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Downloaded from
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(dynamic music)

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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- [Narrator] Of all the
mysteries in the world,

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nothing is more curious
than man himself.

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Where did we come from?

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Why are we here?

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And how long have
we been on Earth?

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We have examples of our
growth on planet Earth

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throughout time.

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But some of these
examples befuddle even us.

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When did we make these
technological artifacts?

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How were they made?

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And in some cases,
what was their purpose?

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In this program, we will
explore several of these

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unique artifacts,

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and explore the possible purpose
and manufacturing of each.

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Is it possible we had help?

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Are we the greatest
mystery of all time?

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(vibrant music)

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(engine starting)

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Let's begin with a mystery

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that has raised
eyebrows for decades,

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but today has been proven
to be a rather common item.

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The story of the Coso
artifact has been embellished

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over the years, but all
accounts have common elements.

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On February 13th
1961, Wallace Lane,

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Virginia Maxey and Mike Mikesell

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were seeking interesting
mineral specimens,

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particularly geodes, for their

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LM & V Rockhounds Gem and
Gift Shop in California.

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The trio were about six
miles northeast of Olancha,

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near the top of a peak about
4,300 feet in elevation

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and about 340 feet above
the dry bed of Owens Lake.

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At lunchtime, after collecting
rocks most of the morning,

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all three placed their specimens

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in the rock sack
Mikesell was carrying.

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The next day in the
gift shop's workroom,

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Mikesell ruined a nearly
new diamond saw blade

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while cutting what he
thought was a geode.

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Inside the nodule that was cut,

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Mikesell did not find a
cavity as so many geodes have,

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but a perfectly circular
section of very hard,

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white material that
appeared to be porcelain.

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In the center of the
porcelain cylinder,

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was a two millimeter
shaft of bright metal.

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The metal shaft
responded to a magnet.

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There were still other odd
quantities about the specimen.

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The outer layer of the
specimen was allegedly

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encrusted with fossil
shells and their fragments.

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In addition to shells,
there were reports

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of two metallic metal
objects in the crust,

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resembling a nail and a washer.

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Stranger still, the
inner layer was hexagonal

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and seemed to form
a casing around

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the hard porcelain cylinder.

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Within the inner layer,
a layer of decomposing

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copper allegedly surrounded
the porcelain cylinder.

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The group had an anomaly.

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Here was a possible geode,
over 500,000 years old

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with some soft of electronic
device buried within it.

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The object looked
like a spark plug

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and no one could figure out
how it came to be encased

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in a geode from
thousands of years ago.

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A spark plug encased in
500,000 year old geode

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would represent a
substantial scientific

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and historical
anomaly as spark plugs

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were invented in
the 19th century.

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Critics say that the stone
matrix containing the artifact

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is not a geode but
concretion that can

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be explained by natural
processes that can take place

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over a decade or two.

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Had the group really found
a piece of technology

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encased in a prehistoric
stone from ages ago?

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In 2018 an investigation
by Pierre Stromberg

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and Paul Heinrich with
the help of members of the

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Spark Plug Collectors of America

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identified the artifact as a
1920's era Champion spark plug.

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Widely used in the Ford
Model T and Model A engines.

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SPCA President Chad Windham
and other collectors

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concurred with his assessment.

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Stromberg and Heinrich's
report indicates that the

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spark plug became encased
in a concretion composed

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of iron derived from
the rusting spark plug.

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Iron and steel
artifacts rapidly form

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iron oxide concretions as
they rust in the ground.

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On April 12th 2018, Pierre
Stromberg was contacted

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by the family of one of the
co-discoverers of the artifact.

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He was offered an opportunity
to physically inspect

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the artifact and he accepted.

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And also arranged for
the artifact to be

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inspected by a geologist from
the University of Washington

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Earth and Space
Science Department.

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The inspections confirmed
the previous conclusion.

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That the artifact was a
1920's-era Champion spark plug.

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The Coso artifact is a
good example of not jumping

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to conclusions when
analyzing ancient artifacts.

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There could be a simple
and reasonable explanation.

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However some artifacts
are not simple to explain,

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and seemingly, have no
reasonable explanations.

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(eerie music)

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The Schist disc is one of those

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unusual artifacts that
defies explanation.

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It's been thought to be anything
from an elaborate candle

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or incense holder to
an impeller from some

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technological device.

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In January 1936, a
strange disc was unearthed

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at the plateau edge
of North Saqqara,

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approximately 1.7 km north

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of Djoser's Step
Pyramid in Egypt.

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The discovery of the mysterious
prehistoric artifact,

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that many considered
as a device,

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was made in the
Tomb of Prince Sabu

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around 3100 BC by a famous,
British Egyptologist

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Walter Bryan Emery.

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Sabu was the son of a high
official or administrator

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of a town or province
probably called

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"Star of the family of Horus."

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The unearthed device
named the Schist disc,

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is approximately 24 inches
by 4.2 inches in the center.

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It was manufactured
by unknown means

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from very fragile
and delicate material

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requiring very tedious carving.

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The production of which would
confound any craftsmen today.

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Now many important
questions arise.

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Scientists do not think
the object is a wheel,

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because the wheel appeared
in Egypt at 1500 BC,

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during the 18th Dynasty.

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If the Schist disc
is in fact a wheel

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it would mean ancient
Egyptians possessed knowledge

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of the wheel about 3000 BC

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during the time of
the first dynasty.

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This would require Egyptologists

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to re-write some history books.

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If the Schist disc
is not a wheel,

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nor modeled after the
wheel, what is it?

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Some scientists suggest
that the fragile nature

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of such an intricately
carved stone object

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greatly limits it's
practical usage

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and suggests a purely
ornamental function,

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being of a religious or some
other ritualistic purpose.

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Of course, some
believe this disc

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served another
purpose, as a lamp.

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However, critics
of the theory argue

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that the three-blade ceremonial
lamp is hardly possible,

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because of the shape and
curvature of its petals,

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which seems to suggest a
function, not just decoration.

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Egyptologist Cyril Aldred
reached the conclusion that,

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independently of what
the object was used for

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or what it represented, its
design was without a doubt,

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a copy of a previous, more
older metallic object.

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Why did the ancient Egyptians
bother to design an object

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with such a complex structure
more than 5,000 years ago?

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How could a culture who
typically used chisels

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to shape rock have
mastered a technique

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to work such a delicate material

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into this extraordinary level?

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Obviously the Schist
disc is an object

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that played an important
role 5,000 years ago.

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Egyptologists offer
a number of theories

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trying to explain what
the disc was used for,

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but for the moment
no-one has been able

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to explain the object's
complex structure.

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The Schist disc's
futuristic design

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continues to baffle all
those who have seen it.

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There is no doubt
this particular object

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continues to constitute
one of the most perplexing

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Egyptian and ancient mysteries

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and we are left with several
unanswered questions.

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You can examine the
Schist disc yourself,

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as it is currently
in the Cairo Museum.

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(dynamic music)

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In 1944, as a ten-year
old boy, Newton Anderson

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was fueling the coal furnace
in his parent's home.

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He dropped a lump of coal
onto the basement floor

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and it broke in half, revealing

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that it contained a bell inside.

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The coal that was
mined near his house

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in Upshur County, West Virginia,

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is about 300 million years old.

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What is a brass bell
with an iron clapper

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doing in coal ascribed to
the Carboniferous Period?

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According to Norm
Sharbaugh's book Ammunition,

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which includes several
coal anecdotes,

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the bell is an
Antediluvian artifact

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made before the Genesis Flood.

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The Institute of
Creation Research

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had the bell
submitted to the lab

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at the University of Oklahoma.

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There, a nuclear
activation analysis

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revealed that the bell contains
an unusual mix of metals,

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different from any known
modern alloy production

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including copper, zinc, tin,
arsenic, iodine, and selenium.

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There is a wined statue
at the top of the bell,

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which does not resemble any
known cultural depiction.

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The closest depictions
with similarities

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would be the Babylonian Southwest
Wind Demon called Pazuzu.

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There is a headpiece
missing on the bell,

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which may have indicated
the bell statue was taller.

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This is not the only
artifact found in coal,

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millions of years old.

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An iron pot was found
in coal in Oklahoma.

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In an notarized statement,
Frank Kennard said in 1948,

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he was working in the
municipal electric plant

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in Thomas, Oklahoma in 1912.

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He came upon a
solid chunk of coal

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which was too large to use.

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He broke it up with
a sledgehammer.

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The iron pot fell from the
center, leaving the impression

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or mold of the pot in
a piece of the coal.

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00:12:27,379 --> 00:12:29,614
Jim Stull, an employee
of the company,

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witnessed the
breaking of the coal

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00:12:30,916 --> 00:12:33,952
and saw the pot fall out.

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He traced the source of the coal

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00:12:35,821 --> 00:12:39,190
and found that it came from
Wilburton, Oklahoma mines.

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00:12:41,060 --> 00:12:43,962
A handful of other such
artifact in coal accounts

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00:12:44,063 --> 00:12:46,831
have been recorded
by Ivan T Sanderson.

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00:12:46,932 --> 00:12:50,701
Including an intricate
gold chain found in coal.

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00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:52,637
The Morrisonville,
Illinois Times,

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00:12:52,738 --> 00:12:55,974
on June 11, 1891,
published a report

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00:12:56,075 --> 00:12:59,644
that Mrs. S. W. Culp
found a circular shaped,

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00:12:59,745 --> 00:13:02,914
eight-carat gold chain,
about 10 inches long,

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00:13:03,015 --> 00:13:04,916
embedded in a lump of coal

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00:13:04,984 --> 00:13:08,419
after she broke it apart
to put it in her scuttle.

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00:13:09,622 --> 00:13:11,923
The chain was
described as antique

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00:13:12,024 --> 00:13:14,526
and of quaint workmanship.

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00:13:14,627 --> 00:13:16,528
The story said only
part of the chain

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00:13:16,629 --> 00:13:19,263
was revealed when she
first broke open the coal,

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00:13:19,331 --> 00:13:20,865
and that the rest of the chain

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00:13:20,966 --> 00:13:23,401
remained buried within the coal.

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00:13:23,502 --> 00:13:26,804
The coal came from one of
the southern Illinois mines.

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00:13:26,906 --> 00:13:30,708
Unfortunately the artifact
has since disappeared.

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00:13:32,444 --> 00:13:35,613
Objects that are millions
of years old can only mean

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00:13:35,681 --> 00:13:40,718
there was a civilization
predating our modern culture.

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00:13:41,554 --> 00:13:44,021
Who made these items eons ago?

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00:13:44,089 --> 00:13:47,759
This question will
probably never be answered.

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(dynamic music)

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00:14:05,077 --> 00:14:08,646
Suppose you came across
a Roman dodecahedron.

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00:14:08,747 --> 00:14:09,981
Would you know what it is?

240
00:14:10,049 --> 00:14:12,183
Or what it was used for?

241
00:14:12,251 --> 00:14:14,986
This artifact is a
small, hollow object

242
00:14:15,087 --> 00:14:19,257
made of bronze or stone
with a dodecahedron shape.

243
00:14:19,358 --> 00:14:21,793
Twelve flat pentagonal faces,

244
00:14:21,894 --> 00:14:23,595
each face having a circular hole

245
00:14:23,696 --> 00:14:26,731
of varying diameter
in the middle.

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00:14:26,832 --> 00:14:29,934
The holes connected to
the hollowed center.

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00:14:30,035 --> 00:14:34,539
Roman dodecahedra date from
the 2nd or 3rd centuries AD.

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00:14:35,908 --> 00:14:37,875
About a hundred of these
objects have been found

249
00:14:37,943 --> 00:14:42,146
from Wales to Hungary and
Spain, and to the east of Italy.

250
00:14:42,214 --> 00:14:44,949
And most found in
Germany and France.

251
00:14:45,050 --> 00:14:47,818
Ranging from 4 to 11
centimeters in size,

252
00:14:47,887 --> 00:14:51,155
they also vary in
terms of textures.

253
00:14:51,223 --> 00:14:54,359
Most are made of bronze
but some are made of stone.

