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[man]: We are going
on a journey this weekend.

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00:00:11,924 --> 00:00:13,752
[man]: Welcome, everyone.

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[man]: The Search Weekend
is about discovery.

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00:00:16,103 --> 00:00:18,061
It is about surrender.

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[man]: Don't worry.

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All of your questions
will be answered.

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[man]: I heard
about Cursillo from a friend

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who walked in my office one day

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and said, "I'd like
to show you something."

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[man]:
They've selected you.

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You just can't sign up and go,
so people sponsor you.

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[man]: We had a young couple
who'd been attending our church.

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They went
to the Cursillo weekend.

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They came back very excited,
but very perplexed.

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[man]:
"Just relax. Breathe.

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Don't try to anticipate
what's going to happen next.

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Everything said in this room
is completely confidential."

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[man]: "Well, what is it?"

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"Well, we can't
really tell you what it is,

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but it's going
to be wonderful."

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[man]: All the windows
and doors and clocks

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had been covered with paper.

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[man]:
In the Christian Church,

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there are no secrets.

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[man]: Why is the world
so full of unhappiness?

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[man]: Why is your life
still so unsatisfying?

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[man]: I felt exhausted,
mentally unstable.

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[man]:
Some of these techniques

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are using mind control,
manipulating.

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[man]: We have done
some amazing work so far,

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but I think
we can go even deeper.

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[man]: What do you know?

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[man]: How did
religion get started?

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[man]: Something
that you encounter as vast...

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[man]:
Without consciousness,

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nothing has any importance
for any of us.

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[man]:
Let's not be ashamed

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of using the word "spiritual."

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[man]:
You can produce awe.

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[♪♪♪]

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[school bell rings]

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["Spirit in the Sky"
by Norman Greenbaum begins]

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[♪♪♪]

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Julie.

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Did you hear about
that party at Sandy Point?

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I was thinking maybe
we could go together.

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No, we have The Search
this weekend.

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I'm volunteering, remember,
and you promised me.

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There's gonna be
other parties, Patrick.

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This is special.

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But if you really don't
want to go with me,

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I suppose
I can just go by myself.

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Hey, no.

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No, no, no. I'll come.

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♪ When I die
And they lay me to rest ♪

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[Patrick]:
I was 17 in Grade 12,

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and the kids were talking

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about this thing
called "The Search,"

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this weekend retreat

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where everybody had
this spiritual experience.

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♪ Spirit in the sky

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I was pretty interested
in that.

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♪ Going up to the spirit
in the sky ♪

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♪ Spirit in the sky

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♪ That's where I'm gonna go
When I die ♪

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♪ When I die

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♪ When I die
And they lay me to rest ♪

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[Patrick]:
I was born in the '50s,

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and as a child growing up,

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life really seemed
very simple.

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We had Catholicism
and the Church.

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It was all very clear
what to believe.

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My mom had seven kids
in a little over 10 years.

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[Patrick's mom]:
Birth control

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was not
part of the Catholic religion.

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[laughing]

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♪ Prepare yourself
You know it's a must ♪

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[Patrick]: I think the main
reason we were Catholic

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was because my mother
was interested in making sure

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we had a moral upbringing.

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My family had been Catholic
for generations.

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I had my first communion
when I was six.

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I was going to church
all the time.

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I was an altar boy.

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That was the way we lived.

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Well, I really believed,

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back in the '50s and '60s
and that,

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that you had to be baptized.

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I just knew intrinsically
that has to happen.

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There are many different
religions in the world,

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and thousands more
that have come and gone

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and gone extinct,

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and oddly enough,

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the religion that people
tend to espouse

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is the one
that their parents espoused.

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Why do you suppose that is?

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Is it in the genes?

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No, certainly not.

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It's that they are sheltered
in their youth,

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in their infancy.

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They're only taught
one religion.

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They're taught
all the others are wrong.

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[Richard Dawkins]:
Having the kind of brain

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which believes what you're told
by your elders and betters

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could have an advantage,

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but the child brain
has no way

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of distinguishing
the superstition,

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which is just silly,

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and the wise advice,

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which is vitally important
for them to learn.

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[♪♪♪]

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[choir singing]

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[Priest speaking softly]

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[Patrick]:
Being an altar boy

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was really
quite an amazing experience

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because when I was up
on that altar,

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it really felt like
I was important

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and I was doing something

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that the entire community
would appreciate,

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and the priests made you feel
like you were important.

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It was a very
uplifting experience.

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At that time,
early in my life,

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that was a big thing.

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[♪♪♪]

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It's Friday night,
you show up,

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you've got your sleeping bag

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and a little duffel bag
with your clothes in it.

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There were maybe 20 kids.

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Hey, Ben.

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There was my friend, Ben,
who was there,

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and we had
played basketball together.

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We weren't really good friends,

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but I knew him well enough,
and I thought,

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"Well, at least there's
somebody here that I know,

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and I'll go through
this weekend,

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and we'll hang together,

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and, you know,
I won't be completely alone."

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[Father Snow]:
Hello, everyone.

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Listen up.

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I'm Father Snow.

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Welcome.

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We are going
on a journey this weekend.

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It's a journey
from here to here.

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The Search Weekend
is about discovery.

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It's about surrender...

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surrender to God.

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It is a real encounter

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with the Holy Spirit.

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[Patrick]: And the first thing
I noticed when I went in

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was all the windows and doors
and clocks

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had been covered with paper.

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That was a little strange,
but they said

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they wanted everybody
just to focus

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on that weekend experience.

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[Snow]:
Now let me introduce you

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to your spiritual advisors
and helpers for this weekend.

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We've got Father Green.

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[Brian Janssen]:
If you didn't participate,

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you didn't know about it.

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If you did participate,
you couldn't talk about it.

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In the Christian Church,
there are no secrets,

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so to come upon
a secretive movement

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among the Christian Church
is really quite surprising,

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so it piqued my curiosity.

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The actual name
of the event itself

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is Cursillos de Cristiandad,

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so it's "Little Courses
in Christianity,"

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and I'm suggesting that
mm, maybe not so much.

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It's little courses in having
a cathartic experience.

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And now let me introduce you
to your youth leader...

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Bruce.

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Hi, everyone. I'm Bruce,

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your Search youth leader
for this weekend.

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I said, "Hi, everyone!"

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[teens]: Hi, Bruce.

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[Bruce]: Aw, come on, people.
We need energy!

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Let's do it one more time.

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Hi, everybody!

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[teens]: Hi, Bruce!

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[Bruce]: This is going to be
a fantastic weekend.

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Just go ahead

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and leave all of your things
right here on the floor.

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If anybody's wearing a watch,

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go ahead and take it off now
and give it Monica.

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Don't worry.

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Everything will
be taken care of.

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All of your questions
will be answered.

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Now... follow me.

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Come on!
Let's go for a run.

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[♪♪♪]

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[Janssen]: The way
that the Cursillo began

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was actually
in the 1930s in Spain.

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The Catholic Church in Spain
was really in trouble.

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It was weak.

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Young men especially were not
participating in the Church.

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It was considered effeminate
to be a part of the Church,

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and then there were
inroads of Communism

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and also other ideologies

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that were denying
the central tenets of the faith,

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and so the Church
was really in trouble.

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Because of that,

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Roman Catholic leaders
suggested,

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"Let's take a pilgrimage

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to the tomb
of St. James the Greater,"

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and they created
some weekend trainings

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to prepare these folks,

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and they found
that the trainings

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really had a work
of revitalization

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that made the pilgrimage
almost unnecessary.

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At that time, a very important
figure named Eduardo Bonnin,

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a psychologist,

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was employed.

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He interjected
a strong psychological component

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to the Cursillo movement,

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and because of his influence,

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the Cursillo
is what it is today.

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It eventually came to the U.S.,

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and in 1981,

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the Roman Catholic Church said

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that it was introduced

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in almost all
of the 160 dioceses

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in the United States in America,

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00:09:05,632 --> 00:09:08,678
so in this less than 40 years,

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30 years, really,
it had a phenomenal spread.

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I don't think
there is a place on Earth

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where it does not exist.

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[Bruce]: Please, have a seat
on the floor.

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Come on in.

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[Janssen]:
It has also moved its way

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into virtually
every Protestant denomination

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in the United States,

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Lutherans, Methodists,
Presbyterians, Episcopalians.

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So we'll have a brief prayer,

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then I'll lead a meditation

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before we begin our weekend

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of exploration
and enlightenment.

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[Bruce chuckles]

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Just relax.

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Breathe.

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Let's all hold hands.

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[Patrick]: It was very quiet,
and they said,

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"We're gonna start
with a meditation."

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I thought, "This could be
an interesting weekend."

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Remember, it's important
to just experience this weekend.

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Don't try to anticipate
what's going to happen next.

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Just go with the flow.

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We know you have
lots of questions,

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00:09:59,990 --> 00:10:02,732
but all will be revealed soon.

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00:10:02,776 --> 00:10:04,125
[Patrick]: I was looking forward

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00:10:04,168 --> 00:10:06,780
to this encounter
with the Holy Spirit.

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00:10:06,823 --> 00:10:08,608
I was in it.

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00:10:09,652 --> 00:10:11,654
[Sam Harris]:
In many religious contexts,

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00:10:11,698 --> 00:10:13,700
people are
in some social context

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00:10:13,743 --> 00:10:16,267
that has taken them
out of their comfort zone,

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00:10:16,311 --> 00:10:17,660
and they can have
what presents

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as a truly rarefied
state of consciousness.

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00:10:21,359 --> 00:10:23,100
Then you imagine
that it has been delivered

260
00:10:23,144 --> 00:10:26,147
from some invisible agent,
right?

261
00:10:26,190 --> 00:10:29,541
It's grace
that is showering down,

262
00:10:29,585 --> 00:10:31,718
or you've been touched
by something unseen,

263
00:10:31,761 --> 00:10:33,502
and there's a lot of beliefs

264
00:10:33,545 --> 00:10:38,681
that seem to get justified
by those haphazard experiences.

265
00:10:39,769 --> 00:10:42,859
Although we are at the centre
of all God's creation,

266
00:10:42,903 --> 00:10:44,295
we feel...

267
00:10:44,339 --> 00:10:45,470
dissatisfied,

268
00:10:45,514 --> 00:10:46,776
anguish,

269
00:10:46,820 --> 00:10:48,038
hollow.

270
00:10:49,170 --> 00:10:50,954
We seek happiness
in false values

271
00:10:50,998 --> 00:10:53,653
that activate
new, insatiable desires.

272
00:10:55,480 --> 00:10:57,831
Why have we failed?

273
00:10:57,874 --> 00:11:00,355
Why is your life
still so unsatisfying,

274
00:11:00,398 --> 00:11:03,488
frustrating,
and unfulfilling?

275
00:11:03,532 --> 00:11:06,013
[Harris]:
It is possible to have

276
00:11:06,056 --> 00:11:09,712
an experience
of profound meaning

277
00:11:09,756 --> 00:11:11,409
in anything.

278
00:11:11,453 --> 00:11:12,889
Awe is a matter of attention.

279
00:11:12,933 --> 00:11:15,500
It's not a matter of the object
being attended to.

280
00:11:15,544 --> 00:11:19,200
Consciousness
is fundamentally mysterious.

281
00:11:20,418 --> 00:11:22,899
Understanding consciousness...

282
00:11:22,943 --> 00:11:25,859
it's got to be
one of the most important things

283
00:11:25,902 --> 00:11:26,990
that there is to do.

284
00:11:27,034 --> 00:11:28,905
Without consciousness,

285
00:11:28,949 --> 00:11:30,733
nothing has any importance
for any of us.

286
00:11:30,777 --> 00:11:33,780
Consciousness in the end
for each of us is all there is.

287
00:11:33,823 --> 00:11:36,434
We experience the world
and we experience the self

288
00:11:36,478 --> 00:11:39,002
in virtue of being conscious.

289
00:11:39,046 --> 00:11:41,265
When we suffer,
we suffer consciously.

290
00:11:41,309 --> 00:11:43,311
When we experience
pain and pleasure,

291
00:11:43,354 --> 00:11:46,096
that's part of
our conscious experience.

292
00:11:46,140 --> 00:11:47,750
It's only the fact

293
00:11:47,794 --> 00:11:51,188
there is something it is like
to be you or me,

294
00:11:51,232 --> 00:11:52,929
rather than just
be a kind of robot

295
00:11:52,973 --> 00:11:55,366
with no inner universe at all.

296
00:11:55,410 --> 00:11:58,065
That's the central mystery,

297
00:11:58,108 --> 00:12:01,024
and it's also
the most familiar thing

298
00:12:01,068 --> 00:12:02,069
to each of us.

299
00:12:03,984 --> 00:12:06,073
Let us give up our old ways,

300
00:12:06,116 --> 00:12:07,465
our sinful ways.

301
00:12:07,509 --> 00:12:08,728
Let's open ourselves

302
00:12:08,771 --> 00:12:12,862
to the new light
of enlightenment and love.

303
00:12:13,994 --> 00:12:15,778
Peace be with you.

304
00:12:15,822 --> 00:12:17,867
[youth]:
And also with you.

305
00:12:22,176 --> 00:12:23,655
[Dacher Keltner]:
We define "awe"

306
00:12:23,699 --> 00:12:26,920
as the moment when something
that you encounter is vast

307
00:12:26,963 --> 00:12:30,140
and kind of makes
the self feel small,

308
00:12:30,184 --> 00:12:31,751
and also,
it involves a sense

309
00:12:31,794 --> 00:12:33,753
that your current
knowledge structures...

310
00:12:33,796 --> 00:12:35,189
your concepts, your ideas...

311
00:12:35,232 --> 00:12:38,409
can't make sense of what
you're encountering, right?

312
00:12:38,453 --> 00:12:41,369
And so it initiates
this process of inquiry.

313
00:12:43,806 --> 00:12:47,288
[Harris]: We tend to interpret
our spiritual experiences

314
00:12:47,331 --> 00:12:48,898
through the lens

315
00:12:48,942 --> 00:12:52,249
of whatever religious culture
we've been indoctrinated by.

316
00:12:52,293 --> 00:12:53,816
It's not an accident

317
00:12:53,860 --> 00:12:58,255
that when a Christian begins
to feel extremely expansive,

318
00:12:58,299 --> 00:13:00,083
let's say, you know, in church,

319
00:13:00,127 --> 00:13:01,998
he or she will interpret

320
00:13:02,042 --> 00:13:05,045
that sudden change
in the contents of consciousness

321
00:13:05,088 --> 00:13:07,090
or in their emotional life

322
00:13:07,134 --> 00:13:12,182
as data in favour of
the truth of Christian doctrine.

323
00:13:12,226 --> 00:13:14,315
I've spent a lot of time
on meditation retreats,

324
00:13:14,358 --> 00:13:15,446
and, you know,
I was meditating

325
00:13:15,490 --> 00:13:16,665
and having this kind of

326
00:13:16,708 --> 00:13:19,146
classically self-transcending
experience

327
00:13:19,189 --> 00:13:22,149
where Jesus had
supposedly delivered

328
00:13:22,192 --> 00:13:24,499
the Sermon on the Mount,
by the Sea of Galilee.

329
00:13:24,542 --> 00:13:27,284
If I had been a Christian
having that experience there,

330
00:13:27,328 --> 00:13:29,939
I would've interpreted it
as data, you know,

331
00:13:29,983 --> 00:13:32,463
confirming the truth
of Christian doctrine

332
00:13:32,507 --> 00:13:33,856
but because I'm not a Christian,

333
00:13:33,900 --> 00:13:35,553
there's no temptation
to do that, right?

334
00:13:35,597 --> 00:13:36,990
I know that this is something

335
00:13:37,033 --> 00:13:39,993
that is the kind of experience
I can have anywhere.

336
00:13:40,036 --> 00:13:41,864
Doesn't have to be
at the Sea of Galilee, right?

337
00:13:41,908 --> 00:13:44,649
It's just a matter
of paying close enough attention

338
00:13:44,693 --> 00:13:47,174
to the nature of consciousness.

339
00:13:47,217 --> 00:13:50,133
It can't be a matter of

340
00:13:50,177 --> 00:13:52,527
Buddhism or Christianity
or Hinduism

341
00:13:52,570 --> 00:13:54,834
being the only true religion,

342
00:13:54,877 --> 00:13:57,837
because each of
these expansive experiences

343
00:13:57,880 --> 00:13:59,751
are being had in every religion

344
00:13:59,795 --> 00:14:00,883
and in no religion.

