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[suspenseful music playing]
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[groaning softly]
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[grunts]
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[groaning]
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[opening theme plays]
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[narrator] After unifying much of Japan,
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fearsome samurai Oda Nobunaga is dead.
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His loyal supporter Hideyoshi
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has launched a coup
and seized power for himself.
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Enraged,
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powerful General Katsuie
has launched his own bid
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to control the nation.
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He has moved to smash the three fortresses
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that guard the way into his enemy's lands.
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Two have fallen.
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The third, Shizugatake, remains.
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To seize it,
he sends his nephew, Morimasa.
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If he succeeds, Hideyoshi is doomed.
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[wind whistling]
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[Turnbull] Sakuma Morimasa knew
how important it was
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to capture the fortress Shizugatake…
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but the fortress held out.
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And the longer it held out,
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the more chance there was
of Hideyoshi moving to its rescue.
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[dramatic music playing]
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[Meyer] The thing about any siege
is that if you are the besieger,
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you are intensely vulnerable
to an attack by a relief force.
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Your attention is all on this castle,
as it should be,
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which means your back
is pretty much to the rest of the world.
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[Turnbull] Shibata Katsuie
was so concerned…
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that he sent a messenger to Sakuma
saying, "Abandon the siege of Shizugatake.
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Occupy one of the other two fortresses
that you've captured."
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[Ledbetter] Morimasa ignores the order.
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He believed that he had time
to continue the siege.
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[Turnbull] "Shizugatake will be mine
by nightfall"
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was the message
he sent back to his master.
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Shibata was not convinced.
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[yells]
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[slams table]
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[breathes heavily]
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He knew that Sakuma Morimasa
was very vulnerable to a rear attack
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by Hideyoshi's army.
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[Auslin] Even though he came
from the lowest class of samurai warrior,
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Hideyoshi showed himself to be
an incredibly strategic general.
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A master tactician.
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[Meyer] He's an very talented commander
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with a proven reputation
on the battlefield.
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And, so, when messages arrive,
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telling him what is happening
at Shizugatake…
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he seems to have decided
that this is a moment for him to seize.
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[in Japanese] It is time to go!
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Hideyoshi told the messenger that
he would send reinforcements immediately,
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so they have to hold on.
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Follow me!
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[horse neighs]
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[Meyer] Hideyoshi has made his name
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because of his ability
to move troops very quickly,
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and so he decides,
if he can get a force to Shizugatake,
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he may have an opening here
to counter-attack,
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to crush the besieging army
and win a decisive advantage for himself.
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The first Sakuma Morimasa knew
of what was going on
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was when he looked down into the valley…
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[soldiers marching]
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…to see hundreds of Hideyoshi samurai
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marching up
the well-trodden mountain paths.
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It was a huge shock to Morimasa.
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He tried desperately
to re-order his army,
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to put down a firm defensive line
against Hideyoshi's mountain advance…
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[yelling]
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…but it was already too late.
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[groans]
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[yells]
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Morimasa's men
were completely disorganized.
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[yelling]
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[Turnbull] And Hideyoshi's army had
the considerable advantage of surprise.
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[groans]
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[groans]
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The Battle of Shizugatake
was a particularly fierce one
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in terms of the hand-to-hand combat.
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A scene of utter carnage…
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[screams]
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…in a very confined space.
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[groans]
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[groans]
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[groans]
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[in Japanese] I have won.
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Katsuie's life is in my hands!
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[yells]
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Soon, Sakuma's men
were fleeing down the mountain
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for the security of Shibata's castle.
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Hideyoshi's army followed in pursuit.
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[groans loudly]
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[Turnbull] After three days of siege,
Katsuie knew that his cause was hopeless.
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[in Japanese] Katsuie eventually
had to choose death.
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So, he committed seppuku.
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[Turnbull] Hideyoshi's victory
at Shizugatake was a decisive battle.
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Hideyoshi was now
the de facto ruler of Japan,
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and the inheritor
of Oda Nobunaga's domain.
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[dramatic music playing]
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[thunder rumbling]
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[horse nickers]
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[Spafford] Hideyoshi is the rare figure
in political history
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who can actually be said
to have had a vision,
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to have had a sense of new possibilities
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beyond what everybody had experienced.
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[Auslin] We have to remember
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that civil war had, by this time,
been raging for a century in Japan.
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There's no one alive in Japan
who hasn't seen war,
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and Hideyoshi is trying to create
a stable political system,
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whereby the civil wars
can come to an end.
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But even though Hideyoshi has become
the most powerful daimyo in Japan,
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he is still in great danger.
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There are great daimyos
who want to take power for themselves.
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Then there's Tokugawa Ieyasu,
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with whom he has to come
to some type of a firm alliance.
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So, he's by no means out of the woods.
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[Ledbetter] While both of them fought
together side-by-side with Nobunaga
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at many of his battles…
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[groans]
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…Ieyasu had not been so much
a subordinate of Nobunaga,
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he was an ally.
