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♪

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[Dramatic music plays]

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♪

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♪

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♪

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♪

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Attenborough: Much of our planet
still remains unexplored...

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♪

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...for most of it
is covered by water.

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♪

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Every journey below the surface

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can reveal
something extraordinary.

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♪

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More than 1,000 new species
are discovered here every year.

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♪

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♪

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The ocean is home
to 80% of all animal life

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on planet Earth.

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♪

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But today,
thriving in this varied world

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sometimes demands
the most surprising behavior.

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♪

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♪

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♪

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The shallow seas of the tropics.

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[Water rushing]

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This may look like a paradise.

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But beneath the surface,
it is an arena

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for constant life and death
struggles,

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where not everything
is quite as it seems.

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[Dramatic music plays]

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♪

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A predatory lionfish...

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♪

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...on the hunt for shrimp
and small fish.

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♪

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With so many places for its prey
to hide,

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the lionfish has to be patient.

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♪

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This shrimp appears tempting.

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♪

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As the lionfish closes in,

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it fans out its fins
to disorientate its prey.

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♪

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♪

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The hunter becomes the hunted.

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♪

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Tricked by one
of the shallow seas'

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most extraordinary predators...

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♪

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...a clown frogfish.

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♪

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On its head,
it carries a fishing rod,

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a modified dorsal fin
baited with a lure

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easily mistaken for a shrimp.

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♪

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♪

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But when the fish stop biting,

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it's time to pack the rod away
and move on.

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♪

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And for a frogfish,
that takes time.

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♪

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♪

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Rather than swim, frogfish walk.

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♪

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Its fins have, in effect,
become feet.

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♪

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It may not look pretty,
but what appears to be coral

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living on its skin
is actually camouflage.

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♪

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♪

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As every good angler knows,

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picking the right spot
is important.

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♪

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Jigging the rod sends out
pressure waves

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to attract the attention
of possible prey.

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These dragonets are
certainly interested.

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Almost there.

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[Dramatic music plays]

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♪

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♪

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Hook, line and sinker.

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♪

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-Do you know this place?
-It's the old Mayfair house.

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-What do you know about it?
-It's famous for its witches.

86
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What?

87
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I don't understand anything
that's happening.

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Ciprien: I'm assigned to observe
the unexplained.

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Your gift is thestrongest thing
I've ever felt.

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Woman: The devil forms.

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Man: You know you're special,
don't you?

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Can you feel it?

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♪♪

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Like all shallow seas,

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the cold waters off the coast
of North America benefit

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from the intensity
of the sunshine.

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♪

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Here, that fuels one of
the fastest-growing organisms

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on the planet...

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giant kelp.

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♪

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Towering forests can eventually
reach the height

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of a 12-story building.

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♪

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♪

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These forests are nurseries
for young horn sharks.

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As the sun begins to set,
they leave their daytime shelter

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and set off into the heart
of the kelp forest

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to find food.

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♪

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Barely half a meter long,

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this little shark
is extremely vulnerable.

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♪

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There are monsters here --

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a giant sea bass
weighing over 200 kilograms.

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♪

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And wolf eels with big teeth

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that can crush
little red sea urchins.

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♪

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But the biggest danger
comes from other sharks...

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♪

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...hound sharks.

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♪

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And huge broadnose sevengills.

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♪

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♪

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In this forest, it pays to keep
a low profile.

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♪

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♪

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♪

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♪

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An angel shark...

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♪

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...one of the most deadly sharks
in the kelp forest,

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and certainly
the best camouflaged.

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♪

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An angel shark will lie in wait
for days.

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♪

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Now, this one

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has already attracted

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too much attention.

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♪

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It's not welcome here.

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♪

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Now the coast is clear.

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But angel sharks hunt
around the clock.

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♪

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Openings for breathing
called spiracles

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blow out sand
that helps cover its body.

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♪

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The trap is set.

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♪

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♪

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Staying close to the seabed

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is a good way
to avoid most predators.

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♪

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♪

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♪

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♪

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♪

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Faster than the blink of an eye.

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But it's not over yet.

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♪

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♪

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Horn sharks
have a secret weapon...

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♪

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...sharp spikes keep them
very much off the menu for most.

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♪

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So this young horn shark
can hunt in safety...

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for now.

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♪

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♪

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♪

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Violent winter storms batter
these kelp forests.

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♪

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The plants can be ripped
from the sea floor...

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♪

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...and carried away
far out to sea.

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♪

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The open ocean is a vast,
featureless desert.

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♪

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Even a small piece of drifting
kelp can become valuable.

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♪

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♪

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It's just what these fish
have been searching for.

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♪

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Here, shelter where eggs can be
laid unobtrusively is rare,

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so they make the most of it.

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♪

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Each female produces up
to 1,000 eggs,

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and the males rush in
to fertilize them.