345
00:14:00,927 --> 00:14:02,363
Atheists have these experiences.

346
00:14:05,018 --> 00:14:08,064
So there has to be
a deeper layer here.

347
00:14:08,108 --> 00:14:10,066
There has to be
something universal

348
00:14:10,110 --> 00:14:12,155
about the nature
of human consciousness

349
00:14:12,199 --> 00:14:13,722
that we can come to understand

350
00:14:13,765 --> 00:14:17,117
in terms that are not merely
a matter of, you know,

351
00:14:17,160 --> 00:14:20,729
one or another
religious culture.

352
00:14:22,731 --> 00:14:24,254
[Seth]: Through the ages,

353
00:14:24,298 --> 00:14:27,257
people have reported things
like out-of-body experiences,

354
00:14:27,301 --> 00:14:29,999
that they've left their bodies
and are floating above them,

355
00:14:30,043 --> 00:14:31,958
and even floating
around the town or the city

356
00:14:32,001 --> 00:14:33,437
or the landscape,

357
00:14:33,481 --> 00:14:35,744
and some point they come back
into their bodies again.

358
00:14:35,787 --> 00:14:37,398
These experiences happen.

359
00:14:37,441 --> 00:14:38,921
There's absolutely no reason
to deny

360
00:14:38,965 --> 00:14:41,358
that people have experiences
like that.

361
00:14:41,402 --> 00:14:44,361
But then the explanations
that are often offered

362
00:14:44,405 --> 00:14:45,710
for these sorts of experiences,

363
00:14:45,754 --> 00:14:48,148
we should be
more skeptical about,

364
00:14:48,191 --> 00:14:49,976
so it's not the case

365
00:14:50,019 --> 00:14:53,544
that there's an immaterial soul
that leaves the body

366
00:14:53,588 --> 00:14:55,285
through the ears
or through the top of the head

367
00:14:55,329 --> 00:14:56,634
and goes flying around.

368
00:14:56,678 --> 00:15:00,203
There's a danger to dismiss
the experience

369
00:15:00,247 --> 00:15:01,944
along with
that kind of explanation.

370
00:15:01,988 --> 00:15:03,293
I think that would be a mistake,

371
00:15:03,337 --> 00:15:05,034
and so what we should do instead

372
00:15:05,078 --> 00:15:08,211
is to figure out
what in the brain

373
00:15:08,255 --> 00:15:13,390
would generate the experience
of being outside one's body,

374
00:15:13,434 --> 00:15:16,741
and the conditions under which
that might happen,

375
00:15:16,785 --> 00:15:18,613
and some researchers
are beginning to find out

376
00:15:18,656 --> 00:15:20,267
some very interesting things
about this.

377
00:15:20,310 --> 00:15:21,746
There are particular
parts of the brain

378
00:15:21,790 --> 00:15:23,183
that are implicated

379
00:15:23,226 --> 00:15:25,925
in locating the first-person
perspective in space.

380
00:15:25,968 --> 00:15:29,145
I think of consciousness
as a material phenomenon.

381
00:15:32,279 --> 00:15:35,847
[♪♪♪]

382
00:15:38,111 --> 00:15:41,288
God loves us.

383
00:15:41,331 --> 00:15:45,466
He sent His only son to forgive
the sins of this world.

384
00:15:45,509 --> 00:15:47,772
[Patrick]:
After the meditation session,

385
00:15:47,816 --> 00:15:49,470
then we get up
and we do this thing

386
00:15:49,513 --> 00:15:51,428
called
the "Stations of the Cross."

387
00:15:51,472 --> 00:15:52,995
You walk along the hallway,

388
00:15:53,039 --> 00:15:57,086
and there's all these pictures
of the crucifixion of Jesus.

389
00:15:57,130 --> 00:16:01,873
It was quite
an emotional experience.

390
00:16:01,917 --> 00:16:04,485
Man is a wretched sinner...

391
00:16:04,528 --> 00:16:07,792
yet our Father still loves us.

392
00:16:07,836 --> 00:16:11,796
Why is there so much strife
and unhappiness in the world?

393
00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:14,843
Why are you unfulfilled?

394
00:16:16,062 --> 00:16:17,585
[Janssen]:
I think from time immemorial,

395
00:16:17,628 --> 00:16:20,631
there have been Christians
who have been going on retreats.

396
00:16:20,675 --> 00:16:22,982
The interesting dynamic
of this one

397
00:16:23,025 --> 00:16:25,767
is the strong psychological
component of it.

398
00:16:27,769 --> 00:16:29,814
We want you
to look at your life

399
00:16:29,858 --> 00:16:33,731
and think about
how your life is going...

400
00:16:33,775 --> 00:16:36,996
and isn't there so much more?

401
00:16:37,039 --> 00:16:39,824
We will now listen quietly

402
00:16:39,868 --> 00:16:43,219
as we walk together through
the Stations of the Cross.

403
00:16:43,263 --> 00:16:44,742
[Janssen]:
Some of these techniques

404
00:16:44,786 --> 00:16:46,657
that are used
on the Cursillo

405
00:16:46,701 --> 00:16:50,357
are recognized techniques
by psychologists

406
00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:53,577
as ways of manipulating,

407
00:16:53,621 --> 00:16:56,798
of, um, using mind control.

408
00:16:57,842 --> 00:16:59,018
[Kathleen Taylor]:
For the first time,

409
00:16:59,061 --> 00:17:00,497
neuroscience
is getting to the stage

410
00:17:00,541 --> 00:17:03,370
where it's starting to look
as if we might understand

411
00:17:03,413 --> 00:17:07,069
the underlying brain mechanisms
of what's going on,

412
00:17:07,113 --> 00:17:08,114
for example,

413
00:17:08,157 --> 00:17:10,029
when we experience
strong emotions,

414
00:17:10,072 --> 00:17:12,553
when a message is repeated
again and again

415
00:17:12,596 --> 00:17:14,424
and learned in the brain,

416
00:17:14,468 --> 00:17:17,514
when uncertainty
and cognitive dissonance

417
00:17:17,558 --> 00:17:20,909
challenge our ideas about
what we thought we believed,

418
00:17:20,952 --> 00:17:22,389
and when we're isolated

419
00:17:22,432 --> 00:17:25,392
and our environment
is controlled.

420
00:17:26,741 --> 00:17:29,048
People are isolated
on this weekend retreat

421
00:17:29,091 --> 00:17:32,051
largely to take them away

422
00:17:32,094 --> 00:17:34,662
from their
normal support systems

423
00:17:34,705 --> 00:17:37,273
that continue to reaffirm
their identity,

424
00:17:37,317 --> 00:17:40,929
allowing people
to make commitments or decisions

425
00:17:40,972 --> 00:17:43,540
that they probably won't keep
or wouldn't make

426
00:17:43,584 --> 00:17:44,889
in another context

427
00:17:44,933 --> 00:17:47,240
because they're isolated.

428
00:17:47,283 --> 00:17:48,545
[Taylor]:
Once you've isolated people,

429
00:17:48,589 --> 00:17:51,722
the next step
is to control their environment.

430
00:17:51,766 --> 00:17:53,202
By doing that,

431
00:17:53,246 --> 00:17:55,726
you're controlling
what goes into the brain.

432
00:17:55,770 --> 00:17:58,990
[Janssen]: Giving up control
is another part of the weekend

433
00:17:59,034 --> 00:18:01,428
where you do not know
day or night.

434
00:18:01,471 --> 00:18:03,734
No one tells you
what's coming.

435
00:18:03,778 --> 00:18:06,911
The event itself prides itself

436
00:18:06,955 --> 00:18:09,088
on its quote-unquote
"surprises."

437
00:18:09,131 --> 00:18:11,829
By "surprises,"
they should say

438
00:18:11,873 --> 00:18:17,008
"very intense psychological
shocks to your system."

439
00:18:17,052 --> 00:18:21,274
Every minute of the weekend
is programmed.

440
00:18:21,317 --> 00:18:25,756
It is following
a very carefully written script.

441
00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:29,151
All of the leaders
know what the script is,

442
00:18:29,195 --> 00:18:33,460
so they're completely in control
for those 72 hours.

443
00:18:35,897 --> 00:18:37,377
[Taylor]:
The third thing you do is

444
00:18:37,420 --> 00:18:39,814
you have to weaken the beliefs
that they come in with,

445
00:18:39,857 --> 00:18:42,686
and you do that
by using uncertainty.

446
00:18:42,730 --> 00:18:46,212
[Patrick]: I remember
I went back to my bunk,

447
00:18:46,255 --> 00:18:47,648
and my bed had been made,

448
00:18:47,691 --> 00:18:50,607
and there was a little Bible
sitting there on my bed,

449
00:18:50,651 --> 00:18:51,782
and it was like,

450
00:18:51,826 --> 00:18:54,045
"Who put this stuff here?
Who did this?"

451
00:18:54,089 --> 00:18:57,527
You're constantly
in this state

452
00:18:57,571 --> 00:19:00,617
of really not knowing
what's going to happen next.

453
00:19:00,661 --> 00:19:03,620
[Janssen]: The uncertainty
is counteracted by the fact

454
00:19:03,664 --> 00:19:06,493
that the leaders
are absolutely certain,

455
00:19:06,536 --> 00:19:09,452
so whatever sense
that you are feeling

456
00:19:09,496 --> 00:19:12,977
of, "Boy, I don't know
about myself anymore..."

457
00:19:13,021 --> 00:19:15,502
well, these people are
coming across as they know,

458
00:19:15,545 --> 00:19:17,156
and they know about themselves,

459
00:19:17,199 --> 00:19:18,896
and they know
what you should do as well.

460
00:19:18,940 --> 00:19:22,900
This book is the rock

461
00:19:22,944 --> 00:19:25,990
that the Church itself
is built upon.

462
00:19:26,034 --> 00:19:28,515
It is God's word.

463
00:19:29,864 --> 00:19:31,822
[Janssen]: We live in
a very complicated world,

464
00:19:31,866 --> 00:19:34,564
and there are
complicated dynamics,

465
00:19:34,608 --> 00:19:36,000
and a lot of times,

466
00:19:36,044 --> 00:19:37,915
we can get overloaded
with the lack of simplicity.

467
00:19:37,959 --> 00:19:42,181
When you read from the Bible...

468
00:19:42,224 --> 00:19:44,748
you read a message
from God Himself.

469
00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:48,012
When the Bible speaks,

470
00:19:48,056 --> 00:19:50,058
God speaks.

471
00:19:50,101 --> 00:19:53,061
And when people
start offering,

472
00:19:53,104 --> 00:19:55,716
in a repeated way,
simple answers,

473
00:19:55,759 --> 00:19:58,893
we really tend to want
to gravitate toward that.

474
00:19:58,936 --> 00:20:01,591
[Snow]:
This is what we believe.

475
00:20:01,635 --> 00:20:04,681
This is why we are Christians.

476
00:20:04,725 --> 00:20:06,814
[Taylor]: And it doesn't
actually take very much

477
00:20:06,857 --> 00:20:10,557
of that kind of dreadful,
grinding repetition

478
00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:13,081
to really drum in
a new message.

479
00:20:13,124 --> 00:20:14,778
So repetition is very important.

480
00:20:15,823 --> 00:20:17,433
Praise be to God.

481
00:20:17,477 --> 00:20:19,348
[teens]:
Praise be to God.

482
00:20:19,392 --> 00:20:22,569
[Janssen]: Psychologists
have clearly noted

483
00:20:22,612 --> 00:20:25,267
that you will slip into
a state of suggestibility,

484
00:20:25,311 --> 00:20:26,790
a hypnotic state,

485
00:20:26,834 --> 00:20:29,097
by constant repetition,
repetition,

486
00:20:29,140 --> 00:20:30,577
repetitious movement,

487
00:20:30,620 --> 00:20:33,232
uh, dancing,

488
00:20:33,275 --> 00:20:35,886
um, clapping, chanting.

489
00:20:35,930 --> 00:20:39,107
[chanting]

490
00:20:40,282 --> 00:20:42,893
[chanting]

491
00:20:45,505 --> 00:20:49,465
[singing]

492
00:20:52,512 --> 00:20:55,428
[Dennett]: One of my favourite
features of religion

493
00:20:55,471 --> 00:21:00,607
is unison chanting,
unison singing, unison rituals.

494
00:21:00,650 --> 00:21:03,479
You can have
a religious community

495
00:21:03,523 --> 00:21:05,438
where there's, say...

496
00:21:05,481 --> 00:21:08,963
uh, a five-minute chant
or song.

497
00:21:09,006 --> 00:21:12,271
♪ Jump for Jesus

498
00:21:12,314 --> 00:21:15,099
♪ Raise your hands up high

499
00:21:15,143 --> 00:21:17,406
[Dennett]: And if you ask
individuals in a group

500
00:21:17,450 --> 00:21:20,583
to do the whole thing solo,
they couldn't do it.

501
00:21:20,627 --> 00:21:23,107
Put 'em all together in a group,
they'll do it perfectly,

502
00:21:23,151 --> 00:21:25,414
because they'll drop out
when they don't remember,

503
00:21:25,458 --> 00:21:28,112
and so you get
this group memory.

504
00:21:28,156 --> 00:21:29,288
Very powerful,

505
00:21:29,331 --> 00:21:32,291
and it doesn't just
preserve the text.

506
00:21:32,334 --> 00:21:35,598
It enhances collaboration

507
00:21:35,642 --> 00:21:38,122
and paying attention
to what your neighbour's doing,

508
00:21:38,166 --> 00:21:40,168
sort of almost subliminally,

509
00:21:40,211 --> 00:21:44,781
and that creates
a good group adhesion,

510
00:21:44,825 --> 00:21:47,567
good allegiance.

511
00:21:47,610 --> 00:21:49,612
So there are many features
of religion

512
00:21:49,656 --> 00:21:51,614
that, if you think of them

513
00:21:51,658 --> 00:21:53,486
in these sort of
engineering terms,

514
00:21:53,529 --> 00:21:55,270
make really good sense.

515
00:21:55,314 --> 00:21:58,404
It wasn't
that clever ritual designers

516
00:21:58,447 --> 00:22:00,275
figured this out, said,

517
00:22:00,319 --> 00:22:02,408
"We've got to have
this group chanting."

518
00:22:02,451 --> 00:22:04,366
No, no.

519
00:22:04,410 --> 00:22:07,064
It's that groups that had it
survived,

520
00:22:07,108 --> 00:22:08,936
and those that didn't,
didn't.

521
00:22:10,024 --> 00:22:11,721
[Harris]:
Many people have speculated

522
00:22:11,765 --> 00:22:14,158
that there are
evolutionary forces

523
00:22:14,202 --> 00:22:16,726
that have given us religion
as it is,

524
00:22:16,770 --> 00:22:19,599
that there's a so-called
group selection advantage

525
00:22:19,642 --> 00:22:21,383
to being religious,

526
00:22:21,427 --> 00:22:22,819
and otherwise,

527
00:22:22,863 --> 00:22:25,169
we wouldn't see this
as a kind of cultural universal.

528
00:22:25,213 --> 00:22:27,215
I think the jury
is still out on this.

529
00:22:27,258 --> 00:22:28,347
I think group selection

530
00:22:28,390 --> 00:22:30,349
is certainly
a controversial idea

531
00:22:30,392 --> 00:22:32,046
in evolutionary biology,

532
00:22:32,089 --> 00:22:33,395
and there are other ways

533
00:22:33,439 --> 00:22:36,050
to explain
religious superstition and taboo

534
00:22:36,093 --> 00:22:39,662
as a kind of
cultural universal.

535
00:22:39,706 --> 00:22:42,665
[Patrick]: So we said the rosary
just about every night,

536
00:22:42,709 --> 00:22:44,667
as I recall.

537
00:22:44,711 --> 00:22:48,367
I can remember the kids
all getting home from school.

538
00:22:48,410 --> 00:22:50,499
James, Susan, and Dean

539
00:22:50,543 --> 00:22:52,283
really didn't
have to say the rosary

540
00:22:52,327 --> 00:22:53,502
because they were too young,

541
00:22:53,546 --> 00:22:57,288
and we all got down
on kitchen chairs

542
00:22:57,332 --> 00:22:59,334
and read through the rosary.

