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I was six years old
when they came for my mother.
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00:01:11,029 --> 00:01:15,033
People from the town, Franco supporters.
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00:01:21,539 --> 00:01:25,794
They found her the next day
by the side of the road.
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00:01:27,754 --> 00:01:30,131
They couldn't take her to the cemetery.
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The townspeople wouldn't let them.
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This stays here.
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00:01:44,771 --> 00:01:46,523
The day after tomorrow,
the flowers will be gone.
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Yes.
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This is the gravesite.
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This is the mass grave.
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Look... there.
14
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In those brambles...
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They threw the clothes.
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00:02:18,972 --> 00:02:22,308
And left the women naked.
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00:02:33,486 --> 00:02:35,697
How unjust life is.
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00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:43,329
Not life.
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00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:47,709
We humans... we are unjust.
20
00:04:29,227 --> 00:04:34,983
We call it the Spanish Civil War,
but it began with a military coup.
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00:04:40,571 --> 00:04:43,616
That's Franco next to Hitler.
22
00:04:52,917 --> 00:04:58,506
Franco was the dictator in Spain
for almost 40 years.
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00:05:25,074 --> 00:05:26,743
Spaniards...
24
00:05:28,202 --> 00:05:29,454
Franco...
25
00:05:30,288 --> 00:05:31,581
has died.
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00:05:35,668 --> 00:05:40,882
Finally the murderers start rotting
27
00:05:40,965 --> 00:05:46,220
While our people are growing
28
00:05:46,304 --> 00:05:50,683
And the cry for amnesty grows and grows
29
00:05:52,018 --> 00:05:55,980
Soon we'll be walking along the Gran Vía
30
00:05:56,064 --> 00:05:58,441
Let them come, yes
31
00:05:58,524 --> 00:06:02,987
The left fought for an amnesty
to free political prisoners.
32
00:06:06,908 --> 00:06:10,411
And thought they had won.
33
00:06:19,629 --> 00:06:26,052
But the new law also granted amnesty
for all the crimes of the dictatorship.
34
00:06:26,552 --> 00:06:30,973
This came to be known as
"The Pact of Forgetting."
35
00:06:32,683 --> 00:06:35,561
It's simply a forgetting...
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00:06:36,437 --> 00:06:39,524
An amnesty for all, by all.
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00:06:39,941 --> 00:06:42,568
A forgetting for all, by all.
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00:06:44,237 --> 00:06:47,865
A law can establish a forgetting...
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00:06:51,077 --> 00:06:55,081
but that forgetting
shall come down to all of society.
40
00:06:55,665 --> 00:07:00,086
We must ensure that
this forgetting becomes widespread
41
00:07:00,586 --> 00:07:02,463
because it is the only way
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00:07:02,588 --> 00:07:06,134
we can shake each other's hands
without rancor.
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00:07:09,929 --> 00:07:14,892
Those of us raised after Franco
don't really know what happened.
44
00:07:16,936 --> 00:07:19,814
Schools never taught us about it.
45
00:07:22,233 --> 00:07:24,861
Our parents didn't tell us.
46
00:07:26,988 --> 00:07:32,243
And we can't tell our children
because we ourselves don't know.
47
00:07:49,677 --> 00:07:52,763
Come, I'm going to take you somewhere.
48
00:07:52,889 --> 00:07:55,933
To give you a little surprise.
49
00:07:57,351 --> 00:07:58,436
Okay?
50
00:08:13,284 --> 00:08:17,205
That's the entrance, and that's the house.
51
00:08:18,956 --> 00:08:21,876
Antonio González Pacheco lives here.
52
00:08:22,543 --> 00:08:24,837
Alias "Billy the Kid."
53
00:08:24,962 --> 00:08:29,634
This is the person who
tortured me on three occasions
54
00:08:29,759 --> 00:08:32,303
when I was just over 20.
55
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I have to live just meters away
56
00:08:41,062 --> 00:08:43,189
from the person who tortured me.
57
00:08:55,868 --> 00:08:57,453
That's him.
58
00:08:58,496 --> 00:09:00,623
"Billy the Kid."
59
00:09:01,123 --> 00:09:05,127
I think he enjoyed producing terror.
60
00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:13,261
We have a lot of information about him.
61
00:09:14,011 --> 00:09:17,515
For example, he ran
the 33rd Madrid Marathon...
62
00:09:18,516 --> 00:09:20,851
and the New York one, too.
63
00:09:22,645 --> 00:09:25,982
This character is untouchable.
64
00:09:28,442 --> 00:09:32,947
But I think we've found a way
to bring him to justice.
65
00:10:06,772 --> 00:10:09,942
-Good morning.
-Don't tell me we got here last.
66
00:10:10,067 --> 00:10:12,403
The barbarians from the north.
67
00:10:12,486 --> 00:10:14,030
Hey, how's it going?
68
00:10:14,864 --> 00:10:15,865
What's up?
69
00:10:19,869 --> 00:10:23,372
We have 148 torturers here.
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00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:26,876
This is the famous one... "Billy the Kid."
71
00:10:27,251 --> 00:10:32,423
We have selected seven
who later held important positions.
72
00:10:32,548 --> 00:10:36,927
The idea of indicting a cabinet member now
is too much, right?
73
00:10:37,053 --> 00:10:40,139
But this is the moment
to go after "Billy the Kid."
74
00:10:40,222 --> 00:10:45,353
That one is indisputable
and no one will come to his defense.
75
00:11:09,794 --> 00:11:12,505
A bit of gentle music, right?
76
00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:17,968
Albinoni, the "Adagio."
77
00:11:30,523 --> 00:11:32,691
When someone is murdered, it's clear.
78
00:11:32,817 --> 00:11:37,738
The courts must prosecute the criminal
and provide reparations to the victim.
79
00:11:37,863 --> 00:11:41,700
Yet when we talk about genocide
or crimes against humanity,
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00:11:41,784 --> 00:11:43,327
it's not so clear.
81
00:11:43,411 --> 00:11:46,372
Rather, people start
looking for arguments.
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00:11:46,455 --> 00:11:49,291
"It was a long time ago.
83
00:11:49,417 --> 00:11:53,546
It's better to forget,
we must turn the page," etc.
84
00:12:19,530 --> 00:12:26,370
How can you serve justice
for crimes committed by the state?
85
00:12:27,371 --> 00:12:31,125
By involving the courts of the world.
86
00:12:31,208 --> 00:12:33,586
That's the idea of universal jurisdiction.
87
00:12:33,711 --> 00:12:37,298
Crimes against humanity
can be prosecuted at any time,
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00:12:37,423 --> 00:12:39,717
by any court anywhere in the world.
89
00:12:41,469 --> 00:12:45,055
The great example
is what happened in Chile, with Pinochet.
90
00:12:57,943 --> 00:13:01,155
The former dictator remains under guard
91
00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:07,244
after an arrest warrant was issued
by a Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzón.
92
00:13:13,751 --> 00:13:16,128
I was a lawyer on that case.
93
00:13:16,712 --> 00:13:21,759
Even we couldn't believe
that Pinochet had been arrested.
94
00:13:26,013 --> 00:13:29,600
Justice! Justice has been served!
95
00:13:29,683 --> 00:13:32,645
It sends the world a clear message.
96
00:13:32,728 --> 00:13:34,772
These criminals cannot go unpunished.
97
00:13:34,855 --> 00:13:36,982
Their crimes have
no statute of limitations.
98
00:13:37,066 --> 00:13:38,442
There are no borders to their prosecution.
99
00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:09,056
The prosecution of Judge Garzón
is used to state
100
00:14:09,139 --> 00:14:13,602
that crimes committed under Franco
cannot be investigated at all.
101
00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:20,860
And so we decided
to file a lawsuit in Argentina.
102
00:14:39,837 --> 00:14:42,756
We have no doubt it will grow.
103
00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:46,051
Since it was announced publicly
four days ago,
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00:14:46,176 --> 00:14:50,848
we've received numerous calls and emails
105
00:14:50,931 --> 00:14:55,311
from relatives of victims
of the Franco regime.
106
00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:02,693
We will find you wherever you may go!
107
00:15:11,368 --> 00:15:13,329
Are you ready to give your testimony?
108
00:15:13,454 --> 00:15:14,496
Yes...
109
00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:20,878
If you could testify before a judge,
what would you say?
110
00:15:22,087 --> 00:15:23,631
I'm a plaintiff
111
00:15:23,756 --> 00:15:27,676
because I'm reclaiming
my right to justice.
112
00:15:28,510 --> 00:15:31,513
I'm in the lawsuit for my father's death.
113
00:15:32,097 --> 00:15:36,435
My father is buried in Baeza
with everyone executed there,
114
00:15:36,560 --> 00:15:39,021
nine hundred or so.
115
00:15:39,104 --> 00:15:40,606
We're in the lawsuit
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00:15:40,689 --> 00:15:44,443
for the execution by garotte
of my brother Salvador, who was 25.
117
00:15:44,526 --> 00:15:47,821
My father was one of the slaves
of the Franco regime.
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00:15:47,905 --> 00:15:51,533
I have relatives who have spent
almost 20 years in prison.
119
00:15:51,617 --> 00:15:55,204
The Fascists took him out
to a road 30 kilometers away
120
00:15:55,287 --> 00:15:57,289
and executed him.
121
00:15:57,665 --> 00:15:58,791
My grandfather...
122
00:16:00,459 --> 00:16:02,795
was beaten to death...
