1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:01:04,272 --> 00:01:07,609 I was six years old when they came for my mother. 4 00:01:11,029 --> 00:01:15,033 People from the town, Franco supporters. 5 00:01:21,539 --> 00:01:25,794 They found her the next day by the side of the road. 6 00:01:27,754 --> 00:01:30,131 They couldn't take her to the cemetery. 7 00:01:30,256 --> 00:01:32,842 The townspeople wouldn't let them. 8 00:01:35,261 --> 00:01:36,638 This stays here. 9 00:01:44,771 --> 00:01:46,523 The day after tomorrow, the flowers will be gone. 10 00:01:46,606 --> 00:01:47,690 Yes. 11 00:01:53,071 --> 00:01:56,157 This is the gravesite. 12 00:01:56,991 --> 00:01:59,285 This is the mass grave. 13 00:02:09,045 --> 00:02:11,089 Look... there. 14 00:02:11,172 --> 00:02:14,717 In those brambles... 15 00:02:14,801 --> 00:02:16,803 They threw the clothes. 16 00:02:18,972 --> 00:02:22,308 And left the women naked. 17 00:02:33,486 --> 00:02:35,697 How unjust life is. 18 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:43,329 Not life. 19 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:47,709 We humans... we are unjust. 20 00:04:29,227 --> 00:04:34,983 We call it the Spanish Civil War, but it began with a military coup. 21 00:04:40,571 --> 00:04:43,616 That's Franco next to Hitler. 22 00:04:52,917 --> 00:04:58,506 Franco was the dictator in Spain for almost 40 years. 23 00:05:25,074 --> 00:05:26,743 Spaniards... 24 00:05:28,202 --> 00:05:29,454 Franco... 25 00:05:30,288 --> 00:05:31,581 has died. 26 00:05:35,668 --> 00:05:40,882 Finally the murderers start rotting 27 00:05:40,965 --> 00:05:46,220 While our people are growing 28 00:05:46,304 --> 00:05:50,683 And the cry for amnesty grows and grows 29 00:05:52,018 --> 00:05:55,980 Soon we'll be walking along the Gran Vía 30 00:05:56,064 --> 00:05:58,441 Let them come, yes 31 00:05:58,524 --> 00:06:02,987 The left fought for an amnesty to free political prisoners. 32 00:06:06,908 --> 00:06:10,411 And thought they had won. 33 00:06:19,629 --> 00:06:26,052 But the new law also granted amnesty for all the crimes of the dictatorship. 34 00:06:26,552 --> 00:06:30,973 This came to be known as "The Pact of Forgetting." 35 00:06:32,683 --> 00:06:35,561 It's simply a forgetting... 36 00:06:36,437 --> 00:06:39,524 An amnesty for all, by all. 37 00:06:39,941 --> 00:06:42,568 A forgetting for all, by all. 38 00:06:44,237 --> 00:06:47,865 A law can establish a forgetting... 39 00:06:51,077 --> 00:06:55,081 but that forgetting shall come down to all of society. 40 00:06:55,665 --> 00:07:00,086 We must ensure that this forgetting becomes widespread 41 00:07:00,586 --> 00:07:02,463 because it is the only way 42 00:07:02,588 --> 00:07:06,134 we can shake each other's hands without rancor. 43 00:07:09,929 --> 00:07:14,892 Those of us raised after Franco don't really know what happened. 44 00:07:16,936 --> 00:07:19,814 Schools never taught us about it. 45 00:07:22,233 --> 00:07:24,861 Our parents didn't tell us. 46 00:07:26,988 --> 00:07:32,243 And we can't tell our children because we ourselves don't know. 47 00:07:49,677 --> 00:07:52,763 Come, I'm going to take you somewhere. 48 00:07:52,889 --> 00:07:55,933 To give you a little surprise. 49 00:07:57,351 --> 00:07:58,436 Okay? 50 00:08:13,284 --> 00:08:17,205 That's the entrance, and that's the house. 51 00:08:18,956 --> 00:08:21,876 Antonio González Pacheco lives here. 52 00:08:22,543 --> 00:08:24,837 Alias "Billy the Kid." 53 00:08:24,962 --> 00:08:29,634 This is the person who tortured me on three occasions 54 00:08:29,759 --> 00:08:32,303 when I was just over 20. 55 00:08:36,265 --> 00:08:40,686 I have to live just meters away 56 00:08:41,062 --> 00:08:43,189 from the person who tortured me. 57 00:08:55,868 --> 00:08:57,453 That's him. 58 00:08:58,496 --> 00:09:00,623 "Billy the Kid." 59 00:09:01,123 --> 00:09:05,127 I think he enjoyed producing terror. 60 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:13,261 We have a lot of information about him. 61 00:09:14,011 --> 00:09:17,515 For example, he ran the 33rd Madrid Marathon... 62 00:09:18,516 --> 00:09:20,851 and the New York one, too. 63 00:09:22,645 --> 00:09:25,982 This character is untouchable. 64 00:09:28,442 --> 00:09:32,947 But I think we've found a way to bring him to justice. 65 00:10:06,772 --> 00:10:09,942 -Good morning. -Don't tell me we got here last. 66 00:10:10,067 --> 00:10:12,403 The barbarians from the north. 67 00:10:12,486 --> 00:10:14,030 Hey, how's it going? 68 00:10:14,864 --> 00:10:15,865 What's up? 69 00:10:19,869 --> 00:10:23,372 We have 148 torturers here. 70 00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:26,876 This is the famous one... "Billy the Kid." 71 00:10:27,251 --> 00:10:32,423 We have selected seven who later held important positions. 72 00:10:32,548 --> 00:10:36,927 The idea of indicting a cabinet member now is too much, right? 73 00:10:37,053 --> 00:10:40,139 But this is the moment to go after "Billy the Kid." 74 00:10:40,222 --> 00:10:45,353 That one is indisputable and no one will come to his defense. 75 00:11:09,794 --> 00:11:12,505 A bit of gentle music, right? 76 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:17,968 Albinoni, the "Adagio." 77 00:11:30,523 --> 00:11:32,691 When someone is murdered, it's clear. 78 00:11:32,817 --> 00:11:37,738 The courts must prosecute the criminal and provide reparations to the victim. 79 00:11:37,863 --> 00:11:41,700 Yet when we talk about genocide or crimes against humanity, 80 00:11:41,784 --> 00:11:43,327 it's not so clear. 81 00:11:43,411 --> 00:11:46,372 Rather, people start looking for arguments. 82 00:11:46,455 --> 00:11:49,291 "It was a long time ago. 83 00:11:49,417 --> 00:11:53,546 It's better to forget, we must turn the page," etc. 84 00:12:19,530 --> 00:12:26,370 How can you serve justice for crimes committed by the state? 85 00:12:27,371 --> 00:12:31,125 By involving the courts of the world. 86 00:12:31,208 --> 00:12:33,586 That's the idea of universal jurisdiction. 87 00:12:33,711 --> 00:12:37,298 Crimes against humanity can be prosecuted at any time, 88 00:12:37,423 --> 00:12:39,717 by any court anywhere in the world. 89 00:12:41,469 --> 00:12:45,055 The great example is what happened in Chile, with Pinochet. 90 00:12:57,943 --> 00:13:01,155 The former dictator remains under guard 91 00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:07,244 after an arrest warrant was issued by a Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzón. 92 00:13:13,751 --> 00:13:16,128 I was a lawyer on that case. 93 00:13:16,712 --> 00:13:21,759 Even we couldn't believe that Pinochet had been arrested. 94 00:13:26,013 --> 00:13:29,600 Justice! Justice has been served! 95 00:13:29,683 --> 00:13:32,645 It sends the world a clear message. 96 00:13:32,728 --> 00:13:34,772 These criminals cannot go unpunished. 97 00:13:34,855 --> 00:13:36,982 Their crimes have no statute of limitations. 98 00:13:37,066 --> 00:13:38,442 There are no borders to their prosecution. 99 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:09,056 The prosecution of Judge Garzón is used to state 100 00:14:09,139 --> 00:14:13,602 that crimes committed under Franco cannot be investigated at all. 101 00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:20,860 And so we decided to file a lawsuit in Argentina. 102 00:14:39,837 --> 00:14:42,756 We have no doubt it will grow. 103 00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:46,051 Since it was announced publicly four days ago, 104 00:14:46,176 --> 00:14:50,848 we've received numerous calls and emails 105 00:14:50,931 --> 00:14:55,311 from relatives of victims of the Franco regime. 106 00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:02,693 We will find you wherever you may go! 107 00:15:11,368 --> 00:15:13,329 Are you ready to give your testimony? 108 00:15:13,454 --> 00:15:14,496 Yes... 109 00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:20,878 If you could testify before a judge, what would you say? 110 00:15:22,087 --> 00:15:23,631 I'm a plaintiff 111 00:15:23,756 --> 00:15:27,676 because I'm reclaiming my right to justice. 