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♪

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00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:10,640
♪

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00:16:10,760 --> 00:16:16,080
All this activity attracts
the attention of blue sharks.

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♪

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00:16:18,920 --> 00:16:22,160
They can travel thousands
of miles through the ocean

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in search of food...

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♪

199
00:16:28,520 --> 00:16:31,320
...and they may not have eaten
for weeks.

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♪

201
00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:35,800
It seems that they're in luck.

202
00:16:35,960 --> 00:16:43,880
♪

203
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,920
But these fish are no easy meal.

204
00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:54,120
♪

205
00:16:54,240 --> 00:16:56,120
They are flying fish.

206
00:16:56,280 --> 00:17:06,200
♪

207
00:17:06,360 --> 00:17:16,040
♪

208
00:17:16,200 --> 00:17:25,880
♪

209
00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:35,720
♪

210
00:17:35,880 --> 00:17:45,520
♪

211
00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:55,640
♪

212
00:17:55,760 --> 00:18:00,320
The blue shark, however,
are not here for the fish.

213
00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:07,440
They have come for the caviar.

214
00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:24,920
But flying fish lay so many eggs

215
00:18:25,040 --> 00:18:28,560
that the sharks' feasts
hardly make an impact.

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♪

217
00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:39,040
And in a few months time,

218
00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:42,440
a new generation
will take to the skies.

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00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:48,880
♪

220
00:18:49,040 --> 00:18:55,360
♪

221
00:18:55,480 --> 00:19:00,360
Floating islands of weed are
always attractive to creatures

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00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:05,280
looking for shelter out
in the big blue.

223
00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:07,080
But in today's ocean,

224
00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:10,480
they're being replaced
by something else...

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00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:17,040
plastic.

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00:19:19,120 --> 00:19:24,000
12 million tons of it end up
in the ocean every year.

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00:19:27,480 --> 00:19:32,640
The deadliest kind are discarded
fishing lines and nets.

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00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:40,040
Each year, it's likely over half
a million animals

229
00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:45,040
are ensnared and killed
by these ghost nets.

230
00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:56,360
But some animals are learning

231
00:19:56,480 --> 00:20:00,640
how to take advantage
of the plastic rafts...

232
00:20:02,760 --> 00:20:07,360
and use them for shelter
or even as a home.

233
00:20:07,520 --> 00:20:10,160
♪

234
00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:12,680
This male Columbus crab,

235
00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:17,280
barely bigger than your
thumbnail, is a castaway.

236
00:20:17,440 --> 00:20:20,560
♪

237
00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:22,320
Clinging to his net,

238
00:20:22,440 --> 00:20:26,280
he may have been drifting
on ocean currents for months.

239
00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:29,080
♪

240
00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:35,400
Now fully grown,
he needs to find a partner.

241
00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:37,640
But where?

242
00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:40,560
[Dolphins calling]

243
00:20:40,720 --> 00:20:45,400
♪

244
00:20:45,560 --> 00:20:50,280
Certainly not here,
alone on the net.

245
00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:59,560
♪

246
00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:02,240
Columbus crabs
are not good swimmers.

247
00:21:02,360 --> 00:21:04,840
So this male is marooned.

248
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:14,520
♪

249
00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:16,960
Perhaps a passing
loggerhead turtle

250
00:21:17,080 --> 00:21:19,520
could be the chance
to hitch a lift.

251
00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:28,200
♪

252
00:21:28,360 --> 00:21:36,680
♪

253
00:21:36,840 --> 00:21:45,120
♪

254
00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:53,840
♪

255
00:21:54,000 --> 00:22:02,320
♪

256
00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:10,760
♪

257
00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:12,920
Made it.

258
00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,000
♪

259
00:22:15,120 --> 00:22:19,320
But there is more
than one passenger here --

260
00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:22,680
a female Columbus Crab.

261
00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:30,000
♪

262
00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:34,000
They waste no time
in getting acquainted.

263
00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:37,440
♪

264
00:22:37,560 --> 00:22:39,600
And start to mate.

265
00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:47,400
♪

266
00:22:47,480 --> 00:22:52,480
This pair may well stay together
for the rest of their lives.

267
00:22:52,640 --> 00:23:02,160
♪

268
00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:06,840
The turtle, after all,
makes an excellent home.

269
00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:15,040
♪

270
00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:20,120
In return, the crabs provide
an onboard grooming service.

271
00:23:20,280 --> 00:23:27,840
♪

272
00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:35,440
♪

273
00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:43,160
♪

274
00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:47,160
♪

275
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:57,200
Finding a partner
in the vast ocean is not easy.

276
00:23:57,360 --> 00:24:03,480
♪

277
00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:07,160
Dawn in the Sea of Cortez.

278
00:24:07,320 --> 00:24:15,120
♪

279
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:23,240
♪

280
00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:30,920
♪

281
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:33,280
Mobula rays.

