't want anyone dying. 429 00:24:09,413 --> 00:24:10,758 The problem that I have 430 00:24:10,793 --> 00:24:15,034 with the culling of sharks around Australia is that... 431 00:24:15,068 --> 00:24:18,827 it's not a solution by any means. 432 00:24:18,862 --> 00:24:22,413 It's a false sense of security at best, 433 00:24:22,448 --> 00:24:25,862 which is only lulling people more into the ocean 434 00:24:25,896 --> 00:24:27,413 to risk their lives. 435 00:24:27,448 --> 00:24:29,793 The nets that they have around Australia, 436 00:24:29,827 --> 00:24:32,689 especially Queensland and New South Wales, 437 00:24:32,724 --> 00:24:34,793 they don't go to the bottom of the ocean, 438 00:24:34,827 --> 00:24:36,586 they don't go to the top of the water, 439 00:24:36,620 --> 00:24:38,413 they don't span the whole beach. 440 00:24:38,448 --> 00:24:41,724 The sharks can swim around it, over it, and under it, 441 00:24:41,758 --> 00:24:43,793 and there's nothing stopping them 442 00:24:43,827 --> 00:24:45,448 from getting to the beach. 443 00:24:45,482 --> 00:24:47,137 Now I understand they've put them in there 444 00:24:47,172 --> 00:24:49,827 to maybe take out a few of the sharks 445 00:24:49,862 --> 00:24:51,000 that are hanging around, 446 00:24:51,034 --> 00:24:56,310 but sharks don't domesticate one area, they migrate. 447 00:24:56,344 --> 00:24:59,413 These sharks that are swimming through Australian waters, 448 00:24:59,448 --> 00:25:02,448 especially the Great Whites that we're killing, 449 00:25:02,482 --> 00:25:04,827 they don't belong to Australia. 450 00:25:04,862 --> 00:25:08,551 They'll swim... They've been known to swim all the way to Hawaii. 451 00:25:08,586 --> 00:25:10,620 They swim all the way down the coast, 452 00:25:10,655 --> 00:25:12,310 all the way down to New Zealand. 453 00:25:12,344 --> 00:25:14,034 They interbreed down there. 454 00:25:14,068 --> 00:25:16,275 They swim back up the coast, they follow the whales, 455 00:25:16,310 --> 00:25:17,517 they follow the fish. 456 00:25:17,551 --> 00:25:19,344 They're the ocean sharks. They're the world's sharks. 457 00:25:19,379 --> 00:25:22,034 They're not Australia's property to kill. 458 00:25:22,068 --> 00:25:23,241 And this is what happens 459 00:25:23,275 --> 00:25:25,241 when you have government ministers 460 00:25:25,275 --> 00:25:26,793 running departments 461 00:25:26,827 --> 00:25:29,068 that they have no education in, 462 00:25:29,103 --> 00:25:30,344 no background in, 463 00:25:30,379 --> 00:25:32,275 and don't know what they're doing. 464 00:25:32,310 --> 00:25:35,931 They just pander to the loudest common denominator. 465 00:25:35,965 --> 00:25:37,137 And that's usually the people 466 00:25:37,172 --> 00:25:39,965 calling for the death of animals, especially sharks. 467 00:25:43,413 --> 00:25:46,517 So anecdotally, what you hear from a lot of people 468 00:25:46,551 --> 00:25:48,586 that are out on the water a lot, from fishermen, and such, 469 00:25:48,620 --> 00:25:50,448 is that sharks are in plague proportions. 470 00:25:50,482 --> 00:25:53,172 And what we need to remember that these are very intelligent animals 471 00:25:53,206 --> 00:25:55,862 that have an ecological feeding plasticity 472 00:25:55,896 --> 00:25:58,965 that can change their behavior and follow this salmon run here 473 00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:00,620 or go over here when they need to. 474 00:26:00,655 --> 00:26:02,827 They've been around for 350 million years 475 00:26:02,862 --> 00:26:05,379 perfecting the ability to change their behavior 476 00:26:05,413 --> 00:26:09,137 for high success feeding opportunities. 477 00:26:09,172 --> 00:26:11,103 And now fishermen and fishing boats 478 00:26:11,137 --> 00:26:13,758 provide that high success feeding opportunity. 479 00:26:13,793 --> 00:26:17,241 So the fact that there's a massive decline of sharks 480 00:26:17,275 --> 00:26:19,379 and that fishermen are seeing many of them around their boats 481 00:26:19,413 --> 00:26:21,517 are not mutually exclusive. 482 00:26:21,551 --> 00:26:23,965 Fishermen can see many, many sharks around their boats 483 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,551 because they know that this is where they can get an easy feed. 484 00:26:26,586 --> 00:26:29,586 However, shark scientists everywhere around the world, 485 00:26:29,620 --> 00:26:31,068 including the east coast of Australia, 486 00:26:31,103 --> 00:26:33,517 will tell you that sharks are dwindling. 487 00:26:33,551 --> 00:26:35,689 Sharks are in major decline and have been 488 00:26:35,724 --> 00:26:37,413 for about the last 50 to 60 years. 489 00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:44,620 [Jonathan] We know that the general population of sharks 490 00:26:44,655 --> 00:26:46,758 has been in great decline, 491 00:26:46,793 --> 00:26:49,344 and there is science absolutely backing that. 492 00:26:49,379 --> 00:26:51,931 We know that tiger sharks on the Queensland coast 493 00:26:51,965 --> 00:26:53,620 since 1962, 494 00:26:53,655 --> 00:26:56,310 the science is saying around about 73% decline, 495 00:26:56,344 --> 00:26:58,000 which is absolutely massive. 496 00:27:10,758 --> 00:27:14,551 Hearing numbers like 70 to 100 million sharks are killed every year. 497 00:27:14,586 --> 00:27:17,862 And the big one that got me was that in 30 years, 498 00:27:17,896 --> 00:27:20,413 we've killed 90-95% 499 00:27:20,448 --> 00:27:22,344 of the world's shark population. 500 00:27:22,379 --> 00:27:24,241 In 30 years, like... 501 00:27:24,275 --> 00:27:25,827 What's gonna happen in another 30 years? 502 00:27:25,862 --> 00:27:26,896 They're gone, right? 503 00:27:26,931 --> 00:27:28,310 You know, when you hear those kind of numbers, 504 00:27:28,344 --> 00:27:30,482 you're like, "Whoa, what? You know, rewind." 505 00:27:32,689 --> 00:27:36,517 [Bana] Programs like this are a global anomaly. 506 00:27:36,551 --> 00:27:38,310 Only two other countries on earth 507 00:27:38,344 --> 00:27:42,793 operate culling programs, South Africa and France. 508 00:27:42,827 --> 00:27:44,241 That's it. 509 00:27:44,275 --> 00:27:47,275 Everywhere else in the world, it's understood. 510 00:27:47,310 --> 00:27:49,793 Their home, your risk. 511 00:27:53,379 --> 00:27:54,724 There's another chain of islands 512 00:27:54,758 --> 00:27:57,689 all alone in the middle of the Pacific Ocean 513 00:27:57,724 --> 00:28:00,827 that is confronted by these very same challenges. 514 00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:03,517 A paradise where sharks 515 00:28:03,551 --> 00:28:06,655 carry a strong cultural significance, 516 00:28:06,689 --> 00:28:08,758 held sacred by many families 517 00:28:08,793 --> 00:28:12,034 as their ancestral spirit guides. 518 00:28:12,068 --> 00:28:15,344 Traditionally respected but not feared. 519 00:28:16,896 --> 00:28:18,172 Hawaii. 520 00:28:22,724 --> 00:28:24,551 It's so sad and unfortunate 521 00:28:24,586 --> 00:28:27,551 that even in Hawaii, um, multiple decades ago, 522 00:28:27,586 --> 00:28:29,103 they actually culled sharks, 523 00:28:29,137 --> 00:28:31,931 some of the methods being nets or drumlines. 524 00:28:31,965 --> 00:28:34,172 And it was scientifically documented in study 525 00:28:34,206 --> 00:28:36,965 to show that it does nothing to reduce the number 526 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:38,689 of adverse interactions. 527 00:28:38,724 --> 00:28:42,241 And so we've scientifically proven that culling is not effective 528 00:28:42,275 --> 00:28:44,655 and can actually attract sharks closer to shore. 529 00:28:46,344 --> 00:28:51,206 [Juan] Back in '91, there was a series of mistaken identity bites, 530 00:28:51,241 --> 00:28:52,482 so about seven. 531 00:28:52,517 --> 00:28:54,206 And no fatalities, 532 00:28:54,241 --> 00:28:56,586 but it was within, like, a three-month span. 533 00:28:56,620 --> 00:28:59,758 So the community, especially here on the North Shore of Oahu, 534 00:28:59,793 --> 00:29:01,344 was really concerned, 535 00:29:01,379 --> 00:29:04,620 and it kind of sparked a cull, you know, and... 536 00:29:04,655 --> 00:29:07,758 I was just a kid at the time, but it was a scary time. 537 00:29:07,793 --> 00:29:09,344 It was just the fear throughout the community, 538 00:29:09,379 --> 00:29:10,965 and it's probably similar to in certain parts 539 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:12,827 what's going on in Australia right now, 540 00:29:12,862 --> 00:29:14,689 but it was really sad. 541 00:29:14,724 --> 00:29:15,965 I mean, they killed... 542 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:18,689 I think that estimated at the time that they were done 543 00:29:18,724 --> 00:29:21,482 in that year period, they killed over 500 tiger sharks. 544 00:29:21,517 --> 00:29:23,517 So it was really bad. 545 00:29:24,724 --> 00:29:27,000 The really nice thing about that period though, 546 00:29:27,034 --> 00:29:30,793 a scientist named Carl Meyers was doing a study on it. 547 00:29:30,827 --> 00:29:34,758 And he proved that culling was actually not effective. 548 00:29:34,793 --> 00:29:38,172 And in fact, when you take out a large apex predator 549 00:29:38,206 --> 00:29:39,482 like a tiger shark, 550 00:29:39,517 --> 00:29:42,241 which is a very territorial animal and nomadic species, 551 00:29:42,275 --> 00:29:44,586 you're actually reducing that area 552 00:29:44,620 --> 00:29:47,758 to allow more smaller juvenile sharks. 553 00:29:47,793 --> 00:29:50,620 And the larger sharks are actually a lot more knowledgeable 554 00:29:50,655 --> 00:29:52,827 about what's a food source, what's not a food source. 555 00:29:52,862 --> 00:29:55,034 So in essence, you're bringing these teenagers in 556 00:29:55,068 --> 00:29:57,103 that are still trying to figure out what's going on. 557 00:29:57,137 --> 00:29:59,068 And those are the ones making the mistakes, 558 00:29:59,103 --> 00:30:02,965 not these big, large, beautiful females or adult tiger sharks, 559 00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:05,758 and so it was making the situation worse 560 00:30:05,793 --> 00:30:08,344 by killing the large sharks. 561 00:30:08,379 --> 00:30:09,551 So growing up with that fear, 562 00:30:09,586 --> 00:30:12,413 it's so interesting to see where I'm at today, 563 00:30:12,448 --> 00:30:14,724 you know, and my whole life kind of feels like 564 00:30:14,758 --> 00:30:16,620 it's been about protecting an animal that I grew up 565 00:30:16,655 --> 00:30:18,448 so petrified of. 566 00:30:19,862 --> 00:30:21,482 [Ocean] And so we've used that research 567 00:30:21,517 --> 00:30:24,896 to try and push, and more so the community and conservation efforts, 568 00:30:24,931 --> 00:30:28,655 to push, to ban the purposeful killing of sharks and rays. 569 00:30:28,689 --> 00:30:31,758 And, um, in the last few years, 570 00:30:31,793 --> 00:30:34,413 this push for protection for sharks 571 00:30:34,448 --> 00:30:36,931 has been met by some opposition 572 00:30:36,965 --> 00:30:38,551 at different levels. 573 00:30:38,586 --> 00:30:40,655 The first level was financially. 574 00:30:40,689 --> 00:30:42,517 Could they actually enforce the law? 575 00:30:42,551 --> 00:30:44,172 We address that through support, 576 00:30:44,206 --> 00:30:45,931 through ecotourism. 577 00:30:45,965 --> 00:30:49,586 And so actually taking a very small percentage of money 578 00:30:49,620 --> 00:30:51,896 from people who want to go see a live shark 579 00:30:51,931 --> 00:30:54,103 and that could easily fund that bill. 580 00:30:54,137 --> 00:30:55,517 So it's really... 581 00:30:55,551 --> 00:30:58,379 It's tough working in the political systems, 582 00:30:58,413 --> 00:31:00,551 but it is possible, and every year, 583 00:31:00,586 --> 00:31:03,931 the number of people in support of these bills is growing. 584 00:31:11,448 --> 00:31:16,896 [Bana] Until now, these programs have operated under a veil of secrecy. 585 00:31:16,931 --> 00:31:21,172 They have successfully avoided intense scrutiny from the public eye. 586 00:31:21,206 --> 00:31:23,241 Some politicians are adamant 587 00:31:23,275 --> 00:31:25,965 that these programs keep swimmers safe, 588 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:30,137 citing the low number of fatalities at beaches where culling occurs. 589 00:31:31,068 --> 00:31:33,551 But has it really saved human lives 590 00:31:33,586 --> 00:31:36,586 by killing hundreds of thousands of sharks? 