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Narrator: Now America's War on
Drugs enters its third decade.

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Stratton:
He was owned, lock, stock,
and barrel, by drug dealers.

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Gates: Do you know
who is supporting the enemy?

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The casual drug user.

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Parenti: The militarization
begins in Los Angeles.

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Woman: Jury deliberations
continued today

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in the trial of four
Los Angeles police officers.

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De la Cruz: Daryl Gates
created this approach,

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and that's what
started the riot.

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Grim: Mother's little helper,
the little pill that was meant

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to make the lives of American
housewives tolerable.

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-Does it look good?
-Yeah.

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Arnold: We'd been partying
like a week straight,

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Got FBI. I got DEA.

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I said, "Where's AC/DC at?"

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Grim: When Kurt Cobain dies,

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Bill Clinton even calls it
a culture of death.

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I experimented with marijuana
a time or two,

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and I didn't like it.

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St. Pierre: The perfect answer
became, "I didn't inhale."

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De la Cruz: Drugs is big money,
and NAFTA was big money.

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Parenti: It's not only that more
people are going to prison,

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but it's that people
are staying for longer.

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President Clinton:
Our great challenge is
to take our streets back.

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Let us stick with the strategy
that's working

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and keep the crime rate
coming down.

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I was in prison
when the Berlin Wall fell,

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and I remember
watching TV every day.

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[ Cheers and applause ]

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The Cold War was ending,

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and there was tremendous
pressure on Bush

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to try to do something
about the drug menace.

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Narrator:
It's been 18 years since
the War on Drugs was declared.

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Newly elected president
George H.W. Bush

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has been in office seven months

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when he addresses
the nation live on TV.

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This is crack cocaine.

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It's as innocent-looking
as candy.

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But it's turning our cities
into battle zones.

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Narrator: Bush has ordered
the invasion of Panama.

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It's the first war
of the War on Drugs.

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Wright:
When the U.S. invaded Panama
under George Bush's direction,

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it was unprecedented,
because, for the first time,

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the United States military
was being called upon

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to invade a country
to topple one man.

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[ Engine starts ]

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[ Engine revs ]

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Narrator: Outside
the presidential estate

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is Panama's leader...[ Shouts in Spanish ]

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Narrator:
...Manuel Noriega.

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He has turned his country

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into a center
of the international drug trade.

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Farah:
Panama was this meeting ground.

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If you pay the right price

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to the right person,

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pretty much anything can happen.

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Narrator: Noriega owes much
of his wealth to doing business

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with some of the biggest
drug lords in the world,

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including Pablo Escobar.

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Stratton:
He was completely corrupt.

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Owned lock, stock, and barrel
by drug dealers.

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When you got the top guy
in your pocket,

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the country is yours.

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[ Men speaking indistinctly ]

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Parenti:
The U.S. had been intervening

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in Central America for decades.

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But what was perhaps
new and different

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about the Panama Invasion

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was the -- the role of drugs

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in its justification.

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Narrator: American troops
quickly subdue Noriega's army.

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But when they kick in the door
of his lavish home,

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they're surprised
by what they find.

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A lot of red women's underwear,

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cocaine, machetes
for Satanic rituals.

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The U.S. intelligence community
had had some inkling

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he'd become more sort of
in his own, little, weird world.

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I don't know if they realized

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how far off the rails
he had gone.

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Narrator: President Bush offers
a million-dollar reward

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for Noriega's capture,

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and 24,000 troops fan out
across the country

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in the largest manhunt
in American history.

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His picture will be
in every post office in town.

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That's the way it works.

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He's a fugitive drug dealer.

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The interesting thing
about Noriega's relationship

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with the U.S. was,

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not only was he
involved and in bed

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with these big Colombian
drug dealers,

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he was also a CIA asset,

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so he had his relationship
with the Bush administration.

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Narrator:
Noriega's ties to the CIA

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go back to the early days
of the Cold War.

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As a young officer,
he provides information

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on Fidel Castro's
Cuban revolution.

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In the '80s, Noriega is enlisted

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in Reagan's fight
against Communism.

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Noriega offers to help the CIA

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fight its covert Contra war
in Nicaragua,

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which had become entangled
with cocaine trafficking.

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[ Shouting in Spanish ]

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But there's a-a piece
to the story

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that -- that's --
that's missing.

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Panama was created
to be kind of like

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the Switzerland
of Latin America.

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In the 1980s, the CIA

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was using these banks
to launder money

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to pay for secret activities
in Central America.

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And when General Noriega became
the head of Panama,

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he became the trustee

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of this secret CIA
banking system.

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But he started inviting
Pablo Escobar

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and other narco traffickers

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to do their banking in Panama.

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Man:
Good morning, Panama.

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Narrator:
With American troops closing in,

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Noriega flees
to the Vatican's embassy,

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where he's given sanctuary.

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But the U.S. Army
surrounds the embassy

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and begins blasting rock music
24 hours a day

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to drive him out.

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[ Rock music plays ]

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Soldiers phone in requests

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for songs like "Paranoid"
by Black Sabbath

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and Van Halen's "Panama."

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[ Rock guitar playing ]

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Undeterred, Noriega takes
to the radio

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to rally his supporters
to battle.

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[ Speaking Spanish]

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[ Crowd shouting in Spanish ]

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Narrator:
But Noriega is surrounded by
the world's most powerful army

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and a mob that wants his head.

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When he finally gives up 10 days
later, it's agents from the DEA

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that cuff him and charge him
as a drug trafficker.

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Wright: George Bush
had to take out our ally

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because he violated
the sacred trust

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of being the leader of Panama.

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The U.S. had to go in

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and break open those
narco trafficker piggy banks,

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get the money out,

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and give the DEA a road map

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to go after these cartels
in the early '90s.

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Narrator: As one boss
is brought down in Panama,

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next door,
another is about to rise.

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Wright: Cocaine is often still
being processed in Colombia,

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but it wasn't being
shipped as frequently

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through the traditional routes
of Florida.

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Things were changing.

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Pablo Escobar was on the run.

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Others had been eliminated.

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One thing that's true
about the War on Drugs

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is that every time
you eliminate one leader,

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somebody else gets a promotion.

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It's a law of physics almost.

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This is what began
to happen in Mexico.

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Narrator:
On this plane is a powerful

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yet little-known
Mexican drug trafficker

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who's come to Cali, Colombia,
to make a deal

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that will change
the War on Drugs.

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[ Men conversing in Spanish ]

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Amado Carrillo Fuentes, born
in the Mexican state of Sinaloa,

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where locals worship
a drug-trafficking saint,

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and his favorite uncle
is a legendary smuggler.

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Amado Carrillo Fuentes
was a-a really strong,

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strong thinker
and functioned more as a C.E.O.

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than he ever did
as a drug trafficker.

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He determined that he could
advance his objectives

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by dealing directly
with the Colombians.

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[ Speaks Spanish ]

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Narrator:
Carrillo is here to make a deal
with representatives

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of one of Colombia's
most powerful cartels,

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the Cali Cartel,

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controlled by two brothers,

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Miguel and Gilberto
Rodriguez-Orejuela.

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Man:
We can do more here.

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For a decade, the brothers have
had a gentleman's agreement

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with Pablo Escobar's
more powerful Medellín Cartel

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to divide up
cocaine distribution

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in the United States.

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But when Escobar gains control
over 70% of the market,

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he becomes public enemy
number one in Colombia,

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and the Cali Cartel
sees the opportunity to expand.

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The Cali Cartel wants to move

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more cocaine
into the United States.

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And the Mexican has a plan.

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Amado determined
that the Colombians

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were always receiving
the lion's share,

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so he thought he'd be
a little bit more sinister.

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He said to them,

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"For every kilogram
that I transship for you,

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you pay me in product.
You give me one half-kilogram."

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So the Colombians thought
to themselves, "Hey, no money.

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We'll just synthesize more."

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But then he started to deluge
west-of-the-Mississippi markets

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with his own product,
gnawing at their market share.

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He started flying literally
commercial-airline loads

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of cocaine into Mexico.

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He had his own fleet.

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That's when
Amado Carrillo Fuentes

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00:11:02,270 --> 00:11:05,230
became known
as Lord of the Skies.

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00:11:05,273 --> 00:11:07,413
The Mexicans started to dominate

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00:11:07,449 --> 00:11:10,189
the cocaine market
in North America.

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Absolute brilliance.

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00:11:12,672 --> 00:11:15,202
Narrator:
With General Noriega behind bars

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00:11:15,239 --> 00:11:18,159
and Pablo Escobar
under increasing pressure,

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00:11:18,199 --> 00:11:21,679
the Cali and Mexican Cartels
are free to take over

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00:11:21,724 --> 00:11:24,604
and flood the United States
with cheap cocaine.

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00:11:26,076 --> 00:11:28,906
♪♪

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00:11:41,091 --> 00:11:43,311
[ Gunfire ]

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00:11:49,273 --> 00:11:50,973
In the early '90s,

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00:11:51,014 --> 00:11:54,284
the flow of cocaine
coming into L.A. via Mexico

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00:11:54,322 --> 00:11:58,722
has made the city the center
of the crack-cocaine epidemic.

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00:11:58,761 --> 00:12:00,721
[ Gunfire continues ]

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00:12:08,249 --> 00:12:09,769
Battles over the crack trade

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00:12:09,816 --> 00:12:12,776
turn the streets
into a war zone.

217
00:12:12,819 --> 00:12:17,779
L.A. County sees
over 2,500 murders in 1992,

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00:12:17,824 --> 00:12:19,914
over 7 a day.

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00:12:19,956 --> 00:12:22,176
[ Gunfire continues ]

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00:12:25,657 --> 00:12:28,657
De la Cruz: Most people don't
understand that even though

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00:12:28,704 --> 00:12:30,924
the crack epidemic

222
00:12:30,967 --> 00:12:33,487
started in the '80s,

223
00:12:33,535 --> 00:12:36,795
at the height
of the crack epidemic,

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homicide skyrocketed in 1992.

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00:12:44,851 --> 00:12:46,501
Everybody's carrying guns.

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Smoke some crack cocaine,
and you see somebody,

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00:12:49,377 --> 00:12:50,857
and you perceive
that individual

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00:12:50,900 --> 00:12:53,080
to look
at you disrespectfully,

229
00:12:53,120 --> 00:12:54,510
you're gonna kill him.

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00:12:54,556 --> 00:12:57,426
[ Sirens wailing,
police radio chatter ]

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Narrator: With Los Angeles
flooded with crack cocaine,

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00:13:00,301 --> 00:13:03,521
the streets are
about to explode.

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00:13:03,565 --> 00:13:05,955
And two of America's
most notorious gangs,

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00:13:06,002 --> 00:13:07,442
the Bloods and Crips,

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00:13:07,482 --> 00:13:09,702
will find surprising
common ground.

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00:13:20,582 --> 00:13:22,282
O0 C1Narrator: By the early 1990s,

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00:13:22,323 --> 00:13:25,723
the crack epidemic
has leveled inner-city America.

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00:13:25,761 --> 00:13:30,241
Crime and murder rates
are at all-time highs.

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00:13:30,287 --> 00:13:32,857
Los Angeles has been flooded
with crack cocaine

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00:13:32,899 --> 00:13:34,859
sold by two street gangs,

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00:13:34,901 --> 00:13:36,601
Bloods...

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00:13:36,641 --> 00:13:38,121
and Crips.

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00:13:38,165 --> 00:13:42,255
[ Sirens wailing ]

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00:13:42,299 --> 00:13:44,209
♪ [ Rapping ] I'm down by law
and I Crip my way around

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00:13:44,258 --> 00:13:45,868
♪ Too much

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00:13:45,912 --> 00:13:47,872
Both: ♪ Too many Crips,
it's too much ♪

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Sherrills: Growing up in Watts,
we didn't have the more positive

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00:13:50,525 --> 00:13:52,735
black role models --
the Martins, the Malcolms.

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00:13:52,788 --> 00:13:54,698
So gangsters, drug dealers --

250
00:13:54,746 --> 00:13:59,396
these became
our new role models.

251
00:13:59,447 --> 00:14:00,707
I was one of those young guys

252
00:14:00,752 --> 00:14:01,882
who was a street dealer,

253
00:14:01,928 --> 00:14:02,968
small street dealer,

254
00:14:03,016 --> 00:14:03,966
who sold crack

255
00:14:04,017 --> 00:14:05,887
just for survival purposes.

256
00:14:05,932 --> 00:14:09,412
90% of the community
was involved in selling drugs.

257
00:14:09,457 --> 00:14:11,977
We seen, um,
the violence, death.

258
00:14:12,025 --> 00:14:14,505
We're surrounded by crack,
people being murdered,

259
00:14:14,549 --> 00:14:18,469
and Watts was looking like
a third-world country.

260
00:14:18,509 --> 00:14:21,299
Narrator: The crack trade is
so dangerous for gang members,

261
00:14:21,338 --> 00:14:23,648
traveling a few blocks
outside your turf

262
00:14:23,688 --> 00:14:26,338
could mean a death sentence.

263
00:14:26,387 --> 00:14:30,387
Often, it meant Blood against
Blood, Crip against Crip.

264
00:14:33,350 --> 00:14:36,960
In charge of stopping
the violence -- Daryl Gates,

265
00:14:37,006 --> 00:14:39,966
L.A.'s hard-as-nails top cop.

266
00:14:40,009 --> 00:14:43,229
We have a war, a shooting war,

267
00:14:43,273 --> 00:14:45,103
not in the Middle East
right now.

268
00:14:45,145 --> 00:14:47,965
We have it on the streets
of every major city

269
00:14:48,017 --> 00:14:50,537
in this country.

270
00:14:50,585 --> 00:14:54,145
And you know who's feeding
and supporting

271
00:14:54,197 --> 00:14:57,027
the enemy?

272
00:14:57,070 --> 00:14:59,330
The casual drug user.

273
00:14:59,376 --> 00:15:01,936
Narrator: Gates creates
an elite paramilitary unit

274
00:15:01,988 --> 00:15:05,598
he calls Community Resources
Against Street Hoodlums,

275
00:15:05,643 --> 00:15:07,473
or CRASH.