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So, it was a little bit galling for Ieyasu
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to have one of Nobunaga's subordinates
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suddenly acting as if
he was in charge of all of Japan.
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[dramatic music playing]
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[Segal] Ieyasu had his own ambitions
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to perhaps supplant Hideyoshi
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and become the most powerful man in Japan.
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He's a very patient strategist.
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He knows that he should only strike
and only commit his forces
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when he has the preponderance of power.
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So, he has to make sure that he allies
with the right daimyo to defeat Hideyoshi.
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Ieyasu sees that his best move
is to throw his support
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behind Oda Nobunaga's second son,
Oda Nobukatsu.
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[Turnbull] Oda Nobukatsu's claim
was quite simply
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that he was the true heir of Nobunaga,
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and Hideyoshi
had performed an illegal coup.
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[Oleg Benesch] Tokugawa Ieyasu saw
allying himself with Oda Nobukatsu
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as an opportunity to potentially overthrow
Hideyoshi before he became too powerful.
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And he probably feels
that when the time is ripe,
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he will simply discard Nobukatsu
and take power for himself.
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[Turnbull] It was quite a gamble
for Ieyasu.
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He had a reputation for being a patient,
careful thinker,
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but sometimes even the most
patient people have to take risks,
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and this could have been one of
the greatest gambles of Ieyasu's career.
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[narrator] With Nobukatsu's troops
in support,
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Ieyasu leads his army
against Hideyoshi's much larger force.
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There are several bloody clashes,
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but the fighting ends in stalemate.
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Ieyasu's plan has backfired.
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Now, hoping to salvage
what he can of his army
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and potentially live to fight another day,
the wily Ieyasu gambles once again.
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He decides to meet with Hideyoshi
and see if they can make peace.
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[suspenseful music playing]
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[Auslin] Now, this is potentially fatal
for Ieyasu.
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There's a chance that Hideyoshi
is going to double-cross him.
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[Segal] Meeting with Hideyoshi
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provided the potential opportunity
for Hideyoshi to have him killed.
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I have no doubt that neither man
truly trusted the other.
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From Hideyoshi's perspective,
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there were some advantages
to keeping Ieyasu around.
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He had a large standing army,
was clearly a proven general.
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So, for him, there were benefits
in having Ieyasu as a loyal ally.
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Ieyasu would nominally submit
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and acknowledge Hideyoshi as his superior,
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in return for an end to the hostilities
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and a position almost
as Hideyoshi's right-hand man.
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[Auslin] They do the traditional thing,
which is to trade hostages.
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Ieyasu gives his second son
to Hideyoshi to be adopted.
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And Hideyoshi actually gives his mother,
who he loved very dearly, to Ieyasu.
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The principle behind the hostage system
was quite simple…
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If the other warlord broke the peace,
then the hostages would be executed.
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[Auslin] Hideyoshi's gambling he'll be
able to maintain this alliance with Ieyasu
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and that Ieyasu won't become too strong
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to one day challenge him
for ultimate supremacy.
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After decades of civil war in Japan,
none of these daimyo can trust each other.
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The change that has to come
is where they accept
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that they can begin to live
with each other,
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as opposed to destroy each other.
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And that's what you're seeing
right at this moment.
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This very important alliance
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allows Ieyasu to protect
Hideyoshi's eastern flank,
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which allowed Hideyoshi to concentrate
on unifying the center of the country.
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But in order to unify the country,
Hideyoshi needed legitimacy.
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[dramatic music playing]
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[Spafford] There's no question that
Hideyoshi earned his place at the top,
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but obviously in a society
that was still very conscious
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of title, of prestige, of bloodlines,
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Hideyoshi had what may have seemed
like an insurmountable obstacle.
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[writing]
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[Garrett] True legitimacy in Japan comes
ultimately from the figure of the emperor,
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but the emperor as a figure is one
who is essentially a symbolic,
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rather than a ruling, figure.
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As a result, over Japanese history,
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authority has been held
more often by prime ministers.
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In Hideyoshi's case, he saw
that a way to legitimize his power
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would be to become prime minister.
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However,
in order to become prime minister,
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one had to be of the correct lineage.
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You had to be from a specific branch
of the noble Fujiwara family
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and Hideyoshi, of course,
as the son of a peasant, was not.
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[Spafford] The Fujiwara had literally
dominated the court
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for at least 400 years.
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi's strategy
was to work very closely with the court.
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He was asking the court to present him
with possible family lineages
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and other things that would
help legitimize him.
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In return, he would help the court
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and help rebuild palaces
that had been destroyed
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and build the court's prestige.
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[suspenseful music playing]
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Mysteriously, the court
was able to find documents that proved
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that Hideyoshi was actually a descendant
of the aristocratic Fujiwara family.
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He fabricated a new lineage for himself
out of whole cloth.
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And by being adopted into the Fujiwara,
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Hideyoshi was able
to claim the title of Prime Minister.