591 00:31:44,137 --> 00:31:49,137 The Great Barrier Reef. An Australian icon. 592 00:31:49,172 --> 00:31:52,310 So remarkable you can see it from space. 593 00:31:52,344 --> 00:31:54,724 The jewel in our marine crown. 594 00:31:54,758 --> 00:31:57,724 It is the world's largest coral reef ecosystem, 595 00:31:57,758 --> 00:32:00,827 home to thousands of unique species. 596 00:32:00,862 --> 00:32:04,620 It's one of the best known natural wonders of the world, 597 00:32:04,655 --> 00:32:06,103 already under threat 598 00:32:06,137 --> 00:32:08,965 from warming and acidifying oceans. 599 00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:12,000 It's important to know how critical sharks are 600 00:32:12,034 --> 00:32:15,206 to keeping this fragile ecosystem alive 601 00:32:15,241 --> 00:32:18,724 and just how dangerous it could be to remove them. 602 00:32:26,241 --> 00:32:28,586 [Dr. Leonardo] Austrians love the Great Barrier Reef. 603 00:32:28,620 --> 00:32:30,034 I mean, intuitively, instinctively. 604 00:32:30,068 --> 00:32:32,241 You know you can feel it. I'm thinking it right now. 605 00:32:32,275 --> 00:32:33,758 I just say Great Barrier Reef and I'm like, 606 00:32:33,793 --> 00:32:35,931 "Yes, Australia." 607 00:32:35,965 --> 00:32:40,379 But how to articulate that into words... 608 00:32:40,413 --> 00:32:41,655 I think that's actually the beauty of it. 609 00:32:41,689 --> 00:32:43,379 The fact that you can't really articulate it. 610 00:32:43,413 --> 00:32:45,413 It's magical and mystical. 611 00:32:45,448 --> 00:32:47,517 I think that's why people love the Great Barrier Reef, 612 00:32:47,551 --> 00:32:49,206 and when you do get a chance to see it, 613 00:32:49,241 --> 00:32:51,034 I mean, aside from pictures and videos... 614 00:32:51,068 --> 00:32:53,068 When you do get a chance to see it, 615 00:32:53,103 --> 00:32:55,344 it's mind blowing. 616 00:33:12,965 --> 00:33:16,034 The Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report 2019 617 00:33:16,068 --> 00:33:19,034 is a report that's done every five years. 618 00:33:19,068 --> 00:33:21,862 And it assesses the health of the Great Barrier Reef, 619 00:33:21,896 --> 00:33:24,551 uh, the pressures, the challenges it faces, 620 00:33:24,586 --> 00:33:26,068 the gaps in our knowledge, 621 00:33:26,103 --> 00:33:29,482 and also it gives a bit of a projection of its likely future. 622 00:33:29,517 --> 00:33:30,896 Unfortunately, 623 00:33:30,931 --> 00:33:33,310 the latest report has downgraded the Great Barrier Reef 624 00:33:33,344 --> 00:33:36,137 from being in poor health to very poor health. 625 00:33:39,551 --> 00:33:41,655 It identified as a key threat 626 00:33:41,689 --> 00:33:43,896 to the resilience and health of the reef 627 00:33:43,931 --> 00:33:47,034 uh, the removal of predators, top-level predators, 628 00:33:47,068 --> 00:33:48,620 and that includes your sharks, 629 00:33:48,655 --> 00:33:51,275 and there's an issue with some species 630 00:33:51,310 --> 00:33:52,827 uh, that are under considerable threat. 631 00:33:54,862 --> 00:33:57,482 [Holly] Sharks play a vital role in an ecosystem. 632 00:33:57,517 --> 00:34:01,379 And by taking out sharks off the Great Barrier Reef, 633 00:34:01,413 --> 00:34:03,517 we're gonna see dramatic effects 634 00:34:03,551 --> 00:34:04,793 so we're gonna see impacts 635 00:34:04,827 --> 00:34:07,310 on even the lowest of levels with corals 636 00:34:07,344 --> 00:34:10,000 and the amount of algae that grows on the corals. 637 00:34:11,379 --> 00:34:12,862 [Dr. Leonardo] If we take out the sharks, 638 00:34:12,896 --> 00:34:15,689 your middle fish explode in numbers, 639 00:34:15,724 --> 00:34:18,896 and these middle fish are sometimes herbivores, 640 00:34:18,931 --> 00:34:21,827 so they might eat the algae off coral, 641 00:34:21,862 --> 00:34:24,206 munch on the coral or animals around the coral. 642 00:34:24,241 --> 00:34:27,689 And if their numbers essentially grow unchecked, 643 00:34:27,724 --> 00:34:29,586 then all of a sudden, the coral is experiencing 644 00:34:29,620 --> 00:34:31,655 a lot of pressure it otherwise wasn't under. 645 00:34:31,689 --> 00:34:33,551 Then, the herbivores have got nothing left to eat, 646 00:34:33,586 --> 00:34:35,862 and then they kind of fall apart. 647 00:34:38,758 --> 00:34:40,482 The sharks actually perform 648 00:34:40,517 --> 00:34:42,620 more than just a predatory role. 649 00:34:42,655 --> 00:34:44,517 Uh, it's quite complex how they work 650 00:34:44,551 --> 00:34:45,931 for an ecosystem. 651 00:34:45,965 --> 00:34:47,620 Um, Sharks also modify 652 00:34:47,655 --> 00:34:50,275 the behavior of other animals in the system. 653 00:34:50,310 --> 00:34:52,827 So a great example, 654 00:34:52,862 --> 00:34:54,655 looking at tiger sharks and dugongs, 655 00:34:54,689 --> 00:34:57,482 what the tiger shark does is it comes into an area. 656 00:34:57,517 --> 00:34:59,896 The dugong is happily munching away on seagrass 657 00:34:59,931 --> 00:35:02,551 around a reef ecosystem, a coastal ecosystem, 658 00:35:02,586 --> 00:35:03,689 a seagrass meadow or wherever. 659 00:35:03,724 --> 00:35:04,931 It's happily munching away, 660 00:35:04,965 --> 00:35:07,206 getting its fill, not a care in the world. 661 00:35:07,241 --> 00:35:08,965 The moment it senses or notices 662 00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:10,241 a tiger shark in the area, 663 00:35:10,275 --> 00:35:11,896 all of a sudden it's on its toes. 664 00:35:11,931 --> 00:35:13,896 Um, it stops eating, 665 00:35:13,931 --> 00:35:15,172 and it might dart off somewhere else 666 00:35:15,206 --> 00:35:16,310 and eat a little bit there, 667 00:35:16,344 --> 00:35:19,034 'cause it's now more concerned about being eaten itself 668 00:35:19,068 --> 00:35:20,689 than eating seagrass. 669 00:35:23,517 --> 00:35:27,275 So seagrass actually stores more carbon than rainforests. 670 00:35:27,310 --> 00:35:28,793 What the tiger shark is doing 671 00:35:28,827 --> 00:35:31,482 by modifying or changing the behavior of the dugong, 672 00:35:31,517 --> 00:35:33,344 one, it's looking after the little guys, 673 00:35:33,379 --> 00:35:34,517 so these fish can grow up 674 00:35:34,551 --> 00:35:35,896 and venture out into the ocean, 675 00:35:35,931 --> 00:35:37,965 and two, it's helping us fight climate change. 676 00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:39,793 So the tiger shark protecting the seagrass, 677 00:35:39,827 --> 00:35:42,068 it's ensuring that we have a good carbon store. 678 00:35:45,137 --> 00:35:47,827 [Holly] We can't just take one species 679 00:35:47,862 --> 00:35:51,827 or one type of animal out of an ecosystem 680 00:35:51,862 --> 00:35:54,137 and expect the rest to function normally. 681 00:35:54,172 --> 00:35:56,241 It all interlinks with each other 682 00:35:56,275 --> 00:35:58,344 and taking the sharks out, 683 00:35:58,379 --> 00:36:01,241 you're actually gonna have a really big impact 684 00:36:01,275 --> 00:36:04,931 on the coral reef and that impacts our tourism in Australia. 685 00:36:04,965 --> 00:36:06,103 We have a lot of people 686 00:36:06,137 --> 00:36:07,931 that wanna see the Great Barrier Reef, 687 00:36:07,965 --> 00:36:10,931 but by taking sharks out of that ecosystem, 688 00:36:10,965 --> 00:36:12,586 it's not gonna be the same. 689 00:36:13,965 --> 00:36:15,689 [Dr. Leonardo] We've had some studies come out that show 690 00:36:15,724 --> 00:36:18,793 that having sharks on the reef 691 00:36:18,827 --> 00:36:21,344 boosts not only the kinds of fish you find there 692 00:36:21,379 --> 00:36:23,172 but just the absolute numbers of fish 693 00:36:23,206 --> 00:36:24,275 by having sharks there. 694 00:36:24,310 --> 00:36:27,068 And it's one of the reasons why reef areas 695 00:36:27,103 --> 00:36:29,344 are particularly popular with fishers, 696 00:36:29,379 --> 00:36:30,482 both commercial and recreational, 697 00:36:30,517 --> 00:36:31,931 'cause there are a lot of fish, 698 00:36:31,965 --> 00:36:33,379 and the sizes of fish are reasonably decent. 699 00:36:33,413 --> 00:36:35,896 And to have that support on a reef ecosystem, 700 00:36:35,931 --> 00:36:37,344 you need sharks. 701 00:36:45,758 --> 00:36:48,137 [Madison Stewart] So when I was about 12 years old, 702 00:36:48,172 --> 00:36:50,724 I did my first ever trip to the Great Barrier Reef. 703 00:36:50,758 --> 00:36:53,413 And there was this one spot where my dad and I 704 00:36:53,448 --> 00:36:55,000 would get in the water for a night dive. 705 00:36:55,034 --> 00:36:56,655 And we'd wait for the divers to leave 706 00:36:56,689 --> 00:36:58,793 and we'd stay under the boats 'cause the boats had these big floodlights 707 00:36:58,827 --> 00:37:00,413 that would bring all the little fish around 708 00:37:00,448 --> 00:37:03,137 and then all the sharks would come around to eat these little fish. 709 00:37:03,172 --> 00:37:05,620 So there was about 20 to 30 little Grey Reef Sharks 710 00:37:05,655 --> 00:37:07,034 behind the back of the boat. 711 00:37:07,068 --> 00:37:08,724 And I used to do this thing where I would breathe 712 00:37:08,758 --> 00:37:10,275 really heavy in my SCUBA equipment 713 00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:11,758 and accelerate my heart rate. 714 00:37:11,793 --> 00:37:13,379 And the sharks would pick up on that, 715 00:37:13,413 --> 00:37:16,586 and they would come in and start, like, buzzing me and getting all excited. 716 00:37:16,620 --> 00:37:18,517 And that was like this little game I played with them. 717 00:37:18,551 --> 00:37:21,758 It was the first time that I really had an amazing connection with sharks. 718 00:37:21,793 --> 00:37:25,655 But the very next year, I came back to that same spot, 719 00:37:25,689 --> 00:37:28,310 the same reef, the same dive, same time of year, 720 00:37:28,344 --> 00:37:29,827 and there were no sharks there. 721 00:37:29,862 --> 00:37:31,827 There was like one shark in the distance 722 00:37:31,862 --> 00:37:33,689 too scared to come close to the light. 723 00:37:33,724 --> 00:37:37,000 And that for me kind of woke me up a little bit. 724 00:37:37,034 --> 00:37:38,620 And when I turned 14, 725 00:37:38,655 --> 00:37:40,689 I really started to focus on things 726 00:37:40,724 --> 00:37:42,103 that were happening in my own backyard, 727 00:37:42,137 --> 00:37:44,413 which was the Great Barrier Reef where I grew up diving, 728 00:37:44,448 --> 00:37:46,275 and I had no idea that there were things 729 00:37:46,310 --> 00:37:49,137 threatening what I always thought was a Marine Park. 730 00:37:51,103 --> 00:37:52,931 Queensland... 731 00:37:54,137 --> 00:37:56,034 They're just killing sharks. 732 00:37:56,068 --> 00:37:57,758 They've got drumlines 733 00:37:57,793 --> 00:38:00,275 in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. 734 00:38:01,586 --> 00:38:05,310 One of the seven natural wonders of the world. 735 00:38:05,344 --> 00:38:08,620 We're not just fishing it and wiping it out. 736 00:38:08,655 --> 00:38:10,275 We're not just coral bleaching it 737 00:38:10,310 --> 00:38:11,517 and wiping it out. 738 00:38:11,551 --> 00:38:15,068 We're killing the doctors of the reef. 739 00:38:15,103 --> 00:38:18,724 The animals that keep the whole ecosystem in check. 740 00:38:18,758 --> 00:38:20,310 Now what does that tell you 741 00:38:20,344 --> 00:38:22,310 about the future of our Great Barrier Reef 742 00:38:22,344 --> 00:38:23,896 in our Australian waters? 743 00:38:29,379 --> 00:38:33,793 [Bana] As politicians debate human lives versus shark lives, 744 00:38:33,827 --> 00:38:37,068 protecting our ocean versus tourism dollars, 745 00:38:37,103 --> 00:38:39,758 there is something we've all been missing. 746 00:38:39,793 --> 00:38:43,000 One simple question in this whole culling debate 747 00:38:43,034 --> 00:38:46,241 that has only very recently been asked. 748 00:38:46,275 --> 00:38:48,034 Is it even legal? 749 00:38:53,137 --> 00:38:54,482 [Lawrence Chlebeck] So a few years back, 750 00:38:54,517 --> 00:38:57,655 the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority issued a permit 751 00:38:57,689 --> 00:38:59,827 for Queensland's Agriculture and Fisheries 752 00:38:59,862 --> 00:39:02,344 to operate 173 lethal drumlines 753 00:39:02,379 --> 00:39:04,379 within the boundaries of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. 