276
00:15:07,515 --> 00:15:10,865
[ Sirens wailing,
gunfire ]

277
00:15:10,910 --> 00:15:13,430
Gates launches raids
with military names

278
00:15:13,477 --> 00:15:15,127
like Operation Hammer.

279
00:15:17,394 --> 00:15:19,884
[ Man shouts indistinctly ]

280
00:15:19,919 --> 00:15:22,439
In one weekend,
nearly 1,500 people

281
00:15:22,486 --> 00:15:24,746
are rounded up and arrested.

282
00:15:24,793 --> 00:15:27,453
Dozens of officers
raid apartment buildings,

283
00:15:27,491 --> 00:15:29,451
punching in walls,

284
00:15:29,493 --> 00:15:31,323
even leaving their own graffiti

285
00:15:31,365 --> 00:15:33,495
on the sides of buildings.

286
00:15:36,805 --> 00:15:38,015
[ Explosion ]

287
00:15:38,067 --> 00:15:40,677
[ Indistinct shouting ]

288
00:15:43,507 --> 00:15:46,027
Sherrills:
The Los Angeles Police
Department up under Daryl Gates,

289
00:15:46,075 --> 00:15:49,245
they was kind of looked at
as gang members themselves.

290
00:15:49,296 --> 00:15:51,646
I mean, it's like, man,
they was untouchables.

291
00:15:53,474 --> 00:15:56,134
Keep your hands
where I can see them, partner.

292
00:15:56,172 --> 00:15:58,002
Man: [ Over radio ]
It appears -- appears to be

293
00:15:58,044 --> 00:15:59,524
three male blacks in a vehicle.

294
00:15:59,567 --> 00:16:01,737
It's a white, uh, Hyundai,
I believe.

295
00:16:01,786 --> 00:16:04,266
Narrator:
But on March 3, 1991,

296
00:16:04,311 --> 00:16:07,791
relations between the LAPD
and the citizens they police

297
00:16:07,836 --> 00:16:10,006
take a darker turn.

298
00:16:10,056 --> 00:16:12,966
♪♪

299
00:16:30,990 --> 00:16:32,900
Parenti:
It's not just about Rodney King.

300
00:16:32,948 --> 00:16:35,118
It's about this entire regime

301
00:16:35,168 --> 00:16:37,208
of policing that has grown

302
00:16:37,257 --> 00:16:38,907
more and more intense.

303
00:16:41,087 --> 00:16:44,567
The police were being told

304
00:16:44,612 --> 00:16:46,222
for now 20 years

305
00:16:46,266 --> 00:16:48,306
that they were fighting a war,

306
00:16:48,355 --> 00:16:51,875
that more and more
of the public was the enemy.

307
00:16:51,923 --> 00:16:55,623
And thus, war is the appropriate
set of methodology.

308
00:17:02,456 --> 00:17:05,326
Narrator:
A year after the King beating,
while a jury deliberates

309
00:17:05,372 --> 00:17:08,112
the fate
of the officers charged,

310
00:17:08,157 --> 00:17:12,937
in South Central L.A., something
extraordinary is happening.

311
00:17:12,988 --> 00:17:16,248
A movement is brewing to bring
peace to the warring gangs --

312
00:17:16,296 --> 00:17:19,076
a truce
between Crips and Bloods.

313
00:17:22,215 --> 00:17:26,605
In order for us to get
the respect of law enforcement

314
00:17:26,654 --> 00:17:29,184
it's that we had
to respect ourselves first.

315
00:17:32,747 --> 00:17:36,397
Narrator: Inspired by the 1982
Egypt-Israel peace agreement,

316
00:17:36,446 --> 00:17:39,186
Crip O.G. Duade Sherrills calls

317
00:17:39,232 --> 00:17:41,192
a meeting of rival gang leaders.

318
00:17:41,234 --> 00:17:43,934
[ Men shouting indistinctly ]

319
00:17:43,975 --> 00:17:45,755
Sherrills:
The Israelis and Arabs --

320
00:17:45,803 --> 00:17:48,853
these people
have a relationship in blood.

321
00:17:48,893 --> 00:17:53,553
We had Crips and Bloods
fighting each other

322
00:17:53,594 --> 00:17:57,124
who was really
just black Americans

323
00:17:57,163 --> 00:17:59,643
fighting over a color.

324
00:17:59,687 --> 00:18:01,857
We started drafting a truce

325
00:18:01,906 --> 00:18:05,256
that fits the scenario
of the environment

326
00:18:05,301 --> 00:18:07,131
in which we was comin' from --

327
00:18:07,173 --> 00:18:09,743
no jobs, poor education,

328
00:18:09,784 --> 00:18:12,354
gangs, drugs.

329
00:18:12,395 --> 00:18:15,875
Man: Listen, y'all,
we got to take this back. Yo.

330
00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:18,750
Narrator: There had been over
800 gang-related homicides

331
00:18:18,793 --> 00:18:21,143
in L.A. that year alone.

332
00:18:21,187 --> 00:18:23,837
Listen, listen.
We need to calm it down.

333
00:18:23,885 --> 00:18:26,015
Are the drugs really that good
in y'all neighborhood?

334
00:18:26,061 --> 00:18:28,021
That ain't the kind of money
that y'all want to be giving

335
00:18:28,063 --> 00:18:31,153
to y'all's kids.
This is our community.

336
00:18:31,197 --> 00:18:32,717
Sherrills:
It was difficult and hard.

337
00:18:32,763 --> 00:18:34,423
We talking about gang wars

338
00:18:34,461 --> 00:18:36,381
between all these different
rival neighborhoods.

339
00:18:36,419 --> 00:18:37,679
We got people who been shot.

340
00:18:37,725 --> 00:18:39,205
We got people that was in prison

341
00:18:39,248 --> 00:18:42,118
based upon participation
in some of these wars,

342
00:18:42,164 --> 00:18:45,174
and didn't nobody believe
that it was possible.

343
00:18:45,211 --> 00:18:47,041
Narrator:
But after years of warfare

344
00:18:47,082 --> 00:18:49,652
fueled by
the crack-cocaine explosion,

345
00:18:49,693 --> 00:18:51,613
the gangs agree to a truce.

346
00:18:51,652 --> 00:18:53,222
-Let's do this. Let's do this.
-Shake my hand.

347
00:18:53,262 --> 00:18:55,182
Let's do this, homey.
That's right. That's right.

348
00:18:55,221 --> 00:18:58,751
Sherrills: Being that we was
some of the most notorious sects

349
00:18:58,789 --> 00:19:01,439
in the city of Los Angeles,
if we can unify,

350
00:19:01,488 --> 00:19:03,268
then they can unify.

351
00:19:03,316 --> 00:19:04,966
-But it's a black thing, now.
-It's a black thing.

352
00:19:05,013 --> 00:19:08,063
It's a black thing. Crips and
Bloods are getting together.

353
00:19:08,103 --> 00:19:10,673
Narrator: As the word spreads,
celebrations break out

354
00:19:10,714 --> 00:19:12,934
across South Central.

355
00:19:12,977 --> 00:19:16,197
Talking about
hundreds of young men and women

356
00:19:16,242 --> 00:19:19,902
converging on
a whole neighborhood

357
00:19:19,941 --> 00:19:21,861
that they was at war with.

358
00:19:21,899 --> 00:19:24,599
Mothers crying.
The word is circulating now.

359
00:19:24,641 --> 00:19:30,041
We unifying, getting the
opportunity to know one another.

360
00:19:30,081 --> 00:19:33,691
Narrator: But two days later,
the celebrations will stop.

361
00:19:45,749 --> 00:19:47,749
Woman: Jury deliberations
continued today

362
00:19:47,795 --> 00:19:49,835
in the trial of four
Los Angeles police officers

363
00:19:49,884 --> 00:19:52,674
accused of beating
motorist Rodney King.

364
00:19:52,713 --> 00:19:55,283
[ Camera shutters clicking ]

365
00:19:55,324 --> 00:19:58,154
Narrator: The city is on edge
as it awaits the verdict

366
00:19:58,197 --> 00:20:00,197
in the Rodney King beating.

367
00:20:00,242 --> 00:20:02,422
During the trial,
the police testified

368
00:20:02,462 --> 00:20:04,422
that King was high on PCP

369
00:20:04,464 --> 00:20:08,034
and displaying
superhuman strength.

370
00:20:08,076 --> 00:20:11,596
I've seen this man shot
with a Taser,

371
00:20:11,645 --> 00:20:13,855
um, hit with a baton,

372
00:20:13,908 --> 00:20:17,558
and it was a powerful
blow in the head,

373
00:20:17,607 --> 00:20:19,777
and, uh, he was still
on his feet.

374
00:20:19,827 --> 00:20:23,567
[ Crowd shouting angrily ]

375
00:20:23,613 --> 00:20:25,183
De la Cruz:
The people in the community,

376
00:20:25,224 --> 00:20:27,704
they're watching this,
and they're already angry.

377
00:20:27,748 --> 00:20:29,708
And they see themselves

378
00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:31,710
as -- as Rodney King.

379
00:20:31,752 --> 00:20:33,622
"I am Rodney King,

380
00:20:33,667 --> 00:20:35,627
because
they've done that to me,"

381
00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:37,319
you know?
And there's thousands of people

382
00:20:37,366 --> 00:20:39,976
that that has happened to.
And they're watching this,

383
00:20:40,021 --> 00:20:42,461
and they're going, "Man, okay."

384
00:20:45,026 --> 00:20:48,326
Man: We the jury find
the defendant Stacey C. Koon

385
00:20:48,377 --> 00:20:50,247
not guilty
of the crime of assault

386
00:20:50,292 --> 00:20:52,902
by force likely to produce
great bodily injury

387
00:20:52,947 --> 00:20:54,377
and with a deadly weapon.

388
00:20:54,427 --> 00:20:57,037
[ Sirens wailing ]

389
00:20:57,081 --> 00:21:00,001
♪♪

390
00:21:04,437 --> 00:21:06,087
[ Glass shattering ]

391
00:21:18,494 --> 00:21:20,674
[ Man shouting indistinctly ]

392
00:21:25,893 --> 00:21:27,943
Narrator:
Over 60 people die

393
00:21:27,982 --> 00:21:32,732
and a billion dollars
goes up in flames.

394
00:21:32,769 --> 00:21:35,209
Sherrills: Anytime you have
a citizenry base

395
00:21:35,250 --> 00:21:38,430
who historically was segregated,

396
00:21:38,471 --> 00:21:41,341
who was, uh, oppressed,

397
00:21:41,387 --> 00:21:44,867
and who was never given
opportunities outside drugs,

398
00:21:44,912 --> 00:21:46,652
then it adds up and it adds up,

399
00:21:46,696 --> 00:21:49,306
then it adds up,
then it boils over.

400
00:21:49,351 --> 00:21:54,971
It led to the destruction
of their own communities.

401
00:21:55,009 --> 00:21:58,229
Narrator: After the smoke
clears, gang leaders speak out,

402
00:21:58,273 --> 00:22:01,103
asking for alternatives
to the drug trade.

403
00:22:01,145 --> 00:22:02,965
[ Sirens wailing ]

404
00:22:07,543 --> 00:22:10,073
Bogard: I'm talking about
a future for my people,

405
00:22:10,111 --> 00:22:11,901
for me, for all my people.

406
00:22:11,939 --> 00:22:13,239
I'm talking about,
give us a future.

407
00:22:13,288 --> 00:22:15,678
Give us a start
to be independent

408
00:22:15,725 --> 00:22:18,075
so we can help ourselves,
help our people, help our kids,

409
00:22:18,119 --> 00:22:22,119
give them something positive
to look at Daddy for.

410
00:22:22,166 --> 00:22:25,516
Narrator:
The streets of South Central
become noticeably safer.

411
00:22:25,561 --> 00:22:27,301
Murder rates plummet.

412
00:22:30,218 --> 00:22:34,048
Did the violence decrease
as a reaction to the riots

413
00:22:34,091 --> 00:22:38,361
or because of a now-forgotten
truce between gang members?

414
00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:41,710
The reasons are still debated.

415
00:22:41,751 --> 00:22:43,931
Man:
Gates must go! Gates must go!

416
00:22:43,971 --> 00:22:47,541
Narrator: But for Daryl Gates,
his war on drugs is over.

417
00:22:47,583 --> 00:22:50,243
Gates must go! Gates must go!

418
00:22:50,281 --> 00:22:52,981
Gates: I go out of office
without a tinge of anger,

419
00:22:53,023 --> 00:22:55,033
without a tinge of bitterness.

420
00:22:55,069 --> 00:22:58,459
I've had fun. This has been
the grandest trip of my life.

421
00:22:58,507 --> 00:23:00,987
I loved every moment of it,
and I love every moment

422
00:23:01,031 --> 00:23:03,601
right down
to the very last moment.

423
00:23:03,643 --> 00:23:06,303
Thank you very much.[ Applause ]

424
00:23:06,341 --> 00:23:10,081
Parenti:
The story of the militarization
of American policing

425
00:23:10,127 --> 00:23:12,427
begins in many ways
in Los Angeles.

426
00:23:12,478 --> 00:23:15,388
That is the first
police department

427
00:23:15,437 --> 00:23:17,437
to start incorporating

428
00:23:17,483 --> 00:23:19,533
the methods
of counterinsurgency

429
00:23:19,572 --> 00:23:22,922
from America's foreign wars
directly into policing.

430
00:23:22,966 --> 00:23:25,926
The country was given a choice,

431
00:23:25,969 --> 00:23:29,149
and what happened was it doubled
down on the War on Drugs.

432
00:23:29,190 --> 00:23:32,240
♪♪

433
00:23:45,859 --> 00:23:49,379
Narrator: In the heartland,
a new drug is taking off,

434
00:23:49,428 --> 00:23:53,298
fueled by the sister
of a Hollywood star.

435
00:23:53,344 --> 00:23:56,484
Arnold: 'Cause everybody hears
the -- the Mexican drug lords.

436
00:23:56,522 --> 00:23:58,522
I mean,
that's what you see on TV.

437
00:23:58,567 --> 00:24:00,257
So I never considered myself
a drug dealer,

438
00:24:00,308 --> 00:24:02,438
and then I realized I was one.