543
00:23:01,031 --> 00:23:03,947
I think
the reason we said the rosary

544
00:23:03,991 --> 00:23:05,688
and said prayers

545
00:23:05,732 --> 00:23:08,865
was because somewhere there
in my life,

546
00:23:08,909 --> 00:23:11,215
I knew,

547
00:23:11,259 --> 00:23:15,219
"the family who prays together
stays together,"

548
00:23:15,263 --> 00:23:18,875
and I...
maybe for my own benefit

549
00:23:18,919 --> 00:23:21,312
that I didn't walk out
the door,

550
00:23:21,356 --> 00:23:23,227
we said the rosary.

551
00:23:23,271 --> 00:23:25,186
[♪♪♪]

552
00:23:39,287 --> 00:23:42,290
[♪♪♪]

553
00:23:58,698 --> 00:24:00,090
[Patrick]:
I've been keeping bees

554
00:24:00,134 --> 00:24:01,483
for about 12 years now.

555
00:24:01,527 --> 00:24:04,355
Honeybees are in trouble
these days,

556
00:24:04,399 --> 00:24:06,575
and hobby beekeepers
are actually important

557
00:24:06,619 --> 00:24:08,272
for the survival of these bees.

558
00:24:08,316 --> 00:24:11,101
Also, the honey isn't too bad.
[chuckles]

559
00:24:11,145 --> 00:24:14,017
I get about
25 litres of honey per hive.

560
00:24:15,062 --> 00:24:18,500
It's a pretty amazing feeling
when I start working with bees.

561
00:24:18,544 --> 00:24:20,459
I lose all track of time.

562
00:24:20,502 --> 00:24:21,634
It really gives me

563
00:24:21,677 --> 00:24:24,201
an incredible sense
of accomplishment,

564
00:24:24,245 --> 00:24:25,986
but also, it's...
it's a mystery.

565
00:24:29,163 --> 00:24:30,512
I suddenly realize

566
00:24:30,556 --> 00:24:34,473
this is an incredible work
of Mother Nature.

567
00:24:37,345 --> 00:24:39,129
One thing I remember
when I was young,

568
00:24:39,173 --> 00:24:41,610
probably six, seven years old,

569
00:24:41,654 --> 00:24:44,178
I had questions for my mom
and dad all the time.

570
00:24:44,221 --> 00:24:47,355
I was like, you know,
"Why is the sun so hot?"

571
00:24:47,398 --> 00:24:49,139
"Where did we all come from?"

572
00:24:49,183 --> 00:24:50,880
"What is everything made of?"

573
00:24:50,924 --> 00:24:53,535
And finally my mom bought me
this science book,

574
00:24:53,579 --> 00:24:55,015
and it answered
a lot of the questions

575
00:24:55,058 --> 00:24:59,541
that I'd been asking
for all these years.

576
00:24:59,585 --> 00:25:01,804
There was this picture
of Albert Einstein,

577
00:25:01,848 --> 00:25:03,502
and I'll never forget

578
00:25:03,545 --> 00:25:06,983
because he seemed to understand
how the natural world worked,

579
00:25:07,027 --> 00:25:10,683
so he really became my hero
in a lot of ways.

580
00:25:10,726 --> 00:25:13,381
But then somebody said,

581
00:25:13,424 --> 00:25:15,862
"Albert Einstein
doesn't believe in God,"

582
00:25:15,905 --> 00:25:18,734
and for me,
that was a shock.

583
00:25:18,778 --> 00:25:22,433
The thought of no God
had never even occurred to me,

584
00:25:22,477 --> 00:25:25,915
so that was the first time
when I realized, "Wow.

585
00:25:25,959 --> 00:25:30,398
There's this conflict
between science and religion."

586
00:25:33,444 --> 00:25:35,751
[Harris]:
It's an amazing project

587
00:25:35,795 --> 00:25:37,187
to convince a kid

588
00:25:37,231 --> 00:25:40,756
that this universe
has been structured

589
00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:42,453
by an invisible being,

590
00:25:42,497 --> 00:25:45,369
and you're gonna go to school,
and you're gonna learn science,

591
00:25:45,413 --> 00:25:47,197
and all of this
is going to be set

592
00:25:47,241 --> 00:25:50,853
in increasing tension
and opposition

593
00:25:50,897 --> 00:25:53,595
with these other beliefs

594
00:25:53,639 --> 00:25:56,685
that we've given you
as early as anything else

595
00:25:56,729 --> 00:26:00,602
that now no longer square
with what you're coming to know,

596
00:26:00,646 --> 00:26:04,780
and you have to resolve
this incompatibility some way,

597
00:26:04,824 --> 00:26:06,913
uh, and if you resolve it
the wrong way,

598
00:26:06,956 --> 00:26:08,567
you're gonna burn in fire.

599
00:26:09,742 --> 00:26:11,613
[Bruce]: What do you know?

600
00:26:11,657 --> 00:26:14,442
I mean, really know?

601
00:26:14,485 --> 00:26:18,620
What we know may be based
on shifting sands.

602
00:26:18,664 --> 00:26:20,579
Man has a feeble mind.

603
00:26:21,754 --> 00:26:23,407
God's love
and God's power

604
00:26:23,451 --> 00:26:26,759
is something that we really know
because we can feel it.

605
00:26:26,802 --> 00:26:28,195
Right?

606
00:26:29,370 --> 00:26:32,155
Agnosticism has to do
with what you know.

607
00:26:32,199 --> 00:26:34,505
It comes from a Greek word
"not knowing."

608
00:26:34,549 --> 00:26:39,162
If someone were to ask...
someone were to ask me,

609
00:26:39,206 --> 00:26:42,339
"Is there a superior being
in the universe?"

610
00:26:42,383 --> 00:26:44,428
I'd say, "I don't know.
How can I know?"

611
00:26:44,472 --> 00:26:46,735
So I'm agnostic
when it comes to what I know.

612
00:26:46,779 --> 00:26:48,345
When it comes
to what I believe,

613
00:26:48,389 --> 00:26:49,782
"Do you believe
there's a superior being

614
00:26:49,825 --> 00:26:50,870
in the universe?"

615
00:26:50,913 --> 00:26:52,741
"No, I don't.
I absolutely don't."

616
00:26:52,785 --> 00:26:55,265
And so,
atheism is about belief,

617
00:26:55,309 --> 00:26:57,311
and agnosticism
is about knowledge,

618
00:26:57,354 --> 00:26:59,618
and I'm both an agnostic
and an atheist.

619
00:27:06,233 --> 00:27:10,846
Today, we're going
to talk about creation.

620
00:27:10,890 --> 00:27:13,806
It has been suggested
that creation myths

621
00:27:13,849 --> 00:27:18,506
might have some sort of
advantage in social cohesion.

622
00:27:18,549 --> 00:27:21,161
You identify your tribe
as the one

623
00:27:21,204 --> 00:27:24,164
that has this particular
creation myth.

624
00:27:24,207 --> 00:27:25,948
Um, or I suppose creation myths

625
00:27:25,992 --> 00:27:28,211
could be just a kind of
psychological by-product

626
00:27:28,255 --> 00:27:30,083
of the desire to understand.

627
00:27:30,126 --> 00:27:33,477
[Harris]: The ground
upon which religion is standing

628
00:27:33,521 --> 00:27:34,827
continues to shrink, right?

629
00:27:34,870 --> 00:27:36,132
So it used to be

630
00:27:36,176 --> 00:27:38,395
that we didn't know anything
about anything,

631
00:27:38,439 --> 00:27:41,398
and yet we felt the need
to tell ourselves stories

632
00:27:41,442 --> 00:27:43,618
about, you know,
where everything came from

633
00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:45,185
and what was happening.

634
00:27:45,228 --> 00:27:46,403
[Ehrman]:
This is a world

635
00:27:46,447 --> 00:27:48,188
that was living
before the Enlightenment,

636
00:27:48,231 --> 00:27:51,408
before the development
of anything like modern science.

637
00:27:51,452 --> 00:27:53,715
The authors
of the New Testament,

638
00:27:53,759 --> 00:27:55,978
many of them appear
to have thought

639
00:27:56,022 --> 00:27:58,546
that the universe
consisted of three layers.

640
00:27:58,589 --> 00:28:01,723
There's where we are now,
here on Earth.

641
00:28:01,767 --> 00:28:05,031
Below us
is where the dead live,

642
00:28:05,074 --> 00:28:06,554
and there's a level above us.

643
00:28:06,597 --> 00:28:09,165
And when you look up,
you see the heavens,

644
00:28:09,209 --> 00:28:11,690
and they understood
that was a dome,

645
00:28:11,733 --> 00:28:14,431
and the dome had stars in it,

646
00:28:14,475 --> 00:28:18,087
and above the dome
was water,

647
00:28:18,131 --> 00:28:20,220
and above the water
was God.

648
00:28:25,878 --> 00:28:29,620
They had no idea
that we're in a solar system

649
00:28:29,664 --> 00:28:32,362
and that we're revolving
around a sun,

650
00:28:32,406 --> 00:28:33,712
and that this is one

651
00:28:33,755 --> 00:28:37,367
of a hundred billion stars
in a galaxy,

652
00:28:37,411 --> 00:28:39,195
and that there are
two trillion galaxies

653
00:28:39,239 --> 00:28:40,283
in our universe,

654
00:28:40,327 --> 00:28:41,850
and there might be
many universes.

655
00:28:41,894 --> 00:28:45,027
No conception at all
of any of that.

656
00:28:45,071 --> 00:28:46,942
It's a mistake to think

657
00:28:46,986 --> 00:28:50,685
that when they are imagining
the world,

658
00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:53,427
they're thinking
what we're thinking.

659
00:28:54,645 --> 00:28:56,473
[Dawkins]:
People enjoy stories.

660
00:28:56,517 --> 00:28:58,606
It gets handed down
from generation to generation,

661
00:28:58,649 --> 00:29:01,870
modified, perhaps improved
with the telling.

662
00:29:01,914 --> 00:29:04,177
There's no very great problem
in understanding

663
00:29:04,220 --> 00:29:07,049
why different tribes
have creation myths.

664
00:29:07,093 --> 00:29:10,270
What I suppose is significant
is that they're all different,

665
00:29:10,313 --> 00:29:11,967
and you'd expect them
to be all different.

666
00:29:12,011 --> 00:29:14,927
And there's no reason why
any tribe's creation myth

667
00:29:14,970 --> 00:29:17,277
should be regarded
as any truer than any other.

668
00:29:17,320 --> 00:29:18,495
Indeed,
none of them are true.

669
00:29:20,149 --> 00:29:22,935
Let's talk about life.

670
00:29:22,978 --> 00:29:24,806
"And God made the beasts
of the Earth

671
00:29:24,850 --> 00:29:26,329
according to its kind."

672
00:29:26,373 --> 00:29:27,853
[Harris]:
Many people won't admit

673
00:29:27,896 --> 00:29:29,811
that there's a conflict
between science and religion,

674
00:29:29,855 --> 00:29:31,595
but they will easily recognize

675
00:29:31,639 --> 00:29:32,901
there's a conflict

676
00:29:32,945 --> 00:29:34,947
between believing things
for good reasons

677
00:29:34,990 --> 00:29:36,687
and believing things
for bad reasons.

678
00:29:38,472 --> 00:29:40,343
[Dawkins]:
Evolution is a fact.

679
00:29:40,387 --> 00:29:42,432
The evidence for it is as solid

680
00:29:42,476 --> 00:29:45,827
as the evidence
that the Earth orbits the sun.

681
00:29:45,871 --> 00:29:48,830
We know that it happened
from comparative anatomy,

682
00:29:48,874 --> 00:29:50,571
from comparative
molecular biology,

683
00:29:50,614 --> 00:29:52,268
comparative biochemistry.

684
00:29:52,312 --> 00:29:54,357
Do not ever accept a belief

685
00:29:54,401 --> 00:29:57,143
on the grounds of tradition
or holy books

686
00:29:57,186 --> 00:29:58,492
or that kind of thing,

687
00:29:58,535 --> 00:30:00,146
or private revelation.

688
00:30:00,189 --> 00:30:02,801
Evidence is the only reason
to believe anything.

689
00:30:05,020 --> 00:30:08,110
[Harris]: It's not
that I have a categorical animus

690
00:30:08,154 --> 00:30:10,112
to religious claims.

691
00:30:10,156 --> 00:30:13,028
It's just that they're
so reliably put forward

692
00:30:13,072 --> 00:30:15,335
on bad evidence.

693
00:30:15,378 --> 00:30:16,510
That's why we have
this distinction

694
00:30:16,553 --> 00:30:17,859
between religion
and science.

695
00:30:17,903 --> 00:30:21,167
If Jesus showed up
on the White House lawn

696
00:30:21,210 --> 00:30:22,516
and announced himself

697
00:30:22,559 --> 00:30:25,519
and proved his divinity
with various miracles,

698
00:30:25,562 --> 00:30:28,304
which would be trivially easy
for him to do,

699
00:30:28,348 --> 00:30:29,958
I mean, he did it
the first time around...

700
00:30:30,002 --> 00:30:31,699
then belief in him

701
00:30:31,742 --> 00:30:34,310
would not be a matter
of having bad reasons.

702
00:30:34,354 --> 00:30:36,138
It would be a science.

703
00:30:36,182 --> 00:30:38,706
You know, the Christians
would be proven right.

704
00:30:43,015 --> 00:30:45,060
[Bill Nye]:
Ladies and gentlemen,

705
00:30:45,104 --> 00:30:46,801
boys and girls,

706
00:30:46,845 --> 00:30:50,718
skeptics, non-theists,

707
00:30:50,761 --> 00:30:55,984
and especially the believers
who may be here,

708
00:30:56,028 --> 00:30:57,856
as we stand before this shrine

709
00:30:57,899 --> 00:31:00,380
to one of history's

710
00:31:00,423 --> 00:31:02,425
most thoughtful
critical thinkers,

711
00:31:02,469 --> 00:31:04,166
Abraham Lincoln,

712
00:31:04,210 --> 00:31:07,474
I cannot help but feel
that we are at a critical time,

713
00:31:07,517 --> 00:31:09,519
a turning point
in the history of humankind.

714
00:31:09,563 --> 00:31:16,091
Critical thinking, reason,
and science got us here.

715
00:31:16,135 --> 00:31:18,398
[man]:
I speak against phony atheists.

716
00:31:18,441 --> 00:31:21,488
I like atheists who actually
believe that atheism is real,

717
00:31:21,531 --> 00:31:22,837
and if that's true,

718
00:31:22,881 --> 00:31:24,404
then all we are
is just a collection of elements

719
00:31:24,447 --> 00:31:25,709
on the periodic table,

720
00:31:25,753 --> 00:31:27,711
and none of the elements
on the periodic table

721
00:31:27,755 --> 00:31:30,105
can feel love
or morality or justice.

722
00:31:30,149 --> 00:31:32,673
So when they use words
like "good," "bad,"

723
00:31:32,716 --> 00:31:33,935
"evil," "moral,"

724
00:31:33,979 --> 00:31:35,719
"love," "right," or "wrong,"

725
00:31:35,763 --> 00:31:38,548
they're not being consistent
with their atheistic world view,

726
00:31:38,592 --> 00:31:41,551
so I'm here to tell them
either quit being a phony,

727
00:31:41,595 --> 00:31:43,771
either come to Christianity
where you belong,

728
00:31:43,814 --> 00:31:45,468
or really believe it.

729
00:31:45,512 --> 00:31:47,906
Be a real atheist
and actually live your life

730
00:31:47,949 --> 00:31:50,212
as if you're just
a sack of chemicals.

731
00:31:50,256 --> 00:31:51,605
Your life has no meaning.

732
00:31:51,648 --> 00:31:53,476
You start at nothing,
you end at nothing,

733
00:31:53,520 --> 00:31:56,523
and everything in between
is meaningless nothingness.

734
00:31:56,566 --> 00:31:58,394
That's what I'm looking for
out here,

735
00:31:58,438 --> 00:32:00,570
is atheists
who actually believe.

736
00:32:00,614 --> 00:32:01,658
I respect them.

737
00:32:01,702 --> 00:32:02,833
[man]:
Yeah, we gotta go, brother.

738
00:32:02,877 --> 00:32:04,923
They're gonna arrest us
if we stay here.

739
00:32:07,969 --> 00:32:10,015
[Monica]:
The Bible isn't a science book,

740
00:32:10,058 --> 00:32:14,019
yet it is
scientifically accurate.