754 00:39:06,206 --> 00:39:08,482 So we had a look at that permit and we realized 755 00:39:08,517 --> 00:39:11,862 that allowing the lethal take of apex predators 756 00:39:11,896 --> 00:39:13,620 within a World Heritage Area, 757 00:39:13,655 --> 00:39:15,206 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, 758 00:39:15,241 --> 00:39:17,827 was in direct violation 759 00:39:17,862 --> 00:39:19,758 of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park's mandate 760 00:39:19,793 --> 00:39:23,241 to protect the ecological viability of the reef. 761 00:39:27,758 --> 00:39:30,827 We had a look at that permit, and we're trying to investigate 762 00:39:30,862 --> 00:39:33,689 if there was any legal recourse we could take to challenge that. 763 00:39:33,724 --> 00:39:36,379 So we called our good friends, the Environmental Defenders Office, 764 00:39:36,413 --> 00:39:38,344 we attempted to find a middle ground 765 00:39:38,379 --> 00:39:40,965 with Queensland Fisheries and were unable to do so. 766 00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:43,034 And that's when we learned 767 00:39:43,068 --> 00:39:45,655 that within the bounds of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, 768 00:39:45,689 --> 00:39:47,448 we would be able to challenge that permit. 769 00:39:57,551 --> 00:40:00,551 In court, we built our argument around two facets. 770 00:40:00,586 --> 00:40:03,448 The first of which is that removing apex predators 771 00:40:03,482 --> 00:40:06,551 from a World Heritage Area and protected ecosystem 772 00:40:06,586 --> 00:40:09,344 is not a good way to protect that ecosystem. 773 00:40:09,379 --> 00:40:12,344 And second of all, and probably most importantly, 774 00:40:12,379 --> 00:40:16,655 is that shark culling has no impact on swimmer safety. 775 00:40:16,689 --> 00:40:18,551 The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries' 776 00:40:18,586 --> 00:40:20,931 own expert witness admitted on the stand 777 00:40:20,965 --> 00:40:22,137 that if the lethal component 778 00:40:22,172 --> 00:40:24,206 of the Shark Control Program was ended tomorrow, 779 00:40:24,241 --> 00:40:26,034 it would have no impact on swimmer safety. 780 00:40:28,448 --> 00:40:30,724 We got a ten minute heads-up from our lawyers 781 00:40:30,758 --> 00:40:32,793 that the decision was coming down. 782 00:40:32,827 --> 00:40:36,310 And so it's ten minutes of stressful waiting, 783 00:40:36,344 --> 00:40:39,931 and then, when we finally get the document and we're reading through it, 784 00:40:39,965 --> 00:40:42,344 not completely understanding the technical jargon, 785 00:40:42,379 --> 00:40:46,275 and then we're all coming at the same time slowly to this realization, 786 00:40:46,310 --> 00:40:48,344 holy [inaudible], we won. 787 00:40:48,379 --> 00:40:51,793 Sharks caught on drumlines will no longer be killed 788 00:40:51,827 --> 00:40:53,517 but tagged and released 789 00:40:53,551 --> 00:40:55,310 following a significant court win 790 00:40:55,344 --> 00:40:57,000 by environmentalists. 791 00:40:57,034 --> 00:40:59,827 While the ruling is limited to the Great Barrier Reef for now, 792 00:40:59,862 --> 00:41:02,655 experts want the decision expanded. 793 00:41:02,689 --> 00:41:05,448 [Lawrence] The tribunal found the evidence 794 00:41:05,482 --> 00:41:10,000 that shark culling had no scientific basis 795 00:41:10,034 --> 00:41:15,068 and had no proof to be reducing the risk of shark bite, 796 00:41:15,103 --> 00:41:16,758 and that this program 797 00:41:16,793 --> 00:41:19,586 was negatively impacting the health of the Great Barrier Reef. 798 00:41:19,620 --> 00:41:24,137 They found evidence to those points to be, quote, "Overwhelming". 799 00:41:24,172 --> 00:41:25,793 And in any other circumstance, 800 00:41:25,827 --> 00:41:27,620 this would have been a Hollywood mic drop, 801 00:41:27,655 --> 00:41:28,793 end-of-the-movie moment. 802 00:41:33,206 --> 00:41:34,965 [Dr. Leonardo] The Queensland government's reaction, 803 00:41:36,103 --> 00:41:38,241 I don't know how to describe it. 804 00:41:38,275 --> 00:41:41,103 It seemed very odd. 805 00:41:41,137 --> 00:41:43,931 There's an opportunity to move forward, and... 806 00:41:45,034 --> 00:41:46,241 they stalled. 807 00:41:46,275 --> 00:41:49,310 We need to ensure that we're putting people before sharks. 808 00:41:49,344 --> 00:41:52,931 [man 1] The government agrees, announcing its plans to appeal. 809 00:41:52,965 --> 00:41:55,896 [man 2] We will always put human life first. 810 00:41:55,931 --> 00:41:58,827 The community expectations, uh, 811 00:41:58,862 --> 00:42:01,448 that their beaches are kept as safe as possible. 812 00:42:01,482 --> 00:42:02,862 Since 1962, 813 00:42:02,896 --> 00:42:05,517 there has been one fatality, that says it all to me. 814 00:42:10,034 --> 00:42:12,586 So Queensland had this golden opportunity 815 00:42:12,620 --> 00:42:13,965 to take this decision 816 00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:17,172 and really implement some sweeping changes across the program 817 00:42:17,206 --> 00:42:19,758 that were better gonna protect the public, 818 00:42:19,793 --> 00:42:22,517 better protect the ocean, better protect the reef. 819 00:42:22,551 --> 00:42:24,896 But instead, they really doubled down on their position, 820 00:42:24,931 --> 00:42:27,586 and I guess this is just indicative 821 00:42:27,620 --> 00:42:29,689 of what we see all over the world in politics today. 822 00:42:29,724 --> 00:42:31,551 Politicians are doubling down 823 00:42:31,586 --> 00:42:34,758 on what they said in the beginning and digging themselves in holes 824 00:42:34,793 --> 00:42:35,931 further and further. 825 00:42:35,965 --> 00:42:39,000 And shark culling is no stranger to this. 826 00:42:39,034 --> 00:42:41,655 And it'll be so important, this federal appeal, 827 00:42:41,689 --> 00:42:45,482 as in if we can win that, we'll really give them no other option. 828 00:42:47,068 --> 00:42:48,620 [Bana] Inspite of all this, 829 00:42:48,655 --> 00:42:51,310 the Queensland Government continues to refuse 830 00:42:51,344 --> 00:42:55,068 to follow the overwhelming evidence uncovered in this case. 831 00:42:55,103 --> 00:42:58,586 Instead, simply moving every single drumline 832 00:42:58,620 --> 00:43:01,517 they were forced to remove from the Marine Park 833 00:43:01,551 --> 00:43:03,827 to just outside its borders. 834 00:43:05,310 --> 00:43:06,793 At the turn of the millennium, 835 00:43:06,827 --> 00:43:10,241 the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 836 00:43:10,275 --> 00:43:11,896 was introduced, 837 00:43:11,931 --> 00:43:16,103 requiring any activities harming protected species, 838 00:43:16,137 --> 00:43:19,344 like the culling of great whites, to seek approval. 839 00:43:21,344 --> 00:43:25,172 Due to a loophole in the Act, anything lawful taking place 840 00:43:25,206 --> 00:43:28,655 prior to the introduction of the Act can continue, 841 00:43:28,689 --> 00:43:31,551 free from any formal approval process, 842 00:43:31,586 --> 00:43:33,724 so long as it doesn't expand. 843 00:43:35,758 --> 00:43:38,931 New South Wales have held their end of the bargain, 844 00:43:38,965 --> 00:43:41,000 keeping their program the same size, 845 00:43:41,034 --> 00:43:44,793 51 beaches, since the year 2000. 846 00:43:44,827 --> 00:43:47,620 But Queensland continues to push its luck 847 00:43:47,655 --> 00:43:48,862 with the law. 848 00:43:48,896 --> 00:43:51,241 They have expanded and intensified 849 00:43:51,275 --> 00:43:53,482 the Shark Control Program significantly 850 00:43:53,517 --> 00:43:55,517 in the past 20 years, 851 00:43:55,551 --> 00:43:57,689 breaching the very loophole 852 00:43:57,724 --> 00:44:01,275 they used to avoid needing official approval. 853 00:44:01,310 --> 00:44:05,068 And they are suffering zero consequences. 854 00:44:05,103 --> 00:44:08,310 This could well be the next legal challenge to culling. 855 00:44:13,310 --> 00:44:14,827 [man 1 speaking indistinctly] 856 00:44:14,862 --> 00:44:16,689 [man 2] Just come back here with that camera for a minute, 857 00:44:16,724 --> 00:44:17,827 please, I haven't finished. 858 00:44:17,862 --> 00:44:18,827 [man 1] She's got certain... 859 00:44:18,862 --> 00:44:20,103 [overlapping chatter] 860 00:44:20,137 --> 00:44:21,827 [man 1] ...concerns about the safety of the operation. 861 00:44:21,862 --> 00:44:23,310 [man 2] Oh, I want that camera. 862 00:44:23,344 --> 00:44:26,655 [o overlapping chatter] 863 00:44:26,689 --> 00:44:30,448 [man 1] So we'll just get your names and addresses at this stage. 864 00:44:30,482 --> 00:44:34,896 And we'll get the full details from the lady on board the boat, okay? 865 00:44:48,862 --> 00:44:51,310 [Migah Lester] Back in 1992, on Easter Monday, 866 00:44:51,344 --> 00:44:55,241 myself and two kids from the neighborhood were hanging out all day. 867 00:44:55,275 --> 00:44:57,620 One of them, his name was Paul Rogers. 868 00:44:57,655 --> 00:44:59,586 And it was a typical hot day 869 00:44:59,620 --> 00:45:01,793 in the Easter holidays on the Gold Coast. 870 00:45:01,827 --> 00:45:03,586 So we asked our parents if we could go surfing. 871 00:45:03,620 --> 00:45:05,206 They said, "Yes," as long as we surf 872 00:45:05,241 --> 00:45:07,620 right next to the patrol flags. 873 00:45:07,655 --> 00:45:09,965 I had been surfing the previous two weeks, 874 00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:13,965 so I knew that there was a drumline that had been washed in. 875 00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:15,310 I paddled out, 876 00:45:15,344 --> 00:45:18,758 and I noticed my two friends didn't get out of the back. 877 00:45:18,793 --> 00:45:21,206 And I was a little bit older, I was 11, 878 00:45:21,241 --> 00:45:23,206 so I was thinking, "Oh, maybe they're just struggling 879 00:45:23,241 --> 00:45:24,758 to get through the little white waters, 880 00:45:24,793 --> 00:45:26,206 to get out the back." 881 00:45:26,241 --> 00:45:27,896 But I drifted into the patrol flags 882 00:45:27,931 --> 00:45:29,517 where we're not allowed to surf and I thought, 883 00:45:29,551 --> 00:45:31,620 "Okay, instead of paddling against the current, 884 00:45:31,655 --> 00:45:35,206 I'll run around and see if they're in the shore break and I'll join them." 885 00:45:35,241 --> 00:45:38,586 As I got to the beach, I was running on the sand 886 00:45:38,620 --> 00:45:42,241 and I'd seen a bunch of lifeguards 887 00:45:42,275 --> 00:45:44,137 bringing Paul in, carrying him in. 888 00:45:44,172 --> 00:45:46,000 My immediate thought was, "Oh, wow. 889 00:45:46,034 --> 00:45:48,379 Paul is helping them with their training." 890 00:45:48,413 --> 00:45:49,827 They put him down on the ground, 891 00:45:49,862 --> 00:45:52,206 and the second they put him on the ground, they started CPR. 892 00:45:56,310 --> 00:46:01,000 The first thing I noticed was, when I looked down at Paul, 893 00:46:01,034 --> 00:46:04,172 I could see his ankle had these 894 00:46:04,206 --> 00:46:05,724 really deep, intense... 895 00:46:06,896 --> 00:46:08,517 rope or cable marks 896 00:46:08,551 --> 00:46:10,586 that looked like it was wrapped around his ankle. 897 00:46:11,172 --> 00:46:12,931 His eyes were open, 898 00:46:12,965 --> 00:46:14,689 and the guys who were doing CPR were crying, 899 00:46:14,724 --> 00:46:16,655 and it all kind of, like, sunk in, you know. 900 00:46:16,689 --> 00:46:18,655 We're just little kids and it's like, "Oh, my God." 901 00:46:22,655 --> 00:46:25,965 It was the next morning when I was heading to the hospital to see him, 902 00:46:26,000 --> 00:46:29,344 and he was in intensive care, and then on the radio, 903 00:46:29,379 --> 00:46:31,034 it came on that he didn't make it. 904 00:46:31,068 --> 00:46:32,655 That's something that I'll never forget, 905 00:46:32,689 --> 00:46:34,103 that I've always lived with. 906 00:46:35,758 --> 00:46:39,103 I just don't... I don't know, man. I just... 907 00:46:39,137 --> 00:46:42,689 The audacity of that Shark Control Program or the people that run it, 908 00:46:42,724 --> 00:46:46,517 to use Paul as a way to bring in a ruling to protect their own interests, 909 00:46:46,551 --> 00:46:48,689 for them to use his death as an excuse 910 00:46:48,724 --> 00:46:52,103 to just try and stop people investigating what's going on. 911 00:46:52,137 --> 00:46:53,793 Do you know your negligence 912 00:46:53,827 --> 00:46:56,620 is directly responsible for my friend's death? 913 00:46:56,655 --> 00:46:58,827 Like, directly responsible. 