1 00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:10,840 This year, the world's best-known climate activist, 2 00:00:10,840 --> 00:00:13,360 Greta Thunberg, turned 18. 3 00:00:16,600 --> 00:00:20,280 People say a lot of things about me. 4 00:00:20,280 --> 00:00:22,880 Greta... You know Greta? 5 00:00:22,880 --> 00:00:25,160 CROWD JEERS AND BOOS 6 00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:30,840 People call me a brat, an idiot. 7 00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:38,800 And yet, for reasons I don't understand, 8 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:41,720 people listen when I talk. 9 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:44,240 CROWD CHEERS 10 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:47,080 You are listening to me right now. 11 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:49,440 CROWD CHANT: Greta! Greta! Greta! 12 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:51,360 But I don't want that. 13 00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:54,360 I don't want you to listen to me. 14 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:56,960 I want you to listen to the science. 15 00:00:58,040 --> 00:01:02,280 We are seeing a huge change in the temperature of the planet. 16 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:04,160 The science is very clear. 17 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:07,800 This is not someone else's problem. We all need to act now. 18 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:12,480 This series follows Greta on an extraordinary year 19 00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:14,880 in her mission to fight climate change. 20 00:01:16,760 --> 00:01:20,000 I've been going the whole way around the world the wrong way. 21 00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:23,440 In 2019, 22 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:26,640 she took a year off school and set out to witness first-hand 23 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:28,840 the impact of global warming 24 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:31,360 with the world's leading climate experts... 25 00:01:31,360 --> 00:01:33,760 This year we had the fastest melt rate 26 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:36,480 we've ever measured - six metres of ice down. 27 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:42,120 ..and discover whether technology can help protect our future. 28 00:01:42,120 --> 00:01:45,800 But we could store all the emissions we could potentially imagine. 29 00:01:45,800 --> 00:01:51,080 We should be hopeful, but hope doesn't come from words. 30 00:01:51,080 --> 00:01:53,080 Hope only comes from action. 31 00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:57,760 Greta has taken her protest to the global stage. 32 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:00,880 World leaders are behaving like children, 33 00:02:00,880 --> 00:02:05,080 so it falls on us to be the adults in the room. 34 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:10,160 But in a year when Covid-19 brought life to a standstill... 35 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:14,840 The risk level has risen. The coronavirus continues to spread. 36 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:18,520 I have contracted the coronavirus. 37 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:22,560 ..can Greta convince a world reeling from one crisis... 38 00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:25,800 ..to finally face another? 39 00:02:27,760 --> 00:02:31,400 Covid-19 has really given the world a tremendous opportunity to reset. 40 00:02:31,400 --> 00:02:32,720 We're never getting out of here. 41 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:34,960 How we address the climate crisis 42 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:38,200 will determine what the future of life on Earth looks like. 43 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:43,680 We can act, but we don't have time to wait. 44 00:03:04,120 --> 00:03:06,560 ON RADIO: From the United Nations to the US Congress, 45 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:09,280 Greta Thunberg is gaining international acclaim 46 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:11,480 for her fight to stop climate change. 47 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:16,160 Just four weeks ago, 48 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:18,400 at the start of her year out of school, 49 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:21,440 Greta was in New York addressing the United Nations. 50 00:03:22,960 --> 00:03:27,720 And if you choose to fail us, I say we will never forgive you. 51 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:29,360 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 52 00:03:29,360 --> 00:03:31,160 How dare you! 53 00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:38,400 Now, she and her father, Svante, 54 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:41,160 are heading far beyond the glare of the world's media 55 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:45,000 to the Canadian Rockies to see evidence of climate change. 56 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:52,120 But first, she's going north to Edmonton 57 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:53,760 to address a climate strike 58 00:03:53,760 --> 00:03:56,600 in the capital of the oil-rich province of Alberta. 59 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:05,760 CROWD CHEERING 60 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:09,000 CROWD CHANT: ..get down! Keep the fossil fuels in the ground! 61 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:13,040 Get up, get down! Keep the fossil fuels in the ground! 62 00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:15,280 Are you writing your speech? 63 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:17,520 No, it's already done. 64 00:04:17,520 --> 00:04:18,920 I'm just reading through it 65 00:04:18,920 --> 00:04:21,800 to make sure that I don't want to make any last-minute changes, 66 00:04:21,800 --> 00:04:23,200 which I always do. 67 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:29,120 Maybe I should go in advance with the big bag? 68 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:33,040 We do everything together so much, but this part we don't do together. 69 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:36,280 No. I don't want him at the marches. 70 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:42,920 Father. Supportive father. That's... That's the role I play. 71 00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,040 You know, the first time she spoke in public, 72 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:48,480 I was terrified, you know, because of her autism. 73 00:04:48,480 --> 00:04:50,800 Would she run away? Would she start to cry? 74 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:52,560 Would she go silent? Would she...? 75 00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:54,480 Would she do something that would hurt her? 76 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:57,760 INDISTINCT CHANTING 77 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:00,120 Will this be too warm? 78 00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:03,640 Uh, no. I'd say no. 79 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:07,680 And take the stairs, cos the lift takes forever. 80 00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:09,120 See you down there. 81 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:15,880 It's barely a year 82 00:05:15,880 --> 00:05:18,080 since Greta first skipped school 83 00:05:18,080 --> 00:05:21,560 and started a lone protest outside the Swedish parliament, 84 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:24,560 demanding action on climate change. 85 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:27,840 My name is Greta and I am 15 years old, 86 00:05:27,840 --> 00:05:29,800 and I am school-striking for the climate. 87 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:31,120 We will not stop. 88 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:33,680 This is our future and this is our choice. 89 00:05:33,680 --> 00:05:37,960 Since then, her act of defiance has inspired the young, 90 00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:40,400 captured the attention of world leaders 91 00:05:40,400 --> 00:05:42,920 and snowballed into a mass movement. 92 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:49,720 My favourite story growing up was The Emperor's New Clothes. 93 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:56,680 The Emperor is naked and everyone just pretends he isn't. 94 00:05:56,680 --> 00:06:02,720 The only one who dares to question this collective lie is a child. 95 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:07,600 That story really is the story of... of ourselves, 96 00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:11,320 of our society, of how the world looks now. 97 00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:18,520 We climate activists are that child saying that the Emperor is naked. 98 00:06:21,720 --> 00:06:24,880 Convoy with Greta is on its way. 99 00:06:24,880 --> 00:06:27,960 When someone dares to say that out loud, 100 00:06:27,960 --> 00:06:29,560 that changes something. 101 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:32,320 WHISTLING 102 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:38,680 Today is Friday, and as always, we are on climate strike. 103 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:41,400 CHEERING 104 00:06:41,400 --> 00:06:47,440 We teenagers are not scientists, nor are we politicians, 105 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:51,600 but it seems many of us understand the science 106 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:54,000 because we have done our homework. 