1 00:00:02,864 --> 00:00:05,798 NARRATOR: A land of ancient ruins, 2 00:00:05,833 --> 00:00:10,217 windswept mountains and deep foreboding lakes. 3 00:00:11,321 --> 00:00:17,327 Scotland is a nation steeped in myth, legend and mystery. 4 00:00:18,259 --> 00:00:21,780 And no mystery is more enduring than that of 5 00:00:21,814 --> 00:00:25,094 the Loch Ness Monster. 6 00:00:26,785 --> 00:00:29,995 Imagine if we could empty the oceans, 7 00:00:30,030 --> 00:00:33,309 letting the world's water drain away 8 00:00:35,380 --> 00:00:39,729 to reveal the secrets of sea floors and lake beds. 9 00:00:41,213 --> 00:00:43,526 Now we can. 10 00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:47,081 Using accurate data and astonishing technology to 11 00:00:47,116 --> 00:00:51,258 bring light once again to a lost world. 12 00:00:53,708 --> 00:00:57,333 Can a killing field on the shores of a Siberian lake 13 00:00:57,367 --> 00:01:01,371 shed light on the world's most famous monster? 14 00:01:01,406 --> 00:01:04,167 OLGA: This is the pelvic bone, these are the shoulder blades 15 00:01:04,202 --> 00:01:06,031 and vertebrae. 16 00:01:06,066 --> 00:01:09,069 NARRATOR: Can a marine robot finally uncover the Loch's 17 00:01:09,103 --> 00:01:11,968 strangest secret of all? 18 00:01:14,074 --> 00:01:17,491 And could a long-lost shipwreck really be a boat 19 00:01:17,525 --> 00:01:20,459 destroyed by Nessie herself? 20 00:01:21,426 --> 00:01:24,429 ADRIAN: When people said that John Cobb's crash was caused 21 00:01:24,463 --> 00:01:27,915 by the Loch Ness Monster, in a sense they were right. 22 00:01:28,502 --> 00:01:34,749 [theme music plays]. 23 00:01:40,824 --> 00:01:44,863 NARRATOR: 23 miles long and over 700 feet deep, 24 00:01:44,897 --> 00:01:49,419 Loch Ness is the biggest body of fresh water in the British Isles. 25 00:01:51,111 --> 00:01:55,425 100 miles north of the Scottish capital, Edinburgh, 26 00:01:55,460 --> 00:01:58,773 it slices the highlands in two. 27 00:02:00,396 --> 00:02:03,778 Many people are convinced that its deep, 28 00:02:03,813 --> 00:02:07,920 dark waters harbor a secretive creature. 29 00:02:08,852 --> 00:02:12,546 Now, a new expedition hopes to solve the mystery of the 30 00:02:12,580 --> 00:02:16,412 Loch Ness monster once and for all. 31 00:02:16,446 --> 00:02:20,554 And discover whether it's myth or reality. 32 00:02:21,451 --> 00:02:22,694 CRAIG: In terms of the mission plan now, 33 00:02:22,728 --> 00:02:24,144 you can see we've dived. 34 00:02:24,178 --> 00:02:25,938 We're already down at 200 meters of water. 35 00:02:25,973 --> 00:02:27,561 I don't think we've been to this altitude 36 00:02:27,595 --> 00:02:29,218 in Loch Ness before anyway. 37 00:02:29,252 --> 00:02:30,633 ADRIAN: Before. 38 00:02:30,667 --> 00:02:31,737 CRAIG: So this will be the best resolution achieved 39 00:02:31,772 --> 00:02:33,946 in the Loch to date. 40 00:02:33,981 --> 00:02:37,916 NARRATOR: Scotland's stunning natural landscape includes 41 00:02:37,950 --> 00:02:42,955 over 30,000 lochs, the local word for lakes. 42 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:48,892 And for most of its history, Loch Ness is just one of them. 43 00:02:50,446 --> 00:02:54,312 But all that changes in the early 1930s, 44 00:02:55,278 --> 00:02:58,730 when a new road brings new visitors 45 00:02:58,764 --> 00:03:02,975 and a series of strange sightings begins, 46 00:03:04,977 --> 00:03:08,947 which culminate in an image captured by a visiting English surgeon. 47 00:03:10,328 --> 00:03:14,194 One of the most iconic photographs ever taken. 48 00:03:15,264 --> 00:03:16,851 ADRIAN: The surgeon's picture, of course, 49 00:03:16,886 --> 00:03:21,684 is a picture which everybody in the western world will know. 50 00:03:22,754 --> 00:03:27,068 NARRATOR: Loch Ness has been drawing fascinated visitors ever since. 51 00:03:29,485 --> 00:03:33,696 Eight decades later, over a million tourists are still drawn 52 00:03:33,730 --> 00:03:38,459 to the shores of the Loch every year, in search of Nessie. 53 00:03:40,806 --> 00:03:42,463 WOMAN: My aunt, you saw it, didn't you? 54 00:03:42,498 --> 00:03:44,120 WOMAN: Yeah, oh, distinctly. 55 00:03:44,154 --> 00:03:45,949 I don't doubt there's a monster. 56 00:03:45,984 --> 00:03:47,917 MAN: I saw this hump. 57 00:03:47,951 --> 00:03:50,851 MAN: We saw the head and the four humps. 58 00:03:50,885 --> 00:03:53,785 It was the very same color as an elephant. 59 00:03:54,786 --> 00:03:57,064 NARRATOR: No fewer than 1,000 people 60 00:03:57,098 --> 00:03:59,239 have claimed to see the monster. 61 00:03:59,273 --> 00:04:01,482 MAN: It was the size of a yacht hull. 62 00:04:01,517 --> 00:04:03,208 MAN: It looked like a submarine coming closer and 63 00:04:03,243 --> 00:04:06,246 closer and you could see the long neck. 64 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,076 NARRATOR: And there's been a recent surge in sightings. 65 00:04:09,110 --> 00:04:11,354 MAN: So, I saw a dark shape in the water. 66 00:04:11,389 --> 00:04:13,770 I was out further, towards the other end of the castle. 67 00:04:13,805 --> 00:04:16,256 Something's moving, between the trees. 68 00:04:16,290 --> 00:04:19,362 WOMAN: Oh my God, it's moving! 69 00:04:25,713 --> 00:04:29,786 NARRATOR: For many, Nessie is a sincerely held belief. 70 00:04:30,511 --> 00:04:35,275 Steve Feltham saw something unusual in 1991. 71 00:04:36,310 --> 00:04:40,038 STEVE: I saw one thing in the first year of being here. 72 00:04:40,072 --> 00:04:43,662 Something just shot across the bay in front of me and 73 00:04:44,387 --> 00:04:46,113 you couldn't tell what it was. 74 00:04:46,147 --> 00:04:48,702 You could only see a spray of water coming off of something, 75 00:04:48,736 --> 00:04:50,945 like a torpedo. 76 00:04:51,877 --> 00:04:53,845 NARRATOR: Steve was so fascinated, 77 00:04:53,879 --> 00:04:56,261 he set up a full-time vigil. 78 00:04:58,090 --> 00:05:01,059 STEVE: To be honest I thought all I need to do now is be 79 00:05:01,093 --> 00:05:03,544 ready for the next time with the camera, 80 00:05:03,579 --> 00:05:06,927 to take that all-important photograph. 81 00:05:09,343 --> 00:05:13,692 NARRATOR: 28 years later, he's still waiting. 82 00:05:16,281 --> 00:05:19,180 MAN [over film]: Loch Ness, on which the eyes of the world are focused. 