914 00:46:58,862 --> 00:47:00,413 There's no other way to cut it. 915 00:47:00,448 --> 00:47:03,103 You put an object in the water, it washed in, 916 00:47:03,137 --> 00:47:06,034 it was there for two weeks, and you didn't remove it. 917 00:47:06,068 --> 00:47:08,206 You pass the blame on to other people, 918 00:47:08,241 --> 00:47:10,931 you pass the responsibility to the lifeguards, 919 00:47:10,965 --> 00:47:13,551 to the Surf Lifesaving Club. You didn't get it out. 920 00:47:13,586 --> 00:47:15,068 And you know, this equipment, 921 00:47:15,103 --> 00:47:16,620 when it gets washed in and buried, 922 00:47:16,655 --> 00:47:18,689 you can't get your Shark Control boats in there. 923 00:47:18,724 --> 00:47:20,482 And you don't go and cut them, 924 00:47:20,517 --> 00:47:23,000 like, why the hell aren't you cutting them and removing them? 925 00:47:23,034 --> 00:47:25,103 Why are they even there in the first place? 926 00:47:25,137 --> 00:47:26,758 It just shows where their intent lies, 927 00:47:26,793 --> 00:47:28,413 it shows it's not there for protection, 928 00:47:28,448 --> 00:47:31,206 it's there for their own intent. 929 00:47:33,620 --> 00:47:35,448 I'd love to know the response 930 00:47:35,482 --> 00:47:37,275 from the actual people that are in the water. 931 00:47:37,310 --> 00:47:39,103 I'd love to hear their opinions of it, 932 00:47:39,137 --> 00:47:41,655 instead of a fisherman whose job is to go out and kill stuff. 933 00:47:43,034 --> 00:47:44,689 But what about all the rest of us, you know? 934 00:47:44,724 --> 00:47:47,000 We don't want marine animals 935 00:47:47,034 --> 00:47:49,310 being caught on hooks and wrapped in nets 936 00:47:49,344 --> 00:47:51,448 off where we're surfing and swimming. 937 00:47:51,482 --> 00:47:54,655 It's like, the person who's doing this, like, where's your morals? 938 00:47:54,689 --> 00:47:56,137 Like, where's your heart in this? 939 00:47:56,172 --> 00:47:58,137 You say you're there to protect us, but you're not. 940 00:47:58,172 --> 00:47:59,344 You're probably sitting in an office. 941 00:47:59,379 --> 00:48:01,172 You're not the one in the lineups, 942 00:48:01,206 --> 00:48:03,103 you're not the one whose kid is surfing there. 943 00:48:03,137 --> 00:48:06,482 Have you even taken into consideration how his mum feels? 944 00:48:06,517 --> 00:48:09,620 No. She's, like, an amazing woman with an amazing kid. 945 00:48:09,655 --> 00:48:13,620 Like, Paul was the nicest kid you could ever meet. 946 00:48:13,655 --> 00:48:17,517 And you took that away. He'd be 38 today. 947 00:48:17,551 --> 00:48:21,034 And now 22 years later, you wanna bring a rule in that just protects yourself. 948 00:48:21,068 --> 00:48:24,517 It has no interest in protecting anyone else. 949 00:48:24,551 --> 00:48:27,379 So it really shows what your true colors are. 950 00:48:43,517 --> 00:48:46,241 [man 1] A teenager is, tonight, counting his lucky stars, 951 00:48:46,275 --> 00:48:49,517 after coming within centimeters of the jaws of a shark. 952 00:48:49,551 --> 00:48:53,758 He'd been surfing off Bribie Island, when the predator struck. 953 00:48:53,793 --> 00:48:56,068 [man 2] 18 drumlines along Bribie Island 954 00:48:56,103 --> 00:48:58,103 keep the public relatively safe, 955 00:48:58,137 --> 00:49:00,758 but they can't stop every shark. 956 00:49:07,689 --> 00:49:10,448 [man 3] In Queensland, history shows us, 957 00:49:10,482 --> 00:49:13,172 and the CSIRO has published data, 958 00:49:13,206 --> 00:49:15,000 to show that in the 1930s, 959 00:49:15,034 --> 00:49:18,068 there were a considerable number of shark bite incidences 960 00:49:18,103 --> 00:49:21,034 on the Queensland coast, including the Gold Coast. 961 00:49:21,068 --> 00:49:24,068 In the 1930s, the 1940s, the numbers were quite high. 962 00:49:24,103 --> 00:49:27,137 And then the numbers started dropping off in the '50s and the '60s. 963 00:49:27,172 --> 00:49:29,620 And since then, the numbers have remained flat. 964 00:49:29,655 --> 00:49:33,103 So the numbers have remained flat 965 00:49:34,517 --> 00:49:37,586 from before the Shark Control Program equipment 966 00:49:37,620 --> 00:49:40,172 has been deployed. 967 00:49:40,206 --> 00:49:43,965 And so you can't put a causal link between the low numbers 968 00:49:44,000 --> 00:49:46,689 and the Shark Control Program equipment. 969 00:49:48,000 --> 00:49:52,034 [Paul] More people die from drowning around Australia. 970 00:49:52,068 --> 00:49:56,448 So many more people die from drowning around Australia 971 00:49:56,482 --> 00:49:58,000 than die from sharks. 972 00:50:00,068 --> 00:50:03,758 And yet, there's no attention being brought to the drowning problem, 973 00:50:03,793 --> 00:50:05,482 only killing of sharks. 974 00:50:09,482 --> 00:50:12,137 [Dr. Leonardo] When you look at shark mitigation, you know, 975 00:50:12,172 --> 00:50:15,862 just because you've been doing something for so many years, 976 00:50:15,896 --> 00:50:17,896 doesn't mean it's the right way. 977 00:50:17,931 --> 00:50:19,448 I mean, societies have changed 978 00:50:19,482 --> 00:50:23,862 over a variety of issues because cultures change, perceptions change, 979 00:50:23,896 --> 00:50:25,931 technology changes, knowledge changes. 980 00:50:25,965 --> 00:50:28,379 So when you look at shark mitigation, 981 00:50:28,413 --> 00:50:30,931 if we use the analogy of road safety, 982 00:50:30,965 --> 00:50:33,896 60 years ago, the road toll was a lot higher. 983 00:50:33,931 --> 00:50:37,448 Since then, we've gotten better with car technology, 984 00:50:37,482 --> 00:50:40,241 ABS braking, airbags, road education, 985 00:50:40,275 --> 00:50:42,103 people getting their licenses has improved. 986 00:50:42,137 --> 00:50:43,827 We've improved our road laws, 987 00:50:43,862 --> 00:50:45,482 and we've reduced the road toll. 988 00:50:45,517 --> 00:50:48,931 And guess what? We didn't take cars off the road. 989 00:50:48,965 --> 00:50:51,275 So why would shark control be any different? 990 00:50:51,310 --> 00:50:52,620 Why would we say, 991 00:50:52,655 --> 00:50:55,413 "No, let's stick to what we've been doing for the past 60 years, 992 00:50:55,448 --> 00:50:56,793 let's not move with the times, 993 00:50:56,827 --> 00:50:58,241 let's not move with technology, 994 00:50:58,275 --> 00:50:59,896 let's not move with education, 995 00:50:59,931 --> 00:51:02,241 let's not move with the knowledge we get, 996 00:51:02,275 --> 00:51:04,413 and still go, "Oh, yeah, but everything's fine?" 997 00:51:05,931 --> 00:51:07,206 It does not make sense. 998 00:51:12,689 --> 00:51:15,689 [Jonathan] On our Gold Coast, they're all for killing animals in the ocean, 999 00:51:15,724 --> 00:51:17,172 in the name of their tourism industry, 1000 00:51:17,206 --> 00:51:19,413 'cause they seem to be scared down there 1001 00:51:19,448 --> 00:51:22,103 of the day when the sharks are going to walk out 1002 00:51:22,137 --> 00:51:23,620 on their fins, 1003 00:51:23,655 --> 00:51:26,137 on the beach, and start biting people. 1004 00:51:26,172 --> 00:51:28,655 It's more discouraging here in Australia 1005 00:51:28,689 --> 00:51:30,448 than it is, for example, in Indonesia. 1006 00:51:30,482 --> 00:51:32,000 In Indonesia, I work with men 1007 00:51:32,034 --> 00:51:34,034 that spend weeks offshore killing hundreds of sharks. 1008 00:51:34,068 --> 00:51:35,655 And I have more respect for them, 1009 00:51:35,689 --> 00:51:37,724 because they're doing that to feed their families. 1010 00:51:37,758 --> 00:51:40,068 Whereas here, we're doing it for a false sense of comfort. 1011 00:51:40,103 --> 00:51:42,655 We have absolutely no right and no excuse 1012 00:51:42,689 --> 00:51:44,724 to be treating our wildlife the way that we do, 1013 00:51:44,758 --> 00:51:47,413 other than blind ignorance and selfishness. 1014 00:51:47,448 --> 00:51:49,034 So it's far harder to respect 1015 00:51:49,068 --> 00:51:50,758 things that are occurring in my own country, 1016 00:51:50,793 --> 00:51:52,551 and to see it from their perspective. 1017 00:51:52,586 --> 00:51:55,275 We react to sharks like they're terrorists. 1018 00:51:55,310 --> 00:51:57,793 When I'm in America and someone's been bitten by a shark, 1019 00:51:57,827 --> 00:52:00,413 and when I lived in Hawaii, and someone was bitten by a shark, 1020 00:52:00,448 --> 00:52:03,068 everybody's like, "Oh, well, he knew the risks. 1021 00:52:03,103 --> 00:52:05,034 And this is their home, not ours." 1022 00:52:05,068 --> 00:52:07,482 But in Australia, it's so different. It's like, 1023 00:52:07,517 --> 00:52:09,551 "We're out for blood now. Revenge time." 1024 00:52:10,586 --> 00:52:13,241 Our biggest mistake, being public Australians 1025 00:52:13,275 --> 00:52:15,344 that interact with these animals every day, 1026 00:52:15,379 --> 00:52:17,724 is putting our faith in the government to protect us, 1027 00:52:17,758 --> 00:52:19,103 because that is not their goal. 1028 00:52:19,137 --> 00:52:22,103 And so far, they've not been successful with that. 1029 00:52:28,103 --> 00:52:31,241 [Bana] Sharks aren't the only victims of the cull. 1030 00:52:31,275 --> 00:52:36,413 At some beaches, up to 97% of animals caught in the nets 1031 00:52:36,448 --> 00:52:39,000 are made up of other innocent marine life. 1032 00:52:40,172 --> 00:52:45,448 Whales, dolphins, rays, turtles. 1033 00:52:46,724 --> 00:52:50,000 Animals that are loved all around the world. 1034 00:52:51,172 --> 00:52:54,724 Animals that are on the endangered species list. 1035 00:52:56,068 --> 00:52:59,896 Animals that are supposed to be protected in our waters. 1036 00:53:10,068 --> 00:53:13,448 Shark culling has many destructive, unintended consequences 1037 00:53:13,482 --> 00:53:15,586 and it's mostly coming from by-catch. 1038 00:53:15,620 --> 00:53:18,310 Um, whales, dolphins, turtles, rays, 1039 00:53:18,344 --> 00:53:20,827 and all of these animals are incredibly vital 1040 00:53:20,862 --> 00:53:22,206 to these ocean ecosystems 1041 00:53:22,241 --> 00:53:24,689 that are already under so much stress. 1042 00:53:24,724 --> 00:53:26,724 [Madison] So the very first time I went out to the shark nets 1043 00:53:26,758 --> 00:53:28,655 was on this dodgy little dinghy with a friend of mine 1044 00:53:28,689 --> 00:53:31,137 in really rough weather, and I saw three dead stingrays, 1045 00:53:31,172 --> 00:53:33,586 and it was just this huge wake-up call of, 1046 00:53:33,620 --> 00:53:35,000 how on earth is this happening 1047 00:53:35,034 --> 00:53:36,137 and how are people ignoring it? 1048 00:53:36,172 --> 00:53:38,379 I think that the whales being caught 1049 00:53:38,413 --> 00:53:41,241 is probably the only thing that really makes the public look at them and think, 1050 00:53:41,275 --> 00:53:42,965 "Oh, wow, that's terrible." 1051 00:53:43,000 --> 00:53:44,689 And since then, I've had the opportunity 1052 00:53:44,724 --> 00:53:46,379 to go out there and see the damage they're doing 1053 00:53:46,413 --> 00:53:47,758 off our coastline a lot more. 1054 00:53:47,793 --> 00:53:50,241 So it's been one of the hardest things 1055 00:53:50,275 --> 00:53:52,931 that I've ever had to come up against in conservation as well, 1056 00:53:52,965 --> 00:53:56,827 because you're dealing with something people think protects them. 1057 00:53:56,862 --> 00:53:59,310 If you could see all the other stuff caught in them, 1058 00:53:59,344 --> 00:54:00,344 it's insane. 1059 00:55:04,310 --> 00:55:07,586 [groaning] 1060 00:56:02,689 --> 00:56:09,482 [squeaking and grunting] 1061 00:56:32,275 --> 00:56:36,862 [squeaking and grunting continue] 1062 00:57:44,137 --> 00:57:46,896 [Holly] The day that I found a humpback whale 1063 00:57:46,931 --> 00:57:48,482 caught in a shark net 1064 00:57:48,517 --> 00:57:53,000 was possibly one of the worst days of my life. 1065 00:57:53,034 --> 00:57:56,965 To see this animal that we see on our coastlines, 1066 00:57:57,000 --> 00:57:59,724 breaching and slapping and playing, 1067 00:57:59,758 --> 00:58:03,482 and to see one physically wrapped in a net 1068 00:58:03,517 --> 00:58:05,793 in just silence there, um, 1069 00:58:05,827 --> 00:58:08,310 doing a behavior that obviously I've never seen before, 1070 00:58:08,344 --> 00:58:09,310 it was just, 1071 00:58:09,344 --> 00:58:11,551 it was hopeless, and it was just sitting there, 1072 00:58:11,586 --> 00:58:13,724 um, just able to breathe on the surface. 