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[suspenseful music playing]

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[groaning softly]

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[grunts]

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[groaning]

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[opening theme plays]

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[narrator] After unifying much of Japan,

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fearsome samurai Oda Nobunaga is dead.

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His loyal supporter Hideyoshi

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has launched a coup
and seized power for himself.

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Enraged,

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powerful General Katsuie 
has launched his own bid

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to control the nation.

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He has moved to smash the three fortresses

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that guard the way into his enemy's lands.

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Two have fallen.

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The third, Shizugatake, remains.

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To seize it,
he sends his nephew, Morimasa.

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If he succeeds, Hideyoshi is doomed.

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[wind whistling]

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[Turnbull] Sakuma Morimasa knew 
how important it was

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to capture the fortress Shizugatake…

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but the fortress held out.

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And the longer it held out,

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the more chance there was
of Hideyoshi moving to its rescue.

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[dramatic music playing]

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[Meyer] The thing about any siege
is that if you are the besieger,

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you are intensely vulnerable
to an attack by a relief force.

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Your attention is all on this castle,
as it should be,

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which means your back
is pretty much to the rest of the world.

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[Turnbull] Shibata Katsuie
was so concerned…

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that he sent a messenger to Sakuma
saying, "Abandon the siege of Shizugatake.

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Occupy one of the other two fortresses
that you've captured."

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[Ledbetter] Morimasa ignores the order.

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He believed that he had time
to continue the siege.

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[Turnbull] "Shizugatake will be mine 
by nightfall"

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was the message
he sent back to his master.

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Shibata was not convinced.

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[yells]

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[slams table]

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[breathes heavily]

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He knew that Sakuma Morimasa
was very vulnerable to a rear attack

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by Hideyoshi's army.

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[Auslin] Even though he came 
from the lowest class of samurai warrior,

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Hideyoshi showed himself to be
an incredibly strategic general.

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A master tactician.

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[Meyer] He's an very talented commander

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with a proven reputation 
on the battlefield.

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And, so, when messages arrive,

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telling him what is happening 
at Shizugatake…

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he seems to have decided
that this is a moment for him to seize.

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[in Japanese] It is time to go!

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Hideyoshi told the messenger that
he would send reinforcements immediately,

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so they have to hold on.

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Follow me!

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[horse neighs]

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[Meyer] Hideyoshi has made his name

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because of his ability
to move troops very quickly,

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and so he decides,
if he can get a force to Shizugatake,

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he may have an opening here
to counter-attack,

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to crush the besieging army
and win a decisive advantage for himself.

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The first Sakuma Morimasa knew
of what was going on

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was when he looked down into the valley…

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[soldiers marching]

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…to see hundreds of Hideyoshi samurai

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marching up
the well-trodden mountain paths.

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It was a huge shock to Morimasa.

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He tried desperately
to re-order his army,

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to put down a firm defensive line
against Hideyoshi's mountain advance…

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[yelling]

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…but it was already too late.

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[groans]

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[yells]

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Morimasa's men
were completely disorganized.

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[yelling]

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[Turnbull] And Hideyoshi's army had
the considerable advantage of surprise.

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[groans]

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[groans]

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The Battle of Shizugatake
was a particularly fierce one

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in terms of the hand-to-hand combat.

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A scene of utter carnage…

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[screams]

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…in a very confined space.

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[groans]

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[groans]

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[groans]

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[in Japanese] I have won.

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Katsuie's life is in my hands!

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[yells]

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Soon, Sakuma's men
were fleeing down the mountain

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for the security of Shibata's castle.

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Hideyoshi's army followed in pursuit.

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[groans loudly]

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[Turnbull] After three days of siege,
Katsuie knew that his cause was hopeless.

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[in Japanese] Katsuie eventually 
had to choose death.

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So, he committed seppuku.

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[Turnbull] Hideyoshi's victory 
at Shizugatake was a decisive battle.

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Hideyoshi was now
the de facto ruler of Japan,

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and the inheritor
of Oda Nobunaga's domain.

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[dramatic music playing]

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[thunder rumbling]

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[horse nickers]

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[Spafford] Hideyoshi is the rare figure
in political history

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who can actually be said
to have had a vision,

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to have had a sense of new possibilities

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beyond what everybody had experienced.

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[Auslin] We have to remember

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that civil war had, by this time,
been raging for a century in Japan.

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There's no one alive in Japan
who hasn't seen war,

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and Hideyoshi is trying to create
a stable political system,

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whereby the civil wars
can come to an end.

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But even though Hideyoshi has become
the most powerful daimyo in Japan,

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he is still in great danger.

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There are great daimyos
who want to take power for themselves.

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Then there's Tokugawa Ieyasu,

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with whom he has to come
to some type of a firm alliance.

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So, he's by no means out of the woods.

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[Ledbetter] While both of them fought 
together side-by-side with Nobunaga

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at many of his battles…

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[groans]

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…Ieyasu had not been so much
a subordinate of Nobunaga,

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he was an ally.

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So, it was a little bit galling for Ieyasu

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to have one of Nobunaga's subordinates

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suddenly acting as if
he was in charge of all of Japan.