83 00:05:19,215 --> 00:05:22,943 NARRATOR: Scientists too have been drawn to the Loch, 84 00:05:22,977 --> 00:05:27,534 and their experiences have been just as mixed as Steve's. 85 00:05:28,397 --> 00:05:31,261 MAN [over film]: The hunt is well and truly on. 86 00:05:34,023 --> 00:05:36,543 NARRATOR: All through the 1970s and 80s, 87 00:05:36,577 --> 00:05:40,236 major investigations traversed the Loch in the hope of making 88 00:05:40,270 --> 00:05:43,619 a genuine zoological discovery. 89 00:05:43,653 --> 00:05:47,347 Most come back empty handed, but not all. 90 00:05:48,071 --> 00:05:50,211 REPORTER [over TV]: The team of scientists sweeping the 91 00:05:50,246 --> 00:05:52,731 depths of Loch ness said tonight they've made sonar 92 00:05:52,766 --> 00:05:56,183 contact with a large unidentified object. 93 00:05:56,217 --> 00:05:58,806 They described it as an unusual... 94 00:05:59,186 --> 00:06:02,223 NARRATOR: No sighting has ever been properly confirmed. 95 00:06:04,571 --> 00:06:10,093 But expeditions like these inspire naturalist Adrian Shine. 96 00:06:11,819 --> 00:06:15,478 He's been researching Loch Ness for more than 40 years. 97 00:06:16,306 --> 00:06:18,550 ADRIAN: Much of the work that we with the Loch Ness Project 98 00:06:18,585 --> 00:06:21,070 have been doing is biological. 99 00:06:21,104 --> 00:06:24,901 Counting fish, counting plankton, that sort of thing. 100 00:06:24,936 --> 00:06:27,939 And that's why I built a submarine. 101 00:06:27,973 --> 00:06:31,114 I recruited students and that's why we collaborate 102 00:06:31,149 --> 00:06:33,772 with so many universities. 103 00:06:33,807 --> 00:06:38,536 But inevitably we've become also intrigued by other 104 00:06:38,570 --> 00:06:40,503 aspects of Loch Ness. 105 00:06:41,262 --> 00:06:44,852 NARRATOR: And no other aspect intrigues Adrian more, 106 00:06:44,887 --> 00:06:48,028 than the biggest question of all. 107 00:06:48,062 --> 00:06:50,686 Now, he's teamed up with Craig Wallace, 108 00:06:50,720 --> 00:06:53,827 an expert in deep water exploration. 109 00:06:55,069 --> 00:06:58,935 They're on board the research boat Deep Scan, 110 00:06:58,970 --> 00:07:01,731 hoping to reveal what's inside Loch Ness in 111 00:07:01,766 --> 00:07:04,769 greater detail than ever before. 112 00:07:04,803 --> 00:07:07,427 And even if they don't find the monster, 113 00:07:07,461 --> 00:07:11,569 Adrian believes that 21st Century technology can explain 114 00:07:11,603 --> 00:07:14,606 what it is that people have been seeing. 115 00:07:14,641 --> 00:07:16,988 CRAIG: We've got a vertical range of 14 meters. 116 00:07:17,022 --> 00:07:18,852 ADRIAN: So you've got a very high resolution. 117 00:07:18,886 --> 00:07:20,923 CRAIG: Very high resolution. 118 00:07:20,957 --> 00:07:23,132 We're actually gonna drop down further to eight meters so we're gonna double it again. 119 00:07:23,166 --> 00:07:24,720 ADRIAN: Okay. Okay. 120 00:07:24,754 --> 00:07:27,895 NARRATOR: To find a monster, perhaps you need a monster. 121 00:07:28,758 --> 00:07:31,692 At the heart of this expedition is this robotic 122 00:07:31,727 --> 00:07:35,662 underwater vehicle, armed with the latest sonar, 123 00:07:35,696 --> 00:07:40,045 it can even adjust its own course to avoid obstacles. 124 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:42,772 It's called Munin. 125 00:07:43,359 --> 00:07:44,947 CRAIG: It's only now that technology's getting up to 126 00:07:44,981 --> 00:07:47,950 that level where we can put vehicles in autonomously, 127 00:07:47,984 --> 00:07:50,228 where they're making decisions on their own, 128 00:07:50,262 --> 00:07:52,817 which allows you high accuracy navigation. 129 00:07:56,096 --> 00:07:59,409 NARRATOR: The first thing Adrian and Craig want Munin to do 130 00:07:59,444 --> 00:08:02,999 is to take a really close look at the bottom of the Loch. 131 00:08:11,249 --> 00:08:12,422 CAPTAIN: Clear. 132 00:08:12,457 --> 00:08:14,770 Prop, we're testing the prop. 133 00:08:17,876 --> 00:08:20,189 NARRATOR: As it travels through the water, 134 00:08:20,223 --> 00:08:24,020 Munin sends signals that reach 700 feet down. 135 00:08:25,332 --> 00:08:28,438 Some believe there might be a huge cave there, 136 00:08:28,473 --> 00:08:32,339 the perfect spot for a large creature to hide inside. 137 00:08:33,789 --> 00:08:37,724 If there is a cave, it will show up as the signals bounce 138 00:08:37,758 --> 00:08:41,244 back to Munin and the receiving systems on the research vessel. 139 00:08:44,593 --> 00:08:49,425 And if Munin was to detect not just a cave, but a monster, 140 00:08:49,459 --> 00:08:51,910 what would it be like? 141 00:08:53,533 --> 00:08:56,639 The photograph that created the most popular image 142 00:08:56,674 --> 00:08:59,090 looks like a dinosaur. 143 00:09:00,540 --> 00:09:04,647 But could a dinosaur really exist in the Scottish highlands? 144 00:09:07,270 --> 00:09:10,757 The country's dramatic landscape is made up of some 145 00:09:10,791 --> 00:09:13,932 of the oldest rock layers in the world. 146 00:09:13,967 --> 00:09:17,833 And embedded in them are thousands of extraordinary 147 00:09:17,867 --> 00:09:21,699 dinosaur fossils, which have long drawn scientists to the 148 00:09:21,733 --> 00:09:26,324 country, including Dr. Steve Brusatte. 149 00:09:27,083 --> 00:09:29,223 STEPHEN: In the lagoons and long the rivers and the lakes, 150 00:09:29,258 --> 00:09:31,260 you would have had dinosaurs. 151 00:09:31,294 --> 00:09:34,712 These kind of animals did indeed live in Scotland. 152 00:09:34,746 --> 00:09:37,404 There were sea monsters here. 153 00:09:37,438 --> 00:09:41,581 NARRATOR: But the question is, are there any sea monsters now? 154 00:09:42,961 --> 00:09:46,620 The last known large dinosaurs in Scotland went extinct with 155 00:09:46,655 --> 00:09:50,313 the rest of their relatives 66 million years ago. 156 00:09:52,005 --> 00:09:56,837 And extinct animals don't just suddenly reappear, or do they? 157 00:09:59,668 --> 00:10:03,637 In 1938, a fish caught off the coast of South Africa 158 00:10:03,672 --> 00:10:06,640 shakes the scientific world. 159 00:10:07,710 --> 00:10:11,818 The coelacanth has long been thought to be extinct. 160 00:10:11,852 --> 00:10:15,511 It had previously only ever been seen in fossils over 161 00:10:15,545 --> 00:10:18,307 70 million years old. 162 00:10:18,341 --> 00:10:20,792 But the coelacanth, it turns out, 163 00:10:20,827 --> 00:10:24,037 has been hiding in plain sight. 164 00:10:25,245 --> 00:10:28,904 Could something similar have happened in Loch Ness? 165 00:10:28,938 --> 00:10:33,287 A supposedly extinct prehistoric beast, lurking, 166 00:10:33,322 --> 00:10:36,705 hidden from view, in his peaty waters. 