741
00:32:15,150 --> 00:32:18,501
The Bible and the Big Bang
do not contradict each other.

742
00:32:18,545 --> 00:32:20,373
[Bruce]: Okay.

743
00:32:20,416 --> 00:32:22,462
Thank you, Monica.

744
00:32:23,463 --> 00:32:26,988
We will now break
for a silent meditation.

745
00:32:27,032 --> 00:32:29,164
We all have
a lot to think about.

746
00:32:30,296 --> 00:32:31,819
[Patrick]:
By Saturday night, you know,

747
00:32:31,862 --> 00:32:34,343
I was really starting
to feel somewhat disoriented,

748
00:32:34,387 --> 00:32:36,606
because it was just
one thing after another

749
00:32:36,650 --> 00:32:38,565
after another
after another.

750
00:32:45,050 --> 00:32:47,008
I was under a lot of pressure

751
00:32:47,052 --> 00:32:50,098
from the leaders
and everyone around me

752
00:32:50,142 --> 00:32:52,971
to make this
spiritual connection.

753
00:32:55,669 --> 00:32:57,279
[Janssen]:
Everybody was saying,

754
00:32:57,323 --> 00:32:58,541
"When I went on the Cursillo,

755
00:32:58,585 --> 00:33:01,109
it was the greatest experience
of my life."

756
00:33:01,153 --> 00:33:03,024
It reinforces this idea

757
00:33:03,068 --> 00:33:06,288
that "I'm here for a purpose,
I'm on a mission,"

758
00:33:06,332 --> 00:33:09,813
and I'm much more willing then
to participate.

759
00:33:09,857 --> 00:33:12,033
I feel peer pressure, really.

760
00:33:12,077 --> 00:33:13,513
So I better pay attention
what they're doing

761
00:33:13,556 --> 00:33:14,775
and go along with them.

762
00:33:14,818 --> 00:33:18,518
[TV host]: The gentleman
in the elevator now

763
00:33:18,561 --> 00:33:20,259
is a Candid star.

764
00:33:20,302 --> 00:33:21,564
These folks who are entering,

765
00:33:21,608 --> 00:33:22,652
the man
with the white shirt,

766
00:33:22,696 --> 00:33:24,045
the lady with the trench coat,

767
00:33:24,089 --> 00:33:27,657
and subsequently
one other member of our staff,

768
00:33:27,701 --> 00:33:29,268
will face the rear,

769
00:33:29,311 --> 00:33:32,749
and you'll see how this man
in the trench coat...

770
00:33:32,793 --> 00:33:36,231
[audience laughing]

771
00:33:36,275 --> 00:33:39,887
...tries to maintain
his individuality...

772
00:33:39,930 --> 00:33:41,845
[laughter]

773
00:33:41,889 --> 00:33:43,195
...but little by little,

774
00:33:43,238 --> 00:33:47,155
turning
just a little bit more...

775
00:33:47,199 --> 00:33:48,461
to the wall.

776
00:33:48,504 --> 00:33:51,420
It's difficult
to simply argue for the truth,

777
00:33:51,464 --> 00:33:53,596
and extremely easy
to convince people,

778
00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:55,033
"You should believe
certain things

779
00:33:55,076 --> 00:33:56,686
because then you'll be
part of the group."

780
00:33:56,730 --> 00:33:59,863
Because then you'll feel
certain emotions

781
00:33:59,907 --> 00:34:02,736
like warmth and connectedness,
and so on.

782
00:34:02,779 --> 00:34:04,216
In a way, that's what
mind control does.

783
00:34:04,259 --> 00:34:05,695
It just uses language,

784
00:34:05,739 --> 00:34:07,175
what it was actually, I think,
originally meant for,

785
00:34:07,219 --> 00:34:10,396
which is to persuade people
to be part of a group,

786
00:34:10,439 --> 00:34:12,050
not necessarily
for rational reasons,

787
00:34:12,093 --> 00:34:13,921
but simply
to be part of a group,

788
00:34:13,964 --> 00:34:16,097
because that's
what we evolved to be.

789
00:34:16,141 --> 00:34:18,708
You define a group membership,

790
00:34:18,752 --> 00:34:21,102
and you say, "If you want
to be part of this group,

791
00:34:21,146 --> 00:34:22,538
you believe these things.

792
00:34:22,582 --> 00:34:24,236
You shouldn't associate
with the other group."

793
00:34:24,279 --> 00:34:26,194
You appeal to emotion.

794
00:34:26,238 --> 00:34:27,674
That persuades people.

795
00:34:29,110 --> 00:34:30,503
[Patrick]:
When I was just lying there,

796
00:34:30,546 --> 00:34:33,288
I was really beginning
to question myself,

797
00:34:33,332 --> 00:34:35,899
"What do I really believe?"

798
00:34:35,943 --> 00:34:39,773
I realized I hadn't thought
about it that much.

799
00:34:39,816 --> 00:34:41,601
"Is this stuff
really making sense?"

800
00:34:44,169 --> 00:34:45,431
[Janssen]:
They want you to go

801
00:34:45,474 --> 00:34:48,999
into a very deep, dark,
introspective place

802
00:34:49,043 --> 00:34:51,263
where you are then
destabilized,

803
00:34:51,306 --> 00:34:52,568
questioning yourself,

804
00:34:52,612 --> 00:34:54,570
questioning everything
you believe,

805
00:34:54,614 --> 00:34:57,007
and they want you
to dwell down there.

806
00:34:57,051 --> 00:34:59,271
They want you
to really feel it deeply.

807
00:35:00,272 --> 00:35:03,101
[bell ringing]

808
00:35:03,144 --> 00:35:04,189
[Patrick]: Then suddenly,

809
00:35:04,232 --> 00:35:06,756
it seemed like
the middle of the night,

810
00:35:06,800 --> 00:35:10,325
when all of a sudden,
this bell is ringing...

811
00:35:10,369 --> 00:35:13,807
and there was this
loud Christian music playing...

812
00:35:13,850 --> 00:35:16,375
[♪♪♪]

813
00:35:18,246 --> 00:35:20,640
And I was actually
a little afraid.

814
00:35:20,683 --> 00:35:23,251
I thought maybe the school
was on fire or something,

815
00:35:23,295 --> 00:35:25,688
but they rush us
into a classroom,

816
00:35:25,732 --> 00:35:28,169
and they started talking
about the Rapture.

817
00:35:28,213 --> 00:35:31,172
They talk about Armageddon
and the end of the Earth.

818
00:35:31,216 --> 00:35:33,087
They talk about
Heaven and Hell.

819
00:35:34,219 --> 00:35:36,134
[man]: John described
"an eternal Hell,"

820
00:35:36,177 --> 00:35:39,485
the final resting place
of the unbelieving...

821
00:35:39,528 --> 00:35:42,314
where you were
in conscious torment.

822
00:35:42,357 --> 00:35:44,751
[Dawkins]: Teaching
certain ideas, such as Hell,

823
00:35:44,794 --> 00:35:47,188
can be genuinely terrifying
if you believe it,

824
00:35:47,232 --> 00:35:48,885
and many people do believe it,

825
00:35:48,929 --> 00:35:50,800
and even believe it
right into adulthood,

826
00:35:50,844 --> 00:35:52,541
right until
the moment they die.

827
00:35:52,585 --> 00:35:54,674
They remain terrified
of this ridiculous idea

828
00:35:54,717 --> 00:35:56,806
that they're taught
in childhood,

829
00:35:56,850 --> 00:35:59,069
that they'll fry in Hell.

830
00:35:59,113 --> 00:36:02,247
[Harris]: I still hear
from adults who are atheists

831
00:36:02,290 --> 00:36:04,901
but who are still trying
to shake this fear of Hell

832
00:36:04,945 --> 00:36:07,556
that had been drummed
into them by their parents.

833
00:36:09,515 --> 00:36:11,995
We need to continue
to look into ourselves

834
00:36:12,039 --> 00:36:14,389
to see how we have
failed to love others.

835
00:36:14,433 --> 00:36:16,696
Why do we only love our self?

836
00:36:16,739 --> 00:36:19,220
And how have we failed
to love God?

837
00:36:19,264 --> 00:36:20,395
It's imagined

838
00:36:20,439 --> 00:36:23,181
that there are still
some few questions

839
00:36:23,224 --> 00:36:26,749
that religion is the only
plausible authority on...

840
00:36:28,098 --> 00:36:31,754
...things like morality
and what life means,

841
00:36:31,798 --> 00:36:35,018
but more and more,
that is becoming untenable.

842
00:36:35,062 --> 00:36:38,370
I think when people
cite scriptural authority,

843
00:36:38,413 --> 00:36:39,762
one has to note

844
00:36:39,806 --> 00:36:42,200
it isn't just a matter
of interpreting the Bible.

845
00:36:42,243 --> 00:36:45,246
It's also relying on
an argument from authority.

846
00:36:45,290 --> 00:36:48,031
"Ah, well, the Bible says..."

847
00:36:48,075 --> 00:36:50,120
Or, "The Koran says..."

848
00:36:50,164 --> 00:36:51,774
A lot have travelled
down that route,

849
00:36:51,818 --> 00:36:56,518
and I think that arguments
from authority are worthless

850
00:36:56,562 --> 00:36:58,433
unless you've also
got the argument

851
00:36:58,477 --> 00:37:04,265
as to why you can rely on
that particular authority.

852
00:37:06,702 --> 00:37:07,921
[Dawkins]: The idea

853
00:37:07,964 --> 00:37:09,966
that you have to have religion
to be moral

854
00:37:10,010 --> 00:37:11,533
is a preposterous

855
00:37:11,577 --> 00:37:13,231
and actually
deeply immoral idea.

856
00:37:13,274 --> 00:37:16,712
If you've ever read the Bible
or the Koran,

857
00:37:16,756 --> 00:37:19,280
you will know that if you got
your morals from there,

858
00:37:19,324 --> 00:37:21,108
you would be
a deeply horrible person

859
00:37:21,151 --> 00:37:22,631
to be avoided.

860
00:37:22,675 --> 00:37:25,982
You would be in favour
of subjugation of women,

861
00:37:26,026 --> 00:37:27,245
you'd be in favour
of slavery,

862
00:37:27,288 --> 00:37:28,550
you'd be in favour
of the death penalty

863
00:37:28,594 --> 00:37:31,858
for trivial offenses
like breaking the Sabbath.

864
00:37:31,901 --> 00:37:34,382
The other rationale might be

865
00:37:34,426 --> 00:37:35,775
that people are moral

866
00:37:35,818 --> 00:37:40,083
only because they're frightened
of offending God,

867
00:37:40,127 --> 00:37:42,085
or they want to suck up to God.

868
00:37:42,129 --> 00:37:46,176
The idea of the great
spy camera in the sky

869
00:37:46,220 --> 00:37:47,569
that's looking
at everything you do

870
00:37:47,613 --> 00:37:49,267
and even reading your thoughts,

871
00:37:49,310 --> 00:37:50,833
so that if it wasn't for that,

872
00:37:50,877 --> 00:37:53,314
you would do
all sorts of wicked things,

873
00:37:53,358 --> 00:37:57,187
and it's only the fact
that you are policed by God

874
00:37:57,231 --> 00:37:59,320
that leads you
to do good things.

875
00:37:59,364 --> 00:38:02,628
What a deeply immoral reason
for being moral.

876
00:38:02,671 --> 00:38:05,631
Our ethical views today
are a long way

877
00:38:05,674 --> 00:38:07,633
from what they were
a few thousand years ago.

878
00:38:07,676 --> 00:38:11,463
Nobody today would live
with Old Testament ethics.

879
00:38:11,506 --> 00:38:13,203
It's barbaric.

880
00:38:13,247 --> 00:38:17,338
Uh... were the churches
responsible for the changes?

881
00:38:17,382 --> 00:38:19,514
No. They were
dragging their feet.

882
00:38:19,558 --> 00:38:26,478
It was secular, political,
educated communities

883
00:38:26,521 --> 00:38:30,830
of people talking together
and persuading each other

884
00:38:30,873 --> 00:38:32,875
that there were better ways
of doing things.

885
00:38:32,919 --> 00:38:35,878
This has been
one of the triumphs

886
00:38:35,922 --> 00:38:39,317
of enlightened, reasonable,
informed thought

887
00:38:39,360 --> 00:38:41,797
over the last
few thousand years,

888
00:38:41,841 --> 00:38:45,888
and so
I think it's demonstrable

889
00:38:45,932 --> 00:38:51,938
that religion has played
largely a regressive effect

890
00:38:51,981 --> 00:38:56,203
on the improvement
of human morality.

891
00:38:56,246 --> 00:38:58,205
[Bruce]:
We're to break for one hour

892
00:38:58,248 --> 00:39:00,381
of silent meditation
and contemplation.

893
00:39:00,425 --> 00:39:03,341
Please observe
complete silence,

894
00:39:03,384 --> 00:39:06,126
and we'll meet back here
when the bell rings.

895
00:39:07,388 --> 00:39:09,912
[Patrick]: They wanted us
to make a decision.

896
00:39:09,956 --> 00:39:12,698
Are we going to commit
to this new life,

897
00:39:12,741 --> 00:39:16,571
or were we going to go back
and revert to our old ways?

898
00:39:19,313 --> 00:39:21,663
Let's pour you
some tea here first,

899
00:39:21,707 --> 00:39:22,838
if I can,

900
00:39:22,882 --> 00:39:24,362
without pouring it
all over the place.

901
00:39:24,405 --> 00:39:26,755
Do you want a little
honey in your tea?

902
00:39:26,799 --> 00:39:27,800
No, thank you.

903
00:39:27,843 --> 00:39:29,323
This is honey
from my hive, Mom.

904
00:39:29,367 --> 00:39:30,368
Too bad.

905
00:39:30,411 --> 00:39:32,021
You don't want any?
Oh, geez.

906
00:39:32,065 --> 00:39:34,589
No. I've never drank
tea with sugar or...

907
00:39:34,633 --> 00:39:36,243
You don't put milk
in it either, do you?

908
00:39:36,286 --> 00:39:37,549
No.

909
00:39:37,592 --> 00:39:39,289
Why don't we just talk
a little bit about...

910
00:39:40,465 --> 00:39:41,683
...when you were
growing up?

911
00:39:41,727 --> 00:39:43,598
I mean, how religious
was Grandma and Grandpa?

912
00:39:43,642 --> 00:39:45,295
Like, Grandpa wasn't
religious, was he?

913
00:39:45,339 --> 00:39:46,558
No. No.

914
00:39:48,429 --> 00:39:53,086
Well, my mom saw herself
as an Irish Catholic,

915
00:39:53,129 --> 00:39:55,741
very traditional.

916
00:39:55,784 --> 00:39:57,612
Well, she really wanted,
I think,

917
00:39:57,656 --> 00:40:00,572
to raise us
as good Catholics.

918
00:40:00,615 --> 00:40:01,964
When I was five,

919
00:40:02,008 --> 00:40:04,706
I went
and made my first communion.

920
00:40:04,750 --> 00:40:05,881
Do you
remember that?

921
00:40:05,925 --> 00:40:07,056
Oh, God, yes!

922
00:40:07,100 --> 00:40:09,058
Because to make
your first confession,

923
00:40:09,102 --> 00:40:12,453
you needed to know
what your sins were.

924
00:40:12,497 --> 00:40:13,541
Right.

925
00:40:13,585 --> 00:40:15,630
And I started
to manufacture sins.

926
00:40:15,674 --> 00:40:17,719
Like, "Should have
I said that?"

927
00:40:17,763 --> 00:40:19,329
Or "Should have
I thought that?"

928
00:40:19,373 --> 00:40:21,157
Or "Was that an impure thought?"

929
00:40:21,201 --> 00:40:22,028
Right.

930
00:40:22,071 --> 00:40:23,551
...over everything.

931
00:40:23,595 --> 00:40:25,118
Did you, like,
I mean, as a kid,

932
00:40:25,161 --> 00:40:27,860
did you believe that God
could hear your thoughts?

933
00:40:27,903 --> 00:40:29,252
Probably.

934
00:40:29,296 --> 00:40:32,952
I don't think I ever
really had the concept of...

935
00:40:32,995 --> 00:40:34,606
uh...