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[dramatic music playing]

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[Segal] Ieyasu had his own ambitions

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to perhaps supplant Hideyoshi

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and become the most powerful man in Japan.

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He's a very patient strategist.

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He knows that he should only strike
and only commit his forces

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when he has the preponderance of power.

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So, he has to make sure that he allies
with the right daimyo to defeat Hideyoshi.

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Ieyasu sees that his best move
is to throw his support

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behind Oda Nobunaga's second son,
Oda Nobukatsu.

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[Turnbull] Oda Nobukatsu's claim 
was quite simply

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that he was the true heir of Nobunaga,

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and Hideyoshi
had performed an illegal coup.

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[Oleg Benesch] Tokugawa Ieyasu saw
allying himself with Oda Nobukatsu

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as an opportunity to potentially overthrow
Hideyoshi before he became too powerful.

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And he probably feels 
that when the time is ripe,

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he will simply discard Nobukatsu
and take power for himself.

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[Turnbull] It was quite a gamble 
for Ieyasu.

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He had a reputation for being a patient,
careful thinker,

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but sometimes even the most
patient people have to take risks,

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and this could have been one of 
the greatest gambles of Ieyasu's career.

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[narrator] With Nobukatsu's troops 
in support,

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Ieyasu leads his army
against Hideyoshi's much larger force.

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There are several bloody clashes,

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but the fighting ends in stalemate.

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Ieyasu's plan has backfired.

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Now, hoping to salvage
what he can of his army

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and potentially live to fight another day,
the wily Ieyasu gambles once again.

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He decides to meet with Hideyoshi
and see if they can make peace.

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[suspenseful music playing]

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[Auslin] Now, this is potentially fatal 
for Ieyasu.

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There's a chance that Hideyoshi
is going to double-cross him.

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[Segal] Meeting with Hideyoshi

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provided the potential opportunity
for Hideyoshi to have him killed.

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I have no doubt that neither man
truly trusted the other.

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From Hideyoshi's perspective,

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there were some advantages 
to keeping Ieyasu around.

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He had a large standing army,
was clearly a proven general.

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So, for him, there were benefits
in having Ieyasu as a loyal ally.

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Ieyasu would nominally submit

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and acknowledge Hideyoshi as his superior,

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in return for an end to the hostilities

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and a position almost
as Hideyoshi's right-hand man.

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[Auslin] They do the traditional thing,
which is to trade hostages.

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Ieyasu gives his second son
to Hideyoshi to be adopted.

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And Hideyoshi actually gives his mother,
who he loved very dearly, to Ieyasu.

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The principle behind the hostage system
was quite simple…

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If the other warlord broke the peace,
then the hostages would be executed.

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[Auslin] Hideyoshi's gambling he'll be 
able to maintain this alliance with Ieyasu

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and that Ieyasu won't become too strong

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to one day challenge him
for ultimate supremacy.

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After decades of civil war in Japan,
none of these daimyo can trust each other.

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The change that has to come
is where they accept

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that they can begin to live
with each other,

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as opposed to destroy each other.

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And that's what you're seeing
right at this moment.

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This very important alliance

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allows Ieyasu to protect
Hideyoshi's eastern flank,

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which allowed Hideyoshi to concentrate
on unifying the center of the country.

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But in order to unify the country,
Hideyoshi needed legitimacy.

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[dramatic music playing]

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[Spafford] There's no question that
Hideyoshi earned his place at the top,

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but obviously in a society
that was still very conscious

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of title, of prestige, of bloodlines,

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Hideyoshi had what may have seemed
like an insurmountable obstacle.

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[writing]

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[Garrett] True legitimacy in Japan comes
ultimately from the figure of the emperor,

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but the emperor as a figure is one
who is essentially a symbolic,

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rather than a ruling, figure.

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As a result, over Japanese history,

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authority has been held
more often by prime ministers.

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In Hideyoshi's case, he saw
that a way to legitimize his power

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would be to become prime minister.

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However,
in order to become prime minister,

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one had to be of the correct lineage.

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You had to be from a specific branch
of the noble Fujiwara family

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and Hideyoshi, of course,
as the son of a peasant, was not.

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[Spafford] The Fujiwara had literally 
dominated the court

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for at least 400 years.

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Toyotomi Hideyoshi's strategy
was to work very closely with the court.

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00:15:48,718 --> 00:15:53,723
He was asking the court to present him
with possible family lineages

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and other things that would
help legitimize him.

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In return, he would help the court

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00:16:01,773 --> 00:16:04,317
and help rebuild palaces
that had been destroyed

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00:16:04,401 --> 00:16:06,027
and build the court's prestige.

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00:16:06,111 --> 00:16:08,113
[suspenseful music playing]

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00:16:22,335 --> 00:16:25,505
Mysteriously, the court
was able to find documents that proved

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00:16:25,588 --> 00:16:30,301
that Hideyoshi was actually a descendant
of the aristocratic Fujiwara family.

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00:16:36,891 --> 00:16:41,563
He fabricated a new lineage for himself
out of whole cloth.