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00:16:03,712 --> 00:16:07,216
because he wouldn't say
where his sons were.
124
00:16:07,716 --> 00:16:12,638
The thing is,
all this has been covered up until now.
125
00:16:22,523 --> 00:16:23,732
And then,
126
00:16:24,108 --> 00:16:25,651
a path emerges.
127
00:16:26,276 --> 00:16:27,820
A little door.
128
00:16:28,737 --> 00:16:33,075
Hey, we can resort
to universal jurisdiction.
129
00:16:56,181 --> 00:16:59,268
Spain's Amnesty Law has prevented
130
00:16:59,351 --> 00:17:03,939
Spanish judges from investigating.
131
00:17:05,399 --> 00:17:09,611
But crimes against humanity
have no statute of limitations.
132
00:17:09,695 --> 00:17:15,117
No amnesty can cover them up
or prevent their investigation.
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00:17:22,958 --> 00:17:27,671
You don't understand what it's like
to talk to someone who's 80 and tells you,
134
00:17:27,796 --> 00:17:30,758
"I need to talk to the judge
because I may die."
135
00:17:31,717 --> 00:17:37,890
There are many people asking
to testify by videoconference.
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00:17:38,015 --> 00:17:42,603
We believe we have satisfied
all procedural requirements
137
00:17:42,728 --> 00:17:46,065
to move forward with these measures.
138
00:17:46,148 --> 00:17:48,108
There's a lot to read.
139
00:17:48,567 --> 00:17:51,862
And what we need are witnesses, right?
140
00:17:53,864 --> 00:17:55,783
We need witnesses.
141
00:18:17,304 --> 00:18:20,182
In this case,
there are several protagonists.
142
00:18:20,265 --> 00:18:22,643
Time is one of them.
143
00:18:23,811 --> 00:18:26,105
LONG LIVE FRANCO
144
00:18:29,233 --> 00:18:30,651
Those who don't want this to go to trial
145
00:18:30,734 --> 00:18:36,281
are relying on time
to take the victims away.
146
00:18:37,241 --> 00:18:39,910
GENERALISSIMO FRANCO SQUARE
147
00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:52,047
-Hello.
-Hello.
148
00:18:52,172 --> 00:18:53,799
How are you?
149
00:18:53,924 --> 00:18:55,592
Hello, honey.
150
00:18:55,676 --> 00:18:57,302
Very good, and you?
151
00:18:57,427 --> 00:18:58,595
Thank you very much.
152
00:19:10,607 --> 00:19:12,860
When they came for my mother,
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00:19:12,985 --> 00:19:18,240
they put her in the school,
which was the jail for women.
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00:19:19,491 --> 00:19:20,659
There...
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00:19:21,410 --> 00:19:23,912
they shaved their heads.
156
00:19:27,624 --> 00:19:29,960
She hadn't done anything.
157
00:19:30,752 --> 00:19:34,631
They were harvesters.
They said she was a "red."
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00:19:37,009 --> 00:19:42,639
They walked her through the village
with fifes and drums
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00:19:42,764 --> 00:19:45,684
so everyone would come out to see.
160
00:19:47,352 --> 00:19:52,149
The village kids all followed behind...
161
00:19:52,691 --> 00:19:55,652
but they didn't let me get near her.
162
00:20:10,167 --> 00:20:17,090
That night they killed 27 men
and three women.
163
00:20:17,382 --> 00:20:23,639
Lucía, María, and my mother,
Faustina López González.
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00:20:25,307 --> 00:20:27,059
My father told me,
165
00:20:27,184 --> 00:20:32,314
"Try to retrieve the remains one day
and bring them to me."
166
00:20:33,315 --> 00:20:36,068
But I've always been alone.
167
00:20:36,610 --> 00:20:41,490
My own children fight among themselves.
168
00:20:42,199 --> 00:20:44,743
Some want to, some don't.
169
00:20:46,245 --> 00:20:47,913
I'm not asking for revenge.
170
00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:50,707
-I ask for the remains...
-The right to bury her.
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00:20:50,791 --> 00:20:52,292
...her remains.
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00:20:52,417 --> 00:20:54,336
To bury her with her husband.
173
00:20:54,836 --> 00:20:57,297
Nothing more. That's all I ask for.
174
00:20:57,798 --> 00:21:00,717
We are now presenting our case
in Argentina.
175
00:21:00,801 --> 00:21:03,428
You'll be part of that case.
176
00:21:03,512 --> 00:21:07,933
How am I going to go to Argentina...
in my condition?
177
00:21:08,016 --> 00:21:10,852
No, you don't have to go.
178
00:21:11,311 --> 00:21:13,855
What's important is that they say,
179
00:21:13,939 --> 00:21:18,277
"In Spain, at that time,
there were crimes against humanity."
180
00:21:18,610 --> 00:21:22,864
And when that is said,
the country will have the obligation
181
00:21:22,948 --> 00:21:26,159
to give you the remains.
182
00:21:26,243 --> 00:21:29,246
When I would have died...
183
00:21:45,095 --> 00:21:46,847
Not far from María's
184
00:21:46,930 --> 00:21:50,684
stands one of the few monuments
to Franco's victims.
185
00:21:54,396 --> 00:21:57,149
A few hours after its unveiling,
186
00:21:57,274 --> 00:21:59,568
after decades of democracy,
187
00:21:59,985 --> 00:22:02,529
someone shot the statues.
188
00:22:06,867 --> 00:22:12,331
The sculptor deemed that the bullet holes
had completed his work.
189
00:22:21,673 --> 00:22:24,926
The spirit of harmony,
born in the Spanish transition...
190
00:22:27,596 --> 00:22:31,892
...is not made by stirring up tombs and
bones or butting heads with each other.
191
00:22:31,975 --> 00:22:36,396
It's made by working hard every day
for the future of the country.
192
00:22:39,191 --> 00:22:41,693
Does it make sense that in 2016,
193
00:22:41,777 --> 00:22:45,614
thousands of Spaniards still don't know
where their grandparents are buried?
194
00:22:48,992 --> 00:22:51,036
I'm not sure what you're saying is true,
195
00:22:51,161 --> 00:22:54,122
or that the government
can do anything to fix it.
196
00:22:54,247 --> 00:22:56,166
Well, it is true, Mr. Rajoy.
197
00:22:56,291 --> 00:22:58,752
Sure, of course, many people don't know.
198
00:22:58,877 --> 00:23:03,757
But it makes more sense to avoid
repeating those things in the future
199
00:23:03,882 --> 00:23:08,011
than to mull continually over the past.
200
00:23:11,890 --> 00:23:12,891
Good evening.
201
00:23:16,478 --> 00:23:20,816
These are times to strengthen
a Spain of open arms,
202
00:23:20,941 --> 00:23:26,279
where no one stirs up old grudges
or opens closed wounds.
203
00:23:29,116 --> 00:23:30,951
Do you know what
the Pact of Forgetting is?
204
00:23:31,034 --> 00:23:32,035
No.
205
00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:33,662
Do you know what the Amnesty Law is?
206
00:23:33,745 --> 00:23:34,621
No.
207
00:23:35,747 --> 00:23:37,874
We don't study those things.
208
00:23:37,958 --> 00:23:39,709
The Amnesty Law...
209
00:23:41,128 --> 00:23:43,380
It rings a bell, but...
210
00:23:43,505 --> 00:23:44,422
No.
211
00:23:45,048 --> 00:23:49,177
We must forget the whole past
because it was 40 years ago.
212
00:23:49,302 --> 00:23:52,681
Because some lost relatives in the war
on the Republican side,
213
00:23:52,806 --> 00:23:55,809
and others lost people on Franco's side.
214
00:23:55,934 --> 00:23:59,521
Forget everything and... move on.
215
00:23:59,646 --> 00:24:01,898
We won't get anywhere with that.
216
00:24:51,406 --> 00:24:56,119
This... is the toilet.
It used to be there.
217
00:24:56,578 --> 00:25:03,376
This has to do with my obsession
with putting things in their place.
218
00:25:07,631 --> 00:25:13,094
When I was here, I must have been... 24.
219
00:25:15,639 --> 00:25:20,810
I was charged with illicit association
and illegal propaganda.
220
00:25:44,042 --> 00:25:50,090
The story of my opposition to
the Franco dictatorship begins in 1968...
221
00:25:53,718 --> 00:25:57,973
with the founding
of a democratic student union.
222
00:26:04,646 --> 00:26:08,900
There is no freedom of the press,
no right of assembly.
223
00:26:17,617 --> 00:26:22,414
A member of this union,
Enrique Ruano, is murdered by the police.
224
00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:26,793
They put two bullets in his head
225
00:26:26,876 --> 00:26:30,505
and throw him out of a window,
calling it a suicide.
226
00:26:32,007 --> 00:26:34,467
This makes a deep impression.
227
00:26:34,592 --> 00:26:38,888
That's when I decided I had no choice
but to devote my life
228
00:26:39,014 --> 00:26:41,766
to ending that dictatorship.
229
00:26:46,646 --> 00:26:51,359
For my whole generation,
the dictatorship meant...
230
00:26:51,443 --> 00:26:54,988
depriving us of freedom...
231
00:26:56,614 --> 00:26:58,783
...of rights, of everything.
232
00:27:03,621 --> 00:27:07,167
We thought there was another way to live,
233
00:27:07,250 --> 00:27:11,629
more fulfilling,
where we could be happier.