1073 00:58:13,758 --> 00:58:16,103 So getting in the water with that whale 1074 00:58:16,137 --> 00:58:18,758 was the first time I've ever swam with a whale. 1075 00:58:18,793 --> 00:58:21,517 And it was just still, 1076 00:58:21,551 --> 00:58:24,379 and it would just come up for breaths every now and then. 1077 00:58:24,413 --> 00:58:28,620 And I remember the rope just being 1078 00:58:28,655 --> 00:58:31,758 entangled around its face, rubbing on its eye, 1079 00:58:31,793 --> 00:58:34,241 and there was nothing I could have done. 1080 00:58:34,275 --> 00:58:36,034 It was physically exhausted. 1081 00:58:36,068 --> 00:58:39,034 You could see, along the dorsal fin, along the spine, 1082 00:58:39,068 --> 00:58:41,068 it was cut in, bleeding. 1083 00:58:41,103 --> 00:58:43,413 And just looking at its face as well, 1084 00:58:43,448 --> 00:58:46,655 just being completely entangled in that net, was really horrible to see. 1085 00:58:46,689 --> 00:58:48,068 And it was one of those moments 1086 00:58:48,103 --> 00:58:50,620 where you wanted to get closer to look at it more, 1087 00:58:50,655 --> 00:58:53,448 but at the same time, this animal is highly stressed. 1088 00:59:00,068 --> 00:59:02,689 Humpback whales will migrate past this coastline 1089 00:59:02,724 --> 00:59:03,931 every year during winter. 1090 00:59:03,965 --> 00:59:06,172 And they basically will go up 1091 00:59:06,206 --> 00:59:07,586 to the Northern Great Barrier Reef, 1092 00:59:07,620 --> 00:59:10,034 give birth to their young and migrate down south, 1093 00:59:10,068 --> 00:59:13,379 and they're doing this on a limited budget of energy. 1094 00:59:13,413 --> 00:59:15,413 So there's no food sources 1095 00:59:15,448 --> 00:59:17,413 along this coastline for these guys. 1096 00:59:17,448 --> 00:59:19,137 And it's very important for them 1097 00:59:19,172 --> 00:59:20,827 to use their energy wisely 1098 00:59:20,862 --> 00:59:23,103 and if they are entangled in a net, 1099 00:59:23,137 --> 00:59:26,551 that takes a lot of energy, a lot of stress. 1100 00:59:26,586 --> 00:59:30,689 We never found our target species in the shark nets. 1101 00:59:30,724 --> 00:59:32,689 And the rest were all by-catch. 1102 00:59:32,724 --> 00:59:34,310 That takes a toll on you as well, 1103 00:59:34,344 --> 00:59:37,724 because you're in the water filming these animals. 1104 00:59:37,758 --> 00:59:39,620 We're mentally prepared for the by-catch, 1105 00:59:39,655 --> 00:59:42,379 but nowhere near as much as what we actually found. 1106 00:59:42,413 --> 00:59:45,448 So that was something that really sort of hit home, 1107 00:59:45,482 --> 00:59:49,655 is realizing that we were finding animals 1108 00:59:49,689 --> 00:59:52,310 that we didn't think that we would find. 1109 00:59:52,344 --> 00:59:57,793 I've had the experience of listening to the footage afterwards 1110 00:59:57,827 --> 00:59:59,689 where I've, uh, 1111 00:59:59,724 --> 01:00:02,000 I've been the captain on the boat. 1112 01:00:02,034 --> 01:00:03,724 I was managing the operation. 1113 01:00:03,758 --> 01:00:07,931 I have this dedicated crew of people who, 1114 01:00:07,965 --> 01:00:09,448 by the nature of what we're doing, 1115 01:00:09,482 --> 01:00:12,724 these are people who care deeply about everything that we do 1116 01:00:12,758 --> 01:00:15,931 and about every one of those individual animals. 1117 01:00:15,965 --> 01:00:18,000 And, um... 1118 01:00:18,034 --> 01:00:22,517 I've had to listen to the responses of my divers. 1119 01:00:24,448 --> 01:00:29,586 [diver crying] 1120 01:01:04,103 --> 01:01:05,448 When I look at that footage afterwards, 1121 01:01:05,482 --> 01:01:07,896 I might not know what's going on underwater, 1122 01:01:08,758 --> 01:01:10,931 except for what I'm told. 1123 01:01:10,965 --> 01:01:16,551 But when I listen to a diver crying underwater, um... 1124 01:01:16,586 --> 01:01:20,586 When I listened to a diver spontaneously apologize 1125 01:01:20,620 --> 01:01:23,482 to the animals under there, 1126 01:01:23,517 --> 01:01:25,068 it gets me 1127 01:01:25,103 --> 01:01:28,724 when I'm sitting there in my living room, watching it on a computer, 1128 01:01:28,758 --> 01:01:30,206 to try and get that message out. 1129 01:01:30,241 --> 01:01:33,758 How do we do that, uh, effectively? 1130 01:01:33,793 --> 01:01:37,655 Uh, and how do I look after my crew 1131 01:01:37,689 --> 01:01:39,862 when we're doing that? 1132 01:01:39,896 --> 01:01:41,413 And we're not just doing it once. 1133 01:01:41,448 --> 01:01:44,862 We're doing it again and again and again. 1134 01:02:06,034 --> 01:02:08,103 [Bana] By baiting and trapping marine animals 1135 01:02:08,137 --> 01:02:10,448 with only intermittent checking, 1136 01:02:10,482 --> 01:02:11,862 nets and drumlines 1137 01:02:11,896 --> 01:02:14,517 are creating a floating seafood buffet 1138 01:02:14,551 --> 01:02:16,310 for our apex predators. 1139 01:02:17,551 --> 01:02:20,482 There's evidence to show that because of this, 1140 01:02:20,517 --> 01:02:24,517 these measures are luring large sharks closer to shore 1141 01:02:24,551 --> 01:02:26,413 for an easy meal. 1142 01:02:26,448 --> 01:02:28,103 Given the proven ineffectiveness 1143 01:02:28,137 --> 01:02:29,206 of these measures 1144 01:02:29,241 --> 01:02:30,551 in the first place, 1145 01:02:30,586 --> 01:02:33,793 logic tells us that we have to question 1146 01:02:33,827 --> 01:02:37,482 how safe this is really keeping us. 1147 01:02:37,517 --> 01:02:40,689 There's always a bigger, hungrier fish out there. 1148 01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:44,793 Do we really want to be enticing them to our beaches? 1149 01:02:50,655 --> 01:02:52,068 [Holly] Through our findings, we found animals 1150 01:02:52,103 --> 01:02:54,103 that were there for more than a week, 1151 01:02:54,137 --> 01:02:56,689 that had fully started to decompose. 1152 01:02:56,724 --> 01:03:00,517 The chemicals and the smells are leeching into the water 1153 01:03:00,551 --> 01:03:01,931 from the entanglements, 1154 01:03:01,965 --> 01:03:04,896 and same goes for the baited drumlines. 1155 01:03:04,931 --> 01:03:07,034 You're gonna be luring sharks closer to shore. 1156 01:03:09,034 --> 01:03:12,379 [man] So let's go back to putting baited hooks 1157 01:03:12,413 --> 01:03:15,482 just off the surf break, just off the swimming beaches. 1158 01:03:15,517 --> 01:03:17,482 Does that actually make sense? 1159 01:03:18,448 --> 01:03:20,448 [Paul] I've actually worked with the DPI 1160 01:03:20,482 --> 01:03:23,034 in New South Wales on their SMART drumlines 1161 01:03:23,068 --> 01:03:24,758 for a very brief period of time. 1162 01:03:24,793 --> 01:03:27,620 And these drumlines are attracting sharks in. 1163 01:03:27,655 --> 01:03:29,379 Now, they said they wouldn't, 1164 01:03:29,413 --> 01:03:31,137 but when I was out there on the boat, 1165 01:03:31,172 --> 01:03:35,586 we caught two great whites on the same hook 1166 01:03:35,620 --> 01:03:37,793 within a matter of minutes. 1167 01:03:37,827 --> 01:03:41,551 And this was half a kilometer from a popular swimming beach. 1168 01:03:41,586 --> 01:03:43,000 So what does that tell you 1169 01:03:43,034 --> 01:03:45,931 about what these drumlines are attracting 1170 01:03:45,965 --> 01:03:47,206 to their baited hooks? 1171 01:03:48,310 --> 01:03:50,896 [Holly] Not only is it the deceased animals 1172 01:03:50,931 --> 01:03:52,896 that are luring sharks close to shore. 1173 01:03:52,931 --> 01:03:56,448 The stressed animals, sharks can sense that. 1174 01:03:56,482 --> 01:03:58,724 They can sense the vibrations and pulses 1175 01:03:58,758 --> 01:04:01,758 through their sensory system, that there is an animal in distress 1176 01:04:01,793 --> 01:04:03,689 that could potentially be a prey item. 1177 01:04:03,724 --> 01:04:05,724 So if it's dead or alive, 1178 01:04:05,758 --> 01:04:07,724 any animal caught in a shark net, 1179 01:04:07,758 --> 01:04:09,448 a shark passing by 1180 01:04:09,482 --> 01:04:11,586 is most likely going to come over 1181 01:04:11,620 --> 01:04:14,034 and be curious about what's in this net. 1182 01:04:18,275 --> 01:04:21,206 And through the entanglement that I witnessed at Noosa the other day, 1183 01:04:21,241 --> 01:04:23,241 those beaches are not cleared. 1184 01:04:23,275 --> 01:04:24,413 Now I'll tell you, at Noosa, 1185 01:04:24,448 --> 01:04:26,655 we know that there was a large shark under that net. 1186 01:04:26,689 --> 01:04:28,379 And of course, 1187 01:04:28,413 --> 01:04:31,896 an injured, stressed animal is going to be an attractant for that predator. 1188 01:04:31,931 --> 01:04:35,103 Was the beach cleared? No, it wasn't. 1189 01:04:35,137 --> 01:04:38,275 When that wire was left at Bilinga Beach, 1190 01:04:38,310 --> 01:04:41,275 on the sea floor after it died, were the beaches cleared? 1191 01:04:41,310 --> 01:04:44,206 Was there an education program put in place? 1192 01:04:44,241 --> 01:04:45,034 No, there wasn't. 1193 01:04:59,137 --> 01:05:01,655 Uh, there was one particular time where we found 1194 01:05:01,689 --> 01:05:03,965 a shovelnose ray caught in the bottom 1195 01:05:04,000 --> 01:05:06,827 of the Surfers Paradise net on the Gold Coast. 1196 01:05:06,862 --> 01:05:10,931 And this ray had humongous bite marks out of it. 1197 01:05:10,965 --> 01:05:14,655 So this large shovelnose ray was about two to three meters. 1198 01:05:14,689 --> 01:05:17,896 We checked all the nets on the Gold Coast that day 1199 01:05:17,931 --> 01:05:21,034 and there was no shark in any of the shark nets, 1200 01:05:21,068 --> 01:05:23,034 and that raises the question 1201 01:05:23,068 --> 01:05:25,655 that this animal was caught in this net, 1202 01:05:25,689 --> 01:05:29,620 the shark had managed to maneuver around the net 1203 01:05:29,655 --> 01:05:31,344 without becoming entangled in it. 1204 01:05:33,275 --> 01:05:36,551 [man] A monster shark measuring more than five meters 1205 01:05:36,586 --> 01:05:39,103 is lurking off North Stradbroke Island. 1206 01:05:39,137 --> 01:05:41,000 The Bligh government's released photos 1207 01:05:41,034 --> 01:05:44,068 showing how it mauled another large white pointer. 1208 01:05:45,034 --> 01:05:47,103 [woman] Like a bit of bait on a hook, 1209 01:05:47,137 --> 01:05:48,793 the predator, which became a meal 1210 01:05:48,827 --> 01:05:50,241 for an even bigger shark, 1211 01:05:50,275 --> 01:05:52,103 after being caught on a drumline 1212 01:05:52,137 --> 01:05:54,344 about half an hour from where Sarah Whiley 1213 01:05:54,379 --> 01:05:56,103 was killed by a shark at Amity, 1214 01:05:56,137 --> 01:05:57,896 the state government's take on it 1215 01:05:57,931 --> 01:06:01,655 is that we should be happy the Shark Control Program's doing its job, 1216 01:06:01,689 --> 01:06:04,344 catching the smaller shark in the first place. 1217 01:06:04,379 --> 01:06:07,172 But what about the monster which feasted on it? 1218 01:06:12,586 --> 01:06:16,965 When you tell people that an area is safer, 1219 01:06:17,000 --> 01:06:19,827 when you haven't indeed made it safer, 1220 01:06:19,862 --> 01:06:22,862 that leads human beings to make decisions, 1221 01:06:22,896 --> 01:06:26,034 to do things they feel confident there's less risk in, 1222 01:06:26,068 --> 01:06:27,827 and there may be more risk. 1223 01:06:27,862 --> 01:06:30,068 It leads people to take extra risk. 1224 01:06:39,172 --> 01:06:41,965 I learned to surf just there, at Manly Beach, 1225 01:06:42,000 --> 01:06:44,137 right there in the southern corner in front of the surf club. 1226 01:06:44,172 --> 01:06:46,137 My dad was a clubbie at Manly Surf Club. 1227 01:06:46,172 --> 01:06:48,724 My older brother Jason is a surfer. 1228 01:06:48,758 --> 01:06:50,862 Any girl that grows up with an older brother surfing, 1229 01:06:50,896 --> 01:06:52,379 they wanna do it with them, too. 1230 01:06:52,413 --> 01:06:55,068 I can honestly say I do it a little bit better than my brother. 1231 01:06:59,172 --> 01:07:02,275 [Tom] So the ocean is kind of like a spiritual home for me. 1232 01:07:02,310 --> 01:07:06,310 My mother gave me a surfboard just before she passed away. 1233 01:07:06,344 --> 01:07:09,517 So in essence, that surfboard took me into the ocean, 1234 01:07:09,551 --> 01:07:12,517 so the ocean has been kind of holding me 1235 01:07:12,551 --> 01:07:14,758 and the surfboard's been holding me since, 1236 01:07:14,793 --> 01:07:16,758 in a way, that, um... 1237 01:07:16,793 --> 01:07:18,931 Yeah, I don't know. It's hard to explain it. 1238 01:07:20,379 --> 01:07:21,896 It's definitely an on-the-moment thing, 1239 01:07:21,931 --> 01:07:23,379 that the ocean just tells us 1240 01:07:23,413 --> 01:07:25,517 how to actually be really present with her. 1241 01:07:25,551 --> 01:07:28,034 And I think that's why I kind of go back to her, 1242 01:07:28,068 --> 01:07:32,172 because she just absolutely demands all my attention. 