167 00:10:37,878 --> 00:10:41,537 For this to be even possible, the Loch Ness we know today 168 00:10:41,571 --> 00:10:44,298 would have to be a very ancient lake. 169 00:10:44,333 --> 00:10:47,336 A lake from the time of the dinosaurs. 170 00:10:48,613 --> 00:10:51,581 So is it? 171 00:10:51,616 --> 00:10:56,000 To find out, we'd need to peer into the deepest recesses of 172 00:10:56,034 --> 00:10:59,624 the Loch and examine its very bedrock. 173 00:11:00,694 --> 00:11:02,938 But over 700 feet down, 174 00:11:02,972 --> 00:11:06,113 Loch Ness is too deep for most divers. 175 00:11:07,045 --> 00:11:11,878 Instead, we have Munin, which has now completed its scans, 176 00:11:11,912 --> 00:11:17,262 giving us the data we need to drain the waters from the Loch. 177 00:11:23,130 --> 00:11:27,203 Slowly, the Loch's true scale is revealed. 178 00:11:32,864 --> 00:11:37,766 With steep side walls plunging down, at its base, 179 00:11:37,800 --> 00:11:41,183 there are no signs of any caves. 180 00:11:41,217 --> 00:11:45,325 Instead, just a barren plain of soft, deep sediment. 181 00:11:49,122 --> 00:11:53,333 But with our new data we can peel the sediment back too, 182 00:11:53,367 --> 00:11:55,818 to reveal in the depths of the Loch, 183 00:11:55,853 --> 00:11:59,201 a glistening layer of glacial clay. 184 00:12:00,167 --> 00:12:02,998 Clay that can give us a more detailed understanding of the 185 00:12:03,032 --> 00:12:06,173 Loch's history and whether it could hold 186 00:12:06,208 --> 00:12:08,935 a prehistoric monster. 187 00:12:13,284 --> 00:12:16,149 For decades, scientists are intrigued by these 188 00:12:16,183 --> 00:12:19,221 ancient layers at the bottom of the Loch, 189 00:12:19,255 --> 00:12:23,881 and drill into the lake bed to extract core samples. 190 00:12:25,917 --> 00:12:29,887 ADRIAN: That is a time capsule of events within the Loch. 191 00:12:31,958 --> 00:12:34,754 NARRATOR: They study the core samples. 192 00:12:35,824 --> 00:12:38,654 And calculate that the layer of clay marks the 193 00:12:38,688 --> 00:12:42,002 end of the last ice age. 194 00:12:42,037 --> 00:12:44,867 ADRIAN: So we've got a problem, 195 00:12:44,902 --> 00:12:49,251 Loch Ness was one big ice cube until 10,000 years ago. 196 00:12:52,185 --> 00:12:55,567 NARRATOR: The dinosaurs went extinct long before then. 197 00:12:57,328 --> 00:13:01,953 And even if some had somehow managed to survive in Scotland, 198 00:13:01,988 --> 00:13:05,923 they could never have lived inside an ice cube. 199 00:13:05,957 --> 00:13:10,548 STEPHEN: There's just no way that any of these 170 million year old 200 00:13:10,582 --> 00:13:14,863 Jurassic animals could have ever lived in that lake. 201 00:13:16,692 --> 00:13:20,385 NARRATOR: So if a monster does inhabit the Loch, 202 00:13:20,420 --> 00:13:23,388 it's not a dinosaur. 203 00:13:23,423 --> 00:13:26,529 So what could it be? 204 00:13:27,772 --> 00:13:31,327 Perhaps there's a clue in another famous sighting. 205 00:13:34,675 --> 00:13:39,370 In the spring of 1933, hotel manager Aldi Mackay and her 206 00:13:39,404 --> 00:13:44,651 husband John are driving along the shore of Loch Ness when 207 00:13:44,685 --> 00:13:48,758 suddenly they see something moving through the water. 208 00:13:49,967 --> 00:13:52,762 The couple watch amazed for a full minute, 209 00:13:52,797 --> 00:13:56,180 as what seems to be a creature rolls around in the center of 210 00:13:56,214 --> 00:14:00,356 the Loch and churns up the water around it. 211 00:14:02,255 --> 00:14:07,191 Later, Aldi tells a reporter than the creature looked like a whale. 212 00:14:09,607 --> 00:14:13,645 Her story becomes front page news all around the world. 213 00:14:15,199 --> 00:14:19,789 Aldi took no photographs, but in subsequent decades, 214 00:14:19,824 --> 00:14:23,828 other sightings seem to match this whale like description. 215 00:14:26,796 --> 00:14:31,871 So could the monster really be a huge marine mammal? 216 00:14:33,148 --> 00:14:37,221 The problem is there is no swimmable route from the sea 217 00:14:37,255 --> 00:14:40,776 to Loch Ness. 218 00:14:42,295 --> 00:14:44,745 And even if a whale like creature could get into the 219 00:14:44,780 --> 00:14:48,232 Loch, there's a bigger obstacle. 220 00:14:49,750 --> 00:14:55,032 Any saltwater beast would surely die in a freshwater lake. 221 00:14:55,687 --> 00:14:57,966 Or would it? 222 00:14:59,312 --> 00:15:03,109 The answer to this question may lie somewhere else, 223 00:15:03,143 --> 00:15:07,251 in the deepest and oldest lake in the world. 224 00:15:13,326 --> 00:15:19,332 NARRATOR: At almost 400 miles long, up to 49 miles wide, 225 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:23,750 and in places a full mile deep, 226 00:15:25,407 --> 00:15:30,757 Lake Baikal is at least 25 million years old. 227 00:15:32,655 --> 00:15:36,694 4,000 miles away from Scotland, 228 00:15:36,728 --> 00:15:39,628 this mega lake is so colossal, 229 00:15:39,662 --> 00:15:44,012 it can hold 3,000 times more water than Loch Ness. 230 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:51,329 And still have room for a few monsters. 231 00:15:53,297 --> 00:15:56,679 Local folklore claims that a dragon like creature 232 00:15:56,714 --> 00:15:59,959 inhabits these icy waters. 233 00:16:01,201 --> 00:16:05,516 But it's not dragons that local scientists have been studying... 234 00:16:08,036 --> 00:16:11,660 instead they've made a series of startling discoveries that 235 00:16:11,694 --> 00:16:15,905 might help solve the mystery of how a sea mammal could 236 00:16:15,940 --> 00:16:19,047 thrive back in Loch Ness. 237 00:16:20,496 --> 00:16:23,844 In the winter months, if local people want to cross Baikal, 238 00:16:23,879 --> 00:16:27,641 they don't go around the lake, they just drive over it. 239 00:16:29,954 --> 00:16:33,993 On ice that's up to five feet thick. 240 00:16:39,343 --> 00:16:43,174 Olga Goriunova is part of a joint Russian Canadian team 241 00:16:43,209 --> 00:16:46,488 that's been excavating on the western shore. 242 00:16:48,697 --> 00:16:52,528 OLGA: Usually when you deal with research along the shore of Lake Baikal, 243 00:16:52,563 --> 00:16:56,498 people tend to focus on the ecology aspect only. 244 00:16:58,500 --> 00:17:00,122 The landscape. 245 00:17:00,157 --> 00:17:03,850 The wildlife and so on, and all the surroundings. 