107 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:56,760 DRUM POUNDING, CROWD CHEERS AND CHANTS 108 00:06:56,760 --> 00:06:59,920 People think that I am an angry teenager 109 00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:02,560 who screams at world leaders. 110 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:05,600 That's, like, the picture people have of me. 111 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:07,560 That's not who I am. 112 00:07:07,560 --> 00:07:10,680 We are doing this because our future is at stake, 113 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:15,800 and we want the people in power to unite behind the science. 114 00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:18,080 CHEERING 115 00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:19,880 We say, "Yeah, we're going to limit 116 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:22,360 "the global average temperature rise to 1.5." 117 00:07:22,360 --> 00:07:24,360 That's what it says in the Paris Agreement. 118 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:27,640 But then we... we just continued like before, 119 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:29,880 which would be catastrophic. 120 00:07:29,880 --> 00:07:32,680 That is what I'm trying to highlight. 121 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:34,640 So thank you, and continue. 122 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:35,960 Never give up. 123 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:37,680 We stand together. 124 00:07:37,680 --> 00:07:40,640 DRUM POUNDING, CROWD CHEERS 125 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:47,960 In 2015, 196 states signed up to the Paris Agreement 126 00:07:47,960 --> 00:07:52,000 to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius 127 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:56,080 and pursue efforts to keep it to 1.5 degrees. 128 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,360 Greta's mission is to hold them to the agreement, 129 00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:03,000 but not everyone here supports her message. 130 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:06,080 REPORTER: Here in a province that relies on resource revenue, 131 00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:07,920 the sound of opposition rings loud. 132 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:10,320 HORN HONKS 133 00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:12,360 We want to show Canada and Greta 134 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:14,760 that we're very environmentally friendly in Alberta 135 00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:16,160 with our oil patch. 136 00:08:16,160 --> 00:08:18,640 We're environmental leaders in the whole world. 137 00:08:18,640 --> 00:08:20,880 Well, we're just making a little noise 138 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:23,120 to let people know that Alberta 139 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:26,160 isn't about to give up on our oil sands or oil gas sector. 140 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:27,880 We need jobs in Alberta. 141 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:29,200 Do we need Greta? 142 00:08:29,200 --> 00:08:30,400 Greta, no. 143 00:08:38,120 --> 00:08:42,400 The Canadian oil and gas industries employ over 170,000 people... 144 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:47,880 ..and contribute over $70 billion a year to the country. 145 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:52,160 But it's also the largest contributor 146 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:55,000 to Canada's greenhouse gas emissions - 147 00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:58,720 a potential trade-off between the strength of the economy 148 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:01,400 and the health of the planet. 149 00:09:01,400 --> 00:09:03,880 It's a story repeated around the world. 150 00:09:05,200 --> 00:09:07,000 This is what it's all about. 151 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:08,600 This is the... 152 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:11,240 ..the centre, the heart of it. 153 00:09:11,240 --> 00:09:15,640 The thing that drives everything, that drives the economy. 154 00:09:15,640 --> 00:09:17,320 People won't see this. 155 00:09:17,320 --> 00:09:22,240 They won't see how the... this oil is extracted, 156 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:27,320 how... where their petrol or where their fuel comes from. 157 00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:31,600 And yet, it is destroying so many people's lives 158 00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:33,960 and so much natural habitat. 159 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:37,960 Something definitely needs to change, 160 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:39,720 something drastic, 161 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:42,960 and yet, I don't know how this industry 162 00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:47,800 will be able to continue if we take the action required. 163 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:52,080 But it's... It has to change. Things have to change. 164 00:09:54,720 --> 00:09:57,760 ON RADIO: Average temperatures in Canada have risen 165 00:09:57,760 --> 00:09:59,600 by 1.7 degrees Celsius, 166 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:03,040 twice as fast as the rest of the world. 167 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:07,760 1.7 degrees since the 1940s might not seem significant. 168 00:10:09,760 --> 00:10:12,160 But to understand the impact that can have, 169 00:10:12,160 --> 00:10:14,000 Greta is spending the next week 170 00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:17,200 heading to three key locations in North America. 171 00:10:20,520 --> 00:10:23,360 First, she's off to Jasper National Park 172 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:25,360 in Canada's Rocky Mountains. 173 00:10:29,560 --> 00:10:34,920 It's home to pristine pine forests, but huge tracts are dying. 174 00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:43,800 Greta's come to meet biologist Brenda Sheppard 175 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:47,120 to find out what's causing this drastic change. 176 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:53,840 What kind of different animals are there here, usually? 177 00:10:53,840 --> 00:10:56,480 When I walked down here on Friday... Yeah. 178 00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:01,840 ..I saw a female grizzly bear with her three cubs on this trail. 179 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:07,800 Scientists have discovered that a rise in temperature 180 00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:11,040 has allowed a pest to flourish and attack these trees, 181 00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:13,520 leaving them defenceless. 182 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:16,880 And what is this colouring on the side? 183 00:11:16,880 --> 00:11:20,040 So, this tree is all red and dead, 184 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:22,520 and it was infested by mountain pine beetle. 185 00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:24,760 It eventually kills. 186 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:28,160 The females burrow in under the bark, 187 00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:32,840 and then they start to eat the tissue 188 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:34,720 and build these galleries. 189 00:11:34,720 --> 00:11:36,280 And inside the galleries... 190 00:11:36,280 --> 00:11:39,120 It almost looks like a maze under the bark. 191 00:11:39,120 --> 00:11:41,120 And she lays her eggs. 192 00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:46,920 When the larvae hatch, 193 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:49,200 they feed on the tissue that the tree uses 194 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:50,920 to transport its nutrients. 195 00:11:53,960 --> 00:11:56,800 Effectively, it starves. 196 00:11:56,800 --> 00:11:59,680 It's rare for a tree to be able to survive 197 00:11:59,680 --> 00:12:01,680 a mountain pine beetle infestation. 198 00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:03,280 The needles will start to drop 199 00:12:03,280 --> 00:12:06,960 and they will become kind of like skeleton trees. 200 00:12:06,960 --> 00:12:08,400 The beetles have never before 201 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:11,200 caused such widespread destruction here. 202 00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:17,280 Freezing winter temperatures normally kill them off. 203 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:20,200 So, approximately how cold does it need to be to... 204 00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:23,480 ..to kill this beetle? 205 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:27,480 We need at least several days of around minus 40, 206 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:31,760 which would be historically the norm for us. 207 00:12:31,760 --> 00:12:33,760 But over the last decade, 208 00:12:33,760 --> 00:12:36,600 the winters have not been cold enough any more 209 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:37,800 to kill the beetle. 210 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:44,320 The population of mountain pine beetle 211 00:12:44,320 --> 00:12:46,640 has been growing and growing in the park. 212 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:52,640 About 50% of the forested area of the park has been affected. 