254
00:14:55,895 --> 00:14:58,763
No mention of them has been
found in contemporary accounts

255
00:14:58,831 --> 00:15:00,865
or pictures of the time.

256
00:15:02,134 --> 00:15:05,236
Speculated uses
include a candlestick

257
00:15:05,304 --> 00:15:09,173
'cause wax has been found
inside two examples,

258
00:15:09,241 --> 00:15:13,311
dice, survey instruments
for estimating distances to

259
00:15:13,445 --> 00:15:16,180
or distances of objects,

260
00:15:16,248 --> 00:15:18,249
devices for
determining the optimal

261
00:15:18,350 --> 00:15:21,252
sow date for winter grain,

262
00:15:21,353 --> 00:15:25,423
gauges to calibrate water
pipes or army standard bases.

263
00:15:29,561 --> 00:15:32,931
Use as a measuring instrument
of any kind seems improbable,

264
00:15:33,032 --> 00:15:34,999
since the artifacts
are not standardized

265
00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:39,203
and come in many sizes and
arrangements of their openings.

266
00:15:39,305 --> 00:15:41,072
It has also been suggested
that they may have

267
00:15:41,140 --> 00:15:45,810
been religious artifacts or
even fortune-telling devices.

268
00:15:45,911 --> 00:15:47,878
This latter speculation
is based on the fact

269
00:15:47,947 --> 00:15:50,014
that most of the
examples have been found

270
00:15:50,082 --> 00:15:52,517
in Gallo-Roman sites.

271
00:15:55,554 --> 00:15:58,889
Several dodecahedra were
found in coin hoards,

272
00:15:58,958 --> 00:16:01,025
providing evidence
that the owners

273
00:16:01,093 --> 00:16:03,294
considered them
valuable objects.

274
00:16:04,496 --> 00:16:06,964
Smaller dodecahedra
with the same features,

275
00:16:07,032 --> 00:16:09,567
holes and knobs,
and made from gold

276
00:16:09,635 --> 00:16:11,569
have been found in
South-East Asia.

277
00:16:13,138 --> 00:16:15,106
Speculation among
historians has resulted

278
00:16:15,207 --> 00:16:18,242
in many different hypothesis.

279
00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:22,246
Which is as close as we may
get to an accurate answer.

280
00:16:22,314 --> 00:16:24,582
Few archeologists will
even comment on it

281
00:16:24,683 --> 00:16:27,051
because these objects
aren't defined

282
00:16:27,186 --> 00:16:29,987
to a specific cultural
area and therefore,

283
00:16:30,055 --> 00:16:32,924
not their area of expertise.

284
00:16:33,025 --> 00:16:34,792
Even the theories
that do exist are

285
00:16:34,893 --> 00:16:37,662
highly debated among historians.

286
00:16:37,763 --> 00:16:40,665
Can you figure out
what this artifact is?

287
00:16:40,766 --> 00:16:42,066
Or it's purpose?

288
00:16:42,134 --> 00:16:45,336
If you can, then you may
solve one of the most

289
00:16:45,404 --> 00:16:48,339
perplexing mysteries
of our time.

290
00:16:52,044 --> 00:16:54,779
(soothing music)

291
00:17:04,089 --> 00:17:07,158
Tiny objects are one
thing to ponder over.

292
00:17:07,226 --> 00:17:10,828
But what do you do when
confronted with huge puzzle pieces

293
00:17:10,896 --> 00:17:14,098
that fit together so
perfectly you cannot

294
00:17:14,166 --> 00:17:16,701
get a sheet of rice
paper between them?

295
00:17:18,270 --> 00:17:20,705
Throughout the world, there
are large bolder-like stones

296
00:17:20,806 --> 00:17:24,976
fitted together so perfectly
no one has any idea

297
00:17:25,077 --> 00:17:28,079
how they were quarried
and placed together.

298
00:17:30,049 --> 00:17:32,984
People are very
creative and artistic.

299
00:17:33,085 --> 00:17:36,387
But to quarry a
stone over 500 tons,

300
00:17:36,455 --> 00:17:40,991
move it, and put it into
place where it fits perfectly

301
00:17:41,060 --> 00:17:45,196
behooves even the most
intelligent architect of today.

302
00:17:45,264 --> 00:17:47,865
Yet these walls exist
all over the world,

303
00:17:47,933 --> 00:17:52,336
and no one knows how they
were made or placed together.

304
00:17:52,438 --> 00:17:57,007
For example, consider the
walls in Peru, Baalbek

305
00:17:57,076 --> 00:17:59,743
and other ancient
sites around the globe.

306
00:17:59,812 --> 00:18:03,747
Theories range from ancient
giants that placed the stones,

307
00:18:03,816 --> 00:18:06,951
to aliens with anti-gravity.

308
00:18:07,019 --> 00:18:11,222
Magical talents some men
had, to simple levers.

309
00:18:11,323 --> 00:18:14,225
Some believe the only way
to get this precision,

310
00:18:14,326 --> 00:18:18,162
would be to melt the
stones into place.

311
00:18:19,364 --> 00:18:21,699
Today's builders and
stonemasons would have

312
00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:24,569
a hard time duplicating
these artifacts.

313
00:18:24,670 --> 00:18:27,972
Even with modern
tools and technology.

314
00:18:28,073 --> 00:18:31,042
Some say it simply
cannot be done.

315
00:18:31,143 --> 00:18:33,544
Who built these walls and how?

316
00:18:53,198 --> 00:18:56,100
(vibrant music)

317
00:19:05,944 --> 00:19:09,213
The Antikythera Mechanism
is generally referred to

318
00:19:09,281 --> 00:19:13,551
as the first known
analog computer.

319
00:19:13,619 --> 00:19:15,820
The quality and complexity
of the mechanism's

320
00:19:15,921 --> 00:19:20,291
manufacture suggests that it
has undiscovered predecessors

321
00:19:20,392 --> 00:19:23,961
made during the
Hellenistic period.

322
00:19:24,029 --> 00:19:27,965
It's construction relies
on theories of astronomy

323
00:19:28,033 --> 00:19:31,102
and mathematics developed
by Greek astronomers

324
00:19:31,203 --> 00:19:33,504
during the 2nd century BC,

325
00:19:33,572 --> 00:19:35,907
and it's estimated
to have been built

326
00:19:36,008 --> 00:19:41,012
in the late 2nd century BC
or the early 1st century BC.

327
00:19:42,181 --> 00:19:44,448
It is the world's
first-known computer.

328
00:19:48,187 --> 00:19:50,721
A computer from the 2nd century?

329
00:19:50,822 --> 00:19:51,989
Perhaps.

330
00:19:52,090 --> 00:19:55,126
But some believe it
may be much older.

331
00:19:55,227 --> 00:19:58,128
It was found in a
shipwreck in 1900,

332
00:19:58,197 --> 00:20:00,197
along with statues and pottery.

333
00:20:00,265 --> 00:20:02,533
But no one knows if
it is an older item

334
00:20:02,601 --> 00:20:06,136
that was along with
the Greek pottery.

335
00:20:06,205 --> 00:20:10,074
Or if it may be much older
and was being transported

336
00:20:10,142 --> 00:20:11,876
with current items of the time.

337
00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:18,282
Scientists believe it was
used to plot the movement

338
00:20:18,383 --> 00:20:20,284
of the sun, moon and stars.

339
00:20:20,385 --> 00:20:23,354
Thus it was a clock of sorts
that could accurately predict

340
00:20:23,422 --> 00:20:27,491
upcoming astrological
events and tell time.

341
00:20:27,559 --> 00:20:30,361
Some pieces of the clock
have never been found

342
00:20:30,429 --> 00:20:32,229
and it's possible there
are more components

343
00:20:32,297 --> 00:20:36,167
of it buried in the
shipwreck and lost forever.

344
00:20:36,268 --> 00:20:38,236
The scientists who
have reconstructed the

345
00:20:38,337 --> 00:20:41,305
Antikythera Mechanism
also agree that it was

346
00:20:41,373 --> 00:20:45,776
too sophisticated to have
been a unique device.

347
00:20:45,844 --> 00:20:47,945
That there must be others.

348
00:20:51,183 --> 00:20:53,184
Of special delight
to physicists,

349
00:20:53,285 --> 00:20:58,322
the moon mechanism uses a
special train of bronze gears,

350
00:20:58,423 --> 00:21:01,058
two of them linked with
a slightly offset axis,

351
00:21:01,126 --> 00:21:04,729
to indicate the position
and phase of the moon.

352
00:21:04,830 --> 00:21:08,332
As is known today from Kepler's
Law of Planetary Motion,

353
00:21:08,433 --> 00:21:12,803
the moon travels at different
speeds as it orbits the Earth,

354
00:21:12,871 --> 00:21:15,539
and this speed
differential is modeled

355
00:21:15,641 --> 00:21:18,342
by the Antikythera Mechanism,

356
00:21:18,410 --> 00:21:20,878
even though the ancient
Greeks were not aware

357
00:21:20,946 --> 00:21:24,715
of the actual elliptical shape
of the orbit of the moon.

358
00:21:26,818 --> 00:21:30,154
If ancient computers
existed 500 BC,

359
00:21:30,289 --> 00:21:32,556
could other advanced
technologies have existed

360
00:21:32,658 --> 00:21:35,359
in the ancient past?

361
00:21:35,427 --> 00:21:40,431
What if a modern jet plane were
found in an ancient pyramid?

362
00:21:41,566 --> 00:21:44,969
It would of course
be a major discovery.

363
00:21:45,070 --> 00:21:48,005
And it may have
already happened.

364
00:21:51,910 --> 00:21:54,478
(dynamic music)

365
00:22:01,553 --> 00:22:03,287
Is this a helicopter?

366
00:22:04,489 --> 00:22:06,590
Is this a spaceship?

367
00:22:06,658 --> 00:22:09,026
A submarine or modern boat?

368
00:22:11,196 --> 00:22:14,332
The 3,000 year-old
hieroglyphs found

369
00:22:14,433 --> 00:22:17,068
in Seti I's temple
in Abydos, Egypt,

370
00:22:17,169 --> 00:22:20,638
are said to depict nothing
less than a helicopter,

371
00:22:26,144 --> 00:22:26,944
plane,

372
00:22:30,816 --> 00:22:34,418
and futuristic aircraft
among the usual insects,

373
00:22:34,519 --> 00:22:36,954
symbols and snakes.

374
00:22:37,055 --> 00:22:38,756
The writings have become known

375
00:22:38,824 --> 00:22:41,225
as the Helicopter Hieroglyphics

376
00:22:41,293 --> 00:22:44,228
among pseudoscience
and conspiracy circles.

377
00:22:44,296 --> 00:22:46,096
With many supporters
of the theory saying,

378
00:22:46,164 --> 00:22:48,966
that if the ancient
civilization was putting

379
00:22:49,034 --> 00:22:52,436
helicopters and modern
spacecraft in their artwork,

380
00:22:52,504 --> 00:22:57,074
then they must have seen them,
or at least pictures of them.

381
00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:00,911
And for that to have happened,

382
00:23:01,012 --> 00:23:05,149
someone from the future
must have taken them back.

383
00:23:06,451 --> 00:23:09,453
Some have even taken the
theory a step further,

384
00:23:09,554 --> 00:23:12,022
introducing aliens
to the equation.

385
00:23:13,558 --> 00:23:16,260
The question remains, why
would ancient Egyptians

386
00:23:16,361 --> 00:23:21,365
depict a modern helicopter
above a doorway in a tomb?

387
00:23:22,401 --> 00:23:24,334
If it's not a helicopter
then what is it?

388
00:23:24,403 --> 00:23:27,337
Why is it there alongside
of what appears to be

389
00:23:27,406 --> 00:23:29,473
a modern boat or submarine

390
00:23:29,541 --> 00:23:33,344
and a science-fiction
style spaceship?

391
00:23:33,445 --> 00:23:37,014
What did the Egyptians
know 3,000 years ago?