112 00:15:28,510 --> 00:15:31,513 I'm in the lawsuit for my father's death. 113 00:15:32,097 --> 00:15:36,435 My father is buried in Baeza with everyone executed there, 114 00:15:36,560 --> 00:15:39,021 nine hundred or so. 115 00:15:39,104 --> 00:15:40,606 We're in the lawsuit 116 00:15:40,689 --> 00:15:44,443 for the execution by garotte of my brother Salvador, who was 25. 117 00:15:44,526 --> 00:15:47,821 My father was one of the slaves of the Franco regime. 118 00:15:47,905 --> 00:15:51,533 I have relatives who have spent almost 20 years in prison. 119 00:15:51,617 --> 00:15:55,204 The Fascists took him out to a road 30 kilometers away 120 00:15:55,287 --> 00:15:57,289 and executed him. 121 00:15:57,665 --> 00:15:58,791 My grandfather... 122 00:16:00,459 --> 00:16:02,795 was beaten to death... 123 00:16:03,712 --> 00:16:07,216 because he wouldn't say where his sons were. 124 00:16:07,716 --> 00:16:12,638 The thing is, all this has been covered up until now. 125 00:16:22,523 --> 00:16:23,732 And then, 126 00:16:24,108 --> 00:16:25,651 a path emerges. 127 00:16:26,276 --> 00:16:27,820 A little door. 128 00:16:28,737 --> 00:16:33,075 Hey, we can resort to universal jurisdiction. 129 00:16:56,181 --> 00:16:59,268 Spain's Amnesty Law has prevented 130 00:16:59,351 --> 00:17:03,939 Spanish judges from investigating. 131 00:17:05,399 --> 00:17:09,611 But crimes against humanity have no statute of limitations. 132 00:17:09,695 --> 00:17:15,117 No amnesty can cover them up or prevent their investigation. 133 00:17:22,958 --> 00:17:27,671 You don't understand what it's like to talk to someone who's 80 and tells you, 134 00:17:27,796 --> 00:17:30,758 "I need to talk to the judge because I may die." 135 00:17:31,717 --> 00:17:37,890 There are many people asking to testify by videoconference. 136 00:17:38,015 --> 00:17:42,603 We believe we have satisfied all procedural requirements 137 00:17:42,728 --> 00:17:46,065 to move forward with these measures. 138 00:17:46,148 --> 00:17:48,108 There's a lot to read. 139 00:17:48,567 --> 00:17:51,862 And what we need are witnesses, right? 140 00:17:53,864 --> 00:17:55,783 We need witnesses. 141 00:18:17,304 --> 00:18:20,182 In this case, there are several protagonists. 142 00:18:20,265 --> 00:18:22,643 Time is one of them. 143 00:18:23,811 --> 00:18:26,105 LONG LIVE FRANCO 144 00:18:29,233 --> 00:18:30,651 Those who don't want this to go to trial 145 00:18:30,734 --> 00:18:36,281 are relying on time to take the victims away. 146 00:18:37,241 --> 00:18:39,910 GENERALISSIMO FRANCO SQUARE 147 00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:52,047 -Hello. -Hello. 148 00:18:52,172 --> 00:18:53,799 How are you? 149 00:18:53,924 --> 00:18:55,592 Hello, honey. 150 00:18:55,676 --> 00:18:57,302 Very good, and you? 151 00:18:57,427 --> 00:18:58,595 Thank you very much. 152 00:19:10,607 --> 00:19:12,860 When they came for my mother, 153 00:19:12,985 --> 00:19:18,240 they put her in the school, which was the jail for women. 154 00:19:19,491 --> 00:19:20,659 There... 155 00:19:21,410 --> 00:19:23,912 they shaved their heads. 156 00:19:27,624 --> 00:19:29,960 She hadn't done anything. 157 00:19:30,752 --> 00:19:34,631 They were harvesters. They said she was a "red." 158 00:19:37,009 --> 00:19:42,639 They walked her through the village with fifes and drums 159 00:19:42,764 --> 00:19:45,684 so everyone would come out to see. 160 00:19:47,352 --> 00:19:52,149 The village kids all followed behind... 161 00:19:52,691 --> 00:19:55,652 but they didn't let me get near her. 162 00:20:10,167 --> 00:20:17,090 That night they killed 27 men and three women. 163 00:20:17,382 --> 00:20:23,639 Lucía, María, and my mother, Faustina López González. 164 00:20:25,307 --> 00:20:27,059 My father told me, 165 00:20:27,184 --> 00:20:32,314 "Try to retrieve the remains one day and bring them to me." 166 00:20:33,315 --> 00:20:36,068 But I've always been alone. 167 00:20:36,610 --> 00:20:41,490 My own children fight among themselves. 168 00:20:42,199 --> 00:20:44,743 Some want to, some don't. 169 00:20:46,245 --> 00:20:47,913 I'm not asking for revenge. 170 00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:50,707 -I ask for the remains... -The right to bury her. 171 00:20:50,791 --> 00:20:52,292 ...her remains. 172 00:20:52,417 --> 00:20:54,336 To bury her with her husband. 173 00:20:54,836 --> 00:20:57,297 Nothing more. That's all I ask for. 174 00:20:57,798 --> 00:21:00,717 We are now presenting our case in Argentina. 175 00:21:00,801 --> 00:21:03,428 You'll be part of that case. 176 00:21:03,512 --> 00:21:07,933 How am I going to go to Argentina... in my condition? 177 00:21:08,016 --> 00:21:10,852 No, you don't have to go. 178 00:21:11,311 --> 00:21:13,855 What's important is that they say, 179 00:21:13,939 --> 00:21:18,277 "In Spain, at that time, there were crimes against humanity." 180 00:21:18,610 --> 00:21:22,864 And when that is said, the country will have the obligation 181 00:21:22,948 --> 00:21:26,159 to give you the remains. 182 00:21:26,243 --> 00:21:29,246 When I would have died... 183 00:21:45,095 --> 00:21:46,847 Not far from María's 184 00:21:46,930 --> 00:21:50,684 stands one of the few monuments to Franco's victims. 185 00:21:54,396 --> 00:21:57,149 A few hours after its unveiling, 186 00:21:57,274 --> 00:21:59,568 after decades of democracy, 187 00:21:59,985 --> 00:22:02,529 someone shot the statues. 188 00:22:06,867 --> 00:22:12,331 The sculptor deemed that the bullet holes had completed his work. 189 00:22:21,673 --> 00:22:24,926 The spirit of harmony, born in the Spanish transition... 190 00:22:27,596 --> 00:22:31,892 ...is not made by stirring up tombs and bones or butting heads with each other. 191 00:22:31,975 --> 00:22:36,396 It's made by working hard every day for the future of the country. 192 00:22:39,191 --> 00:22:41,693 Does it make sense that in 2016, 193 00:22:41,777 --> 00:22:45,614 thousands of Spaniards still don't know where their grandparents are buried? 194 00:22:48,992 --> 00:22:51,036 I'm not sure what you're saying is true, 195 00:22:51,161 --> 00:22:54,122 or that the government can do anything to fix it. 196 00:22:54,247 --> 00:22:56,166 Well, it is true, Mr. Rajoy. 197 00:22:56,291 --> 00:22:58,752 Sure, of course, many people don't know. 198 00:22:58,877 --> 00:23:03,757 But it makes more sense to avoid repeating those things in the future 199 00:23:03,882 --> 00:23:08,011 than to mull continually over the past. 200 00:23:11,890 --> 00:23:12,891 Good evening. 201 00:23:16,478 --> 00:23:20,816 These are times to strengthen a Spain of open arms, 202 00:23:20,941 --> 00:23:26,279 where no one stirs up old grudges or opens closed wounds. 203 00:23:29,116 --> 00:23:30,951 Do you know what the Pact of Forgetting is? 204 00:23:31,034 --> 00:23:32,035 No. 205 00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:33,662 Do you know what the Amnesty Law is? 206 00:23:33,745 --> 00:23:34,621 No. 207 00:23:35,747 --> 00:23:37,874 We don't study those things. 208 00:23:37,958 --> 00:23:39,709 The Amnesty Law... 209 00:23:41,128 --> 00:23:43,380 It rings a bell, but... 210 00:23:43,505 --> 00:23:44,422 No. 211 00:23:45,048 --> 00:23:49,177 We must forget the whole past because it was 40 years ago. 212 00:23:49,302 --> 00:23:52,681 Because some lost relatives in the war on the Republican side, 213 00:23:52,806 --> 00:23:55,809 and others lost people on Franco's side. 214 00:23:55,934 --> 00:23:59,521 Forget everything and... move on. 215 00:23:59,646 --> 00:24:01,898 We won't get anywhere with that. 216 00:24:51,406 --> 00:24:56,119 This... is the toilet. It used to be there. 217 00:24:56,578 --> 00:25:03,376 This has to do with my obsession with putting things in their place. 218 00:25:07,631 --> 00:25:13,094 When I was here, I must have been... 24. 219 00:25:15,639 --> 00:25:20,810 I was charged with illicit association and illegal propaganda. 