1 00:00:20,194 --> 00:00:23,284 [SAM] My ancestors came from here. 2 00:00:23,414 --> 00:00:25,164 They were taken from Africa in chains. 3 00:00:25,286 --> 00:00:26,846 ♪ 4 00:00:26,983 --> 00:00:30,473 During the slave trade, more than 12 million Africans 5 00:00:30,595 --> 00:00:32,545 were trafficked across the Atlantic 6 00:00:32,684 --> 00:00:35,344 to North and South America and the Caribbean. 7 00:00:35,470 --> 00:00:37,820 ♪ 8 00:00:37,950 --> 00:00:42,350 More than 2 million died en route. 9 00:00:42,477 --> 00:00:47,307 ♪ 10 00:00:47,438 --> 00:00:49,918 For 400 years, the traffic in Africans 11 00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:54,270 was an accepted part of life in the Western world. 12 00:00:54,402 --> 00:00:56,452 How did people justify this? 13 00:00:56,578 --> 00:00:59,488 ♪ 14 00:00:59,624 --> 00:01:01,504 [whimpering] 15 00:01:01,626 --> 00:01:04,056 [KRAMER] The story of the slave trade is world history. 16 00:01:04,194 --> 00:01:06,544 It's a world shame. 17 00:01:06,675 --> 00:01:10,285 [KINGA] We're talking about going down 350 feet 18 00:01:10,418 --> 00:01:12,158 to the depths of the ocean. 19 00:01:12,289 --> 00:01:13,069 You have to come to terms with it. 20 00:01:13,203 --> 00:01:14,293 You have to confront it. 21 00:01:14,422 --> 00:01:16,252 ♪ 22 00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:17,730 Diving and investigating sunken slave ships 23 00:01:17,860 --> 00:01:21,340 will reveal much about this overlooked history. 24 00:01:21,472 --> 00:01:23,392 But to understand the broader picture 25 00:01:23,518 --> 00:01:25,738 behind the transatlantic slave trade, 26 00:01:25,868 --> 00:01:27,568 I'm enlisting the help 27 00:01:27,696 --> 00:01:30,566 of two award-winning investigative journalists. 28 00:01:30,699 --> 00:01:33,309 Every part of the system encouraged abuse. 29 00:01:33,441 --> 00:01:36,441 What happened to them and why? 30 00:01:36,574 --> 00:01:40,454 All of these Europeans thought that it was compatible 31 00:01:40,578 --> 00:01:43,278 to conduct this horrific trade, and at the same time 32 00:01:43,407 --> 00:01:44,407 these guys were going in to church 33 00:01:44,539 --> 00:01:46,889 and saying their prayers every day. 34 00:01:48,673 --> 00:01:51,243 Until that point, faith was everything. 35 00:01:51,372 --> 00:01:53,942 - Yes. - Suddenly faith was not enough. 36 00:01:54,070 --> 00:01:56,290 Now it was all about blood. 37 00:01:56,420 --> 00:01:57,940 NATHALIE: It would've been utterly 38 00:01:58,074 --> 00:02:00,644 terrifying and miserable. 39 00:02:00,772 --> 00:02:03,732 There were diagrams which showed the most effective way to pack 40 00:02:03,862 --> 00:02:06,392 the largest number of captives into a given space. 41 00:02:06,517 --> 00:02:09,477 ♪ 42 00:02:09,607 --> 00:02:11,957 This is what it is, man's inhumanity to man, 43 00:02:12,088 --> 00:02:14,998 and this is almost like the capital of it. 44 00:02:15,135 --> 00:02:19,355 ♪ 45 00:02:19,487 --> 00:02:22,357 [creaking, clack] 46 00:02:22,490 --> 00:02:31,370 ♪ 47 00:02:31,499 --> 00:02:32,979 [seabirds calling] 48 00:02:33,109 --> 00:02:35,629 We've come to the English Channel to investigate 49 00:02:35,764 --> 00:02:40,254 a 350-year-old unidentified slave ship 50 00:02:40,377 --> 00:02:42,467 that scientists call "35F." 51 00:02:42,597 --> 00:02:45,207 We're briefed by Dr. Sean Kingsley, 52 00:02:45,339 --> 00:02:46,819 an expert on the wreck. 53 00:02:46,949 --> 00:02:50,519 SEAN: The tragedy of site "35F" is this ship 54 00:02:50,648 --> 00:02:53,348 was wrecked within a day's sail of England 55 00:02:53,477 --> 00:02:55,037 at the very front door of the United Kingdom. 56 00:02:55,175 --> 00:02:57,695 ♪ 57 00:02:57,829 --> 00:03:04,009 Sometime between 1672 and 1685, "35F" sailed from England. 58 00:03:04,140 --> 00:03:06,530 It was bound for West Africa. 59 00:03:06,664 --> 00:03:09,804 The ship almost certainly set out from London, 60 00:03:09,928 --> 00:03:14,018 perhaps for modern Ghana, a 5 to 7-week journey. 61 00:03:14,150 --> 00:03:17,590 It was owned by the Royal African Company. 62 00:03:17,719 --> 00:03:19,719 At the time, the King of England, 63 00:03:19,851 --> 00:03:23,731 Charles the II, had a monopoly on the slave trade, 64 00:03:23,855 --> 00:03:26,815 and this was a company ship. 65 00:03:26,945 --> 00:03:30,595 [waves and storm sounds] 66 00:03:30,732 --> 00:03:33,472 On its way back to England, 67 00:03:33,604 --> 00:03:36,134 the slave ship hit a storm and went down. 68 00:03:36,259 --> 00:03:50,799 ♪ 69 00:03:50,926 --> 00:03:54,706 "35F" was located by marine researchers in the early 2000s, 70 00:03:54,843 --> 00:03:59,673 photographed by robotic camera, and largely forgotten. 71 00:03:59,804 --> 00:04:02,244 This particular ship is probably the earliest slaver 72 00:04:02,372 --> 00:04:03,852 in the world ever found. 73 00:04:03,982 --> 00:04:06,722 And in this period, in the 1680s, 74 00:04:06,855 --> 00:04:09,245 the Royal Africa Company was importing around 75 00:04:09,379 --> 00:04:11,769 5,000 slaves every year. 76 00:04:11,903 --> 00:04:14,603 And we know that vessels like this had the capacity 77 00:04:14,732 --> 00:04:17,432 to carry 650 slaves. 78 00:04:17,561 --> 00:04:19,741 If you look carefully and zoom in, 79 00:04:19,868 --> 00:04:21,868 you can see remains of these iron cannons 80 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:24,570 and copper manilla bracelets -- 81 00:04:24,699 --> 00:04:26,919 primitive currency that were used 82 00:04:27,049 --> 00:04:31,789 to barter with West Africa for elephants, gold, and slaves. 83 00:04:31,923 --> 00:04:35,453 All these types of material culture are typical of a ship 84 00:04:35,579 --> 00:04:37,889 that's going out to West Africa to participate 85 00:04:38,016 --> 00:04:41,886 in the slave trade. 86 00:04:42,020 --> 00:04:44,890 So no one has put eyes on this wreck for 10 years now. 87 00:04:45,023 --> 00:04:47,033 We don't know if it still even exists. 88 00:04:47,156 --> 00:04:49,936 So your mission is to get out there, rediscover the site, 89 00:04:50,072 --> 00:04:53,472 and see what other bits of information you can extract 90 00:04:53,597 --> 00:04:55,597 to add to our story. 91 00:04:55,730 --> 00:04:56,730 SACHA: Let's take a look at the charts. 92 00:04:56,861 --> 00:04:59,731 Well, this is the western approaches. 93 00:04:59,864 --> 00:05:03,434 This is England. Over here to the south is France. 94 00:05:03,564 --> 00:05:04,874 Out where I'm standing is the Atlantic. 95 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,660 And the big motion of the sea, it's coming in here. 96 00:05:08,786 --> 00:05:10,306 It's getting compressed between France and England. 97 00:05:10,440 --> 00:05:12,530 The waves become higher, 98 00:05:12,660 --> 00:05:13,700 and the sea becomes more disturbed. 99 00:05:13,835 --> 00:05:15,525 And that's why we've got around 100 00:05:15,663 --> 00:05:18,973 5,700 shipwrecks around the British Isles. 101 00:05:19,101 --> 00:05:21,801 And when there was a storm here, it was the perfect storm. 102 00:05:21,930 --> 00:05:24,670 To dive this, we need conditions to be good. 103 00:05:24,802 --> 00:05:26,762 We need them to be calm, flat. 104 00:05:26,891 --> 00:05:28,241 For all those factors to come together, 105 00:05:28,371 --> 00:05:32,201 it's just going to present a small window of opportunity. 106 00:05:32,332 --> 00:05:34,332 ♪ 107 00:05:34,464 --> 00:05:35,344 [seabirds calling] 108 00:05:35,465 --> 00:05:37,375 JOSH: So this is it. 109 00:05:37,511 --> 00:05:39,691 It's not gonna be an easy one, 110 00:05:39,817 --> 00:05:43,597 as the wreck is about 45 miles away from land. 111 00:05:43,734 --> 00:05:46,694 We have the coordinates of the shipwreck site. 112 00:05:46,824 --> 00:05:47,834 And to find it again, we'll be using one of the most 113 00:05:47,956 --> 00:05:50,646 advanced research vessels available. 114 00:05:50,785 --> 00:05:54,955 ♪ 115 00:05:55,093 --> 00:05:57,973 The local crew is very experienced, 116 00:05:58,096 --> 00:06:00,356 and they know how treacherous and unpredictable 117 00:06:00,490 --> 00:06:02,270 the waters can be. 118 00:06:02,405 --> 00:06:05,835 ♪ 119 00:06:05,974 --> 00:06:09,024 My dad is British, but my mom is Bahamian, 120 00:06:09,151 --> 00:06:12,631 descended from slaves that were brought over from Africa, 121 00:06:12,763 --> 00:06:15,423 so I'm straddling these two lives, 122 00:06:15,549 --> 00:06:18,069 these two ancestry lines. 