392
00:23:37,115 --> 00:23:39,483
And if they knew
about helicopters,

393
00:23:39,584 --> 00:23:42,286
what else could be hiding
in undiscovered tombs

394
00:23:42,387 --> 00:23:44,388
across the African continent?

395
00:23:54,566 --> 00:23:57,401
(dynamic music)

396
00:24:00,205 --> 00:24:02,439
Dropa stones are said by some

397
00:24:02,507 --> 00:24:05,109
ufologists and
pseudoarchaeologists

398
00:24:05,210 --> 00:24:09,913
to be a series of at least
716 circular stone discs,

399
00:24:09,981 --> 00:24:13,984
dating back 12,000 years.

400
00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:18,589
On which tiny hieroglyph-like
markings may be found.

401
00:24:18,690 --> 00:24:21,992
Each disc is claimed to measure
up to 1 foot in diameter

402
00:24:22,093 --> 00:24:25,395
and carry two grooves,
originating from a hole

403
00:24:25,464 --> 00:24:29,033
in their center, in the
form of a double spiral.

404
00:24:30,535 --> 00:24:32,469
The hieroglyphic-like
markings are said

405
00:24:32,537 --> 00:24:34,438
to be found in these grooves.

406
00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:37,541
No record has been
found of the stones

407
00:24:37,609 --> 00:24:40,544
being displayed in any
of the world's museums,

408
00:24:40,645 --> 00:24:43,447
and their current
whereabouts are unknown.

409
00:24:45,283 --> 00:24:49,753
In 1962 a Chinese
researcher, Tsum Um Nui,

410
00:24:49,821 --> 00:24:52,756
was reported to have concluded
that the grooves on the discs

411
00:24:52,858 --> 00:24:56,360
were actually very
tiny hieroglyphs.

412
00:24:56,461 --> 00:24:59,363
None of which were of a pattern
that had been seen before,

413
00:24:59,431 --> 00:25:01,298
and which can only
be seen with the use

414
00:25:01,366 --> 00:25:03,500
of a magnifying glass.

415
00:25:03,568 --> 00:25:05,102
He announced that he
had deciphered them

416
00:25:05,203 --> 00:25:08,172
into a story that
told of a spacecraft

417
00:25:08,273 --> 00:25:11,242
that crash landed in
the area of the cave,

418
00:25:11,343 --> 00:25:13,511
the Bayan Har Mountains.

419
00:25:13,612 --> 00:25:16,313
And that the ship
contained the Dropa people

420
00:25:16,414 --> 00:25:21,452
who could not fit in and
therefore had to adapt to Earth.

421
00:25:22,621 --> 00:25:24,855
Further, his research
claims that the Dropa people

422
00:25:24,923 --> 00:25:28,125
were hunted down and killed
by the local Han Chinese

423
00:25:28,226 --> 00:25:29,593
for a period.

424
00:25:29,694 --> 00:25:33,531
Tsum Um Nui noted
specifically that one glyph

425
00:25:33,632 --> 00:25:34,865
apparently said,

426
00:25:34,933 --> 00:25:37,935
"The Dropa came down from
the clouds in their aircraft."

427
00:25:38,036 --> 00:25:40,804
Our men, women and
children hid in the caves

428
00:25:40,872 --> 00:25:43,941
ten times before sunrise.

429
00:25:44,042 --> 00:25:46,343
When at last we understood
the sign language

430
00:25:46,411 --> 00:25:49,279
of the Dropas, we realized
that the newcomers

431
00:25:49,347 --> 00:25:52,283
"had peaceful intentions."

432
00:25:52,417 --> 00:25:54,484
Tsum Um Nui is said
to have published

433
00:25:54,553 --> 00:25:58,489
his findings in 1962 in
a professional journal,

434
00:25:58,590 --> 00:26:02,626
and was subsequently ridiculed
and met with disbelief.

435
00:26:02,694 --> 00:26:06,163
Shortly afterwards he's
said to have gone to Japan

436
00:26:06,231 --> 00:26:07,898
in a self-imposed exile,

437
00:26:07,966 --> 00:26:11,035
where he died not long
after he completed

438
00:26:11,136 --> 00:26:13,637
the manuscript of his work.

439
00:26:13,738 --> 00:26:17,441
The stones themselves
seemed to have disappeared.

440
00:26:17,542 --> 00:26:19,710
The stone discs were
supposedly stored in

441
00:26:19,778 --> 00:26:22,513
various museums across China.

442
00:26:22,614 --> 00:26:24,782
However none of these
museums have any records

443
00:26:24,883 --> 00:26:29,386
or traces of Dropa
stones ever being there.

444
00:26:29,454 --> 00:26:31,188
They obviously
existed because there

445
00:26:31,256 --> 00:26:33,457
are photographs of them.

446
00:26:33,558 --> 00:26:35,392
What are these stone discs?

447
00:26:35,493 --> 00:26:37,528
And where did they come from?

448
00:26:37,629 --> 00:26:39,530
Is the story they tell true?

449
00:26:39,631 --> 00:26:44,267
And if so, is there any
proof other than the stones?

450
00:26:44,336 --> 00:26:47,805
The mysterious discovery
was allegedly made in 1930

451
00:26:47,906 --> 00:26:51,074
when Chi Pu Tei, an
archeology professor

452
00:26:51,142 --> 00:26:54,144
at Peking University
and his students

453
00:26:54,245 --> 00:26:56,947
were on an expedition to
explore a series of caves

454
00:26:57,015 --> 00:27:00,351
in the inaccessible
mountains near Tibet.

455
00:27:00,452 --> 00:27:02,686
Which were supposedly
carved artificially

456
00:27:02,754 --> 00:27:06,623
in a system of underground
tunnels and pantries.

457
00:27:06,691 --> 00:27:08,225
Now according to these events,

458
00:27:08,293 --> 00:27:11,294
it's said that professor
Chi Pu Tei and his students

459
00:27:11,363 --> 00:27:15,132
found tombs with skeletons
of four to six feet

460
00:27:15,233 --> 00:27:17,567
in height buried inside them.

461
00:27:17,636 --> 00:27:20,571
The skeletons had abnormally
large heads and small,

462
00:27:20,672 --> 00:27:23,306
thin and fragile bodies.

463
00:27:23,375 --> 00:27:25,376
In addition to the
skeletal remains,

464
00:27:25,477 --> 00:27:28,712
professor Chi Pu
Tei and his students

465
00:27:28,813 --> 00:27:31,015
discovered countless
other items.

466
00:27:33,752 --> 00:27:35,919
After their studies
on the Dropa stones,

467
00:27:35,987 --> 00:27:38,989
researchers turned their
attention to the people in the area

468
00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:43,060
themselves, what
happened to the Dropa?

469
00:27:43,161 --> 00:27:45,329
The cave area where
the stones were located

470
00:27:45,430 --> 00:27:48,732
still had two tribes
living in the vicinity,

471
00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:51,401
the Dropas and the Khams.

472
00:27:51,469 --> 00:27:54,471
Archeologists were
called in to determine

473
00:27:54,539 --> 00:27:57,741
where the two tribes
originated from

474
00:27:57,842 --> 00:28:01,878
but were unable to relate
either tribe to a known race.

475
00:28:01,946 --> 00:28:04,014
They also noticed that
the people in these tribes

476
00:28:04,082 --> 00:28:06,283
had a very short average height

477
00:28:06,351 --> 00:28:10,754
and abnormally large
heads and eye sockets.

478
00:28:10,822 --> 00:28:13,290
They were extremely
thin characters

479
00:28:13,358 --> 00:28:18,362
with a very obvious yellow
tinge to their skin color.

480
00:28:19,898 --> 00:28:22,966
Could these be the direct
ancestors to the Dropa?

481
00:28:33,011 --> 00:28:35,846
(dynamic music)

482
00:28:43,788 --> 00:28:46,256
Have you ever seen
a Waffle Rock?

483
00:28:46,357 --> 00:28:49,593
There is one in Virginia
and it's on display.

484
00:28:49,694 --> 00:28:52,863
Waffle Rock in America
is a real geology puzzle

485
00:28:52,931 --> 00:28:57,267
because of the amazing
patterns formed on its surface.

486
00:28:57,335 --> 00:29:01,872
Called Waffle Rock because it
looks like a waffle iron grid.

487
00:29:01,973 --> 00:29:04,407
The question is,
how was it made?

488
00:29:04,476 --> 00:29:07,344
Is it natural or the
imprint of some advanced

489
00:29:07,445 --> 00:29:10,747
technological device
that has long ago eroded

490
00:29:10,815 --> 00:29:14,751
and left it's emboss
on this natural rock?

491
00:29:14,819 --> 00:29:16,953
The Army Corps of
Engineers and geologists

492
00:29:17,021 --> 00:29:19,022
say it's a natural formation.

493
00:29:19,090 --> 00:29:20,891
Period, end of story.

494
00:29:20,959 --> 00:29:22,226
Nothing to see here.

495
00:29:22,327 --> 00:29:25,896
However, the scientific
explanations don't account

496
00:29:25,964 --> 00:29:29,166
for all the features
present in the rock.

497
00:29:29,267 --> 00:29:31,902
Aside from the unusual
ancient alien talk,

498
00:29:32,003 --> 00:29:34,238
many believe that the
pattern is actually

499
00:29:34,339 --> 00:29:38,441
an early form of hieroglyphic
or primitive writing,

500
00:29:38,510 --> 00:29:41,912
and that the rock is the
result of Neolithic art

501
00:29:41,980 --> 00:29:44,714
by pre-Columbian peoples.

502
00:29:44,783 --> 00:29:48,452
The rock on display at
the West Virginia Outlook

503
00:29:48,553 --> 00:29:51,722
on Jennings Randolph
Lake is but a small piece

504
00:29:51,823 --> 00:29:54,391
of the original rock.

505
00:29:54,459 --> 00:29:57,928
It was moved there to save
the geologically significant

506
00:29:57,996 --> 00:30:01,398
piece of history
from a dam project.

507
00:30:01,466 --> 00:30:03,333
Likely in in no small
part, because of pressure

508
00:30:03,401 --> 00:30:06,737
exerted by the original
residents of Shaw,

509
00:30:06,838 --> 00:30:09,740
a town removed for the dam.

510
00:30:09,841 --> 00:30:12,209
Photographs of the
whole rock show clearly,

511
00:30:12,310 --> 00:30:14,878
the pattern or the
structure of the pattern

512
00:30:14,979 --> 00:30:17,614
does not run all the
way through the rock,

513
00:30:17,682 --> 00:30:21,751
but rather can only
been seen on one side.

514
00:30:21,820 --> 00:30:26,824
Most agree the rock is at
least 250 million years old.

515
00:30:27,959 --> 00:30:29,626
It's either a perfectly
natural formation

516
00:30:29,694 --> 00:30:32,762
or the work of an old
ancient civilization,

517
00:30:32,831 --> 00:30:36,900
or maybe even aliens.

518
00:30:48,012 --> 00:30:50,614
(eerie music)

519
00:31:02,594 --> 00:31:06,129
Today, you can find
just about any place

520
00:31:06,197 --> 00:31:07,865
with a quick Google search.

521
00:31:07,966 --> 00:31:11,201
But in times past, to
get from here to there

522
00:31:11,269 --> 00:31:14,271
you needed a map.

523
00:31:14,372 --> 00:31:16,806
Maps have been used to
chart every point known

524
00:31:16,875 --> 00:31:18,875
around the globe.

525
00:31:18,943 --> 00:31:21,478
The more accurate,
the better the map.

526
00:31:21,579 --> 00:31:23,814
And when trusting
your life to the sea,

527
00:31:23,915 --> 00:31:27,484
you wanted the best
map you could get.

528
00:31:27,585 --> 00:31:31,221
So when you went there, you
didn't end up somewhere else.

529
00:31:31,289 --> 00:31:35,692
In 1513, a trip to the new
world was all the rage,

530
00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:37,827
and accurate maps were
needed to get to this

531
00:31:37,896 --> 00:31:40,764
newly founded land.