220 00:25:44,042 --> 00:25:50,090 The story of my opposition to the Franco dictatorship begins in 1968... 221 00:25:53,718 --> 00:25:57,973 with the founding of a democratic student union. 222 00:26:04,646 --> 00:26:08,900 There is no freedom of the press, no right of assembly. 223 00:26:17,617 --> 00:26:22,414 A member of this union, Enrique Ruano, is murdered by the police. 224 00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:26,793 They put two bullets in his head 225 00:26:26,876 --> 00:26:30,505 and throw him out of a window, calling it a suicide. 226 00:26:32,007 --> 00:26:34,467 This makes a deep impression. 227 00:26:34,592 --> 00:26:38,888 That's when I decided I had no choice but to devote my life 228 00:26:39,014 --> 00:26:41,766 to ending that dictatorship. 229 00:26:46,646 --> 00:26:51,359 For my whole generation, the dictatorship meant... 230 00:26:51,443 --> 00:26:54,988 depriving us of freedom... 231 00:26:56,614 --> 00:26:58,783 ...of rights, of everything. 232 00:27:03,621 --> 00:27:07,167 We thought there was another way to live, 233 00:27:07,250 --> 00:27:11,629 more fulfilling, where we could be happier. 234 00:27:16,676 --> 00:27:20,889 I was ready to leave when the police knocked. 235 00:27:21,806 --> 00:27:24,976 "Billy the Kid" stuffed a cloth in my mouth. 236 00:27:26,061 --> 00:27:29,064 And from then on, the blows... 237 00:27:33,276 --> 00:27:35,737 We arrived at the General Security Headquarters, 238 00:27:35,862 --> 00:27:38,073 what we called the "DGS." 239 00:27:41,576 --> 00:27:43,703 Nobody knew you were there. 240 00:27:44,662 --> 00:27:46,331 You disappeared. 241 00:28:10,939 --> 00:28:12,565 In that building... 242 00:28:12,649 --> 00:28:14,442 People were tortured! 243 00:28:14,567 --> 00:28:16,194 In that building... 244 00:28:16,277 --> 00:28:17,862 People were assassinated! 245 00:28:26,329 --> 00:28:29,958 Forty days of torture... 246 00:28:30,041 --> 00:28:33,795 Something breaks inside you, and will never be the same. 247 00:28:36,172 --> 00:28:39,509 Thousands of people had their entire lives broken. 248 00:28:41,469 --> 00:28:44,347 Who they were, and what they could become. 249 00:28:46,182 --> 00:28:49,185 We have lost everything. 250 00:28:49,269 --> 00:28:53,440 And we will have to fight again to recover what we lost, 251 00:28:53,565 --> 00:28:55,024 and much more. 252 00:28:55,775 --> 00:28:59,112 And I, even if it's the last thing I do, 253 00:28:59,612 --> 00:29:03,074 I'll be there speaking out against this. 254 00:29:30,894 --> 00:29:32,896 This is a historic moment 255 00:29:32,979 --> 00:29:37,734 because the plaintiffs are going to testify before the judge 256 00:29:37,817 --> 00:29:42,989 that is, in a court of law, for the first time. 257 00:29:43,531 --> 00:29:49,078 I don't think we've ever taken such an important step, ever. 258 00:29:49,162 --> 00:29:50,705 Good luck, honey... 259 00:29:53,750 --> 00:29:55,293 -Ready? -Yes. 260 00:29:58,463 --> 00:29:59,589 Hold on. 261 00:30:12,435 --> 00:30:15,104 -There's an hour delay. -Oh, no! 262 00:30:15,188 --> 00:30:18,817 We're so on edge that every little thing makes us... 263 00:30:18,942 --> 00:30:20,902 Makes us think... 264 00:30:23,279 --> 00:30:24,781 Yes, tell me... 265 00:30:28,201 --> 00:30:29,077 Yes... 266 00:30:30,912 --> 00:30:32,288 Goodbye. 267 00:30:32,413 --> 00:30:34,415 It seems that the ambassador 268 00:30:34,541 --> 00:30:36,960 -called the judge... -You're kidding. 269 00:30:37,085 --> 00:30:40,129 ...saying that if videoconferences take place, 270 00:30:40,255 --> 00:30:43,675 it would mean breaking relations with Spain. 271 00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:47,595 So the videoconferences have been canceled. 272 00:31:04,112 --> 00:31:05,864 What you should write is, 273 00:31:06,698 --> 00:31:12,161 "Videoconferences canceled due to pressure from the Spanish government." 274 00:31:13,496 --> 00:31:15,790 It's an attempt to paralyze this lawsuit 275 00:31:15,915 --> 00:31:19,127 that the government feels is growing by the minute 276 00:31:19,252 --> 00:31:21,212 and is becoming more unstoppable... 277 00:31:23,506 --> 00:31:26,217 There are very powerful interests 278 00:31:26,342 --> 00:31:30,221 that want to prevent all this from being investigated. 279 00:31:55,663 --> 00:31:59,667 Onwards, squadrons, to victory 280 00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:03,922 That a new day dawns in Spain! 281 00:32:04,047 --> 00:32:05,757 Hail Spain! 282 00:32:05,965 --> 00:32:10,303 Hail Spain! Hail Spain! 283 00:32:13,765 --> 00:32:16,267 MAKE SPAIN GREAT AGAIN 284 00:32:28,529 --> 00:32:33,743 In my opinion, the most important thing to remember about Franco 285 00:32:33,868 --> 00:32:38,414 is that he was never wrong. 286 00:32:39,540 --> 00:32:44,087 Franco saved Christian Western civilization 287 00:32:44,170 --> 00:32:46,172 from communist tyranny. 288 00:32:48,716 --> 00:32:52,387 The forgetting started long before the amnesty. 289 00:32:57,725 --> 00:33:00,186 The world chose to forget, 290 00:33:00,269 --> 00:33:03,189 embracing Franco in its fight against communism. 291 00:33:18,913 --> 00:33:21,582 Regarding the succession to the Head of State, 292 00:33:21,708 --> 00:33:24,544 it's all taken care of, with no loose ends... 293 00:33:24,669 --> 00:33:29,924 with the designation of Prince Juan Carlos of Borbón as my heir. 294 00:33:30,633 --> 00:33:34,846 I receive from His Excellency, the Head of State Generalissimo Franco 295 00:33:34,971 --> 00:33:40,018 the political legitimacy that arose on July 18, 1936. 296 00:33:51,279 --> 00:33:56,242 After Franco's death, many of his police, judges and politicians 297 00:33:56,325 --> 00:33:59,203 simply continued on. 298 00:34:02,957 --> 00:34:05,752 I think the "forgetting" 299 00:34:05,835 --> 00:34:10,923 was internal, among the politicians themselves. 300 00:34:11,049 --> 00:34:15,428 They didn't want the Spanish people to know that all these politicians 301 00:34:15,553 --> 00:34:19,599 had previously been defenders of Franco's regime. 302 00:34:20,058 --> 00:34:22,643 So they were interested in forgetting 303 00:34:22,727 --> 00:34:26,856 because talking about Franco meant talking about their past. 304 00:34:26,939 --> 00:34:29,692 The results of the vote are as follows, 305 00:34:29,776 --> 00:34:32,862 296 in favor, 306 00:34:32,945 --> 00:34:34,489 two opposed. 307 00:34:34,655 --> 00:34:38,534 Gentlemen, the Amnesty Law is approved. 308 00:35:02,141 --> 00:35:06,187 I wrote to all the bigwigs, as I call them. 309 00:35:08,272 --> 00:35:09,982 To the King, 310 00:35:10,108 --> 00:35:11,859 his son, 311 00:35:11,984 --> 00:35:13,236 the president, 312 00:35:13,319 --> 00:35:14,946 the mayor here. 313 00:35:17,490 --> 00:35:22,537 "Hello, Honorable Judge of the Supreme Court in Madrid. 314 00:35:22,829 --> 00:35:26,707 After they killed his wife, 315 00:35:27,125 --> 00:35:31,129 the only answer my father got was, 316 00:35:31,254 --> 00:35:37,301 'You'll take her to the cemetery when pigs fly. 317 00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:42,140 So don't cause problems, 318 00:35:42,223 --> 00:35:46,686 or we might do to you what we did to her.' 319 00:35:51,149 --> 00:35:55,945 Best regards from this woman 320 00:35:56,028 --> 00:35:58,239 who keeps waiting 321 00:35:58,823 --> 00:36:01,659 for pigs to fly. 322 00:36:01,742 --> 00:36:03,703 María Martín." 323 00:36:06,372 --> 00:36:07,957 I'm lost, is it up here? 324 00:36:08,082 --> 00:36:09,250 Yes, this way. 325 00:36:09,375 --> 00:36:11,377 Okay, much better. 326 00:36:13,796 --> 00:36:18,342 This is the town where my grandmother's whole story took place. 327 00:36:22,013 --> 00:36:23,723 I'm María Ángeles Martín, 328 00:36:23,848 --> 00:36:25,516 daughter of María Martín, 329 00:36:25,641 --> 00:36:28,853 granddaughter of Faustina López, my grandmother, 330 00:36:29,979 --> 00:36:32,732 murdered in Pedro Bernardo. 331 00:36:48,039 --> 00:36:51,709 Kids threw stones at us on the street. 