439
00:24:06,053 --> 00:24:07,623
O0 C1[ Indistinct shouting ]

440
00:24:07,663 --> 00:24:10,143
Narrator:
In the early 1990s,

441
00:24:10,187 --> 00:24:13,407
crack cocaine is devastating
America's inner cities.

442
00:24:18,369 --> 00:24:20,329
But in the heartland,

443
00:24:20,371 --> 00:24:25,031
another just-as-powerful drug
is quietly gaining popularity

444
00:24:25,072 --> 00:24:28,822
and will give rise
to an unlikely drug lord.

445
00:24:28,858 --> 00:24:31,638
I grew up in kind of
a back-in-time town, I guess.

446
00:24:31,687 --> 00:24:34,387
Leave your doors open.

447
00:24:37,432 --> 00:24:39,222
I have five brothers,
one sister.

448
00:24:39,260 --> 00:24:41,610
Yeah, just a regular family,
kind of.

449
00:24:41,654 --> 00:24:43,394
[ Chuckles ]

450
00:24:43,438 --> 00:24:44,918
I grew up pretty quick.

451
00:24:44,961 --> 00:24:47,791
Junior high school
drinking Mad Dog 20/20

452
00:24:47,834 --> 00:24:49,664
out front of the school.

453
00:24:49,705 --> 00:24:52,525
Back then, black beauties,
Christmas trees, pink hearts,

454
00:24:52,578 --> 00:24:55,228
that and -- and pot.

455
00:24:55,276 --> 00:24:59,496
Narrator:
Lori Arnold is the sister
of Hollywood star Tom Arnold,

456
00:24:59,541 --> 00:25:03,501
at the time, the sister-in-law
of Roseanne Barr.

457
00:25:03,545 --> 00:25:07,025
First married at 14,
by the time she's 20,

458
00:25:07,070 --> 00:25:09,550
she's living in a riverfront
shack with her infant son

459
00:25:09,595 --> 00:25:11,335
and her husband, Floyd,

460
00:25:11,379 --> 00:25:14,689
who runs a motorcycle gang
called the Grim Reapers.

461
00:25:14,730 --> 00:25:16,560
Arnold's life changes

462
00:25:16,602 --> 00:25:20,302
when Floyd's brother offers her
a line of a new drug.

463
00:25:20,344 --> 00:25:22,484
And you didn't have to snort
a lot of it, so you just --

464
00:25:22,521 --> 00:25:24,351
We'd just have a little line
to start with.

465
00:25:24,392 --> 00:25:27,702
It burns, and then once
you get past that part,

466
00:25:27,743 --> 00:25:30,623
then the feeling starts.

467
00:25:30,659 --> 00:25:34,399
Narrator: First sold
as a cure-all for fatigue,

468
00:25:34,445 --> 00:25:37,135
methamphetamine affects
the central nervous system,

469
00:25:37,187 --> 00:25:38,837
instantly giving users

470
00:25:38,885 --> 00:25:40,625
a heightened sense
of focus and energy.

471
00:25:41,931 --> 00:25:44,591
Adolf Hitler is high on meth
for most the war.

472
00:25:44,630 --> 00:25:46,110
Nazi soldiers take it

473
00:25:46,153 --> 00:25:48,203
so they can fight for days
without sleep.

474
00:25:49,504 --> 00:25:53,074
Meth first takes hold in
the United States in the 1950s,

475
00:25:53,116 --> 00:25:54,856
when it becomes popular
with bikers,

476
00:25:54,901 --> 00:25:56,861
sleep-starved truckers,

477
00:25:56,903 --> 00:25:59,253
and adrenaline-junkie surfers.

478
00:25:59,296 --> 00:26:01,206
t America's biggest
amphetamine users

479
00:26:01,255 --> 00:26:04,165
are the ones
you might not expect.

480
00:26:04,214 --> 00:26:07,704
Announcer: American women often
have the deciding voice

481
00:26:07,740 --> 00:26:10,530
in whatever we come to buy.

482
00:26:10,569 --> 00:26:12,529
Grim: It was known for years
as "mother's little helper,"

483
00:26:12,571 --> 00:26:15,621
the little pill that was meant
to make the boring lives

484
00:26:15,661 --> 00:26:18,321
of American housewives
more tolerable.

485
00:26:18,359 --> 00:26:20,839
You would actually see
in magazine ads

486
00:26:20,883 --> 00:26:23,493
for those drugs
directed at housewives.

487
00:26:23,538 --> 00:26:27,058
Announcer: Red devils.
Blue amphetamines.

488
00:26:27,107 --> 00:26:29,717
Grim: U.S. government decided
that it was gonna crack down

489
00:26:29,762 --> 00:26:32,682
on the number of pep pills
that -- that were being made,

490
00:26:32,721 --> 00:26:35,251
which then created
the -- the underground market.

491
00:26:39,685 --> 00:26:42,035
Narrator: Arnold takes
a couple of grams to a local bar

492
00:26:42,078 --> 00:26:45,728
and offers some to friends.

493
00:26:45,778 --> 00:26:48,648
We all did lines in the bathroom
on the toilet tank.

494
00:26:48,694 --> 00:26:50,574
[ Laughs ]

495
00:26:50,609 --> 00:26:51,779
About a half-hour later,

496
00:26:51,827 --> 00:26:53,657
everybody's just talking
and dancing

497
00:26:53,699 --> 00:26:55,349
and having a good time
and everything

498
00:26:55,396 --> 00:26:57,616
and wanted more of that stuff.

499
00:26:57,659 --> 00:27:00,709
[ People squealing,
talking indistinctly ]

500
00:27:00,749 --> 00:27:03,359
So I just started selling
to just make some extra money.

501
00:27:03,404 --> 00:27:05,284
I lived in this $6,000 cabin.

502
00:27:05,319 --> 00:27:07,669
Didn't have heat,
didn't have running water.

503
00:27:07,713 --> 00:27:09,323
I started with just
a little bit,

504
00:27:09,366 --> 00:27:11,276
an 8 ball -- 3 1/2 grams.

505
00:27:11,325 --> 00:27:15,065
So I'd get $25 for 1/4 gram.

506
00:27:15,111 --> 00:27:17,901
And then I would get
about 5 bucks out of that.

507
00:27:17,940 --> 00:27:20,120
Sold it. My brother-in-law
got me a 1/4 ounce.

508
00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:22,470
That went same day.

509
00:27:22,510 --> 00:27:26,040
So next time,
he brought me 1/4 pound.

510
00:27:26,079 --> 00:27:28,559
Figure 100 bucks a gram,

511
00:27:28,603 --> 00:27:30,083
I had quite a bit of money,
you know?

512
00:27:30,126 --> 00:27:32,166
And I stashed it in my wall

513
00:27:32,215 --> 00:27:34,295
because I didn't know
where else to put it.

514
00:27:34,348 --> 00:27:37,918
Narrator: Soon, most
of her friends are doing meth

515
00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:40,920
and rely on her
for their next fix.

516
00:27:40,963 --> 00:27:43,103
It makes you sociable.

517
00:27:43,139 --> 00:27:45,139
It made them something
they wanted to be

518
00:27:45,185 --> 00:27:46,705
but didn't know how to be.

519
00:27:46,752 --> 00:27:48,542
Narrator: Arnold buys a bar,

520
00:27:48,579 --> 00:27:51,449
and it soon becomes
the local party spot.

521
00:27:51,495 --> 00:27:53,715
But Arnold can't get
enough product.

522
00:27:53,759 --> 00:27:56,719
So she looks for
an out-of-state connection.

523
00:27:56,762 --> 00:27:58,762
Arnold's crew
heads to California

524
00:27:58,807 --> 00:28:00,977
to meet with a Mexican supplier.

525
00:28:01,027 --> 00:28:03,677
They called themselves
Mexican Mafia.

526
00:28:03,725 --> 00:28:05,725
Whether they were or not,
I don't know.

527
00:28:05,771 --> 00:28:08,641
We got a little bit of vibe
that they might be dangerous,

528
00:28:08,687 --> 00:28:11,777
and we always kept a check
and took pictures,

529
00:28:11,820 --> 00:28:15,300
um, of the property
and what was around it

530
00:28:15,345 --> 00:28:17,385
so we could go get them
if we had to.

531
00:28:17,434 --> 00:28:19,574
We didn't want
any kind of violence

532
00:28:19,610 --> 00:28:22,270
or anything to happen
to our friends

533
00:28:22,309 --> 00:28:24,219
or us as far as it goes.
[ Chuckles ]

534
00:28:24,267 --> 00:28:26,397
But I needed them at that time

535
00:28:26,443 --> 00:28:30,933
'cause, you know, they had
good dope, and it was cheap.

536
00:28:30,970 --> 00:28:33,150
So it was just strictly
business with them.

537
00:28:36,105 --> 00:28:39,105
We keep driving
this same car out there.

538
00:28:39,152 --> 00:28:41,762
Well, we don't want
to get caught, of course.

539
00:28:41,807 --> 00:28:45,457
So I bought a car dealership,
just a small one,

540
00:28:45,506 --> 00:28:47,806
so we'd have a different car
each time.

541
00:28:47,856 --> 00:28:49,946
[ Camera shutter clicking ]

542
00:28:54,384 --> 00:28:55,394
Yes, ma'am.

543
00:28:58,214 --> 00:28:59,654
Yes, ma'am.

544
00:28:59,694 --> 00:29:02,264
The business had picked up
so much

545
00:29:02,305 --> 00:29:04,175
that we'd have to go out

546
00:29:04,220 --> 00:29:06,700
to California and Arizona
every three days.

547
00:29:09,008 --> 00:29:10,708
So we're like, "Okay, well,

548
00:29:10,749 --> 00:29:12,879
we need to either
find somewhere closer to get it

549
00:29:12,925 --> 00:29:14,315
or do it ourselves."

550
00:29:14,361 --> 00:29:16,361
So I get some, uh, books --

551
00:29:16,406 --> 00:29:20,016
science type,
like a catalogue -- and I said,

552
00:29:20,062 --> 00:29:22,672
"Okay, well, I can just
order a lab right out of here."

553
00:29:22,717 --> 00:29:25,197
So I just order parts,
bought a lab.

554
00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:29,030
Narrator:
Arnold builds a lab in a trailer

555
00:29:29,071 --> 00:29:32,161
and hires the best chemist
she can find.

556
00:29:32,205 --> 00:29:35,685
Hello? Hello?

557
00:29:35,730 --> 00:29:37,600
You in there?
You alive in there?

558
00:29:37,645 --> 00:29:39,995
[ Man speaks indistinctly ][ Speaks indistinctly ]

559
00:29:46,393 --> 00:29:48,573
So he'd go up there, three days.

560
00:29:50,353 --> 00:29:53,313
He didn't do his own stuff
until after the batch was made,

561
00:29:53,356 --> 00:29:56,616
and he'd shoot it up, because
that's the way he could tell.

562
00:29:56,664 --> 00:29:59,284
He said if this is gonna kill
him, we didn't want to sell it.

563
00:29:59,319 --> 00:30:00,539
[ Chuckles ]

564
00:30:00,581 --> 00:30:03,761
[ Breathing heavily ]

565
00:30:03,802 --> 00:30:05,062
Whoa, Nelly.

566
00:30:05,107 --> 00:30:06,587
[ Laughs ]

567
00:30:13,724 --> 00:30:16,474
Yeah, it's --
Oh, this is great.

568
00:30:17,990 --> 00:30:21,080
Narrator: The investment
in her lab pays off.

569
00:30:21,123 --> 00:30:24,043
Arnold: Instead of paying
like $10,000 a pound,

570
00:30:24,083 --> 00:30:26,263
at that point, if I was
getting it somewhere else,

571
00:30:26,302 --> 00:30:29,572
it was about $2,000 to make it.

572
00:30:29,610 --> 00:30:32,220
Narrator: At the height of her
production, she's bringing in

573
00:30:32,265 --> 00:30:35,875
hundreds of thousands of dollars
every month.

574
00:30:35,921 --> 00:30:38,881
Lower-level dealers begin
buying Arnold's pure product

575
00:30:38,924 --> 00:30:41,194
and cutting it several times,

576
00:30:41,230 --> 00:30:45,450
flooding entire regions
of the Midwest with cheap meth.

577
00:30:45,495 --> 00:30:47,145
Grim: Crystal meth
is nothing more, really,

578
00:30:47,193 --> 00:30:49,113
than some really good
amphetamine.

579
00:30:49,151 --> 00:30:52,461
And it is a product
of backyard cooks

580
00:30:52,502 --> 00:30:54,202
just simply that figured out

581
00:30:54,243 --> 00:30:57,903
they could use pseudoephedrine
to cook up meth.

582
00:31:01,947 --> 00:31:04,247
Narrator:
Getting your hands on ephedrine
or pseudoephedrine

583
00:31:04,297 --> 00:31:06,077
is as easy
as buying cold medicine

584
00:31:06,125 --> 00:31:08,515
and crushing up the tablets.

585
00:31:08,562 --> 00:31:11,572
And all of this new profit
streaming in

586
00:31:11,608 --> 00:31:14,998
does not go unnoticed
by the pharmaceutical industry.

587
00:31:15,047 --> 00:31:18,217
Grim: People understand
that a pseudoephedrine precursor

588
00:31:18,267 --> 00:31:20,697
is being used to cook up meth.

589
00:31:20,748 --> 00:31:23,268
Uh, and the pharmaceutical
industry realizes

590
00:31:23,316 --> 00:31:25,266
it's selling
an awful lot of this stuff.

591
00:31:30,105 --> 00:31:31,885
Narrator:
For the next 20 years,

592
00:31:31,933 --> 00:31:34,543
pharmaceutical companies
will fight Congress' attempts

593
00:31:34,588 --> 00:31:38,508
to regulate the precursors
for crystal meth.

594
00:31:38,548 --> 00:31:40,858
Parenti: Mainstream
pharmaceutical companies

595
00:31:40,899 --> 00:31:42,639
play an important role in --

596
00:31:42,683 --> 00:31:45,473
in this whole global
production chain.

597
00:31:45,512 --> 00:31:49,472
They don't knowingly sell these
amphetamines to drug dealers,

598
00:31:49,516 --> 00:31:51,296
but, I mean, that is the source

599
00:31:51,344 --> 00:31:53,354
that methamphetamine
is made from.