123 00:06:18,203 --> 00:06:23,213 This is probably the oldest slaver ever discovered, 124 00:06:23,339 --> 00:06:26,299 so with that information, I-I suddenly... 125 00:06:26,429 --> 00:06:29,649 my shoulders droop, and I feel this weight of responsibility. 126 00:06:29,780 --> 00:06:31,740 ♪ 127 00:06:31,869 --> 00:06:35,869 The story of the slave trade is world history. 128 00:06:36,004 --> 00:06:38,184 England was involved in it. Portugal was involved in it. 129 00:06:38,310 --> 00:06:41,010 The French were involved in it. The Dutch were involved in it. 130 00:06:41,139 --> 00:06:43,399 The Africans were involved in it, right? 131 00:06:43,533 --> 00:06:46,193 It's a world shame. 132 00:06:46,318 --> 00:06:50,498 The world bears responsibility for it. 133 00:06:50,627 --> 00:06:51,757 You have to come to terms with it. 134 00:06:51,889 --> 00:06:53,759 You have to confront it. 135 00:06:53,891 --> 00:06:55,631 [CREW MEMBER] One mile away from target. 136 00:06:55,763 --> 00:07:05,603 ♪ 137 00:07:05,729 --> 00:07:09,989 AFUA: "35F" would have come to a fort like this one. 138 00:07:10,125 --> 00:07:13,735 More than 30 of them dotted the coast of West Africa. 139 00:07:13,868 --> 00:07:17,048 They were used as trading posts and dungeons, 140 00:07:17,175 --> 00:07:19,865 where Africans were collected and processed 141 00:07:20,004 --> 00:07:22,754 before being loaded onto slave ships. 142 00:07:22,877 --> 00:07:30,967 ♪ 143 00:07:31,102 --> 00:07:33,542 The Portuguese came first, but after that, 144 00:07:33,670 --> 00:07:34,980 almost every European power 145 00:07:35,106 --> 00:07:36,666 tried to get their hands on Elmina at one point, 146 00:07:36,804 --> 00:07:37,114 because it was a strategic location. 147 00:07:37,239 --> 00:07:39,199 Right. 148 00:07:39,328 --> 00:07:43,328 By the 1700s, the slave trade was the main business going on. 149 00:07:43,463 --> 00:07:50,733 ♪ 150 00:07:50,861 --> 00:07:53,081 So one of the things that most strikes me, Sam, 151 00:07:53,211 --> 00:07:53,821 about coming in here, is that building. 152 00:07:53,951 --> 00:07:56,211 This part right here. 153 00:07:56,345 --> 00:07:57,685 Yeah. This square bit in the middle. 154 00:07:57,825 --> 00:08:00,125 - Okay. - That is a church. 155 00:08:00,262 --> 00:08:05,922 As this castle became a primary site for slave traders-- 156 00:08:06,050 --> 00:08:07,750 Is this the Protestant church or the Catholic church? 157 00:08:07,878 --> 00:08:08,878 Well, initially it was a Catholic church. 158 00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:11,100 - Of course. - But when the British 159 00:08:11,229 --> 00:08:13,139 took it over, they continued to use it as a Protestant church. 160 00:08:13,275 --> 00:08:17,315 All of these Europeans thought that it was compatible 161 00:08:17,453 --> 00:08:20,893 to conduct this absolutely horrific trade 162 00:08:21,022 --> 00:08:22,982 in the dungeons of this building. 163 00:08:23,111 --> 00:08:24,681 And at the same time, these guys were going into church 164 00:08:24,808 --> 00:08:25,418 and saying their prayers every day. 165 00:08:25,548 --> 00:08:34,988 ♪ 166 00:08:35,123 --> 00:08:38,043 One of the things that I think is most upsetting 167 00:08:38,169 --> 00:08:40,129 is the kind of sexual abuse that happened here. 168 00:08:40,258 --> 00:08:42,778 So in the governor's bedroom, there's a trap door 169 00:08:42,913 --> 00:08:45,963 in the floor, and it leads through some ladders 170 00:08:46,090 --> 00:08:49,440 directly down into the women's dungeon. 171 00:08:49,572 --> 00:08:56,412 [echoes of women sobbing faintly] 172 00:08:56,536 --> 00:08:59,356 ♪ 173 00:08:59,495 --> 00:09:01,795 One of them would be selected and brought 174 00:09:01,932 --> 00:09:03,542 straight up to the officer's bedroom. 175 00:09:03,673 --> 00:09:05,153 Washed, because they were kept in a state of filth down there. 176 00:09:05,283 --> 00:09:07,073 - Yeah, of course. - And then he would rape her. 177 00:09:07,198 --> 00:09:11,158 And he would just have free access to these women and girls. 178 00:09:11,289 --> 00:09:14,599 I'm sure there were little boys who were subjected to the same. 179 00:09:14,728 --> 00:09:15,948 Yeah. 180 00:09:16,077 --> 00:09:17,987 ♪ 181 00:09:18,122 --> 00:09:21,912 So it's a bit complicated for me when I come here. 182 00:09:22,039 --> 00:09:26,909 I have Ghanaian family, and I don't know if anyone 183 00:09:27,044 --> 00:09:30,094 who's related to me was actually trafficked in slavery, 184 00:09:30,221 --> 00:09:35,011 but I do know that my sixth great-grandfather lived here, 185 00:09:35,139 --> 00:09:38,709 not as an enslaved person, but as a slave trader. 186 00:09:38,839 --> 00:09:40,189 He was Dutch. 187 00:09:40,318 --> 00:09:41,798 He worked for the Dutch West India Company... 188 00:09:41,929 --> 00:09:44,849 - He came here to trade. - Hmm. 189 00:09:44,975 --> 00:09:46,625 ...reading not very deeply between the lines. 190 00:09:46,760 --> 00:09:47,850 Mm-hmm. 191 00:09:47,978 --> 00:09:49,198 He would have been trading slaves. 192 00:09:49,327 --> 00:09:51,027 And he had a child, as so many of the European men 193 00:09:51,155 --> 00:09:53,285 who came here did, with a local woman. 194 00:09:53,418 --> 00:09:55,288 I don't know the circumstances of their relationship. 195 00:09:55,420 --> 00:09:57,030 Could it have been consensual? It's hard to imagine. 196 00:09:57,161 --> 00:09:57,991 Doubt it. 197 00:09:58,119 --> 00:09:59,819 I don't know anything about her. 198 00:09:59,947 --> 00:10:02,907 So you got skin in the game. 199 00:10:03,037 --> 00:10:04,907 - I've got skin in the game. - Ahh... 200 00:10:05,039 --> 00:10:06,819 This place really means something to me. 201 00:10:06,954 --> 00:10:09,874 ♪ 202 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:11,870 [echoes of screaming and indistinct shouting] 203 00:10:12,002 --> 00:10:15,142 As it pulled into port, perhaps to Elmina, 204 00:10:15,266 --> 00:10:19,266 "35F" was carrying thousands of manillas, 205 00:10:19,401 --> 00:10:23,101 a currency invented by Europeans to trade in Africa 206 00:10:23,231 --> 00:10:27,841 for people, gold, and elephant tusks. 207 00:10:27,975 --> 00:10:31,065 ♪ 208 00:10:31,195 --> 00:10:33,145 Once they finished their business, 209 00:10:33,284 --> 00:10:37,254 they set sail for Caribbean slave markets. 210 00:10:37,375 --> 00:10:40,985 To protect its valuable cargo from pirates, 211 00:10:41,118 --> 00:10:44,028 the ship was heavily armed with dozens of cannons. 212 00:10:44,165 --> 00:10:46,855 [rattling] 213 00:10:46,994 --> 00:10:52,094 ♪ 214 00:10:52,216 --> 00:10:53,696 After five hours, we're finally approaching 215 00:10:53,827 --> 00:10:55,047 shipwreck site "35F." 216 00:10:55,176 --> 00:11:00,136 ♪ 217 00:11:00,268 --> 00:11:03,008 For the initial survey, we're deploying the ROV. 218 00:11:03,140 --> 00:11:06,750 ♪ 219 00:11:06,883 --> 00:11:08,063 [MAN] We're over the target. 220 00:11:08,189 --> 00:11:10,059 Ready to bring down the ROV. 221 00:11:10,191 --> 00:11:12,761 Yeah. Copy that. Over and 10. 222 00:11:12,889 --> 00:11:16,239 [whirring] 223 00:11:16,371 --> 00:11:19,031 It's like a remote-controlled submarine, 224 00:11:19,156 --> 00:11:22,196 equipped with cameras, sonar, and various sensors 225 00:11:22,333 --> 00:11:25,083 which allow the crew to see what's at the seabed. 226 00:11:25,206 --> 00:11:31,296 ♪ 227 00:11:31,429 --> 00:11:33,869 Okay. Ready for dive in. 228 00:11:33,997 --> 00:11:36,217 [sonar whirring] 229 00:11:36,347 --> 00:11:40,217 The live images are fed to us in the ROV control room. 230 00:11:40,351 --> 00:11:42,831 Hopefully, there are still remains of the shipwreck, 231 00:11:42,963 --> 00:11:43,923 and we'll find something down there. 232 00:11:44,051 --> 00:11:45,621 ♪ 233 00:11:45,748 --> 00:11:47,228 [whirring] 234 00:11:47,358 --> 00:11:50,008 We'll be down in about five minutes to the seabed. 235 00:11:50,144 --> 00:11:51,974 5 minutes to go 330 feet. 236 00:11:52,102 --> 00:11:53,892 Yeah, it's a bit quicker than a dive, eh? 237 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:00,890 Okay. So we're 106 meters now. Should be close to the seabed. 238 00:12:01,024 --> 00:12:03,034 I'm just going to slow my descent. 