213 00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:56,120 Half of the forest. 214 00:12:56,120 --> 00:12:58,720 Half the forested area, and the park is big. 215 00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:01,040 Like, it's 11,000 square kilometres. 216 00:13:02,560 --> 00:13:05,440 It's hard to think about. It's just... 217 00:13:07,080 --> 00:13:10,920 ..so big to...to understand. 218 00:13:14,600 --> 00:13:18,200 Does that have any effect on any other species as well? 219 00:13:18,200 --> 00:13:23,120 This tree is supporting the birds, the squirrels, 220 00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:27,200 the grizzly bears, and many other species. 221 00:13:27,200 --> 00:13:31,040 And the ecosystem would be changed drastically 222 00:13:31,040 --> 00:13:33,680 if that species were no longer there. 223 00:13:37,560 --> 00:13:40,240 You might not think that these small, 224 00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:43,800 small, insignificant changes in measured temperatures 225 00:13:43,800 --> 00:13:45,880 will lead to anything, 226 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:49,280 but we have to understand that ecological systems 227 00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:51,760 are very complex. 228 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:55,120 If you change one tiny thing very, very slightly, 229 00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:57,640 that could have devastating consequences. 230 00:14:05,680 --> 00:14:10,400 What we now know is nature is all completely interconnected, 231 00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:11,800 and so therefore, 232 00:14:11,800 --> 00:14:13,920 when climate change affects one aspect, 233 00:14:13,920 --> 00:14:16,720 it has repercussions on all other aspects. 234 00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:20,600 We're living through a biodiversity crisis. 235 00:14:20,600 --> 00:14:25,080 One study showed that for the best studied species, 236 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:29,320 land mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, 237 00:14:29,320 --> 00:14:32,200 some 20% to 30% of those species 238 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:37,280 would be committed to extinction by 2050 on current trends. 239 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:41,280 It's a really shocking, worrying statistic. 240 00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:45,000 There are so many species that are already endangered, 241 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:47,560 they're already at the brink. 242 00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:50,880 What climate change is doing to biodiversity 243 00:14:50,880 --> 00:14:54,520 is putting so much of what's left at risk. 244 00:14:56,560 --> 00:14:59,800 If you look over the last ten years at drought events, 245 00:14:59,800 --> 00:15:03,080 these are killing off these beautiful trees, 246 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:05,760 these absolute giants of the rainforest. 247 00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:08,440 And with those trees, 248 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:10,280 you're not only losing the biodiversity 249 00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:11,840 associated with the trees. 250 00:15:11,840 --> 00:15:14,440 You're also losing the ability of that tree 251 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:17,600 to take up atmospheric carbon dioxide. 252 00:15:17,600 --> 00:15:20,640 These trees, they're often described as the lungs of the Earth. 253 00:15:20,640 --> 00:15:22,960 Take those trees away, 254 00:15:22,960 --> 00:15:27,040 you lose the ability of nature to really balance our atmosphere. 255 00:15:32,920 --> 00:15:35,040 Greta's commitment to activism 256 00:15:35,040 --> 00:15:38,080 has seen her spend much of the last year on the road. 257 00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:51,600 I want to be just a normal teenager, 258 00:15:51,600 --> 00:15:54,760 but this is not a normal situation, 259 00:15:54,760 --> 00:15:59,240 and I think we must step out of our comfort zones. 260 00:15:59,240 --> 00:16:02,600 As a parent, I support her in what she does. 261 00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:04,960 If she would have been a football player 262 00:16:04,960 --> 00:16:08,080 or ballet dancing or piano playing or whatever, 263 00:16:08,080 --> 00:16:10,160 I would have supported her. 264 00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:13,040 So, that's what she wants to do, then so be it. 265 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:14,360 Yeah. I'll do that. 266 00:16:14,360 --> 00:16:17,280 You probably wish I had picked up ballet dancing, or something. 267 00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:20,440 THEY CHUCKLE I do. I do. I do. 268 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:22,080 Yeah, I do. 269 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:24,640 You know, she's so driven, 270 00:16:24,640 --> 00:16:27,960 and she found a purpose and a meaning 271 00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:30,800 and a joy in doing all this. 272 00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:34,080 And it was just like she... she fell into place. 273 00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:50,160 Svante is now driving Greta further into the Canadian Rockies. 274 00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:59,040 Here, glaciers cover hundreds of square miles 275 00:16:59,040 --> 00:17:02,720 and provide fresh water for millions of people in North America. 276 00:17:11,040 --> 00:17:12,840 We've got a long walk to get to the ice now. 277 00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:14,080 Yeah. 278 00:17:15,920 --> 00:17:18,120 She's here to find out how climate change 279 00:17:18,120 --> 00:17:19,760 is affecting this landscape. 280 00:17:19,760 --> 00:17:22,000 Greta has joined Professor John Pomeroy 281 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,720 and his team of hydrologists, 282 00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:26,280 who've been studying the Athabasca Glacier. 283 00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:33,600 So, it was about 400 years for a snowflake to turn into ice 284 00:17:33,600 --> 00:17:37,040 and then flow from the top of the Columbia Icefield 285 00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:39,480 down to the Athabasca Glacier. 286 00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:43,320 So, when we get up to the toe of the glacier, 287 00:17:43,320 --> 00:17:47,080 we'll see ice that had formed in the Renaissance period. 288 00:17:47,080 --> 00:17:48,200 Mm. 289 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:53,200 The Athabasca Glacier has been part of this vast ice field 290 00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:54,960 for thousands of years. 291 00:17:58,320 --> 00:18:00,000 But in just over a century, 292 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:03,240 it's lost more than a third of its volume. 293 00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:08,200 When I first came here in 1979, the ice was right around here. 294 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:14,200 We didn't understand then that the glacial retreat here 295 00:18:14,200 --> 00:18:18,720 was already accelerating because of human-caused climate change. 296 00:18:18,720 --> 00:18:21,320 When did it become clear why? 297 00:18:21,320 --> 00:18:26,560 It became clear later in the 1980s as the ice melt increased, 298 00:18:26,560 --> 00:18:29,680 and this year we had the fastest melt rate 299 00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:31,920 we've ever measured on the Athabasca - 300 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:34,640 six metres of ice down over the summer - 301 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,920 faster than our models were predicting. 302 00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:47,720 Professor Pomeroy has discovered it's not just rising temperatures 303 00:18:47,720 --> 00:18:50,720 that are pushing this and other glaciers to the brink. 304 00:18:56,360 --> 00:18:58,480 How far up are we going? 305 00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:01,880 We'll go up here onto the bare ice. 306 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:09,040 Well, this crunchy ice is weathering crust. 307 00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:14,320 Underneath it, we should have the real glacier ice. 308 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:16,000 Here, take a...take a shot. 309 00:19:21,480 --> 00:19:23,280 Ah. Look at that. 310 00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:26,400 It's dust and soot from fires under this 311 00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:28,200 because of climate change, 312 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:32,200 or more forest fires that put ash and soot onto the glacier, 313 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:33,800 and they darken it. 314 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:37,520 Dark colours absorb more sunlight and heat up faster, 315 00:19:37,520 --> 00:19:41,560 so the more soot and dust from increasingly common forest fires, 316 00:19:41,560 --> 00:19:44,160 the less sunlight the glacier can reflect. 317 00:19:46,040 --> 00:19:49,560 Its reflectance we measured this summer was only 18%. 318 00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:51,920 Normally for clean glacier ice, 319 00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:53,480 we'd expect around 30%. 320 00:19:53,480 --> 00:19:57,600 And that makes the glacier melt faster. 321 00:19:57,600 --> 00:19:59,840 It does. It makes it melt much faster. 322 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:01,200 And it's not just here. 323 00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:04,280 It's Greenland, it's the Andes, it's the Himalayas. 