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00:16:47,777 --> 00:16:49,738
And by being adopted into the Fujiwara,

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00:16:49,821 --> 00:16:53,199
Hideyoshi was able
to claim the title of Prime Minister.

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00:16:53,283 --> 00:16:54,743
[dramatic music playing]

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00:17:03,460 --> 00:17:07,922
[narrator] Hideyoshi's meteoric rise has 
made him the most powerful man in Japan.

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00:17:09,966 --> 00:17:13,636
In just five years, he has managed
to expand his territory

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from one-third of the nation
to roughly half,

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00:17:16,848 --> 00:17:19,225
and he is now keen to grab the rest.

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But powerful enemies
still oppose his bid for total control.

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00:17:24,647 --> 00:17:29,694
To the east, the Hōjō see themselves
as Japan's rightful rulers

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and in the north, from within the Date,

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a new challenger is rising,

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00:17:35,658 --> 00:17:38,078
a young, ambitious and fearless leader

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00:17:38,161 --> 00:17:41,039
who is determined 
to stand in Hideyoshi's way:

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Date Masamune.

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[Ashmore] As the eldest son of his clan,

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Masamune had
a certain sense of entitlement,

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but that was exacerbated
by the fact that, early in life,

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he was struck down by smallpox…

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which was seen as a commoner's disease.

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00:18:19,702 --> 00:18:22,413
And not only did it
affect his entire body,

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00:18:22,497 --> 00:18:27,752
it also caused an infection 
in one of the tear ducts in his eyes,

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00:18:27,836 --> 00:18:30,880
which caused the eye
to protrude from his head.

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00:18:36,010 --> 00:18:38,805
And almost immediately after he had been…

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named successor,

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his own mother
attempted to have him assassinated

239
00:18:44,519 --> 00:18:46,563
and replaced by his brother.

240
00:18:48,773 --> 00:18:52,527
His still-damaged right eye

241
00:18:52,610 --> 00:18:56,322
made him, in her sight,
less than a whole man.

242
00:19:04,873 --> 00:19:06,875
-[breathing quickly]
-[squishing]

243
00:19:09,711 --> 00:19:10,920
[grunts]

244
00:19:11,588 --> 00:19:12,422
[groans]

245
00:19:12,505 --> 00:19:14,632
And in that moment, Masamune decided

246
00:19:14,716 --> 00:19:17,677
to just rip the eye clean out
to remove that vulnerability.

247
00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:20,096
[groaning loudly]

248
00:19:30,648 --> 00:19:35,361
He has come to be known as Dokuganryu,
the One-Eyed Dragon of Oshu.

249
00:19:38,448 --> 00:19:40,033
[groans]

250
00:19:40,116 --> 00:19:41,451
He demanded submission.

251
00:19:41,534 --> 00:19:45,079
He wanted power, 
and, most importantly, respect.

252
00:19:45,163 --> 00:19:46,539
[Masamune groans]

253
00:19:48,291 --> 00:19:50,668
[Ashmore] This became 
Masamune's driving force.

254
00:19:50,752 --> 00:19:51,836
[Masamune groaning]

255
00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:56,174
Those who were loyal to him,
scarred and pockmarked as he was,

256
00:19:56,257 --> 00:19:57,467
could be counted on.

257
00:19:58,301 --> 00:20:01,596
Anyone else was to be cut down.

258
00:20:01,679 --> 00:20:05,683
Masamune had to trample
these people underfoot.

259
00:20:13,775 --> 00:20:17,820
Very early in Masamune's career,
he faces his first serious challenge.

260
00:20:20,698 --> 00:20:25,495
[Ashmore] One of his father's 
closest allies, Ouchi Sadatsuna,

261
00:20:25,578 --> 00:20:28,998
was tempted away
from the support of Masamune

262
00:20:29,082 --> 00:20:32,085
by the clan's old enemies, the Ashina.

263
00:20:33,002 --> 00:20:38,758
And I believe that Sadatsuna had seen
in the young lord an unstable personality,

264
00:20:38,841 --> 00:20:40,927
who could not hold the clan together.

265
00:20:44,097 --> 00:20:48,393
Sadatsuna's rebellion
had to be crushed immediately.

266
00:20:51,271 --> 00:20:56,776
And Masamune decides to act decisively
and go to war against Ouchi Sadatsuna.

267
00:20:56,859 --> 00:20:58,403
[dramatic music playing]

268
00:20:58,486 --> 00:21:02,824
Masamune commands his forces
to attack Odemori Castle.

269
00:21:05,493 --> 00:21:11,416
It was absolutely necessary that he send
the most brutal statement of intent

270
00:21:11,499 --> 00:21:13,334
in his attack on the Ouchi.

271
00:21:13,918 --> 00:21:18,506
The strength of the blow
would be a mark of the man himself.

272
00:21:20,925 --> 00:21:23,303
[Eason] After encircling the castle,

273
00:21:23,594 --> 00:21:24,554
[soldiers shouting]

274
00:21:24,637 --> 00:21:29,309
Masamune commanded his forces to slaughter
all those within the castle walls.