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[dramatic music playing]
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[narrator] Hideyoshi's meteoric rise has
made him the most powerful man in Japan.
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In just five years, he has managed
to expand his territory
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from one-third of the nation
to roughly half,
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and he is now keen to grab the rest.
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But powerful enemies
still oppose his bid for total control.
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To the east, the Hōjō see themselves
as Japan's rightful rulers
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and in the north, from within the Date,
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a new challenger is rising,
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a young, ambitious and fearless leader
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who is determined
to stand in Hideyoshi's way:
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Date Masamune.
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[Ashmore] As the eldest son of his clan,
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Masamune had
a certain sense of entitlement,
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but that was exacerbated
by the fact that, early in life,
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he was struck down by smallpox…
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which was seen as a commoner's disease.
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And not only did it
affect his entire body,
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it also caused an infection
in one of the tear ducts in his eyes,
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which caused the eye
to protrude from his head.
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And almost immediately after he had been…
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named successor,
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his own mother
attempted to have him assassinated
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and replaced by his brother.
240
00:18:48,752 --> 00:18:52,512
His still-damaged right eye
241
00:18:52,589 --> 00:18:56,299
made him, in her sight,
less than a whole man.
242
00:19:04,852 --> 00:19:06,852
-[breathing quickly]
-[squishing]
243
00:19:09,690 --> 00:19:10,900
[grunts]
244
00:19:11,567 --> 00:19:12,397
[groans]
245
00:19:12,484 --> 00:19:14,614
And in that moment, Masamune decided
246
00:19:14,695 --> 00:19:17,655
to just rip the eye clean out
to remove that vulnerability.
247
00:19:17,739 --> 00:19:20,079
[groaning loudly]
248
00:19:30,627 --> 00:19:35,337
He has come to be known as Dokuganryu,
the One-Eyed Dragon of Oshu.
249
00:19:38,427 --> 00:19:40,007
[groans]
250
00:19:40,095 --> 00:19:41,425
He demanded submission.
251
00:19:41,513 --> 00:19:45,063
He wanted power,
and, most importantly, respect.
252
00:19:45,142 --> 00:19:46,522
[Masamune groans]
253
00:19:48,270 --> 00:19:50,650
[Ashmore] This became
Masamune's driving force.
254
00:19:50,731 --> 00:19:51,821
[Masamune groaning]
255
00:19:51,899 --> 00:19:56,149
Those who were loyal to him,
scarred and pockmarked as he was,
256
00:19:56,236 --> 00:19:57,446
could be counted on.
257
00:19:58,280 --> 00:20:01,580
Anyone else was to be cut down.
258
00:20:01,658 --> 00:20:05,658
Masamune had to trample
these people underfoot.
259
00:20:13,754 --> 00:20:17,804
Very early in Masamune's career,
he faces his first serious challenge.
260
00:20:20,677 --> 00:20:25,467
[Ashmore] One of his father's
closest allies, Ouchi Sadatsuna,
261
00:20:25,557 --> 00:20:28,977
was tempted away
from the support of Masamune
262
00:20:29,061 --> 00:20:32,061
by the clan's old enemies, the Ashina.
263
00:20:32,981 --> 00:20:38,741
And I believe that Sadatsuna had seen
in the young lord an unstable personality,
264
00:20:38,820 --> 00:20:40,910
who could not hold the clan together.
265
00:20:44,076 --> 00:20:48,366
Sadatsuna's rebellion
had to be crushed immediately.
266
00:20:51,250 --> 00:20:56,760
And Masamune decides to act decisively
and go to war against Ouchi Sadatsuna.
267
00:20:56,838 --> 00:20:58,378
[dramatic music playing]
268
00:20:58,465 --> 00:21:02,795
Masamune commands his forces
to attack Odemori Castle.
269
00:21:05,472 --> 00:21:11,402
It was absolutely necessary that he send
the most brutal statement of intent
270
00:21:11,478 --> 00:21:13,308
in his attack on the Ouchi.
271
00:21:13,897 --> 00:21:18,487
The strength of the blow
would be a mark of the man himself.
272
00:21:20,904 --> 00:21:23,284
[Eason] After encircling the castle,
273
00:21:23,573 --> 00:21:24,533
[soldiers shouting]
274
00:21:24,616 --> 00:21:29,286
Masamune commanded his forces to slaughter
all those within the castle walls.
275
00:21:32,499 --> 00:21:33,499
[groans]
276
00:21:38,297 --> 00:21:40,007
And Masamune writes that,
277
00:21:40,090 --> 00:21:42,930
"We spared no one,
including women and children.
278
00:21:43,010 --> 00:21:45,180
Killing everyone, down to the dogs."
279
00:21:49,641 --> 00:21:50,731
[groans]
280
00:21:55,814 --> 00:22:00,614
The fact that Masamune would be
willing to put everyone to the sword
281
00:22:00,694 --> 00:22:02,994
had to have a point behind it,
282
00:22:03,071 --> 00:22:06,451
and I think that point
was the development of fear.