324 00:20:04,280 --> 00:20:07,760 It's all over with the soot and the dust darkening them. 325 00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:10,000 So, it's something that we didn't expect, 326 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:13,320 and it's pushing these glaciers past their tipping point. 327 00:20:17,280 --> 00:20:19,920 As global temperatures rise, 328 00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:23,000 the Athabasca Glacier will pass its tipping point, 329 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:25,440 and like many others around the world, 330 00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:27,240 will eventually disappear. 331 00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,720 You think of glaciers as great and powerful things, 332 00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:35,800 but in fact, they're very fragile, 333 00:20:35,800 --> 00:20:39,040 and we know we're not bringing this glacier back. 334 00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:43,920 I knew things...things were bad, 335 00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:48,160 and I have read about these kinds of things a lot, 336 00:20:48,160 --> 00:20:52,320 but to really be here and to stand on the glacier, 337 00:20:52,320 --> 00:20:56,720 and to...and to hear from you, who has so much experience in this, 338 00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:59,360 it's just... 339 00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:03,760 ..it makes you realise it's... it's for real. 340 00:21:16,440 --> 00:21:18,040 The glaciers of the world 341 00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:22,000 are one of the canaries in the coal mine, if you like. 342 00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:24,880 Even if we pause climate change now, 343 00:21:24,880 --> 00:21:29,200 it's predicted that 30% to 40% of the volume of total glaciers 344 00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:30,440 would be lost. 345 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:38,360 People depend heavily upon the source of fresh water 346 00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:42,160 that's stored in glaciers for irrigation and for drinking. 347 00:21:43,640 --> 00:21:48,120 It's been estimated that climate changes that affect glaciers 348 00:21:48,120 --> 00:21:50,760 could affect nearly two billion people. 349 00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:54,800 Since the early 1990s, 350 00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:57,840 Earth has lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice, 351 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,480 and that's a huge number. 352 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:03,960 So, that's arising from melting mountain glaciers, 353 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:05,560 the polar ice sheets, 354 00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:08,320 and sea ice in both polar oceans. 355 00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:11,840 When the water ends up in the sea, as it ultimately will do, 356 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:14,080 that'll cause sea levels to rise. 357 00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:18,160 Some climate models predict an extra metre of sea level rise 358 00:22:18,160 --> 00:22:20,360 by the end of this century. 359 00:22:20,360 --> 00:22:22,000 This is a real consequence 360 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:24,680 for large numbers of people around the planet. 361 00:22:26,280 --> 00:22:29,920 Sea level rise has had a significant impact on the life 362 00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:32,760 within the Caribbean region. 363 00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:34,480 There's always a place 364 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:38,320 where somebody can point to a location in the sea and say, 365 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:40,720 "I can remember when that location 366 00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:43,120 "used to be on the land." 367 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:47,520 Almost every coastline in the world 368 00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:50,480 is susceptible to changing sea levels. 369 00:22:59,160 --> 00:23:02,000 Everything is going to change. 370 00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:03,880 The question is just, 371 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:08,280 will the changes be on our terms or on nature's terms? 372 00:23:08,280 --> 00:23:10,960 We just have to choose. 373 00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:15,560 But the more time goes by, the more that opportunity decreases. 374 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:20,720 In six weeks' time, 375 00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:22,920 Greta is due to address a UN climate conference 376 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:24,440 in South America... 377 00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:28,840 ..so she and Svante are heading south through California... 378 00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:37,000 ..in a country where climate change is a very divisive issue. 379 00:23:38,200 --> 00:23:40,360 TV HOST: Greta, listen very closely. 380 00:23:40,360 --> 00:23:42,680 Climate change is not going to kill you. 381 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:45,920 The world is not going to end in 12 years. 382 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:49,320 You can have babies and you will have a future. 383 00:23:50,800 --> 00:23:53,640 People don't want to talk about the climate, 384 00:23:53,640 --> 00:23:57,280 so they make it about...about me. 385 00:23:57,280 --> 00:23:59,160 Greta... You know Greta? 386 00:23:59,160 --> 00:24:02,320 CROWD JEERS AND BOOS 387 00:24:06,440 --> 00:24:08,440 I'm such a public figure 388 00:24:08,440 --> 00:24:11,440 and everything I do gets completely twisted. 389 00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:15,160 Today, I am proud to introduce to you Greta Thunberg. 390 00:24:15,160 --> 00:24:17,600 CHEERING 391 00:24:26,120 --> 00:24:32,240 People spend all their time online spreading conspiracy theories 392 00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:35,240 and send death threats to me and my family. 393 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:42,160 There's been some, you know, dark moments. 394 00:24:42,160 --> 00:24:45,040 In those moments, I've told her, you know, "Either you... 395 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:48,240 "You know, you want to do this, then you do it. 396 00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:50,120 "If you don't want to do it, we go home now." 397 00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:52,320 We are living in the beginning 398 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:56,200 of a climate and ecological breakdown, 399 00:24:56,200 --> 00:25:01,080 and we cannot continue to look away from this crisis any more. 400 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:03,120 CHEERING 401 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:07,600 I don't mind the hate. 402 00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:10,240 I don't care what people say about me, 403 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:12,840 but it's just when it becomes, like, physical 404 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:15,880 and when it affects your family, 405 00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:18,560 that's a whole other different story. 406 00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:21,400 Thank you. 407 00:25:21,400 --> 00:25:23,520 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 408 00:25:25,440 --> 00:25:31,240 Not many have experienced something like this at such a young age. 409 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:33,880 So, yeah. 410 00:25:49,400 --> 00:25:51,120 For the last few years, 411 00:25:51,120 --> 00:25:54,240 California has been ravaged by wildfires. 412 00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:00,800 NEWS PRESENTER: There are over 8,000 firefighters 413 00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:03,440 currently fighting fires throughout the state. 414 00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:06,880 To date, over 209,000 acres have burned. 415 00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:11,320 Close to a quarter of a million Californians have been evacuated. 416 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:22,160 In 2018, the town of Paradise was almost completely destroyed. 417 00:26:25,360 --> 00:26:26,800 This looks kind of bad. 418 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:29,840 These were all houses. 419 00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:34,680 God, these dead trees. 420 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:36,520 All the root system. 421 00:26:38,760 --> 00:26:40,600 Hi. Good to meet you. You too. 422 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:43,800 Greta is meeting local resident Julian Martinez, 423 00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:47,320 who only just escaped the wildfire with his life. 424 00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:53,000 This tree stump right here used to be maybe a 120-foot-tall pine tree, 425 00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:55,400 and that was my front porch. 426 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:57,800 When did the fire occur? 427 00:26:57,800 --> 00:27:00,120 November 8th, 2018. 