936
00:40:34,649 --> 00:40:37,652
...the love
and fear of God,

937
00:40:37,696 --> 00:40:39,480
because the "fear" part

938
00:40:39,524 --> 00:40:41,482
kind of throws off
your "love" part.

939
00:40:41,526 --> 00:40:42,918
You know what I mean?
-[laughs] Yeah.

940
00:40:42,962 --> 00:40:46,269
You know?
Anyway, when I was nine,

941
00:40:46,313 --> 00:40:49,925
I went to 13 First Fridays
in a row

942
00:40:49,969 --> 00:40:53,451
because that was a clear path
to Heaven.

943
00:40:53,494 --> 00:40:55,148
I never had to worry
about that again.

944
00:40:55,191 --> 00:40:56,279
Well, those were...

945
00:40:56,323 --> 00:40:59,282
Sin, or whatever you did
in your life,

946
00:40:59,326 --> 00:41:02,068
you were guaranteed Heaven.

947
00:41:02,111 --> 00:41:04,026
So that was kind of
your ticket to Heaven,

948
00:41:04,070 --> 00:41:06,289
and then it didn't matter
what you did after that.

949
00:41:06,333 --> 00:41:09,510
The day that I got
our 13th time,

950
00:41:09,554 --> 00:41:12,208
we went over

951
00:41:12,252 --> 00:41:14,472
to the Daylight Theatre
in Saskatoon

952
00:41:14,515 --> 00:41:16,299
and snuck in somehow

953
00:41:16,343 --> 00:41:19,389
to a condemned movie
called "Dragonwyck."

954
00:41:19,433 --> 00:41:20,478
Yes?

955
00:41:20,521 --> 00:41:22,392
-Condemned by the Church.
-Oh!

956
00:41:22,436 --> 00:41:24,525
Because we had it made,
we were in Heaven forever.

957
00:41:24,569 --> 00:41:26,309
You bought your golden
ticket, or whatever.

958
00:41:26,353 --> 00:41:28,486
Yeah. Yeah, yeah.

959
00:41:28,529 --> 00:41:30,531
Even if you think
you're a compassionate person

960
00:41:30,575 --> 00:41:32,664
whose job is just to spread love
in this world,

961
00:41:32,707 --> 00:41:33,969
if you believe in Paradise,

962
00:41:34,013 --> 00:41:35,971
really believe
in Paradise,

963
00:41:36,015 --> 00:41:39,061
well, then,
any real world concern

964
00:41:39,105 --> 00:41:40,889
that seems not to...

965
00:41:40,933 --> 00:41:43,936
I mean, it must count as nothing
compared to Paradise. Right?

966
00:41:43,979 --> 00:41:46,242
Like, what could
nuclear war mean

967
00:41:46,286 --> 00:41:49,855
if the good people go to Heaven
and the bad people go to Hell,

968
00:41:49,898 --> 00:41:51,334
and God wants it that way?

969
00:41:51,378 --> 00:41:56,383
This is something you see
with Muslim suicide bombers.

970
00:41:56,426 --> 00:41:58,167
[explosion]

971
00:41:58,211 --> 00:42:00,648
It is impossible for them
to kill the wrong people

972
00:42:00,692 --> 00:42:03,390
because the good Muslims
that they kill inadvertently

973
00:42:03,433 --> 00:42:04,478
go to Paradise,

974
00:42:04,522 --> 00:42:05,871
and they're gonna
thank them for it.

975
00:42:05,914 --> 00:42:08,003
The bad people go to Hell,
where God wants them.

976
00:42:08,047 --> 00:42:09,744
There is no downside.

977
00:42:09,788 --> 00:42:13,400
Everything works out
the way God intends it.

978
00:42:15,402 --> 00:42:18,536
This is a very common intuition
which I have never understood,

979
00:42:18,579 --> 00:42:20,581
and you hear of this from
religious people all the time,

980
00:42:20,625 --> 00:42:23,236
which is, "If there's
nothing after death,

981
00:42:23,279 --> 00:42:25,412
then what's the point?"

982
00:42:25,455 --> 00:42:27,283
Like, why not just
start killing and raping

983
00:42:27,327 --> 00:42:29,024
and let's just all die
tomorrow, right?

984
00:42:29,068 --> 00:42:33,420
Like, the only thing that could
make this circumstance precious

985
00:42:33,463 --> 00:42:36,075
is that it never end.

986
00:42:37,816 --> 00:42:40,688
Now, that's the opposite
of the intuition I have,

987
00:42:40,732 --> 00:42:42,603
which is one of the things

988
00:42:42,647 --> 00:42:44,562
that makes this
incredibly precious

989
00:42:44,605 --> 00:42:45,737
is that it ends.

990
00:42:47,260 --> 00:42:50,306
This is the only situation
you can be sure of.

991
00:42:50,350 --> 00:42:52,700
You can't know
what happens after death.

992
00:42:52,744 --> 00:42:54,746
Certainly there's no reason
to be confident

993
00:42:54,789 --> 00:42:57,487
that you get everything you want
after you die.

994
00:42:58,837 --> 00:43:00,882
This is the opportunity
to make the most of, right?

995
00:43:00,926 --> 00:43:04,407
This is the only opportunity
for beauty and creativity

996
00:43:04,451 --> 00:43:06,279
and love
you know you have.

997
00:43:08,760 --> 00:43:10,718
[Seth]:
The experience of being a self

998
00:43:10,762 --> 00:43:11,980
seems so continuous,

999
00:43:12,024 --> 00:43:13,329
seems so unified,

1000
00:43:13,373 --> 00:43:14,983
and seems so central to us

1001
00:43:15,027 --> 00:43:16,985
that it's really, really
very difficult

1002
00:43:17,029 --> 00:43:19,292
to appreciate
that it's also a perception,

1003
00:43:19,335 --> 00:43:22,904
that it's also a construction
that's generated by the brain.

1004
00:43:22,948 --> 00:43:25,951
Of course, this is why people,
from time immemorial,

1005
00:43:25,994 --> 00:43:28,954
have thought in terms
of concepts of soul.

1006
00:43:28,997 --> 00:43:31,652
At one time, people
even tried to find evidence

1007
00:43:31,696 --> 00:43:33,262
for the existence of the soul

1008
00:43:33,306 --> 00:43:36,265
by measuring people
as they died.

1009
00:43:36,309 --> 00:43:39,094
The Scottish surgeon MacDougall

1010
00:43:39,138 --> 00:43:42,097
was very famous at one time
for weighing people,

1011
00:43:42,141 --> 00:43:44,926
and he noticed this change
of 21 grams

1012
00:43:44,970 --> 00:43:47,494
that apparently happened
at the very moment of death,

1013
00:43:47,537 --> 00:43:49,496
and so that became
the weight of the soul,

1014
00:43:49,539 --> 00:43:50,758
21 grams,

1015
00:43:50,802 --> 00:43:52,455
and he also did experiments
on dogs

1016
00:43:52,499 --> 00:43:54,327
and found they didn't
change their weight

1017
00:43:54,370 --> 00:43:55,502
as they died,

1018
00:43:55,545 --> 00:43:57,112
and that made perfect sense
to him,

1019
00:43:57,156 --> 00:43:58,548
because, of course,
in that view,

1020
00:43:58,592 --> 00:44:00,942
in his world view,
dogs didn't have souls,

1021
00:44:00,986 --> 00:44:02,770
and it made sense
that only humans did.

1022
00:44:02,814 --> 00:44:05,120
Now, that experiment
didn't stand up.

1023
00:44:05,164 --> 00:44:07,993
People did try to replicate it
and completely failed,

1024
00:44:08,036 --> 00:44:10,125
but of course,
it's the wrong thing to do.

1025
00:44:10,169 --> 00:44:14,390
There is no reason to think
there's an immaterial soul

1026
00:44:14,434 --> 00:44:18,525
that leaves our body
at the moment of death.

1027
00:44:20,875 --> 00:44:22,747
[Harris]: The difference between
thinking about consciousness

1028
00:44:22,790 --> 00:44:25,140
and thinking about spirit
or soul

1029
00:44:25,184 --> 00:44:27,882
is that,
in the latter case,

1030
00:44:27,926 --> 00:44:31,886
you are making a claim
about an underlying dualism.

1031
00:44:31,930 --> 00:44:33,540
The religious idea

1032
00:44:33,583 --> 00:44:36,586
is that this thing we experience
as consciousness in ourselves,

1033
00:44:36,630 --> 00:44:39,459
the fact that
it's like something to be us,

1034
00:44:39,502 --> 00:44:41,069
it is...

1035
00:44:41,113 --> 00:44:43,071
a property of a person

1036
00:44:43,115 --> 00:44:45,944
that can lift off the brain
at death and go elsewhere.

1037
00:44:50,557 --> 00:44:55,170
That is a picture
of mind and matter

1038
00:44:55,214 --> 00:44:58,434
that has very little
justification at this point.

1039
00:44:58,478 --> 00:44:59,740
It's not
that it's impossible.

1040
00:44:59,784 --> 00:45:01,742
It's not that we know
that it can't be true.

1041
00:45:01,786 --> 00:45:03,439
We haven't proven it
to be false,

1042
00:45:03,483 --> 00:45:05,746
but there's very good reason
to be suspicious

1043
00:45:05,790 --> 00:45:09,881
of that picture
of what a conscious mind is.

1044
00:45:10,882 --> 00:45:13,580
[♪♪♪]

1045
00:45:22,894 --> 00:45:25,723
I think we will
one day very likely

1046
00:45:25,766 --> 00:45:29,727
be in the presence of computers
that seem conscious to us,

1047
00:45:29,770 --> 00:45:31,076
that we will have built,

1048
00:45:31,119 --> 00:45:34,775
and we will know
how we built them, and...

1049
00:45:34,819 --> 00:45:36,864
uh, we might be able
to, you know,

1050
00:45:36,908 --> 00:45:39,606
integrate our own brains
with these computers

1051
00:45:39,649 --> 00:45:41,390
and change
our conscious experience,

1052
00:45:41,434 --> 00:45:43,566
and then the information-
processing basis

1053
00:45:43,610 --> 00:45:45,394
of our own mental life

1054
00:45:45,438 --> 00:45:47,570
will seem even more salient
to us,

1055
00:45:47,614 --> 00:45:49,572
and there will be
very little temptation

1056
00:45:49,616 --> 00:45:51,400
to imagine that somehow

1057
00:45:51,444 --> 00:45:54,795
souls or spirits
crept into these machines,

1058
00:45:54,839 --> 00:45:56,405
and now when we turn them off,

1059
00:45:56,449 --> 00:45:59,060
they go elsewhere
and may go to Paradise,

1060
00:45:59,104 --> 00:46:01,367
but most people
are common-sense dualists,

1061
00:46:01,410 --> 00:46:03,238
where they feel
that this thing they are

1062
00:46:03,282 --> 00:46:04,587
as a matter of experience

1063
00:46:04,631 --> 00:46:06,154
can't just be identical

1064
00:46:06,198 --> 00:46:08,069
to the body
that they experience.

1065
00:46:08,113 --> 00:46:09,462
Because in truth,

1066
00:46:09,505 --> 00:46:12,508
you don't experience the body
with any fidelity.

1067
00:46:12,552 --> 00:46:15,294
I mean, you simply
do not experience your brain.

1068
00:46:15,337 --> 00:46:17,775
When you talk
about spirit,

1069
00:46:17,818 --> 00:46:19,602
what are you
talking about, then?

1070
00:46:19,646 --> 00:46:21,126
What do you mean by that?

1071
00:46:21,169 --> 00:46:22,823
Do you... have you ever
really thought about it, or...

1072
00:46:22,867 --> 00:46:24,738
Yeah. I think of it
all the time, actually.

1073
00:46:24,782 --> 00:46:26,000
Well, then what do
you mean by it?

1074
00:46:26,044 --> 00:46:28,089
I think
that what connects me

1075
00:46:28,133 --> 00:46:30,135
to Grant and Eva

1076
00:46:30,178 --> 00:46:31,658
and Bev

1077
00:46:31,701 --> 00:46:33,442
and... and the tree.

1078
00:46:33,486 --> 00:46:36,532
We're all connected
in a kind of a way.

1079
00:46:36,576 --> 00:46:39,840
Obviously, our bodies
are just bodies.

1080
00:46:39,884 --> 00:46:43,104
We grow old, we die,
and that's it, and...

1081
00:46:43,148 --> 00:46:46,804
but there's still the spirit
that you started with

1082
00:46:46,847 --> 00:46:50,198
that can't really just...
just...

1083
00:46:50,242 --> 00:46:51,460
"It's dead now."

1084
00:46:51,504 --> 00:46:52,810
You know, no matter what.

1085
00:46:52,853 --> 00:46:54,159
You know
what I mean?

1086
00:46:54,202 --> 00:46:55,856
So you're talking about
sort of connectedness

1087
00:46:55,900 --> 00:46:57,336
of all life
and everything.

1088
00:46:57,379 --> 00:46:58,380
Yeah, connectedness
of all life.

1089
00:46:58,424 --> 00:47:00,208
And why are we
kind of connected?

1090
00:47:00,252 --> 00:47:01,949
Because we have a spirit.

1091
00:47:01,993 --> 00:47:03,821
-Right. Okay.
-The spirit.

1092
00:47:03,864 --> 00:47:09,217
And I believe that when you die,
spirit doesn't die.

1093
00:47:09,261 --> 00:47:11,524
That's what I really believe.

1094
00:47:11,567 --> 00:47:14,353
[choir harmonizing]

1095
00:47:14,396 --> 00:47:16,921
[♪♪♪]

1096
00:47:44,731 --> 00:47:46,037
[Keltner]: Five years ago,

1097
00:47:46,080 --> 00:47:47,865
my students and I
here at Berkeley

1098
00:47:47,908 --> 00:47:49,301
started to do

1099
00:47:49,344 --> 00:47:52,086
the largest study of awe
that's ever been undertaken.

1100
00:47:52,130 --> 00:47:55,176
You know, we've studied awe
in 30 different countries,

1101
00:47:55,220 --> 00:47:56,786
and the first thing
that really struck me

1102
00:47:56,830 --> 00:47:58,440
about what we discovered

1103
00:47:58,484 --> 00:48:01,748
is that awe comes from
many different sources.

1104
00:48:04,055 --> 00:48:08,537
The central sources of awe,
first, are other people.

1105
00:48:08,581 --> 00:48:10,409
People you admire.

1106
00:48:10,452 --> 00:48:12,759
Seeing a child be born,

1107
00:48:12,802 --> 00:48:16,197
and you're just
awestruck at life.

1108
00:48:16,241 --> 00:48:18,634
[♪♪♪]

1109
00:48:20,506 --> 00:48:24,597
The second main source of awe
is nature,

1110
00:48:24,640 --> 00:48:28,209
and then the third main source
is spirituality,

1111
00:48:28,253 --> 00:48:31,212
and fourth
is art and music.

1112
00:48:37,958 --> 00:48:42,006
When you read
the classic accounts of awe,

1113
00:48:42,049 --> 00:48:44,573
for 2,000 years,

1114
00:48:44,617 --> 00:48:47,576
people thought of awe
as a religious thing.

1115
00:48:47,620 --> 00:48:49,317
But prior to the written word,

1116
00:48:49,361 --> 00:48:52,233
there is evidence
in hunter-gatherer societies

1117
00:48:52,277 --> 00:48:54,061
that they feel awe
towards nature,

1118
00:48:54,105 --> 00:48:55,410
that they have a sense

1119
00:48:55,454 --> 00:48:58,326
that their spirit
is located in nature,

1120
00:48:58,370 --> 00:49:01,982
that they feel awestruck
by clouds, right?

1121
00:49:02,026 --> 00:49:04,115
Or growths, or rainfall.

1122
00:49:07,640 --> 00:49:10,599
It's pretty sound to say

1123
00:49:10,643 --> 00:49:12,688
we had these awe-inspiring
experiences

1124
00:49:12,732 --> 00:49:15,778
that brought us together
in hunter-gatherer societies

1125
00:49:15,822 --> 00:49:17,258
in communities,

1126
00:49:17,302 --> 00:49:18,607
and then
as our culture developed,

1127
00:49:18,651 --> 00:49:20,087
religion came in and said,

1128
00:49:20,131 --> 00:49:23,873
"We'll take these pieces
and put them into the church."

1129
00:49:23,917 --> 00:49:26,746
[♪♪♪]

1130
00:49:43,415 --> 00:49:45,721
[Dennett]:
How did religion get started?