282
00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:43,160
♪

283
00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:53,320
♪

284
00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:57,240
They're gathering here
most likely to breed.

285
00:24:57,400 --> 00:25:01,920
♪

286
00:25:02,040 --> 00:25:05,000
No one is sure why they leap,

287
00:25:05,120 --> 00:25:09,960
but the loud splashes certainly
seem to attract more rays.

288
00:25:10,120 --> 00:25:14,120
♪

289
00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:18,680
Other creatures, however,
are also listening.

290
00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:28,560
♪

291
00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:32,440
Orca have heard the splashes.

292
00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:39,240
♪

293
00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:46,080
♪

294
00:25:46,240 --> 00:25:53,160
♪

295
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:58,120
This female specializes
in hunting rays.

296
00:25:58,280 --> 00:26:04,960
♪

297
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,560
But today, she is teaching
two youngsters

298
00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:12,880
the finer points
of mobula ray hunting.

299
00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:18,640
♪

300
00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:24,360
♪

301
00:26:24,520 --> 00:26:28,360
The rays are fast
and can outmaneuver an orca.

302
00:26:28,440 --> 00:26:29,960
[Orca calling]

303
00:26:30,120 --> 00:26:37,320
♪

304
00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:42,120
She knows she needs to herd
the prey into a tight group.

305
00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:46,920
♪

306
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,360
But she can't do that
on her own.

307
00:26:50,480 --> 00:26:54,400
It'll take teamwork.

308
00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:56,920
And that is today's lesson.

309
00:26:57,080 --> 00:27:04,960
♪

310
00:27:05,080 --> 00:27:08,320
The young orca
are quick to catch on.

311
00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:12,960
♪

312
00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:16,080
The rays are surrounded.

313
00:27:16,240 --> 00:27:19,960
♪

314
00:27:20,080 --> 00:27:21,560
They dive...

315
00:27:21,720 --> 00:27:25,160
♪

316
00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:28,120
...only to be forced back up
again

317
00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:30,640
by the experienced female.

318
00:27:30,800 --> 00:27:34,160
♪

319
00:27:34,240 --> 00:27:36,520
And now, with the exhausted rays

320
00:27:36,680 --> 00:27:41,240
trapped against the surface,
she attacks.

321
00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:47,760
♪

322
00:27:47,920 --> 00:27:54,600
♪

323
00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:58,880
And the young ones
follow her lead.

324
00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:08,000
♪

325
00:28:08,120 --> 00:28:14,240
This family are the only orca
known to hunt whales like this,

326
00:28:14,360 --> 00:28:16,880
and they are lethally efficient.

327
00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:22,280
♪

328
00:28:22,360 --> 00:28:26,720
But it appears that school
is over for today.

329
00:28:26,880 --> 00:28:28,480
♪

330
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:31,040
For a few battle-scarred
survivors,

331
00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:33,480
it's a lucky reprieve.

332
00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:36,920
♪

333
00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:40,320
♪

334
00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:44,080
♪

335
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:49,080
With the orca gone, the rays
can resume their courtship.

336
00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:57,040
♪

337
00:28:57,120 --> 00:29:01,200
And they do so in
astounding numbers.

338
00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:10,000
♪

339
00:29:10,120 --> 00:29:15,120
Tens of thousands of rays
in a single show.

340
00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:22,200
♪

341
00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:25,480
♪

342
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:36,240
Vast areas of our ocean
are yet to be explored.

343
00:29:36,360 --> 00:29:41,560
The least known parts of it
are its great depths.

344
00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:45,240
[Radio chatter]

345
00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:51,520
Only highly specialized
vessels can take you there.

346
00:29:56,800 --> 00:30:01,280
As you descend,
the sunlight rapidly fades.

347
00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:07,480
♪

348
00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:12,640
200 meters down,
you enter the twilight zone..

349
00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:19,440
♪

350
00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:26,120
...an alien world inhabited
by creatures beyond imagination.

351
00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:33,080
♪

352
00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:40,080
♪

353
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:47,280
♪

354
00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:49,800
The Siphonophore.

355
00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:53,840
With a cloak
of lethal stinging tentacles...

356
00:30:54,000 --> 00:31:00,120
♪

357
00:31:00,280 --> 00:31:06,440
♪

358
00:31:06,560 --> 00:31:11,360
...Siphonophores repeatedly
clone themselves and so grow

359
00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:13,560
to immense lengths.

360
00:31:13,720 --> 00:31:17,840
♪

361
00:31:17,960 --> 00:31:21,040
This one measures 45 meters

362
00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:24,160
and is the longest animal
ever recorded.

363
00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:28,600
♪

364
00:31:28,720 --> 00:31:31,000
With such deadly predators
around,

365
00:31:31,120 --> 00:31:35,160
creatures here go
to great lengths to hide.