428 00:27:00,120 --> 00:27:02,960 That morning, I woke up at seven o'clock, 429 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:06,400 and I could hear the wind outside, which was really strong. 430 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,840 And over in about that direction right there, 431 00:27:09,840 --> 00:27:12,080 you could see a plume of smoke. 432 00:27:12,080 --> 00:27:13,920 And so at about eight o'clock we said, 433 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:16,760 "OK, we've got to start packing up to get out of here." 434 00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:18,960 Right when we were about to pull out, 435 00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:20,920 the sky just blacked out 436 00:27:20,920 --> 00:27:23,480 and it looked like night-time all of a sudden. 437 00:27:23,480 --> 00:27:27,120 And we were able to get out before the town gridlocked. 438 00:27:27,120 --> 00:27:29,760 HEAVY BREATHING 439 00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:36,280 ON RADIO: ..ordering an evacuation order now due to the fire... 440 00:27:36,280 --> 00:27:42,680 As the wildfire engulfed Paradise, its 27,000 residents tried to flee, 441 00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:45,200 many recording their escape. 442 00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:46,840 There's nowhere to go. 443 00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:49,560 Oh, my God. Oh, my God. Oh, my God. I don't want to get caught there. 444 00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:52,520 It's starting to burn all around me. 445 00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:54,760 Oh, my God. Oh, my God! 446 00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:56,600 Burning right here! 447 00:27:57,760 --> 00:27:59,360 Come on, people! Go! 448 00:27:59,360 --> 00:28:01,840 The flames moved so intensely, you know, 449 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:05,120 it went from a minor thing to the whole town was gone 450 00:28:05,120 --> 00:28:07,280 within a couple of hours. 451 00:28:07,280 --> 00:28:11,400 And the roads kind of acted like a funnel through the flames. 452 00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:14,240 There's stuff really burning on all sides. 453 00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:16,640 Heavenly Father, please help us. 454 00:28:16,640 --> 00:28:18,120 We're never getting out of here. 455 00:28:18,120 --> 00:28:19,240 HORN HONKS Come on! 456 00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:20,560 Are they finished? Come on! 457 00:28:20,560 --> 00:28:22,880 Let's go! Let's go! INDISTINCT SHOUTING 458 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:25,440 TEARFULLY: Dear God, help me to get out of this! 459 00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:27,120 Please! Please! 460 00:28:37,800 --> 00:28:41,600 I think 86 people died in the fire. 461 00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:46,440 There's a sense of guilt that I have for leaving town so quickly. 462 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:51,800 TEARFULLY: You know, knowing that there were... 463 00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:53,240 HE EXHALES SHARPLY 464 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:56,800 Sorry. I completely understand. It must be very hard. 465 00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:01,880 There were a lot of people that needed help. 466 00:29:03,800 --> 00:29:08,280 So, you know, knowing that those other people were left behind 467 00:29:08,280 --> 00:29:11,920 is something that has stuck with me. 468 00:29:15,600 --> 00:29:20,280 I feel it's just so incredibly sad, I can't... 469 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,400 ..I can't imagine what you have been going through. 470 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:27,520 The wildfire that engulfed Paradise 471 00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:30,000 was the deadliest California has ever seen. 472 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:34,840 NEWS PRESENTER: Many of the dead were found in burned-out cars 473 00:29:34,840 --> 00:29:36,920 and destroyed buildings. 474 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:38,920 The town is still recovering. 475 00:29:44,880 --> 00:29:49,120 There's been people who have committed suicide after the fire 476 00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:52,760 just because they've had their lives taken away from them. 477 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,200 I mean, even right now, as we're speaking, 478 00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:01,680 there's fires that are popping up all over California. 479 00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:05,400 When you hear about these stories, 480 00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:08,360 and especially when you meet these people, 481 00:30:08,360 --> 00:30:11,760 you try to imagine yourself in that situation. 482 00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:17,440 How difficult it must have been to lose everything 483 00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:20,200 and just leave everything behind. 484 00:30:23,160 --> 00:30:27,320 We see all of these things repeating themselves over and over again. 485 00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:30,960 People die and people suffer from it, 486 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:33,600 but we completely fail to connect the dots. 487 00:30:37,040 --> 00:30:39,400 NEWS PRESENTER: Wildfires are continuing to engulf 488 00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:42,440 large parts of the West Coast of the United States. 489 00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:44,400 At least 35 people have died. 490 00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:47,040 Thousands of homes have been burnt. 491 00:30:47,040 --> 00:30:50,160 The blazes have destroyed nearly five million acres 492 00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:51,800 across three states, 493 00:30:51,800 --> 00:30:54,320 fuelling accusations that President Trump is in denial 494 00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:55,560 about climate change. 495 00:30:55,560 --> 00:30:58,560 He blames the fires on poor forestry management. 496 00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:04,560 To discover the role played by climate change, 497 00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:07,880 Greta is meeting Professor LeRoy Westerling. 498 00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:10,640 He's researching the connection between climate, 499 00:31:10,640 --> 00:31:12,800 ecosystems and wildfires. 500 00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:19,280 This is an area where fires are a natural part of the ecosystems, 501 00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:21,160 but what has changed? 502 00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:25,280 Increased temperatures means more evaporation, 503 00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:29,440 and it's drawing that moisture from the live or dead fuels. 504 00:31:33,040 --> 00:31:36,200 Climate change is also altering the pattern of the air currents 505 00:31:36,200 --> 00:31:38,000 that drive global weather. 506 00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:39,680 In California, 507 00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:42,280 the autumn rains are now arriving later. 508 00:31:45,280 --> 00:31:50,160 We see a greater chance of storms in the fall getting missed, 509 00:31:50,160 --> 00:31:52,720 and if we lose our fall storms, 510 00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:57,040 then our dry summer season extends that much later, 511 00:31:57,040 --> 00:31:59,960 so the fuels continue to dry out even more. 512 00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:08,480 What was making the wildfires more...more intense? 513 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:10,560 We get these winds in the fall. 514 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:15,120 And these high-wind events, 515 00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:17,480 combined with these extremely dry fuels, 516 00:32:17,480 --> 00:32:20,560 gives sort of perfect conditions for a really big fire 517 00:32:20,560 --> 00:32:23,840 that spreads very quickly and is hard to get under control. 518 00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:28,160 Even if we succeed 519 00:32:28,160 --> 00:32:35,240 in keeping the global temperature rise to below 1.5 degrees, 520 00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:36,960 what would the future look like? 521 00:32:36,960 --> 00:32:40,520 At elevations like this, we're going to see even more fire. 522 00:32:48,280 --> 00:32:51,880 Five of the ten worst wildfires on record in California 523 00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:54,320 burned during summer 2020. 524 00:32:56,680 --> 00:32:59,840 Thousands of buildings and structures destroyed, 525 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:02,280 dozens of lives lost. 526 00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:06,640 A tragedy by any measure. 527 00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:12,040 Climate change is increasing forest fires 528 00:33:12,040 --> 00:33:14,240 in many parts of the world. 529 00:33:14,240 --> 00:33:19,560 In Siberia, in Russia, in Alaska. 530 00:33:19,560 --> 00:33:23,160 And then you also have seen that in Australia with the bushfires. 