1
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All right, there's ice on Mars,
2
00:00:23,900 --> 00:00:27,988
which means there's lots of potential
for evidence of past life on Mars.
3
00:00:28,071 --> 00:00:31,449
So, there's plenty of data
for NASA to keep testing.
4
00:00:31,533 --> 00:00:33,952
But we shouldn't just look in one spot.
5
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That's true. The solar system
is a vast and wondrous place.
6
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If Mars has potential,
perhaps other spots do too.
7
00:00:42,419 --> 00:00:46,840
Great work, everyone. All this talk
of ice sure is making me thirsty.
8
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So where should we look next?
9
00:00:49,843 --> 00:00:51,136
Thanks, big brother.
10
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Well, we all know life needs water.
11
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So if we wanna find life, we should
explore a place that has lots of water.
So if we wanna find life, we should
explore a place that has lots of water.
12
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A place with lots of water
sure sounds nice right about now.
13
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And I have just the place: Europa.
14
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[clears throat] It's pronounced "Europe."
15
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No, sir.
Europa is one of Jupiter's 79 moons.
16
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And according to these images,
it looks very promising.
17
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It's covered in ice.
18
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{\an8}We already explored a planet with ice,
and we didn't find any aliens.
19
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Yes. But as we learned on Mars,
20
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wherever there's ice,
there could also be liquid water.
21
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If we search Europa,
who knows what we'll find.
22
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Did you say Europa?
23
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Wonderful choice.
24
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NASA is very interested in Europa
as a potential place to find life
25
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because our probes suggest
there might be an ocean there!
26
00:02:18,848 --> 00:02:21,726
Could we use the probes
to help us explore Europa?
27
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Well, we'd need someone
who's very skilled at operating robots.
28
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[Peppermint Patty clears throat]
29
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Ladies and gentlemen,
this is your captain speaking.
30
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We'll be arriving at Europa shortly.
So sit back and enjoy the flight.
31
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Okay then. Happy hunting.
32
00:02:59,848 --> 00:03:02,517
[wind whistling]
[wind whistling]
33
00:03:03,226 --> 00:03:04,686
[teeth chattering]
34
00:03:24,497 --> 00:03:26,791
How's our search going? Any updates?
35
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The good news is we found ice.
36
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Lots and lots and lots of ice.
37
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The bad news is no ocean.
38
00:03:36,301 --> 00:03:38,678
{\an8}I don't know why you're surprised.
39
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{\an8}The further away a planet is from the sun,
the colder it is.
40
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{\an8}And the colder it is, the less likely
you are to find liquid water. Just ice.
41
00:03:48,230 --> 00:03:50,023
Hmm. Let's keep searching.
42
00:03:50,106 --> 00:03:54,277
CARA said they have evidence of an ocean.
It's got to be here somewhere.
43
00:04:35,026 --> 00:04:39,072
Well, we finished looking over the whole
moon. Should we do another sweep?
44
00:04:39,155 --> 00:04:44,744
Like I said, we are never going to find
anything on this snowball. Just ice.
45
00:04:44,828 --> 00:04:47,497
Wait. [gasps] I think I found something.
46
00:04:47,581 --> 00:04:49,416
Hey. I see it too.
47
00:04:49,499 --> 00:04:51,668
Marcie, can you enhance the image?
48
00:04:51,751 --> 00:04:52,752
On it, sir.
49
00:04:55,005 --> 00:04:56,798
[gasps] A geyser!
50
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That's liquid water.
51
00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:00,218
Do you know what this means?
Do you know what this means?
52
00:05:00,302 --> 00:05:05,265
The ocean we've been looking for isn't
on the surface. It's underneath the ice.
53
00:05:35,212 --> 00:05:37,923
Wow. An ocean inside a moon?
54
00:05:38,006 --> 00:05:42,010
Just where I thought it would be.
But Europa's so far from the sun.
55
00:05:42,093 --> 00:05:44,012
Why isn't the water frozen?
56
00:05:44,095 --> 00:05:45,096
I can answer that!
57
00:05:45,180 --> 00:05:48,683
The gravitational pull
from Jupiter's orbit is so strong,
58
00:05:48,767 --> 00:05:51,144
it creates waves like ocean tides.
59
00:05:51,228 --> 00:05:56,858
The energy from those waves keep Europa's
water warm and liquid under its icy shell.
60
00:05:56,942 --> 00:05:58,568
We're not sure yet,
61
00:05:58,652 --> 00:06:04,199
but we also think that tidal energy
might also produce hydrothermal vents!
but we also think that tidal energy
might also produce hydrothermal vents!
62
00:06:04,282 --> 00:06:08,286
Hydrothermal events? That sounds fancy.
63
00:06:08,370 --> 00:06:10,497
No, Sally, vents.
64
00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:13,083
They're like geysers
but on the ocean floor.
65
00:06:13,166 --> 00:06:14,918
They release jets of warm water
66
00:06:15,001 --> 00:06:18,463
that might be filled with
organic molecules from the rocks below.
67
00:06:19,047 --> 00:06:22,300
The exact minerals
that form the building blocks of life.
68
00:06:23,802 --> 00:06:27,556
So, Europa has water, energy
and organic material.
69
00:06:27,639 --> 00:06:33,228
And it's possible it might have another
important component for life: time.
70
00:06:33,728 --> 00:06:37,816
Having water, energy
and organics is a good start,
71
00:06:37,899 --> 00:06:41,570
but it takes a long time
for life to grow and evolve.
72
00:06:41,653 --> 00:06:45,448
We think Europa's ocean
has existed for billions of years.
73
00:06:45,532 --> 00:06:47,784
So, anything could be in there,
74
00:06:47,867 --> 00:06:51,746
from single-celled organisms
to giant sea creatures.
75
00:06:51,830 --> 00:06:56,793
Perhaps it won't be much longer
until we have the technology to find out.
76
00:06:56,877 --> 00:07:01,006
Think of the possibilities.
[gasps] Like space sharks.
Think of the possibilities.
[gasps] Like space sharks.
77
00:07:01,590 --> 00:07:04,801
I'm not sure I'm ready
to think about space sharks.
78
00:07:36,207 --> 00:07:38,335
[sighs] I'll go get a mop.
79
00:07:41,546 --> 00:07:43,256
[Franklin] An ocean in a moon.
80
00:07:43,340 --> 00:07:46,801
And another amazing clue
in our search for life.
81
00:07:51,306 --> 00:07:53,475
Why can't I have a normal dog?