283
00:22:07,743 --> 00:22:14,463
A one-eyed monster descending
on rebellious vassals
284
00:22:14,541 --> 00:22:16,591
to be taught the ultimate lesson.
285
00:22:17,169 --> 00:22:18,879
[groans]
286
00:22:23,258 --> 00:22:25,718
[Segal] Hideyoshi hears
of Masamune's rise.
287
00:22:25,802 --> 00:22:29,892
He recognizes that Masamune is
an up-and-coming force in the north.
288
00:22:29,973 --> 00:22:31,813
And he realizes that at some point,
289
00:22:31,892 --> 00:22:34,392
if things continue in the direction
they're headed,
290
00:22:34,478 --> 00:22:38,068
the two men are going to have to
either come to terms or go to war.
291
00:22:42,652 --> 00:22:45,912
[narrator] Hideyoshi's concerns
about Masamune are confirmed
292
00:22:45,989 --> 00:22:50,119
when the One-Eyed Dragon unleashes
a new wave of attacks against his rivals,
293
00:22:50,869 --> 00:22:53,619
plunging the north into all-out civil war.
294
00:22:55,332 --> 00:23:00,552
Masamune's actions help drive Hideyoshi
to consider a bold new course of action,
295
00:23:01,213 --> 00:23:05,013
one he hopes will finally end
the bloodshed of the last century
296
00:23:05,092 --> 00:23:07,932
and unify all of Japan under his banner.
297
00:23:08,762 --> 00:23:13,522
To make it a reality, this time he plans
to use something other than the sword.
298
00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:15,600
[birds chirping]
299
00:23:16,978 --> 00:23:21,648
[Spafford] No sooner had Hideyoshi
consolidated his own power
300
00:23:21,733 --> 00:23:25,113
then he started to produce legislation
301
00:23:25,195 --> 00:23:26,945
that was aimed at reshaping
302
00:23:27,030 --> 00:23:29,870
the fabric of Japanese society
in the most profound ways.
303
00:23:41,044 --> 00:23:42,464
[horse neighs]
304
00:23:49,803 --> 00:23:54,393
One of the first really striking reforms
that Hideyoshi carried out
305
00:23:55,100 --> 00:23:59,350
was to order what has come to be known
as a "sword hunt."
306
00:24:07,320 --> 00:24:08,660
[dog barking]
307
00:24:08,738 --> 00:24:09,738
[horse neighs]
308
00:24:10,907 --> 00:24:14,737
In other words, he sent out his
emissaries throughout the countryside
309
00:24:14,828 --> 00:24:18,538
to requisition all weapons from commoners.
310
00:24:18,623 --> 00:24:21,793
In the late medieval period,
weapons had been very widespread,
311
00:24:21,877 --> 00:24:25,507
and this is one of the factors
that contributes to both instability
312
00:24:25,589 --> 00:24:27,259
and political resistance.
313
00:24:27,340 --> 00:24:30,640
It is much harder to resist
the political rule of the warriors
314
00:24:30,719 --> 00:24:32,639
if you yourself have no weapons.
315
00:24:33,513 --> 00:24:35,813
[Spafford] So what he was doing,
in a sense,
316
00:24:35,891 --> 00:24:39,731
was trying to stabilize
the social structure of the country
317
00:24:39,811 --> 00:24:45,321
by creating a gulf between
a heavily-armed warrior class elite,
318
00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:47,030
which was a tiny minority,
319
00:24:47,110 --> 00:24:50,200
and a vast commoner population,
320
00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:54,830
which was suddenly unable
to resist the warrior class.
321
00:24:56,703 --> 00:24:59,163
There's some irony to this policy.
322
00:24:59,247 --> 00:25:03,707
The man, Hideyoshi, who rose possibly
from being a commoner, a villager,
323
00:25:03,793 --> 00:25:08,553
all the way to the pinnacle of power
was essentially disempowering his peers.
324
00:25:09,216 --> 00:25:12,386
He was essentially
closing the door behind himself.
325
00:25:14,721 --> 00:25:16,221
-[blade slashes]
-[man groans]
326
00:25:16,306 --> 00:25:17,636
[screams]
327
00:25:21,603 --> 00:25:24,653
Besides issuing these laws
that would separate the classes
328
00:25:24,731 --> 00:25:27,231
and disarm the population
against the samurai,
329
00:25:27,317 --> 00:25:30,237
Hideyoshi issues one other edict
with huge consequences,
330
00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:31,740
the so-called "peace edict."
331
00:25:31,821 --> 00:25:36,121
This edict would make it illegal
for any daimyo independently to go to war,
332
00:25:36,201 --> 00:25:38,791
and instead left Hideyoshi
as the only man in Japan
333
00:25:38,870 --> 00:25:42,120
who could decide when a war
would start and how it would be waged.