239 00:12:03,157 --> 00:12:05,807 [speaking all at once] 240 00:12:05,942 --> 00:12:09,082 - Wow, look at that. - The seabed 241 00:12:09,206 --> 00:12:11,246 at 108 and 1/2 meters. 242 00:12:11,382 --> 00:12:15,472 The seabed is over 360 feet below the surface, 243 00:12:15,604 --> 00:12:17,044 and right now, there's absolutely 244 00:12:17,171 --> 00:12:19,221 no sign of any wreckage. 245 00:12:19,347 --> 00:12:23,437 Could possibly all be gone, either from, um... 246 00:12:23,568 --> 00:12:28,178 fishing, or it could possibly be covered up by sediment. 247 00:12:28,312 --> 00:12:30,402 Good timing. They're coming up on the sonar here. 248 00:12:30,532 --> 00:12:32,102 Okay. 249 00:12:32,229 --> 00:12:33,359 What is this? Like, I see some kind of... 250 00:12:33,491 --> 00:12:35,971 looks like debris or wreck in the sonar, right? 251 00:12:36,103 --> 00:12:38,193 Yeah. All these bright sections here... 252 00:12:38,322 --> 00:12:40,242 - Yeah. - ...is stuff elevated 253 00:12:40,368 --> 00:12:41,408 off the seabed. 254 00:12:41,543 --> 00:12:43,893 Let's head a bit west. 255 00:12:44,024 --> 00:12:49,074 ♪ 256 00:12:49,203 --> 00:12:52,163 We search the ocean bed for hours and nothing. 257 00:12:52,293 --> 00:12:54,033 ♪ 258 00:12:54,164 --> 00:12:55,994 And then suddenly, something came up. 259 00:12:56,123 --> 00:12:59,213 ♪ 260 00:12:59,343 --> 00:13:01,083 Okay. We've got something hot coming up on the sonar 261 00:13:01,215 --> 00:13:03,035 just ahead, to the right. 262 00:13:03,173 --> 00:13:03,783 Wait, that... that right there. Right there! 263 00:13:03,913 --> 00:13:05,093 Oh, yeah, right. 264 00:13:05,219 --> 00:13:06,609 Just to the bottom of the right screen. 265 00:13:06,742 --> 00:13:09,092 Okay. I'm gonna move into that and have a closer look. 266 00:13:09,223 --> 00:13:12,923 This... looks like it could be metallic. 267 00:13:13,053 --> 00:13:14,053 ♪ 268 00:13:14,184 --> 00:13:16,674 - Mallory, what is that? - It's a cannon. 269 00:13:16,796 --> 00:13:25,146 ♪ 270 00:13:25,282 --> 00:13:27,892 Sasha, can you please put a waypoint down? 271 00:13:28,024 --> 00:13:30,034 We've just located a cannon. 272 00:13:30,157 --> 00:13:31,717 Waypoint placed. 273 00:13:31,854 --> 00:13:32,904 Thank you. 274 00:13:33,029 --> 00:13:34,989 It's the back end of the cannon. 275 00:13:35,118 --> 00:13:37,208 - Oh, okay. - It's the cascabel. 276 00:13:37,338 --> 00:13:39,208 - You can really see that shape. - Oh, wow. 277 00:13:39,340 --> 00:13:40,560 - That's incredible. - Wow. 278 00:13:40,689 --> 00:13:41,999 Let's see what else is around there. 279 00:13:42,125 --> 00:13:43,515 This is very good. 280 00:13:43,648 --> 00:13:45,428 Okay. I'm going to move on now to the next target. 281 00:13:45,563 --> 00:13:47,043 Let's pull back in. 282 00:13:47,174 --> 00:13:48,314 We've got a lot of targets to look at. 283 00:13:48,436 --> 00:13:50,386 Wait, wait, wait, slow down. What's this? 284 00:13:50,525 --> 00:13:52,875 - It's bone. - That's something. 285 00:13:53,006 --> 00:13:55,096 Hang on. Let me just move closer. 286 00:13:55,225 --> 00:13:57,005 I think it's coming now. That's a tusk. 287 00:13:57,140 --> 00:13:57,580 - What? - Oh, my gosh. [laughs] 288 00:13:57,706 --> 00:13:59,356 Look at that. 289 00:13:59,490 --> 00:14:02,020 Sasha, can you please take a fix? We found a tusk. 290 00:14:02,145 --> 00:14:06,105 ♪ 291 00:14:06,236 --> 00:14:08,406 Oh, my gosh. That's so incredible. 292 00:14:08,543 --> 00:14:09,943 It's been exposed for quite a while. 293 00:14:10,066 --> 00:14:11,286 You see all the growth on it? 294 00:14:11,415 --> 00:14:12,895 These items have been on the sea floor 295 00:14:13,026 --> 00:14:15,676 for, you know, 300, 400 years. 296 00:14:15,811 --> 00:14:17,161 People don't realize that these merchants 297 00:14:17,291 --> 00:14:21,301 were trafficking in Africans and ivory. 298 00:14:21,425 --> 00:14:22,595 Yeah. 299 00:14:22,731 --> 00:14:23,691 So... so finding something like this... 300 00:14:23,819 --> 00:14:25,209 So what's the plan now? 301 00:14:25,342 --> 00:14:28,042 Well, I think that we now need to discuss diving operations. 302 00:14:28,171 --> 00:14:29,481 This is what we want to bring up. 303 00:14:29,607 --> 00:14:31,257 Yes, I think this would be important to bring up. 304 00:14:31,392 --> 00:14:34,402 [whirring] 305 00:14:34,525 --> 00:14:37,215 Unfortunately, retrieving the tusk is not so simple. 306 00:14:37,354 --> 00:14:40,884 Maritime law forbids mechanical devices from touching artifacts 307 00:14:41,010 --> 00:14:43,230 on the ocean floor. 308 00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:46,970 If we want the tusk, we've got to go down and get it. 309 00:14:47,103 --> 00:14:49,153 [whirring] 310 00:14:49,279 --> 00:14:51,979 But diving this deep can be very dangerous. 311 00:14:52,108 --> 00:14:55,548 [whirring] 312 00:14:55,677 --> 00:14:58,377 We're talking about 108 meters. I mean, none of us here... 313 00:14:58,506 --> 00:15:00,156 even Kramer, who's a tech diver, 314 00:15:00,290 --> 00:15:00,900 that--that's beyond his limits, you know? 315 00:15:01,030 --> 00:15:03,380 That's risky business. 316 00:15:03,511 --> 00:15:05,381 Well, the first question is, should we do it? 317 00:15:05,513 --> 00:15:07,383 Bringing this tusk up is... 318 00:15:07,515 --> 00:15:10,205 is going to be raising the voices of people 319 00:15:10,344 --> 00:15:11,914 who didn't have a voice. 320 00:15:12,041 --> 00:15:15,351 That tusk was worth maybe even hundreds of lives of slaves. 321 00:15:15,479 --> 00:15:17,739 It's giving people like you and like me 322 00:15:17,873 --> 00:15:20,273 an artifact to attach to. 323 00:15:20,397 --> 00:15:24,527 That tusk is a symbol of the pillaging of Africa. 324 00:15:24,662 --> 00:15:27,272 And I think that speaks really, really strongly. 325 00:15:27,404 --> 00:15:28,974 It can help a lot of people identify with that. 326 00:15:29,102 --> 00:15:30,542 Absolutely, you should do it. 327 00:15:30,668 --> 00:15:35,408 But how--how do we do this in the safest way possible? 328 00:15:35,543 --> 00:15:37,553 It is deep, but there is a way we can dive it safely, 329 00:15:37,675 --> 00:15:39,545 using rebreathers and mixed gases. 330 00:15:39,677 --> 00:15:42,417 Everything needs to be aligned perfectly. 331 00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:44,330 We need great conditions, good dive planning, 332 00:15:44,465 --> 00:15:46,505 and a great support team. 333 00:15:46,641 --> 00:15:50,211 Well, our options are either tell the story or walk away. 334 00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:52,430 And unless we bring something up, really, 335 00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:55,300 we're only telling a portion of the story. 336 00:15:55,432 --> 00:15:58,312 So from what I'm hearing, I guess we're going for it. 337 00:15:58,435 --> 00:16:00,215 - I think we should. - I think we can do it. 338 00:16:00,350 --> 00:16:03,440 ♪ 339 00:16:03,571 --> 00:16:06,311 We return to shore to gear up for this complicated dive. 340 00:16:06,443 --> 00:16:09,143 ♪ 341 00:16:09,272 --> 00:16:13,192 As wreck site "35F" slowly decays 342 00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:15,410 and will eventually vanish, 343 00:16:15,539 --> 00:16:18,329 the preservation of this crucial bit of history 344 00:16:18,455 --> 00:16:21,195 now relies on our success. 345 00:16:21,328 --> 00:16:28,548 ♪ 346 00:16:28,683 --> 00:16:30,643 Just off these small islands, 347 00:16:30,772 --> 00:16:34,522 only a few hours' sail from where "35F" foundered, 348 00:16:34,645 --> 00:16:38,475 relics from the heart of the slave trade were discovered. 349 00:16:38,606 --> 00:16:39,646 The items were salvaged from the wreck 350 00:16:39,781 --> 00:16:43,741 of a British slave ship called the "Duoro." 351 00:16:43,872 --> 00:16:47,402 They're key to understanding the transatlantic slave trade. 352 00:16:47,528 --> 00:16:49,698 And for the last few decades, 353 00:16:49,834 --> 00:16:53,234 they've been stored in a local diver's garage. 354 00:16:53,360 --> 00:16:54,840 Did you discover the "Duoro"? 355 00:16:54,970 --> 00:17:00,760 Yes. We discovered the "Duoro" back in 1972. 356 00:17:00,889 --> 00:17:03,199 And, uh, everything is kept in here. 357 00:17:03,326 --> 00:17:06,366 We've got 30 years of diving work. 358 00:17:06,503 --> 00:17:08,773 ♪ 359 00:17:08,897 --> 00:17:10,457 All this stuff is from the "Duoro"? 