234
00:27:16,676 --> 00:27:20,889
I was ready to leave
when the police knocked.
235
00:27:21,806 --> 00:27:24,976
"Billy the Kid" stuffed
a cloth in my mouth.
236
00:27:26,061 --> 00:27:29,064
And from then on, the blows...
237
00:27:33,276 --> 00:27:35,737
We arrived at the
General Security Headquarters,
238
00:27:35,862 --> 00:27:38,073
what we called the "DGS."
239
00:27:41,576 --> 00:27:43,703
Nobody knew you were there.
240
00:27:44,662 --> 00:27:46,331
You disappeared.
241
00:28:10,939 --> 00:28:12,565
In that building...
242
00:28:12,649 --> 00:28:14,442
People were tortured!
243
00:28:14,567 --> 00:28:16,194
In that building...
244
00:28:16,277 --> 00:28:17,862
People were assassinated!
245
00:28:26,329 --> 00:28:29,958
Forty days of torture...
246
00:28:30,041 --> 00:28:33,795
Something breaks inside you,
and will never be the same.
247
00:28:36,172 --> 00:28:39,509
Thousands of people
had their entire lives broken.
248
00:28:41,469 --> 00:28:44,347
Who they were, and what they could become.
249
00:28:46,182 --> 00:28:49,185
We have lost everything.
250
00:28:49,269 --> 00:28:53,440
And we will have to fight again
to recover what we lost,
251
00:28:53,565 --> 00:28:55,024
and much more.
252
00:28:55,775 --> 00:28:59,112
And I, even if it's the last thing I do,
253
00:28:59,612 --> 00:29:03,074
I'll be there speaking out against this.
254
00:29:30,894 --> 00:29:32,896
This is a historic moment
255
00:29:32,979 --> 00:29:37,734
because the plaintiffs are going
to testify before the judge
256
00:29:37,817 --> 00:29:42,989
that is, in a court of law,
for the first time.
257
00:29:43,531 --> 00:29:49,078
I don't think we've ever
taken such an important step, ever.
258
00:29:49,162 --> 00:29:50,705
Good luck, honey...
259
00:29:53,750 --> 00:29:55,293
-Ready?
-Yes.
260
00:29:58,463 --> 00:29:59,589
Hold on.
261
00:30:12,435 --> 00:30:15,104
-There's an hour delay.
-Oh, no!
262
00:30:15,188 --> 00:30:18,817
We're so on edge that
every little thing makes us...
263
00:30:18,942 --> 00:30:20,902
Makes us think...
264
00:30:23,279 --> 00:30:24,781
Yes, tell me...
265
00:30:28,201 --> 00:30:29,077
Yes...
266
00:30:30,912 --> 00:30:32,288
Goodbye.
267
00:30:32,413 --> 00:30:34,415
It seems that the ambassador
268
00:30:34,541 --> 00:30:36,960
-called the judge...
-You're kidding.
269
00:30:37,085 --> 00:30:40,129
...saying that
if videoconferences take place,
270
00:30:40,255 --> 00:30:43,675
it would mean breaking
relations with Spain.
271
00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:47,595
So the videoconferences
have been canceled.
272
00:31:04,112 --> 00:31:05,864
What you should write is,
273
00:31:06,698 --> 00:31:12,161
"Videoconferences canceled due
to pressure from the Spanish government."
274
00:31:13,496 --> 00:31:15,790
It's an attempt to paralyze this lawsuit
275
00:31:15,915 --> 00:31:19,127
that the government feels
is growing by the minute
276
00:31:19,252 --> 00:31:21,212
and is becoming more unstoppable...
277
00:31:23,506 --> 00:31:26,217
There are very powerful interests
278
00:31:26,342 --> 00:31:30,221
that want to prevent
all this from being investigated.
279
00:31:55,663 --> 00:31:59,667
Onwards, squadrons, to victory
280
00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:03,922
That a new day dawns in Spain!
281
00:32:04,047 --> 00:32:05,757
Hail Spain!
282
00:32:05,965 --> 00:32:10,303
Hail Spain! Hail Spain!
283
00:32:13,765 --> 00:32:16,267
MAKE SPAIN
GREAT AGAIN
284
00:32:28,529 --> 00:32:33,743
In my opinion, the most important thing
to remember about Franco
285
00:32:33,868 --> 00:32:38,414
is that he was never wrong.
286
00:32:39,540 --> 00:32:44,087
Franco saved
Christian Western civilization
287
00:32:44,170 --> 00:32:46,172
from communist tyranny.
288
00:32:48,716 --> 00:32:52,387
The forgetting started
long before the amnesty.
289
00:32:57,725 --> 00:33:00,186
The world chose to forget,
290
00:33:00,269 --> 00:33:03,189
embracing Franco
in its fight against communism.
291
00:33:18,913 --> 00:33:21,582
Regarding the succession
to the Head of State,
292
00:33:21,708 --> 00:33:24,544
it's all taken care of,
with no loose ends...
293
00:33:24,669 --> 00:33:29,924
with the designation of
Prince Juan Carlos of Borbón as my heir.
294
00:33:30,633 --> 00:33:34,846
I receive from His Excellency,
the Head of State Generalissimo Franco
295
00:33:34,971 --> 00:33:40,018
the political legitimacy
that arose on July 18, 1936.
296
00:33:51,279 --> 00:33:56,242
After Franco's death, many of his police,
judges and politicians
297
00:33:56,325 --> 00:33:59,203
simply continued on.
298
00:34:02,957 --> 00:34:05,752
I think the "forgetting"
299
00:34:05,835 --> 00:34:10,923
was internal,
among the politicians themselves.
300
00:34:11,049 --> 00:34:15,428
They didn't want the Spanish people
to know that all these politicians
301
00:34:15,553 --> 00:34:19,599
had previously been defenders
of Franco's regime.
302
00:34:20,058 --> 00:34:22,643
So they were interested in forgetting
303
00:34:22,727 --> 00:34:26,856
because talking about Franco
meant talking about their past.
304
00:34:26,939 --> 00:34:29,692
The results of the vote are as follows,
305
00:34:29,776 --> 00:34:32,862
296 in favor,
306
00:34:32,945 --> 00:34:34,489
two opposed.
307
00:34:34,655 --> 00:34:38,534
Gentlemen, the Amnesty Law is approved.
308
00:35:02,141 --> 00:35:06,187
I wrote to all the bigwigs,
as I call them.
309
00:35:08,272 --> 00:35:09,982
To the King,
310
00:35:10,108 --> 00:35:11,859
his son,
311
00:35:11,984 --> 00:35:13,236
the president,
312
00:35:13,319 --> 00:35:14,946
the mayor here.
313
00:35:17,490 --> 00:35:22,537
"Hello, Honorable Judge
of the Supreme Court in Madrid.
314
00:35:22,829 --> 00:35:26,707
After they killed his wife,
315
00:35:27,125 --> 00:35:31,129
the only answer my father got was,
316
00:35:31,254 --> 00:35:37,301
'You'll take her to the cemetery
when pigs fly.
317
00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:42,140
So don't cause problems,
318
00:35:42,223 --> 00:35:46,686
or we might do to you what we did to her.'
319
00:35:51,149 --> 00:35:55,945
Best regards from this woman
320
00:35:56,028 --> 00:35:58,239
who keeps waiting
321
00:35:58,823 --> 00:36:01,659
for pigs to fly.
322
00:36:01,742 --> 00:36:03,703
María Martín."
323
00:36:06,372 --> 00:36:07,957
I'm lost, is it up here?
324
00:36:08,082 --> 00:36:09,250
Yes, this way.
325
00:36:09,375 --> 00:36:11,377
Okay, much better.
326
00:36:13,796 --> 00:36:18,342
This is the town where
my grandmother's whole story took place.
327
00:36:22,013 --> 00:36:23,723
I'm María Ángeles Martín,
328
00:36:23,848 --> 00:36:25,516
daughter of María Martín,
329
00:36:25,641 --> 00:36:28,853
granddaughter of Faustina López,
my grandmother,
330
00:36:29,979 --> 00:36:32,732
murdered in Pedro Bernardo.
331
00:36:48,039 --> 00:36:51,709
Kids threw stones at us on the street.
332
00:36:54,587 --> 00:37:00,968
Walking down the street,
you'd be looking out for an escape route.
333
00:37:01,093 --> 00:37:04,180
Because when I'd run into someone...
334
00:37:04,305 --> 00:37:07,266
they'd do this with the finger.
335
00:37:07,350 --> 00:37:11,729
"We shouldn't have left
even the offspring."
336
00:37:20,696 --> 00:37:23,324
Whenever she saw
the Civil Guard approaching,
337
00:37:23,407 --> 00:37:25,952
my mother would pee on herself.
338
00:37:28,913 --> 00:37:33,584
For her, it's not like
they had changed with the democracy.
339
00:37:37,129 --> 00:37:41,842
Because it was the same institution,
the same people, the same mayor.
340
00:37:48,391 --> 00:37:52,603
Sometimes I'm not so in favor
of changing street names.
341
00:37:52,687 --> 00:37:56,399
Because it's history,
good or bad, it's history.
342
00:37:56,524 --> 00:38:01,696
Do you find streets in Germany
named after Hitler's guys?
343
00:38:01,821 --> 00:38:05,491
It was a bad thing,
something that shouldn't happen again.
344
00:38:05,616 --> 00:38:10,746
The culture and history of a country
are based on the good and the bad, right?