1243 01:07:34,827 --> 01:07:37,172 [Layne] When I'm out here at Freshwater, for example, 1244 01:07:37,206 --> 01:07:39,586 and I talk to local surfers, and I ask them, 1245 01:07:39,620 --> 01:07:41,551 "What's your position on sharks 1246 01:07:41,586 --> 01:07:43,034 and shark mitigation," 1247 01:07:43,068 --> 01:07:44,724 one of them said to me today, 1248 01:07:44,758 --> 01:07:47,241 "See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil." 1249 01:07:49,724 --> 01:07:51,344 I'm seven times world champion surfer 1250 01:07:51,379 --> 01:07:52,965 and chair of Surfing Australia, 1251 01:07:53,000 --> 01:07:55,655 and I completely understand 1252 01:07:55,689 --> 01:07:57,551 that the minute I immerse myself in the water, 1253 01:07:57,586 --> 01:08:01,241 I'm immersing myself into their environment, their domain, 1254 01:08:01,275 --> 01:08:04,379 and you have to accept that they're a predator. 1255 01:08:04,413 --> 01:08:08,965 I feel that that mentality is widely respected 1256 01:08:09,000 --> 01:08:10,413 around the world in most surfers. 1257 01:08:10,448 --> 01:08:12,896 I can't speak on behalf of every surfer, 1258 01:08:12,931 --> 01:08:16,275 but I know from my individual perspective, 1259 01:08:16,310 --> 01:08:18,517 I recognize that there is an inherent risk 1260 01:08:18,551 --> 01:08:20,034 every time I enter the water. 1261 01:08:20,068 --> 01:08:22,172 I do what I can to mitigate that risk, 1262 01:08:22,206 --> 01:08:24,689 but I'm also willing to take that risk. 1263 01:08:32,206 --> 01:08:34,034 My desire to surf is unwavering, 1264 01:08:34,068 --> 01:08:35,965 irrespective of whether there's nets there or not. 1265 01:08:36,000 --> 01:08:38,344 Having traveled the world as a professional surfer, 1266 01:08:38,379 --> 01:08:40,206 I've surfed in countless oceans 1267 01:08:40,241 --> 01:08:42,931 and countless surf spots where I know there aren't nets 1268 01:08:42,965 --> 01:08:45,275 and that has never affected my choice to go surfing 1269 01:08:45,310 --> 01:08:47,379 or my decision to go surfing. 1270 01:08:47,413 --> 01:08:50,827 [Tom] I take personal responsibility anytime. 1271 01:08:50,862 --> 01:08:52,724 I think that's our... 1272 01:08:52,758 --> 01:08:55,413 I hope that's our culture here in Australia, you know. 1273 01:08:55,448 --> 01:08:59,172 I hope to think every Australian can think like this. 1274 01:09:01,551 --> 01:09:03,379 To be honest, I've been surfing 1275 01:09:03,413 --> 01:09:05,068 for, what, 51 years now. 1276 01:09:05,103 --> 01:09:07,758 And while surfing, I may have seen... 1277 01:09:10,413 --> 01:09:11,793 five sharks. 1278 01:09:11,827 --> 01:09:14,551 Not just surfing part-time. [laughs] 1279 01:09:14,586 --> 01:09:16,068 That's surfing a lot. 1280 01:09:16,103 --> 01:09:18,344 In remote areas around this country 1281 01:09:18,379 --> 01:09:20,206 where you're gonna see sharks. 1282 01:09:21,448 --> 01:09:22,482 When we look at the shark, 1283 01:09:22,517 --> 01:09:25,137 which has been around here for millions of years, 1284 01:09:25,172 --> 01:09:27,275 it's literally a dinosaur, 1285 01:09:27,310 --> 01:09:31,344 it may appear to us to be a really dangerous creature 1286 01:09:31,379 --> 01:09:33,344 and bring up a lot of fear. 1287 01:09:34,862 --> 01:09:37,172 I've had first-hand experience with that. 1288 01:09:37,206 --> 01:09:39,551 I looked him straight in the eye. Big sharks. 1289 01:09:39,586 --> 01:09:44,620 And they've had, uh, a kind of response to me like, 1290 01:09:44,655 --> 01:09:47,000 "Hmm, that person's a predator, too." 1291 01:09:53,413 --> 01:09:58,413 [Layne] There's a very low chance of being bitten by a shark. 1292 01:09:58,448 --> 01:10:01,275 Like, the chances are very slim, very slender. 1293 01:10:01,310 --> 01:10:03,586 You have a higher incidence of being hit by a car 1294 01:10:03,620 --> 01:10:06,103 or stung by a bee and dying from that 1295 01:10:06,137 --> 01:10:08,448 than you do a shark attack. 1296 01:10:08,482 --> 01:10:11,103 I'm a believer and an advocate for coexisting. 1297 01:10:11,137 --> 01:10:13,724 Uh, we know, as ocean lovers, 1298 01:10:13,758 --> 01:10:15,310 that once we immerse ourselves in the ocean, 1299 01:10:15,344 --> 01:10:16,758 we're going into a shark domain, 1300 01:10:16,793 --> 01:10:20,758 and we have to recognize that that is one of the risks 1301 01:10:20,793 --> 01:10:23,241 that we're willing to accept. 1302 01:10:26,655 --> 01:10:28,448 Given we know what we know today, 1303 01:10:28,482 --> 01:10:30,758 it is absolutely archaic 1304 01:10:30,793 --> 01:10:32,896 that we're relying on a program 1305 01:10:32,931 --> 01:10:34,827 that was devised in 1930. 1306 01:10:34,862 --> 01:10:36,931 When I think about culling programs, 1307 01:10:36,965 --> 01:10:39,413 I just think it must come from a lack of education 1308 01:10:39,448 --> 01:10:41,206 and a cultural belief. 1309 01:10:41,241 --> 01:10:43,586 So if you really wanna truly educate yourself, 1310 01:10:43,620 --> 01:10:45,172 get off your board and dive underneath 1311 01:10:45,206 --> 01:10:47,034 and spend some time on the bottom. 1312 01:10:49,275 --> 01:10:50,689 [Tom] We're sophisticating ourselves 1313 01:10:50,724 --> 01:10:52,068 in so many areas now. 1314 01:10:52,103 --> 01:10:53,758 We've got a lot of great technologies 1315 01:10:53,793 --> 01:10:56,379 and they just keep on evolving. 1316 01:10:56,413 --> 01:10:58,620 We've got to tap into that, 1317 01:10:58,655 --> 01:11:03,034 and so we can live with nature because we are nature. 1318 01:11:03,068 --> 01:11:04,655 If we can use technology 1319 01:11:04,689 --> 01:11:07,241 to actually create that scenario, 1320 01:11:07,275 --> 01:11:08,758 I think that's ideal. 1321 01:11:11,103 --> 01:11:14,137 [water splashing] 1322 01:11:14,172 --> 01:11:15,758 I think New South Wales, 1323 01:11:15,793 --> 01:11:18,172 the shark management program here 1324 01:11:18,206 --> 01:11:19,689 and the shark management strategy 1325 01:11:19,724 --> 01:11:22,103 is in very much a transition phase. 1326 01:11:22,137 --> 01:11:24,241 And it has been for probably a decade now, 1327 01:11:24,275 --> 01:11:26,965 where it's moving away from lethal controls 1328 01:11:27,000 --> 01:11:29,793 like shark nets and lethal drumlines. 1329 01:11:29,827 --> 01:11:32,862 So SMART drumlines have been used for a few years down here 1330 01:11:32,896 --> 01:11:34,413 in New South Wales. 1331 01:11:34,448 --> 01:11:35,758 A SMART drumline is very similar 1332 01:11:35,793 --> 01:11:36,965 to a traditional drumline. 1333 01:11:37,000 --> 01:11:40,000 It's a baited hook on a floating buoy 1334 01:11:40,034 --> 01:11:42,000 about 500 meters off shore. 1335 01:11:42,034 --> 01:11:44,413 The differences is that this has a GPS transceiver 1336 01:11:44,448 --> 01:11:46,000 that sends a message to a satellite 1337 01:11:46,034 --> 01:11:47,310 once an animal is hooked, 1338 01:11:47,344 --> 01:11:49,827 that sends another message down to the contractor, 1339 01:11:49,862 --> 01:11:51,103 who can race out there, 1340 01:11:51,137 --> 01:11:53,517 uh, preferably or hopefully within about 30 minutes 1341 01:11:53,551 --> 01:11:54,931 of an animal being caught. 1342 01:11:54,965 --> 01:11:57,172 Um, if it's a non-target animal, 1343 01:11:57,206 --> 01:12:00,068 it's released on the spot immediately. 1344 01:12:00,103 --> 01:12:01,862 And if it is a target shark, 1345 01:12:01,896 --> 01:12:03,793 um, it can be tagged and relocated. 1346 01:12:04,931 --> 01:12:07,862 So there's a smartphone app along with Shark Smart 1347 01:12:07,896 --> 01:12:10,344 that will send people a message, who have the app, 1348 01:12:10,379 --> 01:12:13,896 when a tagged shark comes within the vicinity of a listening station. 1349 01:12:13,931 --> 01:12:16,103 What it does is it's changing attitudes. 1350 01:12:16,137 --> 01:12:18,482 It's allowing people the option, 1351 01:12:18,517 --> 01:12:21,068 who want to choose a place to bring their family, 1352 01:12:21,103 --> 01:12:22,931 or for them to enjoy the ocean, 1353 01:12:22,965 --> 01:12:24,896 it allows them to look on their phone, 1354 01:12:24,931 --> 01:12:27,103 see if there's a shark sighted in that area, 1355 01:12:27,137 --> 01:12:29,517 and it allows them to make that decision independently 1356 01:12:29,551 --> 01:12:32,000 and bring some of that responsibility home. 1357 01:12:32,034 --> 01:12:33,103 And I think that change of attitude 1358 01:12:33,137 --> 01:12:34,931 is very, very important for us to start 1359 01:12:34,965 --> 01:12:37,206 not relying so much on the government 1360 01:12:37,241 --> 01:12:40,068 making decisions for us, but providing information 1361 01:12:40,103 --> 01:12:43,413 so that we can make those informed decisions on our own. 1362 01:12:43,448 --> 01:12:46,482 We are still concerned about animal welfare of sharks 1363 01:12:46,517 --> 01:12:48,793 and other animals being caught on the SMART drumlines 1364 01:12:48,827 --> 01:12:51,241 and how healthy they are once they're released. 1365 01:12:54,517 --> 01:12:56,655 [Madison] We're not the only country with this issue. 1366 01:12:56,689 --> 01:12:58,379 There are countries all around the world 1367 01:12:58,413 --> 01:13:00,517 that are tackling it differently. 1368 01:13:00,551 --> 01:13:02,344 And when you look at those systems, 1369 01:13:02,379 --> 01:13:05,379 it's insane to think that we haven't started doing that here yet. 1370 01:13:05,413 --> 01:13:08,068 There are systems getting worked on in Australia 1371 01:13:08,103 --> 01:13:10,103 and all around the world to protect people 1372 01:13:10,137 --> 01:13:12,586 against this very issue of shark attacks, 1373 01:13:12,620 --> 01:13:15,103 and some of them are far more effective, 1374 01:13:15,137 --> 01:13:16,448 provenly effective 1375 01:13:16,482 --> 01:13:18,206 than what we have here right now. 1376 01:13:23,068 --> 01:13:24,965 [Bana] Right here in Australia, 1377 01:13:25,000 --> 01:13:27,379 and in other places around the world, 1378 01:13:27,413 --> 01:13:29,965 we are developing less destructive 1379 01:13:30,000 --> 01:13:31,965 and more effective technology 1380 01:13:32,000 --> 01:13:35,413 to protect us while enjoying our oceans. 1381 01:13:35,448 --> 01:13:38,206 Solutions that actually protect people 1382 01:13:38,241 --> 01:13:41,103 and have no unintended side effects, 1383 01:13:41,137 --> 01:13:44,517 establishing a safer future for both humans 1384 01:13:44,551 --> 01:13:46,551 and sharks to coexist. 1385 01:13:56,137 --> 01:13:58,310 So we started out very early on 1386 01:13:58,344 --> 01:14:00,896 in a lot of the New South Wales Government trials, 1387 01:14:00,931 --> 01:14:03,620 and just seeing if drones could actually be used 1388 01:14:03,655 --> 01:14:07,241 to spot sharks and how we could use that for mitigation. 1389 01:14:07,275 --> 01:14:10,068 So from very early phases through to working out, 1390 01:14:10,103 --> 01:14:11,482 like, if it could be used 1391 01:14:11,517 --> 01:14:14,448 to developing standard operating procedures, at what heights, 1392 01:14:14,482 --> 01:14:16,310 um, and what we could actually see, 1393 01:14:16,344 --> 01:14:18,827 then we've sort of developed with that program. 1394 01:14:18,862 --> 01:14:23,482 Lifeguards literally have them on the beach now as a tool, 1395 01:14:23,517 --> 01:14:25,413 so helping develop their training packages 1396 01:14:25,448 --> 01:14:26,620 and their procedures in there as well. 1397 01:14:29,103 --> 01:14:30,931 Just after a few months of starting, 1398 01:14:30,965 --> 01:14:32,758 I noticed, starting to read comments online 1399 01:14:32,793 --> 01:14:34,241 like, "Oh, we should to go to this beach. 1400 01:14:34,275 --> 01:14:37,379 They have drone shark surveillance and lifeguards." 1401 01:14:37,413 --> 01:14:39,551 There's definitely different technologies that are coming along. 