360 00:17:10,594 --> 00:17:14,164 All this stuff is from the "Duoro," yes. 361 00:17:14,294 --> 00:17:16,344 We've found piles and piles of these, 362 00:17:16,470 --> 00:17:18,250 which we just didn't know what they were. 363 00:17:18,385 --> 00:17:19,425 And what are they? 364 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:21,610 Well, later on we discovered 365 00:17:21,736 --> 00:17:25,306 they were manillas, which are slave tokens, 366 00:17:25,435 --> 00:17:28,305 and each one of those was worth one slave each. 367 00:17:28,438 --> 00:17:30,348 Let me get this straight. This is currency. 368 00:17:30,484 --> 00:17:31,534 Currency. 369 00:17:31,659 --> 00:17:34,009 And this fake currency, really... 370 00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:35,580 Yes. 371 00:17:35,706 --> 00:17:37,056 ...was created to be used in Africa 372 00:17:37,186 --> 00:17:38,796 to buy a human being. 373 00:17:38,927 --> 00:17:41,317 One human being. 374 00:17:41,451 --> 00:17:44,451 Yes, it's quite humbling, isn't it, 375 00:17:44,585 --> 00:17:45,625 thinking about it, really? 376 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:48,330 Well, I just got goosebumps, really. 377 00:17:48,458 --> 00:17:49,548 - A shudder went through me. - I'm sure. 378 00:17:49,677 --> 00:17:52,157 That's how things were in those days, of course, 379 00:17:52,288 --> 00:17:54,548 and they made them in Birmingham, 380 00:17:54,682 --> 00:17:56,472 shipped them out to the west coast of Africa, 381 00:17:56,597 --> 00:17:58,507 filled the ship full of slaves, 382 00:17:58,642 --> 00:18:00,382 and took them over to the West Indies. 383 00:18:00,514 --> 00:18:04,564 We probably lifted 2 or 3 ton of them. 384 00:18:04,692 --> 00:18:06,352 Thousands. Piles of these? 385 00:18:06,476 --> 00:18:09,176 Piles. I mean, they were 4-foot-high, 386 00:18:09,305 --> 00:18:11,215 probably as big as this shed. 387 00:18:11,351 --> 00:18:14,141 Apart from these, that are worth one slave, 388 00:18:14,267 --> 00:18:16,567 these were worth seven. 389 00:18:16,704 --> 00:18:19,584 - That's called an aggry. - Blue glass beads. 390 00:18:19,707 --> 00:18:22,317 We never did find out what these were worth. 391 00:18:22,449 --> 00:18:25,369 Obviously worth more. Maybe 15 people. 392 00:18:25,495 --> 00:18:26,665 - 15 human beings. - Possibly, possibly. 393 00:18:26,801 --> 00:18:30,851 I've seen a manilla as big as that. 394 00:18:30,979 --> 00:18:33,459 And they were called king manillas, 395 00:18:33,590 --> 00:18:37,460 and they were worth a hundred slaves each. 396 00:18:37,594 --> 00:18:39,474 I guess in a sense it shouldn't surprise us because 397 00:18:39,596 --> 00:18:41,376 literally millions of people were trafficked. 398 00:18:41,511 --> 00:18:42,861 Yes. 399 00:18:42,991 --> 00:18:47,341 But we--but I never knew what they were trafficked for. 400 00:18:47,474 --> 00:18:50,174 I notice something here-- this spoon. 401 00:18:50,303 --> 00:18:52,613 [clatter] 402 00:18:52,740 --> 00:18:55,440 And this spoon-- 403 00:18:55,569 --> 00:18:59,229 it brings to life the people who...the crew. 404 00:18:59,355 --> 00:19:00,525 Mm-hmm. 405 00:19:00,661 --> 00:19:02,451 The people who weren't below. 406 00:19:02,576 --> 00:19:05,536 Life of the traders, not the life of the traded. 407 00:19:05,666 --> 00:19:07,576 That's right. That's right. 408 00:19:07,711 --> 00:19:09,581 What's that? 409 00:19:09,713 --> 00:19:12,243 - That's an old pocket watch... - No. 410 00:19:12,368 --> 00:19:13,368 ...or what's left of a pocket watch. 411 00:19:13,500 --> 00:19:16,420 ♪ 412 00:19:16,546 --> 00:19:18,586 I didn't show you this. There's a razor in there. 413 00:19:18,722 --> 00:19:21,382 Oh, wow. 414 00:19:21,508 --> 00:19:24,468 Yeah. Who would last use that? 415 00:19:24,598 --> 00:19:28,378 This looks like a fork. It's a silver fork. 416 00:19:28,515 --> 00:19:30,465 Yes, so it would've belonged 417 00:19:30,604 --> 00:19:33,484 to a high-ranking officer or the captain 418 00:19:33,607 --> 00:19:36,387 because no one else would have silver. 419 00:19:36,523 --> 00:19:39,003 ♪ 420 00:19:39,134 --> 00:19:41,314 It just suddenly occurred to me just looking 421 00:19:41,441 --> 00:19:43,401 at these artifacts, that by themselves, 422 00:19:43,530 --> 00:19:46,530 you know, it's a spoon, it's a razor, 423 00:19:46,663 --> 00:19:50,323 but really what we have here is a set of two lives. 424 00:19:50,450 --> 00:19:53,500 One is worth nothing. It's worth this. 425 00:19:53,627 --> 00:19:54,797 And the others they have, 426 00:19:54,932 --> 00:19:56,502 you know, he's got a pocket watch, 427 00:19:56,630 --> 00:19:58,630 he's got a silver fork, he's got a pipe. 428 00:19:58,762 --> 00:19:59,722 Yeah. 429 00:19:59,850 --> 00:20:02,420 While the people below are... 430 00:20:02,549 --> 00:20:03,849 - Are dying. - ...are dying. 431 00:20:03,985 --> 00:20:06,415 They're just squashed in down below as cargo. 432 00:20:06,553 --> 00:20:07,903 - They're car- - Cargo. 433 00:20:08,032 --> 00:20:08,602 - ...cargo. - Yeah. 434 00:20:08,729 --> 00:20:18,519 ♪ 435 00:20:18,652 --> 00:20:24,442 Sailboats had existed for thousands of years 436 00:20:24,571 --> 00:20:26,141 before the transatlantic slave trade. 437 00:20:26,268 --> 00:20:29,838 But one key technological development in the 15th century 438 00:20:29,967 --> 00:20:32,967 made it possible to turn the looting of Africa 439 00:20:33,101 --> 00:20:35,501 into a business. 440 00:20:35,625 --> 00:20:38,405 Sailing ships of that era are so beautiful. 441 00:20:38,541 --> 00:20:39,801 It's sort of hard to imagine. 442 00:20:39,934 --> 00:20:41,814 You could go to all the way to West Africa, 443 00:20:41,936 --> 00:20:43,626 you could go to Brazil in this. 444 00:20:43,764 --> 00:20:46,164 It's a whole little wooden world. 445 00:20:46,288 --> 00:20:56,818 ♪ 446 00:20:56,951 --> 00:21:00,611 How did these sails transform the business 447 00:21:00,737 --> 00:21:02,517 of the slave trade? 448 00:21:02,652 --> 00:21:03,782 Well, you'll see that the sails are kind of set 449 00:21:03,914 --> 00:21:06,444 at an angle, and that's the innovation that we see 450 00:21:06,569 --> 00:21:08,879 coming about in the 15th century. 451 00:21:09,006 --> 00:21:12,576 Because before that, sails were set flat, and you had to wait 452 00:21:12,706 --> 00:21:14,706 for a wind to push the ship from behind, 453 00:21:14,838 --> 00:21:17,838 but if you didn't get that wind, you couldn't go anywhere. 454 00:21:17,972 --> 00:21:19,582 Whereas with the angle, that meant they could catch the wind 455 00:21:19,713 --> 00:21:20,763 from many directions. 456 00:21:20,888 --> 00:21:22,538 They could basically sail into the wind. 457 00:21:22,672 --> 00:21:25,372 So the triangular sails made it all possible? 458 00:21:25,501 --> 00:21:27,721 Yes, this changes the duration. 459 00:21:27,851 --> 00:21:30,421 It changes how far you could go out into the ocean. 460 00:21:30,550 --> 00:21:32,510 It really was an absolute game-changer. 461 00:21:32,639 --> 00:21:35,209 And you think of pioneering technology as 462 00:21:35,337 --> 00:21:38,117 a positive thing, but it's just heartbreaking that Europeans 463 00:21:38,253 --> 00:21:41,393 saw this as an opportunity to really embark 464 00:21:41,517 --> 00:21:43,297 on their most evil project. 465 00:21:43,432 --> 00:21:44,782 It really was. 466 00:21:44,912 --> 00:21:46,832 You know, if these sails hadn't been developed, 467 00:21:46,957 --> 00:21:49,607 Europeans would never had been able to go southwards 468 00:21:49,743 --> 00:21:51,833 and along the western coast of Africa 469 00:21:51,962 --> 00:21:56,752 to begin taking Africans as enslaved captives. 470 00:21:56,880 --> 00:21:59,450 What were conditions actually like for the captives 471 00:21:59,579 --> 00:22:01,579 who then got caught up in that trade? 472 00:22:01,711 --> 00:22:02,671 I think we should go down where the captives 473 00:22:02,799 --> 00:22:04,109 would've been held. 474 00:22:04,235 --> 00:22:06,185 And it's very, very steep. Be careful. 475 00:22:06,325 --> 00:22:12,635 ♪ 476 00:22:12,766 --> 00:22:15,196 So this is the hold. 477 00:22:15,334 --> 00:22:18,384 And it's really oppressive down here, just the atmosphere 478 00:22:18,511 --> 00:22:19,731 and the lack of space. 479 00:22:19,860 --> 00:22:21,690 And the smell---it's so musty. 