531 00:33:25,440 --> 00:33:27,040 So, these wildfires, then, 532 00:33:27,040 --> 00:33:29,880 are part of a larger climate feedback loop. 533 00:33:29,880 --> 00:33:32,760 You warm up the higher latitudes, 534 00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:35,480 the pine bark beetle moves into those forests, 535 00:33:35,480 --> 00:33:37,200 weakens those forests, 536 00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:39,440 so there's more dry and dead wood 537 00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:42,040 to come together with that drought and heat 538 00:33:42,040 --> 00:33:43,920 to give us those massive wildfires, 539 00:33:43,920 --> 00:33:46,440 and they put more carbon pollution into the atmosphere, 540 00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:48,160 causing more warming. 541 00:34:01,800 --> 00:34:04,440 Greta and Svante have just over a month 542 00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:07,480 to reach the UN climate change conference in Chile. 543 00:34:09,640 --> 00:34:11,160 But anti-government riots 544 00:34:11,160 --> 00:34:13,720 have broken out in the capital, Santiago. 545 00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:17,640 REPORTER: The authorities have used water cannon 546 00:34:17,640 --> 00:34:19,880 to disperse the crowds without success. 547 00:34:21,560 --> 00:34:23,480 The United Nations has decided 548 00:34:23,480 --> 00:34:25,960 to relocate the climate conference to Spain 549 00:34:25,960 --> 00:34:28,600 on the other side of the Atlantic. 550 00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:31,560 SIREN WAILS 551 00:34:33,880 --> 00:34:35,840 I've been going pretty much 552 00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:38,680 the whole way around the world the wrong way, 553 00:34:38,680 --> 00:34:43,240 so now we are headed east, 554 00:34:43,240 --> 00:34:48,120 and hopefully I will find transport that can take me 555 00:34:48,120 --> 00:34:50,960 to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. 556 00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:55,240 For almost anyone else, 557 00:34:55,240 --> 00:34:58,200 this journey of over 3,500 miles 558 00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:01,560 would mean hopping on a plane for 7.5 hours. 559 00:35:03,080 --> 00:35:04,480 But not for Greta. 560 00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:09,240 Flying or getting on a plane, she would just refuse. 561 00:35:09,240 --> 00:35:11,280 She wouldn't... She wouldn't do it. 562 00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:13,520 Greta Thunberg has asked her followers 563 00:35:13,520 --> 00:35:16,080 on social media for help getting back to Europe 564 00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:18,360 in an environmentally friendly way. 565 00:35:18,360 --> 00:35:20,480 I don't want to be the person who says, 566 00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:23,600 "Yes, climate change is very important," 567 00:35:23,600 --> 00:35:26,880 and then the next second steps onto a plane. 568 00:35:33,320 --> 00:35:37,200 Aviation burns through a lot of fossil fuel. 569 00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:39,240 If a Boeing 747 570 00:35:39,240 --> 00:35:40,800 flies from London to Hong Kong, 571 00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:44,800 it burns through something like 100 tonnes of fossil fuel. 572 00:35:46,160 --> 00:35:47,840 When you burn the fossil fuels, 573 00:35:47,840 --> 00:35:50,080 you get a lot of other pollutants that come out 574 00:35:50,080 --> 00:35:52,080 the back of the exhaust of the plane. 575 00:35:52,080 --> 00:35:54,920 Because the chemicals are emitted at altitude, 576 00:35:54,920 --> 00:35:57,400 it has an impact chemically in the atmosphere, 577 00:35:57,400 --> 00:35:59,920 approximately something like doubling the amount of warming 578 00:35:59,920 --> 00:36:01,440 that you would otherwise get. 579 00:36:02,880 --> 00:36:04,280 In lots of countries, 580 00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:07,920 only a very small proportion of the population ever flies, 581 00:36:07,920 --> 00:36:11,000 but of course, some people fly a lot. 582 00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,320 Globally, it's only 1% of the population 583 00:36:14,320 --> 00:36:18,760 that account for about half of all aviation-related emissions. 584 00:36:19,920 --> 00:36:22,760 Of course, the coronavirus pandemic's had a huge impact 585 00:36:22,760 --> 00:36:25,200 on the aviation industry, 586 00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:29,880 and the key question is whether people just go back to flying 587 00:36:29,880 --> 00:36:34,760 to the extent that they were before, or whether they seek alternatives. 588 00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:37,600 We don't have to have a no-flying world, 589 00:36:37,600 --> 00:36:41,480 but there's no escaping the need to reduce the amount 590 00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:42,880 of flying that goes on. 591 00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:56,560 Greta and Svante have been offered a lift back to Europe 592 00:36:56,560 --> 00:36:59,720 on a 48-foot catamaran called La Vagabonde. 593 00:37:01,160 --> 00:37:04,560 Greta has already sailed across the Atlantic once this year 594 00:37:04,560 --> 00:37:06,440 to get to the USA, 595 00:37:06,440 --> 00:37:11,120 but that was in August, when the weather tends to be calmer. 596 00:37:11,120 --> 00:37:13,360 It's not the perfect time to be leaving. 597 00:37:13,360 --> 00:37:17,200 We've got the Gulf Stream to cross, and there's just consistent lows. 598 00:37:17,200 --> 00:37:19,440 One low after another after another. 599 00:37:19,440 --> 00:37:21,880 There's no denying that it's going to be a tough trip. 600 00:37:21,880 --> 00:37:25,200 We're ready. As ready as we can be! 601 00:37:28,320 --> 00:37:33,280 Today is probably the most stressful day of my life. 602 00:37:33,280 --> 00:37:37,440 It's November and it's the Atlantic Ocean. 603 00:37:37,440 --> 00:37:40,120 It's going to be pretty rough, I think. 604 00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:45,880 Just silently panicking inside. 605 00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:50,320 The joys of parenting. HE LAUGHS 606 00:37:53,760 --> 00:37:56,440 The voyage probably will take two to three weeks, 607 00:37:56,440 --> 00:37:58,240 all being well. 608 00:37:58,240 --> 00:38:01,480 But we are at the mercy of Mother Nature, 609 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:03,520 so whatever she decides to throw at us, 610 00:38:03,520 --> 00:38:04,880 we will have to manage. 611 00:38:10,480 --> 00:38:13,880 The weather systems are very bad, and this time of year, 612 00:38:13,880 --> 00:38:15,920 you don't sail across the North Atlantic 613 00:38:15,920 --> 00:38:17,920 in November or December. 614 00:38:17,920 --> 00:38:23,840 It is very symbolic that I sail, because it sends a strong message. 615 00:38:23,840 --> 00:38:25,440 CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICKING 616 00:38:27,320 --> 00:38:29,280 All right, ready when you are. 617 00:38:33,400 --> 00:38:36,840 REPORTER: Greta Thunberg is back on the open seas. 618 00:38:36,840 --> 00:38:40,040 The 16-year-old climate activist set sail from Virginia 619 00:38:40,040 --> 00:38:43,560 for a transatlantic journey to Madrid. 620 00:38:43,560 --> 00:38:46,480 Yay! We're finally on our way. 621 00:38:48,240 --> 00:38:51,080 WEATHER HOST: You have tropical depression in the central Atlantic. 622 00:38:51,080 --> 00:38:54,520 Could become a tropical storm sometime today or tomorrow, 623 00:38:54,520 --> 00:38:57,680 curving out to sea, staying away from the US. 624 00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:04,240 It is day one. 625 00:39:04,240 --> 00:39:08,400 I'm... I have not been feeling very well today. 626 00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:15,040 It's... It's cold, and I'm a bit seasick. 627 00:39:17,320 --> 00:39:21,320 So, yeah, hopefully things will get better. 628 00:39:22,800 --> 00:39:25,720 WEATHER HOST: Yes, it is expected to become a tropical storm. 629 00:39:25,720 --> 00:39:27,400 It's in the central Atlantic now. 630 00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:34,920 THUNDER CRASHES 631 00:39:36,960 --> 00:39:40,040 We are in just the biggest electrical storm, 632 00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:44,640 blowing 40 knots, and Nikki's at the helm. 633 00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:46,920 WAVES CRASH VIOLENTLY 634 00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:54,240 It is day six. 635 00:39:54,240 --> 00:39:58,680 It's the middle of the night and the lightning was unbelievable. 636 00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:00,680 I've never seen... 637 00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:03,120 ..such lightning. 638 00:40:03,120 --> 00:40:07,840 It struck, like, every two seconds, and the whole sky just lit up. 639 00:40:12,320 --> 00:40:14,480 We had lightning striking the water everywhere. 640 00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:15,960 HE IMITATES HISS OF ELECTRICITY 641 00:40:15,960 --> 00:40:18,000 You could hear the water going, "Fsss!" 642 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,200 And it just went on. It never stopped. 643 00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:24,280 The storms are so enormous. 644 00:40:24,280 --> 00:40:29,760 It was just a constant game of avoiding the next big storm. 645 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:31,800 THUNDER CRASHES 646 00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:43,360 In the Atlantic, we just saw the busiest season for storms, 647 00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:45,200 and it coincided with the year 648 00:40:45,200 --> 00:40:47,400 that had very warm ocean temperatures 649 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:49,080 in the tropical Atlantic. 650 00:40:49,080 --> 00:40:50,880 The global ocean's surface 651 00:40:50,880 --> 00:40:54,360 warmed up close to about a degree Celsius, 652 00:40:54,360 --> 00:40:57,840 so when you provide more warmth, those winds can get stronger, 653 00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:01,240 they become more intense, they do more damage. 