1
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All right, there's ice on Mars,

2
00:00:23,900 --> 00:00:27,988
which means there's lots of potential
for evidence of past life on Mars.

3
00:00:28,071 --> 00:00:31,449
So, there's plenty of data
for NASA to keep testing.

4
00:00:31,533 --> 00:00:33,952
But we shouldn't just look in one spot.

5
00:00:34,035 --> 00:00:38,582
That's true. The solar system
is a vast and wondrous place.

6
00:00:38,665 --> 00:00:42,335
If Mars has potential,
perhaps other spots do too.

7
00:00:42,419 --> 00:00:46,840
Great work, everyone. All this talk
of ice sure is making me thirsty.

8
00:00:48,174 --> 00:00:49,759
So where should we look next?

9
00:00:49,843 --> 00:00:51,136
Thanks, big brother.

10
00:00:56,308 --> 00:00:58,393
Well, we all know life needs water.

11
00:00:58,476 --> 00:01:02,606
So if we wanna find life, we should
explore a place that has lots of water.
So if we wanna find life, we should
explore a place that has lots of water.

12
00:01:03,231 --> 00:01:06,401
A place with lots of water
sure sounds nice right about now.

13
00:01:06,902 --> 00:01:09,779
And I have just the place: Europa.

14
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It's pronounced "Europe."

15
00:01:14,242 --> 00:01:17,954
No, sir.
Europa is one of Jupiter's 79 moons.

16
00:01:18,038 --> 00:01:21,625
And according to these images,
it looks very promising.

17
00:01:22,125 --> 00:01:23,460
It's covered in ice.

18
00:01:24,878 --> 00:01:28,632
{\an8}We already explored a planet with ice,
and we didn't find any aliens.

19
00:01:28,715 --> 00:01:31,134
Yes. But as we learned on Mars,

20
00:01:31,218 --> 00:01:34,596
wherever there's ice,
there could also be liquid water.

21
00:01:34,679 --> 00:01:37,641
If we search Europa,
who knows what we'll find.

22
00:01:38,183 --> 00:01:39,643
<i>Did you say Europa?</i>

23
00:01:39,726 --> 00:01:41,144
<i>Wonderful choice.</i>

24
00:01:41,728 --> 00:01:46,191
<i>NASA is very interested in Europa
as a potential place to find life</i>

25
00:01:46,274 --> 00:01:50,445
<i>because our probes suggest
there might be an ocean there!</i>

26
00:02:18,848 --> 00:02:21,726
Could we use the probes
to help us explore Europa?

27
00:02:21,810 --> 00:02:26,064
<i>Well, we'd need someone
who's very skilled at operating robots.</i>

28
00:02:27,315 --> 00:02:30,860
Ladies and gentlemen,
this is your captain speaking.

29
00:02:30,944 --> 00:02:35,615
We'll be arriving at Europa shortly.
So sit back and enjoy the flight.

30
00:02:37,075 --> 00:02:39,578
<i>Okay then. Happy hunting.</i>

31
00:03:24,497 --> 00:03:26,791
How's our search going? Any updates?

32
00:03:26,875 --> 00:03:29,211
The good news is we found ice.

33
00:03:29,294 --> 00:03:32,464
Lots and lots and lots of ice.

34
00:03:33,256 --> 00:03:35,800
The bad news is no ocean.

35
00:03:36,301 --> 00:03:38,678
{\an8}I don't know why you're surprised.

36
00:03:38,762 --> 00:03:42,224
{\an8}The further away a planet is from the sun,
the colder it is.

37
00:03:42,307 --> 00:03:46,937
{\an8}And the colder it is, the less likely
you are to find liquid water. Just ice.

38
00:03:48,813 --> 00:03:50,023
Let's keep searching.

39
00:03:50,106 --> 00:03:54,277
CARA said they have evidence of an ocean.
It's got to be here somewhere.