480 00:22:21,818 --> 00:22:23,948 You can see there's not really any ventilation. 481 00:22:24,081 --> 00:22:27,691 It would've been utterly terrifying and miserable. 482 00:22:27,824 --> 00:22:29,744 The first thing you have to imagine is the stench. 483 00:22:29,870 --> 00:22:32,000 ♪ 484 00:22:32,133 --> 00:22:36,623 Hundreds of people all crammed together very tightly, 485 00:22:36,746 --> 00:22:38,966 in some cases, having to urinate and defecate 486 00:22:39,096 --> 00:22:40,836 where they're lying. 487 00:22:40,968 --> 00:22:43,838 You would hear them crying, screaming, moaning, 488 00:22:43,971 --> 00:22:48,021 begging for death, calling upon their gods to save them. 489 00:22:48,149 --> 00:22:49,849 [crying] 490 00:22:49,977 --> 00:22:54,627 There were actually diagrams issued which showed 491 00:22:54,764 --> 00:22:57,384 the most effective way to pack the largest number of captives 492 00:22:57,506 --> 00:22:59,806 into a given space. 493 00:22:59,943 --> 00:23:02,953 And there's not an inch between one person and the next. 494 00:23:03,077 --> 00:23:07,997 [echoes of coughing and moaning] 495 00:23:08,125 --> 00:23:11,685 Some captains did what they called loose packing. 496 00:23:11,825 --> 00:23:14,125 This was not based on humanitarian reasons, 497 00:23:14,262 --> 00:23:18,182 but simply the idea that if they were not so crammed together, 498 00:23:18,309 --> 00:23:21,099 they would be less likely to become ill. 499 00:23:21,225 --> 00:23:25,665 Actual time and thought was put into how to design 500 00:23:25,795 --> 00:23:27,965 this kind of inhumane arrangement. 501 00:23:28,102 --> 00:23:29,412 Yes, this was the era of the enlightenment. 502 00:23:29,538 --> 00:23:31,108 This is scientific. 503 00:23:31,235 --> 00:23:34,235 Were captives down here ever allowed up there on deck? 504 00:23:34,369 --> 00:23:36,849 There was a concern that their health would suffer 505 00:23:36,980 --> 00:23:38,810 if they were not allowed to get up and move around, 506 00:23:38,939 --> 00:23:40,679 so they would go up on deck, 507 00:23:40,810 --> 00:23:43,640 and the captives would be commanded to dance. 508 00:23:43,770 --> 00:23:45,550 If their muscles wasted away, 509 00:23:45,685 --> 00:23:47,815 if they were emaciated and withered, 510 00:23:47,948 --> 00:23:49,818 they would not sell well. 511 00:23:49,950 --> 00:23:51,690 [shouting indistinctly] 512 00:23:51,821 --> 00:23:54,041 It was so carefully thought through. 513 00:23:54,171 --> 00:23:56,651 Economic values were thought through carefully, 514 00:23:56,783 --> 00:23:58,053 the design of the slave ships, 515 00:23:58,175 --> 00:24:00,915 the most efficient way to put people in here-- 516 00:24:01,048 --> 00:24:03,488 I mean, this was a very rational kind of a trade. 517 00:24:03,616 --> 00:24:05,916 It's absolutely sinister. 518 00:24:06,053 --> 00:24:08,753 [waves crashing] 519 00:24:14,235 --> 00:24:16,925 We've gathered special equipment for the deep diving, 520 00:24:17,064 --> 00:24:20,244 and we're heading back out to F35's wreck site. 521 00:24:21,808 --> 00:24:24,808 ♪ 522 00:24:24,941 --> 00:24:26,291 At this time of year, 523 00:24:26,421 --> 00:24:29,341 the best diving conditions are early in the morning. 524 00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:31,728 ♪ 525 00:24:31,861 --> 00:24:33,991 Our research ship is already halfway there. 526 00:24:34,124 --> 00:24:37,954 The crew will send down the ROV to relocate the wreck site 527 00:24:38,085 --> 00:24:39,605 and assist us in retrieving the elephant tusk. 528 00:24:39,739 --> 00:24:42,919 ♪ 529 00:24:43,046 --> 00:24:45,346 We're on the speedboat not far behind. 530 00:24:45,484 --> 00:24:50,974 ♪ 531 00:24:51,098 --> 00:24:53,578 Conditions are definitely not, uh, optimal. 532 00:24:53,709 --> 00:24:54,879 Today the sea is very choppy. 533 00:24:55,015 --> 00:25:01,845 ♪ 534 00:25:01,978 --> 00:25:03,808 ROB: I'm just tying these down a little bit better 535 00:25:03,937 --> 00:25:04,887 so they won't go flying. 536 00:25:05,025 --> 00:25:07,105 Phil Short and Rich Stevenson, 537 00:25:07,244 --> 00:25:08,814 our two tech divers, who are going to be going down 538 00:25:08,942 --> 00:25:10,942 in excess of 300 feet-- 539 00:25:11,074 --> 00:25:13,034 they are two of the best in the world at what they do, 540 00:25:13,163 --> 00:25:15,173 and what they do is very dangerous. 541 00:25:15,296 --> 00:25:17,856 They have multiple backup systems in place, 542 00:25:17,994 --> 00:25:19,264 because if anything goes wrong down there, 543 00:25:19,387 --> 00:25:21,867 that's--it's...it. That's--That's it. 544 00:25:21,998 --> 00:25:24,128 ♪ 545 00:25:24,261 --> 00:25:26,961 To do it safely, to decompress your body, 546 00:25:27,090 --> 00:25:30,790 their bottom time is 20 minutes, and then on the way up, 547 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:33,970 every 10 feet, they have to stop for a minute, 548 00:25:34,097 --> 00:25:37,097 and then they have to hang for an hour at 20 feet. 549 00:25:37,231 --> 00:25:40,671 Three hours of ascent from that depth. 550 00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:43,590 It feels like the middle of nowhere. 551 00:25:43,716 --> 00:25:45,196 I can barely see the land. 552 00:25:45,326 --> 00:25:47,976 I'm just waiting for a big wave to come right over me. 553 00:25:48,111 --> 00:25:51,771 Looks like the weather's getting worse as we push in. 554 00:25:51,898 --> 00:25:54,028 ♪ 555 00:25:54,161 --> 00:25:56,731 But we're gonna try to keep going forward. 556 00:25:56,859 --> 00:25:58,729 - Working on again a bit. - Yeah. 557 00:25:58,861 --> 00:26:00,691 - Okay, much better. - Whoo-hoo! 558 00:26:00,820 --> 00:26:03,170 ♪ 559 00:26:03,300 --> 00:26:06,040 [CAPTAIN] Hold on, everybody. Big wave. 560 00:26:06,173 --> 00:26:13,183 [waves crashing] 561 00:26:13,310 --> 00:26:14,790 [MAN] Speedboat, this is Severn Sea. 562 00:26:14,921 --> 00:26:16,881 We're at the shipwreck site. 563 00:26:17,010 --> 00:26:19,060 Conditions are pretty bad out here. 564 00:26:19,186 --> 00:26:21,796 We're being pounded by waves from three directions. 565 00:26:21,928 --> 00:26:22,668 Please stand by for a few minutes 566 00:26:22,798 --> 00:26:25,578 while we try to stabilize. Over. 567 00:26:25,714 --> 00:26:27,634 All right, man. Yeah. 568 00:26:27,760 --> 00:26:28,850 We're not halfway yet. 569 00:26:28,978 --> 00:26:31,198 I know, I know. 570 00:26:31,328 --> 00:26:33,068 Got a call from the Severn Sea that they're going 571 00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:35,680 in circles right now, just to stabilize, 572 00:26:35,811 --> 00:26:36,681 because if they stay in one place, 573 00:26:36,812 --> 00:26:38,682 everyone's gonna be puking. 574 00:26:38,814 --> 00:26:40,954 So they can't drop the ROV in. 575 00:26:41,077 --> 00:26:43,907 So on that grounds, we're going to can today's dive. 576 00:26:44,037 --> 00:26:47,687 - It's canceled? - It is. Sorry, man. 577 00:26:50,304 --> 00:26:51,744 You've gotta do what you gotta do. 578 00:26:51,871 --> 00:26:53,701 Yeah, sorry. 579 00:26:53,829 --> 00:26:55,269 And we're gonna turn around, 580 00:26:55,396 --> 00:26:58,306 which is gonna be miserable, because now we're gonna 581 00:26:58,442 --> 00:27:01,102 get pounded because we're gonna be going against the waves. 582 00:27:01,228 --> 00:27:03,268 Gonna come back when the weather's a bit better. 583 00:27:03,404 --> 00:27:07,064 Maybe the sea stays a bit calmer and the ROV ship can deploy. 584 00:27:07,190 --> 00:27:09,060 So it's not great news, I'm afraid, 585 00:27:09,192 --> 00:27:11,852 but we will come back. We will prevail. 586 00:27:11,978 --> 00:27:14,458 ♪ 587 00:27:14,589 --> 00:27:20,119 So we head back to port, this time, empty-handed. 588 00:27:20,247 --> 00:27:23,817 And to make matters worse, weather reports show 589 00:27:23,946 --> 00:27:26,856 this is only the beginning of a major storm. 590 00:27:26,993 --> 00:27:32,003 ♪ 591 00:27:32,128 --> 00:27:34,998 So the clock is ticking, 592 00:27:35,131 --> 00:27:37,001 and our window of opportunity is getting smaller. 593 00:27:37,133 --> 00:27:39,093 Now we can't do much, 594 00:27:39,222 --> 00:27:40,882 other than hope for a short break of good weather. 595 00:27:41,007 --> 00:27:51,367 ♪ 596 00:27:51,495 --> 00:27:54,925 Many Europeans justified the slave trade by arguing 597 00:27:55,064 --> 00:27:59,034 that Africans aided them in the enterprise. 