332 00:36:54,587 --> 00:37:00,968 Walking down the street, you'd be looking out for an escape route. 333 00:37:01,093 --> 00:37:04,180 Because when I'd run into someone... 334 00:37:04,305 --> 00:37:07,266 they'd do this with the finger. 335 00:37:07,350 --> 00:37:11,729 "We shouldn't have left even the offspring." 336 00:37:20,696 --> 00:37:23,324 Whenever she saw the Civil Guard approaching, 337 00:37:23,407 --> 00:37:25,952 my mother would pee on herself. 338 00:37:28,913 --> 00:37:33,584 For her, it's not like they had changed with the democracy. 339 00:37:37,129 --> 00:37:41,842 Because it was the same institution, the same people, the same mayor. 340 00:37:48,391 --> 00:37:52,603 Sometimes I'm not so in favor of changing street names. 341 00:37:52,687 --> 00:37:56,399 Because it's history, good or bad, it's history. 342 00:37:56,524 --> 00:38:01,696 Do you find streets in Germany named after Hitler's guys? 343 00:38:01,821 --> 00:38:05,491 It was a bad thing, something that shouldn't happen again. 344 00:38:05,616 --> 00:38:10,746 The culture and history of a country are based on the good and the bad, right? 345 00:38:10,871 --> 00:38:12,873 And we must also remember the bad, right? 346 00:38:12,999 --> 00:38:16,502 -But so it doesn't happen again. -So it doesn't happen again. 347 00:38:16,585 --> 00:38:20,047 -But not to memorialize it. -No. 348 00:38:20,131 --> 00:38:22,425 -I can't handle it. -But why? 349 00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:27,847 I think that it should have been done ages ago. 350 00:38:39,233 --> 00:38:43,070 I live on General Yagüe Street. 351 00:38:43,654 --> 00:38:47,783 He's one of the generals who revolted with Franco. 352 00:38:47,908 --> 00:38:51,704 He's known as "The Butcher of Badajoz" 353 00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:56,625 because he took over 4,000 prisoners 354 00:38:56,709 --> 00:39:01,797 and executed them all in the city's bullfighting ring. 355 00:39:03,257 --> 00:39:07,470 Every day I wake up on a street 356 00:39:07,553 --> 00:39:11,474 dedicated to this war criminal. 357 00:39:19,273 --> 00:39:22,443 THE LEADER SQUARE 358 00:39:27,907 --> 00:39:32,203 FRANCO'S COAT OF ARMS 359 00:39:37,333 --> 00:39:40,920 GENERAL VARELA STREET 360 00:39:41,003 --> 00:39:43,005 GENERAL MOSCARDÓ STREET 361 00:39:43,130 --> 00:39:45,174 CAPTAIN HAYA STREET 362 00:39:51,180 --> 00:39:54,683 HAIL SPAIN SQUARE 363 00:39:55,393 --> 00:40:00,314 FRANCO'S VICTORY ARCH 364 00:40:10,366 --> 00:40:13,702 I have the feeling that we're stuck. 365 00:40:14,412 --> 00:40:18,958 We have to bring the lawsuit back to life again. 366 00:40:19,083 --> 00:40:21,293 We filed the lawsuit three years ago. 367 00:40:21,419 --> 00:40:24,380 We can't allow this to stretch out any longer. 368 00:40:24,505 --> 00:40:27,425 What's critical in a lawsuit like this is the social movement. 369 00:40:27,550 --> 00:40:32,888 So we have to be creative and see how, by mobilizing people, 370 00:40:33,013 --> 00:40:35,391 we can push things forward. 371 00:40:36,517 --> 00:40:37,726 There's not a town in Spain 372 00:40:37,810 --> 00:40:40,646 without victims of the Franco regime, right? 373 00:40:55,536 --> 00:40:57,580 This is not about looking at the past. 374 00:40:57,705 --> 00:41:00,207 We're fighting for the future. 375 00:41:00,624 --> 00:41:04,086 We're joining as Lora del Río's Historic Memory Association. 376 00:41:04,170 --> 00:41:08,257 We're joining this project, 377 00:41:08,382 --> 00:41:10,593 with great enthusiasm. 378 00:41:14,930 --> 00:41:17,391 We want to bring this to little towns. 379 00:41:17,516 --> 00:41:23,105 To gather signatures and also statements of support from town halls. 380 00:41:23,898 --> 00:41:27,067 One town hall at a time. 381 00:41:30,988 --> 00:41:33,991 If the judge decides to issue 382 00:41:34,116 --> 00:41:37,453 international arrest warrants for these people, 383 00:41:37,578 --> 00:41:41,582 our possibilities open up completely. 384 00:41:41,665 --> 00:41:43,501 All this is going to snowball. 385 00:41:58,766 --> 00:42:00,309 My name is María Mercedes Bueno. 386 00:42:00,434 --> 00:42:02,311 I was born in La Línea, 387 00:42:02,436 --> 00:42:05,147 a town in the province of Cádiz, near Gibraltar. 388 00:42:10,736 --> 00:42:13,948 I was 18 and pregnant. 389 00:42:15,783 --> 00:42:17,076 At that time, 390 00:42:17,159 --> 00:42:20,329 to be a single mother was a terrible stigma. 391 00:42:25,334 --> 00:42:28,170 My gynecologist hospitalized me. 392 00:42:28,837 --> 00:42:34,009 It was December 24, Christmas Eve. 393 00:42:35,719 --> 00:42:40,391 He said, "I'll put you to sleep so you don't panic." 394 00:42:45,187 --> 00:42:46,647 The next day, 395 00:42:46,730 --> 00:42:49,316 they told me the baby was dead 396 00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:52,486 and that the hospital would take care of everything. 397 00:43:00,035 --> 00:43:02,913 Twenty-eight years later... I'm surfing the web, 398 00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:06,750 and I start seeing tons of cases of stolen babies 399 00:43:06,834 --> 00:43:09,253 at the Municipal Hospital of La Línea, 400 00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:11,964 with that same doctor. 401 00:43:12,881 --> 00:43:18,512 And I realized that thousands of babies had been stolen all over Spain. 402 00:43:18,804 --> 00:43:21,265 All the cases seem to have a common denominator. 403 00:43:21,390 --> 00:43:23,517 The children are not buried in the cemetery... 404 00:43:23,642 --> 00:43:26,478 ...of the three coffins, two were empty. 405 00:43:26,604 --> 00:43:29,940 They only had bandages and sawdust. 406 00:43:31,692 --> 00:43:36,196 We'd like to see the supposed records of my daughter's burial 407 00:43:36,322 --> 00:43:38,991 from December 24th, 1981. 408 00:43:41,201 --> 00:43:43,537 There's nothing here under that name. 409 00:43:43,621 --> 00:43:45,873 -Nothing? -Nothing. 410 00:43:46,915 --> 00:43:53,547 I discovered that this horror began in the 1940s under Franco. 411 00:44:02,139 --> 00:44:04,600 There had always been rumors. 412 00:44:08,145 --> 00:44:11,231 This is Dr. Vallejo Nágera. 413 00:44:11,315 --> 00:44:14,193 He studied Nazi Germany's eugenics 414 00:44:14,276 --> 00:44:18,489 and became the head of military psychiatry under Franco. 415 00:44:18,572 --> 00:44:25,454 EUGENICS OF SPANISHNESS AND REGENERATION OF THE RACE 416 00:44:30,668 --> 00:44:35,464 He held that leftists carried a "red gene..." 417 00:44:36,799 --> 00:44:39,301 and proposed to purge that gene 418 00:44:39,426 --> 00:44:43,222 by separating the children of the vanquished from their parents. 419 00:44:47,643 --> 00:44:52,689 Thousands of children were given to families loyal to the regime. 420 00:44:54,441 --> 00:44:57,361 DOCTOR VALLEJO-NÁGERA BOULEVARD 421 00:44:58,153 --> 00:45:01,782 With time, many believe the practice evolved. 422 00:45:02,950 --> 00:45:07,121 But the justification switched from political to moral. 423 00:45:07,913 --> 00:45:10,582 The new targets were single women 424 00:45:10,666 --> 00:45:13,502 and poor families with "too many" children. 425 00:45:17,798 --> 00:45:22,970 In Argentina, they estimate 500 children were taken by the military dictatorship. 426 00:45:23,053 --> 00:45:28,976 In Spain, we count the stolen children by the tens or hundreds of thousands. 427 00:45:29,059 --> 00:45:33,814 I get that this lawsuit focuses on crimes committed under Franco, 428 00:45:33,897 --> 00:45:35,816 but we belong there, too. 429 00:45:36,483 --> 00:45:40,612 Because when a system is in place for 40 years, 430 00:45:40,696 --> 00:45:43,574 the machinery can't just be stopped in '75. 431 00:45:43,657 --> 00:45:47,536 These practices continued, they went on and on. 432 00:45:47,619 --> 00:45:50,747 We want our children, alive or dead. 433 00:45:52,916 --> 00:45:54,460 That's all we want. 434 00:45:55,169 --> 00:45:57,880 It's not much. It's so little. 