345
00:38:10,871 --> 00:38:12,873
And we must also remember the bad, right?
346
00:38:12,999 --> 00:38:16,502
-But so it doesn't happen again.
-So it doesn't happen again.
347
00:38:16,585 --> 00:38:20,047
-But not to memorialize it.
-No.
348
00:38:20,131 --> 00:38:22,425
-I can't handle it.
-But why?
349
00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:27,847
I think that
it should have been done ages ago.
350
00:38:39,233 --> 00:38:43,070
I live on General Yagüe Street.
351
00:38:43,654 --> 00:38:47,783
He's one of the generals
who revolted with Franco.
352
00:38:47,908 --> 00:38:51,704
He's known as "The Butcher of Badajoz"
353
00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:56,625
because he took over 4,000 prisoners
354
00:38:56,709 --> 00:39:01,797
and executed them all
in the city's bullfighting ring.
355
00:39:03,257 --> 00:39:07,470
Every day I wake up on a street
356
00:39:07,553 --> 00:39:11,474
dedicated to this war criminal.
357
00:39:19,273 --> 00:39:22,443
THE LEADER SQUARE
358
00:39:27,907 --> 00:39:32,203
FRANCO'S COAT OF ARMS
359
00:39:37,333 --> 00:39:40,920
GENERAL VARELA STREET
360
00:39:41,003 --> 00:39:43,005
GENERAL MOSCARDÓ STREET
361
00:39:43,130 --> 00:39:45,174
CAPTAIN HAYA STREET
362
00:39:51,180 --> 00:39:54,683
HAIL SPAIN SQUARE
363
00:39:55,393 --> 00:40:00,314
FRANCO'S VICTORY ARCH
364
00:40:10,366 --> 00:40:13,702
I have the feeling that we're stuck.
365
00:40:14,412 --> 00:40:18,958
We have to bring the lawsuit
back to life again.
366
00:40:19,083 --> 00:40:21,293
We filed the lawsuit three years ago.
367
00:40:21,419 --> 00:40:24,380
We can't allow this
to stretch out any longer.
368
00:40:24,505 --> 00:40:27,425
What's critical in a lawsuit like this
is the social movement.
369
00:40:27,550 --> 00:40:32,888
So we have to be creative and see how,
by mobilizing people,
370
00:40:33,013 --> 00:40:35,391
we can push things forward.
371
00:40:36,517 --> 00:40:37,726
There's not a town in Spain
372
00:40:37,810 --> 00:40:40,646
without victims
of the Franco regime, right?
373
00:40:55,536 --> 00:40:57,580
This is not about looking at the past.
374
00:40:57,705 --> 00:41:00,207
We're fighting for the future.
375
00:41:00,624 --> 00:41:04,086
We're joining as Lora del Río's
Historic Memory Association.
376
00:41:04,170 --> 00:41:08,257
We're joining this project,
377
00:41:08,382 --> 00:41:10,593
with great enthusiasm.
378
00:41:14,930 --> 00:41:17,391
We want to bring this to little towns.
379
00:41:17,516 --> 00:41:23,105
To gather signatures and also statements
of support from town halls.
380
00:41:23,898 --> 00:41:27,067
One town hall at a time.
381
00:41:30,988 --> 00:41:33,991
If the judge decides to issue
382
00:41:34,116 --> 00:41:37,453
international arrest warrants
for these people,
383
00:41:37,578 --> 00:41:41,582
our possibilities open up completely.
384
00:41:41,665 --> 00:41:43,501
All this is going to snowball.
385
00:41:58,766 --> 00:42:00,309
My name is María Mercedes Bueno.
386
00:42:00,434 --> 00:42:02,311
I was born in La Línea,
387
00:42:02,436 --> 00:42:05,147
a town in the province of Cádiz,
near Gibraltar.
388
00:42:10,736 --> 00:42:13,948
I was 18 and pregnant.
389
00:42:15,783 --> 00:42:17,076
At that time,
390
00:42:17,159 --> 00:42:20,329
to be a single mother
was a terrible stigma.
391
00:42:25,334 --> 00:42:28,170
My gynecologist hospitalized me.
392
00:42:28,837 --> 00:42:34,009
It was December 24, Christmas Eve.
393
00:42:35,719 --> 00:42:40,391
He said, "I'll put you to sleep
so you don't panic."
394
00:42:45,187 --> 00:42:46,647
The next day,
395
00:42:46,730 --> 00:42:49,316
they told me the baby was dead
396
00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:52,486
and that the hospital would
take care of everything.
397
00:43:00,035 --> 00:43:02,913
Twenty-eight years later...
I'm surfing the web,
398
00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:06,750
and I start seeing tons of cases
of stolen babies
399
00:43:06,834 --> 00:43:09,253
at the Municipal Hospital of La Línea,
400
00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:11,964
with that same doctor.
401
00:43:12,881 --> 00:43:18,512
And I realized that thousands of babies
had been stolen all over Spain.
402
00:43:18,804 --> 00:43:21,265
All the cases seem to have
a common denominator.
403
00:43:21,390 --> 00:43:23,517
The children are not buried
in the cemetery...
404
00:43:23,642 --> 00:43:26,478
...of the three coffins, two were empty.
405
00:43:26,604 --> 00:43:29,940
They only had bandages and sawdust.
406
00:43:31,692 --> 00:43:36,196
We'd like to see the supposed records
of my daughter's burial
407
00:43:36,322 --> 00:43:38,991
from December 24th, 1981.
408
00:43:41,201 --> 00:43:43,537
There's nothing here under that name.
409
00:43:43,621 --> 00:43:45,873
-Nothing?
-Nothing.
410
00:43:46,915 --> 00:43:53,547
I discovered that this horror
began in the 1940s under Franco.
411
00:44:02,139 --> 00:44:04,600
There had always been rumors.
412
00:44:08,145 --> 00:44:11,231
This is Dr. Vallejo Nágera.
413
00:44:11,315 --> 00:44:14,193
He studied Nazi Germany's eugenics
414
00:44:14,276 --> 00:44:18,489
and became the head
of military psychiatry under Franco.
415
00:44:18,572 --> 00:44:25,454
EUGENICS OF SPANISHNESS
AND REGENERATION OF THE RACE
416
00:44:30,668 --> 00:44:35,464
He held that leftists
carried a "red gene..."
417
00:44:36,799 --> 00:44:39,301
and proposed to purge that gene
418
00:44:39,426 --> 00:44:43,222
by separating the children
of the vanquished from their parents.
419
00:44:47,643 --> 00:44:52,689
Thousands of children were given
to families loyal to the regime.
420
00:44:54,441 --> 00:44:57,361
DOCTOR VALLEJO-NÁGERA BOULEVARD
421
00:44:58,153 --> 00:45:01,782
With time,
many believe the practice evolved.
422
00:45:02,950 --> 00:45:07,121
But the justification
switched from political to moral.
423
00:45:07,913 --> 00:45:10,582
The new targets were single women
424
00:45:10,666 --> 00:45:13,502
and poor families
with "too many" children.
425
00:45:17,798 --> 00:45:22,970
In Argentina, they estimate 500 children
were taken by the military dictatorship.
426
00:45:23,053 --> 00:45:28,976
In Spain, we count the stolen children
by the tens or hundreds of thousands.
427
00:45:29,059 --> 00:45:33,814
I get that this lawsuit focuses
on crimes committed under Franco,
428
00:45:33,897 --> 00:45:35,816
but we belong there, too.
429
00:45:36,483 --> 00:45:40,612
Because when a system
is in place for 40 years,
430
00:45:40,696 --> 00:45:43,574
the machinery
can't just be stopped in '75.
431
00:45:43,657 --> 00:45:47,536
These practices continued,
they went on and on.
432
00:45:47,619 --> 00:45:50,747
We want our children, alive or dead.
433
00:45:52,916 --> 00:45:54,460
That's all we want.
434
00:45:55,169 --> 00:45:57,880
It's not much. It's so little.
435
00:45:57,963 --> 00:46:00,674
It's a pittance that we're asking for.
436
00:46:01,049 --> 00:46:03,093
There are such terrible people...
437
00:46:56,563 --> 00:46:57,564
Look.
438
00:46:58,649 --> 00:47:03,278
Judge Servini orders the detention
of four torturers.
439
00:47:04,655 --> 00:47:06,240
It's really historic!
440
00:47:09,076 --> 00:47:11,787
An Argentine judge
investigating Franco-era crimes
441
00:47:11,912 --> 00:47:16,875
has ordered Spain and Interpol to detain
four members of the security forces
442
00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:20,796
to interrogate them
about alleged crimes of torture.
443
00:47:20,879 --> 00:47:21,880
Who did they indict?
444
00:47:21,964 --> 00:47:22,839
"Billy"?
445
00:47:22,965 --> 00:47:24,216
Great!
446
00:47:24,675 --> 00:47:26,718
Oh, my God! Yes!
447
00:47:26,802 --> 00:47:28,762
Now is when the fight begins.
448
00:47:31,098 --> 00:47:35,686
We've made a quantum leap, haven't we?
449
00:47:36,019 --> 00:47:38,313
Come on, let's toast!
450
00:47:46,280 --> 00:47:47,322
Where are we?
451
00:47:47,447 --> 00:47:49,324
In The New York Times.
452
00:47:49,408 --> 00:47:50,742
Let me see!