532
00:31:40,865 --> 00:31:43,834
Enter Piri Reis, a cartographer.

533
00:31:43,935 --> 00:31:46,236
Piri Reis served in
the Turkish Navy,

534
00:31:46,337 --> 00:31:48,839
for which he held
the rank of Admiral.

535
00:31:48,940 --> 00:31:52,642
He used 20 different maps and
charts as his source documents

536
00:31:52,710 --> 00:31:57,681
to create what today is
called the Piri Reis map.

537
00:31:58,917 --> 00:32:00,450
Eight of them were
Ptolemaic maps,

538
00:32:00,551 --> 00:32:01,985
maps of the known
world according to the

539
00:32:02,086 --> 00:32:06,056
2nd century Hellenistic
or Greek society.

540
00:32:06,124 --> 00:32:08,191
Four were Portuguese maps.

541
00:32:08,259 --> 00:32:11,261
One was an Arabic map
and one was drawn by

542
00:32:11,362 --> 00:32:13,997
Christopher Columbus himself.

543
00:32:14,098 --> 00:32:17,401
It was considered a
very accurate map.

544
00:32:18,569 --> 00:32:21,137
But here is where
the map gets weird.

545
00:32:21,205 --> 00:32:23,673
Along with depicting
Africa, South America

546
00:32:23,741 --> 00:32:26,209
and various islands accurately,

547
00:32:26,277 --> 00:32:31,147
it appears to show
Antarctica with no ice caps.

548
00:32:31,215 --> 00:32:36,219
Antarctica as it would have
looked over 6,000 years ago.

549
00:32:37,755 --> 00:32:41,891
Antarctica has been covered
with ice for over 6,000 years

550
00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:43,827
and no one has sailed
around the planet

551
00:32:43,895 --> 00:32:46,029
before it froze over.

552
00:32:46,097 --> 00:32:48,966
So how could a map
referenced from older maps,

553
00:32:49,067 --> 00:32:52,536
have depicted the
continent so accurately?

554
00:32:54,739 --> 00:32:57,841
Modern satellite mapping which
can peer through the ice,

555
00:32:57,942 --> 00:33:00,977
confirms the map is accurate.

556
00:33:01,045 --> 00:33:03,847
It correctly shows the
outline of Antarctica

557
00:33:03,948 --> 00:33:06,383
as it is under the ice.

558
00:33:06,484 --> 00:33:08,118
Peri had referenced a map that

559
00:33:08,186 --> 00:33:11,855
displayed Antarctica correctly.

560
00:33:11,956 --> 00:33:14,124
So where did that map come from?

561
00:33:15,693 --> 00:33:18,795
Who would have known
in 1513 that Antarctica

562
00:33:18,863 --> 00:33:23,867
is a continent and not just
a huge landscape of ice?

563
00:33:25,036 --> 00:33:27,470
Who could have mapped
it over 6,000 years ago

564
00:33:27,538 --> 00:33:31,575
when no one could see it
and tell it was a continent?

565
00:33:32,377 --> 00:33:33,676
No one knows.

566
00:33:33,745 --> 00:33:35,311
It's a huge mystery.

567
00:33:35,346 --> 00:33:39,082
And now you have a new
map to ponder over.

568
00:33:46,024 --> 00:33:48,492
(spooky music)

569
00:34:00,071 --> 00:34:03,040
If you take a tube of
copper, a rod of iron,

570
00:34:03,141 --> 00:34:05,042
and put them in a clay
pot filled with juice

571
00:34:05,143 --> 00:34:09,312
or some acidic liquid,
do you know what you get?

572
00:34:09,380 --> 00:34:11,181
A battery that's what.

573
00:34:11,249 --> 00:34:13,983
Kind of like the potato
clock novelty science toys

574
00:34:14,052 --> 00:34:19,056
you can buy, the clay pot
battery will actually work.

575
00:34:20,158 --> 00:34:22,059
Man has known about electricity
since old Ben Franklin

576
00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:25,662
flew a kite in a storm,
or so we are told.

577
00:34:25,730 --> 00:34:29,032
What if batteries were
around centuries ago?

578
00:34:29,100 --> 00:34:31,201
Well apparently they were.

579
00:34:31,269 --> 00:34:32,569
Or so it seems.

580
00:34:33,771 --> 00:34:36,073
The Baghdad Battery is
a set of three artifacts

581
00:34:36,174 --> 00:34:38,208
which were found together.

582
00:34:38,276 --> 00:34:42,946
A ceramic pot, a tube of
copper, and a rod of iron.

583
00:34:43,014 --> 00:34:45,148
It was discovered
in modern Iraq,

584
00:34:45,216 --> 00:34:47,617
close to the capital
of the Parthian empire

585
00:34:47,718 --> 00:34:51,020
from around 250 BC
and it is considered

586
00:34:51,089 --> 00:34:54,157
to date from that period.

587
00:34:54,225 --> 00:34:56,493
Its origin and
purpose remain unclear

588
00:34:56,594 --> 00:35:00,363
and further evidence is needed
to explain it's purpose.

589
00:35:00,431 --> 00:35:02,699
It was hypothesized
by some researchers

590
00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:06,570
that the object functioned
as a galvanic cell,

591
00:35:06,671 --> 00:35:09,506
or battery, possibly
used for electroplating,

592
00:35:09,574 --> 00:35:12,309
or some kind of electrotherapy,

593
00:35:12,410 --> 00:35:16,179
but there is no
electrocauterized objects

594
00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:17,914
known from this period.

595
00:35:18,015 --> 00:35:20,050
An alternative explanation
is that it functioned

596
00:35:20,151 --> 00:35:24,054
as a storage vessel
for sacred scrolls.

597
00:35:25,823 --> 00:35:28,324
The battery has
been proven to work.

598
00:35:28,392 --> 00:35:30,393
And on the modern
program Mythbusters,

599
00:35:30,461 --> 00:35:33,930
several were linked together
to produce four volts,

600
00:35:34,065 --> 00:35:37,200
enough to barely
electroplate with.

601
00:35:37,268 --> 00:35:38,802
Some researchers
believe four volts is

602
00:35:38,903 --> 00:35:41,671
not enough to be useful
for electroplating

603
00:35:41,772 --> 00:35:43,740
but it could have been
used for some kind of

604
00:35:43,841 --> 00:35:47,410
mild electrotherapy
such as pain relief.

605
00:35:47,478 --> 00:35:50,680
Possibly through
electroacupuncture.

606
00:35:52,517 --> 00:35:56,019
What it was used
for is the mystery.

607
00:35:56,087 --> 00:36:00,490
That it was real and did
exist is not a question.

608
00:36:00,558 --> 00:36:05,028
An over 2,000 year-old
battery makes you wonder

609
00:36:05,096 --> 00:36:09,666
if it keeps going and going
and going and going and going.

610
00:36:15,173 --> 00:36:17,774
(dynamic music)

611
00:36:24,715 --> 00:36:27,650
Finding odd combinations
of things is the norm

612
00:36:27,718 --> 00:36:29,185
in archeology.

613
00:36:29,253 --> 00:36:31,254
It wouldn't be too uncommon
to find an old hammer

614
00:36:31,355 --> 00:36:33,790
with it's handle still intact.

615
00:36:33,858 --> 00:36:35,725
But what if you found a
hammer encased in rock

616
00:36:35,826 --> 00:36:40,130
over 100 million years old.

617
00:36:41,399 --> 00:36:45,268
In the 1930's in the city of
London, near Red Creek, Texas,

618
00:36:45,336 --> 00:36:49,739
an iron hammer was discovered
embedded in a rock.

619
00:36:49,807 --> 00:36:51,341
How did it get there?

620
00:36:51,409 --> 00:36:52,809
The hammer had to
have been build before

621
00:36:52,910 --> 00:36:57,147
the rock was formed, hundreds
of millions of years ago.

622
00:36:59,584 --> 00:37:02,219
According to analysis, the
rock enveloping the tool

623
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:05,421
was dated to the Ordovician Era.

624
00:37:05,489 --> 00:37:08,558
More than 400 million years old.

625
00:37:08,626 --> 00:37:11,361
While the hammer itself is
thought to be much older,

626
00:37:11,462 --> 00:37:14,897
dating back 500 million years.

627
00:37:14,966 --> 00:37:17,234
The wooden handle of
the hammer is so old,

628
00:37:17,335 --> 00:37:21,037
that it has begun
to turn into coal.

629
00:37:21,138 --> 00:37:23,373
That's one very old tool.

630
00:37:23,474 --> 00:37:26,176
It was determined
that the hammer's head

631
00:37:26,277 --> 00:37:29,746
is made of 97% pure ion,
2% chlorine and 1% sulfur.

632
00:37:33,084 --> 00:37:35,919
In the 80 or so years since
the hammer was unearthed,

633
00:37:36,020 --> 00:37:40,323
the metal object has not
shown any signs of rust,

634
00:37:40,424 --> 00:37:43,193
making it a unique
blend of metallurgy

635
00:37:43,294 --> 00:37:45,729
that some claim to
be a lost technology

636
00:37:45,830 --> 00:37:48,998
from an ancient civilization.

637
00:37:49,066 --> 00:37:52,735
Both researchers and historians
are divided into two camps

638
00:37:52,803 --> 00:37:55,204
in respect to the finding.

639
00:37:55,273 --> 00:37:57,740
With one arguing that
the artifact is proof

640
00:37:57,808 --> 00:38:01,277
prehistoric cultures
existed long before

641
00:38:01,345 --> 00:38:03,213
what history books tell us.

642
00:38:03,314 --> 00:38:05,949
And the other is
denying the possibility.

643
00:38:07,084 --> 00:38:09,085
Could this strange
object be evidence of

644
00:38:09,153 --> 00:38:12,355
a civilization pre-dating
what is known in

645
00:38:12,423 --> 00:38:15,491
our modern understanding
of history?

646
00:38:15,559 --> 00:38:17,293
Who made the hammer?

647
00:38:17,361 --> 00:38:21,431
And who used it 500
million years ago?

648
00:38:21,499 --> 00:38:24,334
That is some
serious hammer time.

649
00:38:41,218 --> 00:38:43,620
(eerie music)

650
00:38:54,532 --> 00:38:57,533
It seems every day
science is pushing back

651
00:38:57,601 --> 00:39:01,537
the date man become
an intellectual being.

652
00:39:01,605 --> 00:39:04,540
Gobekli Tepe sits in
a plateau in Turkey

653
00:39:04,608 --> 00:39:08,478
and is around 20,000 years old.

654
00:39:08,546 --> 00:39:12,282
20,000 years ago man is
supposed to be eeking out

655
00:39:12,383 --> 00:39:14,550
a living with sticks and clubs.

656
00:39:14,618 --> 00:39:17,687
Yet here is a complex
arrangement of statues.

657
00:39:17,788 --> 00:39:20,423
Some many tons in
weight with carvings

658
00:39:20,491 --> 00:39:23,559
of animals and other symbols.

659
00:39:23,627 --> 00:39:27,497
Gobekli Tepe includes
two phases of use

660
00:39:27,598 --> 00:39:29,432
believed to be of
social or ritual nature

661
00:39:29,533 --> 00:39:33,636
dating back to the
10th millennium BC.

662
00:39:33,704 --> 00:39:35,171
During the first phase,

663
00:39:35,272 --> 00:39:37,574
belonging to the
Pre-Pottery Neolithic,

664
00:39:37,675 --> 00:39:42,378
circles of massive T-shaped
stone pillars were erected.

665
00:39:42,446 --> 00:39:45,382
The world's oldest
known megaliths.

666
00:39:45,483 --> 00:39:49,051
More than 200 pillars
in about 20 circles

667
00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:53,055
are currently known through
geophysical surveys.

668
00:39:53,124 --> 00:39:55,525
Each pillar has a
height of up to 20 feet

669
00:39:55,626 --> 00:39:58,461
and weighs up to 10 tons.

670
00:39:58,562 --> 00:40:00,062
They're fitted into
sockets that were

671
00:40:00,131 --> 00:40:02,932
hewn out of the bedrock.