246 00:17:06,646 --> 00:17:09,821 NARRATOR: Olga has made a special study of an ancient community 247 00:17:09,856 --> 00:17:14,240 that created Stone Age art here over 4,000 years ago. 248 00:17:16,069 --> 00:17:19,797 Some of the creatures they drew look familiar, 249 00:17:19,831 --> 00:17:25,009 but they're not Loch Ness monsters or even dragons. 250 00:17:26,321 --> 00:17:29,669 Olga has a less fanciful explanation. 251 00:17:31,119 --> 00:17:34,018 OLGA: Here we have swans. 252 00:17:34,053 --> 00:17:37,332 This is a more ancient drawing. 253 00:17:38,229 --> 00:17:41,991 And here we can see groups of swans. 254 00:17:44,373 --> 00:17:47,273 NARRATOR: Along the lake's shore is a site that plays a 255 00:17:47,307 --> 00:17:50,586 crucial role in the lives of these people. 256 00:17:52,036 --> 00:17:57,904 OLGA: The oldest layer of this site is more than 9,000 years old. 257 00:17:59,595 --> 00:18:02,150 Here, we have a stack of dark layers dating back to the 258 00:18:02,184 --> 00:18:05,946 Neolithic period, or the new Stone Age. 259 00:18:09,018 --> 00:18:11,400 NARRATOR: Olga believes that the ancient community here 260 00:18:11,435 --> 00:18:14,507 used this place as a Stone Age slaughterhouse. 261 00:18:18,407 --> 00:18:20,823 OLGA: This is very interesting. 262 00:18:20,858 --> 00:18:24,620 Here, the wall collapsed, revealing bones. 263 00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:30,833 Look, this is the pelvic bone. 264 00:18:30,868 --> 00:18:35,459 These are the shoulder blades and here is a vertebrae. 265 00:18:37,288 --> 00:18:39,083 NARRATOR: So what's all this got to do with 266 00:18:39,118 --> 00:18:41,637 the Loch Ness monster? 267 00:18:43,329 --> 00:18:46,366 The connection is a creature that these ancient humans were 268 00:18:46,401 --> 00:18:50,405 butchering on the shores of the fresh water lake. 269 00:18:53,856 --> 00:18:58,551 To find it, we must first drain Lake Baikal. 270 00:18:59,897 --> 00:19:02,589 As the ice cracks and melts, 271 00:19:02,624 --> 00:19:06,075 trillions of gallons of freshwater flood out. 272 00:19:07,146 --> 00:19:10,735 And an unseen landscape emerges, 273 00:19:10,770 --> 00:19:14,118 with vast quantities of sediment piled high on the 274 00:19:14,153 --> 00:19:16,603 immense lake bed. 275 00:19:17,604 --> 00:19:20,987 But if this sediment is also pulled back, 276 00:19:21,021 --> 00:19:25,647 it reveals of evidence of thousands of years of hunting. 277 00:19:27,131 --> 00:19:31,308 Bones everywhere with all their meat hacked off. 278 00:19:32,516 --> 00:19:37,141 It quickly becomes obvious that one animal above all predominates. 279 00:19:38,315 --> 00:19:42,526 A sea creature that's familiar to anyone in Scotland. 280 00:19:44,113 --> 00:19:46,115 Seals. 281 00:19:47,945 --> 00:19:50,327 In every other place on the planet, 282 00:19:50,361 --> 00:19:53,088 seals are a saltwater creature. 283 00:19:54,676 --> 00:19:58,300 But the bones here belong to the nerpa, 284 00:19:58,335 --> 00:20:01,614 a remarkable species of seal that uniquely evolved 285 00:20:01,648 --> 00:20:04,858 to live in fresh water. 286 00:20:06,722 --> 00:20:10,243 But how did they first get here, over 1,000 miles 287 00:20:10,278 --> 00:20:12,349 from the saltwater of the sea? 288 00:20:13,695 --> 00:20:18,320 One possible explanation is that 300,000 years ago, 289 00:20:18,355 --> 00:20:21,979 Baikal may have been connected to the Arctic Ocean, 290 00:20:22,013 --> 00:20:25,431 but when the connection was broken, the seals were trapped 291 00:20:25,465 --> 00:20:28,227 and so had to adapt. 292 00:20:30,988 --> 00:20:34,750 Could something similar have happened in Loch Ness? 293 00:20:34,785 --> 00:20:38,582 Large sea creatures finding their way to an inland lake 294 00:20:38,616 --> 00:20:42,171 and then evolving to live there? 295 00:20:44,312 --> 00:20:48,626 Glacial geologist Jeremy Everest uses the latest technology 296 00:20:48,661 --> 00:20:52,596 to study landscapes and the way they can change over time. 297 00:20:55,564 --> 00:20:57,946 With an array of computing power, 298 00:20:57,980 --> 00:21:01,225 geologists can now model the area of Scotland around the 299 00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:04,297 northern end of the Loch in fine detail. 300 00:21:06,299 --> 00:21:09,613 Jeremy also uses an interactive 3D model that 301 00:21:09,647 --> 00:21:14,583 works like a hologram where he can play scientific Moses with 302 00:21:14,618 --> 00:21:16,689 a wave of his hand. 303 00:21:17,793 --> 00:21:20,244 JEREMY: I can hold my hand over the model and it'll rain, 304 00:21:20,279 --> 00:21:23,178 so I'm filling the, filling the ocean and raising the 305 00:21:23,212 --> 00:21:25,525 local sea level. 306 00:21:27,182 --> 00:21:30,737 NARRATOR: So what happens if the water continues to rise? 307 00:21:30,772 --> 00:21:33,775 For example, at the end of an Ice Age. 308 00:21:35,570 --> 00:21:38,020 JEREMY: Sea levels rise because all the ice is melting 309 00:21:38,055 --> 00:21:40,160 and draining the waters back into the oceans, 310 00:21:40,195 --> 00:21:45,096 allowing water to cross this area of land and enter Loch Ness. 311 00:21:46,926 --> 00:21:49,894 There we have a marine incursion with sea water 312 00:21:49,929 --> 00:21:52,690 draining into the Loch. 313 00:21:53,726 --> 00:21:56,349 NARRATOR: And if the land barrier disappears, 314 00:21:56,384 --> 00:22:00,526 could a creature like a whale swim between the two? 315 00:22:01,285 --> 00:22:05,151 Lake Baikal proves that salt water animals can adapt to 316 00:22:05,185 --> 00:22:07,118 live in fresh water. 317 00:22:08,119 --> 00:22:11,226 So a whale like creature entering the Loch at this time 318 00:22:11,260 --> 00:22:14,712 might not be an impossibility. 319 00:22:15,472 --> 00:22:20,235 Although many geologists, including Jeremy, are highly skeptical, 320 00:22:20,269 --> 00:22:23,721 and finally there's another problem. 321 00:22:23,756 --> 00:22:28,139 Whales and seals are mammals and breath air. 322 00:22:28,933 --> 00:22:32,799 If one was in the Loch today, every time it came up for air 323 00:22:32,834 --> 00:22:35,354 it would be spotted. 324 00:22:36,424 --> 00:22:40,738 So large sea mammals cannot be the explanation for 325 00:22:40,773 --> 00:22:43,396 the Loch Ness Monster. 