435 00:45:57,963 --> 00:46:00,674 It's a pittance that we're asking for. 436 00:46:01,049 --> 00:46:03,093 There are such terrible people... 437 00:46:56,563 --> 00:46:57,564 Look. 438 00:46:58,649 --> 00:47:03,278 Judge Servini orders the detention of four torturers. 439 00:47:04,655 --> 00:47:06,240 It's really historic! 440 00:47:09,076 --> 00:47:11,787 An Argentine judge investigating Franco-era crimes 441 00:47:11,912 --> 00:47:16,875 has ordered Spain and Interpol to detain four members of the security forces 442 00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:20,796 to interrogate them about alleged crimes of torture. 443 00:47:20,879 --> 00:47:21,880 Who did they indict? 444 00:47:21,964 --> 00:47:22,839 "Billy"? 445 00:47:22,965 --> 00:47:24,216 Great! 446 00:47:24,675 --> 00:47:26,718 Oh, my God! Yes! 447 00:47:26,802 --> 00:47:28,762 Now is when the fight begins. 448 00:47:31,098 --> 00:47:35,686 We've made a quantum leap, haven't we? 449 00:47:36,019 --> 00:47:38,313 Come on, let's toast! 450 00:47:46,280 --> 00:47:47,322 Where are we? 451 00:47:47,447 --> 00:47:49,324 In The New York Times. 452 00:47:49,408 --> 00:47:50,742 Let me see! 453 00:47:51,827 --> 00:47:55,289 Try to move this way, so we can see the door better. 454 00:48:42,002 --> 00:48:45,047 My name is Ascensión Mendieta Ibarra, 455 00:48:45,505 --> 00:48:50,427 and I am in the lawsuit to see if we can get my father out. 456 00:48:51,928 --> 00:48:54,473 I had lost hope. 457 00:48:56,767 --> 00:48:58,602 But I have the dream... 458 00:48:59,102 --> 00:49:01,229 That now I'll be able to see him. 459 00:49:25,671 --> 00:49:28,340 It's a pleasure to have you here with me. 460 00:49:28,423 --> 00:49:32,344 If anyone wants to say something, I'll listen. 461 00:49:32,427 --> 00:49:33,762 My name is Paqui Maqueda. 462 00:49:33,845 --> 00:49:36,848 I bring you today the names of 22,000 men and women 463 00:49:36,973 --> 00:49:39,434 still disappeared in the Andalusian region. 464 00:49:39,518 --> 00:49:41,770 I also bring you our immense gratitude 465 00:49:42,396 --> 00:49:44,523 and our hope. 466 00:49:45,399 --> 00:49:51,446 My father died on November 16th, 1939. 467 00:49:51,571 --> 00:49:56,702 He died and left seven small children. 468 00:49:56,827 --> 00:50:00,497 We want to see if justice could be served 469 00:50:00,580 --> 00:50:03,583 so we can get him out of a mass grave. 470 00:50:03,667 --> 00:50:10,173 You must understand that investigating crimes in other countries is difficult. 471 00:50:10,257 --> 00:50:15,137 If I don't do more, it's because we face a number of obstacles. 472 00:50:15,220 --> 00:50:19,766 This is the most important case in my court. 473 00:50:20,058 --> 00:50:22,018 I'll do what I have to do. 474 00:50:25,021 --> 00:50:27,733 -A rainbow. -A rainbow. 475 00:50:29,025 --> 00:50:32,195 This journey is full of signs, I'm convinced. 476 00:50:32,279 --> 00:50:34,281 Look, such a beautiful rainbow... 477 00:50:53,216 --> 00:50:57,804 Starting in the 1980s, as dictatorships fell across Latin America, 478 00:50:58,930 --> 00:51:03,101 many countries used Spain's Pact of Forgetting as a model. 479 00:51:05,937 --> 00:51:11,276 But over time, citizens called for truth and justice, 480 00:51:11,359 --> 00:51:16,490 and one by one, these countries overturned their amnesty laws. 481 00:51:25,040 --> 00:51:30,003 Former rulers, police and judges have been put on trial. 482 00:51:34,049 --> 00:51:35,926 Today, all over the world, 483 00:51:36,009 --> 00:51:41,598 truth commissions and special tribunals work to uncover the past. 484 00:51:49,731 --> 00:51:54,152 Old prisons and death camps have become museums 485 00:51:54,236 --> 00:51:57,531 where people are urged to remember. 486 00:52:06,039 --> 00:52:08,166 All the decisions about what happened here, 487 00:52:08,250 --> 00:52:10,252 who to kidnap, 488 00:52:10,335 --> 00:52:11,962 how the operations... 489 00:52:12,045 --> 00:52:16,800 Seeing a school group here brings tears to our eyes. 490 00:52:16,883 --> 00:52:21,471 When will we see students in the General Security Headquarters saying, 491 00:52:21,555 --> 00:52:24,266 "Look, Chato was tortured here"? 492 00:52:55,046 --> 00:52:57,549 The extradition process continues 493 00:52:57,632 --> 00:53:00,302 for Antonio González Pacheco, alias "Billy the Kid" 494 00:53:00,385 --> 00:53:02,846 and former Civil Guard Jesús Muñecas Aguilar. 495 00:53:07,893 --> 00:53:11,313 Extradite the torturers! 496 00:53:15,025 --> 00:53:17,319 It's the first time the voice of the victims 497 00:53:17,402 --> 00:53:19,738 will be heard before a court, 498 00:53:19,863 --> 00:53:24,117 and it will be 10,000 km away from our country. 499 00:53:29,539 --> 00:53:31,041 Come on, go for it! 500 00:53:35,545 --> 00:53:38,006 Ma'am, come in. Have a seat, please. 501 00:53:40,216 --> 00:53:41,343 May I... 502 00:53:59,945 --> 00:54:04,366 ...my family was exiled, like over half a million Spaniards... 503 00:54:05,325 --> 00:54:09,037 ...my grandfather was assigned to Camposancos concentration camp... 504 00:54:11,289 --> 00:54:16,461 ...I was in many of Franco's prisons until 1977... 505 00:54:17,754 --> 00:54:21,508 ...my father was disappeared. They threw him into a well... 506 00:54:23,051 --> 00:54:25,804 ...the theft of my twin brother, Francisco... 507 00:54:27,180 --> 00:54:30,350 ...our family house was confiscated... 508 00:54:31,935 --> 00:54:35,146 ...we were victims of the prevention centers... 509 00:54:36,022 --> 00:54:38,942 ...the killing of workers in Vitoria... 510 00:54:42,445 --> 00:54:44,572 ...the sentences against us were never annulled. 511 00:54:44,656 --> 00:54:47,200 We're still considered criminals... 512 00:54:47,617 --> 00:54:51,955 ...to be able to give my mother a tiny margin of justice... 513 00:54:53,373 --> 00:54:55,917 ...so that it isn't repeated. 514 00:55:07,262 --> 00:55:08,930 What a show! 515 00:55:13,810 --> 00:55:17,230 Murderers! 516 00:55:21,860 --> 00:55:24,821 Have you accepted the extradition? 517 00:55:26,239 --> 00:55:29,242 "I keep your passports," said Judge Pablo Ruz, 518 00:55:29,325 --> 00:55:32,495 who ordered them to appear weekly in court 519 00:55:32,579 --> 00:55:35,373 and barred them from leaving the country... 520 00:55:35,457 --> 00:55:39,711 The next step in this process will be the extradition hearing itself. 521 00:55:50,221 --> 00:55:51,723 How are you? 522 00:55:51,806 --> 00:55:53,641 Very well... 523 00:55:57,812 --> 00:55:59,022 It's okay... 524 00:56:03,234 --> 00:56:07,489 Today, for the first time in 77 years, 525 00:56:07,572 --> 00:56:10,116 two of Franco's torturers 526 00:56:10,200 --> 00:56:15,872 had to respond to a judge's questions 527 00:56:15,955 --> 00:56:18,458 about the crimes they committed. 528 00:56:18,583 --> 00:56:20,585 It's a first step. 529 00:56:22,212 --> 00:56:26,716 In no time, we'll see the first criminal in jail. 530 00:56:43,566 --> 00:56:46,736 Don't worry, we'll get those bones. 531 00:57:00,250 --> 00:57:02,377 Do you want a coffee? 532 00:57:02,502 --> 00:57:03,503 Yes. 533 00:57:06,339 --> 00:57:08,133 Poor thing, she always says, 534 00:57:08,258 --> 00:57:11,886 "When they shot him... did he really die? 535 00:57:12,470 --> 00:57:18,059 How did he fall? On his side? Face down?" 536 00:57:28,445 --> 00:57:32,449 I remember well, she spent years and years 537 00:57:32,574 --> 00:57:35,785 yearning for her father, poor woman. 538 00:57:43,626 --> 00:57:44,502 What happened? 539 00:57:45,462 --> 00:57:46,379 I don't know... 540 00:57:47,922 --> 00:57:48,840 Hi, there. 541 00:57:54,554 --> 00:57:56,890 I'm here to give you some news. 542 00:57:57,015 --> 00:57:58,099 How are you? 543 00:57:59,684 --> 00:58:03,480 Judge María Servini has ordered Spain to exhume your father. 544 00:58:03,605 --> 00:58:05,398 -To get him out? -Yes. 545 00:58:05,482 --> 00:58:07,901 Dear God, what joy! 546 00:58:07,984 --> 00:58:12,238 Now if I die, I will take my father's bones with me. 547 00:58:13,531 --> 00:58:14,949 I'm so happy for you... 548 00:58:17,076 --> 00:58:18,661 So they'll get him out? 549 00:58:18,745 --> 00:58:22,165 She's ordered the Spanish judiciary to do what they have to do. 550 00:58:22,248 --> 00:58:24,626 -Thank you so much, son. -You're welcome. 