672
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:04,534
In the second phase,
belonging to the

673
00:40:04,602 --> 00:40:08,471
Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the
erected pillars are smaller

674
00:40:08,539 --> 00:40:13,543
and stood in rectangular rooms
with floors of polished lime.

675
00:40:14,779 --> 00:40:17,414
Pretty sophisticated
for cavemen, right?

676
00:40:19,016 --> 00:40:22,618
The details of the structures
function remain a mystery.

677
00:40:22,686 --> 00:40:24,687
It was excavated by
a German archeologist

678
00:40:24,755 --> 00:40:28,758
under the direction of
Klaus Schmidt from 1996

679
00:40:28,826 --> 00:40:31,627
until his death in 2014.

680
00:40:31,695 --> 00:40:34,164
Schmidt believed that
the site was a sanctuary

681
00:40:34,265 --> 00:40:37,700
where people from a wide-region
periodically congregated.

682
00:40:37,802 --> 00:40:38,868
Not a settlement.

683
00:40:40,738 --> 00:40:43,372
The structures not
only pre-date pottery,

684
00:40:43,441 --> 00:40:46,709
metallurgy and the invention
of writing or the wheel,

685
00:40:46,777 --> 00:40:49,312
but they were built
before the so-called

686
00:40:49,413 --> 00:40:52,982
Neolithic Revolution
that marks the beginning

687
00:40:53,050 --> 00:40:55,919
of agriculture and
animal husbandry.

688
00:40:56,020 --> 00:40:59,522
Around 9000 BC.

689
00:40:59,590 --> 00:41:02,125
The construction of
Gobekli Tepe implies

690
00:41:02,226 --> 00:41:04,794
organization of
an advanced order,

691
00:41:04,862 --> 00:41:08,598
not associated with
Paleolithic society.

692
00:41:08,699 --> 00:41:10,533
However, archeologists
estimate that up to

693
00:41:10,634 --> 00:41:13,870
500 persons were
required to exact

694
00:41:13,971 --> 00:41:16,672
the heavy pillars
from local quarries

695
00:41:16,740 --> 00:41:21,744
and move them 330 to
1640 feet to the site.

696
00:41:22,947 --> 00:41:25,415
The pillars weigh
10 to 20 metric tons

697
00:41:25,516 --> 00:41:29,752
with one still in the
quarry weighing 50 tons.

698
00:41:30,888 --> 00:41:33,556
The site continues
to perplex scientists

699
00:41:33,624 --> 00:41:36,692
and raise more questions
than it answers.

700
00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:39,562
It's the oldest monolithic
site on the planet

701
00:41:39,663 --> 00:41:43,900
as of today, pre-dating
everything else.

702
00:41:43,968 --> 00:41:48,437
It absolutely could not
have been built and crafted

703
00:41:48,506 --> 00:41:50,540
by Neolithic man.

704
00:41:56,313 --> 00:41:58,882
(beating music)

705
00:42:06,590 --> 00:42:09,592
Giant walls are built
to keep people out,

706
00:42:09,693 --> 00:42:11,461
or keep people in.

707
00:42:11,562 --> 00:42:14,664
They are barriers, usually
built for political reasons

708
00:42:14,765 --> 00:42:19,769
to hold off an invading army
or a group of unwanted people.

709
00:42:21,005 --> 00:42:22,472
In some cases, they may
be used to house people

710
00:42:22,573 --> 00:42:24,740
or protect animals.

711
00:42:24,808 --> 00:42:28,077
In any case, a wall is
something of a huge discovery

712
00:42:28,145 --> 00:42:29,946
in archeology.

713
00:42:31,415 --> 00:42:34,684
If you ever find yourself
driving through Rockwall, Texas,

714
00:42:34,752 --> 00:42:38,888
you may ask yourself why
this suburb of Dallas

715
00:42:38,956 --> 00:42:40,756
is called Rockwall.

716
00:42:40,824 --> 00:42:42,959
Well there is an
ancient wall there.

717
00:42:43,027 --> 00:42:47,630
You can't see it because
it's buried but it's there.

718
00:42:47,731 --> 00:42:51,367
For over 160 years, scientists
have claimed the wall

719
00:42:51,468 --> 00:42:55,171
is nothing more than
a natural formation.

720
00:42:55,272 --> 00:42:57,707
Most people living
in Rockwall, Texas,

721
00:42:57,808 --> 00:43:00,310
do not even know that
their city is named

722
00:43:00,411 --> 00:43:03,580
after an ancient rock wall
city complete with the skull

723
00:43:03,681 --> 00:43:06,916
of a giant that was
found while some people

724
00:43:06,984 --> 00:43:11,587
were digging a well looking
for water a long time ago.

725
00:43:11,655 --> 00:43:14,524
The wall is an almost
perfect rectangle,

726
00:43:14,625 --> 00:43:17,393
four miles wide,
and seven miles,

727
00:43:17,461 --> 00:43:19,862
encompassing more than
20 square miles long

728
00:43:19,930 --> 00:43:22,732
with most of the
wall being buried.

729
00:43:22,833 --> 00:43:26,469
The top of the wall
at all outcroppings

730
00:43:26,570 --> 00:43:31,474
found to date have a uniform
elevation of 550 feet

731
00:43:31,575 --> 00:43:33,276
above mean sea level.

732
00:43:35,312 --> 00:43:37,680
Mary Pattie (Wade) Gibson,
is the granddaughter

733
00:43:37,748 --> 00:43:40,816
of T.U. Wade,
founder of the wall

734
00:43:40,884 --> 00:43:44,553
at the Rockwall County
Historical Foundation.

735
00:43:44,622 --> 00:43:46,222
She described the
additional digging

736
00:43:46,323 --> 00:43:50,193
her grandfather and other
men did at the home site.

737
00:43:51,929 --> 00:43:54,497
In her description
were cubicles or rooms

738
00:43:54,565 --> 00:43:57,900
constructed of stone which
you could walk through

739
00:43:57,968 --> 00:44:00,970
and would reach a corridor
which seemed to run

740
00:44:01,038 --> 00:44:03,506
in a direction into the
hill that the town square

741
00:44:03,607 --> 00:44:05,008
sits upon.

742
00:44:06,710 --> 00:44:10,780
She told of an incident in
1906 of two unidentified men

743
00:44:10,881 --> 00:44:13,449
digging out the corridor
which had apparently

744
00:44:13,550 --> 00:44:15,785
been filled with erosion.

745
00:44:15,886 --> 00:44:18,654
Their intent was to reach a
room or cavity under the town

746
00:44:18,722 --> 00:44:20,657
which might be full of gold,

747
00:44:20,758 --> 00:44:24,794
apparently derived from a
story from Indian legend.

748
00:44:25,963 --> 00:44:27,997
The ceiling of the
corridor had steep slopes,

749
00:44:28,065 --> 00:44:31,333
describing a Gothic
type arched ceiling,

750
00:44:31,402 --> 00:44:33,736
much like the Mayans built.

751
00:44:33,837 --> 00:44:36,739
And the further into the
corridor the two men excavated,

752
00:44:36,807 --> 00:44:39,942
the steeper the slope
of the ceiling became.

753
00:44:40,010 --> 00:44:43,279
Consequently, the men fearful
of a structural failure

754
00:44:43,380 --> 00:44:46,082
abandoned their search for gold.

755
00:44:48,752 --> 00:44:50,753
Mary Pattie Gibson
also says that during

756
00:44:50,821 --> 00:44:54,090
her grandfather's
exploration of the wall,

757
00:44:54,158 --> 00:44:58,561
he discovered on the outside,
the wall went straight down.

758
00:44:58,629 --> 00:45:01,631
On the inside she described
the wall going down

759
00:45:01,732 --> 00:45:06,402
to about forty feet, curves
inward and becomes much thicker.

760
00:45:07,671 --> 00:45:09,839
Additional information
provided by the daughter

761
00:45:09,940 --> 00:45:14,310
of the late Mr Deweese, an
early settler of Rockwall,

762
00:45:14,378 --> 00:45:17,313
who described a doorway
with a diagonal shaped stone

763
00:45:17,414 --> 00:45:21,984
in the wall at the Wade
residence on Highway 66.

764
00:45:22,052 --> 00:45:25,855
This portion of the wall was
open to visitors from 1936

765
00:45:25,923 --> 00:45:28,191
until the late 1940's,

766
00:45:28,292 --> 00:45:30,193
and was consequently back filled

767
00:45:30,294 --> 00:45:33,529
because of dangerous
structural conditions.

768
00:45:37,735 --> 00:45:41,671
In 1949, a Mr Sanders
of Fort Worth, Texas,

769
00:45:41,772 --> 00:45:44,807
did an excavation of the wall.

770
00:45:44,908 --> 00:45:48,677
From this excavation four
large stones were brought up

771
00:45:48,746 --> 00:45:52,615
with the largest weighing
approximately two tons.

772
00:45:52,716 --> 00:45:55,151
On these stones were
found inscriptions

773
00:45:55,219 --> 00:45:58,354
with what appear
to be pictographs.

774
00:45:58,455 --> 00:46:02,291
The Dallas Morning News
on the 5 November 1967

775
00:46:02,359 --> 00:46:05,361
reported that "Back
in the 1920's",

776
00:46:05,462 --> 00:46:09,432
T.H. Meredith said a
well was dug on his farm

777
00:46:09,533 --> 00:46:11,901
just east of the
town of Rockwall,

778
00:46:11,969 --> 00:46:14,837
and Mr Meredith declared
that the digging

779
00:46:14,938 --> 00:46:17,907
went along side a
masonry wall which seemed

780
00:46:18,008 --> 00:46:21,844
"to have an arch over
a doorway or window."

781
00:46:21,945 --> 00:46:23,513
Metal rings were
found at the site

782
00:46:23,614 --> 00:46:26,916
which was composed of
tin, titanium and iron,

783
00:46:26,984 --> 00:46:28,885
embedded in the rock.

784
00:46:30,988 --> 00:46:34,423
You can see it in this photo
just above the pick axe.

785
00:46:36,860 --> 00:46:39,862
Of course all this
material, and the skull,

786
00:46:39,963 --> 00:46:42,398
have been lost and
much of the wall today

787
00:46:42,466 --> 00:46:44,400
cannot be seen.

788
00:46:44,501 --> 00:46:48,604
It's also unlikely any modern
excavations will happen,

789
00:46:48,672 --> 00:46:52,741
because the town has grown
and is now an urban section

790
00:46:52,810 --> 00:46:54,076
next to Dallas.

791
00:46:54,178 --> 00:46:56,145
But if you drive
through Rockwall, Texas,

792
00:46:56,213 --> 00:46:59,549
you can think about
what mysteries may lie

793
00:46:59,650 --> 00:47:03,186
just a few feet below your car.

794
00:47:09,593 --> 00:47:11,994
(eerie music)

795
00:47:25,075 --> 00:47:26,442
Giant skulls.

796
00:47:26,510 --> 00:47:27,710
Really?

797
00:47:27,811 --> 00:47:29,178
What's up with that?

798
00:47:29,279 --> 00:47:32,381
The truth is, giant
skulls are very real.

799
00:47:32,482 --> 00:47:34,984
And have been found world-wide.

800
00:47:35,052 --> 00:47:36,786
First let me warn you
that there are a bunch

801
00:47:36,887 --> 00:47:40,856
of fake giant skull photos
floating around the internet.

802
00:47:40,924 --> 00:47:42,992
So if you see one,
do your own research

803
00:47:43,093 --> 00:47:45,862
and determine if
it is real or fake.

804
00:47:45,963 --> 00:47:47,864
You see, there was a
contest not long ago,

805
00:47:47,965 --> 00:47:51,000
to make giant skull
images in Photoshop,

806
00:47:51,068 --> 00:47:54,937
and all of those contest
entries are out there

807
00:47:55,038 --> 00:47:57,873
now being mixed up
with the real ones.

808
00:47:57,941 --> 00:47:59,742
So let's take a
look at the reality

809
00:47:59,810 --> 00:48:03,012
versus the misinformation.