40
00:04:35,026 --> 00:04:39,072
Well, we finished looking over the whole
moon. Should we do another sweep?

41
00:04:39,155 --> 00:04:44,744
Like I said, we are never going to find
anything on this snowball. Just ice.

42
00:04:44,828 --> 00:04:47,497
Wait. I think I found something.

43
00:04:47,581 --> 00:04:49,416
Hey. I see it too.

44
00:04:49,499 --> 00:04:51,668
Marcie, can you enhance the image?

45
00:04:51,751 --> 00:04:52,752
On it, sir.

46
00:04:55,714 --> 00:04:56,798
A geyser!

47
00:04:57,382 --> 00:04:58,717
That's liquid water.

48
00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:00,218
Do you know what this means?
Do you know what this means?

49
00:05:00,302 --> 00:05:05,265
The ocean we've been looking for isn't
on the surface. It's underneath the ice.

50
00:05:35,212 --> 00:05:37,923
Wow. An ocean inside a moon?

51
00:05:38,006 --> 00:05:42,010
Just where I thought it would be.
But Europa's so far from the sun.

52
00:05:42,093 --> 00:05:44,012
Why isn't the water frozen?

53
00:05:44,095 --> 00:05:45,096
<i>I can answer that!</i>

54
00:05:45,180 --> 00:05:48,683
<i>The gravitational pull
from Jupiter's orbit is so strong,</i>

55
00:05:48,767 --> 00:05:51,144
<i>it creates waves like ocean tides.</i>

56
00:05:51,228 --> 00:05:56,858
<i>The energy from those waves keep Europa's
water warm and liquid under its icy shell.</i>

57
00:05:56,942 --> 00:05:58,568
<i>We're not sure yet,</i>

58
00:05:58,652 --> 00:06:04,199
<i>but we also think that tidal energy
might also produce hydrothermal vents!</i>
<i>but we also think that tidal energy
might also produce hydrothermal vents!</i>

59
00:06:04,282 --> 00:06:08,286
Hydrothermal events? That sounds fancy.

60
00:06:08,370 --> 00:06:10,497
<i>No, Sally, vents.</i>

61
00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:13,083
<i>They're like geysers
but on the ocean floor.</i>

62
00:06:13,166 --> 00:06:14,918
<i>They release jets of warm water</i>

63
00:06:15,001 --> 00:06:18,463
<i>that might be filled with
organic molecules from the rocks below.</i>

64
00:06:19,047 --> 00:06:22,300
<i>The exact minerals
that form the building blocks of life.</i>

65
00:06:23,802 --> 00:06:27,556
So, Europa has water, energy
and organic material.

66
00:06:27,639 --> 00:06:33,228
<i>And it's possible it might have another
important component for life: time.</i>

67
00:06:33,728 --> 00:06:37,816
<i>Having water, energy
and organics is a good start,</i>

68
00:06:37,899 --> 00:06:41,570
<i>but it takes a long time
for life to grow and evolve.</i>

69
00:06:41,653 --> 00:06:45,448
<i>We think Europa's ocean
has existed for billions of years.</i>

70
00:06:45,532 --> 00:06:47,784
<i>So, anything could be in there,</i>

71
00:06:47,867 --> 00:06:51,746
<i>from single-celled organisms
to giant sea creatures.</i>

72
00:06:51,830 --> 00:06:56,793
<i>Perhaps it won't be much longer
until we have the technology to find out.</i>

73
00:06:56,877 --> 00:07:01,006
Think of the possibilities.
Like space sharks.
Think of the possibilities.
Like space sharks.

74
00:07:01,590 --> 00:07:04,801
I'm not sure I'm ready
to think about space sharks.

75
00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:38,335
I'll go get a mop.

76
00:07:41,546 --> 00:07:43,256
An ocean in a moon.

77
00:07:43,340 --> 00:07:46,801
And another amazing clue
in our search for life.

78
00:07:51,306 --> 00:07:53,475
Why can't I have a normal dog?