366
00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:45,160
♪

367
00:31:45,280 --> 00:31:49,200
A glass squid,

368
00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:54,640
completely transparent
except for its eyes...

369
00:31:54,800 --> 00:31:57,840
♪

370
00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:01,400
...and stomach.

371
00:32:01,520 --> 00:32:06,080
So it is extremely difficult
to find in the gloom.

372
00:32:06,240 --> 00:32:12,840
♪

373
00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:19,640
♪

374
00:32:19,800 --> 00:32:26,640
♪

375
00:32:26,760 --> 00:32:29,280
Below 1,000 meters,

376
00:32:29,400 --> 00:32:33,080
all traces of sunlight
have disappeared.

377
00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:35,360
♪

378
00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:39,160
This is the midnight zone.

379
00:32:39,320 --> 00:32:44,200
♪

380
00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:49,440
Catching food in the perpetual
darkness is not easy.

381
00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:56,240
♪

382
00:32:56,400 --> 00:33:02,800
♪

383
00:33:02,960 --> 00:33:09,440
♪

384
00:33:09,560 --> 00:33:11,720
A gulper eel.

385
00:33:11,880 --> 00:33:19,760
♪

386
00:33:19,880 --> 00:33:22,400
Its giant, extendable mouth

387
00:33:22,520 --> 00:33:26,200
can engulf prey larger
than its own body.

388
00:33:26,360 --> 00:33:33,840
♪

389
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:41,440
♪

390
00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:49,320
♪

391
00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:51,120
Two miles down,

392
00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:55,120
you finally reach
the ocean floor.

393
00:33:55,280 --> 00:33:59,920
♪

394
00:34:00,040 --> 00:34:04,200
We know more about
the surface of Mars.

395
00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:08,880
♪

396
00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:12,520
The pressure of the water
is 300 times greater

397
00:34:12,640 --> 00:34:19,600
than at the surface,
and it's freezing cold.

398
00:34:19,720 --> 00:34:24,680
Yet, amazingly, there are
animals living here.

399
00:34:24,840 --> 00:34:30,000
♪

400
00:34:30,120 --> 00:34:36,880
Muusoctopus robustus,
nicknamed the Pearl octopus.

401
00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:39,080
♪

402
00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:42,200
Breeding in these
extreme conditions

403
00:34:42,320 --> 00:34:45,800
poses a particular problem
for these animals.

404
00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:49,000
♪

405
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:51,400
At these low temperatures,

406
00:34:51,520 --> 00:34:56,840
this female's eggs could
take over ten years to develop.

407
00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:05,040
♪

408
00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:09,920
So she travels to
a very special place.

409
00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:16,600
♪

410
00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:23,600
♪

411
00:35:23,720 --> 00:35:27,440
This is the largest known
gathering of octopus

412
00:35:27,560 --> 00:35:29,440
in the world.

413
00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:38,720
♪

414
00:35:38,840 --> 00:35:44,720
She joins 20,000 other females,

415
00:35:44,840 --> 00:35:48,200
all here to lay their eggs.

416
00:35:48,360 --> 00:35:53,880
♪

417
00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:57,960
Water heated deep
in the Earth's crust

418
00:35:58,080 --> 00:36:02,760
rises through cracks
in the seabed,

419
00:36:02,880 --> 00:36:09,400
raising the temperature to
as much as 10 degrees Celsius --

420
00:36:09,520 --> 00:36:12,920
a deep sea thermal spa.

421
00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:17,680
♪

422
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:20,280
This warmth
significantly speeds up

423
00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:23,640
the development of their eggs.

424
00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:28,280
Even so, they will still
take nearly two years to hatch.

425
00:36:28,440 --> 00:36:30,360
♪

426
00:36:30,480 --> 00:36:36,480
Once a female is settled,
she won't move from her spot,

427
00:36:36,600 --> 00:36:38,800
not even to feed.

428
00:36:38,960 --> 00:36:44,360
♪

429
00:36:44,520 --> 00:36:50,280
♪

430
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:57,240
She will constantly tend to her
brood, keeping them clean

431
00:36:57,360 --> 00:37:01,280
and oxygenating them
with jets of water.

432
00:37:01,440 --> 00:37:05,680
♪

433
00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:07,320
Pearl octopus mothers

434
00:37:07,440 --> 00:37:11,320
must surely be amongst
the most devoted.

435
00:37:11,480 --> 00:37:19,600
♪

436
00:37:19,760 --> 00:37:28,080
♪

437
00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:34,200
After almost two years,
the ordeal takes its toll.

438
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:40,640
♪

439
00:37:40,760 --> 00:37:43,440
But the vigil is almost over.