810
00:48:33,076 --> 00:48:34,577
Your first question may be,

811
00:48:34,678 --> 00:48:37,980
why is it so hard to find
real giant skull photos?

812
00:48:38,081 --> 00:48:39,715
Well the reason is simple.

813
00:48:39,816 --> 00:48:40,917
Under the

814
00:48:41,018 --> 00:48:44,053
Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act,

815
00:48:44,121 --> 00:48:46,255
a federal law was passed in 1990

816
00:48:46,356 --> 00:48:49,258
requiring Native American
artifacts and remains

817
00:48:49,359 --> 00:48:53,062
to be handled over to
culturally affiliated tribes

818
00:48:53,130 --> 00:48:56,732
or provable descendants
and then reburied.

819
00:48:56,800 --> 00:49:00,903
The few skulls that remain
in anthropological facilities

820
00:49:00,971 --> 00:49:04,006
cannot be photographed
under this law.

821
00:49:04,074 --> 00:49:06,942
So all photos of the
existence of giant skulls

822
00:49:07,010 --> 00:49:09,645
were taken before 1990.

823
00:49:10,847 --> 00:49:12,081
The other issue is
that because giants

824
00:49:12,149 --> 00:49:14,283
didn't fit the
religious criteria

825
00:49:14,351 --> 00:49:17,219
of early explorers
and researchers,

826
00:49:17,321 --> 00:49:20,556
they were often dismissed
or even destroyed.

827
00:49:20,657 --> 00:49:23,359
Many were sent to the
Smithsonian and subsequently

828
00:49:23,427 --> 00:49:27,629
destroyed by the curator,
who back in the early 1930's

829
00:49:27,698 --> 00:49:29,965
thought it was against
his beliefs and didn't fit

830
00:49:30,033 --> 00:49:33,902
his personal
anthropology theories.

831
00:49:33,971 --> 00:49:38,975
So, let's take a look at
some real giant skulls.

832
00:49:41,345 --> 00:49:44,146
(whimsical music)

833
00:51:10,600 --> 00:51:13,135
(spooky music)

834
00:51:18,241 --> 00:51:20,209
These are not isolated accounts.

835
00:51:20,277 --> 00:51:22,945
There are literally
hundreds of reports

836
00:51:23,046 --> 00:51:24,012
around the turn of the century

837
00:51:24,081 --> 00:51:27,349
describing large
bones and skulls.

838
00:51:27,417 --> 00:51:31,086
Many from accredited
newspapers and doctors.

839
00:51:31,154 --> 00:51:32,688
So why the mystery?

840
00:51:32,789 --> 00:51:35,291
Well, even today many
scientists refuse to look

841
00:51:35,392 --> 00:51:37,359
at the evidence because
they would have to

842
00:51:37,427 --> 00:51:40,162
rewrite the history
books and include

843
00:51:40,230 --> 00:51:43,165
a giant civilization
in North America

844
00:51:43,266 --> 00:51:47,703
which apparently was here long
before the Native Americans.

845
00:51:47,771 --> 00:51:50,406
And existed up to colonization.

846
00:51:52,008 --> 00:51:54,944
Skulls and bones found around
the world, corroborate this.

847
00:51:56,880 --> 00:51:58,847
With the lack of
physical evidence,

848
00:51:58,915 --> 00:52:01,583
and the mystery surrounding
many of these finds,

849
00:52:01,651 --> 00:52:04,520
science just can't be bothered
to take a serious look

850
00:52:04,621 --> 00:52:06,155
at the obvious.

851
00:52:07,691 --> 00:52:11,260
Our only hope is that some
time in the near future,

852
00:52:11,328 --> 00:52:14,396
someone somewhere
digs up a new find

853
00:52:14,498 --> 00:52:18,667
and is wise enough to
photograph and document it

854
00:52:18,768 --> 00:52:21,704
before it can be taken away.

855
00:52:29,613 --> 00:52:32,214
(dynamic music)

856
00:52:42,092 --> 00:52:45,894
In a mysterious pyramid in
China's Qinghai Providence

857
00:52:45,962 --> 00:52:48,697
near Mount Baigong
are three caves

858
00:52:48,798 --> 00:52:53,502
filled with pipes leading
to a nearby salt-water lake.

859
00:52:53,603 --> 00:52:57,973
There are also pipes under
the lake bed and on the shore.

860
00:52:58,074 --> 00:53:00,042
The iron pipes range in size,

861
00:53:00,143 --> 00:53:03,245
from some smaller
than a toothpick.

862
00:53:03,346 --> 00:53:08,350
The strangest part is that
they may be 150,000 years old.

863
00:53:12,856 --> 00:53:15,857
Dating done by the Beijing
Institute of Geology

864
00:53:15,926 --> 00:53:18,794
determined these iron
pipes were smelted

865
00:53:18,862 --> 00:53:22,331
about 150,000 years ago.

866
00:53:22,399 --> 00:53:25,133
If they were indeed
made by humans,

867
00:53:25,202 --> 00:53:28,170
according to Brian
Dunning of Skeptoid.com.

868
00:53:29,206 --> 00:53:31,139
And if they were made by humans,

869
00:53:31,241 --> 00:53:33,475
history as it is commonly viewed

870
00:53:33,577 --> 00:53:36,478
would have to be re-evaluated.

871
00:53:37,914 --> 00:53:41,216
The dating was done
using thermoluminescence.

872
00:53:41,284 --> 00:53:43,285
A technique that
determines how long ago

873
00:53:43,386 --> 00:53:48,157
crystalline mineral was
exposed to sunlight or heated.

874
00:53:49,726 --> 00:53:51,293
Humans are only thought to
have inhabited the region

875
00:53:51,361 --> 00:53:53,629
for the past 30,000 years.

876
00:53:53,697 --> 00:53:55,764
Even with the known
history of the area,

877
00:53:55,899 --> 00:53:59,435
the only humans to inhabit
the region were nomads

878
00:53:59,536 --> 00:54:04,506
whose lifestyle would not leave
any such structures behind.

879
00:54:06,309 --> 00:54:09,111
Though some have since
tried to explain the pipes

880
00:54:09,212 --> 00:54:11,580
as a natural
phenomenon, Yang Ji,

881
00:54:11,681 --> 00:54:15,517
a research fellow at the Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences,

882
00:54:15,619 --> 00:54:17,653
told that the
pyramid may have been

883
00:54:17,754 --> 00:54:20,055
built by intelligent beings.

884
00:54:20,123 --> 00:54:23,925
He did not dismiss the theory
that ancient extraterrestrials

885
00:54:23,994 --> 00:54:26,996
may be responsible,
saying this theory is

886
00:54:27,097 --> 00:54:29,598
"understandable and
worth looking into...

887
00:54:29,666 --> 00:54:32,201
but scientific means
must be employed

888
00:54:32,302 --> 00:54:35,337
to prove whether
or not it is true."

889
00:54:38,208 --> 00:54:41,410
Another theory is that it was
built by prehistoric humans

890
00:54:41,478 --> 00:54:46,248
with techniques lost to
humans of a later period.

891
00:54:47,417 --> 00:54:49,084
The pipes lead
into a salty lake,

892
00:54:49,152 --> 00:54:52,688
though a twin lake nearby
contains freshwater.

893
00:54:52,789 --> 00:54:55,757
The surrounding landscape
is strewn with what

894
00:54:55,825 --> 00:54:59,494
he describes as
"strangely shaped stones."

895
00:54:59,562 --> 00:55:02,598
Rocks protrude from the
ground like broken pillars.

896
00:55:04,067 --> 00:55:08,337
Who could have built a pipe
system 150,000 years ago?

897
00:55:09,472 --> 00:55:12,641
These are iron pipes,
not clay or rock.

898
00:55:12,742 --> 00:55:15,311
They would have had to
have been constructed.

899
00:55:15,412 --> 00:55:18,247
No one was smelting
iron that long ago

900
00:55:18,348 --> 00:55:21,250
according to our current
understanding of history.

901
00:55:21,351 --> 00:55:24,720
Is it possible that an
ancient race of people

902
00:55:24,821 --> 00:55:29,825
lived long before our
so-called historical timeline?

903
00:55:31,027 --> 00:55:32,461
If so, what other
artifacts exist

904
00:55:32,562 --> 00:55:35,297
that prove their existence?

905
00:55:44,941 --> 00:55:47,543
(dynamic music)

906
00:55:58,221 --> 00:56:01,356
Spheres found in the
mines of South Africa

907
00:56:01,424 --> 00:56:04,626
have piqued the curiosity
of researchers for decades.

908
00:56:04,694 --> 00:56:05,894
Why?

909
00:56:05,962 --> 00:56:08,630
Because they're 2.8
billion years old

910
00:56:08,732 --> 00:56:12,034
and appear to be manmade.

911
00:56:13,203 --> 00:56:14,703
According to Michael
Cremo and other

912
00:56:14,771 --> 00:56:17,372
researchers of
prehistoric culture,

913
00:56:17,440 --> 00:56:19,975
these spheres add to
a body of evidence

914
00:56:20,076 --> 00:56:23,579
suggesting intelligent
life existed on Earth

915
00:56:23,680 --> 00:56:28,684
long before a conventional view
of history places it there.

916
00:56:30,120 --> 00:56:32,321
Cremo has traveled the
world gathering information

917
00:56:32,422 --> 00:56:34,656
on out-of-place artifacts.

918
00:56:34,724 --> 00:56:38,059
He compiled his findings
in the popular book,

919
00:56:38,128 --> 00:56:43,165
Forbidden Archeology: The Hidden
History of the Human Race.

920
00:56:44,734 --> 00:56:48,403
In 1984, while
investigating the spheres,

921
00:56:48,471 --> 00:56:50,272
he contacted Roelf Marx,

922
00:56:50,373 --> 00:56:54,342
curator of the museum of
Klerksdorp, South Africa,

923
00:56:54,411 --> 00:56:57,479
where some of the
spheres are kept.

924
00:56:57,547 --> 00:56:59,414
Marx described the
spheres as being about

925
00:56:59,482 --> 00:57:03,886
2.8 billion years old,
with a very hard surface

926
00:57:03,987 --> 00:57:07,889
and a fibrous structure inside.

927
00:57:07,957 --> 00:57:10,426
He found them quite
strange and puzzling.

928
00:57:11,528 --> 00:57:13,695
Marx wrote, according to Cremo

929
00:57:13,797 --> 00:57:16,732
"There is nothing scientific
published about the globes,

930
00:57:16,833 --> 00:57:20,702
for the facts are, they
are found in pyrophyllite,

931
00:57:20,804 --> 00:57:23,705
which is mined near the
little town of Ottosdal

932
00:57:23,807 --> 00:57:25,707
in the Western Transvaal.

933
00:57:28,011 --> 00:57:30,446
Some of the so-called
Klerksdorp spheres

934
00:57:30,547 --> 00:57:34,783
are elliptical in shape with
rough edges around the center.

935
00:57:34,851 --> 00:57:37,986
But some are so balanced
in shape and proportion,

936
00:57:38,087 --> 00:57:40,255
and the grooves around
them look so straight

937
00:57:40,356 --> 00:57:42,791
and hand-carved,
it seems unlikely

938
00:57:42,859 --> 00:57:45,461
they were naturally formed.

939
00:57:47,831 --> 00:57:50,866
Proponents of the theory
say that the spheres

940
00:57:50,934 --> 00:57:53,501
were made by intelligent beings.

941
00:57:53,536 --> 00:57:56,471
Cremo, and others who
hold that these spheres

942
00:57:56,539 --> 00:57:59,474
are evidence of advanced
prehistoric civilizations,

943
00:57:59,542 --> 00:58:03,545
say mainstream science
needs to be bolder,

944
00:58:03,613 --> 00:58:05,480
and more willing to
acknowledge evidence

945
00:58:05,548 --> 00:58:09,685
that could contradict
dominant views.

946
00:58:10,920 --> 00:58:13,488
What was the purpose
of the spheres?