326 00:22:43,431 --> 00:22:48,884 If she isn't a dinosaur and can't be a whale, 327 00:22:50,023 --> 00:22:53,924 what could explain one of the most famous sightings of all? 328 00:22:55,063 --> 00:22:59,136 In 1936, Malcolm Irvine becomes the first person to 329 00:22:59,170 --> 00:23:04,762 film a huge indistinct creature swimming against the current. 330 00:23:08,559 --> 00:23:12,011 Many sightings since have described a large animal doing 331 00:23:12,045 --> 00:23:15,394 the same, pushing against the wind and water. 332 00:23:16,118 --> 00:23:20,744 ADRIAN: You will see a tree trunk or log out on the Loch, 333 00:23:20,778 --> 00:23:23,436 but then you realize it isn't, it can't be. 334 00:23:23,471 --> 00:23:24,851 It can't be. It's swimming. 335 00:23:24,886 --> 00:23:27,889 It's swimming against the wind. 336 00:23:27,923 --> 00:23:31,030 NARRATOR: Surely nothing but Nessie could ever move 337 00:23:31,064 --> 00:23:33,895 through water like this. 338 00:23:41,420 --> 00:23:45,389 NARRATOR: If you want a sense of just how strange lakes can be, 339 00:23:45,424 --> 00:23:49,013 the biggest lake in the world is a good place to start. 340 00:23:53,328 --> 00:23:56,952 Lake Baikal's own resident water dragon tends to get 341 00:23:56,987 --> 00:24:00,853 blamed whenever anything unusual happens here, 342 00:24:01,854 --> 00:24:06,997 and in 2009, something totally extraordinary happens. 343 00:24:11,933 --> 00:24:14,694 Astronauts aboard the International Space Station 344 00:24:14,729 --> 00:24:17,214 observe giant circles, 345 00:24:18,664 --> 00:24:21,977 huge rings carved into the ice. 346 00:24:23,772 --> 00:24:26,844 They are over two and a half miles in diameter. 347 00:24:28,984 --> 00:24:32,056 And so bizarre that it's not just the water dragon 348 00:24:32,091 --> 00:24:34,058 that gets blamed. 349 00:24:37,855 --> 00:24:42,481 ALEXEI: People started to speak about flying saucers, 350 00:24:43,620 --> 00:24:47,244 fairy rings, or underwater civilizations. 351 00:24:47,278 --> 00:24:50,074 So it looks so strange and so unusual. 352 00:24:52,180 --> 00:24:55,977 NARRATOR: Alexei Kouraev is studying the circles scientifically, 353 00:24:56,011 --> 00:24:59,118 trying to work out what causes them. 354 00:25:01,327 --> 00:25:04,986 Might what he discovers shed light on those strange 355 00:25:05,020 --> 00:25:08,092 sightings back in Loch Ness? 356 00:25:09,473 --> 00:25:13,270 The most obvious thing about the rings close up are gas 357 00:25:13,304 --> 00:25:16,169 bubbles trapped in the ice. 358 00:25:17,999 --> 00:25:21,312 At first, experts wonder if this means the rings are 359 00:25:21,347 --> 00:25:25,178 connected to giant underwater gas vents that Alexei knows 360 00:25:25,213 --> 00:25:27,491 are on the lake bed. 361 00:25:31,806 --> 00:25:35,775 He sends a remotely operated vehicle, or ROV, 362 00:25:35,810 --> 00:25:39,814 under the ice to see if the bubbles and rings are linked. 363 00:25:41,574 --> 00:25:44,922 But deep in the lake, the water's so dark it's almost 364 00:25:44,957 --> 00:25:47,994 impossible for him to see anything. 365 00:25:50,376 --> 00:25:52,965 But we can. 366 00:25:53,690 --> 00:25:57,694 Using the data from Alexei's ROV to drain part of the lake 367 00:25:57,728 --> 00:26:01,076 that's known to contain vents. 368 00:26:04,252 --> 00:26:06,806 As vast volumes of water vanish, 369 00:26:09,429 --> 00:26:13,226 the steep lake sides plummet a mile down. 370 00:26:16,333 --> 00:26:19,405 And now, daylight shines on the massive expanse 371 00:26:19,439 --> 00:26:22,408 of the lake bed. 372 00:26:23,133 --> 00:26:27,033 Huge rocky cliffs travel along its length, evidence of 373 00:26:27,068 --> 00:26:31,382 the giant seismic rift that first created Baikal. 374 00:26:33,246 --> 00:26:36,456 Near the rift, raised areas. 375 00:26:37,941 --> 00:26:40,909 The vents. 376 00:26:41,979 --> 00:26:44,948 These are mini volcanoes. 377 00:26:44,982 --> 00:26:48,917 Holes in the earth's crust that spew out hot gasses 378 00:26:48,952 --> 00:26:51,920 into the icy waters. 379 00:26:53,370 --> 00:26:55,855 But there's a further mystery, 380 00:26:55,890 --> 00:26:59,514 the sites of the vents bear no relation 381 00:26:59,548 --> 00:27:02,344 to the sites of the giant rings. 382 00:27:03,691 --> 00:27:06,383 So they can't be causing them. 383 00:27:14,805 --> 00:27:18,222 From the air, the surface of this immense lake looks 384 00:27:18,257 --> 00:27:21,674 utterly still and inert. 385 00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:27,680 But recent research by Alexei is showing that under the ice 386 00:27:27,715 --> 00:27:30,683 it's a different story. 387 00:27:32,685 --> 00:27:35,964 ALEXEI: Baikal is covered for several months by ice. 388 00:27:35,999 --> 00:27:38,622 One may think that it's sleeping, 389 00:27:38,657 --> 00:27:41,763 but actually it's quite the opposite. 390 00:27:52,981 --> 00:27:56,122 So by cutting a hole in the ice, 391 00:27:56,157 --> 00:28:00,540 it gives you a kind of window to this underwater world. 392 00:28:11,172 --> 00:28:14,313 NARRATOR: Alexei is sending down the ROV, 393 00:28:14,347 --> 00:28:17,765 to study how water behaves in Baikal. 394 00:28:20,837 --> 00:28:26,290 As it descends, it monitors the density and speed of currents, 395 00:28:26,325 --> 00:28:29,915 to create a three-dimensional image of the water. 396 00:28:32,503 --> 00:28:35,852 His work has deepened our knowledge of how Lake Baikal 397 00:28:35,886 --> 00:28:40,373 actually works, revealing that under the ice, 398 00:28:40,408 --> 00:28:43,307 the water is in turmoil. 399 00:28:43,342 --> 00:28:48,519 ALEXEI: So it's a huge mass of water with several hundreds of 400 00:28:48,554 --> 00:28:52,696 meter high, which is in constant rotation. 401 00:28:55,181 --> 00:28:58,012 NARRATOR: As cold winds blow over the lake, 402 00:28:58,046 --> 00:29:01,325 they chill the top layers of water. 403 00:29:02,326 --> 00:29:07,849 These then sink and warmer layers below rise, 404 00:29:07,884 --> 00:29:11,715 creating immense currents which eventually form 405 00:29:11,750 --> 00:29:15,132 powerful spiraling eddies. 406 00:29:18,066 --> 00:29:19,792 ALEXEI: When you know where the eddies, 407 00:29:19,827 --> 00:29:22,864 most probably the ice rinks will develop. 408 00:29:24,003 --> 00:29:26,626 NARRATOR: The eddies, with their powerful columns of 409 00:29:26,661 --> 00:29:30,285 warm water, corkscrew around... 410 00:29:31,839 --> 00:29:35,912 thinning the ice above them and forming great rings. 411 00:29:38,362 --> 00:29:43,091 So huge, they can be seen from space. 