440
00:37:43,600 --> 00:37:53,080
♪

441
00:37:53,240 --> 00:38:03,000
♪

442
00:38:03,160 --> 00:38:12,640
♪

443
00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:22,320
♪

444
00:38:22,480 --> 00:38:32,200
♪

445
00:38:32,360 --> 00:38:42,160
♪

446
00:38:42,280 --> 00:38:46,560
The last of the brood are gently
encouraged to leave.

447
00:38:46,720 --> 00:38:54,320
♪

448
00:38:54,440 --> 00:38:58,840
But this will be a final act.

449
00:38:58,960 --> 00:39:01,720
Like all the mothers here,

450
00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:05,960
this octopus is starved
and exhausted.

451
00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:08,400
♪

452
00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:11,400
Her life will soon be over.

453
00:39:11,560 --> 00:39:20,200
♪

454
00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:29,560
♪

455
00:39:29,680 --> 00:39:33,920
But this devotion means that her
offspring are among the largest

456
00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:38,200
and most developed
of any octopus

457
00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:40,840
and have the best chance
of survival

458
00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:43,560
in the demanding world
of the deep.

459
00:39:43,720 --> 00:39:51,640
♪

460
00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:54,040
♪

461
00:40:00,280 --> 00:40:04,920
We are finding more of these
strange hot springs every year.

462
00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:10,200
♪

463
00:40:10,360 --> 00:40:15,520
♪

464
00:40:15,640 --> 00:40:21,960
In some places, they can be
astonishingly violent.

465
00:40:22,080 --> 00:40:25,480
Superheated water hot enough
to melt lead

466
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:29,800
spouts from the sea floor.

467
00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:33,000
Dissolved minerals condense
around them to form

468
00:40:33,120 --> 00:40:37,400
towering chimneys
known as hydrothermal vents.

469
00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:41,640
♪

470
00:40:41,760 --> 00:40:45,200
They are home to unique
communities of animals

471
00:40:45,320 --> 00:40:49,720
that all rely on the nutrients
in the scalding water.

472
00:40:49,880 --> 00:40:59,320
♪

473
00:40:59,480 --> 00:41:03,080
Some suggest that vents
like these could be the places

474
00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:07,720
where life on Earth
first began 4 billion years ago.

475
00:41:07,880 --> 00:41:15,120
♪

476
00:41:15,240 --> 00:41:18,440
And there is now evidence
of hydrothermal vents

477
00:41:18,560 --> 00:41:23,240
on the moons
of Jupiter and Saturn.

478
00:41:23,360 --> 00:41:26,720
Could they too
be supporting life?

479
00:41:26,880 --> 00:41:30,920
♪

480
00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:35,040
Here on Earth,
the influence of these vents

481
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:39,720
extends
far beyond their chimneys.

482
00:41:39,840 --> 00:41:43,160
The essential nutrients carried
in these plumes

483
00:41:43,280 --> 00:41:47,680
can rise all the way
to the surface two miles above.

484
00:41:47,840 --> 00:41:53,320
♪

485
00:41:53,440 --> 00:41:58,320
Here, they stimulate the rapid
growth of tiny marine plants

486
00:41:58,440 --> 00:42:01,680
on an astronomic scale.

487
00:42:01,840 --> 00:42:07,800
♪

488
00:42:07,920 --> 00:42:11,280
This phytoplankton
is so abundant

489
00:42:11,400 --> 00:42:15,680
that it produces half of all
the oxygen on Earth.

490
00:42:15,840 --> 00:42:21,640
♪

491
00:42:21,800 --> 00:42:27,520
♪

492
00:42:27,680 --> 00:42:33,720
♪

493
00:42:33,800 --> 00:42:39,480
It's also food for a host
of minute animals --

494
00:42:39,560 --> 00:42:41,520
zooplankton.

495
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:43,760
♪

496
00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:47,200
Together, they are the basis
of the food chains

497
00:42:47,320 --> 00:42:51,120
that sustain
nearly all life in the ocean.

498
00:42:51,280 --> 00:42:55,920
♪

499
00:42:56,040 --> 00:42:59,600
In the Pacific waters off
South America,

500
00:42:59,720 --> 00:43:04,800
they feed anchovy
that gather here in billions.

501
00:43:04,960 --> 00:43:11,120
♪

502
00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:17,920
♪

503
00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:22,240
This is one of the world's
most productive ecosystems.

504
00:43:22,400 --> 00:43:27,800
♪

505
00:43:27,960 --> 00:43:33,600
♪

506
00:43:33,720 --> 00:43:38,080
These South American sea lions
are on the hunt.

507
00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:48,000
♪

508
00:43:48,160 --> 00:43:57,880
♪

509
00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:01,640
But the anchovy shoal
has already been located...

510
00:44:01,800 --> 00:44:07,280
♪

511
00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:11,160
...by the planet's
most efficient hunters.

512
00:44:11,320 --> 00:44:14,240
♪

513
00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:18,720
A net over half a mile long
encircles the shoal.