453
00:47:51,827 --> 00:47:55,289
Try to move this way,
so we can see the door better.
454
00:48:42,002 --> 00:48:45,047
My name is Ascensión Mendieta Ibarra,
455
00:48:45,505 --> 00:48:50,427
and I am in the lawsuit
to see if we can get my father out.
456
00:48:51,928 --> 00:48:54,473
I had lost hope.
457
00:48:56,767 --> 00:48:58,602
But I have the dream...
458
00:48:59,102 --> 00:49:01,229
That now I'll be able to see him.
459
00:49:25,671 --> 00:49:28,340
It's a pleasure to have you here with me.
460
00:49:28,423 --> 00:49:32,344
If anyone wants to say something,
I'll listen.
461
00:49:32,427 --> 00:49:33,762
My name is Paqui Maqueda.
462
00:49:33,845 --> 00:49:36,848
I bring you today
the names of 22,000 men and women
463
00:49:36,973 --> 00:49:39,434
still disappeared
in the Andalusian region.
464
00:49:39,518 --> 00:49:41,770
I also bring you our immense gratitude
465
00:49:42,396 --> 00:49:44,523
and our hope.
466
00:49:45,399 --> 00:49:51,446
My father died on November 16th, 1939.
467
00:49:51,571 --> 00:49:56,702
He died and left seven small children.
468
00:49:56,827 --> 00:50:00,497
We want to see if justice could be served
469
00:50:00,580 --> 00:50:03,583
so we can get him out of a mass grave.
470
00:50:03,667 --> 00:50:10,173
You must understand that investigating
crimes in other countries is difficult.
471
00:50:10,257 --> 00:50:15,137
If I don't do more, it's because
we face a number of obstacles.
472
00:50:15,220 --> 00:50:19,766
This is the most important case
in my court.
473
00:50:20,058 --> 00:50:22,018
I'll do what I have to do.
474
00:50:25,021 --> 00:50:27,733
-A rainbow.
-A rainbow.
475
00:50:29,025 --> 00:50:32,195
This journey is full of signs,
I'm convinced.
476
00:50:32,279 --> 00:50:34,281
Look, such a beautiful rainbow...
477
00:50:53,216 --> 00:50:57,804
Starting in the 1980s, as dictatorships
fell across Latin America,
478
00:50:58,930 --> 00:51:03,101
many countries used
Spain's Pact of Forgetting as a model.
479
00:51:05,937 --> 00:51:11,276
But over time,
citizens called for truth and justice,
480
00:51:11,359 --> 00:51:16,490
and one by one, these countries
overturned their amnesty laws.
481
00:51:25,040 --> 00:51:30,003
Former rulers, police and judges
have been put on trial.
482
00:51:34,049 --> 00:51:35,926
Today, all over the world,
483
00:51:36,009 --> 00:51:41,598
truth commissions and special tribunals
work to uncover the past.
484
00:51:49,731 --> 00:51:54,152
Old prisons and death camps
have become museums
485
00:51:54,236 --> 00:51:57,531
where people are urged to remember.
486
00:52:06,039 --> 00:52:08,166
All the decisions
about what happened here,
487
00:52:08,250 --> 00:52:10,252
who to kidnap,
488
00:52:10,335 --> 00:52:11,962
how the operations...
489
00:52:12,045 --> 00:52:16,800
Seeing a school group here
brings tears to our eyes.
490
00:52:16,883 --> 00:52:21,471
When will we see students in the
General Security Headquarters saying,
491
00:52:21,555 --> 00:52:24,266
"Look, Chato was tortured here"?
492
00:52:55,046 --> 00:52:57,549
The extradition process continues
493
00:52:57,632 --> 00:53:00,302
for Antonio González Pacheco,
alias "Billy the Kid"
494
00:53:00,385 --> 00:53:02,846
and former Civil Guard
Jesús Muñecas Aguilar.
495
00:53:07,893 --> 00:53:11,313
Extradite the torturers!
496
00:53:15,025 --> 00:53:17,319
It's the first time
the voice of the victims
497
00:53:17,402 --> 00:53:19,738
will be heard before a court,
498
00:53:19,863 --> 00:53:24,117
and it will be 10,000 km
away from our country.
499
00:53:29,539 --> 00:53:31,041
Come on, go for it!
500
00:53:35,545 --> 00:53:38,006
Ma'am, come in. Have a seat, please.
501
00:53:40,216 --> 00:53:41,343
May I...
502
00:53:59,945 --> 00:54:04,366
...my family was exiled,
like over half a million Spaniards...
503
00:54:05,325 --> 00:54:09,037
...my grandfather was assigned to
Camposancos concentration camp...
504
00:54:11,289 --> 00:54:16,461
...I was in many
of Franco's prisons until 1977...
505
00:54:17,754 --> 00:54:21,508
...my father was disappeared.
They threw him into a well...
506
00:54:23,051 --> 00:54:25,804
...the theft of
my twin brother, Francisco...
507
00:54:27,180 --> 00:54:30,350
...our family house was confiscated...
508
00:54:31,935 --> 00:54:35,146
...we were victims
of the prevention centers...
509
00:54:36,022 --> 00:54:38,942
...the killing of workers in Vitoria...
510
00:54:42,445 --> 00:54:44,572
...the sentences against us
were never annulled.
511
00:54:44,656 --> 00:54:47,200
We're still considered criminals...
512
00:54:47,617 --> 00:54:51,955
...to be able to give my mother
a tiny margin of justice...
513
00:54:53,373 --> 00:54:55,917
...so that it isn't repeated.
514
00:55:07,262 --> 00:55:08,930
What a show!
515
00:55:13,810 --> 00:55:17,230
Murderers!
516
00:55:21,860 --> 00:55:24,821
Have you accepted the extradition?
517
00:55:26,239 --> 00:55:29,242
"I keep your passports,"
said Judge Pablo Ruz,
518
00:55:29,325 --> 00:55:32,495
who ordered them to appear weekly in court
519
00:55:32,579 --> 00:55:35,373
and barred them
from leaving the country...
520
00:55:35,457 --> 00:55:39,711
The next step in this process will be
the extradition hearing itself.
521
00:55:50,221 --> 00:55:51,723
How are you?
522
00:55:51,806 --> 00:55:53,641
Very well...
523
00:55:57,812 --> 00:55:59,022
It's okay...
524
00:56:03,234 --> 00:56:07,489
Today, for the first time in 77 years,
525
00:56:07,572 --> 00:56:10,116
two of Franco's torturers
526
00:56:10,200 --> 00:56:15,872
had to respond to a judge's questions
527
00:56:15,955 --> 00:56:18,458
about the crimes they committed.
528
00:56:18,583 --> 00:56:20,585
It's a first step.
529
00:56:22,212 --> 00:56:26,716
In no time,
we'll see the first criminal in jail.
530
00:56:43,566 --> 00:56:46,736
Don't worry, we'll get those bones.
531
00:57:00,250 --> 00:57:02,377
Do you want a coffee?
532
00:57:02,502 --> 00:57:03,503
Yes.
533
00:57:06,339 --> 00:57:08,133
Poor thing, she always says,
534
00:57:08,258 --> 00:57:11,886
"When they shot him... did he really die?
535
00:57:12,470 --> 00:57:18,059
How did he fall? On his side? Face down?"
536
00:57:28,445 --> 00:57:32,449
I remember well, she spent years and years
537
00:57:32,574 --> 00:57:35,785
yearning for her father, poor woman.
538
00:57:43,626 --> 00:57:44,502
What happened?
539
00:57:45,462 --> 00:57:46,379
I don't know...
540
00:57:47,922 --> 00:57:48,840
Hi, there.
541
00:57:54,554 --> 00:57:56,890
I'm here to give you some news.
542
00:57:57,015 --> 00:57:58,099
How are you?
543
00:57:59,684 --> 00:58:03,480
Judge María Servini has ordered
Spain to exhume your father.
544
00:58:03,605 --> 00:58:05,398
-To get him out?
-Yes.
545
00:58:05,482 --> 00:58:07,901
Dear God, what joy!
546
00:58:07,984 --> 00:58:12,238
Now if I die,
I will take my father's bones with me.
547
00:58:13,531 --> 00:58:14,949
I'm so happy for you...
548
00:58:17,076 --> 00:58:18,661
So they'll get him out?
549
00:58:18,745 --> 00:58:22,165
She's ordered the Spanish judiciary
to do what they have to do.
550
00:58:22,248 --> 00:58:24,626
-Thank you so much, son.
-You're welcome.
551
00:58:25,251 --> 00:58:26,586
So much time...
552
00:58:29,088 --> 00:58:34,010
My sister died wanting to get him out,
but we never could.
553
00:58:34,135 --> 00:58:36,429
Your trip really made a difference.
554
00:58:36,554 --> 00:58:38,014
Oh, my goodness...
555
00:58:39,015 --> 00:58:40,767
Oh, God, I'm so happy.
556
00:58:40,850 --> 00:58:43,603
Now I can die happily.
557
00:58:43,686 --> 00:58:47,023
Because now I know I'll see him,
558
00:58:47,106 --> 00:58:50,193
even in a bone, or an ash,
or whatever it is.
559
00:59:02,872 --> 00:59:05,208
In this section of the cemetery,
560
00:59:05,291 --> 00:59:08,461
each tombstone covers a mass grave.
561
00:59:09,420 --> 00:59:12,465
More than 200 people
are thought to lie here,
562
00:59:12,590 --> 00:59:15,093
including Ascensión's father.