600
00:31:55,652 --> 00:31:58,312
Olsen: I did work for a number
of large manufacturers

601
00:31:58,351 --> 00:32:00,661
over my 15-year tenure
in the industry,

602
00:32:00,701 --> 00:32:03,271
and what I saw
was that market share

603
00:32:03,312 --> 00:32:06,052
and the profit and bottom line,

604
00:32:06,098 --> 00:32:09,668
you know, getting the sales
for the shareholders,

605
00:32:09,710 --> 00:32:11,970
was the primary motivation
of each company.

606
00:32:14,236 --> 00:32:16,846
Narrator: But Arnold needs
industrial amounts of chemicals,

607
00:32:16,891 --> 00:32:19,811
so she uses her used car lot
as a front.

608
00:32:19,850 --> 00:32:22,510
I could order
any of the chemicals I needed.

609
00:32:22,549 --> 00:32:24,729
So I'd -- I'd get
a 55-gallon drum.

610
00:32:24,768 --> 00:32:27,028
It cost me $55,000.

611
00:32:27,075 --> 00:32:28,855
They'd deliver it.

612
00:32:28,903 --> 00:32:30,993
Narrator:
The money starts rolling in.

613
00:32:31,036 --> 00:32:34,426
She buys a dirt-track
racing car, a 140-acre ranch,

614
00:32:34,474 --> 00:32:37,044
and 50 race horses.

615
00:32:37,085 --> 00:32:39,605
I'm driving around
in Ottumwa, Iowa,

616
00:32:39,653 --> 00:32:42,573
with a red Jaguar
and diamonds all over my hand

617
00:32:42,612 --> 00:32:45,752
and got all these houses,
and it's pretty obvious,

618
00:32:45,789 --> 00:32:48,919
but, you know, as long
as nobody's getting hurt,

619
00:32:48,967 --> 00:32:50,747
you know, I'm not
doing anything wrong,

620
00:32:50,794 --> 00:32:53,624
because I'm helping people
live, you know?

621
00:32:53,667 --> 00:32:55,057
I'm helping the economy.

622
00:32:57,062 --> 00:32:59,022
Narrator: But Federal agents
have been tracking

623
00:32:59,064 --> 00:33:01,374
Arnold's California connections,

624
00:33:01,414 --> 00:33:03,424
and they've also
been watching her.

625
00:33:03,459 --> 00:33:05,719
We'd been partying
like a week straight.

626
00:33:07,637 --> 00:33:09,897
They waited till everybody
went to bed.

627
00:33:18,735 --> 00:33:20,345
-FBI! FBI!
-FBI!

628
00:33:20,389 --> 00:33:22,129
[ Indistinct shouting ]

629
00:33:22,174 --> 00:33:23,914
Hands
where I can see them!

630
00:33:23,958 --> 00:33:26,738
Arnold: I woke up with a guy
sitting on top of me.

631
00:33:26,787 --> 00:33:28,347
All I felt was something
on my head,

632
00:33:28,397 --> 00:33:30,657
and his gun barrel's
resting on my forehead.

633
00:33:30,704 --> 00:33:32,624
Up! Up! Up!

634
00:33:32,662 --> 00:33:34,322
Hands where I can see them!
Hands where I can see them!

635
00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:37,150
Looked around. I'm like,
"Okay, I got FBI. I got DEA.

636
00:33:37,189 --> 00:33:40,369
I got OPD." I said,
"Where's AC/DC at?" you know,

637
00:33:40,409 --> 00:33:42,539
trying to make
a, you know, lighter situation

638
00:33:42,585 --> 00:33:43,405
out of the whole thing.

639
00:33:53,292 --> 00:33:57,432
The Feds charged me
with 350 pounds of meth

640
00:33:57,470 --> 00:34:01,650
and $10 million
in money laundering.

641
00:34:01,691 --> 00:34:05,171
Nobody wants to be a drug
dealer, I mean, I don't think.

642
00:34:05,217 --> 00:34:07,307
That's not
what your goal is in life.

643
00:34:09,656 --> 00:34:11,916
So I thought,
"Everybody gets bond, you know?

644
00:34:11,962 --> 00:34:13,052
So I'll get bonded out.
No big deal."

645
00:34:13,094 --> 00:34:15,104
Mnh-mnh. [ Chuckles ]

646
00:34:15,140 --> 00:34:17,710
Nope.
I didn't go home for 20 years.

647
00:34:17,751 --> 00:34:19,191
[ Laughs ] It's like --

648
00:34:19,231 --> 00:34:20,971
So, yeah, it was crazy.

649
00:34:23,104 --> 00:34:25,064
And Lori Arnold's story

650
00:34:25,106 --> 00:34:28,016
is sort of a-an exemplar story

651
00:34:28,066 --> 00:34:30,286
of the irony
of the War on Drugs.

652
00:34:30,329 --> 00:34:33,249
We're a country
that we pride ourselves

653
00:34:33,288 --> 00:34:35,118
on our entrepreneurial spirit.

654
00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:37,860
And yet we're completely baffled

655
00:34:37,901 --> 00:34:39,691
when we look at somebody
like Lori Arnold

656
00:34:39,729 --> 00:34:41,469
and ask, "Well, why would
this nice person

657
00:34:41,514 --> 00:34:44,524
from the Midwest
get into drug dealing?"

658
00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:46,390
Well, she was an American.

659
00:34:46,432 --> 00:34:49,652
It unleashed the animal spirits
of -- of her capitalism.

660
00:34:49,696 --> 00:34:53,526
And meth,
in -- in the short term for her,

661
00:34:53,569 --> 00:34:56,829
had a -- it had a wonderful
effect on her life.

662
00:34:56,877 --> 00:34:58,837
And -- And then it destroyed it,
of course.

663
00:34:59,619 --> 00:35:02,539
♪♪

664
00:35:19,073 --> 00:35:20,993
Narrator:
Eventually, the DEA

665
00:35:21,031 --> 00:35:24,471
will begin a sweeping crackdown
on domestic meth producers.

666
00:35:28,909 --> 00:35:30,299
[ Sirens wailing,
police radio chatter ]

667
00:35:30,345 --> 00:35:33,125
But new, more powerful forces

668
00:35:33,174 --> 00:35:35,744
are about to move in
to the meth business.

669
00:35:35,785 --> 00:35:38,655
Longmire: The drug market
in the United States

670
00:35:38,701 --> 00:35:40,661
is constantly changing.

671
00:35:40,703 --> 00:35:42,713
You will see
that the Mexican cartels

672
00:35:42,749 --> 00:35:44,449
take over the meth market

673
00:35:44,490 --> 00:35:45,800
in the United States

674
00:35:45,839 --> 00:35:47,279
from what was originally

675
00:35:47,319 --> 00:35:49,189
a domestic operation

676
00:35:49,234 --> 00:35:52,194
and expand their authority
over the drug trade.

677
00:36:01,681 --> 00:36:03,991
O0 C1[ Police radio chatter ]

678
00:36:04,031 --> 00:36:08,561
♪♪

679
00:36:08,601 --> 00:36:10,731
Narrator: Deep in the heart
of the Santa Monica Mountains,

680
00:36:10,777 --> 00:36:12,297
just north of Los Angeles,

681
00:36:12,344 --> 00:36:14,004
the War on Drugs

682
00:36:14,041 --> 00:36:16,571
is about to find
an unlikely victim...

683
00:36:19,089 --> 00:36:22,619
...Donald P. Scott, an eccentric
61-year-old millionaire

684
00:36:22,658 --> 00:36:25,438
who lives on a sprawling
200-acre ranch

685
00:36:25,487 --> 00:36:29,007
he calls Trail's End.

686
00:36:29,056 --> 00:36:33,056
On the morning
of October 2, 1992...

687
00:36:33,103 --> 00:36:34,713
Man:
Police department!

688
00:36:34,757 --> 00:36:36,147
...heavily armed policemen

689
00:36:36,194 --> 00:36:38,814
smash through
Scott's front door.

690
00:36:38,848 --> 00:36:40,938
Scott comes rushing downstairs

691
00:36:40,981 --> 00:36:43,511
with the pistol
he keeps for home protection.

692
00:36:45,333 --> 00:36:47,253
[ Gunshots ]

693
00:36:47,292 --> 00:36:49,472
Before he can understand
what's happening,

694
00:36:49,511 --> 00:36:54,521
police shoot Scott
two times in the chest and arm.

695
00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:56,950
Burch:
Yes, this is the Los Angeles
County sheriff's department.

696
00:36:56,997 --> 00:37:00,567
Uh, we have a, uh --
We have a gunshot victim here.

697
00:37:00,609 --> 00:37:04,309
Narrator:
Scott dies almost immediately.

698
00:37:04,352 --> 00:37:06,962
The police claim
Scott was growing marijuana,

699
00:37:07,007 --> 00:37:08,357
and they attempt
to take possession

700
00:37:08,400 --> 00:37:10,270
of the dead man's ranch

701
00:37:10,315 --> 00:37:13,705
using a powerful weapon
in the War on Drugs' arsenal --

702
00:37:13,753 --> 00:37:15,713
civil asset forfeiture.

703
00:37:15,755 --> 00:37:18,015
The laws allow federal
and state authorities

704
00:37:18,061 --> 00:37:20,111
to seize money and property

705
00:37:20,150 --> 00:37:22,410
allegedly associated
with a crime.

706
00:37:22,457 --> 00:37:26,717
Civil asset forfeiture is the
idea that not the individual,

707
00:37:26,766 --> 00:37:29,676
but property can be charged
with a crime,

708
00:37:29,725 --> 00:37:32,725
prosecuted,
taken in by the government,

709
00:37:32,772 --> 00:37:35,512
and then law enforcement
gets to keep

710
00:37:35,557 --> 00:37:38,517
almost all of those assets
within law enforcement itself.

711
00:37:40,170 --> 00:37:42,390
Narrator: The Donald Scott case
shows the potential dangers

712
00:37:42,434 --> 00:37:45,744
of asset forfeiture laws.

713
00:37:45,785 --> 00:37:47,565
When no evidence
of drug activity

714
00:37:47,613 --> 00:37:49,573
is found on the property,

715
00:37:49,615 --> 00:37:53,225
the Ventura County District
Attorney's office investigates.

716
00:37:53,271 --> 00:37:55,491
They conclude that one
of the motivations

717
00:37:55,534 --> 00:37:59,194
behind the raid
was the seizure of Scott's land.

718
00:38:01,670 --> 00:38:03,800
The police don't succeed
in seizing the ranch

719
00:38:03,846 --> 00:38:05,496
from Donald Scott's widow.

720
00:38:05,544 --> 00:38:08,114
But the case is just one
of a growing trend

721
00:38:08,155 --> 00:38:10,545
in the War on Drugs.

722
00:38:10,592 --> 00:38:13,072
[ Indistinct conversations,
police radio chatter ]

723
00:38:16,642 --> 00:38:19,302
Stratton:
It's almost a separate reality.

724
00:38:19,340 --> 00:38:23,740
People can get arrested
and have their property seized.

725
00:38:23,779 --> 00:38:25,779
They may never be
convicted of a crime.

726
00:38:25,825 --> 00:38:29,695
They may actually never even
be charged with a crime,

727
00:38:29,742 --> 00:38:32,352
but their home
could be taken from them.

728
00:38:32,397 --> 00:38:34,357
Their car could be taken
from them

729
00:38:34,399 --> 00:38:35,969
if in fact they were believed

730
00:38:36,009 --> 00:38:38,659
to have been involved
in criminal activity.

731
00:38:38,707 --> 00:38:42,357
Narrator: By 2014, authorities
will take in more money

732
00:38:42,407 --> 00:38:44,367
through civil asset forfeiture

733
00:38:44,409 --> 00:38:47,629
than was stolen in all
burglaries across the country.

734
00:38:52,373 --> 00:38:55,203
Cash, homes, cars,
and entire estates

735
00:38:55,245 --> 00:38:56,805
are taken by authorities

736
00:38:56,856 --> 00:38:59,816
from people they say
are involved in drugs.

737
00:38:59,859 --> 00:39:01,429
[ Indistinct shouting ]Police! Down!

738
00:39:01,469 --> 00:39:03,169
Police! Down!
Police! Down!

739
00:39:03,210 --> 00:39:05,130
Police! Down!

740
00:39:05,168 --> 00:39:07,258
[ Cheers and applause ]

741
00:39:12,350 --> 00:39:15,570
The 1992 presidential campaign.

742
00:39:15,614 --> 00:39:19,144
A young candidate promises
a new era in American politics.

743
00:39:19,182 --> 00:39:20,452
-Hiya, lady.
-Hi.

744
00:39:20,488 --> 00:39:22,398
-What's your name?
-Destiny.

745
00:39:22,447 --> 00:39:24,967
-Destiny!
-Destiny. What a wonderful name.

746
00:39:25,014 --> 00:39:27,284
Boy, are we glad
to meet you.

747
00:39:27,321 --> 00:39:28,801
We've been looking for you
for months.

748
00:39:28,844 --> 00:39:31,764
William Jefferson Clinton.

749
00:39:31,804 --> 00:39:33,894
Raised in rural Arkansas,

750
00:39:33,936 --> 00:39:36,676
Clinton rises to become governor
of the state,

751
00:39:36,722 --> 00:39:39,902
then the Democratic Party's
breakout star.

752
00:39:39,942 --> 00:39:44,382
I want every person in this hall

753
00:39:44,425 --> 00:39:47,425
and every person in this land

754
00:39:47,472 --> 00:39:50,652
to reach out and join us
in a great new adventure.

755
00:39:50,692 --> 00:39:54,912
♪♪

756
00:39:54,957 --> 00:39:57,047
Sherrills:
He plays saxophone.

757
00:39:57,090 --> 00:39:59,400
He was more down and more black

758
00:39:59,440 --> 00:40:01,010
than George Bush.

759
00:40:01,050 --> 00:40:02,360
So he was deemed

760
00:40:02,400 --> 00:40:04,450
as the first black president

761
00:40:04,489 --> 00:40:05,659
because he smoked weed

762
00:40:05,707 --> 00:40:07,057
and he played the saxophone.