1402 01:14:39,586 --> 01:14:41,586 There's a few different companies working with it. 1403 01:14:41,620 --> 01:14:43,655 Australia is definitely leading the way in this. 1404 01:14:43,689 --> 01:14:45,896 I think drone technology is here. 1405 01:14:45,931 --> 01:14:48,103 Like right now, let's just use it. 1406 01:14:56,448 --> 01:14:58,034 Look, the way the technology works 1407 01:14:58,068 --> 01:15:00,448 is actually ridiculously simple. 1408 01:15:00,482 --> 01:15:04,103 Um, sharks have the same senses that we have to find food. 1409 01:15:04,137 --> 01:15:06,103 So sight, sound, and smell, 1410 01:15:06,137 --> 01:15:09,172 but they also have these little electrical receptors in their snout 1411 01:15:09,206 --> 01:15:10,793 called Ampullae of Lorenzini, 1412 01:15:10,827 --> 01:15:12,172 they're little gel-filled sacs. 1413 01:15:12,206 --> 01:15:15,448 Now every living creature gives off an electric field. 1414 01:15:15,482 --> 01:15:18,448 And so you might see in a nature video 1415 01:15:18,482 --> 01:15:21,000 a stingray swimming along the sandy bottom 1416 01:15:21,034 --> 01:15:22,827 and then digging down and finding a crab. 1417 01:15:22,862 --> 01:15:24,379 They found that crab 1418 01:15:24,413 --> 01:15:26,448 because of the electrical field coming off the crab. 1419 01:15:26,482 --> 01:15:28,793 So you can see how sensitive these things are. 1420 01:15:28,827 --> 01:15:31,896 And so what you do is you get two electrodes, 1421 01:15:31,931 --> 01:15:33,896 you run a current between the two electrodes, 1422 01:15:33,931 --> 01:15:36,068 and it creates an electrical field 1423 01:15:36,103 --> 01:15:38,137 that's thousands of times stronger 1424 01:15:38,172 --> 01:15:40,931 than what the shark would expect to experience. 1425 01:15:40,965 --> 01:15:42,586 The shark comes near it, 1426 01:15:42,620 --> 01:15:45,344 causes the gel-filled sacs to spasm, turns away. 1427 01:15:45,379 --> 01:15:47,344 Exactly the same as if I shine a bright light 1428 01:15:47,379 --> 01:15:50,000 in your face, in your eyes, you would just take turn away. 1429 01:15:50,034 --> 01:15:51,724 The eyes are over sensitized. 1430 01:15:51,758 --> 01:15:54,620 So it doesn't harm the shark. The shark can leave the area. 1431 01:15:54,655 --> 01:15:56,655 So the University of Western Australia, 1432 01:15:56,689 --> 01:16:00,034 what they did is they got the diving product. 1433 01:16:00,068 --> 01:16:03,379 They put a bait canister on the device, 1434 01:16:03,413 --> 01:16:04,931 they took it to South Africa, 1435 01:16:04,965 --> 01:16:08,379 they had 322 interactions with the bait. 1436 01:16:08,413 --> 01:16:10,965 43 different great white sharks, 1437 01:16:11,000 --> 01:16:13,862 and only one shark bumped the bait 1438 01:16:13,896 --> 01:16:14,931 when it was on. 1439 01:16:14,965 --> 01:16:16,310 When it was turned off, the sharks would come in 1440 01:16:16,344 --> 01:16:17,931 and bite the bait all the time. 1441 01:16:17,965 --> 01:16:20,310 So, amazingly successful. 1442 01:16:22,862 --> 01:16:24,034 So the diving product 1443 01:16:24,068 --> 01:16:25,620 is the one that's been around the longest. 1444 01:16:25,655 --> 01:16:27,586 It was developed in the '90s. 1445 01:16:27,620 --> 01:16:30,655 The surfboard product is on generation number two, 1446 01:16:30,689 --> 01:16:34,034 and it's been around for quite a while as well now. 1447 01:16:35,103 --> 01:16:36,724 [Juan] For me, as a surfer, 1448 01:16:36,758 --> 01:16:38,793 I would utilize every type of device 1449 01:16:38,827 --> 01:16:41,551 that I could to make it safer for me. 1450 01:16:41,586 --> 01:16:42,965 When you're going to extreme areas 1451 01:16:43,000 --> 01:16:45,689 where you know there is predators, uh, 1452 01:16:45,724 --> 01:16:49,517 hunting in that area, it's use what you can. 1453 01:17:01,448 --> 01:17:03,827 [Dr. Sara Andreotti] The Shark Safe Barrier is a new technology 1454 01:17:03,862 --> 01:17:06,793 that is designed to simply keep large sharks 1455 01:17:06,827 --> 01:17:08,827 separated from people. 1456 01:17:08,862 --> 01:17:10,758 We've been observing white sharks 1457 01:17:10,793 --> 01:17:13,310 hunting around thick forest of kelp 1458 01:17:13,344 --> 01:17:15,931 for quite a while in Gansbaai in South Africa, 1459 01:17:15,965 --> 01:17:19,137 and Cape fur seals are actually utilizing 1460 01:17:19,172 --> 01:17:23,517 the thick kelp to hide from shark's predation. 1461 01:17:23,551 --> 01:17:26,965 The Shark Safe Barrier comes from the combination 1462 01:17:27,000 --> 01:17:29,896 of two very well-known shark deterrents. 1463 01:17:29,931 --> 01:17:34,034 One is the visual appearance of a thick forest of kelp 1464 01:17:34,068 --> 01:17:38,896 that have been proved to be avoided by large sharks. 1465 01:17:38,931 --> 01:17:41,724 We suspect that is because they want to prevent 1466 01:17:41,758 --> 01:17:45,620 getting entangled in, uh, thick forest of kelp. 1467 01:17:45,655 --> 01:17:47,172 So by presenting the shark 1468 01:17:47,206 --> 01:17:50,344 with something that they naturally recognize as a barrier 1469 01:17:50,379 --> 01:17:51,551 is a big plus. 1470 01:17:51,586 --> 01:17:53,689 They know they have to avoid it. 1471 01:17:53,724 --> 01:17:56,620 Then the second part of the technology 1472 01:17:56,655 --> 01:18:00,586 that is a shark deterrent are large ceramic magnets. 1473 01:18:02,137 --> 01:18:06,413 The magnetism overwhelms the sixth sense of the shark 1474 01:18:06,448 --> 01:18:08,620 and acts as a deterrent. 1475 01:18:08,655 --> 01:18:13,034 We tested it by putting chum on one side of the barrier, 1476 01:18:13,068 --> 01:18:16,172 a food source that the shark can recognize as such, 1477 01:18:16,206 --> 01:18:19,724 to try and convince the shark to swim through it. 1478 01:18:19,758 --> 01:18:22,482 But none of the experiments we did, 1479 01:18:22,517 --> 01:18:25,310 any of the sharks actually crossed the pipes. 1480 01:18:25,344 --> 01:18:27,137 It is shark-specific. 1481 01:18:27,172 --> 01:18:30,206 Every other marine animal can just swim through it, 1482 01:18:30,241 --> 01:18:33,793 and it is designed to protect surfers. 1483 01:18:33,827 --> 01:18:36,896 There are other eco-friendly systems 1484 01:18:36,931 --> 01:18:40,379 that can keep swimmers separated from sharks, 1485 01:18:40,413 --> 01:18:42,862 but compared to the Shark Safe, 1486 01:18:42,896 --> 01:18:46,482 they have the limitation of being deployable only 1487 01:18:46,517 --> 01:18:48,103 in very calm weather. 1488 01:18:48,137 --> 01:18:51,620 While the Shark Safe Barrier, once it's installed, 1489 01:18:51,655 --> 01:18:53,275 it's designed to stay there. 1490 01:18:53,310 --> 01:18:56,931 We can put it in deep water, we can put it behind surfers, 1491 01:18:56,965 --> 01:19:00,482 to protect their back as they're surfing. 1492 01:19:00,517 --> 01:19:03,551 We are really, really trying as hard as we can 1493 01:19:03,586 --> 01:19:07,551 to have a minimal impact to the environment 1494 01:19:07,586 --> 01:19:09,896 by providing a solution that is safe 1495 01:19:09,931 --> 01:19:11,689 for both the marine life 1496 01:19:11,724 --> 01:19:13,655 and the people using the beach. 1497 01:19:19,793 --> 01:19:23,448 [Jonathan] We could trail these technologies concurrently 1498 01:19:23,482 --> 01:19:27,172 with the current Shark Control Program over a season, 1499 01:19:27,206 --> 01:19:29,517 learn how to operate it, 1500 01:19:29,551 --> 01:19:33,517 give people the reassurance that we're putting in these non-lethals, 1501 01:19:33,551 --> 01:19:36,103 monitor, do the science on the non-lethals 1502 01:19:36,137 --> 01:19:37,344 while you're doing it. 1503 01:19:37,379 --> 01:19:39,724 You know, for example, 1504 01:19:39,758 --> 01:19:41,310 have the drone technology 1505 01:19:41,344 --> 01:19:43,551 and record how often you see sharks, 1506 01:19:43,586 --> 01:19:46,758 how often you make people safer by bringing them in 1507 01:19:46,793 --> 01:19:48,379 to the beach, 1508 01:19:48,413 --> 01:19:50,586 and then tracking shark and knowing when you put them back out. 1509 01:19:50,620 --> 01:19:52,137 Let's do that science. 1510 01:19:52,172 --> 01:19:54,517 Do it while the nets and drumlines are still there for a season. 1511 01:19:54,551 --> 01:19:56,413 There is a political answer for you 1512 01:19:56,448 --> 01:19:59,517 that gives us a transition 1513 01:19:59,551 --> 01:20:03,068 to a non-lethal shark control program, 1514 01:20:03,103 --> 01:20:04,517 which I've gotta tell you, 1515 01:20:04,551 --> 01:20:06,655 if we are concerned about tourism in this state, 1516 01:20:07,517 --> 01:20:10,068 progressive and positive messages 1517 01:20:10,103 --> 01:20:12,517 about the way we treat our wildlife 1518 01:20:12,551 --> 01:20:14,344 is going to be paramount. 1519 01:20:16,275 --> 01:20:19,310 [Madison] The way that we treat animals off our coastline, 1520 01:20:19,344 --> 01:20:22,551 the way that we walk around like we own the ocean here, 1521 01:20:22,586 --> 01:20:26,413 most countries would be absolutely ecstatic 1522 01:20:26,448 --> 01:20:28,413 to have the kind of wildlife that we do, 1523 01:20:28,448 --> 01:20:31,862 and we just abuse that privilege so much. 1524 01:20:31,896 --> 01:20:33,896 We ignore it as well. 1525 01:20:33,931 --> 01:20:36,137 And I always remember being in school 1526 01:20:36,172 --> 01:20:38,241 and we had people come talk to us about snakes, 1527 01:20:38,275 --> 01:20:40,275 we had people come talk to us about drugs, 1528 01:20:40,310 --> 01:20:42,344 and we had people come talk to us about all kinds of things. 1529 01:20:42,379 --> 01:20:45,034 We had surf life savers come talk to us about rips. 1530 01:20:45,068 --> 01:20:46,275 But nobody taught us about sharks. 1531 01:20:49,000 --> 01:20:50,655 [Layne] Education is key. 1532 01:20:50,689 --> 01:20:52,620 And if we're uneducated, 1533 01:20:52,655 --> 01:20:55,413 then we tend to just be ignorant. 1534 01:20:55,448 --> 01:20:57,827 And then we just go with what we're told. 1535 01:20:57,862 --> 01:21:00,137 And unfortunately, we're being told lies, 1536 01:21:00,172 --> 01:21:02,172 we're being told... 1537 01:21:02,206 --> 01:21:04,103 We're actually being fed bullshit 1538 01:21:04,137 --> 01:21:06,241 around what is feasible, 1539 01:21:06,275 --> 01:21:09,241 what's a feasible way to mitigate the risk. 1540 01:21:09,275 --> 01:21:11,551 There are wonderful alternatives to culling, 1541 01:21:11,586 --> 01:21:12,896 and I think that that starts 1542 01:21:12,931 --> 01:21:14,586 with education in the community 1543 01:21:14,620 --> 01:21:17,344 on what they as individual citizens can do 1544 01:21:17,379 --> 01:21:18,793 to avoid an adverse interaction, 1545 01:21:18,827 --> 01:21:20,068 and educating them about 1546 01:21:20,103 --> 01:21:21,965 where it might be safer to swim, 1547 01:21:22,000 --> 01:21:23,827 maybe employing more lifesavers 1548 01:21:23,862 --> 01:21:25,724 who would actually save a lot more lives 1549 01:21:25,758 --> 01:21:27,034 than these culling practices, 1550 01:21:27,068 --> 01:21:29,379 which are probably more endangering lives. 1551 01:21:33,206 --> 01:21:36,241 As a surfer, swimmer, diver, and ocean-goer, 1552 01:21:36,275 --> 01:21:39,103 there are things that you can do to avoid an adverse interaction, 1553 01:21:39,137 --> 01:21:42,172 reduce your chances of encountering a shark. 1554 01:21:42,206 --> 01:21:44,275 And that's looking around and being aware. 1555 01:21:44,310 --> 01:21:46,344 Actually turning your body around. 1556 01:21:46,379 --> 01:21:48,896 And factoring in environmental conditions 1557 01:21:48,931 --> 01:21:51,965 like your proximity to other marine animals, runoff, 1558 01:21:52,000 --> 01:21:56,172 rivers, stream outlets, fishermen, fishing harbors, 1559 01:21:56,206 --> 01:21:58,172 and minimizing splashing on the surface, 1560 01:21:58,206 --> 01:22:01,241 and bright fluorescent colors that make you stand out 1561 01:22:01,275 --> 01:22:02,827 amongst everything else. 1562 01:22:05,758 --> 01:22:09,620 The Shark Control Program, or basically stopping culling, 1563 01:22:09,655 --> 01:22:12,931 is one thing that we can do relatively quick, 1564 01:22:12,965 --> 01:22:15,896 that will reduce some of the pressure 1565 01:22:15,931 --> 01:22:17,896 that sharks face. 1566 01:22:17,931 --> 01:22:20,551 In order to, I suppose, formally make a decision 1567 01:22:20,586 --> 01:22:24,482 and then enact that decision, um, that in itself takes time. 1568 01:22:24,517 --> 01:22:28,000 But we're hoping that sooner rather than later, especially, 1569 01:22:28,034 --> 01:22:29,827 you know, for people who do use the water, 1570 01:22:29,862 --> 01:22:31,379 sooner rather than later, 1571 01:22:31,413 --> 01:22:34,034 effective safety measures are put in place. 