563
00:59:16,010 --> 00:59:21,975
DIED DEFENDING
DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM
564
00:59:23,309 --> 00:59:27,480
The bullet holes
can still be seen on the wall.
565
00:59:32,735 --> 00:59:36,990
For 40 years,
this part of the cemetery was closed off.
566
00:59:37,532 --> 00:59:40,577
Family members would
throw flowers over the wall
567
00:59:40,702 --> 00:59:42,453
and cry against it.
568
00:59:46,249 --> 00:59:49,627
Right at the entrance
of the same cemetery,
569
00:59:49,711 --> 00:59:52,755
a monument honors
the many Franco supporters
570
00:59:52,839 --> 00:59:55,091
who were killed during the war.
571
01:00:02,056 --> 01:00:05,852
Franco is buried
in the biggest monument of all.
572
01:00:08,646 --> 01:00:10,940
The Valley of the Fallen.
573
01:00:16,654 --> 01:00:19,449
Spain is full of mass graves.
574
01:00:20,199 --> 01:00:21,993
By the side of roads.
575
01:00:24,037 --> 01:00:25,455
In cemeteries.
576
01:00:27,498 --> 01:00:29,959
In the middle of fields.
577
01:00:32,670 --> 01:00:37,216
In the year 2000, historic memory
organizations started to form,
578
01:00:37,300 --> 01:00:40,595
funded by the victims themselves.
579
01:00:42,263 --> 01:00:43,598
Since then,
580
01:00:43,681 --> 01:00:46,100
without a single judicial order,
581
01:00:46,184 --> 01:00:51,022
8,000 men and women have been exhumed.
582
01:00:55,193 --> 01:00:58,988
But over 100,000 are still waiting.
583
01:01:17,090 --> 01:01:19,425
We are here for the DNA.
584
01:01:19,550 --> 01:01:20,802
For the DM.
585
01:01:20,927 --> 01:01:22,845
-D-N-A.
-DMA.
586
01:01:22,929 --> 01:01:25,014
-N, N.
-M, N.
587
01:01:26,766 --> 01:01:27,767
The DNA.
588
01:01:29,060 --> 01:01:30,895
-The DNA.
-DNA.
589
01:01:31,020 --> 01:01:32,897
Yes, and why are they taking yours?
590
01:01:33,189 --> 01:01:34,774
To see if I'm my father's daughter.
591
01:01:34,899 --> 01:01:36,109
That's right.
592
01:01:36,234 --> 01:01:39,487
That your father is your father,
and you're his daughter.
593
01:01:39,612 --> 01:01:43,324
Because there are a lot of other people
buried with him.
594
01:01:44,575 --> 01:01:45,910
Full name?
595
01:01:46,035 --> 01:01:49,288
Iluminada Ascensión Mendieta Ibarra.
596
01:01:53,876 --> 01:01:55,002
Please open your mouth.
597
01:01:55,086 --> 01:01:55,920
My mouth?
598
01:01:56,045 --> 01:01:58,089
I'll scrape the inside of your cheek.
599
01:01:58,214 --> 01:02:01,175
-Should I take out my dentures?
-No, it's not necessary.
600
01:02:11,102 --> 01:02:12,019
That's it.
601
01:02:12,145 --> 01:02:13,229
Wow. Thank you.
602
01:02:26,951 --> 01:02:28,870
-Your delivery was normal, right?
-Normal.
603
01:02:28,953 --> 01:02:30,121
A perfect birth.
604
01:02:31,164 --> 01:02:32,832
The doctor comes in,
605
01:02:33,791 --> 01:02:37,378
takes my baby,
turns his back on me and walks out.
606
01:02:37,462 --> 01:02:39,422
They don't explain anything.
607
01:02:39,505 --> 01:02:42,133
They don't put a wristband
on me or my baby.
608
01:02:42,216 --> 01:02:43,801
-They took the baby.
-They took my baby.
609
01:02:43,885 --> 01:02:47,430
-And did you see him again?
-No. Never again.
610
01:02:47,930 --> 01:02:51,309
He says... "Your baby is dead."
611
01:02:52,059 --> 01:02:54,145
-Did they give you a medical report?
-No, there's nothing.
612
01:02:54,228 --> 01:02:56,314
My case is very similar to yours.
613
01:02:56,439 --> 01:02:58,524
The modus operandi...
614
01:02:58,608 --> 01:03:00,610
They're like photocopies...
615
01:03:00,693 --> 01:03:06,032
God, how can we live with this truth
hidden in our hearts?
616
01:03:06,532 --> 01:03:09,786
Our cases are being closed.
They're being shelved.
617
01:03:09,911 --> 01:03:13,372
I'd like to be able to stand
in front of a judge...
618
01:03:13,456 --> 01:03:14,540
Yes, you can.
619
01:03:14,624 --> 01:03:17,460
I did, outside Spain,
through the Argentine lawsuit.
620
01:03:17,543 --> 01:03:20,129
We have lawyers who work for free.
621
01:03:20,755 --> 01:03:24,383
The lawsuit may or may not succeed.
622
01:03:24,884 --> 01:03:27,136
But at least I have a door open.
623
01:03:30,890 --> 01:03:34,310
...his brother was killed by the fascists
an obvious case of forced disappearance
624
01:03:38,272 --> 01:03:40,233
In the lawsuit, we've gathered
625
01:03:40,358 --> 01:03:45,154
the names of doctors, midwives and nuns
who abducted children.
626
01:03:46,113 --> 01:03:49,784
Names of companies
that profited from slave labor.
627
01:03:51,661 --> 01:03:55,832
We can't wait any longer
to present indictments,
628
01:03:55,957 --> 01:03:57,250
powerful ones.
629
01:03:58,584 --> 01:04:03,339
We have names of ministers...
like Martín Villa,
630
01:04:03,464 --> 01:04:05,800
who was a cabinet minister
during the dictatorship
631
01:04:05,883 --> 01:04:10,471
and then Deputy Prime Minister
in the democracy.
632
01:04:15,184 --> 01:04:18,020
The Argentine judge has come to Spain.
633
01:04:27,446 --> 01:04:32,243
She petitioned the Spanish government,
who sent it to local courts in Spain
634
01:04:32,368 --> 01:04:34,453
where she took testimony.
635
01:04:37,123 --> 01:04:39,709
This measure was unprecedented.
636
01:04:39,792 --> 01:04:41,460
Let me give you a kiss.
637
01:04:41,544 --> 01:04:45,882
And my gratitude...
for everything you're doing.
638
01:04:46,716 --> 01:04:50,553
I've listened to 167 testimonies.
639
01:04:50,636 --> 01:04:53,598
And we are moved by this.
640
01:04:53,681 --> 01:04:56,767
The emotion touches us, but...
641
01:04:57,393 --> 01:05:00,980
we must stay cool and objective.
642
01:05:07,111 --> 01:05:12,533
The darkest chapter in our history
is being examined by the UN.
643
01:05:12,617 --> 01:05:16,871
This includes recommendations
644
01:05:16,954 --> 01:05:21,334
to annul the effects
of the 1977 Amnesty Law.
645
01:05:22,335 --> 01:05:26,797
Because the victims,
rightly, do not forget.
646
01:05:49,445 --> 01:05:52,782
EXTRADITE THE TORTURERS
647
01:05:54,116 --> 01:05:57,453
Tomorrow, "Billy the Kid"
will have to appear in National Court
648
01:05:57,536 --> 01:05:59,205
for his extradition hearing.
649
01:05:59,622 --> 01:06:06,587
He has been summoned for crimes of torture
of 13 people from 1968 to '75.
650
01:06:21,227 --> 01:06:23,437
...the dictator...
651
01:06:23,729 --> 01:06:25,940
...not a single one...
652
01:06:26,023 --> 01:06:28,651
...justice...
653
01:06:38,202 --> 01:06:42,415
I've never told Justa any of this.
654
01:06:44,625 --> 01:06:48,295
It's almost... shameful.
655
01:07:00,933 --> 01:07:03,936
They took my wife there,
she was three months pregnant,
656
01:07:04,020 --> 01:07:08,065
and to force her to say,
"Do it for me and for the baby,"
657
01:07:08,149 --> 01:07:10,151
they punched her in the belly.
658
01:07:10,985 --> 01:07:12,945
Thirteen hours straight.
659
01:07:13,571 --> 01:07:17,324
They ended up
tearing off my skin in strips.
660
01:07:19,368 --> 01:07:24,123
As "Billy the Kid"
and his henchmen told me,
661
01:07:24,707 --> 01:07:27,168
"Don't get your hopes up.
662
01:07:27,293 --> 01:07:29,295
Nothing will happen to us.
663
01:07:29,754 --> 01:07:33,841
What's more, we will be
the police of the future."
664
01:07:35,259 --> 01:07:37,887
I felt like a rag doll,
665
01:07:37,970 --> 01:07:42,058
tossed from left to right,
forwards and backwards.
666
01:07:42,183 --> 01:07:47,646
The only thing that kept me standing
were the blows my body received,
667
01:07:47,772 --> 01:07:52,818
as if they were competing
in how to beat me so I wouldn't fall.
668
01:07:52,943 --> 01:07:56,697
I was trembling so much,
in such pain and panic,
669
01:07:56,781 --> 01:08:00,534
that I couldn't tell
if my feet ever touched the ground.