947
00:58:13,556 --> 00:58:18,560
And who was manufacturing
them 2.8 billion years ago?

948
00:58:25,535 --> 00:58:28,403
(vibrant music)

949
00:58:39,282 --> 00:58:42,117
Women today carry a purse.

950
00:58:42,218 --> 00:58:44,519
It's part of our modern culture.

951
00:58:44,587 --> 00:58:47,589
Men wear backpacks
and carry a wallet.

952
00:58:47,690 --> 00:58:51,326
We have bags for pretty
much everything today.

953
00:58:51,394 --> 00:58:53,194
One of the more
mysterious symbols

954
00:58:53,263 --> 00:58:55,931
that has been found
in ancient carvings,

955
00:58:56,032 --> 00:59:00,602
is an image that looks
uncannily like a handbag.

956
00:59:00,670 --> 00:59:03,672
The shape appears in
depictions made by the

957
00:59:03,773 --> 00:59:08,010
Sumerians in Iraq, in the ruins
of ancient Turkish temples,

958
00:59:08,111 --> 00:59:11,547
in decorations of the
Maori of New Zealand,

959
00:59:11,648 --> 00:59:15,717
and in crafts made by the
Olmecs of Central America.

960
00:59:16,953 --> 00:59:20,689
Handbags can be seen in
the art of various cultures

961
00:59:20,757 --> 00:59:23,425
from around the world
and throughout time,

962
00:59:23,560 --> 00:59:26,294
with the first known
instance of a handbag

963
00:59:26,362 --> 00:59:30,232
appearing at the
end of the Ice Age.

964
00:59:30,333 --> 00:59:33,702
What is this mysterious
symbol that can be found

965
00:59:33,803 --> 00:59:35,971
throughout the ancient world?

966
00:59:36,072 --> 00:59:38,507
The handbag image is so called

967
00:59:38,608 --> 00:59:43,445
because it looks very similar
to the modern-day purse.

968
00:59:43,546 --> 00:59:47,716
The objects typically feature
a rounded handle-like top

969
00:59:47,817 --> 00:59:49,585
and a rectangular bottom,

970
00:59:49,686 --> 00:59:53,322
and may include varying
degrees of additional details

971
00:59:53,423 --> 00:59:55,157
of texture or pattern.

972
00:59:56,626 --> 00:59:59,728
The images sometimes appear
as stand-alone objects.

973
00:59:59,829 --> 01:00:02,731
Sometimes they are depicted
in the hand of a person,

974
01:00:02,799 --> 01:00:06,468
a god, or mythical being
in a manner similar

975
01:00:06,536 --> 01:00:08,837
to how one would hold a basket.

976
01:00:12,976 --> 01:00:17,546
One of the earliest instances
of the handbag motif

977
01:00:17,647 --> 01:00:21,216
can be seen in the
ruins of Gobekli Tepe,

978
01:00:21,284 --> 01:00:25,053
located at the top of a mountain
range in southeast Turkey.

979
01:00:25,088 --> 01:00:28,690
Dating back to
approximately 11,000 BC,

980
01:00:28,791 --> 01:00:31,560
Gobekli Tepe is
one of the oldest

981
01:00:31,661 --> 01:00:34,562
temple complexes
ever discovered.

982
01:00:34,631 --> 01:00:38,033
The exact purpose of the
mountain sanctuary is unknown,

983
01:00:38,101 --> 01:00:41,569
however, it appears that
the temple may have served

984
01:00:41,638 --> 01:00:44,706
as a site for
religious sacrifices.

985
01:00:44,774 --> 01:00:46,908
The walls and
pillars of the temple

986
01:00:47,010 --> 01:00:50,112
were decorated with
finely carved animal gods,

987
01:00:50,213 --> 01:00:52,914
and mythical creatures,
perhaps in an effort

988
01:00:53,016 --> 01:00:56,585
to portray the many different
creations of the cosmos.

989
01:00:56,686 --> 01:01:01,256
Amidst these other carvings
are three handbags.

990
01:01:01,324 --> 01:01:03,792
Experts believe that
early religions worshiped

991
01:01:03,860 --> 01:01:07,262
the fundamental elements
of life on Earth.

992
01:01:07,363 --> 01:01:10,465
Therefore, the three
Gobekli Tepe handbags,

993
01:01:10,533 --> 01:01:13,401
taken as an early
form of those icons,

994
01:01:13,469 --> 01:01:18,473
could be said to symbolically
define the site as a temple.

995
01:01:19,542 --> 01:01:21,810
Elsewhere, the
handbag image shows up

996
01:01:21,878 --> 01:01:25,547
with striking similarities
in two stone reliefs.

997
01:01:25,648 --> 01:01:28,950
One made by the
Assyrians of ancient Iraq

998
01:01:29,018 --> 01:01:33,755
sometime between 880
to 859 BC and the other

999
01:01:33,823 --> 01:01:37,025
made by the Olmecs of
ancient Mesoamerica

1000
01:01:37,093 --> 01:01:41,963
sometime between
1200 and 400 BC.

1001
01:01:42,065 --> 01:01:44,232
In both of these images,
a man-like figure

1002
01:01:44,333 --> 01:01:46,768
carries the handbag in his hand,

1003
01:01:46,869 --> 01:01:49,705
as if it were a basket or purse.

1004
01:01:49,806 --> 01:01:52,907
When used in Assyrian
art it is said

1005
01:01:52,975 --> 01:01:55,777
the purse holds magic dust.

1006
01:01:55,878 --> 01:01:58,447
When depicted in Olmec
art they postulate

1007
01:01:58,548 --> 01:02:01,616
that it contains herbs
for getting high.

1008
01:02:02,785 --> 01:02:04,319
This suggests that the
handbag may have been

1009
01:02:04,420 --> 01:02:07,055
a standard of measurement
uniquely discovered

1010
01:02:07,123 --> 01:02:09,424
by both cultures.

1011
01:02:10,960 --> 01:02:14,062
In any case, these handbags
appear on statues and reliefs

1012
01:02:14,163 --> 01:02:16,731
all around the world.

1013
01:02:16,766 --> 01:02:18,800
And are very similar.

1014
01:02:18,901 --> 01:02:20,201
What were they?

1015
01:02:20,269 --> 01:02:21,803
What did they contain?

1016
01:02:21,871 --> 01:02:24,806
And why was it important
to depict this symbol

1017
01:02:24,907 --> 01:02:28,944
in statues and art
thousands of years ago?

1018
01:02:35,051 --> 01:02:37,886
(vibrant music)

1019
01:02:50,266 --> 01:02:53,702
The Stone of the South
at Baalbek, Lebanon,

1020
01:02:53,803 --> 01:02:57,172
is the largest worked
monolith on Earth.

1021
01:02:57,240 --> 01:03:01,810
Weighing in at a
staggering 1242 tons.

1022
01:03:03,412 --> 01:03:06,782
It is even heavier than the
Stone of the Pregnant Woman

1023
01:03:06,883 --> 01:03:09,584
which weighs an
estimated 1000 tons,

1024
01:03:09,652 --> 01:03:13,021
that sits on the other side
of the road in the quarry.

1025
01:03:14,157 --> 01:03:15,924
Neither of these stones
made it to the main

1026
01:03:15,992 --> 01:03:20,595
Temple of Jupiter, some 900
meters to the northeast.

1027
01:03:20,696 --> 01:03:24,733
But some 400-ton and 800-ton
stones did make their way

1028
01:03:24,834 --> 01:03:29,004
to the temple, were raised
20 feet in to the air

1029
01:03:29,105 --> 01:03:31,873
and were placed with
machine-like precision

1030
01:03:31,941 --> 01:03:36,945
onto the foundations of
this mighty ancient complex.

1031
01:03:40,216 --> 01:03:43,751
Janine Abdel Massih
and her team uncovered

1032
01:03:43,820 --> 01:03:46,955
a further monolith that
sits virtually underneath

1033
01:03:47,023 --> 01:03:49,424
The Stone of the Pregnant Woman.

1034
01:03:50,893 --> 01:03:52,961
Until recently, it was buried
under a few feet of dirt,

1035
01:03:53,029 --> 01:03:56,765
and has been measured
at 19.6 meters long,

1036
01:03:56,866 --> 01:04:01,837
6 meters wide and
5.5 meters thick.

1037
01:04:03,039 --> 01:04:04,573
Because they've not yet
reached the bottom of the rock

1038
01:04:04,674 --> 01:04:07,909
to completely clear it, they
have no idea of the volume

1039
01:04:08,010 --> 01:04:11,713
or complete dimension
of this ancient stone.

1040
01:04:11,814 --> 01:04:13,648
The outline of it can be seen,

1041
01:04:13,716 --> 01:04:14,916
and shows a kind of precision

1042
01:04:15,017 --> 01:04:18,519
we find in ancient
Peru and Egypt.

1043
01:04:18,588 --> 01:04:20,188
The discovery of
this new monolith,

1044
01:04:20,256 --> 01:04:24,392
just adds another level of
mystery to the situation,

1045
01:04:24,493 --> 01:04:28,797
as it sits virtually under The
Stone of the Pregnant Woman,

1046
01:04:28,898 --> 01:04:31,132
and would have had to
have been lifted out,

1047
01:04:31,234 --> 01:04:36,204
after this other
1000-ton block was moved.

1048
01:04:39,008 --> 01:04:41,809
Could Baalbek have been
constructed by giants?

1049
01:04:41,878 --> 01:04:44,946
It certainly appears to
have been built by giants

1050
01:04:45,047 --> 01:04:47,215
when trying to work out
how some of these stones

1051
01:04:47,283 --> 01:04:49,951
could have been
moved into place.

1052
01:04:50,019 --> 01:04:52,153
The western wall of
the Temple of Jupiter

1053
01:04:52,221 --> 01:04:54,289
contains some of
these immense blocks

1054
01:04:54,357 --> 01:04:56,958
that make up the trilithon,

1055
01:04:57,059 --> 01:05:00,228
at least twenty feet
above ground level.

1056
01:05:01,430 --> 01:05:03,965
So how could they have
got them from the quarry

1057
01:05:04,066 --> 01:05:08,036
to the main site, then
placed them so accurately?

1058
01:05:09,105 --> 01:05:10,838
The stones of Baalbek
are one of the

1059
01:05:10,907 --> 01:05:12,841
enduring mysteries of the ages,

1060
01:05:12,942 --> 01:05:15,844
and it does seem like
some special occult power

1061
01:05:15,945 --> 01:05:18,914
was employed to quarry,
lift and transport

1062
01:05:19,015 --> 01:05:20,582
these immense blocks.

1063
01:05:21,817 --> 01:05:24,385
Why they decided to
use stones of this size

1064
01:05:24,453 --> 01:05:27,388
has baffled researchers
for generations.

1065
01:05:27,456 --> 01:05:30,659
It would have been so much
easier to use smaller blocks

1066
01:05:30,760 --> 01:05:34,129
and put them
together at the site.

1067
01:05:34,230 --> 01:05:37,232
Perhaps if they were
giants then these stones

1068
01:05:37,333 --> 01:05:41,803
were not as large to
them as they are to us.

1069
01:05:41,904 --> 01:05:45,540
We may never know how
Baalbek was constructed.

1070
01:05:45,608 --> 01:05:47,208
One thing we do know is that we

1071
01:05:47,310 --> 01:05:51,146
cannot duplicate this endeavor.

1072
01:05:53,816 --> 01:05:56,518
(dramatic music)

1073
01:06:11,500 --> 01:06:13,901
How is it that the
Sumerians and Egyptians

1074
01:06:13,970 --> 01:06:18,707
rose to become
empires so quickly?

1075
01:06:18,808 --> 01:06:22,110
Ancient Egyptian
civilization emerged in the

1076
01:06:22,211 --> 01:06:25,113
fertile Nile Valley,
bounded on each side

1077
01:06:25,214 --> 01:06:27,115
by harsh deserts.

1078
01:06:27,216 --> 01:06:29,517
In Mesopotamia,
now southern Iraq,

1079
01:06:29,618 --> 01:06:32,120
the land between the Euphrates
and the Tigris rivers,

1080
01:06:32,221 --> 01:06:36,391
the first cities appeared
on irrigated lands.