412 00:29:49,235 --> 00:29:53,101 Could Loch Ness contain forces just as strange and surprising 413 00:29:53,136 --> 00:29:56,070 as those in Baikal? 414 00:29:57,588 --> 00:30:01,247 And if so, might they account for some of the most common 415 00:30:01,282 --> 00:30:03,732 monster sightings of all, 416 00:30:03,767 --> 00:30:06,770 the ones that swim against the current. 417 00:30:08,289 --> 00:30:11,188 WOMAN: Oh my God, it's moving. 418 00:30:14,329 --> 00:30:16,849 NARRATOR: When the summer sun heats the surface, 419 00:30:16,884 --> 00:30:19,852 it creates a thin layer of warm water on top 420 00:30:19,887 --> 00:30:22,613 of colder, denser water underneath. 421 00:30:25,685 --> 00:30:29,344 When the wind blows, it pushes that warmer layer 422 00:30:29,379 --> 00:30:31,657 up the length of the Loch. 423 00:30:32,865 --> 00:30:38,043 When it reaches the far end, it bounces back down the Loch, 424 00:30:38,077 --> 00:30:41,356 moving in the opposite direction to the cooler water 425 00:30:41,391 --> 00:30:44,049 underneath it. 426 00:30:45,464 --> 00:30:49,054 ADRIAN: Invisible at the surface, huge waves fall. 427 00:30:49,088 --> 00:30:51,815 They are very slow but they are very big. 428 00:30:51,850 --> 00:30:54,369 They are over 100 feet high. 429 00:30:56,578 --> 00:31:00,962 NARRATOR: With invisible waves rebounding up and down the Loch, 430 00:31:01,963 --> 00:31:05,035 big objects carried by the top layer, 431 00:31:05,070 --> 00:31:08,073 create the illusion that something is swimming 432 00:31:08,107 --> 00:31:11,076 against the wind. 433 00:31:16,875 --> 00:31:20,292 ADRIAN: That is a perfectly rational deduction, 434 00:31:20,326 --> 00:31:25,469 that a piece of material is seen to have a slow motion 435 00:31:25,504 --> 00:31:30,785 against the wind, and hence thought to be swimming. 436 00:31:33,477 --> 00:31:36,066 NARRATOR: Scientists are convinced this phenomenon can 437 00:31:36,101 --> 00:31:39,518 explain Malcolm Irvine's sighting of a creature 438 00:31:39,552 --> 00:31:42,901 moving against the current. 439 00:31:46,042 --> 00:31:49,045 But there is still one type of sighting that 440 00:31:49,079 --> 00:31:52,289 remains unexplained. 441 00:31:52,324 --> 00:31:55,844 One of the most common of all. 442 00:31:59,469 --> 00:32:02,127 Many people have claimed to see something that looks like 443 00:32:02,161 --> 00:32:06,994 a giant multi-humped creature, wriggling across the Loch. 444 00:32:14,518 --> 00:32:17,383 The first person to study the monster seriously, 445 00:32:17,418 --> 00:32:20,628 Rupert Gould, concluded from these sightings that Nessie 446 00:32:20,662 --> 00:32:23,355 must be a sea serpent. 447 00:32:25,115 --> 00:32:29,499 So, are all the people who claim to see this just deluded? 448 00:32:30,396 --> 00:32:33,572 Or could an extraordinary new discovery by Adrian and his 449 00:32:33,606 --> 00:32:38,577 crew prove that they are seeing something real after all? 450 00:32:43,168 --> 00:32:45,446 NARRATOR: Adrian and Craig are on the second part of their 451 00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:47,862 mission to scan Loch Ness. 452 00:32:48,863 --> 00:32:52,349 This time, they're on the hunt for a tragic shipwreck, 453 00:32:52,384 --> 00:32:55,525 lost for almost 70 years. 454 00:33:00,771 --> 00:33:06,018 In 1952, national hero John Cobb is determined to attempt 455 00:33:06,053 --> 00:33:08,987 the world water speed record. 456 00:33:09,918 --> 00:33:11,575 MAN [over film]: He climbed into the cockpit of a 457 00:33:11,610 --> 00:33:14,820 6,000 horsepower hydroplane, The Crusader. 458 00:33:14,854 --> 00:33:17,650 Loch Ness in Scotland, the habitat of a legendary sea 459 00:33:17,685 --> 00:33:20,688 serpent, had been chosen as the ideal spot for the planned 460 00:33:20,722 --> 00:33:23,311 record breaking time trial. 461 00:33:29,110 --> 00:33:31,216 NARRATOR: But as the jet engine that powers his boat 462 00:33:31,250 --> 00:33:35,427 pushes it over 200 miles per hour... 463 00:33:36,083 --> 00:33:38,016 disaster. 464 00:33:44,988 --> 00:33:49,648 The Crusader explodes and John Cobb is killed instantly. 465 00:33:53,307 --> 00:33:56,793 Only small pieces of debris are ever recovered. 466 00:33:56,827 --> 00:33:59,209 Where is the rest of the boat 467 00:33:59,244 --> 00:34:02,247 and the giant engine that powered it? 468 00:34:03,282 --> 00:34:06,320 And what caused the crash? 469 00:34:09,909 --> 00:34:14,466 Believers have long speculated that the monster could be to blame. 470 00:34:16,571 --> 00:34:19,816 The crash took place on the eastern end of the Loch, 471 00:34:19,850 --> 00:34:22,991 and it's here Adrian and Craig will scan. 472 00:34:25,511 --> 00:34:29,274 It's not the first time Adrian's looked for The Crusader. 473 00:34:34,279 --> 00:34:38,145 In July 2002, using the remotely operated vehicle, 474 00:34:38,179 --> 00:34:41,700 his team finds what they believe to be a debris field. 475 00:34:44,737 --> 00:34:49,811 But 700 feet down, visibility is so poor there's no way of 476 00:34:49,846 --> 00:34:53,505 knowing if this really is Cobb's boat. 477 00:34:58,510 --> 00:35:00,719 Now they're back. 478 00:35:01,754 --> 00:35:05,379 Using Munin's advanced scanning technology, 479 00:35:05,413 --> 00:35:10,349 to find out if this is indeed the last resting place of The Crusader. 480 00:35:12,938 --> 00:35:15,078 CRAIG: So here is the mission we planned, 481 00:35:15,113 --> 00:35:17,701 and you can see that this is really tight line spacing, 482 00:35:17,736 --> 00:35:20,946 giving us the best possible chance of finding that engine. 483 00:35:20,980 --> 00:35:23,051 ADRIAN: It really is. 484 00:35:23,466 --> 00:35:25,502 CRAIG: We've dropped down very close to the sea bed, 485 00:35:25,537 --> 00:35:27,470 so the size scanner is running at 600 kilohertz. 486 00:35:27,504 --> 00:35:29,368 ADRIAN: 600, that's very high. 487 00:35:29,403 --> 00:35:32,647 CRAIG: And we're, so it's the best possible solution we can have. 488 00:35:34,753 --> 00:35:37,135 NARRATOR: Cruising close to the crash site, 489 00:35:37,169 --> 00:35:40,138 the underwater robot passes back and forth, 490 00:35:40,172 --> 00:35:43,141 constantly scanning whatever is below. 491 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:46,696 With the data successfully on board, 492 00:35:46,730 --> 00:35:49,388 the team analyzes the results. 