598 00:27:59,155 --> 00:28:01,415 I'm here with Professor Wilhelmina Donkoh 599 00:28:01,549 --> 00:28:02,769 to investigate. 600 00:28:26,617 --> 00:28:28,877 - [laughs] - I'll come and support you. 601 00:28:29,011 --> 00:28:30,321 [laughs] That's good to know. 602 00:28:30,447 --> 00:28:34,147 [drums continue beating] 603 00:28:34,277 --> 00:28:36,057 [people singing in native language] 604 00:28:36,192 --> 00:28:39,502 [drums continue beating] 605 00:28:39,630 --> 00:28:43,110 [singing continues] 606 00:28:43,243 --> 00:28:52,213 ♪ 607 00:28:52,339 --> 00:28:54,819 Can you tell me about the Ashanti practice 608 00:28:54,950 --> 00:28:57,740 of domestic slavery in Ghana? 609 00:29:37,950 --> 00:29:39,340 So they still had status. 610 00:29:39,473 --> 00:29:41,953 - It was a low status. - It was a low status. 611 00:29:42,084 --> 00:29:42,744 But they were still part of the community. 612 00:29:42,868 --> 00:29:44,038 Yes. 613 00:29:44,173 --> 00:29:46,093 How would you describe the difference 614 00:29:46,219 --> 00:29:50,179 between the culture of slavery, within Ashanti, 615 00:29:50,310 --> 00:29:53,010 compared to the Europeans? 616 00:30:08,197 --> 00:30:11,457 How could the Ashanti reconcile selling people 617 00:30:11,592 --> 00:30:16,602 to Europeans who were going to treat them so much worse? 618 00:30:35,311 --> 00:30:39,491 Has there been any introspection more recently 619 00:30:39,620 --> 00:30:44,840 about the Ashanti role in the transatlantic slave trade? 620 00:30:58,334 --> 00:31:02,344 It's become common for people to blame Africans 621 00:31:02,469 --> 00:31:04,119 and say, "Well, they sold their own people 622 00:31:04,253 --> 00:31:06,083 and they had slavery before we arrived anyway." 623 00:31:07,169 --> 00:31:09,869 [rooster crows] 624 00:31:31,585 --> 00:31:36,415 [drums beating] 625 00:31:36,546 --> 00:31:40,416 [seabirds calling] 626 00:31:40,550 --> 00:31:44,080 So after four days of waiting, 627 00:31:44,206 --> 00:31:47,296 finally the weather has calmed on the English Channel. 628 00:31:47,427 --> 00:31:51,997 We have to take advantage of this short break. 629 00:31:52,127 --> 00:31:54,297 Today is our final opportunity. 630 00:31:54,434 --> 00:32:07,324 ♪ 631 00:32:07,447 --> 00:32:09,537 Nature does what she likes, 632 00:32:09,666 --> 00:32:11,406 whether we have something to accomplish or not. 633 00:32:11,538 --> 00:32:12,798 She's not playing by our time frame. 634 00:32:12,931 --> 00:32:18,281 ♪ 635 00:32:18,414 --> 00:32:23,254 Beautiful skies, calm water-- this is pretty much 636 00:32:23,376 --> 00:32:24,416 our last chance to get down there 637 00:32:24,551 --> 00:32:27,161 and retrieve an artifact from this wreck. 638 00:32:27,293 --> 00:32:28,823 ♪ 639 00:32:28,947 --> 00:32:31,507 I never even would have imagined myself in this place, 640 00:32:31,645 --> 00:32:35,685 with this opportunity to give a voice to the silenced, 641 00:32:35,823 --> 00:32:38,653 bringing breath, and breathing new life into people of color 642 00:32:38,782 --> 00:32:44,092 who are currently still living with questions unanswered. 643 00:32:44,223 --> 00:32:48,183 ♪ 644 00:32:48,314 --> 00:32:49,794 [MAN] Skin Deep Seeker. 645 00:32:49,924 --> 00:32:52,194 We just received some information from the Severn Sea, 646 00:32:52,318 --> 00:32:55,318 that conditions are good. Over. 647 00:32:55,451 --> 00:32:56,541 Yeah. That's all copied. 648 00:32:56,670 --> 00:32:59,240 This is it, ma'am. 649 00:32:59,368 --> 00:33:02,148 Really good that Kieran's with me on this dive. 650 00:33:04,983 --> 00:33:07,863 ♪ 651 00:33:07,986 --> 00:33:10,766 All three vessels have now arrived at the shipwreck site, 652 00:33:10,901 --> 00:33:13,031 as the Severn Sea is preparing to lower 653 00:33:13,165 --> 00:33:15,335 the remotely operated vehicle. 654 00:33:15,471 --> 00:33:18,471 The ROV will help relocate the shipwreck and help us 655 00:33:18,605 --> 00:33:21,215 in our search for the sunken elephant tusk. 656 00:33:21,347 --> 00:33:36,187 ♪ 657 00:33:36,318 --> 00:33:39,188 ♪ 658 00:33:39,321 --> 00:33:41,501 [screaming and indistinct shouting] 659 00:33:41,628 --> 00:33:44,668 After "35F" unloaded most of the Africans 660 00:33:44,805 --> 00:33:48,765 for the auction blocks, almost certainly the Caribbean, 661 00:33:48,896 --> 00:33:50,376 it sailed home. 662 00:33:50,506 --> 00:33:52,246 ♪ 663 00:33:52,378 --> 00:33:54,118 On board may have been gold, 664 00:33:54,249 --> 00:33:56,119 bound for the Royal Mint in London, 665 00:33:56,251 --> 00:33:59,081 sugar, and a few slaves held back 666 00:33:59,211 --> 00:34:01,391 for the British market. 667 00:34:01,517 --> 00:34:03,427 The ships elephant tusks -- African ivory -- 668 00:34:03,563 --> 00:34:05,223 were worth more than the human cargo. 669 00:34:05,347 --> 00:34:07,647 ♪ 670 00:34:07,784 --> 00:34:12,404 It almost made it, but was hit by one of the many storms 671 00:34:12,528 --> 00:34:15,488 that lash the English Channel. [thunderclap] 672 00:34:15,618 --> 00:34:19,668 Only 45 miles from shore, this slaver went down 673 00:34:19,796 --> 00:34:23,016 with everyone on board. [thunderclap] 674 00:34:23,148 --> 00:34:27,538 [screaming] 675 00:34:27,674 --> 00:34:32,424 [thunderclaps] 676 00:34:32,548 --> 00:34:39,558 ♪ 677 00:34:39,686 --> 00:34:42,986 [sonar whirring] 678 00:34:43,124 --> 00:34:45,654 All right. 679 00:34:45,779 --> 00:34:48,259 [exhales deeply] 680 00:34:48,390 --> 00:34:52,310 Divers ready. 681 00:34:52,438 --> 00:34:59,658 ♪ 682 00:34:59,793 --> 00:35:02,583 All right. Both divers go out. 683 00:35:02,709 --> 00:35:09,539 [water rippling] 684 00:35:09,672 --> 00:35:11,942 Richard and Kieran are connecting to the shot line, 685 00:35:12,066 --> 00:35:14,546 which was dropped by the ROV. 686 00:35:14,677 --> 00:35:18,587 It will be their only guide to the bottom and back. 687 00:35:18,725 --> 00:35:21,465 Very little sunlight reaches these depths, 688 00:35:21,597 --> 00:35:22,947 and that makes it much harder to distinguish 689 00:35:23,077 --> 00:35:26,247 between top and bottom. 690 00:35:26,385 --> 00:35:29,995 So this wire is also their lifeline. 691 00:35:30,128 --> 00:35:36,568 ♪ 692 00:35:36,699 --> 00:35:40,229 Skin Deep, Skin Deep. Severn Sea. Over. 693 00:35:40,355 --> 00:35:42,395 [MAN] Severn Sea, Skin Deep. 694 00:35:42,531 --> 00:35:44,401 Just for your information, we've launched ROV, 695 00:35:44,533 --> 00:35:46,453 and we're just taking the clump down now 696 00:35:46,579 --> 00:35:48,019 to position it now. 697 00:35:48,146 --> 00:35:49,796 [MAN] Okay, then, we'll go and find the shot line 698 00:35:49,930 --> 00:35:51,580 and run down effecting. 699 00:35:51,714 --> 00:35:55,024 [whirring] 700 00:35:55,153 --> 00:35:57,763 ♪ 701 00:35:57,894 --> 00:36:00,774 As the ROV is being maneuvered to the wreck site, 702 00:36:00,897 --> 00:36:05,817 directly above it, Rich and Kieran are descending. 703 00:36:05,946 --> 00:36:09,776 It could take them up to 10 minutes to reach the bottom, 704 00:36:09,906 --> 00:36:13,036 and until then, we will have no contact with them. 705 00:36:13,171 --> 00:36:16,521 ♪ 706 00:36:16,652 --> 00:36:19,002 Deep diving is much a mental state of mind 707 00:36:19,133 --> 00:36:22,573 as it is a physical activity. 708 00:36:22,702 --> 00:36:24,752 We visualize what we're going to do. 709 00:36:24,878 --> 00:36:28,448 We think about the job in hand. 710 00:36:28,577 --> 00:36:33,837 We try to almost foresee any potential problems 711 00:36:33,974 --> 00:36:36,544 and just think through what it is that we've got to do. 712 00:36:36,672 --> 00:36:40,632 ♪ 713 00:36:40,763 --> 00:36:44,333 The rest of us are all geared up and standing by. 714 00:36:44,463 --> 00:36:46,553 If an emergency happens, we'll jump in 715 00:36:46,682 --> 00:36:49,512 to supply Rich and Kieran with extra air tanks 716 00:36:49,642 --> 00:36:54,472 and help them in any way necessary. 717 00:36:54,603 --> 00:36:57,393 ROV, that's 50 meters in order with the clump. 718 00:36:57,519 --> 00:36:59,219 Okay. All stop on the winch. 719 00:36:59,347 --> 00:36:59,777 All stop on the winch. 720 00:36:59,913 --> 00:37:06,443 [whirring] 721 00:37:06,572 --> 00:37:09,622 Okay. ROV is down and in position. 722 00:37:09,749 --> 00:37:11,879 Now awaiting visual on divers. 