275
00:21:32,520 --> 00:21:33,521
[groans]

276
00:21:38,318 --> 00:21:40,028
And Masamune writes that,

277
00:21:40,111 --> 00:21:42,947
"We spared no one,
including women and children.

278
00:21:43,031 --> 00:21:45,199
Killing everyone, down to the dogs."

279
00:21:49,662 --> 00:21:50,747
[groans]

280
00:21:55,835 --> 00:22:00,631
The fact that Masamune would be
willing to put everyone to the sword

281
00:22:00,715 --> 00:22:03,009
had to have a point behind it,

282
00:22:03,092 --> 00:22:06,471
and I think that point
was the development of fear.

283
00:22:07,764 --> 00:22:14,479
A one-eyed monster descending
on rebellious vassals

284
00:22:14,562 --> 00:22:16,606
to be taught the ultimate lesson.

285
00:22:17,190 --> 00:22:18,900
[groans]

286
00:22:23,279 --> 00:22:25,740
[Segal] Hideyoshi hears 
of Masamune's rise.

287
00:22:25,823 --> 00:22:29,911
He recognizes that Masamune is
an up-and-coming force in the north.

288
00:22:29,994 --> 00:22:31,829
And he realizes that at some point,

289
00:22:31,913 --> 00:22:34,415
if things continue in the direction
they're headed,

290
00:22:34,499 --> 00:22:38,086
the two men are going to have to
either come to terms or go to war.

291
00:22:42,673 --> 00:22:45,927
[narrator] Hideyoshi's concerns 
about Masamune are confirmed

292
00:22:46,010 --> 00:22:50,139
when the One-Eyed Dragon unleashes
a new wave of attacks against his rivals,

293
00:22:50,890 --> 00:22:53,643
plunging the north into all-out civil war.

294
00:22:55,353 --> 00:23:00,566
Masamune's actions help drive Hideyoshi
to consider a bold new course of action,

295
00:23:01,234 --> 00:23:05,029
one he hopes will finally end
the bloodshed of the last century

296
00:23:05,113 --> 00:23:07,949
and unify all of Japan under his banner.

297
00:23:08,783 --> 00:23:13,538
To make it a reality, this time he plans
to use something other than the sword.

298
00:23:13,621 --> 00:23:15,623
[birds chirping]

299
00:23:16,999 --> 00:23:21,671
[Spafford] No sooner had Hideyoshi
consolidated his own power

300
00:23:21,754 --> 00:23:25,133
then he started to produce legislation

301
00:23:25,216 --> 00:23:26,968
that was aimed at reshaping

302
00:23:27,051 --> 00:23:29,887
the fabric of Japanese society
in the most profound ways.

303
00:23:41,065 --> 00:23:42,483
[horse neighs]

304
00:23:49,824 --> 00:23:54,412
One of the first really striking reforms
that Hideyoshi carried out

305
00:23:55,121 --> 00:23:59,375
was to order what has come to be known
as a "sword hunt."

306
00:24:07,341 --> 00:24:08,676
[dog barking]

307
00:24:08,759 --> 00:24:09,760
[horse neighs]

308
00:24:10,928 --> 00:24:14,765
In other words, he sent out his
emissaries throughout the countryside

309
00:24:14,849 --> 00:24:18,561
to requisition all weapons from commoners.

310
00:24:18,644 --> 00:24:21,814
In the late medieval period,
weapons had been very widespread,

311
00:24:21,898 --> 00:24:25,526
and this is one of the factors
that contributes to both instability

312
00:24:25,610 --> 00:24:27,278
and political resistance.

313
00:24:27,361 --> 00:24:30,656
It is much harder to resist
the political rule of the warriors

314
00:24:30,740 --> 00:24:32,658
if you yourself have no weapons.

315
00:24:33,534 --> 00:24:35,828
[Spafford] So what he was doing, 
in a sense,

316
00:24:35,912 --> 00:24:39,749
was trying to stabilize
the social structure of the country

317
00:24:39,832 --> 00:24:45,338
by creating a gulf between
a heavily-armed warrior class elite,

318
00:24:45,421 --> 00:24:47,048
which was a tiny minority,

319
00:24:47,131 --> 00:24:50,218
and a vast commoner population,

320
00:24:50,301 --> 00:24:54,847
which was suddenly unable
to resist the warrior class.

321
00:24:56,724 --> 00:24:59,185
There's some irony to this policy.

322
00:24:59,268 --> 00:25:03,731
The man, Hideyoshi, who rose possibly
from being a commoner, a villager,

323
00:25:03,814 --> 00:25:08,569
all the way to the pinnacle of power
was essentially disempowering his peers.

324
00:25:09,237 --> 00:25:12,406
He was essentially
closing the door behind himself.

325
00:25:14,742 --> 00:25:16,244
-[blade slashes]
-[man groans]

326
00:25:16,327 --> 00:25:17,662
[screams]

327
00:25:21,624 --> 00:25:24,669
Besides issuing these laws
that would separate the classes

328
00:25:24,752 --> 00:25:27,255
and disarm the population
against the samurai,

329
00:25:27,338 --> 00:25:30,258
Hideyoshi issues one other edict
with huge consequences,

330
00:25:30,341 --> 00:25:31,759
the so-called "peace edict."