551 00:58:25,251 --> 00:58:26,586 So much time... 552 00:58:29,088 --> 00:58:34,010 My sister died wanting to get him out, but we never could. 553 00:58:34,135 --> 00:58:36,429 Your trip really made a difference. 554 00:58:36,554 --> 00:58:38,014 Oh, my goodness... 555 00:58:39,015 --> 00:58:40,767 Oh, God, I'm so happy. 556 00:58:40,850 --> 00:58:43,603 Now I can die happily. 557 00:58:43,686 --> 00:58:47,023 Because now I know I'll see him, 558 00:58:47,106 --> 00:58:50,193 even in a bone, or an ash, or whatever it is. 559 00:59:02,872 --> 00:59:05,208 In this section of the cemetery, 560 00:59:05,291 --> 00:59:08,461 each tombstone covers a mass grave. 561 00:59:09,420 --> 00:59:12,465 More than 200 people are thought to lie here, 562 00:59:12,590 --> 00:59:15,093 including Ascensión's father. 563 00:59:16,010 --> 00:59:21,975 DIED DEFENDING DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM 564 00:59:23,309 --> 00:59:27,480 The bullet holes can still be seen on the wall. 565 00:59:32,735 --> 00:59:36,990 For 40 years, this part of the cemetery was closed off. 566 00:59:37,532 --> 00:59:40,577 Family members would throw flowers over the wall 567 00:59:40,702 --> 00:59:42,453 and cry against it. 568 00:59:46,249 --> 00:59:49,627 Right at the entrance of the same cemetery, 569 00:59:49,711 --> 00:59:52,755 a monument honors the many Franco supporters 570 00:59:52,839 --> 00:59:55,091 who were killed during the war. 571 01:00:02,056 --> 01:00:05,852 Franco is buried in the biggest monument of all. 572 01:00:08,646 --> 01:00:10,940 The Valley of the Fallen. 573 01:00:16,654 --> 01:00:19,449 Spain is full of mass graves. 574 01:00:20,199 --> 01:00:21,993 By the side of roads. 575 01:00:24,037 --> 01:00:25,455 In cemeteries. 576 01:00:27,498 --> 01:00:29,959 In the middle of fields. 577 01:00:32,670 --> 01:00:37,216 In the year 2000, historic memory organizations started to form, 578 01:00:37,300 --> 01:00:40,595 funded by the victims themselves. 579 01:00:42,263 --> 01:00:43,598 Since then, 580 01:00:43,681 --> 01:00:46,100 without a single judicial order, 581 01:00:46,184 --> 01:00:51,022 8,000 men and women have been exhumed. 582 01:00:55,193 --> 01:00:58,988 But over 100,000 are still waiting. 583 01:01:17,090 --> 01:01:19,425 We are here for the DNA. 584 01:01:19,550 --> 01:01:20,802 For the DM. 585 01:01:20,927 --> 01:01:22,845 -D-N-A. -DMA. 586 01:01:22,929 --> 01:01:25,014 -N, N. -M, N. 587 01:01:26,766 --> 01:01:27,767 The DNA. 588 01:01:29,060 --> 01:01:30,895 -The DNA. -DNA. 589 01:01:31,020 --> 01:01:32,897 Yes, and why are they taking yours? 590 01:01:33,189 --> 01:01:34,774 To see if I'm my father's daughter. 591 01:01:34,899 --> 01:01:36,109 That's right. 592 01:01:36,234 --> 01:01:39,487 That your father is your father, and you're his daughter. 593 01:01:39,612 --> 01:01:43,324 Because there are a lot of other people buried with him. 594 01:01:44,575 --> 01:01:45,910 Full name? 595 01:01:46,035 --> 01:01:49,288 Iluminada Ascensión Mendieta Ibarra. 596 01:01:53,876 --> 01:01:55,002 Please open your mouth. 597 01:01:55,086 --> 01:01:55,920 My mouth? 598 01:01:56,045 --> 01:01:58,089 I'll scrape the inside of your cheek. 599 01:01:58,214 --> 01:02:01,175 -Should I take out my dentures? -No, it's not necessary. 600 01:02:11,102 --> 01:02:12,019 That's it. 601 01:02:12,145 --> 01:02:13,229 Wow. Thank you. 602 01:02:26,951 --> 01:02:28,870 -Your delivery was normal, right? -Normal. 603 01:02:28,953 --> 01:02:30,121 A perfect birth. 604 01:02:31,164 --> 01:02:32,832 The doctor comes in, 605 01:02:33,791 --> 01:02:37,378 takes my baby, turns his back on me and walks out. 606 01:02:37,462 --> 01:02:39,422 They don't explain anything. 607 01:02:39,505 --> 01:02:42,133 They don't put a wristband on me or my baby. 608 01:02:42,216 --> 01:02:43,801 -They took the baby. -They took my baby. 609 01:02:43,885 --> 01:02:47,430 -And did you see him again? -No. Never again. 610 01:02:47,930 --> 01:02:51,309 He says... "Your baby is dead." 611 01:02:52,059 --> 01:02:54,145 -Did they give you a medical report? -No, there's nothing. 612 01:02:54,228 --> 01:02:56,314 My case is very similar to yours. 613 01:02:56,439 --> 01:02:58,524 The modus operandi... 614 01:02:58,608 --> 01:03:00,610 They're like photocopies... 615 01:03:00,693 --> 01:03:06,032 God, how can we live with this truth hidden in our hearts? 616 01:03:06,532 --> 01:03:09,786 Our cases are being closed. They're being shelved. 617 01:03:09,911 --> 01:03:13,372 I'd like to be able to stand in front of a judge... 618 01:03:13,456 --> 01:03:14,540 Yes, you can. 619 01:03:14,624 --> 01:03:17,460 I did, outside Spain, through the Argentine lawsuit. 620 01:03:17,543 --> 01:03:20,129 We have lawyers who work for free. 621 01:03:20,755 --> 01:03:24,383 The lawsuit may or may not succeed. 622 01:03:24,884 --> 01:03:27,136 But at least I have a door open. 623 01:03:30,890 --> 01:03:34,310 ...his brother was killed by the fascists an obvious case of forced disappearance 624 01:03:38,272 --> 01:03:40,233 In the lawsuit, we've gathered 625 01:03:40,358 --> 01:03:45,154 the names of doctors, midwives and nuns who abducted children. 626 01:03:46,113 --> 01:03:49,784 Names of companies that profited from slave labor. 627 01:03:51,661 --> 01:03:55,832 We can't wait any longer to present indictments, 628 01:03:55,957 --> 01:03:57,250 powerful ones. 629 01:03:58,584 --> 01:04:03,339 We have names of ministers... like Martín Villa, 630 01:04:03,464 --> 01:04:05,800 who was a cabinet minister during the dictatorship 631 01:04:05,883 --> 01:04:10,471 and then Deputy Prime Minister in the democracy. 632 01:04:15,184 --> 01:04:18,020 The Argentine judge has come to Spain. 633 01:04:27,446 --> 01:04:32,243 She petitioned the Spanish government, who sent it to local courts in Spain 634 01:04:32,368 --> 01:04:34,453 where she took testimony. 635 01:04:37,123 --> 01:04:39,709 This measure was unprecedented. 636 01:04:39,792 --> 01:04:41,460 Let me give you a kiss. 637 01:04:41,544 --> 01:04:45,882 And my gratitude... for everything you're doing. 638 01:04:46,716 --> 01:04:50,553 I've listened to 167 testimonies. 639 01:04:50,636 --> 01:04:53,598 And we are moved by this. 640 01:04:53,681 --> 01:04:56,767 The emotion touches us, but... 641 01:04:57,393 --> 01:05:00,980 we must stay cool and objective. 642 01:05:07,111 --> 01:05:12,533 The darkest chapter in our history is being examined by the UN. 643 01:05:12,617 --> 01:05:16,871 This includes recommendations 644 01:05:16,954 --> 01:05:21,334 to annul the effects of the 1977 Amnesty Law. 645 01:05:22,335 --> 01:05:26,797 Because the victims, rightly, do not forget. 646 01:05:49,445 --> 01:05:52,782 EXTRADITE THE TORTURERS 647 01:05:54,116 --> 01:05:57,453 Tomorrow, "Billy the Kid" will have to appear in National Court 648 01:05:57,536 --> 01:05:59,205 for his extradition hearing. 649 01:05:59,622 --> 01:06:06,587 He has been summoned for crimes of torture of 13 people from 1968 to '75. 650 01:06:21,227 --> 01:06:23,437 ...the dictator... 651 01:06:23,729 --> 01:06:25,940 ...not a single one... 652 01:06:26,023 --> 01:06:28,651 ...justice... 653 01:06:38,202 --> 01:06:42,415 I've never told Justa any of this. 654 01:06:44,625 --> 01:06:48,295 It's almost... shameful. 655 01:07:00,933 --> 01:07:03,936 They took my wife there, she was three months pregnant, 656 01:07:04,020 --> 01:07:08,065 and to force her to say, "Do it for me and for the baby," 657 01:07:08,149 --> 01:07:10,151 they punched her in the belly. 658 01:07:10,985 --> 01:07:12,945 Thirteen hours straight. 659 01:07:13,571 --> 01:07:17,324 They ended up tearing off my skin in strips. 660 01:07:19,368 --> 01:07:24,123 As "Billy the Kid" and his henchmen told me, 661 01:07:24,707 --> 01:07:27,168 "Don't get your hopes up. 662 01:07:27,293 --> 01:07:29,295 Nothing will happen to us. 663 01:07:29,754 --> 01:07:33,841 What's more, we will be the police of the future." 