654 00:41:01,240 --> 00:41:04,080 Some argue we need to invent a category six 655 00:41:04,080 --> 00:41:06,960 to describe these 200mph monster storms 656 00:41:06,960 --> 00:41:08,720 that we're now seeing. 657 00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:13,200 There is another impact. 658 00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:17,520 The oceans absorb a lot of the carbon dioxide 659 00:41:17,520 --> 00:41:19,320 that we put into the atmosphere. 660 00:41:19,320 --> 00:41:22,040 When CO2 dissolves into the water, 661 00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:24,240 it forms a weak acid, 662 00:41:24,240 --> 00:41:27,240 and that affects the chemistry of the ocean 663 00:41:27,240 --> 00:41:29,720 in a way that can be bad for some ecosystems. 664 00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:35,880 One of the types of marine life that is most dramatically impacted 665 00:41:35,880 --> 00:41:39,240 by ocean acidification is coral reefs. 666 00:41:39,240 --> 00:41:42,400 Coral reefs are the home to a large portion 667 00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:45,040 of the world's biodiversity, 668 00:41:45,040 --> 00:41:48,800 but scientists are predicting that with 1.5 degrees Celsius 669 00:41:48,800 --> 00:41:51,000 of global temperature increase, 670 00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:56,720 we'll lose around 90% of our tropical coral reefs. 671 00:41:56,720 --> 00:41:59,120 And with 2 degrees Celsius of warming, 672 00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:02,120 we'll lose 99% of coral reefs. 673 00:42:03,720 --> 00:42:07,280 There are some things we can do to reduce CO2 emissions. 674 00:42:07,280 --> 00:42:09,120 Shipping is really interesting. 675 00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:12,560 So, if you halve the speed with which ships go, 676 00:42:12,560 --> 00:42:17,040 you more than halve the CO2 emissions that come from them. 677 00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:20,200 And we saw this during the global financial crisis, 678 00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:23,920 where we saw a big drop in CO2 emissions. 679 00:42:23,920 --> 00:42:27,520 So, thinking hard about how we move freight and people around the world 680 00:42:27,520 --> 00:42:29,200 is really important. 681 00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:45,200 We are approximately halfway. 682 00:42:45,200 --> 00:42:47,920 The weather forecast looks good. 683 00:42:47,920 --> 00:42:51,000 It's just an amazing experience to be able to... 684 00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:53,360 ..to just be out here in this wilderness 685 00:42:53,360 --> 00:42:55,280 and to look at the ocean. 686 00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:58,480 And time sort of doesn't exist out here. 687 00:42:58,480 --> 00:43:00,280 You just... 688 00:43:00,280 --> 00:43:01,920 ..live in the moment. 689 00:43:04,560 --> 00:43:06,800 You feel calm. 690 00:43:10,360 --> 00:43:14,720 I think that was something I needed, because it can get very overwhelming 691 00:43:14,720 --> 00:43:17,760 constantly being in the centre of attention. 692 00:43:17,760 --> 00:43:21,600 That was very enjoyable to just be invisible, 693 00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:24,920 to just become myself. 694 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:37,560 The ocean was a very pleasant place to be. 695 00:43:37,560 --> 00:43:40,720 You're completely shut off from the world. 696 00:43:40,720 --> 00:43:42,680 It changes you, in a way. 697 00:43:44,240 --> 00:43:47,840 You just sit there for hours and hours... 698 00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:52,280 ..completely surrounded by this wilderness. 699 00:43:54,360 --> 00:43:59,800 You see how big the world actually is, and these... 700 00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:03,280 ..vast oceans that cover most of the globe, 701 00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:06,960 and how important they are to all of us. 702 00:44:22,560 --> 00:44:25,160 20 days after leaving the USA, 703 00:44:25,160 --> 00:44:27,240 Greta and La Vagabonde 704 00:44:27,240 --> 00:44:30,000 are approaching the Portuguese capital, Lisbon. 705 00:44:31,200 --> 00:44:35,320 You come from nothing, and just you and the ocean, 706 00:44:35,320 --> 00:44:38,200 and then suddenly, land. 707 00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:39,840 CHANTING AND DRUMMING 708 00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:41,840 REPORTER: The teenage activist Greta Thunberg 709 00:44:41,840 --> 00:44:43,480 has re-crossed the Atlantic 710 00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:46,120 on her way to a conference where governments are debating 711 00:44:46,120 --> 00:44:49,560 what to do to stop the planet overheating. 712 00:44:49,560 --> 00:44:52,880 And all that comes with that pollution, 713 00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:54,440 all the noises. 714 00:44:54,440 --> 00:44:56,640 CHANTING AND DRUMMING 715 00:44:56,640 --> 00:45:00,520 And then you have all these cameras in your face. 716 00:45:07,240 --> 00:45:10,600 Sometimes it gets too overwhelming, 717 00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:13,320 and also, if you're autistic, it's... 718 00:45:13,320 --> 00:45:16,160 ..it becomes even more. 719 00:45:24,920 --> 00:45:27,560 From Lisbon, Greta is taking the train 720 00:45:27,560 --> 00:45:30,200 to the UN Climate Change Conference in Madrid. 721 00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:31,720 CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICKING 722 00:45:31,720 --> 00:45:35,600 It's a chance to prepare the speech she's been asked to give. 723 00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:37,520 She's very, very driven, 724 00:45:37,520 --> 00:45:39,960 and she doesn't want to waste any time. 725 00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:43,480 She reads a lot of books, a lot of articles about science. 726 00:45:45,400 --> 00:45:49,120 I know there have been many new reports coming out, 727 00:45:49,120 --> 00:45:52,280 and many new figures to look at. 728 00:45:52,280 --> 00:45:55,200 This morning, I saw that the global emissions 729 00:45:55,200 --> 00:45:59,040 of greenhouse gases for 2019 will increase, 730 00:45:59,040 --> 00:46:03,080 and also, 2010 to 2019 will most likely be 731 00:46:03,080 --> 00:46:05,360 the hottest decade ever recorded. 732 00:46:09,320 --> 00:46:11,120 When I was younger, 733 00:46:11,120 --> 00:46:14,480 I pictured my future being some kind of scientist 734 00:46:14,480 --> 00:46:16,520 working in the lab, 735 00:46:16,520 --> 00:46:19,160 never seeing the daylight. SHE CHUCKLES 736 00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:21,720 That's what I thought I was going to be like 737 00:46:21,720 --> 00:46:23,600 when I grew up. 738 00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:27,520 But it didn't really turn out like that. 739 00:46:27,520 --> 00:46:29,320 CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICKING 740 00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:36,040 SHE SPEAKS IN SPANISH 741 00:46:37,240 --> 00:46:38,560 REPORTER: It is incredible 742 00:46:38,560 --> 00:46:40,760 to witness the phenomenon of Greta Thunberg, 743 00:46:40,760 --> 00:46:42,320 who in the space of a year, 744 00:46:42,320 --> 00:46:45,360 has gone from solo protest outside the Swedish parliament 745 00:46:45,360 --> 00:46:49,200 to galvanising millions of people in the fight against climate change. 746 00:46:51,800 --> 00:46:54,920 CLAMOURING 747 00:46:56,320 --> 00:46:59,200 If I'm going to reach out to this many people 748 00:46:59,200 --> 00:47:01,680 and bring attention to the climate crisis, 749 00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:04,040 then this is something that I have to accept, 750 00:47:04,040 --> 00:47:06,080 because with that big of a platform 751 00:47:06,080 --> 00:47:09,800 comes much attention and responsibility. 752 00:47:17,440 --> 00:47:22,120 The United Nations' annual climate conference, known as COP, 753 00:47:22,120 --> 00:47:24,920 gives the world's governments an opportunity to meet 754 00:47:24,920 --> 00:47:27,160 and negotiate a way to keep to an agreed level 755 00:47:27,160 --> 00:47:29,480 of global average temperature rise. 756 00:47:29,480 --> 00:47:32,480 REPORTER: COP25, just the latest instalment 757 00:47:32,480 --> 00:47:34,920 in a quarter-century of diplomacy 758 00:47:34,920 --> 00:47:38,200 that's so far failed to curb climate change. 759 00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:45,560 In terms of the time scale at which we need to stop emitting 760 00:47:45,560 --> 00:47:48,120 carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 761 00:47:48,120 --> 00:47:51,280 we have this concept called the carbon budget. 762 00:47:52,640 --> 00:47:57,280 The carbon budget, simply put, is how much carbon we can burn 763 00:47:57,280 --> 00:48:00,520 and keep global temperatures below some level. 764 00:48:00,520 --> 00:48:02,480 And we know, for example, 765 00:48:02,480 --> 00:48:06,200 that we can still keep them below 1.5 degrees Celsius. 766 00:48:06,200 --> 00:48:08,080 So, that budget is somewhere 767 00:48:08,080 --> 00:48:10,480 between about 200 to 300 billion tonnes 768 00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:12,280 of carbon dioxide. 769 00:48:12,280 --> 00:48:14,760 That may sound like a lot, 770 00:48:14,760 --> 00:48:20,640 but we're emitting about 40 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. 771 00:48:22,160 --> 00:48:23,480 If you do the math, 772 00:48:23,480 --> 00:48:25,720 what that means is that if we continue to emit carbon 773 00:48:25,720 --> 00:48:27,600 at our current pace, we're going to run through 774 00:48:27,600 --> 00:48:30,320 and deplete that budget by 2030. 