763
00:40:07,100 --> 00:40:11,060
♪♪

764
00:40:11,104 --> 00:40:14,414
Narrator:
But when Clinton's challenged
over his alleged marijuana use,

765
00:40:14,455 --> 00:40:17,325
it becomes a defining moment
of his career.

766
00:40:17,371 --> 00:40:20,371
I experimented with marijuana
a time or two,

767
00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:22,508
and I didn't like it

768
00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:24,860
and didn't inhale
and never tried it again.

769
00:40:24,900 --> 00:40:27,900
St. Pierre: If he answered,
"Yes, I did use marijuana,"

770
00:40:27,947 --> 00:40:32,387
he lost older Democrats
who would have voted for him.

771
00:40:32,430 --> 00:40:34,870
If he said,
"No, I didn't use marijuana,"

772
00:40:34,910 --> 00:40:36,480
he lost baby boomers

773
00:40:36,521 --> 00:40:39,481
and younger folks
who don't believe him.

774
00:40:39,524 --> 00:40:43,094
So the perfect answer
ultimately became, "Yes, I did,

775
00:40:43,136 --> 00:40:44,916
but, no, I didn't inhale."

776
00:40:44,964 --> 00:40:49,194
Clinton, um, was sort of
at the head of a parade

777
00:40:49,229 --> 00:40:51,619
of disingenuous baby boomers

778
00:40:51,666 --> 00:40:55,446
about their marijuana use
or drug use in general.

779
00:40:55,496 --> 00:40:58,276
Narrator: But Clinton
can't escape the drug issue.

780
00:40:58,325 --> 00:41:01,325
The crack epidemic
is in full swing,

781
00:41:01,371 --> 00:41:04,721
and the crime rate is nearly
the highest in American history,

782
00:41:04,766 --> 00:41:08,506
with over 2 million
violent crimes in 1993 alone.

783
00:41:12,905 --> 00:41:15,465
There is a combination

784
00:41:15,516 --> 00:41:17,866
of exaggeration and hype

785
00:41:17,910 --> 00:41:19,830
and also real crisis.

786
00:41:19,868 --> 00:41:22,958
This is when crime rates

787
00:41:23,002 --> 00:41:25,792
actually peak
in the United States,

788
00:41:25,831 --> 00:41:27,621
and at the time,

789
00:41:27,659 --> 00:41:29,529
people didn't know
that it was the peak, right?

790
00:41:29,574 --> 00:41:32,624
They thought maybe it was
gonna go up, up, and up.

791
00:41:32,664 --> 00:41:37,634
A lot of us perceived
who Clinton was,

792
00:41:37,669 --> 00:41:40,059
and, you know,
it's like the great white hope

793
00:41:40,106 --> 00:41:41,186
for the black community.

794
00:41:41,237 --> 00:41:42,887
...do solemnly swear.

795
00:41:42,935 --> 00:41:46,845
I, William Jefferson Clinton,
do solemnly swear.

796
00:41:46,895 --> 00:41:48,765
Parenti:
Bill Clinton comes into office

797
00:41:48,810 --> 00:41:51,640
but faces too much pushback

798
00:41:51,683 --> 00:41:57,913
and, by 1994, is presiding over

799
00:41:57,950 --> 00:42:02,080
the biggest, baddest omnibus
criminal justice bill

800
00:42:02,128 --> 00:42:03,518
of the War on Drugs.

801
00:42:03,564 --> 00:42:05,654
For six years,

802
00:42:05,697 --> 00:42:09,737
Washington debated
a crime bill without action

803
00:42:09,788 --> 00:42:12,618
while more and more children
died

804
00:42:12,660 --> 00:42:15,970
and more and more children
became criminals.

805
00:42:16,011 --> 00:42:18,881
But today, at last,

806
00:42:18,927 --> 00:42:21,497
the waiting ends.

807
00:42:21,539 --> 00:42:24,149
[ Applause ]

808
00:42:28,763 --> 00:42:31,643
Narrator: Clinton passes
the 1994 Violent Crime Control

809
00:42:31,679 --> 00:42:33,729
and Law Enforcement Act.

810
00:42:33,768 --> 00:42:36,028
It puts 100,000 more cops
on the streets

811
00:42:36,075 --> 00:42:39,205
and earmarks billions
for new prisons.

812
00:42:39,252 --> 00:42:44,042
There was a choice, and
the answer was more drug war.

813
00:42:44,083 --> 00:42:46,833
That's the story
of the Clinton drug war.

814
00:42:46,868 --> 00:42:51,258
Stratton:
The ironic thing about it
is that as Clinton was passing

815
00:42:51,307 --> 00:42:54,617
the Omnibus Crime Control Act
of '94,

816
00:42:54,659 --> 00:42:56,359
at the same time,

817
00:42:56,399 --> 00:43:02,189
he gave international drug
traffickers a huge gift.

818
00:43:02,231 --> 00:43:05,801
Narrator:
A new trade agreement will open
the doors for Mexican cartels

819
00:43:05,844 --> 00:43:09,204
to send massive amounts of drugs
across the border.

820
00:43:11,545 --> 00:43:14,285
And a drug lord will start
eliminating the competition

821
00:43:14,330 --> 00:43:17,070
to control the lucrative trade.

822
00:43:17,116 --> 00:43:31,346
[ Gunshots, car alarm blares ]

823
00:43:31,391 --> 00:43:36,001
Narrator:
Cancun, one of Mexico's
most popular resort towns.

824
00:43:36,048 --> 00:43:38,178
-Hey, mum.
-Hi, there.

825
00:43:38,224 --> 00:43:39,574
Had a good time
on the beach here.

826
00:43:39,617 --> 00:43:42,267
-Wish you were here.
-It's 35 degrees.

827
00:43:42,315 --> 00:43:44,005
Sue's having a good birthday,
I think, yeah?

828
00:43:44,056 --> 00:43:45,136
Yeah.

829
00:43:45,187 --> 00:43:46,577
[ Indistinct conversations ]

830
00:43:46,624 --> 00:43:48,364
Narrator:
But among the tourists

831
00:43:48,408 --> 00:43:51,188
is one of the country's
most wanted drug traffickers,

832
00:43:51,237 --> 00:43:54,107
on the run
with his family in tow.

833
00:43:54,153 --> 00:43:55,763
[ Tires squeal ]

834
00:43:55,807 --> 00:43:57,807
[ Machine-gun fire ]

835
00:43:57,852 --> 00:43:59,642
[ Tires squeal ]

836
00:43:59,680 --> 00:44:04,080
[ Alarms blaring ]

837
00:44:04,119 --> 00:44:05,639
Assassins have just killed

838
00:44:05,686 --> 00:44:09,036
the Juárez Cartel's
Rafael Aguilar Guajardo,

839
00:44:09,081 --> 00:44:11,821
one of Mexico's
most powerful drug lords

840
00:44:11,866 --> 00:44:14,166
and left his son
critically wounded.

841
00:44:14,216 --> 00:44:16,566
[ Siren wailing ]

842
00:44:16,610 --> 00:44:18,310
When police arrest the killers,

843
00:44:18,351 --> 00:44:21,701
they learn they were hired
by one of his own.

844
00:44:21,746 --> 00:44:25,836
Amado Carrillo Fuentes
has now taken full control

845
00:44:25,880 --> 00:44:28,010
of the Juárez Cartel.

846
00:44:28,056 --> 00:44:31,316
♪♪

847
00:44:31,364 --> 00:44:33,414
Juárez was really the most
important border city

848
00:44:33,453 --> 00:44:35,023
when it came to smuggling drugs.

849
00:44:35,063 --> 00:44:37,073
It's not much to look at,
but for drug traffickers,

850
00:44:37,109 --> 00:44:40,719
this is an absolute Shangri-la.

851
00:44:40,765 --> 00:44:43,715
Narrator:
Juárez, Mexico, is just
on the other side of the border

852
00:44:43,768 --> 00:44:45,328
from El Paso, Texas,

853
00:44:45,378 --> 00:44:47,988
making it the perfect hub
for drug trafficking.

854
00:44:51,297 --> 00:44:52,857
The history of drug smuggling

855
00:44:52,907 --> 00:44:56,077
is all about
securing trade routes,

856
00:44:56,128 --> 00:44:58,038
from the Mafia's
control of Havana

857
00:44:58,086 --> 00:45:00,346
to move their French Connection
heroin,

858
00:45:00,393 --> 00:45:03,183
to the CIA's secret bases
in Laos

859
00:45:03,222 --> 00:45:05,572
where opium was trafficked
by the ton

860
00:45:05,615 --> 00:45:07,835
by its Air America airlines,

861
00:45:07,879 --> 00:45:10,839
to Carlos Lehder's
Bahamian private island,

862
00:45:10,882 --> 00:45:13,152
a way station
for the Medellín Cartel's

863
00:45:13,188 --> 00:45:16,148
cocaine smuggling into Florida.

864
00:45:16,191 --> 00:45:18,501
Now under Carrillo's leadership,

865
00:45:18,541 --> 00:45:21,721
the Juárez Cartel
is on the front door of the U.S.

866
00:45:24,069 --> 00:45:25,639
Along the entire border,

867
00:45:25,679 --> 00:45:28,599
of course
there will be smaller amounts

868
00:45:28,638 --> 00:45:30,858
that are transported
by motorcycles

869
00:45:30,902 --> 00:45:33,212
and any type of vehicle,
but the large amounts

870
00:45:33,252 --> 00:45:35,042
in the tractor trailers,

871
00:45:35,080 --> 00:45:38,520
they all move toward
a type of choke point.

872
00:45:38,561 --> 00:45:42,571
Juárez is connected to many
of the larger byways

873
00:45:42,609 --> 00:45:47,789
that allow for the movement
of larger amounts to the North.

874
00:45:47,832 --> 00:45:49,792
Narrator: As Carrillo
consolidates his power

875
00:45:49,834 --> 00:45:52,184
in the strategic city of Juárez,

876
00:45:52,227 --> 00:45:54,837
his main suppliers
in Cali, Colombia,

877
00:45:54,882 --> 00:45:57,322
launch a dirty war
against their rival.

878
00:45:59,887 --> 00:46:02,277
Farah: The Cali Cartel's
primary mission in life

879
00:46:02,324 --> 00:46:03,854
is to get rid of Pablo Escobar,

880
00:46:03,891 --> 00:46:05,681
so they form this group
called the Pepes,

881
00:46:05,719 --> 00:46:08,069
the People Persecuted
By Pablo Escobar.

882
00:46:08,113 --> 00:46:10,513
And they began doing what...

883
00:46:10,550 --> 00:46:12,250
the police hadn't been
willing to do

884
00:46:12,291 --> 00:46:14,031
or DEA hadn't been
willing to do.

885
00:46:14,075 --> 00:46:16,505
Narrator:
Los Pepes torture and kill

886
00:46:16,556 --> 00:46:18,506
Escobar's lawyers
and accountants.

887
00:46:18,558 --> 00:46:20,908
They burn
his antique car collection,

888
00:46:20,952 --> 00:46:24,222
kill his race horses
and their trainers,

889
00:46:24,259 --> 00:46:27,519
and attempt to destroy
everything he loves.

890
00:46:27,567 --> 00:46:32,487
And there's accusations
they have help.

891
00:46:32,528 --> 00:46:35,788
Farah: The DEA had contact
with some of the Pepes.

892
00:46:35,836 --> 00:46:39,186
What they needed was
for the DEA and the police

893
00:46:39,231 --> 00:46:40,711
to stand out of the way

894
00:46:40,754 --> 00:46:41,974
and let them do
what they wanted to do.

895
00:46:42,016 --> 00:46:44,146
[ Helicopter blades whirring ]

896
00:46:47,935 --> 00:46:49,755
Narrator:
Under pressure from Los Pepes

897
00:46:49,807 --> 00:46:51,977
and the U.S.
and Colombian governments,

898
00:46:52,026 --> 00:46:54,896
Escobar finally makes a mistake.

899
00:46:54,942 --> 00:46:58,032
♪♪

900
00:47:01,209 --> 00:47:04,469
A traced phone call leads
the DEA and the Colombian police

901
00:47:04,517 --> 00:47:06,517
to a quiet Medellín
neighborhood.

902
00:47:13,613 --> 00:47:17,703
Police have searched over 15,000
houses looking for Escobar.

903
00:47:17,747 --> 00:47:21,707
This time, they kick down
the right door.

904
00:47:21,751 --> 00:47:23,881
Escobar realized
that it was pretty much over,

905
00:47:23,928 --> 00:47:25,358
and he couldn't
go back to prison,

906
00:47:25,407 --> 00:47:28,147
so his options were to die
or to die.

907
00:47:30,673 --> 00:47:34,723
Narrator:
He hears the police downstairs
and climbs out on the roof.

908
00:47:34,764 --> 00:47:36,334
But he's surrounded.

909
00:47:36,375 --> 00:47:38,155
[ Gunfire ]

910
00:47:40,858 --> 00:47:43,378
And the most famous
drug lord in history

911
00:47:43,425 --> 00:47:45,425
goes down for good.

912
00:47:45,471 --> 00:47:48,911
[ Woman sobbing,
men shouting indistinctly ]

913
00:47:56,221 --> 00:47:58,051
When Pablo Escobar
was finally killed,

914
00:47:58,092 --> 00:47:59,922
thousands of people
turned up to his funeral

915
00:47:59,964 --> 00:48:01,274
to pay their respects,

916
00:48:01,313 --> 00:48:02,883
despite the fact
that this was a guy

917
00:48:02,923 --> 00:48:04,843
who had terrorized Colombia
for years.

918
00:48:04,882 --> 00:48:07,842
He was responsible for the
murders of thousands of people.

919
00:48:07,885 --> 00:48:10,315
And yet his public image
really was quite strong.

920
00:48:12,628 --> 00:48:14,938
Farah:
It was a rainy day,

921
00:48:14,979 --> 00:48:17,289
and there was a little chapel.

922
00:48:17,329 --> 00:48:18,939
[ Crowd chanting "Pablo!" ]

923
00:48:18,983 --> 00:48:20,643
And everybody's pushing in
around the chapel,

924
00:48:20,680 --> 00:48:23,250
to the degree they broke
all the windows in the chapel.

925
00:48:23,291 --> 00:48:25,251
And at the top
of this little knoll

926
00:48:25,293 --> 00:48:26,903
is, uh, Pablo Escobar's mother.