723 00:37:12,012 --> 00:37:14,492 On the command bridge, 724 00:37:14,623 --> 00:37:16,543 they're waiting to confirm the divers' safety. 725 00:37:16,669 --> 00:37:18,579 ♪ 726 00:37:18,714 --> 00:37:22,634 They have to see both of them on the ROV's video feed. 727 00:37:22,762 --> 00:37:24,762 ♪ 728 00:37:24,894 --> 00:37:27,464 [beeping] 729 00:37:27,593 --> 00:37:28,683 Visuals on the diver now. 730 00:37:28,811 --> 00:37:31,291 [beeping] 731 00:37:31,423 --> 00:37:33,603 I'm seeing one diver. 732 00:37:33,729 --> 00:37:36,429 Still awaiting for a visual on Richard. 733 00:37:36,558 --> 00:37:41,428 ♪ 734 00:37:41,563 --> 00:37:43,483 Kieran has made it to the bottom, 735 00:37:43,609 --> 00:37:45,699 but Richard is yet to be seen. 736 00:37:45,828 --> 00:37:47,828 [beeping] 737 00:37:47,961 --> 00:37:51,401 [water rippling] 738 00:37:51,530 --> 00:37:54,530 ♪ 739 00:37:54,663 --> 00:37:56,543 Okay. There he is, back there. 740 00:37:56,665 --> 00:37:58,705 All right, we can relax a bit now. 741 00:37:58,841 --> 00:38:00,671 Thank you. 742 00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:02,800 After seven minutes of descent, 743 00:38:02,932 --> 00:38:06,982 Rich and Kieran are reunited at the seabed. 744 00:38:07,110 --> 00:38:11,640 The ROV has led them right on a pile of rusting cannons. 745 00:38:11,767 --> 00:38:22,737 ♪ 746 00:38:22,865 --> 00:38:27,735 They find something that looks like a slab of wood. 747 00:38:27,870 --> 00:38:29,660 Likely one of the final remains of the ship's hull. 748 00:38:29,785 --> 00:38:32,605 ♪ 749 00:38:32,745 --> 00:38:34,955 The Severn Sea is repositioned where the ROV 750 00:38:35,095 --> 00:38:37,705 had revealed the tusk. 751 00:38:37,837 --> 00:38:39,397 ♪ 752 00:38:39,534 --> 00:38:41,804 The crew lower down a basket. 753 00:38:41,928 --> 00:38:44,628 Hopefully it will come close enough for the deep divers 754 00:38:44,757 --> 00:38:46,717 to secure the ivory. 755 00:38:46,846 --> 00:38:49,586 ♪ 756 00:38:49,718 --> 00:38:52,718 Rich and Kieran are searching in a small area. 757 00:38:52,852 --> 00:38:57,862 But it's pitch black all around. 758 00:38:57,987 --> 00:39:00,727 They now have only five minutes to locate the tusk 759 00:39:00,860 --> 00:39:02,690 before they have to ascend. 760 00:39:02,818 --> 00:39:11,698 ♪ 761 00:39:11,827 --> 00:39:14,087 Modern racism didn't begin 762 00:39:14,221 --> 00:39:16,221 with the transatlantic slave trade. 763 00:39:16,354 --> 00:39:17,964 ♪ 764 00:39:18,094 --> 00:39:22,754 In 1449, new laws were enacted in Spain, 765 00:39:22,882 --> 00:39:25,802 a big player in the trade. 766 00:39:25,928 --> 00:39:28,188 These were essential for rationalizing 767 00:39:28,322 --> 00:39:30,502 treating people as property. 768 00:39:30,629 --> 00:39:32,589 ♪ 769 00:39:32,718 --> 00:39:33,848 That's very nice to see you, how are you? 770 00:39:33,980 --> 00:39:34,940 Hi, how are you? 771 00:39:35,068 --> 00:39:37,548 - Very nice to see you. - Fine. 772 00:39:37,679 --> 00:39:38,849 [bell clangs] 773 00:39:38,985 --> 00:39:42,675 - This is a beautiful place. - Yes, it is. 774 00:39:52,781 --> 00:39:55,701 So what did it mean, this purity of blood? 775 00:40:04,010 --> 00:40:06,800 Of Toledo. 776 00:40:06,926 --> 00:40:08,966 In the early 15th century, 777 00:40:09,102 --> 00:40:13,982 Jews and Muslims were forcibly converted to Christianity. 778 00:40:14,107 --> 00:40:17,977 But after the conversions, a new method was invented so as 779 00:40:18,111 --> 00:40:24,641 to exclude them from society and growing positions of power. 780 00:40:24,770 --> 00:40:26,380 Until that point, faith was everything. 781 00:40:26,511 --> 00:40:27,431 Yes. 782 00:40:27,555 --> 00:40:29,425 Suddenly, faith was not enough. 783 00:40:29,557 --> 00:40:31,647 No, not enough. No. 784 00:40:31,777 --> 00:40:33,647 - Now it was all about blood. - Yes. 785 00:40:33,779 --> 00:40:35,959 - 1722. - Yes. 786 00:40:36,085 --> 00:40:37,435 I see the word "genealogy." 787 00:40:46,966 --> 00:40:49,356 So this person who's writing this, 788 00:40:49,490 --> 00:40:55,540 he's saying, "Hey, I am pure blood on all four grandparents. 789 00:40:55,670 --> 00:40:57,890 - Nobody has, you know, - Yeah. 790 00:40:58,020 --> 00:40:59,460 ...made my blood impure." - No. 791 00:40:59,587 --> 00:41:00,627 This is pure racism. 792 00:41:05,811 --> 00:41:08,681 - This idea was new. - Yes. 793 00:41:08,814 --> 00:41:10,514 It made in Europe, for the first time, 794 00:41:10,642 --> 00:41:13,042 race a criteria. - Yes. 795 00:41:13,166 --> 00:41:18,996 In 1452, the purity of blood legislation 796 00:41:19,128 --> 00:41:22,648 led directly to the Pope blessing the slave trade. 797 00:41:28,050 --> 00:41:30,530 When he thought of Africans, he just thought of them 798 00:41:30,662 --> 00:41:31,922 as pagans. - Yes. 799 00:41:32,054 --> 00:41:33,584 - So it was like a code word. - Yes. 800 00:41:38,017 --> 00:41:42,757 [liturgical music playing] 801 00:41:42,891 --> 00:41:44,891 And when Africans converted to Christianity, 802 00:41:45,024 --> 00:41:47,814 did they stop enslaving them? 803 00:41:47,940 --> 00:41:50,290 No. Purity of blood. 804 00:41:55,687 --> 00:41:57,817 Africans. 805 00:41:57,950 --> 00:42:00,910 ♪ 806 00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:07,180 It shows you that bad ideas can go 807 00:42:07,307 --> 00:42:09,607 very, very, very far. 808 00:42:09,744 --> 00:42:10,704 Very far. 809 00:42:10,832 --> 00:42:18,142 ♪ 810 00:42:18,274 --> 00:42:20,764 Severn Sea, Skin Deep and Seeker, status report. 811 00:42:20,886 --> 00:42:22,626 The divers have been at the bottom 812 00:42:22,757 --> 00:42:24,797 for more than five minutes now. 813 00:42:24,933 --> 00:42:26,633 They have just under five minutes left 814 00:42:26,761 --> 00:42:28,811 until they have to ascend. 815 00:42:28,937 --> 00:42:33,157 Support divers, be ready to jump in for decompression phase. 816 00:42:33,289 --> 00:42:35,599 Fingers crossed they'll find a tusk in the next few minutes. 817 00:42:35,727 --> 00:42:36,857 Over. 818 00:42:36,989 --> 00:42:41,039 ♪ 819 00:42:41,167 --> 00:42:44,127 Those two gentlemen have been someplace 820 00:42:44,257 --> 00:42:46,907 that no one else has ever been. 821 00:42:47,042 --> 00:42:50,002 No other person has been on this wreck site. 822 00:42:50,132 --> 00:42:51,742 Ever. 823 00:42:51,873 --> 00:42:54,273 ♪ 824 00:42:54,397 --> 00:42:58,917 I'm literally above a ship that was carrying my ancestors. 825 00:42:59,054 --> 00:43:02,064 I'm free diving, uh... 826 00:43:02,188 --> 00:43:03,968 above kind of a graveyard. 827 00:43:04,103 --> 00:43:07,933 ♪ 828 00:43:08,063 --> 00:43:10,633 I didn't know the significance of the shipwreck. 829 00:43:10,762 --> 00:43:13,852 I feel more enlightened now. 830 00:43:13,982 --> 00:43:16,072 That's my motivation to spend three, four hours 831 00:43:16,202 --> 00:43:18,862 in the water. That's my personal reward. 832 00:43:18,987 --> 00:43:22,427 ♪ 833 00:43:22,556 --> 00:43:24,036 With only a few minutes left, 834 00:43:24,166 --> 00:43:28,166 the deep divers have found the basket. 835 00:43:28,301 --> 00:43:31,481 The elephant tusk is right next to it. 836 00:43:31,609 --> 00:43:39,139 ♪ 837 00:43:39,268 --> 00:43:43,748 After almost 350 years at the bottom of the English Channel, 838 00:43:43,882 --> 00:43:46,752 remarkably, the tusk is still intact. 839 00:43:46,885 --> 00:43:53,065 ♪ 840 00:43:53,195 --> 00:43:55,845 Kieran secures the tusk to the basket, 841 00:43:55,981 --> 00:43:57,501 which will be hoisted up to the ship. 842 00:43:57,635 --> 00:44:00,725 ♪ 843 00:44:00,855 --> 00:44:03,025 After 20 minutes on the bottom, 844 00:44:03,162 --> 00:44:04,772 with just a few minutes to spare, 845 00:44:04,903 --> 00:44:08,083 Kieran and Richard now ascend slowly. 846 00:44:08,210 --> 00:44:10,950 They still have three hours of decompression time 847 00:44:11,083 --> 00:44:13,693 to spend in the water. 848 00:44:13,825 --> 00:44:14,825 I'm gonna put Kinga in first, 849 00:44:14,956 --> 00:44:17,696 then you jump straight behind her. 850 00:44:17,829 --> 00:44:19,869 Celebration is still premature 851 00:44:20,005 --> 00:44:22,085 as the danger is not over. 852 00:44:22,224 --> 00:44:25,014 In fact, the ascent is one of the most precarious 853 00:44:25,140 --> 00:44:27,750 parts of the mission. 