1131
00:49:45,765 --> 00:49:48,463
I think it started
with an instinct

1132
00:49:48,507 --> 00:49:50,422
that we share
with other animals,

1133
00:49:50,465 --> 00:49:54,034
which is an orienting response,
or a, "Who's there?"

1134
00:49:58,691 --> 00:50:01,563
But in us,
with our echo-chamber minds,

1135
00:50:01,607 --> 00:50:04,392
we don't stop there,
we don't just go back to sleep.

1136
00:50:04,436 --> 00:50:05,828
We think about it...

1137
00:50:05,872 --> 00:50:07,047
and pretty soon,

1138
00:50:07,091 --> 00:50:10,224
we're imagining
little invisible agents

1139
00:50:10,268 --> 00:50:12,574
that we sort of maybe
got a glimpse of,

1140
00:50:12,618 --> 00:50:15,577
and all the leprechauns
and imps and elves

1141
00:50:15,621 --> 00:50:18,189
and fairies and dragons

1142
00:50:18,232 --> 00:50:20,365
and all of those
imaginary things

1143
00:50:20,408 --> 00:50:22,715
get elaborated
in our minds,

1144
00:50:22,758 --> 00:50:24,499
and we talk to each other
about them.

1145
00:50:24,543 --> 00:50:27,763
Pretty soon, the village
all knows about the tree god

1146
00:50:27,807 --> 00:50:32,464
and the talking rock
and the fish that flies.

1147
00:50:33,552 --> 00:50:35,554
Some of these go extinct

1148
00:50:35,597 --> 00:50:37,512
because they're not
interesting enough.

1149
00:50:37,556 --> 00:50:38,948
Some of them
are unforgettable.

1150
00:50:38,992 --> 00:50:41,603
So each tribe,
each little community,

1151
00:50:41,647 --> 00:50:46,217
has its resident population
of imaginary creatures.

1152
00:50:46,260 --> 00:50:48,349
That's a sort of polytheism.

1153
00:50:48,393 --> 00:50:52,484
Gradually,
that turns into monotheism.

1154
00:50:53,615 --> 00:50:55,443
Well, what's religion for?

1155
00:50:55,487 --> 00:50:56,705
It's not for anything.

1156
00:50:56,749 --> 00:50:58,533
It just happens
because it can,

1157
00:50:58,577 --> 00:51:00,057
and these ideas reproduce

1158
00:51:00,100 --> 00:51:03,277
because they're exploiting
susceptibilities

1159
00:51:03,321 --> 00:51:06,193
in the human brain,
in the human cognitive system,

1160
00:51:06,237 --> 00:51:10,458
fear and curiosity
and the capacity to tell a tale.

1161
00:51:10,502 --> 00:51:13,679
And so all of this lore
grows up,

1162
00:51:13,722 --> 00:51:17,161
and then it gets domesticated.

1163
00:51:18,510 --> 00:51:20,990
[♪♪♪]

1164
00:51:31,175 --> 00:51:34,308
People begin to realize
that it can be put to good use.

1165
00:51:34,352 --> 00:51:37,224
It can be used
to keep children in line.

1166
00:51:37,268 --> 00:51:40,227
"God is watching you."
"Big Brother is watching you."

1167
00:51:40,271 --> 00:51:41,663
[bells chiming]

1168
00:51:41,707 --> 00:51:44,753
It can be used to hide behind.

1169
00:51:44,797 --> 00:51:46,451
"Don't blame me.

1170
00:51:46,494 --> 00:51:48,670
I don't make the decisions.

1171
00:51:48,714 --> 00:51:50,803
The guy upstairs
makes the decisions.

1172
00:51:50,846 --> 00:51:54,981
I am simply God's
representative here on Earth."

1173
00:51:58,550 --> 00:52:02,119
Everything said in this room
is completely confidential

1174
00:52:02,162 --> 00:52:04,382
and will never
be repeated again.

1175
00:52:05,470 --> 00:52:07,298
We will now pray together.

1176
00:52:07,341 --> 00:52:11,215
Please repeat after me
with, "Lord, hear our prayer."

1177
00:52:12,651 --> 00:52:14,609
Dear Lord,

1178
00:52:14,653 --> 00:52:18,091
please forgive me
for my deceitful ways.

1179
00:52:18,135 --> 00:52:20,180
I have lied and lusted

1180
00:52:20,224 --> 00:52:23,444
and had
unclean thoughts.

1181
00:52:23,488 --> 00:52:25,620
Forgive me, Lord.

1182
00:52:25,664 --> 00:52:28,884
Please help me
to see and hear your words

1183
00:52:28,928 --> 00:52:31,104
so I might
find my way home.

1184
00:52:32,236 --> 00:52:33,628
Lord...

1185
00:52:33,672 --> 00:52:35,021
[teens]:
...Hear our prayer.

1186
00:52:35,064 --> 00:52:37,284
[Patrick]: It was later,
in the afternoon,

1187
00:52:37,328 --> 00:52:40,069
we went to another one
of these very intimate

1188
00:52:40,113 --> 00:52:42,463
personal confessions,

1189
00:52:42,507 --> 00:52:46,075
and at this point,
I noticed a lot of people

1190
00:52:46,119 --> 00:52:48,469
were really starting
to break down.

1191
00:52:48,513 --> 00:52:49,949
People were crying.

1192
00:52:50,993 --> 00:52:52,995
[Taylor]: You'd want
to associate positive feelings

1193
00:52:53,039 --> 00:52:55,346
of love and belonging
and security

1194
00:52:55,389 --> 00:52:56,869
with the new environment,

1195
00:52:56,912 --> 00:52:58,218
and negative feelings

1196
00:52:58,262 --> 00:53:00,916
of anxiety and fear
and repression,

1197
00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:03,092
and all the rest of it,
with the old environment.

1198
00:53:04,224 --> 00:53:06,792
[♪♪♪]

1199
00:53:08,054 --> 00:53:10,187
[Janssen]: When I attended,

1200
00:53:10,230 --> 00:53:13,190
there was
this very dramatic talk

1201
00:53:13,233 --> 00:53:17,368
about a man who was, uh,
just vicious with his family,

1202
00:53:17,411 --> 00:53:19,500
and then he went
on the Cursillo,

1203
00:53:19,544 --> 00:53:22,503
and he wept the entire time,

1204
00:53:22,547 --> 00:53:24,331
and now he's a new man,

1205
00:53:24,375 --> 00:53:27,029
and tears were starting to fall,

1206
00:53:27,073 --> 00:53:29,380
and the people around me,

1207
00:53:29,423 --> 00:53:31,599
they have
this emotional movement

1208
00:53:31,643 --> 00:53:33,601
that is building.

1209
00:53:33,645 --> 00:53:36,038
[Ben]: Lord,
please forgive me.

1210
00:53:36,082 --> 00:53:39,216
[voice shaking]: I am
lost and confused.

1211
00:53:40,565 --> 00:53:43,437
I know you know
my thoughts...

1212
00:53:44,569 --> 00:53:47,572
...and I am sorry
for who I am.

1213
00:53:49,400 --> 00:53:50,618
[Janssen]:
There's huge dangers there.

1214
00:53:50,662 --> 00:53:51,924
They're gonna
go too far down,

1215
00:53:51,967 --> 00:53:53,926
and they're going
to have a break.

1216
00:53:55,101 --> 00:53:57,756
[Ben]: I have lust in my heart
for someone I shouldn't.

1217
00:53:57,799 --> 00:54:01,629
I am trying
to control my desires.

1218
00:54:01,673 --> 00:54:03,762
Please.

1219
00:54:06,025 --> 00:54:07,853
Okay.

1220
00:54:07,896 --> 00:54:09,681
Thank you, Ben.

1221
00:54:09,724 --> 00:54:11,552
Okay.

1222
00:54:11,596 --> 00:54:12,988
Lord...

1223
00:54:13,032 --> 00:54:14,468
[teens]:
...Hear our prayer.

1224
00:54:14,512 --> 00:54:16,383
[Janssen]:
They are in a world of hurt

1225
00:54:16,427 --> 00:54:18,951
because of
the Cursillo method.

1226
00:54:18,994 --> 00:54:20,909
[Bruce]: You all have
made a big commitment

1227
00:54:20,953 --> 00:54:23,390
to this weekend, so...

1228
00:54:23,434 --> 00:54:26,175
we have a decision to make.

1229
00:54:26,219 --> 00:54:30,136
Are we going to move forward,
or go back to our sinful ways?

1230
00:54:30,179 --> 00:54:31,790
[Janssen]: I fear
that there is a lot

1231
00:54:31,833 --> 00:54:34,967
of psychological work
that's being done

1232
00:54:35,010 --> 00:54:38,275
under the guise
of spiritual work,

1233
00:54:38,318 --> 00:54:42,279
and I wonder
how genuine it is.

1234
00:54:44,324 --> 00:54:46,892
[bees buzzing]

1235
00:54:51,462 --> 00:54:53,420
[Patrick]:
When I'm working in the hive,

1236
00:54:53,464 --> 00:54:56,467
I sometimes feel
this sense of mystery.

1237
00:54:56,510 --> 00:54:59,426
How do they know what to do?

1238
00:54:59,470 --> 00:55:01,820
They only live
for six to eight weeks,

1239
00:55:01,863 --> 00:55:05,519
yet each bee knows
its role in the colony.

1240
00:55:05,563 --> 00:55:06,825
Some are guard bees.

1241
00:55:06,868 --> 00:55:08,696
Some go out foraging.

1242
00:55:08,740 --> 00:55:11,003
Some are making honey.

1243
00:55:11,046 --> 00:55:12,787
I should actually
try to find the queen.

1244
00:55:12,831 --> 00:55:15,442
It's really quite amazing.

1245
00:55:15,486 --> 00:55:17,792
Somehow they have
this intelligence.

1246
00:55:17,836 --> 00:55:20,055
As individuals,
they know what to do,

1247
00:55:20,099 --> 00:55:21,579
and yet collectively,

1248
00:55:21,622 --> 00:55:24,538
they're all working for
the survival of the community.

1249
00:55:24,582 --> 00:55:26,975
[Keltner]: People think
of Darwin as, like,

1250
00:55:27,019 --> 00:55:29,064
you know, it's bloody
in tooth and claw,

1251
00:55:29,108 --> 00:55:30,892
and it's survival
of the nastiest,

1252
00:55:30,936 --> 00:55:32,154
and it's brutal.

1253
00:55:32,198 --> 00:55:34,809
I think his philosophy
is more aptly put

1254
00:55:34,853 --> 00:55:36,333
to be
"survival of the kindest."

1255
00:55:37,725 --> 00:55:39,205
You know, I'm going
to quote almost verbatim

1256
00:55:39,248 --> 00:55:41,686
from Descent of Man,
from 1871,

1257
00:55:41,729 --> 00:55:44,036
that "sympathy
is our strongest instinct,

1258
00:55:44,079 --> 00:55:46,995
that those communities with
the most sympathetic members

1259
00:55:47,039 --> 00:55:48,257
will get along better

1260
00:55:48,301 --> 00:55:50,259
and rear the greatest number
of offspring."

1261
00:55:50,303 --> 00:55:53,393
He writes a lot
about connectedness.

1262
00:55:53,437 --> 00:55:56,788
He writes about
astonishment, sympathy, love,

1263
00:55:56,831 --> 00:55:58,703
different kinds of love,

1264
00:55:58,746 --> 00:56:00,400
and gets close to awe,

1265
00:56:00,444 --> 00:56:04,752
and talks about how they're
really community-based emotions.

1266
00:56:07,712 --> 00:56:12,847
Religion is structured in a way
that captures these emotions

1267
00:56:12,891 --> 00:56:16,503
and then ritualizes them
within a shared space.

1268
00:56:16,547 --> 00:56:18,375
I was raised without religion,

1269
00:56:18,418 --> 00:56:21,421
and when I was growing up,
I would...

1270
00:56:21,465 --> 00:56:23,118
I would do things like

1271
00:56:23,162 --> 00:56:24,859
I'd be part of
a collective gathering

1272
00:56:24,903 --> 00:56:26,208
and we would sing,
and I would tear up,

1273
00:56:26,252 --> 00:56:27,471
and I'd feel connected.

1274
00:56:27,514 --> 00:56:30,952
And I remember some of
my early experiences

1275
00:56:30,996 --> 00:56:33,259
of, like, going
to a religious ceremony,

1276
00:56:33,302 --> 00:56:35,479
and they had it all right there
in one place.

1277
00:56:35,522 --> 00:56:38,917
You go in, you see
the stained glass windows.

1278
00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:40,266
You sing together.

1279
00:56:40,309 --> 00:56:42,529
You embrace people.

1280
00:56:42,573 --> 00:56:45,097
And I'd be tearing up
and have these goosebumps,

1281
00:56:45,140 --> 00:56:47,578
and I had no sense
of what the content was,

1282
00:56:47,621 --> 00:56:50,929
but it was the way
that it embodied these emotions

1283
00:56:50,972 --> 00:56:52,365
that... I think

1284
00:56:52,409 --> 00:56:55,281
that's what religion
came into human history to do.

1285
00:56:57,109 --> 00:56:59,067
[Ehrman]: To my surprise,

1286
00:56:59,111 --> 00:57:03,768
when I left Christianity,
the greatest loss that I felt

1287
00:57:03,811 --> 00:57:07,249
wasn't a sense
that I had lost God

1288
00:57:07,293 --> 00:57:09,077
or that I had lost faith.

1289
00:57:09,121 --> 00:57:10,775
Those were losses,

1290
00:57:10,818 --> 00:57:13,125
but the greatest loss
that I experienced

1291
00:57:13,168 --> 00:57:15,301
was a loss of community.

1292
00:57:15,344 --> 00:57:17,346
Christians,

1293
00:57:17,390 --> 00:57:19,653
at least in the form of
Christianity I was practicing,

1294
00:57:19,697 --> 00:57:21,742
Christians got together
every week.

1295
00:57:21,786 --> 00:57:26,486
We worshipped together,
prayed together, sang together.

1296
00:57:26,530 --> 00:57:27,922
We would share our lives.

1297
00:57:27,966 --> 00:57:29,271
We would support each other.

1298
00:57:29,315 --> 00:57:30,490
We would eat together.

1299
00:57:30,534 --> 00:57:32,492
There was community,

1300
00:57:32,536 --> 00:57:34,625
and when I left the faith,

1301
00:57:34,668 --> 00:57:36,191
I left the church,

1302
00:57:36,235 --> 00:57:38,585
and that community
wasn't there anymore,

1303
00:57:38,629 --> 00:57:42,371
and it was probably
the biggest void in my life.

1304
00:57:48,682 --> 00:57:52,294
I was raised sort of
"cafeteria Catholic,"

1305
00:57:52,338 --> 00:57:55,123
where my family didn't go
to church a whole lot.

1306
00:57:55,167 --> 00:57:56,603
I grew up in Utah

1307
00:57:56,647 --> 00:57:58,692
as a fully-believing
and active Mormon.

1308
00:57:58,736 --> 00:58:02,304
I spent two years
on an LDS mission.

1309
00:58:02,348 --> 00:58:03,305
I was born in the U.S.

1310
00:58:03,349 --> 00:58:04,872
My family's
from Pakistan, though.

1311
00:58:04,916 --> 00:58:06,308
My name is Mohammed.

1312
00:58:06,352 --> 00:58:07,527
I'm the founder
and president

1313
00:58:07,571 --> 00:58:09,224
of Ex-Muslims
of North America.

1314
00:58:09,268 --> 00:58:11,183
I was raised
a Maronite Catholic,

1315
00:58:11,226 --> 00:58:12,880
which is
like Lebanese Catholic.

1316
00:58:12,924 --> 00:58:15,317
Got a Master's degree
in geology,

1317
00:58:15,361 --> 00:58:16,536
and through all that,

1318
00:58:16,580 --> 00:58:17,885
stayed as
a believing Mormon

1319
00:58:17,929 --> 00:58:19,147
until I was 45.

1320
00:58:19,191 --> 00:58:21,976
As I grew,
it stopped making sense.

1321
00:58:22,020 --> 00:58:23,412
I had more questions,

1322
00:58:23,456 --> 00:58:25,502
and any time I came up
to anyone with questions,

1323
00:58:25,545 --> 00:58:26,503
the answer was always,

1324
00:58:26,546 --> 00:58:27,808
"Well, we don't
talk about that."