331
00:25:31,842 --> 00:25:36,138
This edict would make it illegal
for any daimyo independently to go to war,

332
00:25:36,222 --> 00:25:38,808
and instead left Hideyoshi
as the only man in Japan

333
00:25:38,891 --> 00:25:42,144
who could decide when a war
would start and how it would be waged.

334
00:25:56,033 --> 00:25:59,620
[Eason] Hideyoshi's all-encompassing 
peace edict

335
00:25:59,704 --> 00:26:03,291
seems to have only held temporarily
in the north.

336
00:26:06,794 --> 00:26:12,300
By the late 1580s, Date Masamune
had rapidly and dramatically

337
00:26:12,383 --> 00:26:14,885
expanded the power of the Date family.

338
00:26:28,649 --> 00:26:31,694
Hideyoshi's followers had conveyed
to Date Masamune

339
00:26:31,777 --> 00:26:36,282
that if Masamune continued to engage
in wars against his neighbors,

340
00:26:36,365 --> 00:26:38,868
Hideyoshi would have to
take action against him.

341
00:26:41,746 --> 00:26:43,456
[chuckles]

342
00:26:43,539 --> 00:26:49,003
Hideyoshi simply expects
that Masamune will fold to his command.

343
00:26:51,088 --> 00:26:52,715
[dramatic music playing]

344
00:26:59,305 --> 00:27:00,723
[straining]

345
00:27:01,891 --> 00:27:03,100
[Ashmore] And yet he doesn't.

346
00:27:03,893 --> 00:27:06,228
He will not bend.

347
00:27:14,278 --> 00:27:15,529
[wind whistling]

348
00:27:15,613 --> 00:27:20,076
Masamune wished to armor the north
against the west…

349
00:27:21,577 --> 00:27:25,122
to wall in his domain and his allies

350
00:27:26,707 --> 00:27:30,961
and send a clear message
to anyone, not just Hideyoshi,

351
00:27:31,045 --> 00:27:33,631
that the north was not to be trifled with.

352
00:27:37,176 --> 00:27:41,347
For Masamune, defeating the Ashina clan
was one of his top priorities.

353
00:27:43,432 --> 00:27:47,520
[Eason] The Ashina family had
a very long pedigree in the north.

354
00:27:47,603 --> 00:27:50,106
They were one of the most well-respected

355
00:27:50,189 --> 00:27:53,609
and highly-ranked families
among the warriors in that region.

356
00:27:54,985 --> 00:27:57,780
[Segal] And Masamune
always viewed the Ashina clan

357
00:27:57,863 --> 00:28:01,701
as one of his most important rivals
and a serious threat.

358
00:28:02,284 --> 00:28:06,831
[Eason] If able to conquer the Ashina
and seize their territories,

359
00:28:06,914 --> 00:28:09,625
Masamune would thereafter emerge

360
00:28:09,709 --> 00:28:13,295
as one of the most powerful landholders
in the country,

361
00:28:13,379 --> 00:28:18,092
with control essentially over the entire
northeastern portion of Japan.

362
00:28:18,175 --> 00:28:19,593
[dramatic music playing]

363
00:28:28,310 --> 00:28:31,313
[Ashmore] At the end of the 1580s,

364
00:28:31,397 --> 00:28:35,443
an interesting opportunity
fell into Masamune's lap.

365
00:28:37,653 --> 00:28:41,449
An Ashina lord by the name of Morikuni

366
00:28:41,532 --> 00:28:44,118
defected to the Date,

367
00:28:44,201 --> 00:28:47,246
revealing that the Ashina themselves were,

368
00:28:47,329 --> 00:28:51,625
as a consequence of political infighting,

369
00:28:51,709 --> 00:28:53,335
greatly reduced.

370
00:28:55,629 --> 00:28:59,800
Even though the ban
on inter-province warfare

371
00:28:59,884 --> 00:29:02,762
by Hideyoshi was now in effect,

372
00:29:02,845 --> 00:29:06,640
I think Masamune saw this
as an opportunity

373
00:29:06,724 --> 00:29:09,769
far too tempting a prize not to pluck.

374
00:29:18,194 --> 00:29:20,780
[narrator] Masamune knows victory 
over the Ashina

375
00:29:20,863 --> 00:29:24,074
will make him the most powerful lord
in Northern Japan.

376
00:29:24,784 --> 00:29:26,702
But victory is far from certain.

377
00:29:27,328 --> 00:29:29,038
The Ashina are ferocious,

378
00:29:29,121 --> 00:29:32,249
and if he loses,
he will face certain death.

379
00:29:33,459 --> 00:29:35,002
But, despite these risks,

380
00:29:35,085 --> 00:29:38,047
he invades with a force 
of over 20,000 men.

381
00:29:39,215 --> 00:29:41,759
A slightly smaller number 
of Ashina warriors

382
00:29:41,842 --> 00:29:44,053
are dispatched to intercept him,

383
00:29:44,136 --> 00:29:45,846
setting the stage for what will be

384
00:29:45,930 --> 00:29:48,599
one of the most notorious battles
of the age.