514
00:44:18,880 --> 00:44:21,760
♪

515
00:44:21,880 --> 00:44:25,200
It can trap over a million fish.

516
00:44:26,640 --> 00:44:30,640
[Seagulls calling]

517
00:44:36,880 --> 00:44:39,920
But the sea lions aren't about
to go hungry.

518
00:44:41,960 --> 00:44:45,800
They have learned to look
for holes in the net.

519
00:44:56,000 --> 00:45:02,400
Why waste energy when food
comes to you as easily as this?

520
00:45:09,640 --> 00:45:12,760
As more and more sea lions
arrive,

521
00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:16,080
some change their tactics.

522
00:45:16,240 --> 00:45:23,280
♪

523
00:45:23,400 --> 00:45:27,640
They line up on both sides
of the net

524
00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:30,080
and wait.

525
00:45:30,240 --> 00:45:37,160
♪

526
00:45:37,320 --> 00:45:44,520
♪

527
00:45:44,640 --> 00:45:49,560
As the net tightens, the anchovy
panic and rush for the surface.

528
00:45:49,720 --> 00:45:52,280
♪

529
00:45:52,400 --> 00:45:55,960
[Sea lions barking]

530
00:45:56,080 --> 00:45:59,440
This is the moment the sea lions
have been waiting for.

531
00:45:59,600 --> 00:46:06,600
♪

532
00:46:06,760 --> 00:46:14,040
♪

533
00:46:14,160 --> 00:46:16,240
It's such an effective way
of hunting

534
00:46:16,360 --> 00:46:18,440
that the sea lions here
are changing

535
00:46:18,560 --> 00:46:20,480
their natural behavior...

536
00:46:20,640 --> 00:46:23,800
♪

537
00:46:23,920 --> 00:46:27,600
...and are raiding
the fishing nets

538
00:46:27,720 --> 00:46:29,560
in their thousands.

539
00:46:29,720 --> 00:46:37,640
♪

540
00:46:37,760 --> 00:46:40,040
With the net almost drawn in,

541
00:46:40,160 --> 00:46:43,280
the fishermen beat out
a warning signal.

542
00:46:43,400 --> 00:46:46,520
[Banging]

543
00:46:46,640 --> 00:46:48,680
Time is up.

544
00:46:48,840 --> 00:46:58,600
♪

545
00:46:58,720 --> 00:47:02,080
[Banging, men shouting]

546
00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:04,480
♪

547
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:08,160
[Sea lions barking]

548
00:47:08,320 --> 00:47:18,160
♪

549
00:47:18,280 --> 00:47:22,560
In the confusion,
not everyone manages to escape.

550
00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:30,600
♪

551
00:47:30,720 --> 00:47:35,200
The trapped sea lions
are in danger of being drowned.

552
00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:42,280
♪

553
00:47:42,440 --> 00:47:49,520
♪

554
00:47:49,680 --> 00:47:57,040
♪

555
00:47:57,160 --> 00:48:00,080
Pups are separated
from their mothers.

556
00:48:00,240 --> 00:48:09,400
♪

557
00:48:09,560 --> 00:48:18,960
♪

558
00:48:19,080 --> 00:48:22,160
[Sea lions calling]

559
00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:30,480
♪

560
00:48:30,640 --> 00:48:39,000
♪

561
00:48:39,160 --> 00:48:47,240
♪

562
00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:55,760
♪

563
00:48:55,920 --> 00:49:04,320
♪

564
00:49:04,440 --> 00:49:06,280
Then, at the last minute,

565
00:49:06,400 --> 00:49:09,080
the fisherman briefly
drop their net.

566
00:49:09,240 --> 00:49:16,240
♪

567
00:49:16,360 --> 00:49:19,520
And the trapped sea lions
can escape.

568
00:49:19,680 --> 00:49:27,800
♪

569
00:49:27,920 --> 00:49:30,840
But many are not so lucky.

570
00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:32,520
♪

571
00:49:32,640 --> 00:49:35,080
Around the world,

572
00:49:35,200 --> 00:49:39,040
millions of animals
are accidentally caught and die

573
00:49:39,160 --> 00:49:42,280
in fishing nets every day.

574
00:49:42,440 --> 00:49:44,560
♪

575
00:49:44,680 --> 00:49:48,080
And this bycatch, as it's known,

576
00:49:48,200 --> 00:49:52,160
is pushing many species
toward extinction.

577
00:49:52,320 --> 00:49:56,600
♪

578
00:49:56,720 --> 00:49:59,640
Animals have evolved
in remarkable ways

579
00:49:59,760 --> 00:50:03,120
to the demands of life
in the ocean.

580
00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:07,080
♪

581
00:50:07,200 --> 00:50:11,440
But can they now adapt
to the new challenge --

582
00:50:11,560 --> 00:50:14,120
living alongside us?