927
00:48:29,384 --> 00:48:31,564
She started yelling,
"Those are journalists,

928
00:48:31,604 --> 00:48:34,524
and they're responsible
for the death of my son!"

929
00:48:34,563 --> 00:48:36,133
We thought
we were just gonna be there

930
00:48:36,174 --> 00:48:38,354
sort of taking notes
and observing.

931
00:48:38,393 --> 00:48:40,003
And suddenly,
people just turned on us,

932
00:48:40,047 --> 00:48:42,137
and they were spitting at us,
kicking us.

933
00:48:42,180 --> 00:48:43,960
And we were trying to get out

934
00:48:44,008 --> 00:48:45,968
as best we could,
but it was so slippery.

935
00:48:46,010 --> 00:48:47,930
We kept falling
on the -- on the wet grass.

936
00:48:47,968 --> 00:48:49,488
And what I remember is this
sort of sense of panic.

937
00:48:49,535 --> 00:48:51,185
These guys were actually gonna
kill us.

938
00:48:51,232 --> 00:48:52,802
And the wom-- And the mother
just kept screaming.

939
00:48:52,842 --> 00:48:54,632
She just wouldn't stop.

940
00:48:54,670 --> 00:48:56,800
And we're like, "Man, we -- we
need to get out of here."

941
00:48:56,846 --> 00:49:00,976
[ Indistinct shouting ]

942
00:49:01,025 --> 00:49:03,325
Narrator: Cocaine will be made
and sold in Colombia

943
00:49:03,375 --> 00:49:05,935
long after Escobar's death.

944
00:49:05,986 --> 00:49:07,336
But as Colombian authorities

945
00:49:07,379 --> 00:49:09,819
continue pressuring
their cartels,

946
00:49:09,859 --> 00:49:13,819
the power and wealth shifts
north to the Mexican drug lords.

947
00:49:13,863 --> 00:49:15,823
And they're about to get
some unexpected help

948
00:49:15,865 --> 00:49:19,385
from an American president
who claimed he never inhaled.

949
00:49:24,874 --> 00:49:28,014
The North American Free
Trade Agreement, or NAFTA,

950
00:49:28,052 --> 00:49:30,012
is sold as a boon
for corporations

951
00:49:30,054 --> 00:49:31,664
looking to make goods cheaper

952
00:49:31,707 --> 00:49:34,707
and get them to market faster.

953
00:49:34,754 --> 00:49:36,674
This is our opportunity

954
00:49:36,712 --> 00:49:37,842
to provide an impetus

955
00:49:37,887 --> 00:49:39,107
to freedom and democracy

956
00:49:39,150 --> 00:49:40,280
in Latin America

957
00:49:40,325 --> 00:49:41,325
and create new jobs

958
00:49:41,369 --> 00:49:42,539
for America, as well.

959
00:49:42,588 --> 00:49:43,808
It's a good deal,

960
00:49:43,850 --> 00:49:44,940
and we ought to take it.

961
00:49:44,982 --> 00:49:45,982
Thank you.

962
00:49:46,026 --> 00:49:47,766
[ Applause ]

963
00:49:47,810 --> 00:49:50,990
To this day, politicians
are still facing blowback

964
00:49:51,031 --> 00:49:53,291
from the NAFTA vote,
so Bill Clinton knows

965
00:49:53,338 --> 00:49:55,638
that this is going
to be extremely close.

966
00:49:55,688 --> 00:49:58,728
And he orders he-- the DEA

967
00:49:58,778 --> 00:50:02,298
and his drug advisers
not to say word one

968
00:50:02,347 --> 00:50:06,257
about what the effect of NAFTA
is going to be.

969
00:50:06,307 --> 00:50:09,047
If the drug policy concerns
had been able to be aired

970
00:50:09,093 --> 00:50:11,103
at the time, it's quite likely

971
00:50:11,138 --> 00:50:14,358
that -- that NAFTA
would have failed.

972
00:50:14,402 --> 00:50:16,012
Narrator: NAFTA passes.

973
00:50:16,056 --> 00:50:18,886
Restrictions on trade
are all but eliminated,

974
00:50:18,928 --> 00:50:22,188
and economies on both sides
of the border benefit.

975
00:50:22,236 --> 00:50:25,756
But few benefit more
than Mexico's drug traffickers.

976
00:50:31,724 --> 00:50:35,864
Conroy: The border is not a line
in the sand. It's a zone.

977
00:50:35,902 --> 00:50:37,642
And everything that happens
in that zone

978
00:50:37,686 --> 00:50:39,686
is different than what happens
outside of it.

979
00:50:39,732 --> 00:50:43,392
The rules are different, the
game is different -- everything.

980
00:50:43,431 --> 00:50:44,651
Corruption and the drug trade,

981
00:50:44,693 --> 00:50:46,353
they're all kind of intermixed.

982
00:50:46,391 --> 00:50:48,961
[ Truck horn beeps ]

983
00:50:49,002 --> 00:50:52,532
Narrator: It's the dawn of
a new era in the War on Drugs.

984
00:50:52,571 --> 00:50:56,971
At the crossing between El Paso,
Texas, and Juárez, Mexico,

985
00:50:57,010 --> 00:51:01,150
thousands of trucks stream
across the border.

986
00:51:01,188 --> 00:51:03,968
It doesn't take long
for the cartels to think up ways

987
00:51:04,017 --> 00:51:07,887
to beat the overwhelmed
border agents.

988
00:51:07,934 --> 00:51:10,114
When Customs agents make a bust,

989
00:51:10,154 --> 00:51:14,074
sometimes it's all part
of the cartels' plan.

990
00:51:14,114 --> 00:51:16,944
De la Cruz: They will go
to the individual driver,

991
00:51:16,986 --> 00:51:18,676
and they'll say, "Look,

992
00:51:18,727 --> 00:51:21,337
you're gonna be the pitfall.

993
00:51:21,382 --> 00:51:23,472
But we're gonna take care
of your family.

994
00:51:23,515 --> 00:51:25,125
And we're gonna take care
of you."

995
00:51:25,169 --> 00:51:28,519
So they lose a small shipment

996
00:51:28,563 --> 00:51:32,313
compared to these
other large shipments.

997
00:51:32,350 --> 00:51:34,740
Let's say you have 1,400 trucks,

998
00:51:34,787 --> 00:51:37,917
and let's say
that 400 of them are crossing

999
00:51:37,964 --> 00:51:40,014
2 or 3 tons of drugs.

1000
00:51:40,053 --> 00:51:42,273
And let's say
that the Immigration

1001
00:51:42,316 --> 00:51:45,276
stops 10 of the trucks.

1002
00:51:45,319 --> 00:51:47,149
That's nothing.

1003
00:51:47,191 --> 00:51:52,241
NAFTA was a dream
for the drug cartels.

1004
00:51:52,283 --> 00:51:55,023
Drugs is big money,

1005
00:51:55,068 --> 00:51:57,848
and NAFTA was big money

1006
00:51:57,897 --> 00:52:01,547
and continues to be big money.

1007
00:52:01,596 --> 00:52:05,206
[ Laughter,
indistinct conversations ]

1008
00:52:05,252 --> 00:52:09,212
Narrator:
And no one benefits more
than Amado Carrillo Fuentes.

1009
00:52:09,256 --> 00:52:12,296
With NAFTA in effect
and Escobar dead,

1010
00:52:12,346 --> 00:52:16,956
Carrillo has a clear path
to the top of the drug trade.

1011
00:52:17,003 --> 00:52:20,793
Esquivel: He knew that money
can buy everything in Mexico.

1012
00:52:20,833 --> 00:52:22,843
[ Laughter ]

1013
00:52:22,878 --> 00:52:25,188
He was like a Robin Hood.

1014
00:52:25,229 --> 00:52:29,839
He was nice to everybody,
and everybody was nice to him.

1015
00:52:29,885 --> 00:52:33,055
That's why he has
this big network of people

1016
00:52:33,106 --> 00:52:34,366
who was protecting him.

1017
00:52:46,467 --> 00:52:49,857
Follis: When DEA started
pursuing Amado's wealth,

1018
00:52:49,905 --> 00:52:51,425
his ill-gotten gains,

1019
00:52:51,472 --> 00:52:54,912
Amado started feeling
the pressure.

1020
00:52:54,954 --> 00:52:58,704
Amado actually became
a victim of his own wealth.

1021
00:52:58,740 --> 00:53:00,220
There was too much money.

1022
00:53:00,264 --> 00:53:01,964
[ Shouts in Spanish ]

1023
00:53:08,228 --> 00:53:10,448
O0 C1[ Music playing,
indistinct conversations ]

1024
00:53:10,491 --> 00:53:13,931
Narrator: A nightclub in Seattle
at the height of grunge rock.

1025
00:53:13,973 --> 00:53:17,113
[ Rock music playing ]

1026
00:53:17,150 --> 00:53:20,200
A powerful white powder
made from a small, bright flower

1027
00:53:20,240 --> 00:53:21,630
is the drug of choice.

1028
00:53:21,676 --> 00:53:26,196
♪ Break the spell

1029
00:53:28,466 --> 00:53:31,116
♪ Make it swell

1030
00:53:31,164 --> 00:53:34,214
Man: Are you okay?

1031
00:53:34,254 --> 00:53:36,214
Somebody help! Help!

1032
00:53:36,256 --> 00:53:37,736
Narrator:
Over the past year,

1033
00:53:37,779 --> 00:53:41,389
Seattle has seen a huge increase
in overdoses,

1034
00:53:41,435 --> 00:53:44,255
all from one drug.

1035
00:53:44,308 --> 00:53:46,438
Man: Ally! Ally!

1036
00:53:46,484 --> 00:53:48,794
[ Gunshot ]

1037
00:53:50,183 --> 00:53:52,323
Narrator:
When the voice of a generation,

1038
00:53:52,359 --> 00:53:54,669
Nirvana's lead singer
Kurt Cobain,

1039
00:53:54,709 --> 00:53:57,279
kills himself with a shotgun,

1040
00:53:57,321 --> 00:54:00,931
high levels of heroin
are found in his blood.

1041
00:54:00,976 --> 00:54:03,456
Heroin chic takes hold.

1042
00:54:03,501 --> 00:54:05,591
The fashion industry
helps transform it

1043
00:54:05,633 --> 00:54:09,293
from a taboo drug
into something cool.

1044
00:54:09,333 --> 00:54:11,203
Heroin gains popularity

1045
00:54:11,248 --> 00:54:14,768
across the decade's
diverse subcultures.

1046
00:54:14,816 --> 00:54:16,856
Grim: And this slacker
generation is created.

1047
00:54:16,905 --> 00:54:18,465
You know, the '90s,

1048
00:54:18,516 --> 00:54:21,166
you get the grunge movement
out of Seattle,

1049
00:54:21,214 --> 00:54:25,964
and also, there's a bit
of a '60s revivalism going on.

1050
00:54:26,001 --> 00:54:28,221
The Grateful Dead had
never stopped touring,

1051
00:54:28,265 --> 00:54:30,915
but they're all of a sudden
popular among kids again.

1052
00:54:30,963 --> 00:54:33,313
Narrator: And it's heroin
that contributes to the death

1053
00:54:33,357 --> 00:54:36,577
of the Dead's founding father,
Jerry Garcia.

1054
00:54:36,621 --> 00:54:39,231
Bill Clinton even calls it
a culture of death.

1055
00:54:39,276 --> 00:54:42,496
This is what happens to your
brain after snorting heroin.

1056
00:54:47,284 --> 00:54:48,894
Narrator:
But few people are aware

1057
00:54:48,937 --> 00:54:51,847
that heroin
is also fueling a conflict

1058
00:54:51,897 --> 00:54:54,727
that's killing thousands
half a world away.

1059
00:55:03,952 --> 00:55:05,562
[ Man shouts
in native language ]

1060
00:55:11,177 --> 00:55:15,747
In Afghanistan, a civil war
is locked in a bloody stalemate,

1061
00:55:15,790 --> 00:55:18,230
and the country
is near total collapse.

1062
00:55:18,271 --> 00:55:19,971
[ Man shouts
in native language ]

1063
00:55:20,012 --> 00:55:21,712
[ Gunfire ]

1064
00:55:24,930 --> 00:55:28,930
An army of religious fanatics
rise from the opium-rich south

1065
00:55:28,977 --> 00:55:31,757
to bring order to the chaos.

1066
00:55:31,806 --> 00:55:36,156
The Taliban were
just simple village folk.

1067
00:55:36,202 --> 00:55:39,382
Many of them could barely read.

1068
00:55:39,423 --> 00:55:42,303
Narrator: The Taliban are under
the command of Mullah Omar.

1069
00:55:42,339 --> 00:55:45,389
A top marksman who loses
an eye in battle,

1070
00:55:45,429 --> 00:55:48,389
his background
is shrouded in mystery.

1071
00:55:50,738 --> 00:55:52,438
The -- The -- The mythology,

1072
00:55:52,479 --> 00:55:54,479
at least, is that some villagers

1073
00:55:54,525 --> 00:55:58,485
outside of Kandahar
approach Mullah Omar.

1074
00:55:58,529 --> 00:56:00,619
They say, "Look, there's
a local thug, a bandit

1075
00:56:00,661 --> 00:56:03,931
who had been raping some girls
and terrorizing villagers."

1076
00:56:03,969 --> 00:56:08,099
And so, uh, Mullah Omar
gathers up some of his friends,

1077
00:56:08,147 --> 00:56:10,367
and they go, they find this guy,
and they hang him

1078
00:56:10,410 --> 00:56:13,410
from the barrel of a -- of
an old, broken-down Soviet tank.

1079
00:56:13,457 --> 00:56:17,937
And they begin to shut down
these petty, little warlords

1080
00:56:17,983 --> 00:56:21,603
one after the other.

1081
00:56:21,639 --> 00:56:25,119
Narrator: But Mullah Omar knows
the key to a Taliban victory

1082
00:56:25,164 --> 00:56:28,254
lies here in Afghanistan's
largest cash crop...

1083
00:56:30,474 --> 00:56:32,304
...the opium poppy.