493 00:35:49,837 --> 00:35:51,563 CRAIG: What I'm seeing is something much larger than 494 00:35:51,597 --> 00:35:53,806 we previously thought. 495 00:35:53,841 --> 00:35:55,946 Something here worth investigating. 496 00:35:55,981 --> 00:35:57,810 ADRIAN: There certainly is. 497 00:35:57,845 --> 00:35:59,191 CRAIG: Let's process some of the data. 498 00:35:59,226 --> 00:36:01,400 So once it's processed, what you get here, 499 00:36:01,435 --> 00:36:04,023 we can take a look at this in three dimensions. 500 00:36:05,024 --> 00:36:08,511 So the same site gives us this. 501 00:36:09,339 --> 00:36:11,099 ADRIAN: Oh well. 502 00:36:11,134 --> 00:36:16,312 That looks like Crusader, and I am amazed. 503 00:36:18,383 --> 00:36:20,799 NARRATOR: If they've discovered the Crusader, 504 00:36:20,833 --> 00:36:23,319 it could be historically important, 505 00:36:23,353 --> 00:36:26,736 revealing details of the crash for the first time. 506 00:36:29,394 --> 00:36:33,260 To be sure, we need to remove the dark waters of Loch Ness 507 00:36:33,294 --> 00:36:36,711 from above the wreck. 508 00:36:39,714 --> 00:36:43,546 As the loch empties, a remarkable sight. 509 00:36:46,445 --> 00:36:48,930 The debris field. 510 00:36:50,311 --> 00:36:55,799 Scattered pieces of aluminum blown apart by explosive power. 511 00:36:59,009 --> 00:37:02,944 As light hits what appears to be the broken aluminum hull, 512 00:37:04,256 --> 00:37:08,640 it's clear half the boat remains intact. 513 00:37:09,882 --> 00:37:13,265 Including one of its stabilizers. 514 00:37:15,233 --> 00:37:20,168 And a huge jet engine runs over a third the length of the boat, 515 00:37:21,446 --> 00:37:25,691 much bigger than you'd expect on any regular speed boat. 516 00:37:28,107 --> 00:37:31,145 It's the proof they've been looking for. 517 00:37:31,490 --> 00:37:33,734 It's the Crusader. 518 00:37:35,080 --> 00:37:40,672 But can they solve the mystery of why it was wrecked? 519 00:37:40,706 --> 00:37:43,778 And why some people believe that Nessie 520 00:37:43,813 --> 00:37:46,160 could have played a role. 521 00:37:47,403 --> 00:37:50,509 ADRIAN: After the accident, there were speculations that 522 00:37:50,544 --> 00:37:53,650 it was the wake of the Loch Ness Monster. 523 00:37:56,343 --> 00:37:59,069 NARRATOR: Adrian and Craig go back to the original footage 524 00:37:59,104 --> 00:38:02,521 and analyze the crash frame by frame. 525 00:38:08,665 --> 00:38:11,875 And spot something unusual. 526 00:38:13,256 --> 00:38:14,878 ADRIAN: That's interesting. 527 00:38:14,913 --> 00:38:17,743 I think we should look at the other side, yes. 528 00:38:17,778 --> 00:38:19,607 Right. 529 00:38:19,642 --> 00:38:22,300 Now this is different. 530 00:38:22,334 --> 00:38:24,336 CRAIG: This is from the other side, looking from the west shore. 531 00:38:24,371 --> 00:38:26,649 ADRIAN: There is an oscillation taking place. 532 00:38:26,683 --> 00:38:27,926 CRAIG: Yeah. 533 00:38:27,960 --> 00:38:29,030 ADRIAN: He's thrown backwards and forwards, 534 00:38:29,065 --> 00:38:30,756 backwards and forwards. 535 00:38:30,791 --> 00:38:33,759 CRAIG: So she's still fully in control as she crosses the 536 00:38:33,794 --> 00:38:35,105 measure mile. 537 00:38:35,140 --> 00:38:38,488 ADRIAN: She's in control, but she's oscillating. 538 00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:41,008 CRAIG: He's started to slow down, 539 00:38:41,042 --> 00:38:43,528 the camera's slowly catching there. 540 00:38:43,562 --> 00:38:47,359 ADRIAN: And down goes the bow and immediately you see this 541 00:38:47,394 --> 00:38:49,568 plume go out. 542 00:38:49,603 --> 00:38:51,605 CRAIG: Yeah. 543 00:38:51,639 --> 00:38:54,332 ADRIAN: And there we go. 544 00:38:57,611 --> 00:39:01,684 NARRATOR: Analysis of the footage reveals Crusader hits waves. 545 00:39:01,718 --> 00:39:03,962 But this is puzzling. 546 00:39:03,996 --> 00:39:07,172 There shouldn't have been any waves. 547 00:39:09,174 --> 00:39:12,764 Cobb and his team know that they can only conduct speed 548 00:39:12,798 --> 00:39:17,355 trials on those rare days when the Loch is absolutely calm. 549 00:39:18,563 --> 00:39:21,842 They delay their record-breaking attempt until the wind 550 00:39:21,876 --> 00:39:25,604 has dropped and the Loch is so calm it's like a mirror. 551 00:39:27,157 --> 00:39:31,230 So where does the mysterious wave come from? 552 00:39:36,891 --> 00:39:39,169 Adrian thinks there's something else on the bottom 553 00:39:39,204 --> 00:39:42,552 of the Loch that could help answer the question of why 554 00:39:42,587 --> 00:39:46,245 waves big enough to destroy a boat can suddenly appear in 555 00:39:46,280 --> 00:39:50,008 Loch Ness, as if from nowhere. 556 00:39:59,742 --> 00:40:02,848 NARRATOR: People have lived around Loch Ness for centuries. 557 00:40:04,229 --> 00:40:07,301 But there were hardly any sightings of a monster until 558 00:40:07,335 --> 00:40:11,547 the 1930s, when the numbers explode. 559 00:40:12,824 --> 00:40:15,585 Why the sudden increase? 560 00:40:17,138 --> 00:40:20,383 Adrian believes that another wreck at the bottom of Loch Ness 561 00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:24,042 may help explain, and shed light on 562 00:40:24,076 --> 00:40:27,666 the tragic fate of John Cobb. 563 00:40:32,395 --> 00:40:36,054 The Pansy is an ocean-going fishing boat, 564 00:40:36,088 --> 00:40:39,195 built at the turn of the 20th Century. 565 00:40:39,229 --> 00:40:44,476 She has a 60 foot main mast, two feet thick at the base. 566 00:40:45,719 --> 00:40:50,689 But what is an ocean-going vessel doing in Loch Ness? 567 00:40:54,072 --> 00:40:58,939 In 1803, construction begins on an ambitious project to 568 00:40:58,973 --> 00:41:03,184 link the Lochs of the Great Glen into a 60 mile passage 569 00:41:03,219 --> 00:41:05,670 from sea to sea. 570 00:41:05,704 --> 00:41:08,914 The Caledonian Canal. 571 00:41:13,781 --> 00:41:17,095 With this waterway in place, fishing fleets can now cross 572 00:41:17,129 --> 00:41:21,479 through its canal locks quickly from one side of Scotland to the other. 573 00:41:22,031 --> 00:41:24,792 ADRIAN: Thousands once moved through Loch Ness from the 574 00:41:24,827 --> 00:41:27,588 east to the west coast fishing grounds. 575 00:41:28,693 --> 00:41:32,179 NARRATOR: One of those thousands of boats is the Pansy. 576 00:41:33,145 --> 00:41:37,840 Perhaps it can now offer up a clue to the surge in monster sightings. 