664 01:07:35,259 --> 01:07:37,887 I felt like a rag doll, 665 01:07:37,970 --> 01:07:42,058 tossed from left to right, forwards and backwards. 666 01:07:42,183 --> 01:07:47,646 The only thing that kept me standing were the blows my body received, 667 01:07:47,772 --> 01:07:52,818 as if they were competing in how to beat me so I wouldn't fall. 668 01:07:52,943 --> 01:07:56,697 I was trembling so much, in such pain and panic, 669 01:07:56,781 --> 01:08:00,534 that I couldn't tell if my feet ever touched the ground. 670 01:08:01,494 --> 01:08:05,122 They handcuffed me behind my back. 671 01:08:05,206 --> 01:08:09,085 Holding my hair, they beat my head 672 01:08:09,168 --> 01:08:13,005 against the edge of a table. 673 01:08:13,380 --> 01:08:17,093 What scared me most was that I might "sing." 674 01:08:17,176 --> 01:08:21,514 The way to resist was to imagine a scene. 675 01:08:21,597 --> 01:08:27,144 There was the same table, the same killers beating me, 676 01:08:27,228 --> 01:08:32,441 but around us were my friends, my father... 677 01:08:34,610 --> 01:08:36,737 The people I loved most. 678 01:08:36,862 --> 01:08:39,281 And I couldn't let them down. 679 01:08:41,826 --> 01:08:45,788 That was the way to endure it. 680 01:08:45,871 --> 01:08:52,378 But they slowly faded when you realized you were naked, 681 01:08:52,503 --> 01:08:58,384 that they were beating your buttocks, the soles of your feet, 682 01:08:58,509 --> 01:09:00,469 your genitals. 683 01:09:00,594 --> 01:09:05,516 I remember I thought, "You'll never have sex again." 684 01:09:06,851 --> 01:09:11,063 I was 22... and had just had my first experience. 685 01:09:12,481 --> 01:09:16,527 I wasn't even a person, not even an animal. 686 01:09:16,652 --> 01:09:19,655 I was just a thing. 687 01:09:21,115 --> 01:09:25,119 Just there at 22, really scared and determined to endure, 688 01:09:25,244 --> 01:09:27,371 endure out of rage. 689 01:09:28,247 --> 01:09:29,957 I tell you in earnest... 690 01:09:30,541 --> 01:09:33,169 not even for my political convictions. 691 01:09:33,794 --> 01:09:35,838 But out of rage. 692 01:09:36,463 --> 01:09:39,175 Because I was a human being. 693 01:10:10,456 --> 01:10:16,212 For many years, we only wanted to erase from our heads 694 01:10:16,337 --> 01:10:19,465 all that time of bitterness... 695 01:10:20,591 --> 01:10:23,636 and repression. I don't know... 696 01:10:23,761 --> 01:10:26,764 Perhaps all of us... 697 01:10:28,015 --> 01:10:31,352 perhaps we have all collaborated in that silence. 698 01:10:31,477 --> 01:10:34,146 But that's something you realize later. 699 01:10:37,483 --> 01:10:41,195 People don't forget so easily. 700 01:10:42,947 --> 01:10:46,450 Even if they want to, it's not easy. 701 01:11:02,841 --> 01:11:06,136 Extradite the torturers! 702 01:11:20,734 --> 01:11:22,236 Antonio González Pacheco, 703 01:11:22,361 --> 01:11:28,325 do you consent to your image being recorded by the media? 704 01:11:28,450 --> 01:11:30,035 I do not consent. 705 01:11:30,536 --> 01:11:35,207 The cameras will be allowed to record briefly from behind, 706 01:11:35,332 --> 01:11:40,004 and we'll allow audio recording. 707 01:11:40,921 --> 01:11:42,631 Do you know the acts you are indicted for? 708 01:11:42,715 --> 01:11:43,674 Yes. 709 01:11:44,550 --> 01:11:47,845 Do you consent to be turned in to be tried in Argentina? 710 01:11:47,928 --> 01:11:49,138 Absolutely not. 711 01:11:51,473 --> 01:11:53,559 With your permission, Your Honor. 712 01:11:53,642 --> 01:11:56,061 The Amnesty Law would eliminate 713 01:11:56,395 --> 01:11:59,732 any hypothetical responsibility that might arise. 714 01:12:01,483 --> 01:12:04,570 Therefore, we request the complete rejection 715 01:12:04,695 --> 01:12:08,407 of the extradition order for Mr. Antonio González Pacheco. 716 01:12:19,001 --> 01:12:21,545 Show your face, coward! 717 01:12:27,676 --> 01:12:29,094 Murderer! 718 01:12:29,970 --> 01:12:35,601 No Spanish TV channel has ever recorded his face... until now. 719 01:12:35,684 --> 01:12:40,689 It's Juan Antonio González Pacheco, also known as "Billy the Kid." 720 01:12:43,359 --> 01:12:46,028 Hello, Mr. Pacheco, I have a few questions for you. 721 01:12:46,111 --> 01:12:48,447 -Leave me alone. -Listen, please. 722 01:12:51,241 --> 01:12:54,328 Do you know the Argentine judiciary has requested your extradition? 723 01:12:54,661 --> 01:12:56,080 Leave me alone! 724 01:12:56,497 --> 01:12:59,208 Have you ever considered apologizing after 40 years? 725 01:12:59,333 --> 01:13:00,667 Leave me alone. 726 01:13:02,378 --> 01:13:06,090 One thing that makes me particularly angry 727 01:13:06,215 --> 01:13:12,054 is when people say, "No, you're just motivated by revenge." 728 01:13:13,305 --> 01:13:17,518 You can only think I'm looking for revenge 729 01:13:17,601 --> 01:13:23,774 if you think that looking for justice is looking for revenge. 730 01:13:34,451 --> 01:13:36,954 Forgiveness is an individual matter. 731 01:13:37,079 --> 01:13:40,666 A state cannot forgive crimes. 732 01:13:44,169 --> 01:13:47,339 Forgetting doesn't lead to forgiveness... 733 01:13:47,423 --> 01:13:49,800 It generates more hatred. 734 01:13:55,097 --> 01:13:58,725 No one has ever asked us for forgiveness. 735 01:13:59,351 --> 01:14:02,604 People don't ask, they demand that you forgive. 736 01:14:07,067 --> 01:14:08,861 You can't forgive. 737 01:14:09,445 --> 01:14:13,157 You can forget, but you can't forgive. 738 01:14:13,240 --> 01:14:14,992 Of course I forgive you. 739 01:14:15,117 --> 01:14:18,412 You, the physical person who did something horrible 740 01:14:18,495 --> 01:14:22,332 because you were serving a regime that tortured me. 741 01:14:24,251 --> 01:14:25,836 But I demand justice. 742 01:14:26,336 --> 01:14:30,757 Because I was condemned illegally and you went scot-free. 743 01:14:35,554 --> 01:14:37,973 The National Court won't extradite to Argentina 744 01:14:38,056 --> 01:14:41,852 the ex-policeman known as "Billy the Kid." 745 01:14:41,935 --> 01:14:45,063 The judges hold that the alleged crimes 746 01:14:45,147 --> 01:14:49,902 have passed the statute of limitations and are not crimes against humanity. 747 01:14:51,737 --> 01:14:54,656 Repeal the Amnesty Law! 748 01:14:54,740 --> 01:14:58,577 Universal justice from Latin America! 749 01:15:00,537 --> 01:15:05,751 Crimes against humanity never, ever have a statute of limitations. 750 01:15:06,710 --> 01:15:10,964 We, and hundreds of thousands of victims, 751 01:15:11,089 --> 01:15:14,218 have been denied the right to justice. 752 01:15:32,277 --> 01:15:33,445 Thank you. 753 01:15:36,073 --> 01:15:37,616 She couldn't... 754 01:15:38,534 --> 01:15:40,786 Life got the better of her. 755 01:16:50,314 --> 01:16:55,444 She left without achieving... everything she fought for. 756 01:16:56,612 --> 01:17:03,118 She wanted to be there with her mother's remains by her side. 757 01:17:48,330 --> 01:17:50,290 Big news, people. 758 01:17:50,374 --> 01:17:54,086 Judge Servini has ordered the detention, 759 01:17:54,169 --> 01:18:00,926 for the... investigating inquiry, of 20 people. 760 01:18:01,009 --> 01:18:04,680 One of them is Martín Villa, and also Utrera Molina. 761 01:18:07,099 --> 01:18:08,725 That's so great! 762 01:18:09,101 --> 01:18:10,560 Martín Villa! 763 01:18:10,936 --> 01:18:12,020 That's great! 764 01:18:12,104 --> 01:18:15,023 -We have to move it-- -That means all of them. 765 01:18:17,943 --> 01:18:20,904 Did you hear? I just received the judge's ruling. 766 01:18:21,029 --> 01:18:22,239 I'll send it over. 767 01:18:22,322 --> 01:18:27,244 I'm more and more convinced that justice will be served. 768 01:18:27,327 --> 01:18:33,750 We think that this clamor against impunity will grow... 769 01:18:39,423 --> 01:18:41,425 Judge Servini has ordered the detention 770 01:18:41,550 --> 01:18:44,594 of 20 cabinet ministers, one doctor accused of stealing babies, 771 01:18:44,720 --> 01:18:47,764 judges, lawyers and a former Deputy Prime Minister, Martín Villa. 