670
01:08:01,494 --> 01:08:05,122
They handcuffed me behind my back.
671
01:08:05,206 --> 01:08:09,085
Holding my hair, they beat my head
672
01:08:09,168 --> 01:08:13,005
against the edge of a table.
673
01:08:13,380 --> 01:08:17,093
What scared me most
was that I might "sing."
674
01:08:17,176 --> 01:08:21,514
The way to resist was to imagine a scene.
675
01:08:21,597 --> 01:08:27,144
There was the same table,
the same killers beating me,
676
01:08:27,228 --> 01:08:32,441
but around us were my friends,
my father...
677
01:08:34,610 --> 01:08:36,737
The people I loved most.
678
01:08:36,862 --> 01:08:39,281
And I couldn't let them down.
679
01:08:41,826 --> 01:08:45,788
That was the way to endure it.
680
01:08:45,871 --> 01:08:52,378
But they slowly faded
when you realized you were naked,
681
01:08:52,503 --> 01:08:58,384
that they were beating your buttocks,
the soles of your feet,
682
01:08:58,509 --> 01:09:00,469
your genitals.
683
01:09:00,594 --> 01:09:05,516
I remember I thought,
"You'll never have sex again."
684
01:09:06,851 --> 01:09:11,063
I was 22... and had just had
my first experience.
685
01:09:12,481 --> 01:09:16,527
I wasn't even a person,
not even an animal.
686
01:09:16,652 --> 01:09:19,655
I was just a thing.
687
01:09:21,115 --> 01:09:25,119
Just there at 22, really scared
and determined to endure,
688
01:09:25,244 --> 01:09:27,371
endure out of rage.
689
01:09:28,247 --> 01:09:29,957
I tell you in earnest...
690
01:09:30,541 --> 01:09:33,169
not even for my political convictions.
691
01:09:33,794 --> 01:09:35,838
But out of rage.
692
01:09:36,463 --> 01:09:39,175
Because I was a human being.
693
01:10:10,456 --> 01:10:16,212
For many years,
we only wanted to erase from our heads
694
01:10:16,337 --> 01:10:19,465
all that time of bitterness...
695
01:10:20,591 --> 01:10:23,636
and repression. I don't know...
696
01:10:23,761 --> 01:10:26,764
Perhaps all of us...
697
01:10:28,015 --> 01:10:31,352
perhaps we have all
collaborated in that silence.
698
01:10:31,477 --> 01:10:34,146
But that's something you realize later.
699
01:10:37,483 --> 01:10:41,195
People don't forget so easily.
700
01:10:42,947 --> 01:10:46,450
Even if they want to, it's not easy.
701
01:11:02,841 --> 01:11:06,136
Extradite the torturers!
702
01:11:20,734 --> 01:11:22,236
Antonio González Pacheco,
703
01:11:22,361 --> 01:11:28,325
do you consent to your image
being recorded by the media?
704
01:11:28,450 --> 01:11:30,035
I do not consent.
705
01:11:30,536 --> 01:11:35,207
The cameras will be allowed
to record briefly from behind,
706
01:11:35,332 --> 01:11:40,004
and we'll allow audio recording.
707
01:11:40,921 --> 01:11:42,631
Do you know the acts you are indicted for?
708
01:11:42,715 --> 01:11:43,674
Yes.
709
01:11:44,550 --> 01:11:47,845
Do you consent to be turned in
to be tried in Argentina?
710
01:11:47,928 --> 01:11:49,138
Absolutely not.
711
01:11:51,473 --> 01:11:53,559
With your permission, Your Honor.
712
01:11:53,642 --> 01:11:56,061
The Amnesty Law would eliminate
713
01:11:56,395 --> 01:11:59,732
any hypothetical responsibility
that might arise.
714
01:12:01,483 --> 01:12:04,570
Therefore, we request
the complete rejection
715
01:12:04,695 --> 01:12:08,407
of the extradition order
for Mr. Antonio González Pacheco.
716
01:12:19,001 --> 01:12:21,545
Show your face, coward!
717
01:12:27,676 --> 01:12:29,094
Murderer!
718
01:12:29,970 --> 01:12:35,601
No Spanish TV channel
has ever recorded his face... until now.
719
01:12:35,684 --> 01:12:40,689
It's Juan Antonio González Pacheco,
also known as "Billy the Kid."
720
01:12:43,359 --> 01:12:46,028
Hello, Mr. Pacheco,
I have a few questions for you.
721
01:12:46,111 --> 01:12:48,447
-Leave me alone.
-Listen, please.
722
01:12:51,241 --> 01:12:54,328
Do you know the Argentine judiciary
has requested your extradition?
723
01:12:54,661 --> 01:12:56,080
Leave me alone!
724
01:12:56,497 --> 01:12:59,208
Have you ever considered
apologizing after 40 years?
725
01:12:59,333 --> 01:13:00,667
Leave me alone.
726
01:13:02,378 --> 01:13:06,090
One thing that makes me particularly angry
727
01:13:06,215 --> 01:13:12,054
is when people say,
"No, you're just motivated by revenge."
728
01:13:13,305 --> 01:13:17,518
You can only think I'm looking for revenge
729
01:13:17,601 --> 01:13:23,774
if you think that looking for justice
is looking for revenge.
730
01:13:34,451 --> 01:13:36,954
Forgiveness is an individual matter.
731
01:13:37,079 --> 01:13:40,666
A state cannot forgive crimes.
732
01:13:44,169 --> 01:13:47,339
Forgetting doesn't lead to forgiveness...
733
01:13:47,423 --> 01:13:49,800
It generates more hatred.
734
01:13:55,097 --> 01:13:58,725
No one has ever asked us for forgiveness.
735
01:13:59,351 --> 01:14:02,604
People don't ask,
they demand that you forgive.
736
01:14:07,067 --> 01:14:08,861
You can't forgive.
737
01:14:09,445 --> 01:14:13,157
You can forget, but you can't forgive.
738
01:14:13,240 --> 01:14:14,992
Of course I forgive you.
739
01:14:15,117 --> 01:14:18,412
You, the physical person
who did something horrible
740
01:14:18,495 --> 01:14:22,332
because you were serving
a regime that tortured me.
741
01:14:24,251 --> 01:14:25,836
But I demand justice.
742
01:14:26,336 --> 01:14:30,757
Because I was condemned illegally
and you went scot-free.
743
01:14:35,554 --> 01:14:37,973
The National Court
won't extradite to Argentina
744
01:14:38,056 --> 01:14:41,852
the ex-policeman known as "Billy the Kid."
745
01:14:41,935 --> 01:14:45,063
The judges hold that the alleged crimes
746
01:14:45,147 --> 01:14:49,902
have passed the statute of limitations
and are not crimes against humanity.
747
01:14:51,737 --> 01:14:54,656
Repeal the Amnesty Law!
748
01:14:54,740 --> 01:14:58,577
Universal justice from Latin America!
749
01:15:00,537 --> 01:15:05,751
Crimes against humanity
never, ever have a statute of limitations.
750
01:15:06,710 --> 01:15:10,964
We, and hundreds of thousands of victims,
751
01:15:11,089 --> 01:15:14,218
have been denied the right to justice.
752
01:15:32,277 --> 01:15:33,445
Thank you.
753
01:15:36,073 --> 01:15:37,616
She couldn't...
754
01:15:38,534 --> 01:15:40,786
Life got the better of her.
755
01:16:50,314 --> 01:16:55,444
She left without achieving...
everything she fought for.
756
01:16:56,612 --> 01:17:03,118
She wanted to be there
with her mother's remains by her side.
757
01:17:48,330 --> 01:17:50,290
Big news, people.
758
01:17:50,374 --> 01:17:54,086
Judge Servini has ordered the detention,
759
01:17:54,169 --> 01:18:00,926
for the... investigating inquiry,
of 20 people.
760
01:18:01,009 --> 01:18:04,680
One of them is Martín Villa,
and also Utrera Molina.
761
01:18:07,099 --> 01:18:08,725
That's so great!
762
01:18:09,101 --> 01:18:10,560
Martín Villa!
763
01:18:10,936 --> 01:18:12,020
That's great!
764
01:18:12,104 --> 01:18:15,023
-We have to move it--
-That means all of them.
765
01:18:17,943 --> 01:18:20,904
Did you hear?
I just received the judge's ruling.
766
01:18:21,029 --> 01:18:22,239
I'll send it over.
767
01:18:22,322 --> 01:18:27,244
I'm more and more convinced
that justice will be served.
768
01:18:27,327 --> 01:18:33,750
We think that this clamor
against impunity will grow...
769
01:18:39,423 --> 01:18:41,425
Judge Servini has ordered the detention
770
01:18:41,550 --> 01:18:44,594
of 20 cabinet ministers,
one doctor accused of stealing babies,
771
01:18:44,720 --> 01:18:47,764
judges, lawyers and a former
Deputy Prime Minister, Martín Villa.
772
01:18:49,099 --> 01:18:51,727
I want to testify before the judge.
773
01:18:51,810 --> 01:18:55,856
The best solution is for the judge
to come to Spain
774
01:18:55,939 --> 01:18:58,900
to interrogate those she has indicted.
775
01:18:58,984 --> 01:19:03,363
The Spanish judiciary must allow me
to take their statements.
776
01:19:03,905 --> 01:19:06,491
If they authorize me, I'll come.
777
01:19:07,576 --> 01:19:12,247
The doctor who treated me is now charged,
thanks to the Argentine lawsuit.