385
00:29:57,608 --> 00:30:00,861
When the Date forces invade Izu,

386
00:30:00,945 --> 00:30:05,491
they meet the defenders
at a place known as Suriagehara.

387
00:30:09,203 --> 00:30:13,290
Masamune retreats
with his cavalry guard to the rear,

388
00:30:13,374 --> 00:30:16,919
and the two forces settle down 
for the night

389
00:30:17,002 --> 00:30:19,255
and raise their own defenses.

390
00:30:20,548 --> 00:30:24,635
Masamune was certain
that this was going to be a massacre

391
00:30:24,718 --> 00:30:28,264
the likes of which
the Ashina had never known.

392
00:30:29,682 --> 00:30:31,100
[Eason] As dawn broke,

393
00:30:31,183 --> 00:30:34,019
Ashina forces confront the Date forces
head on.

394
00:30:34,103 --> 00:30:35,896
[soldiers shouting]

395
00:30:35,980 --> 00:30:38,023
They were in a press of melee,

396
00:30:38,107 --> 00:30:42,278
fighting in a savage, hand-to-hand brawl.

397
00:30:42,945 --> 00:30:44,029
[groans]

398
00:30:48,617 --> 00:30:52,538
But just after dawn,
a great dust storm erupts…

399
00:30:54,748 --> 00:30:58,335
and blows straight into the eyes
of these troops.

400
00:30:58,419 --> 00:30:59,461
[groans]

401
00:31:01,589 --> 00:31:02,715
[groans]

402
00:31:03,382 --> 00:31:05,426
And things at this point go very badly.

403
00:31:06,844 --> 00:31:08,304
[grunts]

404
00:31:08,387 --> 00:31:09,513
[groans]

405
00:31:10,347 --> 00:31:15,060
By mid-morning, the Date lines
are beginning to crumble.

406
00:31:19,231 --> 00:31:20,316
[screams]

407
00:31:26,113 --> 00:31:32,202
Masamune recognized very clearly
that the fate of his clan was in jeopardy.

408
00:31:33,537 --> 00:31:35,205
[horse nickers]

409
00:31:35,289 --> 00:31:41,462
Masamune himself rode to the front on
the left flank with his cavalry bodyguard.

410
00:31:41,545 --> 00:31:43,380
[soldiers battling]

411
00:31:48,886 --> 00:31:49,887
[screams]

412
00:31:52,890 --> 00:31:57,937
And they hit the Ashina flank
with the force of a hammer.

413
00:31:59,021 --> 00:32:00,064
[man screams]

414
00:32:10,366 --> 00:32:11,492
[grunts]

415
00:32:11,575 --> 00:32:15,204
[Ashmore] All they had to do was
encircle their opponents

416
00:32:15,287 --> 00:32:17,164
and cut them down where they stood.

417
00:32:17,623 --> 00:32:18,791
[men screaming]

418
00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:24,546
This was no battle. This was a massacre.

419
00:32:27,466 --> 00:32:29,468
[groans]

420
00:32:30,427 --> 00:32:31,887
-[blade slicing]
-[groans]

421
00:32:38,644 --> 00:32:41,271
[in Japanese] Victory!

422
00:32:41,355 --> 00:32:42,898
[men cheering]

423
00:32:46,568 --> 00:32:49,571
[Ashmore] According to the records 
of the battle,

424
00:32:49,655 --> 00:32:54,201
over 2,500 heads were taken

425
00:32:54,284 --> 00:32:58,122
and formally displayed
for Masamune after the battle.

426
00:32:58,789 --> 00:33:02,793
Here was a man who was willing
to take chances to win what was his.

427
00:33:06,547 --> 00:33:08,799
[Segal] Having won against the Ashina,

428
00:33:08,882 --> 00:33:11,135
who really were
a major power in the north,

429
00:33:11,218 --> 00:33:13,721
Masamune now takes on that title himself

430
00:33:13,804 --> 00:33:16,849
and becomes the most powerful warlord
of the northern region.

431
00:33:17,641 --> 00:33:18,851
[screams]

432
00:33:19,977 --> 00:33:21,895
This makes him a very powerful force.

433
00:33:21,979 --> 00:33:24,606
He is somebody to be watched
and to be reckoned with.

434
00:33:25,441 --> 00:33:30,154
For Hideyoshi, Masamune's presence
was something he could no longer ignore.

435
00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:43,417
[narrator] Less than a year 
after the Battle of Suriagehara,

436
00:33:43,500 --> 00:33:48,005
Hideyoshi and his immense army
ride north to Masamune's own doorstep.

437
00:33:48,881 --> 00:33:51,717
Hideyoshi's target is the Hōjō clan,

438
00:33:51,800 --> 00:33:54,928
one of the last warrior families
to oppose his rule.

439
00:33:55,804 --> 00:34:00,726
Hideyoshi's forces lay siege 
to the Hōjō stronghold, Odawara Castle.