772 01:18:49,099 --> 01:18:51,727 I want to testify before the judge. 773 01:18:51,810 --> 01:18:55,856 The best solution is for the judge to come to Spain 774 01:18:55,939 --> 01:18:58,900 to interrogate those she has indicted. 775 01:18:58,984 --> 01:19:03,363 The Spanish judiciary must allow me to take their statements. 776 01:19:03,905 --> 01:19:06,491 If they authorize me, I'll come. 777 01:19:07,576 --> 01:19:12,247 The doctor who treated me is now charged, thanks to the Argentine lawsuit. 778 01:19:13,165 --> 01:19:16,626 It's a step closer to knowing the truth. 779 01:19:17,961 --> 01:19:20,338 We're asking for justice and truth. 780 01:19:21,089 --> 01:19:23,675 It's all we have left. 781 01:19:40,400 --> 01:19:42,611 My goodness, you're famous! 782 01:19:45,489 --> 01:19:46,615 I'm so overwhelmed. 783 01:19:46,740 --> 01:19:49,659 -Oh, my goodness. -Hold on tight. 784 01:19:49,785 --> 01:19:51,453 I'm really overwhelmed. 785 01:19:56,291 --> 01:20:00,128 Do you wish that you hadn't needed to travel 10,000 km 786 01:20:00,253 --> 01:20:01,588 to make this happen? 787 01:20:01,713 --> 01:20:04,966 But I did, and I was 88. 788 01:20:06,968 --> 01:20:11,097 I would do it again if I had to. 789 01:20:12,474 --> 01:20:14,559 These are all mass graves. 790 01:20:15,185 --> 01:20:17,646 This is a mass grave, this is another mass grave... 791 01:20:17,729 --> 01:20:20,440 Separate mass graves, one next to the other. 792 01:20:21,441 --> 01:20:23,777 Is my whole team here? 793 01:20:25,028 --> 01:20:27,405 We'll make a perimeter, as always. 794 01:20:27,489 --> 01:20:30,867 Those who are working in the grave, you know who you are. 795 01:21:45,567 --> 01:21:46,985 Object one... 796 01:21:49,154 --> 01:21:50,614 Projectile. 797 01:21:53,158 --> 01:21:54,618 The first body 798 01:21:54,701 --> 01:21:58,288 shows clear evidence of having been murdered. 799 01:21:59,122 --> 01:22:02,042 From here on, it's going to be slow work. 800 01:22:02,459 --> 01:22:03,960 So, it'll take a few days... 801 01:22:04,044 --> 01:22:05,503 We'll need several days. 802 01:22:24,439 --> 01:22:27,817 Have you ever seen a grave this deep before? 803 01:22:28,944 --> 01:22:30,820 In a cemetery, never. 804 01:22:32,072 --> 01:22:36,576 They had clearly planned how many people they wanted to put inside. 805 01:22:39,663 --> 01:22:42,165 Opening a grave with 22 people 806 01:22:42,290 --> 01:22:46,252 means that many other families can recover those remains. 807 01:22:47,963 --> 01:22:51,257 We are Tomás Vicente Lorente's relatives, 808 01:22:51,591 --> 01:22:54,427 and we've come to claim him, of course. 809 01:22:55,136 --> 01:22:57,722 I have my father there, number 13. 810 01:22:57,806 --> 01:23:00,058 My uncle was 28, a kid. 811 01:23:00,725 --> 01:23:02,852 There, there's a 25-year-old shepherd. 812 01:23:02,936 --> 01:23:05,063 There's no explanation. 813 01:23:05,188 --> 01:23:08,733 Because if people fight each other in a war, 814 01:23:08,817 --> 01:23:09,818 that's just how it is. 815 01:23:09,943 --> 01:23:15,115 But to be executed later just because you think differently, it's outrageous. 816 01:25:17,028 --> 01:25:18,822 Honorable... 817 01:25:18,947 --> 01:25:24,661 ...of the Supreme... Court... 818 01:25:25,620 --> 01:25:26,871 in Madrid. 819 01:25:29,124 --> 01:25:31,126 It was hard for me to get involved. 820 01:25:31,251 --> 01:25:36,422 It's easier to get on with your life and not get into this mess. 821 01:25:37,215 --> 01:25:38,341 ARGENTINIAN LAWSUIT 822 01:25:38,591 --> 01:25:40,718 ...and with all the pain of my heart... 823 01:25:41,177 --> 01:25:45,431 ...regards from... 824 01:25:46,182 --> 01:25:49,018 ...from this woman... 825 01:25:50,436 --> 01:25:54,649 ...who is still waiting... 826 01:25:54,732 --> 01:25:57,735 ...for pigs... 827 01:26:00,822 --> 01:26:02,615 ...to fly. 828 01:26:04,909 --> 01:26:07,871 EMBASSY OF ARGENTINA IN SPAIN 829 01:26:10,748 --> 01:26:14,627 My mother never would have imagined that I... 830 01:26:14,752 --> 01:26:17,380 that I'd get so involved. 831 01:26:19,799 --> 01:26:22,594 She'd be very proud. 832 01:26:30,310 --> 01:26:35,315 I believe if the Spanish judges heard what I've heard, 833 01:26:35,398 --> 01:26:38,568 they would open more cases here. 834 01:26:39,152 --> 01:26:43,239 That's what happened in Chile, with Pinochet. 835 01:26:43,323 --> 01:26:46,743 They refused to investigate until it reached a certain point, 836 01:26:46,826 --> 01:26:50,371 that with all the evidence that had been gathered, 837 01:26:50,455 --> 01:26:52,165 they sentenced him. 838 01:26:52,916 --> 01:26:55,168 I believe that in the long run... 839 01:26:56,252 --> 01:27:00,131 you'll be successful in making them investigate here. 840 01:27:02,717 --> 01:27:06,554 Many universal jurisdiction cases never make it to trial, 841 01:27:06,679 --> 01:27:12,101 but they can spark changes within the country being investigated. 842 01:27:13,978 --> 01:27:16,022 Despite resistance, 843 01:27:16,147 --> 01:27:20,944 several regional governments have passed laws to acknowledge victims, 844 01:27:21,027 --> 01:27:25,740 exhume mass graves, and investigate the stolen children. 845 01:27:29,619 --> 01:27:34,624 Perhaps we are finally ready to remember. 846 01:27:41,381 --> 01:27:43,967 The debate about war, or violence during a dictatorship 847 01:27:44,092 --> 01:27:46,719 should never be confined to the private sphere. 848 01:27:46,803 --> 01:27:49,931 It must take place within democratic institutions. 849 01:27:50,056 --> 01:27:54,560 That's why today is a big day of democratic maturity. 850 01:27:55,645 --> 01:27:58,189 The streets we'll rename will be, 851 01:27:58,731 --> 01:28:02,527 "Hail Spain" Square, Franco's motto par excellence. 852 01:28:03,569 --> 01:28:05,822 Square of "The Leader." 853 01:28:06,322 --> 01:28:08,825 Avenue of the Arc of Victory. 854 01:28:09,951 --> 01:28:11,786 General Yagüe Street. 855 01:28:11,869 --> 01:28:14,163 That's mine, that's mine. 856 01:28:15,331 --> 01:28:19,335 Now we vote on the original text. 857 01:28:20,962 --> 01:28:22,505 Citizens Party? 858 01:28:22,630 --> 01:28:23,715 In favor. 859 01:28:24,632 --> 01:28:25,591 Okay. 860 01:28:27,010 --> 01:28:28,344 Socialist Party? 861 01:28:28,428 --> 01:28:29,679 In favor. 862 01:28:30,263 --> 01:28:31,681 Popular Party? 863 01:28:34,434 --> 01:28:35,685 Against. 864 01:28:36,102 --> 01:28:36,978 Against. 865 01:28:37,061 --> 01:28:38,646 Okay. Madrid Now Platform? 866 01:28:38,730 --> 01:28:39,689 In favor. 867 01:28:39,772 --> 01:28:43,443 The proposal is approved, thank you everyone. 868 01:29:26,402 --> 01:29:28,738 -Are you okay? -I'm okay. 869 01:29:28,821 --> 01:29:29,781 Slowly. 870 01:29:36,454 --> 01:29:37,747 Calmly. 871 01:29:49,967 --> 01:29:51,511 Let's go closer. 872 01:29:57,308 --> 01:29:59,852 -The time has come. -The time has come. 873 01:30:03,564 --> 01:30:04,982 Look, Mom. 874 01:30:06,943 --> 01:30:08,986 Where it says 19... 875 01:30:12,448 --> 01:30:15,368 Poor thing, my dear father. 876 01:30:16,327 --> 01:30:20,498 A whole life underground, dear father. 877 01:30:30,341 --> 01:30:33,177 Mom, you wanted to see him. You saw him now. 878 01:30:33,261 --> 01:30:34,137 It's okay. 879 01:30:34,262 --> 01:30:36,764 Yes, I wanted to. I'm okay. 880 01:30:42,645 --> 01:30:45,565 TIMOTEO MENDIETA ALCALÁ NOVEMBER 15 1939 881 01:30:49,527 --> 01:30:52,071 Lost peace 882 01:30:53,948 --> 01:30:56,075 Lost cause 883 01:30:58,452 --> 01:31:00,955 Lost dreams 884 01:31:03,082 --> 01:31:05,293 Lost homeland 885 01:31:07,420 --> 01:31:09,338 Lost to everyone 886 01:31:11,799 --> 01:31:14,218 Lost to Spain 887 01:31:16,053 --> 01:31:18,264 In no man's land 888 01:31:20,474 --> 01:31:22,935 In fields of rage 889 01:31:24,812 --> 01:31:27,190 Here they come 890 01:31:29,233 --> 01:31:31,360 Spain's children 891 01:31:33,821 --> 01:31:36,324 Where one song dies out 892 01:31:37,617 --> 01:31:40,328 Mine rises up