1084
00:56:35,870 --> 00:56:37,480
Afghanistan is in the heart

1085
00:56:37,524 --> 00:56:40,184
of the so-called
Golden Crescent,

1086
00:56:40,222 --> 00:56:43,232
a region rich
in opium poppy cultivation.

1087
00:56:43,269 --> 00:56:45,229
But it wasn't always that way.

1088
00:56:45,271 --> 00:56:49,231
In the 1950s, the Soviet Union
and the United States

1089
00:56:49,275 --> 00:56:51,495
are competing
in a global Cold War

1090
00:56:51,538 --> 00:56:53,278
for power and influence.

1091
00:56:53,322 --> 00:56:55,852
Afghanistan was right
on the -- the doorstep

1092
00:56:55,890 --> 00:56:58,110
of the Soviet empire.

1093
00:56:58,153 --> 00:57:01,423
Afghanistan successfully
played both sides off

1094
00:57:01,461 --> 00:57:03,031
against the middle.

1095
00:57:03,071 --> 00:57:05,471
Narrator:
President Eisenhower authorizes

1096
00:57:05,509 --> 00:57:08,899
one of the largest aid packages
in U.S. history.

1097
00:57:08,947 --> 00:57:13,037
The goal -- transform
Afghanistan into a modern nation

1098
00:57:13,081 --> 00:57:15,481
and win its people over
to our side.

1099
00:57:18,043 --> 00:57:22,873
America finances highways
and entire cities.

1100
00:57:22,917 --> 00:57:26,357
New dams irrigate
hundreds of thousands of acres.

1101
00:57:26,399 --> 00:57:29,619
Wheat, fruit, and cotton
sprout from the desert.

1102
00:57:29,663 --> 00:57:31,493
But farmers soon begin to notice

1103
00:57:31,535 --> 00:57:33,925
the newly irrigated, salty soil

1104
00:57:33,972 --> 00:57:37,242
is perfect for another,
much more profitable crop --

1105
00:57:37,279 --> 00:57:40,409
the opium poppy.

1106
00:57:40,457 --> 00:57:42,677
The United States
has inadvertently created

1107
00:57:42,720 --> 00:57:44,980
the perfect conditions
for a drug boom

1108
00:57:45,026 --> 00:57:48,286
that will one day become
entangled with a new war --

1109
00:57:48,334 --> 00:57:50,214
a war on terror.

1110
00:57:54,427 --> 00:57:58,687
The seeds of terror
are planted in 1979.

1111
00:57:58,736 --> 00:58:00,736
The Soviet Union
has invaded Afghanistan

1112
00:58:00,781 --> 00:58:04,391
to prop up a failing
Communist government.

1113
00:58:04,437 --> 00:58:06,697
And when President Reagan
takes office,

1114
00:58:06,744 --> 00:58:11,314
Soviet aggression becomes
one of his most pressing issues.

1115
00:58:11,357 --> 00:58:14,527
Moran: The Reagan administration
starts thinking about,

1116
00:58:14,578 --> 00:58:17,278
"Okay, well, what can we do
about this growing threat?

1117
00:58:17,319 --> 00:58:19,709
We -- We can't fight
the Soviets head on.

1118
00:58:19,757 --> 00:58:23,197
We can back insurgency groups

1119
00:58:23,238 --> 00:58:25,328
that, even if they're not
aligned with us,

1120
00:58:25,371 --> 00:58:28,461
they're at least
against our enemies."

1121
00:58:28,505 --> 00:58:31,155
The U.S. government realizes,
"Whoa.

1122
00:58:31,203 --> 00:58:33,163
This is a way

1123
00:58:33,205 --> 00:58:35,335
that we can give
the Soviets their Vietnam."

1124
00:58:35,381 --> 00:58:38,991
Narrator: The CIA begins
financing a small force

1125
00:58:39,037 --> 00:58:42,037
of religious warriors
known as the Mujahideen.

1126
00:58:43,911 --> 00:58:46,741
[ Gunfire, explosions ]

1127
00:58:56,271 --> 00:58:58,671
There's a-a wave
of international volunteers

1128
00:58:58,709 --> 00:59:01,319
comes in to support
the Mujahideen.

1129
00:59:01,363 --> 00:59:03,193
They are actually
recruiting centers

1130
00:59:03,235 --> 00:59:05,445
for the Mujahideen in Brooklyn.

1131
00:59:05,498 --> 00:59:07,758
The Mujahideen had
always been asking the Saudis,

1132
00:59:07,805 --> 00:59:10,235
who were sending money,
said, "Send us a Saudi prince."

1133
00:59:10,285 --> 00:59:11,715
Apparently, none of the princes
wanted to go,

1134
00:59:11,765 --> 00:59:13,585
so they send
the next best thing --

1135
00:59:13,637 --> 00:59:16,597
one of the sons of
the top construction company

1136
00:59:16,640 --> 00:59:18,290
in Saudi Arabia.

1137
00:59:18,337 --> 00:59:20,687
Narrator:
Osama bin Laden is the 17th son

1138
00:59:20,731 --> 00:59:24,041
of one of the richest men
in Saudi Arabia.

1139
00:59:24,082 --> 00:59:27,872
He helps finance a support group
of Mujahideen fighters.

1140
00:59:27,912 --> 00:59:31,312
He calls it The Base,
or Al-Qaeda.

1141
00:59:34,396 --> 00:59:36,356
The CIA
looks the other direction

1142
00:59:36,398 --> 00:59:38,228
as its new Cold War allies

1143
00:59:38,270 --> 00:59:40,880
find alternative ways
to finance their war.

1144
00:59:40,925 --> 00:59:45,015
The Mujahideen start collecting
a poppy tax from farmers.

1145
00:59:47,496 --> 00:59:49,106
The United States was interested

1146
00:59:49,150 --> 00:59:53,110
in undermining
the Soviet presence.

1147
00:59:53,154 --> 00:59:55,164
There was not
as much an emphasis

1148
00:59:55,200 --> 00:59:57,120
put on the pursuit
of drug traffickers.

1149
00:59:57,158 --> 00:59:59,118
In fact, there was none.

1150
00:59:59,160 --> 01:00:02,420
Narrator: The Mujahideen send
hundreds of tons of raw opium

1151
01:00:02,468 --> 01:00:05,948
to heroin labs
across the border in Pakistan,

1152
01:00:05,993 --> 01:00:07,733
creating a million addicts

1153
01:00:07,778 --> 01:00:10,818
and feeding new habits
in Europe and beyond.

1154
01:00:14,306 --> 01:00:16,696
After a decade of war,

1155
01:00:16,743 --> 01:00:18,963
the Soviet Union
pulls its troops out...

1156
01:00:19,006 --> 01:00:20,656
[ Man speaks Russian ]

1157
01:00:20,704 --> 01:00:23,324
...a superpower defeated
by a small guerrilla force

1158
01:00:23,358 --> 01:00:26,268
financed by the CIA and drugs.

1159
01:00:35,153 --> 01:00:37,203
In the wake
of the Soviet retreat,

1160
01:00:37,242 --> 01:00:40,462
Afghanistan devolves
into civil war,

1161
01:00:40,506 --> 01:00:43,596
and many former Mujahideen
find a new cause --

1162
01:00:43,640 --> 01:00:45,160
the Taliban.

1163
01:00:45,206 --> 01:00:47,296
[ Gunfire ]

1164
01:00:47,339 --> 01:00:50,859
Mullah Omar's Taliban
take the capital, Kabul.

1165
01:00:50,908 --> 01:00:53,948
And like the Mujahideen
before it,

1166
01:00:53,998 --> 01:00:57,518
the Taliban use opium
to finance their goals.

1167
01:00:57,566 --> 01:00:59,956
Parenti: There were edicts
that said, "It's not a sin

1168
01:01:00,004 --> 01:01:02,534
to sell drugs to nonbelievers,

1169
01:01:02,571 --> 01:01:04,571
but you shouldn't
do drugs yourself."

1170
01:01:04,617 --> 01:01:08,097
So they allow the people to --
to grow poppy, and they tax it.

1171
01:01:10,362 --> 01:01:13,712
Narrator: The country is now
a religious narco state.

1172
01:01:13,757 --> 01:01:16,717
The Taliban begin executing
women for adultery

1173
01:01:16,760 --> 01:01:18,890
and destroying
ancient monuments.

1174
01:01:23,201 --> 01:01:25,731
And Mullah Omar welcomes back
his old friend

1175
01:01:25,769 --> 01:01:30,079
Osama bin Laden
and his al-Qaeda network.

1176
01:01:30,121 --> 01:01:33,991
The colossally tragic irony

1177
01:01:34,038 --> 01:01:38,168
is that our efforts
in Afghanistan

1178
01:01:38,216 --> 01:01:41,566
to help them defeat the Soviets
during the Cold War

1179
01:01:41,610 --> 01:01:43,790
laid the groundwork for the war

1180
01:01:43,830 --> 01:01:46,490
that we would then have to
fight, the War on Terror.

1181
01:01:48,226 --> 01:01:51,006
♪♪

1182
01:02:04,503 --> 01:02:05,853
Narrator: While Afghanistan

1183
01:02:05,896 --> 01:02:07,286
is deteriorating
into a narco state...

1184
01:02:07,332 --> 01:02:09,332
[ Gunfire ]

1185
01:02:09,377 --> 01:02:13,117
...and Mexico
is not far behind...

1186
01:02:13,164 --> 01:02:17,304
back home, the War on Drugs
is starting to see results.

1187
01:02:17,342 --> 01:02:19,172
[ Applause ]

1188
01:02:19,213 --> 01:02:21,743
Our great challenge
is to take our streets back

1189
01:02:21,781 --> 01:02:24,041
from crime and gangs and drugs.

1190
01:02:24,088 --> 01:02:25,518
In New York City,

1191
01:02:25,567 --> 01:02:27,127
murders are down 25%.

1192
01:02:27,178 --> 01:02:28,698
In St. Louis, 18%.

1193
01:02:28,745 --> 01:02:31,045
In Seattle, 32%.

1194
01:02:31,095 --> 01:02:33,965
The Crime Bill of 1994
is critical.

1195
01:02:34,011 --> 01:02:36,451
Let us stick with the strategy
that's working

1196
01:02:36,491 --> 01:02:39,801
and keep the crime rate
coming down.

1197
01:02:39,843 --> 01:02:42,723
Narrator:
After reaching all-time highs
in the early '90s,

1198
01:02:42,759 --> 01:02:45,499
crime is down
across the country.

1199
01:02:45,544 --> 01:02:47,374
But the effects
of President Clinton's

1200
01:02:47,415 --> 01:02:50,975
get-tough policies
are just beginning to be felt.

1201
01:02:51,028 --> 01:02:53,768
[ Indistinct conversations ]

1202
01:02:58,862 --> 01:03:01,212
Come on, man.
I'm studying.

1203
01:03:01,255 --> 01:03:03,685
Narrator: Douglas Lindsay,

1204
01:03:03,736 --> 01:03:06,826
a 26-year-old army veteran
making his way through college

1205
01:03:06,870 --> 01:03:09,520
while working as a mental-health
professional at night.

1206
01:03:12,832 --> 01:03:15,792
But Lindsay
is struggling for money.

1207
01:03:15,835 --> 01:03:19,705
To finance his education,
he sells pot and crack cocaine.

1208
01:03:19,752 --> 01:03:23,062
It'll soon catch up to him.

1209
01:03:23,103 --> 01:03:26,763
Bill Clinton's 1994 crime bill
was one of the most

1210
01:03:26,803 --> 01:03:29,463
far-reaching laws
in American history,

1211
01:03:29,501 --> 01:03:31,901
pushing policies like
"three strikes, you're out"

1212
01:03:31,938 --> 01:03:35,638
and long, mandatory sentences
for drug dealers.

1213
01:03:35,681 --> 01:03:39,381
Mandatory minimum sentencing
largely removes judges

1214
01:03:39,424 --> 01:03:41,694
from the decision-making
process.

1215
01:03:41,730 --> 01:03:43,780
They become automatons

1216
01:03:43,820 --> 01:03:47,820
where they just simply have the
amount of weight of the drugs,

1217
01:03:47,867 --> 01:03:49,477
the circumstances
that they were caught in,

1218
01:03:49,521 --> 01:03:51,481
come up with some calculation,

1219
01:03:51,523 --> 01:03:54,873
and come up with
a multi-decade prison sentence.

1220
01:03:54,918 --> 01:03:57,748
Parenti: There's a proliferation
of three strikes laws.

1221
01:03:57,790 --> 01:03:59,050
The amount of time

1222
01:03:59,096 --> 01:04:00,396
that people are now doing

1223
01:04:00,445 --> 01:04:02,655
for relatively small amounts

1224
01:04:02,708 --> 01:04:05,148
of drugs increases massively.

1225
01:04:05,189 --> 01:04:07,499
It's not only that more people
are going to prison,

1226
01:04:07,539 --> 01:04:10,539
but it's that people
are staying for longer.

1227
01:04:10,585 --> 01:04:13,755
This reverberates through
the communities.

1228
01:04:21,901 --> 01:04:24,031
Narrator: A year after
his last drug deal...

1229
01:04:24,077 --> 01:04:26,817
-Go. Go.
-Police! Police!

1230
01:04:26,863 --> 01:04:29,433
Narrator: ...Lindsay is arrested
by Federal agents.

1231
01:04:29,474 --> 01:04:31,224
[ Indistinct shouting ]

1232
01:04:31,258 --> 01:04:34,038
And when seven of his friends
who are arrested with him

1233
01:04:34,087 --> 01:04:37,437
are threatened with long,
mandatory sentences,

1234
01:04:37,482 --> 01:04:39,482
they agree to cooperate
with the government,

1235
01:04:39,527 --> 01:04:42,437
testifying that Lindsay
was their ringleader.

1236
01:04:42,487 --> 01:04:44,137
-Come on over here.
-Mandatory minimum sentences

1237
01:04:44,184 --> 01:04:46,494
created a velveted glove

1238
01:04:46,534 --> 01:04:50,154
over the head of anybody
who'd been busted for drugs,

1239
01:04:50,190 --> 01:04:53,280
and it incentivized them
to take a plea bargain

1240
01:04:53,324 --> 01:04:56,244
for decades
that they otherwise would --

1241
01:04:56,283 --> 01:04:58,423
would not take the chance
at trial.