440
00:34:01,351 --> 00:34:03,020
As a test of loyalty,

441
00:34:03,103 --> 00:34:07,608
Hideyoshi orders all other northern daimyo
to swear allegiance to him

442
00:34:07,691 --> 00:34:10,235
and join him
in the battle against the Hōjō.

443
00:34:10,736 --> 00:34:12,946
Nearly all of them agree immediately.

444
00:34:13,489 --> 00:34:15,866
But one dares to delay his response.

445
00:34:23,082 --> 00:34:27,628
[Ashmore] Having ignored all 
of Hideyoshi's previous orders

446
00:34:27,711 --> 00:34:29,046
to attend court,

447
00:34:29,129 --> 00:34:33,509
the Date lord now receives
one missive from Hideyoshi.

448
00:34:33,592 --> 00:34:35,594
[dramatic music playing]

449
00:34:38,222 --> 00:34:43,519
An order to join him at the siege
of the Hōjō castle of Odawara.

450
00:34:46,605 --> 00:34:50,609
His attendance at the siege
was merely a formality.

451
00:34:50,692 --> 00:34:52,903
Obedience to Hideyoshi.

452
00:34:53,904 --> 00:34:56,323
Here was the final gamble.

453
00:35:00,285 --> 00:35:03,789
Masamune was well aware
that if Hideyoshi defeated the Hōjō,

454
00:35:03,872 --> 00:35:05,457
he would be the next target,

455
00:35:05,541 --> 00:35:08,919
and that was a battle that Masamune
was well aware he could not win.

456
00:35:16,510 --> 00:35:19,805
[Ashmore] Masamune would go
to the siege of Odawara.

457
00:35:22,599 --> 00:35:24,560
But it would be on his terms.

458
00:35:26,854 --> 00:35:28,856
[dramatic music playing]

459
00:35:30,399 --> 00:35:33,110
He packed up his army and set off

460
00:35:33,193 --> 00:35:36,572
on a slow march 
across country to the siege.

461
00:35:37,239 --> 00:35:38,657
[Meyer] He makes many excuses:

462
00:35:38,740 --> 00:35:41,702
"The roads are bad."
"I'm delayed by this or that."

463
00:35:42,452 --> 00:35:46,665
It's very possible that Masamune
felt Hideyoshi might win, he might not.

464
00:35:46,748 --> 00:35:49,042
And before he commits to either side,

465
00:35:49,126 --> 00:35:52,337
he wants to see
who he thinks has an advantage.

466
00:36:00,179 --> 00:36:03,682
[Ledbetter] Eventually, Hideyoshi
has mobilized so many resources

467
00:36:03,765 --> 00:36:05,309
and so many men,

468
00:36:05,392 --> 00:36:09,146
that Hideyoshi would defeat the Hōjō
and take Odawara.

469
00:36:12,191 --> 00:36:13,150
[chuckles softly]

470
00:36:16,028 --> 00:36:17,070
[blade slashes]

471
00:36:23,368 --> 00:36:24,578
[wind whistling]

472
00:36:25,537 --> 00:36:27,539
[horse approaching]

473
00:36:34,838 --> 00:36:38,592
[Ashmore] Eventually, 
Masamune and his troops arrive

474
00:36:38,675 --> 00:36:40,719
at Hideyoshi's base camp…

475
00:36:42,679 --> 00:36:49,645
clad in his finest, white, long kimono
and bearing only a short sword.

476
00:36:49,728 --> 00:36:52,522
White represents purity,

477
00:36:52,606 --> 00:36:55,609
and, in this context, it represents death,

478
00:36:55,692 --> 00:36:58,820
reinforced by him
carrying his short sword…

479
00:37:00,614 --> 00:37:04,493
which he would use
to commit ritual suicide,

480
00:37:04,576 --> 00:37:06,328
should Hideyoshi order it.

481
00:37:10,540 --> 00:37:13,835
Perhaps this was an acknowledgment
that he might be put to death

482
00:37:13,919 --> 00:37:18,465
for his unwillingness to join
the Hideyoshi forces prior to this.

483
00:37:19,132 --> 00:37:22,511
Perhaps it was a ploy
to try to win Hideyoshi's sympathy.

484
00:37:22,594 --> 00:37:26,556
But he certainly was not cowardly
in any way in his approach.

485
00:37:39,569 --> 00:37:41,405
[Ashmore] Hideyoshi has Masamune

486
00:37:41,488 --> 00:37:45,993
placed before a tribunal
of his greatest generals,

487
00:37:46,076 --> 00:37:48,412
including Tokugawa Ieyasu.

488
00:37:52,124 --> 00:37:56,670
And they question him about why he didn't
acknowledge Hideyoshi's position sooner

489
00:37:56,753 --> 00:37:58,547
or respond to Hideyoshi's missives.

490
00:37:59,131 --> 00:38:01,675
And Masamune tries 
to play this off, saying,

491
00:38:01,758 --> 00:38:03,802
"I'm just a bit of a country bumpkin.

492
00:38:03,885 --> 00:38:07,472
I'm not used to the ways
of great leaders like yourselves."