334
00:25:56,012 --> 00:25:59,602
[Eason] Hideyoshi's all-encompassing
peace edict
335
00:25:59,683 --> 00:26:03,273
seems to have only held temporarily
in the north.
336
00:26:06,773 --> 00:26:12,283
By the late 1580s, Date Masamune
had rapidly and dramatically
337
00:26:12,362 --> 00:26:14,862
expanded the power of the Date family.
338
00:26:28,628 --> 00:26:31,668
Hideyoshi's followers had conveyed
to Date Masamune
339
00:26:31,756 --> 00:26:36,256
that if Masamune continued to engage
in wars against his neighbors,
340
00:26:36,344 --> 00:26:38,854
Hideyoshi would have to
take action against him.
341
00:26:41,725 --> 00:26:43,435
[chuckles]
342
00:26:43,518 --> 00:26:48,978
Hideyoshi simply expects
that Masamune will fold to his command.
343
00:26:51,067 --> 00:26:52,687
[dramatic music playing]
344
00:26:59,284 --> 00:27:00,704
[straining]
345
00:27:01,870 --> 00:27:03,080
[Ashmore] And yet he doesn't.
346
00:27:03,872 --> 00:27:06,212
He will not bend.
347
00:27:14,257 --> 00:27:15,507
[wind whistling]
348
00:27:15,592 --> 00:27:20,062
Masamune wished to armor the north
against the west…
349
00:27:21,556 --> 00:27:25,096
to wall in his domain and his allies
350
00:27:26,686 --> 00:27:30,936
and send a clear message
to anyone, not just Hideyoshi,
351
00:27:31,024 --> 00:27:33,614
that the north was not to be trifled with.
352
00:27:37,155 --> 00:27:41,325
For Masamune, defeating the Ashina clan
was one of his top priorities.
353
00:27:43,411 --> 00:27:47,501
[Eason] The Ashina family had
a very long pedigree in the north.
354
00:27:47,582 --> 00:27:50,092
They were one of the most well-respected
355
00:27:50,168 --> 00:27:53,588
and highly-ranked families
among the warriors in that region.
356
00:27:54,964 --> 00:27:57,764
[Segal] And Masamune
always viewed the Ashina clan
357
00:27:57,842 --> 00:28:01,682
as one of his most important rivals
and a serious threat.
358
00:28:02,263 --> 00:28:06,813
[Eason] If able to conquer the Ashina
and seize their territories,
359
00:28:06,893 --> 00:28:09,603
Masamune would thereafter emerge
360
00:28:09,688 --> 00:28:13,268
as one of the most powerful landholders
in the country,
361
00:28:13,358 --> 00:28:18,068
with control essentially over the entire
northeastern portion of Japan.
362
00:28:18,154 --> 00:28:19,574
[dramatic music playing]
363
00:28:28,289 --> 00:28:31,289
[Ashmore] At the end of the 1580s,
364
00:28:31,376 --> 00:28:35,416
an interesting opportunity
fell into Masamune's lap.
365
00:28:37,632 --> 00:28:41,432
An Ashina lord by the name of Morikuni
366
00:28:41,511 --> 00:28:44,101
defected to the Date,
367
00:28:44,180 --> 00:28:47,230
revealing that the Ashina themselves were,
368
00:28:47,308 --> 00:28:51,598
as a consequence of political infighting,
369
00:28:51,688 --> 00:28:53,308
greatly reduced.
370
00:28:55,608 --> 00:28:59,778
Even though the ban
on inter-province warfare
371
00:28:59,863 --> 00:29:02,743
by Hideyoshi was now in effect,
372
00:29:02,824 --> 00:29:06,624
I think Masamune saw this
as an opportunity
373
00:29:06,703 --> 00:29:09,753
far too tempting a prize not to pluck.
374
00:29:18,173 --> 00:29:20,763
[narrator] Masamune knows victory
over the Ashina
375
00:29:20,842 --> 00:29:24,052
will make him the most powerful lord
in Northern Japan.
376
00:29:24,763 --> 00:29:26,683
But victory is far from certain.
377
00:29:27,307 --> 00:29:29,017
The Ashina are ferocious,
378
00:29:29,100 --> 00:29:32,230
and if he loses,
he will face certain death.
379
00:29:33,438 --> 00:29:34,978
But, despite these risks,
380
00:29:35,064 --> 00:29:38,034
he invades with a force
of over 20,000 men.
381
00:29:39,194 --> 00:29:41,744
A slightly smaller number
of Ashina warriors
382
00:29:41,821 --> 00:29:44,031
are dispatched to intercept him,
383
00:29:44,115 --> 00:29:45,825
setting the stage for what will be
384
00:29:45,909 --> 00:29:48,579
one of the most notorious battles
of the age.
385
00:29:57,587 --> 00:30:00,837
When the Date forces invade Izu,
386
00:30:00,924 --> 00:30:05,474
they meet the defenders
at a place known as Suriagehara.