1081
01:06:36,492 --> 01:06:38,326
Both resulted from
the consolidation

1082
01:06:38,427 --> 01:06:41,129
of political and economic power.

1083
01:06:42,198 --> 01:06:44,932
Before 3100 BC, the Nile Valley

1084
01:06:45,001 --> 01:06:48,202
held a series of
competitive kingdoms.

1085
01:06:48,270 --> 01:06:51,139
After centuries of
unsettled conditions,

1086
01:06:51,207 --> 01:06:54,175
Egypt became a unified
river valley state

1087
01:06:54,210 --> 01:06:58,079
under a leader named Narmer.

1088
01:06:58,180 --> 01:07:00,415
Sumerian civilization
in Mesopotamia

1089
01:07:00,516 --> 01:07:03,418
was a patchwork of
small city states,

1090
01:07:03,486 --> 01:07:05,820
each with their own
aggressive rulers

1091
01:07:05,888 --> 01:07:08,823
and patron gods or goddesses.

1092
01:07:08,891 --> 01:07:11,159
All depended on
irrigation agriculture

1093
01:07:11,260 --> 01:07:13,828
and highly centralized
government.

1094
01:07:15,131 --> 01:07:18,099
In the case of Egypt, the
pharaoh was supreme ruler,

1095
01:07:18,200 --> 01:07:21,035
thought to be a living god.

1096
01:07:21,103 --> 01:07:24,305
In Mesopotamia, city
rulers known as lugals

1097
01:07:24,407 --> 01:07:27,642
were considered to
have divine powers.

1098
01:07:27,743 --> 01:07:30,445
They were also skilled warriors.

1099
01:07:30,546 --> 01:07:32,847
Who were these Gods?

1100
01:07:32,948 --> 01:07:36,317
And how did they manage to
create such awesome empires

1101
01:07:36,385 --> 01:07:41,389
when man was supposed to be
little more than migrant nomads?

1102
01:07:42,892 --> 01:07:45,193
We know much about modern
history because these cultures

1103
01:07:45,294 --> 01:07:48,997
left stone tablets with writing.

1104
01:07:49,098 --> 01:07:51,065
Who taught these
people to write?

1105
01:07:51,133 --> 01:07:53,401
How to carve and
work with stone?

1106
01:07:53,469 --> 01:07:55,736
Some stones being
huge and heavy.

1107
01:07:55,805 --> 01:07:57,472
Where did they get
their knowledge

1108
01:07:57,540 --> 01:08:02,143
of mathematics and architecture?

1109
01:08:02,211 --> 01:08:04,545
Modern history marks
these two cultures

1110
01:08:04,613 --> 01:08:09,617
to be the beginning of what
we today call civilization.

1111
01:08:11,087 --> 01:08:13,087
Though there is now
emerging more evidence man

1112
01:08:13,155 --> 01:08:16,024
may have been
civilized long ago,

1113
01:08:16,125 --> 01:08:19,560
the Gods who ruled
and taught mankind,

1114
01:08:19,628 --> 01:08:24,232
apparently were
technologically advanced.

1115
01:08:24,333 --> 01:08:26,101
Could they have been aliens?

1116
01:08:26,202 --> 01:08:30,038
Or, is our history so
fragmented, we have no idea

1117
01:08:30,139 --> 01:08:34,075
how technology really began?

1118
01:08:41,016 --> 01:08:43,618
(dynamic music)

1119
01:08:55,631 --> 01:08:58,066
A less ancient discovery,
but very important

1120
01:08:58,167 --> 01:09:03,271
to modern culture, is the
famous Shroud of Turin.

1121
01:09:03,372 --> 01:09:05,239
The Shroud is said to
be an ancient cloth

1122
01:09:05,274 --> 01:09:07,475
that covered the
body of Jesus Christ

1123
01:09:07,576 --> 01:09:10,612
when he ascended from his tomb.

1124
01:09:10,713 --> 01:09:14,282
The power of his ascension
caused an image of his body

1125
01:09:14,383 --> 01:09:16,151
on the cloth.

1126
01:09:17,353 --> 01:09:19,154
Determining if the
Shroud is authentic,

1127
01:09:19,255 --> 01:09:21,823
means following it's
timeline from the tomb

1128
01:09:21,924 --> 01:09:24,759
to Italy, where it is now.

1129
01:09:24,827 --> 01:09:27,295
The history of the Shroud
from the 15th Century

1130
01:09:27,363 --> 01:09:29,096
is well recorded.

1131
01:09:29,165 --> 01:09:32,700
It's the time backward, from
then to the death of Jesus

1132
01:09:32,801 --> 01:09:34,502
that is in question.

1133
01:09:34,603 --> 01:09:37,104
It is said the Shroud
was taken to Turkey

1134
01:09:37,173 --> 01:09:40,441
to Palestine then made
it's way to Italy.

1135
01:09:40,509 --> 01:09:45,513
Connecting these dots of where
it was is part of history.

1136
01:09:46,949 --> 01:09:50,818
The other part, is how an
image came to be on the Shroud.

1137
01:09:52,288 --> 01:09:55,323
Tests have shown it
is not a painting

1138
01:09:55,391 --> 01:09:57,725
or contains pigments
of an impression.

1139
01:09:59,228 --> 01:10:02,196
Pollens from the cloth
seem to tell it's origin

1140
01:10:02,264 --> 01:10:06,801
is indeed from the correct
area Jesus was buried.

1141
01:10:06,902 --> 01:10:09,871
There are several reddish
stains on the Shroud,

1142
01:10:09,972 --> 01:10:11,472
suggesting blood.

1143
01:10:11,540 --> 01:10:13,141
But it is uncertain
whether these stains

1144
01:10:13,242 --> 01:10:16,277
were produced at the
same time as the image

1145
01:10:16,345 --> 01:10:18,646
or afterwards.

1146
01:10:20,182 --> 01:10:22,416
The image on the Shroud,
appears like the negative

1147
01:10:22,484 --> 01:10:26,087
of a photograph, though
photography did not exist

1148
01:10:26,188 --> 01:10:28,623
in the time of Jesus.

1149
01:10:28,724 --> 01:10:30,959
The image clearly,
and accurately,

1150
01:10:31,060 --> 01:10:32,960
depicts the wounds on Christ,

1151
01:10:33,028 --> 01:10:35,430
and blood that flowed from them.

1152
01:10:35,531 --> 01:10:39,334
Some believe the Shroud
is a simple forgery.

1153
01:10:39,401 --> 01:10:42,169
While others point to the
blood and other accurate points

1154
01:10:42,238 --> 01:10:44,639
within the image
and the cloth itself

1155
01:10:44,740 --> 01:10:47,141
dating to the proper age.

1156
01:10:48,677 --> 01:10:53,648
In 1976, Pete Schumacher,
John Jackson, and Eric Jumper,

1157
01:10:55,784 --> 01:10:58,185
analyzed a photograph
of the Shroud image

1158
01:10:58,254 --> 01:11:01,255
using a VP8 image analyzer,

1159
01:11:01,323 --> 01:11:04,325
which was developed for
NASA to create brightness

1160
01:11:04,426 --> 01:11:06,927
maps of the moon.

1161
01:11:06,996 --> 01:11:10,531
A brightness map interprets
differences of brightness

1162
01:11:10,633 --> 01:11:15,202
within an image as
differences of elevation.

1163
01:11:15,271 --> 01:11:18,406
They found that, unlike any
photograph they had analyzed,

1164
01:11:18,474 --> 01:11:22,743
the Shroud image has
the property of decoding

1165
01:11:22,811 --> 01:11:25,346
into a 3-dimensional image,

1166
01:11:25,447 --> 01:11:28,282
when the darker parts of
the image are interpreted

1167
01:11:28,350 --> 01:11:31,819
to be those features of the
man that they were closest to

1168
01:11:31,887 --> 01:11:36,024
on the Shroud and the
lighter areas of the image

1169
01:11:36,125 --> 01:11:39,227
of those features
that were farthest.

1170
01:11:39,328 --> 01:11:42,230
The researchers could
not replicate the effect

1171
01:11:42,331 --> 01:11:45,566
when they attempted to
transfer similar images

1172
01:11:45,668 --> 01:11:49,504
using techniques of
block print, engravings,

1173
01:11:49,605 --> 01:11:53,174
a hot statue, and bas-relief.

1174
01:11:53,275 --> 01:11:58,045
The Shroud of Turin, is either
an accurate image of Christ

1175
01:11:58,113 --> 01:12:01,315
on cloth or it is
the cleverest forgery

1176
01:12:01,383 --> 01:12:05,420
ever constructed
by an early man.

1177
01:12:06,822 --> 01:12:11,292
In May of 2018 Turin's
International Center of Sindonology

1178
01:12:12,494 --> 01:12:15,863
held it's annual meeting
in Chamberey, France.

1179
01:12:15,964 --> 01:12:18,599
The primary topic of
discussion was a new

1180
01:12:18,701 --> 01:12:21,969
reevaluation of
it's carbon dating.

1181
01:12:25,974 --> 01:12:28,576
(vibrant music)

1182
01:12:36,819 --> 01:12:38,486
Lost civilizations.

1183
01:12:38,554 --> 01:12:40,755
Out of place artifacts.

1184
01:12:40,856 --> 01:12:43,491
Mysterious walls and monuments.

1185
01:12:43,559 --> 01:12:46,327
Mankind loves a good mystery.

1186
01:12:46,428 --> 01:12:47,895
But these items
are also important

1187
01:12:47,963 --> 01:12:50,765
from a historic point of view.

1188
01:12:52,267 --> 01:12:55,636
Our history is fragmented
and much of it has been lost.

1189
01:12:55,738 --> 01:12:59,440
We believe in a linear
existence from one point

1190
01:12:59,508 --> 01:13:01,642
in time to another.

1191
01:13:01,744 --> 01:13:05,179
But perhaps history
is not a straight line

1192
01:13:05,280 --> 01:13:08,316
but rather comes and
goes in a curved manner

1193
01:13:08,417 --> 01:13:11,252
of life on Earth.

1194
01:13:11,353 --> 01:13:13,788
Instead of thinking
we have one history,

1195
01:13:13,889 --> 01:13:18,893
perhaps we have had several
with man or some being like man

1196
01:13:20,095 --> 01:13:22,997
evolving up to a point
then being destroyed

1197
01:13:23,065 --> 01:13:26,467
and having to start
all over again.

1198
01:13:26,535 --> 01:13:29,804
Is it possible that
there have been several

1199
01:13:29,872 --> 01:13:34,475
civilizations on Earth
in it's 4.5 billion

1200
01:13:34,543 --> 01:13:36,944
years of existence?

1201
01:13:37,045 --> 01:13:41,549
If artifacts and obvious
machine technology found

1202
01:13:41,617 --> 01:13:45,419
in ancient ruins
are to be believed,

1203
01:13:45,487 --> 01:13:48,556
then somewhere back in
time there may have been

1204
01:13:48,624 --> 01:13:53,294
other timelines and other
civilizations before us.

1205
01:13:53,362 --> 01:13:56,297
If so, which one are we?

1206
01:13:57,466 --> 01:14:00,368
4.5 billion years
is plenty of time

1207
01:14:00,469 --> 01:14:03,571
for several civilizations
to have emerged.

1208
01:14:03,672 --> 01:14:05,773
Even advanced societies.

1209
01:14:05,874 --> 01:14:09,376
Some say, there have
been at least five

1210
01:14:09,445 --> 01:14:12,580
civilizations on Earth.

1211
01:14:12,681 --> 01:14:17,051
Perhaps rather than
looking for aliens

1212
01:14:17,119 --> 01:14:20,321
outside of our planet to
explain these mysteries,

1213
01:14:20,422 --> 01:14:23,591
we should be looking
more towards ourselves

1214
01:14:23,692 --> 01:14:28,729
and dig deeper to find who we
were in epochs long forgotten.