1325
00:58:27,852 --> 00:58:29,810
I ran across DNA evidence

1326
00:58:29,854 --> 00:58:32,552
that counteracts
the Book of Mormon,

1327
00:58:32,596 --> 00:58:34,336
and started really...

1328
00:58:34,380 --> 00:58:36,425
considering
what that meant.

1329
00:58:36,469 --> 00:58:37,601
Then I read the Bible,

1330
00:58:37,644 --> 00:58:39,646
and that didn't
answer any questions.

1331
00:58:39,690 --> 00:58:41,648
And about two,
three days later,

1332
00:58:41,692 --> 00:58:44,651
decided that
the foundational beliefs

1333
00:58:44,695 --> 00:58:46,566
of my entire life were wrong.

1334
00:58:46,610 --> 00:58:47,872
I personally met somebody

1335
00:58:47,915 --> 00:58:50,918
that had never met
another brown atheist,

1336
00:58:50,962 --> 00:58:53,268
and she didn't believe me
for a while,

1337
00:58:53,312 --> 00:58:55,488
that I'm probably lying,
that we don't leave religion.

1338
00:58:55,532 --> 00:58:56,576
She had already left.

1339
00:58:56,620 --> 00:58:57,664
She thought
she was the only one.

1340
00:58:57,708 --> 00:58:59,710
The pushback that I got
from my family

1341
00:58:59,753 --> 00:59:02,190
is actually what
made me push harder.

1342
00:59:02,234 --> 00:59:04,932
It can't be overestimated
how hard that is,

1343
00:59:04,976 --> 00:59:06,934
as an adult, to do that,

1344
00:59:06,978 --> 00:59:09,546
when all of your
adult decisions...

1345
00:59:09,589 --> 00:59:11,548
you know, how you
raised your children,

1346
00:59:11,591 --> 00:59:13,593
who you married, everything,

1347
00:59:13,637 --> 00:59:15,203
is surrounded by the church.

1348
00:59:15,247 --> 00:59:16,683
Siblings haven't
told each other

1349
00:59:16,727 --> 00:59:17,902
because they were afraid
of how the sibling would react

1350
00:59:17,945 --> 00:59:18,946
and they would tell family

1351
00:59:18,990 --> 00:59:20,426
and they would
lose their family.

1352
00:59:20,469 --> 00:59:21,906
We had husbands and wives
that didn't tell each other

1353
00:59:21,949 --> 00:59:23,081
because they were concerned

1354
00:59:23,124 --> 00:59:25,213
that, in Islam,
if you're an atheist,

1355
00:59:25,257 --> 00:59:26,693
your marriage
is null and void,

1356
00:59:26,737 --> 00:59:29,566
that if they mention it,
they'll be divorced.

1357
00:59:29,609 --> 00:59:31,089
The big thing for me is

1358
00:59:31,132 --> 00:59:33,700
I've always considered myself
relatively intelligent,

1359
00:59:33,744 --> 00:59:35,267
and to find out

1360
00:59:35,310 --> 00:59:37,878
that I was fundamentally wrong
about everything I thought

1361
00:59:37,922 --> 00:59:39,314
was very, very difficult,

1362
00:59:39,358 --> 00:59:43,101
and led to a lot of problems
between my wife and I,

1363
00:59:43,144 --> 00:59:46,321
who was still, at that time,
a believing Mormon.

1364
00:59:46,365 --> 00:59:48,410
That was sort of
my downfall,

1365
00:59:48,454 --> 00:59:51,892
so it was less a peak
and then a crash,

1366
00:59:51,936 --> 00:59:55,766
and more of just a slow
roll away, I think.

1367
00:59:55,809 --> 00:59:56,941
Mormons believe

1368
00:59:56,984 --> 00:59:58,595
in the burning
in the bosom, you know.

1369
00:59:58,638 --> 01:00:01,075
When you get the goosebumps
and all that,

1370
01:00:01,119 --> 01:00:02,903
and that's a sign
that you believe,

1371
01:00:02,947 --> 01:00:04,992
and the last five years,

1372
01:00:05,036 --> 01:00:07,255
since I have really
started to investigate

1373
01:00:07,299 --> 01:00:09,606
neuropsychology,
particle physics,

1374
01:00:09,649 --> 01:00:11,042
cosmology, all of that,

1375
01:00:11,085 --> 01:00:14,611
I have far more wonder
than I ever did before.

1376
01:00:14,654 --> 01:00:17,396
There's enough numinous wonder
in the universe.

1377
01:00:17,439 --> 01:00:18,615
Look up at the night sky.

1378
01:00:18,658 --> 01:00:19,790
Go outside of the city.

1379
01:00:19,833 --> 01:00:21,922
You don't need to believe
in fairytales.

1380
01:00:21,966 --> 01:00:24,359
And the fact that
when I die, it's over,

1381
01:00:24,403 --> 01:00:26,753
is actually
kind of restful to me.

1382
01:00:26,797 --> 01:00:29,060
I feel more wonder now
than I ever did before.

1383
01:00:29,103 --> 01:00:30,496
[crowd applauding]

1384
01:00:30,539 --> 01:00:32,019
[whistling]

1385
01:00:32,063 --> 01:00:33,673
[cheering]

1386
01:00:40,419 --> 01:00:43,378
[Dennett]: I think
it's very important to realize

1387
01:00:43,422 --> 01:00:46,773
that many, many people
in the world

1388
01:00:46,817 --> 01:00:50,211
need to contribute to a cause,

1389
01:00:50,255 --> 01:00:52,344
which is what will
give them happiness.

1390
01:00:52,387 --> 01:00:56,348
If we can do that
without the valorization

1391
01:00:56,391 --> 01:00:59,133
of irrationality
and myth and falsehood,

1392
01:00:59,177 --> 01:01:01,005
that would be a great thing.

1393
01:01:01,048 --> 01:01:03,660
More and more young people

1394
01:01:03,703 --> 01:01:07,489
are less and less interested
in religion at all.

1395
01:01:07,533 --> 01:01:10,797
The fastest-growing category
in the world

1396
01:01:10,841 --> 01:01:12,799
is no religion at all.

1397
01:01:12,843 --> 01:01:15,410
It's growing faster
than Islam.

1398
01:01:15,454 --> 01:01:17,674
It's growing faster
than the Mormon church.

1399
01:01:17,717 --> 01:01:23,244
If a society has
a strong social safety net,

1400
01:01:23,288 --> 01:01:26,204
if it provides security
and health and food

1401
01:01:26,247 --> 01:01:28,032
and has a low crime rate,

1402
01:01:28,075 --> 01:01:30,251
religion vanishes.

1403
01:01:30,295 --> 01:01:33,690
In the countries
that are terribly poor

1404
01:01:33,733 --> 01:01:35,039
and corrupt

1405
01:01:35,082 --> 01:01:37,389
and where they have
despotic leaders,

1406
01:01:37,432 --> 01:01:41,436
where people are basically
quite miserable,

1407
01:01:41,480 --> 01:01:43,700
that's where
religion flourishes.

1408
01:01:45,049 --> 01:01:47,704
[♪♪♪]

1409
01:01:52,883 --> 01:01:54,536
[door closes]

1410
01:01:54,580 --> 01:01:56,538
[Patrick]:
It's the final evening.

1411
01:01:56,582 --> 01:01:58,018
We're all together.

1412
01:01:58,062 --> 01:01:59,628
The candles are lit,

1413
01:01:59,672 --> 01:02:01,630
and it's very, very quiet,

1414
01:02:01,674 --> 01:02:06,331
and each person gets
their little bundle of letters.

1415
01:02:08,463 --> 01:02:10,901
[♪♪♪]

1416
01:02:18,778 --> 01:02:21,868
[Janssen]: The unknown
and unsaid part of this

1417
01:02:21,912 --> 01:02:26,394
is the palanca,
another Spanish term.

1418
01:02:26,438 --> 01:02:28,614
"Palanca" means "lever"...

1419
01:02:31,530 --> 01:02:35,534
And I think it's a lever
really to open up people

1420
01:02:35,577 --> 01:02:39,059
who are emotionally closed
and unwilling.

1421
01:02:39,103 --> 01:02:42,236
[Patrick]: "I've prayed
several rosaries for you

1422
01:02:42,280 --> 01:02:44,673
in hope
that God will touch you.

1423
01:02:44,717 --> 01:02:48,547
You are, and will be,
in my prayers."

1424
01:02:50,854 --> 01:02:52,986
They're from people I know.

1425
01:02:53,030 --> 01:02:54,118
Some are classmates.

1426
01:02:54,161 --> 01:02:56,685
"St. Jude, pray for us."

1427
01:02:56,729 --> 01:02:59,123
Some were from people
I didn't know.

1428
01:03:00,298 --> 01:03:03,301
I got one letter from Julie...

1429
01:03:04,693 --> 01:03:07,609
And it was really very powerful.
It was really emotional.

1430
01:03:07,653 --> 01:03:10,177
These were
very personal letters.

1431
01:03:10,221 --> 01:03:13,485
"I trust our Lord met you...

1432
01:03:13,528 --> 01:03:16,314
where he needed to.

1433
01:03:16,357 --> 01:03:19,099
He always does.

1434
01:03:19,143 --> 01:03:22,799
If not me, then who?"

1435
01:03:22,842 --> 01:03:24,365
[Janssen]: They give this

1436
01:03:24,409 --> 01:03:27,804
at the very point where
you're feeling most vulnerable,

1437
01:03:27,847 --> 01:03:31,503
and so it reinforces
this idea

1438
01:03:31,546 --> 01:03:33,810
that "I'm here for a purpose.
I'm on a mission."

1439
01:03:33,853 --> 01:03:37,117
[Patrick]: "Trust in the Lord
with all your heart.

1440
01:03:37,161 --> 01:03:40,555
On your own intelligence,
rely not."

1441
01:03:40,599 --> 01:03:42,819
The folks
who were involved in this,

1442
01:03:42,862 --> 01:03:44,037
I know many of them.

1443
01:03:44,081 --> 01:03:45,343
They're dear people.

1444
01:03:45,386 --> 01:03:47,301
They're very warm
and genuine people,

1445
01:03:47,345 --> 01:03:51,305
so again, I'm not suggesting
that they are these monsters

1446
01:03:51,349 --> 01:03:53,830
that are trying
to manipulate people,

1447
01:03:53,873 --> 01:03:56,180
but the question is often asked,

1448
01:03:56,223 --> 01:03:57,529
"Well, is it just a cult?"

1449
01:03:57,572 --> 01:03:58,965
And I will say, "No."

1450
01:03:59,009 --> 01:04:01,228
There must be
a charismatic kind of leader,

1451
01:04:01,272 --> 01:04:02,664
an almost God-like figure...

1452
01:04:02,708 --> 01:04:03,796
a David Koresh,

1453
01:04:03,840 --> 01:04:07,756
or a Sun Moon,
who is nearly divine,

1454
01:04:07,800 --> 01:04:12,500
or Jim Jones,
who is worshipped.

1455
01:04:12,544 --> 01:04:14,154
Don't find that in Cursillo.

1456
01:04:14,198 --> 01:04:16,330
Nothing like that at all
in Cursillo.

1457
01:04:16,374 --> 01:04:19,856
Second part
is some kind of exploitation.

1458
01:04:19,899 --> 01:04:21,509
Financial exploitation...

1459
01:04:21,553 --> 01:04:24,034
so, "Join the Moonies,
renounce all your property.

1460
01:04:24,077 --> 01:04:25,600
or, actually, give
all your property to us

1461
01:04:25,644 --> 01:04:27,689
and go sell flowers for us,"
for example.

1462
01:04:27,733 --> 01:04:29,343
So financial exploitation.

1463
01:04:29,387 --> 01:04:31,780
None of that in Cursillo,
not a trace of it.

1464
01:04:31,824 --> 01:04:34,827
The third element
of a destructive cult like this

1465
01:04:34,871 --> 01:04:38,570
is manipulative
mind-control techniques.

1466
01:04:38,613 --> 01:04:40,528
Oops.

1467
01:04:40,572 --> 01:04:42,356
Oops.

1468
01:04:42,400 --> 01:04:46,360
The Cursillo movement
is up to its ears

1469
01:04:46,404 --> 01:04:50,756
in these kinds of manipulative
mind-control techniques.

1470
01:04:51,800 --> 01:04:53,802
[♪♪♪]

1471
01:04:53,846 --> 01:04:56,022
[closes door quietly]

1472
01:05:00,984 --> 01:05:02,942
[Bruce]:
Go into the whole world

1473
01:05:02,986 --> 01:05:04,901
and proclaim the good news!

1474
01:05:04,944 --> 01:05:06,946
This is the Holy Spirit.

1475
01:05:06,990 --> 01:05:09,166
Can you feel His love?

1476
01:05:10,254 --> 01:05:12,560
-[crowd]: Hallelujah!
-[Brian laughs]

1477
01:05:12,604 --> 01:05:14,780
[Patrick]:
And then suddenly, bang!

1478
01:05:14,823 --> 01:05:17,391
The door opens,
and all these people burst in.

1479
01:05:17,435 --> 01:05:18,566
[♪♪♪]

1480
01:05:18,610 --> 01:05:19,741
[Patrick]:
And everyone is crying

1481
01:05:19,785 --> 01:05:21,656
and laughing
and hugging each other,

1482
01:05:21,700 --> 01:05:25,095
and it was just this incredibly
overwhelming experience.

1483
01:05:25,138 --> 01:05:26,487
♪ Hallelujah

1484
01:05:26,531 --> 01:05:27,924
♪ Hallelujah

1485
01:05:27,967 --> 01:05:31,275
♪ Hallelujah, my friends

1486
01:05:31,318 --> 01:05:34,147
♪ Celebration
for all creation ♪

1487
01:05:34,191 --> 01:05:35,496
[Janssen]:
And you shoot through the roof,

1488
01:05:35,540 --> 01:05:39,761
and you have this
joyful, tingly kind of euphoria.

1489
01:05:39,805 --> 01:05:41,589
"Catharsis"
is an emotional washing,

1490
01:05:41,633 --> 01:05:43,461
but the catharsis comes

1491
01:05:43,504 --> 01:05:46,594
when your emotions
are just so overloaded

1492
01:05:46,638 --> 01:05:48,770
that you either weep
or laugh.

1493
01:05:48,814 --> 01:05:50,598
♪ Hallelujah

1494
01:05:50,642 --> 01:05:52,992
[Patrick]:
It was a shock to the system.

1495
01:05:53,036 --> 01:05:54,951
♪ Celebration
for all creation ♪

1496
01:05:54,994 --> 01:05:56,256
I was gonna start crying.

1497
01:05:56,300 --> 01:05:59,477
I felt right away
this sort of adrenaline rush.

1498
01:05:59,520 --> 01:06:02,088
♪ Hallelujah

1499
01:06:02,132 --> 01:06:03,872
There's Julie,
and I hug her,

1500
01:06:03,916 --> 01:06:05,178
and I'd actually
been looking for her

1501
01:06:05,222 --> 01:06:06,353
throughout the whole weekend,

1502
01:06:06,397 --> 01:06:08,834
but I hadn't seen her at all.

1503
01:06:08,877 --> 01:06:12,098
♪ Hallelujah, my friends

1504
01:06:12,142 --> 01:06:13,621
♪ Hallelujah

1505
01:06:13,665 --> 01:06:14,709
♪ Hallelujah

1506
01:06:14,753 --> 01:06:16,624
[Patrick]:
And then for some reason,

1507
01:06:16,668 --> 01:06:18,496
I thought to myself,

1508
01:06:18,539 --> 01:06:20,454
"Wait a minute.

1509
01:06:20,498 --> 01:06:23,805
This isn't the Holy Spirit."

1510
01:06:23,849 --> 01:06:26,808
This felt like it was staged.

1511
01:06:26,852 --> 01:06:28,114
I kind of felt cheated.

1512
01:06:28,158 --> 01:06:29,333
♪ Hallelujah

1513
01:06:29,376 --> 01:06:32,553
♪ Hallelujah, my friends

1514
01:06:32,597 --> 01:06:35,730
♪ Celebration
for all creation ♪

1515
01:06:35,774 --> 01:06:37,906
♪ Hallelujah, my friends

1516
01:06:37,950 --> 01:06:39,299
[Patrick]: As it turned out,

1517
01:06:39,343 --> 01:06:40,822
The Search Weekend

1518
01:06:40,866 --> 01:06:44,826
was the last chapter
of my life in Catholicism.