577 00:41:41,015 --> 00:41:43,328 CRAIG: So, we're gonna pass the Munin really close right 578 00:41:43,362 --> 00:41:45,848 over the top of Pansy, so we can get the best possible 579 00:41:45,882 --> 00:41:48,436 three-dimensional representation of the wreck. 580 00:41:50,024 --> 00:41:52,544 NARRATOR: The Pansy sinks near the center of the Loch, 581 00:41:52,579 --> 00:41:55,547 close to an area called Foyers. 582 00:41:56,375 --> 00:42:00,345 It's here where Munin is completing its final scan. 583 00:42:03,072 --> 00:42:06,040 CRAIG: If we zoom in here, wow, look at that. 584 00:42:06,075 --> 00:42:07,835 Now I'm starting to see some extra footage. 585 00:42:07,870 --> 00:42:09,837 ADRIAN: You have the most classic form. 586 00:42:09,872 --> 00:42:13,116 Look at that deep four foot and that digs into the water 587 00:42:13,151 --> 00:42:16,534 and allows the vessel to tack against the wind. 588 00:42:17,051 --> 00:42:20,952 Look at the rudder there on that sharp stern. 589 00:42:22,954 --> 00:42:26,336 NARRATOR: Using Craig's incredibly precise data, 590 00:42:26,371 --> 00:42:29,477 we can drain the waters around the wreck of Pansy, 591 00:42:29,512 --> 00:42:33,481 to show the Loch bed here in extraordinary detail. 592 00:42:35,242 --> 00:42:39,867 Revealing the fishing boat for the first time in almost 100 years. 593 00:42:45,252 --> 00:42:50,050 Gently resting on the Loch bed, she's remarkably intact. 594 00:42:52,086 --> 00:42:56,159 Including the crutch on which the huge mast once rested. 595 00:42:57,229 --> 00:43:01,268 But the data reveals something unexpected. 596 00:43:01,302 --> 00:43:03,995 A missing piece. 597 00:43:04,582 --> 00:43:06,100 ADRIAN: Where's the mast? CRAIG: Yeah. 598 00:43:06,135 --> 00:43:08,620 ADRIAN: If there's no mast then how did she get about? 599 00:43:08,655 --> 00:43:10,380 CRAIG: Yep. 600 00:43:10,967 --> 00:43:14,971 NARRATOR: Returning to the drained wreck site reveals the answer. 601 00:43:16,283 --> 00:43:20,356 Inside her wooden hull, an engine. 602 00:43:21,668 --> 00:43:25,637 ADRIAN: The boat was built in 1903, but in 1909, 603 00:43:25,672 --> 00:43:28,847 an auxiliary motor was fitted. 604 00:43:28,882 --> 00:43:32,402 A 40... a 48 horsepower Thornycroft. 605 00:43:34,025 --> 00:43:36,752 NARRATOR: Pansy didn't have a mast because she 606 00:43:36,786 --> 00:43:39,513 no longer needed one. 607 00:43:39,547 --> 00:43:42,620 The installing of a Thornycroft engine allowed 608 00:43:42,654 --> 00:43:45,105 her to move between fishing grounds, 609 00:43:45,139 --> 00:43:47,659 even in dead calm weather. 610 00:43:48,867 --> 00:43:52,353 And this simple advance in technology may help explain 611 00:43:52,388 --> 00:43:55,943 how a wave could suddenly come from nowhere, 612 00:43:55,978 --> 00:43:59,360 as it did so disastrously for John Cobb. 613 00:44:02,294 --> 00:44:04,158 ADRIAN: If the water goes calm, 614 00:44:04,193 --> 00:44:08,680 a sailing vessel goes nowhere, it is becalmed. 615 00:44:10,440 --> 00:44:14,375 NARRATOR: To be able to sail, a sailing vessel requires wind, 616 00:44:14,410 --> 00:44:17,724 and wind can disturb the water so completely you 617 00:44:17,758 --> 00:44:20,450 can't see a boat's wake. 618 00:44:20,485 --> 00:44:23,453 But with the advent of motor power, 619 00:44:23,488 --> 00:44:26,767 boats can travel back and forth across Loch Ness, 620 00:44:26,802 --> 00:44:29,080 in dead calm, 621 00:44:29,114 --> 00:44:33,118 leaving an unbroken and visible wake behind them. 622 00:44:35,534 --> 00:44:39,090 It's now that Loch Ness itself turns these wakes into 623 00:44:39,124 --> 00:44:41,817 something remarkable. 624 00:44:42,334 --> 00:44:46,718 Its steep sides and unusually straight shape mean that wakes 625 00:44:46,753 --> 00:44:49,721 created by boats can last for hours, 626 00:44:49,756 --> 00:44:55,002 moving up and down the Loch, miles from any visible boat. 627 00:44:57,004 --> 00:44:58,765 ADRIAN: If you're looking across the Loch, 628 00:44:58,799 --> 00:45:03,079 the vessel having made it will have gone a mile or more 629 00:45:03,114 --> 00:45:06,358 before that, that wake hits the shore. 630 00:45:08,084 --> 00:45:11,191 NARRATOR: Despite Cobb's precautions, 631 00:45:11,225 --> 00:45:14,712 the likely explanation for his crash is that his lightly 632 00:45:14,746 --> 00:45:18,785 built speed boat hit a long lasting wake, 633 00:45:18,819 --> 00:45:22,823 perhaps from one of his own support vessels. 634 00:45:24,204 --> 00:45:26,827 ADRIAN: They can travel for miles in calm water, 635 00:45:26,862 --> 00:45:28,829 where they're not broken up. 636 00:45:28,864 --> 00:45:32,695 At 200 miles an hour, any wave is going to damage a 637 00:45:32,730 --> 00:45:35,594 lightly built vessel like Crusader. 638 00:45:37,596 --> 00:45:40,151 NARRATOR: The unexpectedly strange behavior of water and 639 00:45:40,185 --> 00:45:45,294 currents in Loch Ness may also explain that strangest of all 640 00:45:45,328 --> 00:45:49,298 phenomena in the Loch, the monster. 641 00:45:50,955 --> 00:45:54,717 From above, they are simple wakes. 642 00:45:54,752 --> 00:45:59,549 But side on from the shore line, the monster appears. 643 00:46:01,828 --> 00:46:04,865 ADRIAN: And that wake, observed from a low angle, 644 00:46:04,900 --> 00:46:07,454 actually looks very solid. 645 00:46:08,110 --> 00:46:09,732 MAN: See, look, what's that? 646 00:46:09,767 --> 00:46:12,010 What is that? 647 00:46:12,045 --> 00:46:15,669 NARRATOR: Just as Cobb's vessel was likely hit by a wake, 648 00:46:15,703 --> 00:46:18,879 the many people who think they see a humped serpent 649 00:46:18,914 --> 00:46:20,674 wriggling in the Loch 650 00:46:20,708 --> 00:46:24,091 may in fact be seeing nothing more mysterious 651 00:46:24,126 --> 00:46:28,682 than the watery signature of a boat that's many miles away. 652 00:46:29,510 --> 00:46:32,444 ADRIAN: Have we solved the Loch Ness mystery? 653 00:46:33,411 --> 00:46:38,761 Well, there will be a Loch Ness Monster as long as we want one. 654 00:46:41,660 --> 00:46:44,905 NARRATOR: Draining Loch Ness reveals a possible scientific 655 00:46:44,940 --> 00:46:48,702 explanation of one of the world's greatest mysteries. 656 00:46:50,911 --> 00:46:55,295 But for the excited visitors who still come in search of Nessie, 657 00:46:56,261 --> 00:46:59,989 and the hundreds who claim to catch a glimpse of her, 658 00:47:00,024 --> 00:47:04,028 the monster remains alive and well. 659 00:47:04,683 --> 00:47:05,857 Captioned by Cotter Captioning Services.