493
00:38:15,981 --> 00:38:17,024
[yells]

494
00:38:18,942 --> 00:38:21,111
Even in the face of death,

495
00:38:21,194 --> 00:38:24,489
Masamune does not give one inch.

496
00:38:25,741 --> 00:38:26,992
He is here,

497
00:38:27,701 --> 00:38:29,328
and he has given his reasons,

498
00:38:29,411 --> 00:38:32,664
and if the reasons aren't sufficient,
he's ready to die for them.

499
00:38:35,917 --> 00:38:38,420
But he will not bend to anyone.

500
00:38:40,255 --> 00:38:42,466
[in Japanese] If you'd been 
a little later,

501
00:38:42,549 --> 00:38:44,468
your head would have been chopped off.

502
00:38:46,011 --> 00:38:47,929
-[Matsamune] I understand.
-[laughing]

503
00:38:49,973 --> 00:38:51,141
[laughs]

504
00:38:51,224 --> 00:38:53,560
[Segal] And so Hideyoshi spared his life.

505
00:38:57,481 --> 00:38:58,732
[exhales]

506
00:39:00,859 --> 00:39:02,527
[in Japanese] I like you.

507
00:39:04,237 --> 00:39:07,324
[Eason] Hideyoshi seems to have sensed

508
00:39:07,407 --> 00:39:11,870
that Masamune could be 
a far greater asset for him in the future

509
00:39:11,953 --> 00:39:12,871
if left alive.

510
00:39:18,043 --> 00:39:19,294
[in Japanese] Thank you.

511
00:39:20,879 --> 00:39:22,214
Bring some sake.

512
00:39:22,297 --> 00:39:25,634
[laughing]

513
00:39:26,218 --> 00:39:29,012
[Auslin] Hideyoshi figured out a way
to neutralize Masamune,

514
00:39:29,096 --> 00:39:34,476
and he does it without the final,
all-consuming, apocalyptic bloodbath

515
00:39:34,559 --> 00:39:36,603
that many assumed would have to happen.

516
00:39:36,686 --> 00:39:39,523
He forces his enemies
to come to the table.

517
00:39:39,606 --> 00:39:43,026
He forces his enemies to agree
to this political equilibrium.

518
00:39:43,110 --> 00:39:44,319
In essence, what he does,

519
00:39:44,403 --> 00:39:47,280
is he forces the great daimyo 
to agree it's time to stop.

520
00:39:47,364 --> 00:39:49,157
It's time to stop this civil war.

521
00:39:50,242 --> 00:39:54,121
[narrator] With Masamune brought to heel
and the Hōjō defeated,

522
00:39:54,204 --> 00:39:57,666
Hideyoshi has finally achieved
what Nobunaga could not.

523
00:39:59,584 --> 00:40:03,296
For the first time in over 120 years,

524
00:40:03,380 --> 00:40:05,757
all of Japan is ruled by one warlord.

525
00:40:08,135 --> 00:40:11,972
Through his daring use of violence,
politics and diplomacy,

526
00:40:12,055 --> 00:40:15,892
a man born a peasant has climbed
to the very peak of power.

527
00:40:20,313 --> 00:40:22,315
[birds chirping]

528
00:40:30,365 --> 00:40:36,455
Hideyoshi, by around 1590,
is confronting a kind of ironic problem,

529
00:40:36,538 --> 00:40:40,041
which is he has been so successful,
so swiftly,

530
00:40:40,125 --> 00:40:44,546
and he has this now
huge following of daimyo,

531
00:40:44,629 --> 00:40:48,049
and he no doubt
feels the need to keep them busy.

532
00:40:48,133 --> 00:40:50,135
[men battling]

533
00:40:52,512 --> 00:40:54,264
[Auslin] These men were conquerors.

534
00:40:55,807 --> 00:40:58,643
They had grown up in a society in which,

535
00:40:58,727 --> 00:41:00,562
if you didn't conquer, you died,

536
00:41:00,645 --> 00:41:03,523
and your family died,
and your lands were taken from you.

537
00:41:06,026 --> 00:41:07,277
[screams]

538
00:41:11,198 --> 00:41:14,451
Once there's no more land to conquer
in Japan, what do you do?

539
00:41:14,534 --> 00:41:16,661
That's really a conundrum for Hideyoshi,

540
00:41:16,745 --> 00:41:19,831
who has worked for decades now 
to end the war.

541
00:41:19,915 --> 00:41:21,541
What do you do with the samurai?

542
00:41:21,625 --> 00:41:23,627
[dramatic music playing]

543
00:41:32,427 --> 00:41:33,929
[Spafford] And so he conceives

544
00:41:34,012 --> 00:41:38,058
of a fantastical and completely
megalomaniacal kind of proposition.

545
00:41:40,060 --> 00:41:43,188
[Auslin] For a warrior who had
never made a mistake in battle,

546
00:41:43,271 --> 00:41:46,483
he's about to commit 
one of his greatest strategic blunders

547
00:41:46,566 --> 00:41:49,945
and bring on Japan one of the greatest
catastrophes in its history.

548
00:41:50,695 --> 00:41:52,113
[groans]

549
00:41:54,616 --> 00:41:56,618
[closing theme plays]