778
01:19:13,165 --> 01:19:16,626
It's a step closer to knowing the truth.
779
01:19:17,961 --> 01:19:20,338
We're asking for justice and truth.
780
01:19:21,089 --> 01:19:23,675
It's all we have left.
781
01:19:40,400 --> 01:19:42,611
My goodness, you're famous!
782
01:19:45,489 --> 01:19:46,615
I'm so overwhelmed.
783
01:19:46,740 --> 01:19:49,659
-Oh, my goodness.
-Hold on tight.
784
01:19:49,785 --> 01:19:51,453
I'm really overwhelmed.
785
01:19:56,291 --> 01:20:00,128
Do you wish that you
hadn't needed to travel 10,000 km
786
01:20:00,253 --> 01:20:01,588
to make this happen?
787
01:20:01,713 --> 01:20:04,966
But I did, and I was 88.
788
01:20:06,968 --> 01:20:11,097
I would do it again if I had to.
789
01:20:12,474 --> 01:20:14,559
These are all mass graves.
790
01:20:15,185 --> 01:20:17,646
This is a mass grave,
this is another mass grave...
791
01:20:17,729 --> 01:20:20,440
Separate mass graves,
one next to the other.
792
01:20:21,441 --> 01:20:23,777
Is my whole team here?
793
01:20:25,028 --> 01:20:27,405
We'll make a perimeter, as always.
794
01:20:27,489 --> 01:20:30,867
Those who are working in the grave,
you know who you are.
795
01:21:45,567 --> 01:21:46,985
Object one...
796
01:21:49,154 --> 01:21:50,614
Projectile.
797
01:21:53,158 --> 01:21:54,618
The first body
798
01:21:54,701 --> 01:21:58,288
shows clear evidence
of having been murdered.
799
01:21:59,122 --> 01:22:02,042
From here on, it's going to be slow work.
800
01:22:02,459 --> 01:22:03,960
So, it'll take a few days...
801
01:22:04,044 --> 01:22:05,503
We'll need several days.
802
01:22:24,439 --> 01:22:27,817
Have you ever seen
a grave this deep before?
803
01:22:28,944 --> 01:22:30,820
In a cemetery, never.
804
01:22:32,072 --> 01:22:36,576
They had clearly planned
how many people they wanted to put inside.
805
01:22:39,663 --> 01:22:42,165
Opening a grave with 22 people
806
01:22:42,290 --> 01:22:46,252
means that many other families
can recover those remains.
807
01:22:47,963 --> 01:22:51,257
We are Tomás Vicente Lorente's relatives,
808
01:22:51,591 --> 01:22:54,427
and we've come to claim him, of course.
809
01:22:55,136 --> 01:22:57,722
I have my father there, number 13.
810
01:22:57,806 --> 01:23:00,058
My uncle was 28, a kid.
811
01:23:00,725 --> 01:23:02,852
There, there's a 25-year-old shepherd.
812
01:23:02,936 --> 01:23:05,063
There's no explanation.
813
01:23:05,188 --> 01:23:08,733
Because if people
fight each other in a war,
814
01:23:08,817 --> 01:23:09,818
that's just how it is.
815
01:23:09,943 --> 01:23:15,115
But to be executed later just because
you think differently, it's outrageous.
816
01:25:17,028 --> 01:25:18,822
Honorable...
817
01:25:18,947 --> 01:25:24,661
...of the Supreme... Court...
818
01:25:25,620 --> 01:25:26,871
in Madrid.
819
01:25:29,124 --> 01:25:31,126
It was hard for me to get involved.
820
01:25:31,251 --> 01:25:36,422
It's easier to get on with your life
and not get into this mess.
821
01:25:37,215 --> 01:25:38,341
ARGENTINIAN LAWSUIT
822
01:25:38,591 --> 01:25:40,718
...and with all the pain of my heart...
823
01:25:41,177 --> 01:25:45,431
...regards from...
824
01:25:46,182 --> 01:25:49,018
...from this woman...
825
01:25:50,436 --> 01:25:54,649
...who is still waiting...
826
01:25:54,732 --> 01:25:57,735
...for pigs...
827
01:26:00,822 --> 01:26:02,615
...to fly.
828
01:26:04,909 --> 01:26:07,871
EMBASSY OF ARGENTINA
IN SPAIN
829
01:26:10,748 --> 01:26:14,627
My mother never
would have imagined that I...
830
01:26:14,752 --> 01:26:17,380
that I'd get so involved.
831
01:26:19,799 --> 01:26:22,594
She'd be very proud.
832
01:26:30,310 --> 01:26:35,315
I believe if the Spanish judges
heard what I've heard,
833
01:26:35,398 --> 01:26:38,568
they would open more cases here.
834
01:26:39,152 --> 01:26:43,239
That's what happened in Chile,
with Pinochet.
835
01:26:43,323 --> 01:26:46,743
They refused to investigate
until it reached a certain point,
836
01:26:46,826 --> 01:26:50,371
that with all the evidence
that had been gathered,
837
01:26:50,455 --> 01:26:52,165
they sentenced him.
838
01:26:52,916 --> 01:26:55,168
I believe that in the long run...
839
01:26:56,252 --> 01:27:00,131
you'll be successful
in making them investigate here.
840
01:27:02,717 --> 01:27:06,554
Many universal jurisdiction cases
never make it to trial,
841
01:27:06,679 --> 01:27:12,101
but they can spark changes
within the country being investigated.
842
01:27:13,978 --> 01:27:16,022
Despite resistance,
843
01:27:16,147 --> 01:27:20,944
several regional governments
have passed laws to acknowledge victims,
844
01:27:21,027 --> 01:27:25,740
exhume mass graves,
and investigate the stolen children.
845
01:27:29,619 --> 01:27:34,624
Perhaps we are finally ready to remember.
846
01:27:41,381 --> 01:27:43,967
The debate about war,
or violence during a dictatorship
847
01:27:44,092 --> 01:27:46,719
should never be confined to
the private sphere.
848
01:27:46,803 --> 01:27:49,931
It must take place
within democratic institutions.
849
01:27:50,056 --> 01:27:54,560
That's why today is a big day
of democratic maturity.
850
01:27:55,645 --> 01:27:58,189
The streets we'll rename will be,
851
01:27:58,731 --> 01:28:02,527
"Hail Spain" Square,
Franco's motto par excellence.
852
01:28:03,569 --> 01:28:05,822
Square of "The Leader."
853
01:28:06,322 --> 01:28:08,825
Avenue of the Arc of Victory.
854
01:28:09,951 --> 01:28:11,786
General Yagüe Street.
855
01:28:11,869 --> 01:28:14,163
That's mine, that's mine.
856
01:28:15,331 --> 01:28:19,335
Now we vote on the original text.
857
01:28:20,962 --> 01:28:22,505
Citizens Party?
858
01:28:22,630 --> 01:28:23,715
In favor.
859
01:28:24,632 --> 01:28:25,591
Okay.
860
01:28:27,010 --> 01:28:28,344
Socialist Party?
861
01:28:28,428 --> 01:28:29,679
In favor.
862
01:28:30,263 --> 01:28:31,681
Popular Party?
863
01:28:34,434 --> 01:28:35,685
Against.
864
01:28:36,102 --> 01:28:36,978
Against.
865
01:28:37,061 --> 01:28:38,646
Okay. Madrid Now Platform?
866
01:28:38,730 --> 01:28:39,689
In favor.
867
01:28:39,772 --> 01:28:43,443
The proposal is approved,
thank you everyone.
868
01:29:26,402 --> 01:29:28,738
-Are you okay?
-I'm okay.
869
01:29:28,821 --> 01:29:29,781
Slowly.
870
01:29:36,454 --> 01:29:37,747
Calmly.
871
01:29:49,967 --> 01:29:51,511
Let's go closer.
872
01:29:57,308 --> 01:29:59,852
-The time has come.
-The time has come.
873
01:30:03,564 --> 01:30:04,982
Look, Mom.
874
01:30:06,943 --> 01:30:08,986
Where it says 19...
875
01:30:12,448 --> 01:30:15,368
Poor thing, my dear father.
876
01:30:16,327 --> 01:30:20,498
A whole life underground, dear father.
877
01:30:30,341 --> 01:30:33,177
Mom, you wanted to see him.
You saw him now.
878
01:30:33,261 --> 01:30:34,137
It's okay.
879
01:30:34,262 --> 01:30:36,764
Yes, I wanted to. I'm okay.
880
01:30:42,645 --> 01:30:45,565
TIMOTEO MENDIETA ALCALÁ
NOVEMBER 15 1939
881
01:30:49,527 --> 01:30:52,071
Lost peace
882
01:30:53,948 --> 01:30:56,075
Lost cause
883
01:30:58,452 --> 01:31:00,955
Lost dreams
884
01:31:03,082 --> 01:31:05,293
Lost homeland
885
01:31:07,420 --> 01:31:09,338
Lost to everyone
886
01:31:11,799 --> 01:31:14,218
Lost to Spain
887
01:31:16,053 --> 01:31:18,264
In no man's land
888
01:31:20,474 --> 01:31:22,935
In fields of rage
889
01:31:24,812 --> 01:31:27,190
Here they come
890
01:31:29,233 --> 01:31:31,360
Spain's children
891
01:31:33,821 --> 01:31:36,324
Where one song dies out
892
01:31:37,617 --> 01:31:40,328
Mine rises up