583
00:50:14,280 --> 00:50:21,400
♪

584
00:50:23,120 --> 00:50:31,240
♪

585
00:50:31,360 --> 00:50:33,360
Attenborough:
The open ocean is home

586
00:50:33,440 --> 00:50:36,360
to some of the largest
and most extraordinary animals

587
00:50:36,480 --> 00:50:39,560
on Earth.

588
00:50:39,680 --> 00:50:42,040
But here,
off the Canary Islands,

589
00:50:42,160 --> 00:50:44,160
the "Planet Earth" team
are searching for one

590
00:50:44,280 --> 00:50:48,200
of its smaller
and less familiar residents.

591
00:50:48,320 --> 00:50:50,360
We're looking for a tiny
creature called a Columbus Crab,

592
00:50:50,480 --> 00:50:52,960
which is only about
the size of your thumbnail,

593
00:50:53,120 --> 00:50:56,440
which live on floating objects
in the open ocean.

594
00:50:56,560 --> 00:50:58,400
Columbus crabs were once

595
00:50:58,480 --> 00:51:01,800
only found on natural debris
like driftwood or seaweed.

596
00:51:01,920 --> 00:51:03,840
But the oceans are changing,

597
00:51:03,960 --> 00:51:06,000
and they've been
forced to adapt.

598
00:51:19,280 --> 00:51:21,000
♪

599
00:51:21,120 --> 00:51:22,840
One of the most common items
they find

600
00:51:22,960 --> 00:51:27,520
is discarded fishing gear.

601
00:51:27,640 --> 00:51:34,120
Over a million tons is left
adrift in the ocean each year,

602
00:51:34,240 --> 00:51:36,920
and Columbus crabs are now
making their homes

603
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:40,080
on these unnatural materials.

604
00:51:46,880 --> 00:51:48,800
Surprisingly, Columbus crabs

605
00:51:48,920 --> 00:51:51,920
are thriving
on this new habitat.

606
00:51:55,440 --> 00:52:00,480
But for larger ocean creatures,
these nets can be lethal.

607
00:52:02,360 --> 00:52:06,600
Loggerhead sea turtles
are especially vulnerable.

608
00:52:09,960 --> 00:52:14,120
Many times, they are
very injured, and many times,

609
00:52:14,240 --> 00:52:16,840
they don't even survive.

610
00:52:16,920 --> 00:52:20,960
It's a sad situation.

611
00:52:21,040 --> 00:52:23,160
As a rule,
wildlife filmmakers

612
00:52:23,280 --> 00:52:27,000
observe natural behavior
and do not interfere.

613
00:52:30,680 --> 00:52:33,920
But this is far from natural.

614
00:52:34,040 --> 00:52:36,800
The team feel
they must take action.

615
00:52:46,920 --> 00:52:49,800
[Man shushing]

616
00:52:49,920 --> 00:52:52,000
It seems that the turtle
is quite okay.

617
00:52:52,120 --> 00:52:54,520
We'll just finish to cut
the plastic,

618
00:52:54,600 --> 00:52:57,080
and then we release it.

619
00:52:59,320 --> 00:53:01,880
♪

620
00:53:02,040 --> 00:53:04,280
[Conversing in native language]

621
00:53:04,440 --> 00:53:13,040
♪

622
00:53:13,200 --> 00:53:17,000
It's a bittersweet moment,
as this is one of eight turtles

623
00:53:17,080 --> 00:53:20,680
they rescued
whilst filming here.

624
00:53:20,800 --> 00:53:25,160
This situation is not natural.
It's something that is being

625
00:53:25,280 --> 00:53:26,840
caused by human beings.

626
00:53:27,000 --> 00:53:29,280
♪

627
00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:32,560
Sadly, the crew now
face dilemmas like this

628
00:53:32,720 --> 00:53:35,640
on many of
their filming expeditions.

629
00:53:38,200 --> 00:53:42,120
Including when they traveled
to the Pacific coast of Chile

630
00:53:42,240 --> 00:53:45,160
to show how sea lions
are competing for food

631
00:53:45,280 --> 00:53:47,920
with one of the biggest
fisheries on Earth.

632
00:53:48,080 --> 00:53:52,760
♪

633
00:53:52,920 --> 00:53:55,640
Expedition leader
Fernando Olivares

634
00:53:55,720 --> 00:53:58,080
takes the team to the fleet.

635
00:53:58,240 --> 00:54:04,920
♪

636
00:54:05,000 --> 00:54:08,280
Diving near fishing nets
is extremely dangerous,

637
00:54:08,400 --> 00:54:10,160
so the crew must ensure

638
00:54:10,280 --> 00:54:14,040
they have the full cooperation
of the fisherman.

639
00:54:29,320 --> 00:54:38,040
♪

640
00:54:38,160 --> 00:54:41,160
Pretty hazardous place
to dive.