387
00:30:09,182 --> 00:30:13,272
Masamune retreats
with his cavalry guard to the rear,
388
00:30:13,353 --> 00:30:16,903
and the two forces settle down
for the night
389
00:30:16,981 --> 00:30:19,231
and raise their own defenses.
390
00:30:20,527 --> 00:30:24,607
Masamune was certain
that this was going to be a massacre
391
00:30:24,697 --> 00:30:28,237
the likes of which
the Ashina had never known.
392
00:30:29,661 --> 00:30:31,081
[Eason] As dawn broke,
393
00:30:31,162 --> 00:30:34,002
Ashina forces confront the Date forces
head on.
394
00:30:34,082 --> 00:30:35,882
[soldiers shouting]
395
00:30:35,959 --> 00:30:37,999
They were in a press of melee,
396
00:30:38,086 --> 00:30:42,256
fighting in a savage, hand-to-hand brawl.
397
00:30:42,924 --> 00:30:44,014
[groans]
398
00:30:48,596 --> 00:30:52,516
But just after dawn,
a great dust storm erupts…
399
00:30:54,727 --> 00:30:58,307
and blows straight into the eyes
of these troops.
400
00:30:58,398 --> 00:30:59,438
[groans]
401
00:31:01,568 --> 00:31:02,688
[groans]
402
00:31:03,361 --> 00:31:05,411
And things at this point go very badly.
403
00:31:06,823 --> 00:31:08,283
[grunts]
404
00:31:08,366 --> 00:31:09,486
[groans]
405
00:31:10,326 --> 00:31:15,036
By mid-morning, the Date lines
are beginning to crumble.
406
00:31:19,210 --> 00:31:20,300
[screams]
407
00:31:26,092 --> 00:31:32,182
Masamune recognized very clearly
that the fate of his clan was in jeopardy.
408
00:31:33,516 --> 00:31:35,176
[horse nickers]
409
00:31:35,268 --> 00:31:41,438
Masamune himself rode to the front on
the left flank with his cavalry bodyguard.
410
00:31:41,524 --> 00:31:43,364
[soldiers battling]
411
00:31:48,865 --> 00:31:49,865
[screams]
412
00:31:52,869 --> 00:31:57,919
And they hit the Ashina flank
with the force of a hammer.
413
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:00,040
[man screams]
414
00:32:10,345 --> 00:32:11,465
[grunts]
415
00:32:11,554 --> 00:32:15,184
[Ashmore] All they had to do was
encircle their opponents
416
00:32:15,266 --> 00:32:17,136
and cut them down where they stood.
417
00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:18,772
[men screaming]
418
00:32:20,939 --> 00:32:24,529
This was no battle. This was a massacre.
419
00:32:27,445 --> 00:32:29,445
[groans]
420
00:32:30,406 --> 00:32:31,866
-[blade slicing]
-[groans]
421
00:32:38,623 --> 00:32:41,253
[in Japanese] Victory!
422
00:32:41,334 --> 00:32:42,884
[men cheering]
423
00:32:46,547 --> 00:32:49,547
[Ashmore] According to the records
of the battle,
424
00:32:49,634 --> 00:32:54,184
over 2,500 heads were taken
425
00:32:54,263 --> 00:32:58,103
and formally displayed
for Masamune after the battle.
426
00:32:58,768 --> 00:33:02,768
Here was a man who was willing
to take chances to win what was his.
427
00:33:06,526 --> 00:33:08,776
[Segal] Having won against the Ashina,
428
00:33:08,861 --> 00:33:11,111
who really were
a major power in the north,
429
00:33:11,197 --> 00:33:13,697
Masamune now takes on that title himself
430
00:33:13,783 --> 00:33:16,833
and becomes the most powerful warlord
of the northern region.
431
00:33:17,620 --> 00:33:18,830
[screams]
432
00:33:19,956 --> 00:33:21,866
This makes him a very powerful force.
433
00:33:21,958 --> 00:33:24,588
He is somebody to be watched
and to be reckoned with.
434
00:33:25,420 --> 00:33:30,130
For Hideyoshi, Masamune's presence
was something he could no longer ignore.
435
00:33:40,059 --> 00:33:43,399
[narrator] Less than a year
after the Battle of Suriagehara,
436
00:33:43,479 --> 00:33:47,979
Hideyoshi and his immense army
ride north to Masamune's own doorstep.
437
00:33:48,860 --> 00:33:51,700
Hideyoshi's target is the Hōjō clan,
438
00:33:51,779 --> 00:33:54,909
one of the last warrior families
to oppose his rule.
439
00:33:55,783 --> 00:34:00,713
Hideyoshi's forces lay siege
to the Hōjō stronghold, Odawara Castle.
440
00:34:01,330 --> 00:34:03,000
As a test of loyalty,
441
00:34:03,082 --> 00:34:07,592
Hideyoshi orders all other northern daimyo
to swear allegiance to him
442
00:34:07,670 --> 00:34:10,210
and join him
in the battle against the Hōjō.