854 00:44:27,882 --> 00:44:29,842 We immediately jump in the water 855 00:44:29,971 --> 00:44:34,541 to secure Kieran and Richard to make sure they're safe. 856 00:44:34,672 --> 00:44:49,162 ♪ 857 00:44:49,295 --> 00:44:51,375 Getting down and staying down is the easy part, 858 00:44:51,514 --> 00:44:55,004 but managing the ascent is critical because all that time 859 00:44:55,127 --> 00:44:56,127 we're at that great depth, we've absorbed a lot of, 860 00:44:56,258 --> 00:44:57,738 you know, gas, 861 00:44:57,869 --> 00:44:59,089 that has to come out of our bodies in a controlled manner. 862 00:44:59,218 --> 00:45:01,918 And the only way we can do that 863 00:45:02,047 --> 00:45:02,787 is by making these decompression stops 864 00:45:02,917 --> 00:45:05,877 at a fixed depth for a fixed time. 865 00:45:06,007 --> 00:45:11,357 ♪ 866 00:45:11,491 --> 00:45:14,321 And worst case, if we have a complete system failure, 867 00:45:14,450 --> 00:45:16,760 then we have to rely on you guys to then come down 868 00:45:16,888 --> 00:45:18,018 with the additional gases 869 00:45:18,150 --> 00:45:20,590 that we will need to continue the ascent. 870 00:45:20,718 --> 00:45:23,198 ♪ 871 00:45:23,329 --> 00:45:26,069 Kinga, Josh, Kramer, and myself have now set up 872 00:45:26,201 --> 00:45:31,161 the final decompression station for Rich and Kieran. 873 00:45:31,293 --> 00:45:34,123 If need be, we're ready to grab the gas cylinders 874 00:45:34,253 --> 00:45:35,913 and quickly descend to the rescue 875 00:45:36,037 --> 00:45:37,817 of the deep divers. 876 00:45:37,952 --> 00:45:40,132 This bar will be hanging for 'em, 877 00:45:40,259 --> 00:45:42,129 so when they get to 6 meters, 878 00:45:42,261 --> 00:45:43,651 which is their longest decompression stop, 879 00:45:43,784 --> 00:45:46,094 they've got a bar to hold on to, 880 00:45:46,221 --> 00:45:48,051 and there's gonna be an emergency gas cylinder 881 00:45:48,180 --> 00:45:50,010 with 100% oxygen in, 882 00:45:50,138 --> 00:45:50,968 in case they've got any problems. 883 00:45:51,096 --> 00:45:54,266 ♪ 884 00:45:54,403 --> 00:45:58,283 Did you find a run time for the divers yet? 885 00:45:58,407 --> 00:46:01,057 Not yet. We're still waiting for them to come up. 886 00:46:01,193 --> 00:46:05,023 ♪ 887 00:46:05,153 --> 00:46:08,293 Two and a half hours into the dive, 888 00:46:08,417 --> 00:46:11,457 we notice air bubbles rising from the deep. 889 00:46:11,594 --> 00:46:14,384 [MAN] Okay. We're starting to see something down there. 890 00:46:14,510 --> 00:46:17,040 Do you have visual of the divers? Over. 891 00:46:17,165 --> 00:46:20,165 ♪ 892 00:46:20,299 --> 00:46:22,519 Looks like...yeah, yeah. 893 00:46:22,649 --> 00:46:24,299 There they are. 894 00:46:24,433 --> 00:46:25,833 They're coming to the last station now. 895 00:46:25,957 --> 00:46:28,347 Looks like they're fine. 896 00:46:28,481 --> 00:46:30,141 Yeah. Roger that. Divers are fine. 897 00:46:30,265 --> 00:46:36,175 ♪ 898 00:46:36,315 --> 00:46:39,095 Now that they've made it to the final station, 899 00:46:39,231 --> 00:46:40,361 we keep an eye on Rich and Kieran 900 00:46:40,493 --> 00:46:44,893 during the last hour of decompression. 901 00:46:45,019 --> 00:46:47,069 If it's not handled properly, 902 00:46:47,195 --> 00:46:49,105 exhaustion combined with strong currents 903 00:46:49,241 --> 00:46:50,371 of the English Channel 904 00:46:50,503 --> 00:46:52,293 can be dangerous for the deep divers, 905 00:46:52,418 --> 00:46:54,418 so they must be monitored. 906 00:46:54,550 --> 00:47:00,730 [dolphins whistling] 907 00:47:00,861 --> 00:47:11,091 ♪ 908 00:47:11,219 --> 00:47:13,049 They've spent almost three and a half hours 909 00:47:13,178 --> 00:47:16,178 in the cold Atlantic waters. 910 00:47:16,311 --> 00:47:20,191 A half-hour less than originally planned, 911 00:47:20,315 --> 00:47:22,965 And now we're all back safely on the boat. 912 00:47:23,101 --> 00:47:25,361 ♪ 913 00:47:25,494 --> 00:47:29,284 [woman speaks indistinctly] 914 00:47:29,411 --> 00:47:32,021 [whirring] 915 00:47:32,153 --> 00:47:35,423 Well, it took us a little less time 916 00:47:35,548 --> 00:47:38,728 than what we anticipated, didn't it? 917 00:47:38,856 --> 00:47:40,376 ♪ 918 00:47:40,509 --> 00:47:44,039 The moment we've been waiting for-- 919 00:47:44,165 --> 00:47:45,075 we're pulling up the elephant tusk, 920 00:47:45,210 --> 00:47:48,130 which was pillaged from Africa 921 00:47:48,256 --> 00:47:50,956 along with millions of enslaved Africans. 922 00:47:57,178 --> 00:48:03,878 ♪ 923 00:48:04,011 --> 00:48:10,021 [exhaling deeply] 924 00:48:10,148 --> 00:48:12,408 ♪ 925 00:48:12,541 --> 00:48:16,201 I-I don't know how to describe it. 926 00:48:16,328 --> 00:48:17,938 This is unbelievable. 927 00:48:18,069 --> 00:48:21,199 If it's the final resting place 928 00:48:21,333 --> 00:48:25,383 of some of my ancestors, then it's a burial ground. 929 00:48:25,511 --> 00:48:34,651 But it's also a crime scene, because they were taken. 930 00:48:34,781 --> 00:48:38,521 There was an injustice that took place, 931 00:48:38,654 --> 00:48:41,314 and no one has ever been brought to account for that. 932 00:48:41,440 --> 00:48:44,440 ♪ 933 00:48:44,573 --> 00:48:51,063 I want justice for those people. 934 00:48:51,189 --> 00:48:53,099 ♪ 935 00:48:53,234 --> 00:49:00,294 It always bothers me to use the language "slaves on the ship." 936 00:49:00,415 --> 00:49:04,115 People speak in terms of the Africans on the ships 937 00:49:04,245 --> 00:49:07,245 as if they started out as slaves, 938 00:49:07,379 --> 00:49:09,249 and they weren't slaves. 939 00:49:09,381 --> 00:49:12,121 They were Africans who were enslaved. 940 00:49:12,253 --> 00:49:14,303 ♪ 941 00:49:14,429 --> 00:49:17,429 Just thinking about the people, they were people. 942 00:49:17,563 --> 00:49:21,003 I can't imagine being torn away from my family. 943 00:49:21,132 --> 00:49:22,442 I can't. 944 00:49:22,568 --> 00:49:24,348 I cannot fathom being taken across oceans 945 00:49:24,483 --> 00:49:26,533 I didn't even know existed. 946 00:49:26,659 --> 00:49:31,709 I...and then to be beaten and thrown about 947 00:49:31,838 --> 00:49:36,148 and be yelled at in a language I don't even understand 948 00:49:36,277 --> 00:49:38,187 and told to do things I do not want to do. 949 00:49:38,323 --> 00:49:41,593 ♪ 950 00:49:41,717 --> 00:49:45,977 There are generations who think that African history 951 00:49:46,113 --> 00:49:49,333 started with slavery. 952 00:49:49,464 --> 00:49:51,644 They think, "Okay. That's when my history started." 953 00:49:51,771 --> 00:49:56,651 And African history didn't start with African slavery. 954 00:49:56,776 --> 00:50:00,866 African history was interrupted by African slavery. 955 00:50:00,998 --> 00:50:15,798 ♪ 956 00:50:15,925 --> 00:50:16,185 ♪ 957 00:50:16,317 --> 00:50:29,327 ♪ 958 00:50:29,461 --> 00:50:32,861 This is where people who were enslaved were held 959 00:50:32,986 --> 00:50:35,246 until it was time for them to be shipped out 960 00:50:35,380 --> 00:50:38,430 onto vessels waiting here. 961 00:50:38,557 --> 00:50:40,427 This is the door of no return. 962 00:50:40,559 --> 00:50:42,599 And once they've passed this point, 963 00:50:42,735 --> 00:50:43,945 it was the end of life as they knew it. 964 00:50:44,084 --> 00:50:45,784 It was it. 965 00:50:45,912 --> 00:50:48,312 It was the end of their culture. Their names would be changed. 966 00:50:48,436 --> 00:50:49,606 They would have a life of forced labor. 967 00:50:49,742 --> 00:50:51,572 Their children and their children's children 968 00:50:51,700 --> 00:50:53,660 would be born into slavery. 969 00:50:53,789 --> 00:50:56,709 And so this was really the end of their freedom. 970 00:50:56,836 --> 00:51:00,486 [creaks] 971 00:51:00,622 --> 00:51:01,192 [clank] 972 00:51:01,319 --> 00:51:05,449 ♪ 973 00:51:05,584 --> 00:51:07,854 Some people say, "Well, don't you feel sorrow 974 00:51:07,977 --> 00:51:10,237 when you see this?" 975 00:51:10,371 --> 00:51:11,761 It's still a feeling of anger for me. 976 00:51:11,894 --> 00:51:15,164 - Yeah. - Oh, okay. 977 00:51:15,289 --> 00:51:16,119 This is what it is. This is, uh... 978 00:51:16,247 --> 00:51:17,467 Yeah. 979 00:51:17,596 --> 00:51:19,596 ...man's inhumanity to man, 980 00:51:19,728 --> 00:51:23,338 and this is almost like the--almost the capital of it. 981 00:51:23,471 --> 00:51:26,261 - It is. It's like ground zero. - Yeah. 982 00:51:26,387 --> 00:51:41,227 ♪ 983 00:51:41,359 --> 00:51:49,889 ♪