641
00:54:41,280 --> 00:54:43,000
Just a case of trying
to keep an eye on the divers.

642
00:54:43,120 --> 00:54:46,120
But the sea lions also like
to go down and blow bubbles.

643
00:54:46,240 --> 00:54:47,640
So you'll think
you're following the divers,

644
00:54:47,760 --> 00:54:49,840
and then a sea lion will pop up.

645
00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:55,840
♪

646
00:54:55,920 --> 00:54:59,800
Taking the utmost care,
the divers get a close up view

647
00:54:59,920 --> 00:55:03,200
of the sheer scale
of the operation.

648
00:55:03,360 --> 00:55:08,720
♪

649
00:55:08,880 --> 00:55:12,040
This one there must have
about 15 tons of fish in it,

650
00:55:12,160 --> 00:55:15,160
and there's 8 or 9 boats
in this one little bay.

651
00:55:15,280 --> 00:55:17,040
And these are just
the small boats out there.

652
00:55:17,160 --> 00:55:18,360
There are huge factory ships

653
00:55:18,480 --> 00:55:22,200
that are taking
even bigger catches.

654
00:55:22,360 --> 00:55:24,640
How much fish a year
from -- just from here?

655
00:55:24,800 --> 00:55:28,840
From a million tons a year,
more or less.

656
00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:36,480
♪

657
00:55:36,600 --> 00:55:39,320
The catches are so vast,

658
00:55:39,440 --> 00:55:42,280
that sea lions have changed
their natural behavior

659
00:55:42,360 --> 00:55:46,240
to collect anchovies
directly from the nets.

660
00:55:46,400 --> 00:55:49,560
♪

661
00:55:49,680 --> 00:55:53,160
It's a risky strategy.

662
00:55:53,280 --> 00:55:58,160
The crew witnessed sea lions
caught in nets multiple times.

663
00:55:58,280 --> 00:56:01,800
Whoa. It's intense, mate.
There's so many in there.

664
00:56:01,920 --> 00:56:04,080
[Fishermen shouting]

665
00:56:04,200 --> 00:56:07,800
[Sea lions calling]

666
00:56:07,920 --> 00:56:10,040
There's a pup stuck in the net,
calling to its mother,

667
00:56:10,160 --> 00:56:12,000
and its mother is just on
the outside of the net,

668
00:56:12,120 --> 00:56:13,960
calling back.

669
00:56:14,120 --> 00:56:20,360
♪

670
00:56:20,520 --> 00:56:22,560
That's really hard to watch.

671
00:56:22,680 --> 00:56:24,280
[Men shouting indistinctly]

672
00:56:24,440 --> 00:56:27,800
♪

673
00:56:27,920 --> 00:56:30,120
The pup's really
panicking now.

674
00:56:30,280 --> 00:56:32,480
♪

675
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:38,440
Sometimes, fishermen are able
to release trapped sea lions.

676
00:56:38,520 --> 00:56:40,400
But not this time.

677
00:56:40,560 --> 00:56:42,600
♪

678
00:56:42,720 --> 00:56:47,280
The pup is in serious danger.

679
00:56:47,400 --> 00:56:52,320
Once again,
the crew decide to step in.

680
00:56:57,320 --> 00:57:00,400
[Sea lions calling]

681
00:57:00,560 --> 00:57:09,840
♪

682
00:57:10,000 --> 00:57:19,160
♪

683
00:57:19,280 --> 00:57:21,240
Wow.

684
00:57:21,360 --> 00:57:23,040
[Laughs]

685
00:57:23,200 --> 00:57:25,640
♪

686
00:57:25,760 --> 00:57:27,560
Nice. Really nice.

687
00:57:27,720 --> 00:57:29,920
♪

688
00:57:30,040 --> 00:57:32,080
It's a relief this time.

689
00:57:32,240 --> 00:57:34,400
♪

690
00:57:34,520 --> 00:57:39,920
But it highlights the new
realities of filming wildlife

691
00:57:40,040 --> 00:57:42,400
in today's changing ocean.

692
00:57:42,560 --> 00:57:48,920
♪

693
00:57:50,800 --> 00:57:58,600
♪

694
00:57:58,760 --> 00:58:07,160
♪

695
00:58:07,320 --> 00:58:15,880
♪

696
00:58:16,040 --> 00:58:19,040
♪

697
00:58:19,640 --> 00:58:25,160
♪♪

698
00:58:25,160 --> 00:58:30,840
Attenborough: Here, life is
forced to do things differently

699
00:58:30,840 --> 00:58:34,280
and nature is
at its most spectacular.

700
00:58:34,280 --> 00:58:37,960
♪♪

701
00:58:37,960 --> 00:58:43,360
♪ Close your eyes [Elephant trumpets]

702
00:58:43,360 --> 00:58:44,440
This is...