443
00:34:10,715 --> 00:34:12,925
Nearly all of them agree immediately.
444
00:34:13,468 --> 00:34:15,848
But one dares to delay his response.
445
00:34:23,061 --> 00:34:27,611
[Ashmore] Having ignored all
of Hideyoshi's previous orders
446
00:34:27,690 --> 00:34:29,030
to attend court,
447
00:34:29,108 --> 00:34:33,488
the Date lord now receives
one missive from Hideyoshi.
448
00:34:33,571 --> 00:34:35,571
[dramatic music playing]
449
00:34:38,201 --> 00:34:43,501
An order to join him at the siege
of the Hōjō castle of Odawara.
450
00:34:46,584 --> 00:34:50,594
His attendance at the siege
was merely a formality.
451
00:34:50,671 --> 00:34:52,881
Obedience to Hideyoshi.
452
00:34:53,883 --> 00:34:56,303
Here was the final gamble.
453
00:35:00,264 --> 00:35:03,774
Masamune was well aware
that if Hideyoshi defeated the Hōjō,
454
00:35:03,851 --> 00:35:05,441
he would be the next target,
455
00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:08,900
and that was a battle that Masamune
was well aware he could not win.
456
00:35:16,489 --> 00:35:19,779
[Ashmore] Masamune would go
to the siege of Odawara.
457
00:35:22,578 --> 00:35:24,538
But it would be on his terms.
458
00:35:26,833 --> 00:35:28,843
[dramatic music playing]
459
00:35:30,378 --> 00:35:33,088
He packed up his army and set off
460
00:35:33,172 --> 00:35:36,552
on a slow march
across country to the siege.
461
00:35:37,218 --> 00:35:38,638
[Meyer] He makes many excuses:
462
00:35:38,719 --> 00:35:41,679
"The roads are bad."
"I'm delayed by this or that."
463
00:35:42,431 --> 00:35:46,641
It's very possible that Masamune
felt Hideyoshi might win, he might not.
464
00:35:46,727 --> 00:35:49,017
And before he commits to either side,
465
00:35:49,105 --> 00:35:52,315
he wants to see
who he thinks has an advantage.
466
00:36:00,158 --> 00:36:03,658
[Ledbetter] Eventually, Hideyoshi
has mobilized so many resources
467
00:36:03,744 --> 00:36:05,294
and so many men,
468
00:36:05,371 --> 00:36:09,131
that Hideyoshi would defeat the Hōjō
and take Odawara.
469
00:36:12,170 --> 00:36:13,130
[chuckles softly]
470
00:36:16,007 --> 00:36:17,047
[blade slashes]
471
00:36:23,347 --> 00:36:24,557
[wind whistling]
472
00:36:25,516 --> 00:36:27,516
[horse approaching]
473
00:36:34,817 --> 00:36:38,567
[Ashmore] Eventually,
Masamune and his troops arrive
474
00:36:38,654 --> 00:36:40,704
at Hideyoshi's base camp…
475
00:36:42,658 --> 00:36:49,618
clad in his finest, white, long kimono
and bearing only a short sword.
476
00:36:49,707 --> 00:36:52,497
White represents purity,
477
00:36:52,585 --> 00:36:55,585
and, in this context, it represents death,
478
00:36:55,671 --> 00:36:58,801
reinforced by him
carrying his short sword…
479
00:37:00,593 --> 00:37:04,473
which he would use
to commit ritual suicide,
480
00:37:04,555 --> 00:37:06,305
should Hideyoshi order it.
481
00:37:10,519 --> 00:37:13,809
Perhaps this was an acknowledgment
that he might be put to death
482
00:37:13,898 --> 00:37:18,438
for his unwillingness to join
the Hideyoshi forces prior to this.
483
00:37:19,111 --> 00:37:22,491
Perhaps it was a ploy
to try to win Hideyoshi's sympathy.
484
00:37:22,573 --> 00:37:26,543
But he certainly was not cowardly
in any way in his approach.
485
00:37:39,548 --> 00:37:41,378
[Ashmore] Hideyoshi has Masamune
486
00:37:41,467 --> 00:37:45,967
placed before a tribunal
of his greatest generals,
487
00:37:46,055 --> 00:37:48,385
including Tokugawa Ieyasu.
488
00:37:52,103 --> 00:37:56,653
And they question him about why he didn't
acknowledge Hideyoshi's position sooner
489
00:37:56,732 --> 00:37:58,532
or respond to Hideyoshi's missives.
490
00:37:59,110 --> 00:38:01,650
And Masamune tries
to play this off, saying,
491
00:38:01,737 --> 00:38:03,777
"I'm just a bit of a country bumpkin.
492
00:38:03,864 --> 00:38:07,454
I'm not used to the ways
of great leaders like yourselves."
493
00:38:15,960 --> 00:38:17,000
[yells]
494
00:38:18,921 --> 00:38:21,091
Even in the face of death,
495
00:38:21,173 --> 00:38:24,473
Masamune does not give one inch.