775 00:48:30,320 --> 00:48:32,800 And if we had acted 20 or 30 years ago, 776 00:48:32,800 --> 00:48:35,240 we could bring our carbon emissions down gently 777 00:48:35,240 --> 00:48:36,640 over several decades. 778 00:48:36,640 --> 00:48:38,760 It would've been much easier. 779 00:48:38,760 --> 00:48:41,360 So instead of a gradual drawdown of emissions, 780 00:48:41,360 --> 00:48:43,560 we're going to have to jump off of a steep cliff 781 00:48:43,560 --> 00:48:46,400 in order to get those reductions. 782 00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:50,680 If you think about 2020 and the lockdown, in the end, 783 00:48:50,680 --> 00:48:56,120 that only bought us about 7% reduction in carbon emissions. 784 00:48:56,120 --> 00:48:58,200 So, we've got to do much more than that 785 00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:01,240 if we are to avert dangerous planetary warming. 786 00:49:06,840 --> 00:49:09,000 With almost all the world's nations 787 00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:11,560 set to overshoot their carbon budgets, 788 00:49:11,560 --> 00:49:13,560 Greta is planning to use her speech 789 00:49:13,560 --> 00:49:16,040 to demand that governments honour the promises they've made 790 00:49:16,040 --> 00:49:17,280 on climate change. 791 00:49:19,280 --> 00:49:21,880 But maybe it's... Yeah. Yeah, there he was. 792 00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:23,720 No, but it wasn't the document. 793 00:49:23,720 --> 00:49:25,240 More... 794 00:49:25,240 --> 00:49:27,040 Even at 1 degree, people are dying from... 795 00:49:27,040 --> 00:49:30,920 People are only listening to the...the emotional bits, 796 00:49:30,920 --> 00:49:32,920 like, "How dare you!" 797 00:49:32,920 --> 00:49:35,360 and, "I want you to panic," and so on. 798 00:49:35,360 --> 00:49:39,000 I say these things because they get people's attention, 799 00:49:39,000 --> 00:49:41,280 and now I have people's attention, 800 00:49:41,280 --> 00:49:43,720 I don't need to make a speech like that. 801 00:49:43,720 --> 00:49:48,160 I want them to listen to the actual content and the science. 802 00:49:48,160 --> 00:49:49,480 Could I take a picture? 803 00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:52,240 Yeah, could you do it quick? Because I'm late. 804 00:49:54,720 --> 00:49:57,920 I don't know if this will... will shift the focus. 805 00:49:57,920 --> 00:49:59,560 It probably won't. 806 00:49:59,560 --> 00:50:01,200 The headline will be, 807 00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:03,800 "Greta Thunberg makes emotional speech." 808 00:50:05,240 --> 00:50:08,440 I know that that's going to be the reaction, 809 00:50:08,440 --> 00:50:11,160 but I'm doing everything I can at least 810 00:50:11,160 --> 00:50:13,160 to make sure that that's not the case. 811 00:50:17,360 --> 00:50:20,680 REPORTER: There are 29,000 delegates at this climate summit, 812 00:50:20,680 --> 00:50:23,760 but only one receiving this much attention. 813 00:50:28,480 --> 00:50:32,280 Now I would like to invite to the stage to take the lecture, 814 00:50:32,280 --> 00:50:33,480 Miss Greta Thunberg. 815 00:50:34,560 --> 00:50:36,480 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 816 00:50:49,040 --> 00:50:50,240 Hi. 817 00:50:51,560 --> 00:50:53,760 I've given many speeches 818 00:50:53,760 --> 00:50:56,280 and learned that when you talk in public, 819 00:50:56,280 --> 00:50:59,480 you should start with something personal or emotional 820 00:50:59,480 --> 00:51:01,280 to get everyone's attention. 821 00:51:02,520 --> 00:51:05,360 But today, I will not do that, 822 00:51:05,360 --> 00:51:10,840 because then those phrases are all that people focus on. 823 00:51:10,840 --> 00:51:13,280 They don't remember the facts, 824 00:51:13,280 --> 00:51:17,680 the very reason why I say those things in the first place. 825 00:51:17,680 --> 00:51:21,240 We no longer have time to leave out the science. 826 00:51:22,600 --> 00:51:25,680 If we are to have a 67% chance 827 00:51:25,680 --> 00:51:28,360 of limiting the global temperature rise 828 00:51:28,360 --> 00:51:31,120 to below 1.5 degrees Celsius, 829 00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:34,800 we had on January 1st, 2018, 830 00:51:34,800 --> 00:51:39,280 420 gigatonnes of CO2 left to emit. 831 00:51:39,280 --> 00:51:41,520 With today's emissions levels, 832 00:51:41,520 --> 00:51:47,000 that remaining budget will be gone within about eight years. 833 00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:50,160 These numbers aren't anyone's opinions 834 00:51:50,160 --> 00:51:51,600 or political views. 835 00:51:51,600 --> 00:51:54,520 This is the current best available science. 836 00:51:54,520 --> 00:51:56,960 APPLAUSE 837 00:51:56,960 --> 00:52:01,760 These numbers don't include non-linear tipping points 838 00:52:01,760 --> 00:52:03,640 such as melting glaciers. 839 00:52:04,880 --> 00:52:07,080 We know we're not bringing this glacier back, 840 00:52:07,080 --> 00:52:09,880 but it's all being driven by climate change 841 00:52:09,880 --> 00:52:12,400 that's caused by greenhouse gases. 842 00:52:12,400 --> 00:52:14,960 To stay below 1.5 degrees, 843 00:52:14,960 --> 00:52:18,520 we need to keep the carbon in the ground, 844 00:52:18,520 --> 00:52:20,840 because even at 1 degree, 845 00:52:20,840 --> 00:52:24,360 people are dying from the climate crisis. 846 00:52:24,360 --> 00:52:27,200 It's starting to burn all around me! 847 00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:30,880 I have been fortunate enough to travel around the world, 848 00:52:30,880 --> 00:52:34,360 and I still believe politicians and CEOs 849 00:52:34,360 --> 00:52:37,360 are making it look like real action is happening, 850 00:52:37,360 --> 00:52:40,480 when in fact, almost nothing is being done 851 00:52:40,480 --> 00:52:44,680 apart from clever accounting and creative PR. 852 00:52:44,680 --> 00:52:47,440 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 853 00:52:52,000 --> 00:52:54,040 This is my message. 854 00:52:54,040 --> 00:52:56,760 This is what I want you to focus on. 855 00:52:56,760 --> 00:53:01,760 Right now, we are desperate for any sign of hope. 856 00:53:01,760 --> 00:53:04,720 People are ready for change. 857 00:53:04,720 --> 00:53:06,400 Thank you. 858 00:53:06,400 --> 00:53:08,440 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 859 00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:19,120 NEWS PRESENTER: The 16-year-old climate activist Greta Thunberg 860 00:53:19,120 --> 00:53:21,680 accused richer countries of being more interested 861 00:53:21,680 --> 00:53:23,800 in finding loopholes in environmental laws 862 00:53:23,800 --> 00:53:25,240 than tackling... 863 00:53:25,240 --> 00:53:27,640 NEWS PRESENTER: Environmental campaigner Greta Thunberg 864 00:53:27,640 --> 00:53:29,600 has accused governments and corporations 865 00:53:29,600 --> 00:53:31,440 of failing to tackle climate change. 866 00:53:31,440 --> 00:53:34,000 The people who hosted the event were very happy afterwards 867 00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:36,760 because I wasn't angry. 868 00:53:36,760 --> 00:53:39,960 Because I think everyone expected me to go up and shout. 869 00:53:39,960 --> 00:53:43,200 I at least tried to get the information out there 870 00:53:43,200 --> 00:53:47,760 and make sure that the gap between what politicians are doing 871 00:53:47,760 --> 00:53:49,520 and what the science says 872 00:53:49,520 --> 00:53:53,840 is so clear that no-one can avoid seeing it. 873 00:54:04,360 --> 00:54:08,160 2019 is coming to a close, but next year, 874 00:54:08,160 --> 00:54:11,240 Greta has an even busier global journey planned. 875 00:54:13,560 --> 00:54:19,480 First, after 134 days on the road, she's taking a Christmas break. 876 00:54:21,400 --> 00:54:23,960 We're in Copenhagen right now, 877 00:54:23,960 --> 00:54:27,680 and we are going to the central station, 878 00:54:27,680 --> 00:54:30,120 where we will take a train, a direct train, 879 00:54:30,120 --> 00:54:31,920 from Copenhagen to Stockholm. 880 00:54:31,920 --> 00:54:34,560 So, right now we're going home. 881 00:54:37,440 --> 00:54:39,480 Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you so much. 882 00:54:39,480 --> 00:54:43,080 It was nice meeting you. Thank you. You too. You're really cool. Bye. 883 00:54:45,760 --> 00:54:47,800 On the peninsula, on that side, they do. 884 00:54:47,800 --> 00:54:49,800 There's Sweden. We can see it now. 885 00:54:58,320 --> 00:55:00,040 SHE SPEAKS IN SWEDISH 886 00:55:01,760 --> 00:55:05,440 MUSIC: Stilla Natt by Malena Ernman 887 00:55:05,440 --> 00:55:08,720 Many people often ask me whether I'm an optimist 888 00:55:08,720 --> 00:55:10,520 or...or a pessimist. 889 00:55:13,240 --> 00:55:17,800 I don't think that we need to feel hopeful in order to act. 890 00:55:26,280 --> 00:55:29,640 The only thing that creates hope is action, 891 00:55:29,640 --> 00:55:32,280 and if there is no action, there is no hope. 892 00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:36,840 DOGS PANT 893 00:55:45,280 --> 00:55:47,280 THEY SPEAK IN SWEDISH 894 00:56:22,240 --> 00:56:23,880 Next time... 895 00:56:23,880 --> 00:56:27,760 ..Greta investigates our reliance on fossil fuels... 896 00:56:30,080 --> 00:56:34,040 ..discovers how climate change is reshaping our landscape... 897 00:56:34,040 --> 00:56:37,280 As soon as the ice in the rock starts to get warmer, 898 00:56:37,280 --> 00:56:40,120 that stabilising influence disappears. 899 00:56:40,120 --> 00:56:43,360 ..and seeks advice from a veteran campaigner. 900 00:56:43,360 --> 00:56:45,360 People are listening. 901 00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:49,680 And there just could be a change in moral attitude 902 00:56:49,680 --> 00:56:51,520 from people worldwide. 903 00:56:54,520 --> 00:56:57,600 To find out more about climate change and explore 904 00:56:57,600 --> 00:57:01,400 what actions you can take to reduce your environmental impact, 905 00:57:01,400 --> 00:57:06,360 go to bbc.co.uk/ayeartochangetheworld 906 00:57:06,360 --> 00:57:09,760 and follow the links to the Open University.