1519
01:06:44,870 --> 01:06:47,742
The final emotional moment
of the weekend,

1520
01:06:47,786 --> 01:06:49,135
the moment that fell short

1521
01:06:49,179 --> 01:06:51,833
of a real encounter
with the Holy Spirit,

1522
01:06:51,877 --> 01:06:53,052
made me see clearly

1523
01:06:53,096 --> 01:06:56,055
the fundamental deceit
of religion.

1524
01:06:56,099 --> 01:06:58,405
I realized how
the Cursillo method

1525
01:06:58,449 --> 01:07:01,321
produces an intense
emotional experience

1526
01:07:01,365 --> 01:07:04,890
and artificially connects it
with the concept of God.

1527
01:07:06,370 --> 01:07:08,285
Belief can be manufactured

1528
01:07:08,328 --> 01:07:11,462
by inducing and manipulating
moments of awe,

1529
01:07:11,505 --> 01:07:12,898
and once I realized this,

1530
01:07:12,941 --> 01:07:15,466
I was able to start
shedding the burden

1531
01:07:15,509 --> 01:07:16,902
of years of indoctrination.

1532
01:07:19,774 --> 01:07:23,082
Julie and I broke up
shortly after that weekend.

1533
01:07:23,126 --> 01:07:24,910
She was part of the world
I was leaving behind.

1534
01:07:26,216 --> 01:07:28,914
I often wonder
if she kept her faith,

1535
01:07:28,957 --> 01:07:31,003
but I've never looked her up.

1536
01:07:32,222 --> 01:07:35,094
For her and many of my friends,

1537
01:07:35,138 --> 01:07:37,879
the Search Weekend
was a conversion,

1538
01:07:37,923 --> 01:07:39,794
their born-again moment.

1539
01:07:43,450 --> 01:07:46,801
My friend Ben had an extremely
emotional experience

1540
01:07:46,845 --> 01:07:49,543
at the Search.

1541
01:07:49,587 --> 01:07:52,111
I felt like he was trying
to unburden himself

1542
01:07:52,155 --> 01:07:53,460
of something,

1543
01:07:53,504 --> 01:07:54,940
but never quite got there.

1544
01:07:59,249 --> 01:08:02,121
Three months later,
at our graduation,

1545
01:08:02,165 --> 01:08:07,518
a friend ran up to me and said
that Ben had committed suicide.

1546
01:08:09,259 --> 01:08:11,217
I can't say what part

1547
01:08:11,261 --> 01:08:13,480
the Cursillo
played in Ben's death,

1548
01:08:13,524 --> 01:08:14,568
if any,

1549
01:08:14,612 --> 01:08:16,004
but I believe

1550
01:08:16,048 --> 01:08:18,833
that the intense emotional
journey he went through

1551
01:08:18,877 --> 01:08:23,011
was delivered recklessly,
and without adequate support.

1552
01:08:25,057 --> 01:08:28,800
♪ Hallelujah, my friends

1553
01:08:28,843 --> 01:08:33,805
The experience of that weekend
was a turning point in my life.

1554
01:08:35,981 --> 01:08:39,463
It was at a moment
that the Catholic religion,

1555
01:08:39,506 --> 01:08:41,639
which was
the fundamental belief system

1556
01:08:41,682 --> 01:08:44,120
in my family
for many generations,

1557
01:08:44,163 --> 01:08:46,252
probably hundreds of years,

1558
01:08:46,296 --> 01:08:48,646
finally lost its grip.

1559
01:08:49,821 --> 01:08:52,867
[♪♪♪]

1560
01:08:52,911 --> 01:08:54,347
I've experienced

1561
01:08:54,391 --> 01:08:57,698
several transformative
moments of awe over the years,

1562
01:08:57,742 --> 01:08:59,831
and these moments
have stayed with me

1563
01:08:59,874 --> 01:09:02,703
and shaped the way
I experience my life.

1564
01:09:04,314 --> 01:09:06,185
Very early one morning,

1565
01:09:06,229 --> 01:09:08,492
I went out fishing
with my father-in-law.

1566
01:09:08,535 --> 01:09:12,017
It was very quiet
and dead calm.

1567
01:09:12,060 --> 01:09:14,062
The water was flat.

1568
01:09:25,857 --> 01:09:30,601
Suddenly, we were surrounded
by a large pod of orcas.

1569
01:09:32,516 --> 01:09:35,258
They were only a few feet
away from the boat.

1570
01:09:46,399 --> 01:09:49,446
We could see those whales
looking right at us...

1571
01:09:55,800 --> 01:09:58,281
...and then they were gone.

1572
01:10:01,806 --> 01:10:03,503
[Keltner]: Awe is this compass.

1573
01:10:03,547 --> 01:10:04,591
It tells people,

1574
01:10:04,635 --> 01:10:05,897
"This is your purpose,
right here."

1575
01:10:05,940 --> 01:10:09,335
When people feel awe in nature,
it tells them,

1576
01:10:09,379 --> 01:10:13,383
you know, "This natural process
is where you should be."

1577
01:10:14,558 --> 01:10:17,517
There is this universal
structure to awe.

1578
01:10:17,561 --> 01:10:20,781
The self is connected
to something vast.

1579
01:10:20,825 --> 01:10:22,435
It opens up the mind.

1580
01:10:22,479 --> 01:10:26,091
But what the self connects to
really varies.

1581
01:10:27,397 --> 01:10:30,226
[Dennett]:
This is our life right here.

1582
01:10:30,269 --> 01:10:33,054
The idea
that you've got one life,

1583
01:10:33,098 --> 01:10:36,797
and that it is
unbelievably precious,

1584
01:10:36,841 --> 01:10:40,888
uh, and that you should

1585
01:10:40,932 --> 01:10:44,152
think about the possibilities

1586
01:10:44,196 --> 01:10:48,548
that have been made
available to you

1587
01:10:48,592 --> 01:10:51,116
thanks to the efforts of others.

1588
01:10:52,987 --> 01:10:57,253
If you want to feel gratitude,
for heavens' sakes,

1589
01:10:57,296 --> 01:11:01,257
yes, I feel
so grateful that I'm alive,

1590
01:11:01,300 --> 01:11:03,781
but I'm grateful
to all those people

1591
01:11:03,824 --> 01:11:07,263
who, before me,
have made it possible for me

1592
01:11:07,306 --> 01:11:11,267
to have such a spectacularly
interesting life,

1593
01:11:11,310 --> 01:11:14,444
and I can't repay them,

1594
01:11:14,487 --> 01:11:16,446
so I can pay it forward.

1595
01:11:16,489 --> 01:11:18,926
I can try to make the world
a little better

1596
01:11:18,970 --> 01:11:21,146
for the next generation
coming along.

1597
01:11:21,189 --> 01:11:23,931
[Keltner]: I recently went
to Bhutan with my daughter.

1598
01:11:23,975 --> 01:11:25,759
It's a sacred place.

1599
01:11:25,803 --> 01:11:28,022
Hiking up at 10,000 feet,

1600
01:11:28,066 --> 01:11:32,940
we were fortunate enough
to be in this Buddhist temple,

1601
01:11:32,984 --> 01:11:34,159
just with Buddhist monks.

1602
01:11:34,202 --> 01:11:36,988
They were chanting
2,500-year-old chants,

1603
01:11:37,031 --> 01:11:39,599
and I was awash in awe.

1604
01:11:39,643 --> 01:11:41,862
You know, just currents
were moving through my body.

1605
01:11:41,906 --> 01:11:44,212
I was crying. Goosebumps.

1606
01:11:44,256 --> 01:11:46,040
My daughter and I embraced,

1607
01:11:46,084 --> 01:11:48,521
um, and it...
and it changed my life.

1608
01:11:49,653 --> 01:11:51,132
[Janssen]: I'm a runner.

1609
01:11:51,176 --> 01:11:52,960
I love to run
in the mornings,

1610
01:11:53,004 --> 01:11:55,223
and on a fine spring morning

1611
01:11:55,267 --> 01:11:57,182
when we've been
through a winter, you know?

1612
01:11:57,225 --> 01:11:58,966
And suddenly,
there are birds singing,

1613
01:11:59,010 --> 01:12:00,968
I break into hymn

1614
01:12:01,012 --> 01:12:03,797
because I see
the goodness of God

1615
01:12:03,841 --> 01:12:05,669
in the creation He's made.

1616
01:12:06,931 --> 01:12:09,455
[Dawkins]: I have very large
numbers of moments of awe.

1617
01:12:09,499 --> 01:12:12,240
Let's not be ashamed
of using the word "spiritual."

1618
01:12:12,284 --> 01:12:13,590
Only the other day,

1619
01:12:13,633 --> 01:12:15,896
I was at the Grand Canyon
in the dead of night,

1620
01:12:15,940 --> 01:12:17,245
on the edge of the canyon,
I lay on my back

1621
01:12:17,289 --> 01:12:19,204
and looked up
at the Milky Way,

1622
01:12:19,247 --> 01:12:22,860
and was filled with
a great flood of emotion,

1623
01:12:22,903 --> 01:12:24,688
and thought to myself,

1624
01:12:24,731 --> 01:12:27,473
"The light that is
entering my eyes at this moment,

1625
01:12:27,517 --> 01:12:30,824
I'm looking at a scene
100,000 years ago,"

1626
01:12:30,868 --> 01:12:32,739
and then the next morning,

1627
01:12:32,783 --> 01:12:34,393
I looked down into the canyon,

1628
01:12:34,437 --> 01:12:38,919
and was looking at rocks
two billion years old,

1629
01:12:38,963 --> 01:12:42,749
so I'm looking back in time
both directions.

1630
01:12:42,793 --> 01:12:46,318
Human life span, how petty,
how trivial that is,

1631
01:12:46,362 --> 01:12:51,192
in comparison to the time spans
that we can now understand,

1632
01:12:51,236 --> 01:12:53,194
that science gives us
the ability...

1633
01:12:53,238 --> 01:12:55,501
privileges us with the ability
to understand.

1634
01:12:55,545 --> 01:12:57,198
This is wonderful.

1635
01:12:57,242 --> 01:12:58,765
Science is wonderful.

1636
01:12:58,809 --> 01:13:02,682
We live in
a golden age of science.

1637
01:13:02,726 --> 01:13:04,554
[Seth]: There's this
misconception about science

1638
01:13:04,597 --> 01:13:07,208
that it drains the beauty
and the awe out of everything,

1639
01:13:07,252 --> 01:13:08,732
and I certainly
feel differently,

1640
01:13:08,775 --> 01:13:11,691
and I've felt differently
about that in my own life,

1641
01:13:11,735 --> 01:13:15,565
and I remember from being a kid,
being out in nature,

1642
01:13:15,608 --> 01:13:18,785
I grew up in a small village
in the English countryside,

1643
01:13:18,829 --> 01:13:20,787
and from then on, really,

1644
01:13:20,831 --> 01:13:22,702
being out in nature
is the experience

1645
01:13:22,746 --> 01:13:25,052
that generates for me

1646
01:13:25,096 --> 01:13:28,969
the most powerful experiences
of connectedness with the world,

1647
01:13:29,013 --> 01:13:30,231
and probably the states

1648
01:13:30,275 --> 01:13:33,757
of highest
emotional contentment.

1649
01:13:33,800 --> 01:13:37,456
Now that we understand at least
a bit about the universe,

1650
01:13:37,500 --> 01:13:40,067
that we're not only
looking out into space,

1651
01:13:40,111 --> 01:13:42,156
we're looking back into time,

1652
01:13:42,200 --> 01:13:46,073
that makes the experience
more inspirational,

1653
01:13:46,117 --> 01:13:49,033
more wonderful,
more emotionally powerful.

1654
01:13:50,991 --> 01:13:52,428
[Ehrman]:
About four or five years ago,

1655
01:13:52,471 --> 01:13:54,647
I started a meditation practice.

1656
01:13:54,691 --> 01:13:55,996
When I do that,

1657
01:13:56,040 --> 01:13:59,826
I find that I have
a very similar moment of awe

1658
01:13:59,870 --> 01:14:02,481
that I used to have
when I was very religious,

1659
01:14:02,525 --> 01:14:04,004
and frequently,

1660
01:14:04,048 --> 01:14:08,269
when I'm thinking about
just how complex the human is,

1661
01:14:08,313 --> 01:14:10,924
the human body,
the human mind,

1662
01:14:10,968 --> 01:14:12,970
the words of scripture
come to mind...

1663
01:14:13,013 --> 01:14:14,754
the psalmist who said,

1664
01:14:14,798 --> 01:14:18,497
"O Lord, I am fearfully
and wonderfully made."

1665
01:14:18,541 --> 01:14:20,107
[laughs]

1666
01:14:20,151 --> 01:14:21,500
And it's just this sense

1667
01:14:21,544 --> 01:14:24,198
that this is just quite amazing
that we exist,

1668
01:14:24,242 --> 01:14:26,374
and that we are who we are.

1669
01:14:27,680 --> 01:14:29,856
[Harris]:
What we're all hungering for

1670
01:14:29,900 --> 01:14:34,600
is an honest conversation about
what makes life worth living.

1671
01:14:34,644 --> 01:14:36,689
All of human knowledge
has to be brought to bear

1672
01:14:36,733 --> 01:14:38,517
on that conversation.

1673
01:14:38,561 --> 01:14:42,347
There is no job that is just
a matter of science,

1674
01:14:42,390 --> 01:14:43,827
or just a matter of politics,

1675
01:14:43,870 --> 01:14:45,306
or just a matter
of philosophy,

1676
01:14:45,350 --> 01:14:47,308
or just a matter of religion.

1677
01:14:47,352 --> 01:14:48,484
I mean, we are all
in the business

1678
01:14:48,527 --> 01:14:50,311
of making claims

1679
01:14:50,355 --> 01:14:52,488
about what matters
and why it matters,

1680
01:14:52,531 --> 01:14:54,490
and how to safeguard it.

1681
01:14:54,533 --> 01:14:57,536
What I'm finding worth doing

1682
01:14:57,580 --> 01:15:00,321
is having more
and more conversations

1683
01:15:00,365 --> 01:15:03,803
that don't respect the
boundaries between disciplines,

1684
01:15:03,847 --> 01:15:05,501
and where you just get,

1685
01:15:05,544 --> 01:15:09,026
you know, smart, well-informed,
courageous people

1686
01:15:09,069 --> 01:15:10,375
thinking out loud.

1687
01:15:11,419 --> 01:15:14,074
[♪♪♪]

1688
01:15:23,606 --> 01:15:25,651
[Patrick]:
You still pray.

1689
01:15:25,695 --> 01:15:26,913
You told me
you still pray.

1690
01:15:26,957 --> 01:15:28,567
[Mrs. Payne]:
Three times a day, dear.

1691
01:15:28,611 --> 01:15:30,395
I'm certainly not
praying to God.

1692
01:15:30,438 --> 01:15:31,701
Right.

1693
01:15:31,744 --> 01:15:33,441
God has nothing to do
with my life, really.

1694
01:15:36,270 --> 01:15:38,185
I pray for you every day.

1695
01:15:38,229 --> 01:15:40,187
I pray to St. Jude.

1696
01:15:40,231 --> 01:15:44,540
Then I have a little prayer
I say by Kahlil Gibran.

1697
01:15:44,583 --> 01:15:47,020
"Look to this day,
for it is life.

1698
01:15:47,064 --> 01:15:48,848
In its brief span

1699
01:15:48,892 --> 01:15:52,199
lie all the verities, joys,
and expectations

1700
01:15:52,243 --> 01:15:54,071
of our experience.

1701
01:15:54,114 --> 01:15:58,554
For yesterday is gone,
and tomorrow is only a vision.

1702
01:15:58,597 --> 01:16:00,251
But today well-lived

1703
01:16:00,294 --> 01:16:04,037
makes every yesterday
a dream of happiness,

1704
01:16:04,081 --> 01:16:07,388
and every tomorrow
a vision of hope.

1705
01:16:07,432 --> 01:16:11,088
Look well, therefore,
unto this day."

1706
01:16:12,611 --> 01:16:14,918
[♪♪♪]

1707
01:16:48,647 --> 01:16:51,432
[♪♪♪]