496
00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:26,970
He is here,
497
00:38:27,680 --> 00:38:29,310
and he has given his reasons,
498
00:38:29,390 --> 00:38:32,640
and if the reasons aren't sufficient,
he's ready to die for them.
499
00:38:35,896 --> 00:38:38,396
But he will not bend to anyone.
500
00:38:40,234 --> 00:38:42,454
[in Japanese] If you'd been
a little later,
501
00:38:42,528 --> 00:38:44,448
your head would have been chopped off.
502
00:38:45,990 --> 00:38:47,910
-[Matsamune] I understand.
-[laughing]
503
00:38:49,952 --> 00:38:51,122
[laughs]
504
00:38:51,203 --> 00:38:53,543
[Segal] And so Hideyoshi spared his life.
505
00:38:57,460 --> 00:38:58,710
[exhales]
506
00:39:00,838 --> 00:39:02,508
[in Japanese] I like you.
507
00:39:04,216 --> 00:39:07,296
[Eason] Hideyoshi seems to have sensed
508
00:39:07,386 --> 00:39:11,846
that Masamune could be
a far greater asset for him in the future
509
00:39:11,932 --> 00:39:12,852
if left alive.
510
00:39:18,022 --> 00:39:19,272
[in Japanese] Thank you.
511
00:39:20,858 --> 00:39:22,188
Bring some sake.
512
00:39:22,276 --> 00:39:25,606
[laughing]
513
00:39:26,197 --> 00:39:28,987
[Auslin] Hideyoshi figured out a way
to neutralize Masamune,
514
00:39:29,075 --> 00:39:34,455
and he does it without the final,
all-consuming, apocalyptic bloodbath
515
00:39:34,538 --> 00:39:36,578
that many assumed would have to happen.
516
00:39:36,665 --> 00:39:39,495
He forces his enemies
to come to the table.
517
00:39:39,585 --> 00:39:43,005
He forces his enemies to agree
to this political equilibrium.
518
00:39:43,089 --> 00:39:44,299
In essence, what he does,
519
00:39:44,382 --> 00:39:47,262
is he forces the great daimyo
to agree it's time to stop.
520
00:39:47,343 --> 00:39:49,143
It's time to stop this civil war.
521
00:39:50,221 --> 00:39:54,101
[narrator] With Masamune brought to heel
and the Hōjō defeated,
522
00:39:54,183 --> 00:39:57,653
Hideyoshi has finally achieved
what Nobunaga could not.
523
00:39:59,563 --> 00:40:03,283
For the first time in over 120 years,
524
00:40:03,359 --> 00:40:05,739
all of Japan is ruled by one warlord.
525
00:40:08,114 --> 00:40:11,954
Through his daring use of violence,
politics and diplomacy,
526
00:40:12,034 --> 00:40:15,874
a man born a peasant has climbed
to the very peak of power.
527
00:40:20,292 --> 00:40:22,292
[birds chirping]
528
00:40:30,344 --> 00:40:36,434
Hideyoshi, by around 1590,
is confronting a kind of ironic problem,
529
00:40:36,517 --> 00:40:40,017
which is he has been so successful,
so swiftly,
530
00:40:40,104 --> 00:40:44,534
and he has this now
huge following of daimyo,
531
00:40:44,608 --> 00:40:48,028
and he no doubt
feels the need to keep them busy.
532
00:40:48,112 --> 00:40:50,112
[men battling]
533
00:40:52,491 --> 00:40:54,241
[Auslin] These men were conquerors.
534
00:40:55,786 --> 00:40:58,616
They had grown up in a society in which,
535
00:40:58,706 --> 00:41:00,536
if you didn't conquer, you died,
536
00:41:00,624 --> 00:41:03,504
and your family died,
and your lands were taken from you.
537
00:41:06,005 --> 00:41:07,255
[screams]
538
00:41:11,177 --> 00:41:14,427
Once there's no more land to conquer
in Japan, what do you do?
539
00:41:14,513 --> 00:41:16,643
That's really a conundrum for Hideyoshi,
540
00:41:16,724 --> 00:41:19,814
who has worked for decades now
to end the war.
541
00:41:19,894 --> 00:41:21,524
What do you do with the samurai?
542
00:41:21,604 --> 00:41:23,614
[dramatic music playing]
543
00:41:32,406 --> 00:41:33,906
[Spafford] And so he conceives
544
00:41:33,991 --> 00:41:38,041
of a fantastical and completely
megalomaniacal kind of proposition.
545
00:41:40,039 --> 00:41:43,169
[Auslin] For a warrior who had
never made a mistake in battle,
546
00:41:43,250 --> 00:41:46,460
he's about to commit
one of his greatest strategic blunders
547
00:41:46,545 --> 00:41:49,915
and bring on Japan one of the greatest
catastrophes in its history.
548
00:41:50,674 --> 00:41:52,094
[groans]
549
00:41:54,595 --> 00:41:56,595
[closing theme plays]