1572 01:22:36,448 --> 01:22:38,379 [Lawrence] So there are shark advocates everywhere. 1573 01:22:38,413 --> 01:22:41,379 I think anyone who's fortunate enough, as I have been, 1574 01:22:41,413 --> 01:22:43,310 to be able to spend sometime in the water 1575 01:22:43,344 --> 01:22:44,586 with some of these animals, 1576 01:22:44,620 --> 01:22:46,758 they'll all tell you what a spiritual experience it is. 1577 01:22:46,793 --> 01:22:48,275 And you see their behavior, 1578 01:22:48,310 --> 01:22:50,758 and you see the thoughtfulness behind their eyes. 1579 01:22:50,793 --> 01:22:52,793 And anyone that's been able to experience that 1580 01:22:52,827 --> 01:22:54,448 immediately becomes a shark advocate. 1581 01:22:54,482 --> 01:22:55,862 You just cannot help it. 1582 01:22:57,517 --> 01:22:59,517 [Juan] Kind of turning that fear into a fascination 1583 01:22:59,551 --> 01:23:01,862 and that fascination into, like, a healthy respect 1584 01:23:01,896 --> 01:23:03,758 to wanna do something to help protect them. 1585 01:23:03,793 --> 01:23:05,827 Especially once you hear the information. 1586 01:23:05,862 --> 01:23:07,827 And I'm hoping that can be an infective thing, 1587 01:23:07,862 --> 01:23:09,379 where other people will do the same thing 1588 01:23:09,413 --> 01:23:10,689 that I did, basically. 1589 01:23:10,724 --> 01:23:12,827 And that's what I'm trying to do with my photography. 1590 01:23:12,862 --> 01:23:14,827 It's just showing that we can coexist, 1591 01:23:14,862 --> 01:23:17,068 that we can share the same waters with these animals 1592 01:23:17,103 --> 01:23:18,482 and that we need these animals. 1593 01:23:18,517 --> 01:23:20,689 Like, most people just don't know the truth. 1594 01:23:20,724 --> 01:23:22,689 And if they did, I have to feel like 1595 01:23:22,724 --> 01:23:24,448 they would make changes 1596 01:23:24,482 --> 01:23:26,103 in the way that they consume things 1597 01:23:26,137 --> 01:23:28,172 and the way that they would actually 1598 01:23:28,206 --> 01:23:31,172 vote with their dollar or even just with a voice, 1599 01:23:31,206 --> 01:23:33,137 just speaking up for these animals. 1600 01:23:33,172 --> 01:23:34,758 They need it now more than ever. 1601 01:23:34,793 --> 01:23:37,379 I mean, if those studies are even remotely close, 1602 01:23:37,413 --> 01:23:40,241 and 5% of the world's shark population is all we got left, 1603 01:23:40,275 --> 01:23:43,758 then there's never a more important time to act than right now. 1604 01:23:45,793 --> 01:23:48,482 Every time we enter the ocean, 1605 01:23:48,517 --> 01:23:50,413 we're taking our life in our hands, 1606 01:23:50,448 --> 01:23:52,586 because it is not our backyard swimming pool. 1607 01:23:52,620 --> 01:23:54,724 Everything we do to control nature 1608 01:23:54,758 --> 01:23:57,896 has a domino effect that ripples down onto us. 1609 01:23:57,931 --> 01:24:00,103 So we have to take care of this environment, 1610 01:24:00,137 --> 01:24:01,965 we have to treasure our sharks 1611 01:24:02,000 --> 01:24:04,517 and understand exactly what it is they do 1612 01:24:04,551 --> 01:24:06,413 to keep their ecosystem in check. 1613 01:24:10,620 --> 01:24:13,344 I hope that more people's eyes will be open 1614 01:24:13,379 --> 01:24:16,862 to the importance of sharks, their plight, 1615 01:24:16,896 --> 01:24:18,724 and that people will join together 1616 01:24:18,758 --> 01:24:20,620 and do something to help protect them. 1617 01:24:20,655 --> 01:24:23,655 Just like what was done for the protection of whales 1618 01:24:23,689 --> 01:24:25,862 and many marine animals and cetaceans 1619 01:24:25,896 --> 01:24:27,551 and even turtles around the world. 1620 01:24:27,586 --> 01:24:29,862 And I think that I see the change already, 1621 01:24:29,896 --> 01:24:31,965 especially with the influence of media 1622 01:24:32,000 --> 01:24:35,068 and different companies getting on board and getting involved. 1623 01:24:36,379 --> 01:24:38,551 Your voice matters, you know, 1624 01:24:38,586 --> 01:24:39,724 especially 'cause you don't know 1625 01:24:39,758 --> 01:24:41,172 what kind of chain reaction it's gonna have. 1626 01:24:41,206 --> 01:24:43,103 You don't know what kind of seed it's gonna plant, 1627 01:24:43,137 --> 01:24:45,551 and, you know, the politicians and the big businesses 1628 01:24:45,586 --> 01:24:47,034 will listen to the masses. 1629 01:24:47,068 --> 01:24:50,620 Start. Don't think that you can't make a difference because you can. 1630 01:24:52,620 --> 01:24:54,862 [Madison] The shark nets are the one thing 1631 01:24:54,896 --> 01:24:59,103 that I have never successfully dented. 1632 01:24:59,137 --> 01:25:01,517 It's just an insane enemy to be up against. 1633 01:25:01,551 --> 01:25:04,275 So I've always been at war with them 1634 01:25:04,310 --> 01:25:05,965 throughout my entire life. 1635 01:25:06,000 --> 01:25:07,413 It's probably one of the biggest wars 1636 01:25:07,448 --> 01:25:08,896 in shark conservation 1637 01:25:08,931 --> 01:25:11,241 because it is such a delicate issue. 1638 01:25:11,275 --> 01:25:12,793 It is just off our coastline, 1639 01:25:12,827 --> 01:25:14,724 but it's so hidden from the public. 1640 01:25:14,758 --> 01:25:17,241 Making that awareness possible is really difficult. 1641 01:25:17,275 --> 01:25:19,931 And dealing with people's mentalities is really difficult. 1642 01:25:19,965 --> 01:25:21,275 So I don't know. 1643 01:25:21,310 --> 01:25:23,068 It's always been a huge challenge to me, 1644 01:25:23,103 --> 01:25:25,103 and I feel pretty confident in what I've been able to do 1645 01:25:25,137 --> 01:25:27,172 for sharks around the world, 1646 01:25:27,206 --> 01:25:30,413 but here, it's one of those things 1647 01:25:30,448 --> 01:25:32,758 that I think I'll be battling for the rest of my life. 1648 01:25:38,551 --> 01:25:41,000 [Bana] Humans have shared the oceans with these animals 1649 01:25:41,034 --> 01:25:46,206 for a mere fraction of their 450-million-year existence. 1650 01:25:46,241 --> 01:25:49,448 Sharks are the ultimate apex predators. 1651 01:25:51,000 --> 01:25:54,827 They have survived and adapted throughout ice ages, 1652 01:25:54,862 --> 01:25:57,620 heat waves, and mass extinctions, 1653 01:25:57,655 --> 01:25:59,793 to be the perfectly evolved creatures 1654 01:25:59,827 --> 01:26:02,068 we share our oceans with today. 1655 01:26:03,275 --> 01:26:05,137 But there is one mass extinction 1656 01:26:05,172 --> 01:26:08,379 they are struggling to survive. 1657 01:26:08,413 --> 01:26:12,724 The one our arrogance, entitlement, and fear is fueling. 1658 01:26:15,241 --> 01:26:18,551 There are positive changes being made, 1659 01:26:18,586 --> 01:26:23,551 driven by a dedicated few, but we need more voices. 1660 01:26:25,517 --> 01:26:27,482 At this point in our history, 1661 01:26:27,517 --> 01:26:29,620 we know that we must protect them, 1662 01:26:29,655 --> 01:26:33,103 not just for them to survive, but for our own survival. 1663 01:26:35,000 --> 01:26:38,724 Sharks will survive just fine without us, 1664 01:26:38,758 --> 01:26:41,275 but we cannot survive without them. 1665 01:26:42,620 --> 01:26:45,586 For their future and ours, 1666 01:26:45,620 --> 01:26:48,896 we must become their envoy. 1667 01:28:11,137 --> 01:28:16,482 [dramatic music playing] 1668 01:28:16,517 --> 01:28:18,517 -Save the sharks. -Save the sharks. 1669 01:28:18,551 --> 01:28:22,344 [man] Thousands held protests in Melbourne and Perth on Saturday. 1670 01:28:22,379 --> 01:28:24,551 They called on the Western Australian Government 1671 01:28:24,586 --> 01:28:27,206 to abandon the shark culling plan 1672 01:28:27,241 --> 01:28:29,172 announced last month. 1673 01:28:29,206 --> 01:28:31,241 Six people have been killed by sharks 1674 01:28:31,275 --> 01:28:33,793 and several more attacked in the local waters 1675 01:28:33,827 --> 01:28:35,620 since September 2011. 1676 01:28:35,655 --> 01:28:37,448 That's gonna target large sharks 1677 01:28:37,482 --> 01:28:39,862 including, uh, the vulnerable great white shark, 1678 01:28:39,896 --> 01:28:44,586 and we believe it's 2014 and we're beyond that now. 1679 01:28:44,620 --> 01:28:48,448 [man] Under the plan, baited drumlines would be set off local beaches 1680 01:28:48,482 --> 01:28:50,206 to catch great white sharks, 1681 01:28:50,241 --> 01:28:53,241 tiger, and bull sharks bigger than three meters. 1682 01:28:53,275 --> 01:28:54,931 Protesters claim killing sharks 1683 01:28:54,965 --> 01:28:57,275 would devastate the marine ecosystem. 1684 01:28:57,310 --> 01:29:01,137 [woman] The protests grew from hundreds to thousands. 1685 01:29:01,172 --> 01:29:02,827 It's their water! 1686 01:29:02,862 --> 01:29:04,413 [all] Stop the slaughter! 1687 01:29:04,448 --> 01:29:07,551 Please just change the policy. 1688 01:29:07,586 --> 01:29:09,862 [woman] Some protesters went too far 1689 01:29:09,896 --> 01:29:13,172 with death threats against the premier and fisheries minister 1690 01:29:13,206 --> 01:29:15,448 and abuse for contract fishermen. 1691 01:29:15,482 --> 01:29:19,137 But even shark victims didn't like the drumlines. 1692 01:29:19,172 --> 01:29:21,793 Killing animals isn't the greatest idea. 1693 01:29:21,827 --> 01:29:23,517 It's barbaric, it's ridiculous. 1694 01:29:23,551 --> 01:29:27,482 [woman] In three months last summer, 172 sharks were caught, 1695 01:29:27,517 --> 01:29:30,206 more than 60 were shot or found dead. 1696 01:29:30,241 --> 01:29:32,896 None were great whites. 1697 01:29:32,931 --> 01:29:35,379 Good evening, the state government's drumline policy 1698 01:29:35,413 --> 01:29:38,103 has been scrapped after the environmental watchdog 1699 01:29:38,137 --> 01:29:39,551 warned against it. 1700 01:29:39,586 --> 01:29:42,689 The premier used the EPA report to pull the plug 1701 01:29:42,724 --> 01:29:44,482 on the controversial kill. 1702 01:29:44,517 --> 01:29:46,379 Matt Tinney, what does that mean 1703 01:29:46,413 --> 01:29:47,827 for our beaches this summer? 1704 01:29:48,724 --> 01:29:50,137 Libby, put simply, this summer, 1705 01:29:50,172 --> 01:29:53,413 sharks will not be caught and killed like we've seen before. 1706 01:29:53,448 --> 01:29:55,103 In fact, we may never see it again. 1707 01:29:55,137 --> 01:29:58,931 Colin Barnett now thinks Perth beaches are safe without drumlines, 1708 01:29:58,965 --> 01:30:01,413 but he says he still has a responsibility 1709 01:30:01,448 --> 01:30:03,586 to try to prevent shark attacks. 1710 01:30:07,413 --> 01:30:10,586 [man] Dead in the water, the state government's drumline policy 1711 01:30:10,620 --> 01:30:12,827 has effectively been killed off. 1712 01:30:12,862 --> 01:30:14,793 [Colin Barnett] No, look, I don't think drumlines will apply 1713 01:30:14,827 --> 01:30:16,517 in Western Australia for the summer. 1714 01:30:16,551 --> 01:30:18,448 And probably maybe not again. 1715 01:30:18,482 --> 01:30:19,551 [man] The state government 1716 01:30:19,586 --> 01:30:22,172 had planned to deploy drumlines in two months, 1717 01:30:22,206 --> 01:30:25,275 up to 72 off Perth and the Southwest 1718 01:30:25,310 --> 01:30:29,241 from November to April until 2017. 1719 01:30:29,275 --> 01:30:32,000 But today, the Environmental Protection Authority 1720 01:30:32,034 --> 01:30:34,379 gave the proposal the thumbs down. 1721 01:30:34,413 --> 01:30:37,931 The EPA has recommended that this proposal 1722 01:30:37,965 --> 01:30:39,551 not be implemented. 1723 01:30:39,586 --> 01:30:41,655 I repeat, the EPA has recommended 1724 01:30:41,689 --> 01:30:44,034 that this proposal not be implemented. 1725 01:30:44,068 --> 01:30:46,137 [man] The EPA says there's a high degree 1726 01:30:46,172 --> 01:30:50,344 of scientific uncertainty about impacts on the viability 1727 01:30:50,379 --> 01:30:53,517 of the southwestern great white shark population. 1728 01:30:53,551 --> 01:30:57,413 The government had estimated up to 25 great whites 1729 01:30:57,448 --> 01:30:59,758 would be killed as part of the program. 1730 01:31:01,000 --> 01:31:02,310 [man 1] This is fucked, aye. 1731 01:31:02,344 --> 01:31:03,655 I know you guys are just doing your job, 1732 01:31:03,689 --> 01:31:05,551 but this is just cruel, man. 1733 01:31:05,586 --> 01:31:07,620 If you are going to put it down, put it down.