1242
01:04:58,459 --> 01:05:00,289
You just simply didn't want
to take the chance

1243
01:05:00,331 --> 01:05:03,511
of getting 50 or 60 years
in jail

1244
01:05:03,551 --> 01:05:04,941
when you were
supposed to be okay

1245
01:05:04,988 --> 01:05:06,768
with settling for 10 years.

1246
01:05:06,815 --> 01:05:10,815
♪♪

1247
01:05:10,863 --> 01:05:13,523
Narrator: But Lindsay takes
the case to trial.

1248
01:05:15,824 --> 01:05:18,184
He's convicted
of two felony charges

1249
01:05:18,218 --> 01:05:21,048
and, at his sentencing hearing,
pleads for mercy.

1250
01:05:21,091 --> 01:05:24,141
Lindsay: This is
my first-time offense, sir.

1251
01:05:24,181 --> 01:05:27,451
I've never before been
convicted of a crime. Please.

1252
01:05:27,488 --> 01:05:29,838
Narrator: Under new mandatory
sentencing laws,

1253
01:05:29,882 --> 01:05:33,232
Douglas Lindsay faces
at least 10 years.

1254
01:05:33,277 --> 01:05:35,757
On Christmas Eve 1996,

1255
01:05:35,801 --> 01:05:38,281
the judge sentences him...

1256
01:05:38,325 --> 01:05:40,365
to life in prison.

1257
01:05:40,414 --> 01:05:42,944
Wright: A lot of people
who heard Clinton admit

1258
01:05:42,982 --> 01:05:46,292
on the campaign trail
that he had smoked a joint

1259
01:05:46,333 --> 01:05:48,863
expected he would maybe

1260
01:05:48,901 --> 01:05:52,731
dismantle aspects
of the War on Drugs.

1261
01:05:54,776 --> 01:05:58,166
But in fact,
the opposite happened.

1262
01:05:58,215 --> 01:06:01,385
Starting in the early 1990s

1263
01:06:01,435 --> 01:06:03,735
and really accelerating
under Clinton,

1264
01:06:03,785 --> 01:06:07,395
the War on Drugs became
increasingly to be about

1265
01:06:07,441 --> 01:06:09,571
how many Americans
were being put into prison.

1266
01:06:09,617 --> 01:06:12,837
♪♪

1267
01:06:29,159 --> 01:06:31,289
The more
the U.S. government increased

1268
01:06:31,335 --> 01:06:34,635
its targeting of street dealers,

1269
01:06:34,686 --> 01:06:36,336
the more dealers they created,

1270
01:06:36,383 --> 01:06:38,823
because they created
a class of people

1271
01:06:38,864 --> 01:06:42,564
who could work in
no other industry...

1272
01:06:42,607 --> 01:06:44,567
but the drug trade.

1273
01:06:44,609 --> 01:06:48,089
And this is how the War on Drugs
has perpetuated itself.

1274
01:06:56,273 --> 01:06:58,843
O0Narrator: It's almost Halloween
night, and three members

1275
01:06:58,884 --> 01:07:01,634
of the Hispanic street gang
known as F-13

1276
01:07:01,669 --> 01:07:03,499
are driving around
Huntington Beach

1277
01:07:03,541 --> 01:07:05,061
looking for blood.

1278
01:07:05,108 --> 01:07:07,368
They think they've just found

1279
01:07:07,414 --> 01:07:09,504
a rival gang member's house.

1280
01:07:09,547 --> 01:07:12,027
♪♪

1281
01:07:12,071 --> 01:07:13,511
-Trick or treat!
-Trick or treat!

1282
01:07:13,551 --> 01:07:14,991
[ Gunshots, tires squeal ]

1283
01:07:15,031 --> 01:07:16,731
[ Screaming ]

1284
01:07:16,771 --> 01:07:18,861
No! Erica!

1285
01:07:18,904 --> 01:07:20,084
Narrator:
They've missed their target.

1286
01:07:20,123 --> 01:07:21,433
[ Sobbing ] Help!

1287
01:07:21,472 --> 01:07:23,522
The shooter, Jose Munguia,

1288
01:07:23,561 --> 01:07:28,391
has killed
an innocent 11-year-old girl.

1289
01:07:28,435 --> 01:07:32,825
He and his friends
have just crossed a line...

1290
01:07:32,874 --> 01:07:35,664
set by one of most dangerous
gangs in the country.

1291
01:07:51,241 --> 01:07:55,201
La Eme, also known
as The Mexican Mafia,

1292
01:07:55,245 --> 01:07:57,195
a Mexican-American street gang

1293
01:07:57,247 --> 01:08:00,247
whose leaders reside
in California's prisons.

1294
01:08:00,293 --> 01:08:04,173
They rule over numerous
Hispanic gangs on the outside

1295
01:08:04,210 --> 01:08:07,690
with a strict code
of street justice.

1296
01:08:07,735 --> 01:08:09,645
Their disciples
carry out murders,

1297
01:08:09,694 --> 01:08:11,354
kidnappings, and extortion,

1298
01:08:11,391 --> 01:08:14,001
but their most lucrative
business is drugs.

1299
01:08:17,136 --> 01:08:20,006
De la Cruz: The Mexican Mafia,
they got a lot of power.

1300
01:08:20,052 --> 01:08:23,062
This idea
that the Mexican cartels

1301
01:08:23,099 --> 01:08:26,449
control street-level
drug operations

1302
01:08:26,493 --> 01:08:29,063
is not correct.

1303
01:08:29,105 --> 01:08:32,235
They control the flow
of the drugs,

1304
01:08:32,282 --> 01:08:35,682
but they don't control
the street-level operations.

1305
01:08:35,720 --> 01:08:39,250
The distribution of drugs

1306
01:08:39,289 --> 01:08:42,029
are controlled
by the street-level gangs

1307
01:08:42,074 --> 01:08:43,954
like The Mexican Mafia.

1308
01:08:47,035 --> 01:08:51,165
Narrator: September 1993.
Elysian Park, Los Angeles.

1309
01:08:51,214 --> 01:08:53,224
More than 1,000 gang members

1310
01:08:53,259 --> 01:08:55,869
from across Southern California
converge.

1311
01:08:55,914 --> 01:08:58,834
La Eme has called a meeting

1312
01:08:58,873 --> 01:09:00,883
to lay down a series of laws

1313
01:09:00,919 --> 01:09:03,839
for the gangs
under their control.

1314
01:09:03,878 --> 01:09:07,748
The goal -- keep away unwanted
attention from the authorities.

1315
01:09:07,795 --> 01:09:10,705
Preserve the drug trade
at all costs.

1316
01:09:10,755 --> 01:09:13,885
Scores should be settled
face-to-face.

1317
01:09:13,932 --> 01:09:17,022
Those who break the rules
will pay.

1318
01:09:17,065 --> 01:09:21,505
So they passed a directive

1319
01:09:21,548 --> 01:09:26,548
that anybody caught
doing drive-bys from then on

1320
01:09:26,597 --> 01:09:28,947
was gonna be targeted --

1321
01:09:28,990 --> 01:09:30,990
killed or, you know, assaulted.

1322
01:09:31,036 --> 01:09:32,206
Primarily killed.

1323
01:09:39,262 --> 01:09:41,922
Narrator: It's a week after
the little girl's death,

1324
01:09:41,960 --> 01:09:46,270
and the shooter, Jose Munguia,
is at home.

1325
01:09:46,312 --> 01:09:49,142
Two fellow gang members
have come to enforce

1326
01:09:49,185 --> 01:09:51,795
the Elysian Park rules.

1327
01:09:51,839 --> 01:09:56,579
Now, remember, killing
to these individuals

1328
01:09:56,627 --> 01:09:58,407
is not that big of a deal.

1329
01:09:58,455 --> 01:09:59,535
They've already done it.

1330
01:10:06,854 --> 01:10:08,254
What's up, homey?[ Gunshots ]

1331
01:10:11,294 --> 01:10:13,214
I don't think it was
that difficult of a thing

1332
01:10:13,252 --> 01:10:15,522
for them to do, to go over
there, knock on the door,

1333
01:10:15,559 --> 01:10:17,559
and say, "Hey," you know,
"Sorry, homeboy."

1334
01:10:17,604 --> 01:10:19,784
Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom,
and they walk away.

1335
01:10:21,913 --> 01:10:24,613
Narrator:
Munguia dies almost instantly.

1336
01:10:26,918 --> 01:10:29,528
[ Tires screeching ]

1337
01:10:29,573 --> 01:10:31,793
[ Siren wailing ]

1338
01:10:37,102 --> 01:10:38,362
[ Police radio chatter ]

1339
01:10:38,408 --> 01:10:40,978
The killers are arrested
later that night.

1340
01:10:46,242 --> 01:10:49,072
Inside a California
state prison,

1341
01:10:49,114 --> 01:10:53,254
the two killers are welcomed
into La Eme's fold.

1342
01:10:53,292 --> 01:10:56,032
They're now part of
a vast criminal enterprise

1343
01:10:56,077 --> 01:10:59,207
whose headquarters
are behind bars.

1344
01:10:59,255 --> 01:11:03,865
The Mexican Mafia
is composed of elites

1345
01:11:03,911 --> 01:11:06,041
of street gang members --

1346
01:11:06,087 --> 01:11:08,177
the cream of the crop,
in other words.

1347
01:11:13,791 --> 01:11:15,661
They're charismatic.

1348
01:11:15,706 --> 01:11:19,056
They're intelligent.
They speak well.

1349
01:11:19,100 --> 01:11:22,190
They educate themselves
on Machiavelli

1350
01:11:22,234 --> 01:11:23,894
and, you know, philosophy.

1351
01:11:23,931 --> 01:11:26,851
Really exceptional individuals
criminally.

1352
01:11:26,891 --> 01:11:29,551
And if they're not
exceptional individuals

1353
01:11:29,589 --> 01:11:31,719
when they get
in The Mexican Mafia,

1354
01:11:31,765 --> 01:11:35,465
they will be
by the time they leave.

1355
01:11:35,508 --> 01:11:38,768
Narrator: The 1990s
sees an almost 50% increase

1356
01:11:38,816 --> 01:11:40,766
in the prison population,

1357
01:11:40,818 --> 01:11:44,818
and with it, a new level of
sophistication in prison gangs.

1358
01:11:44,865 --> 01:11:46,815
Within the prisoner network

1359
01:11:46,867 --> 01:11:48,347
was completely controlled

1360
01:11:48,391 --> 01:11:49,741
by these gangs

1361
01:11:49,783 --> 01:11:52,183
to the point where
they buy the guards.

1362
01:11:52,220 --> 01:11:53,570
And by corrupting the guards,

1363
01:11:53,613 --> 01:11:55,443
they take over control
of the prisons.

1364
01:11:55,485 --> 01:11:58,395
They're able to get drugs
into the prisons.

1365
01:11:58,444 --> 01:12:00,194
They're able to deal drugs
within the prisons.

1366
01:12:00,228 --> 01:12:03,408
Mexican Mafia became
unbelievably powerful.

1367
01:12:03,449 --> 01:12:05,669
The Feds tried to break that up,

1368
01:12:05,712 --> 01:12:08,282
so they would take these guys
from these prisons

1369
01:12:08,324 --> 01:12:10,114
and spread 'em out
all over the country.

1370
01:12:10,151 --> 01:12:11,591
But by doing that, all they did

1371
01:12:11,631 --> 01:12:14,901
was create regimes
within prisons

1372
01:12:14,939 --> 01:12:16,979
that had never seen it before.

1373
01:12:19,683 --> 01:12:21,553
Narrator: Other race-based gangs
take control

1374
01:12:21,598 --> 01:12:23,818
of prisons across the country,

1375
01:12:23,861 --> 01:12:27,211
including The Aryan Brotherhood,
the Black Guerillas,

1376
01:12:27,255 --> 01:12:30,295
and Nuestra Familia,
all with their own piece

1377
01:12:30,346 --> 01:12:33,516
of a nationwide
drug-distribution network.

1378
01:12:42,053 --> 01:12:45,403
O0 C1Narrator:
Amado Carrillo Fuentes,
the Lord of the Skies,

1379
01:12:45,448 --> 01:12:48,278
has become the richest
drug trafficker in the world.

1380
01:12:48,320 --> 01:12:52,110
But Carrillo's control
over much of Mexico's drug trade

1381
01:12:52,150 --> 01:12:54,410
has not gone unnoticed.

1382
01:12:54,457 --> 01:12:57,017
Follis:
As the pressure was turned up
by the Mexicans and DEA,

1383
01:12:57,068 --> 01:12:59,328
he became obsessed
with his own safety,

1384
01:12:59,375 --> 01:13:02,415
to the extent that he was
traveling in ambulances

1385
01:13:02,465 --> 01:13:04,985
that were conventional on the
outside, opulent on the inside.

1386
01:13:05,032 --> 01:13:07,912
He had body doubles
prancing around Mexico

1387
01:13:07,948 --> 01:13:10,948
just to throw others
off his trail,

1388
01:13:10,995 --> 01:13:12,425
and even to the extent
that he decided

1389
01:13:12,475 --> 01:13:14,645
to change
his physical appearance.

1390
01:13:14,694 --> 01:13:16,484
[ Monitor beeping ]

1391
01:13:16,522 --> 01:13:18,572
Narrator: Carrillo
has taken over an entire floor

1392
01:13:18,611 --> 01:13:21,091
of a Mexico City maternity ward.

1393
01:13:24,878 --> 01:13:28,398
Follis: A plastic surgeon team
traveled to Mexico

1394
01:13:28,447 --> 01:13:33,017
and agreed to alter
not only his facial features,

1395
01:13:33,060 --> 01:13:36,930
but also his rather
corpulent body.

1396
01:13:36,977 --> 01:13:41,027
Throughout a 10-hour surgery,

1397
01:13:41,068 --> 01:13:45,678
30 pounds of fatty tissue
were taken from his body,

1398
01:13:45,725 --> 01:13:48,765
and his face
was altered considerably.

1399
01:13:48,815 --> 01:13:53,035
The account goes, from some
of those present in the room,

1400
01:13:53,080 --> 01:13:55,390
he woke up
and was feeling such great pain,

1401
01:13:55,431 --> 01:13:58,221
reached for a gun,
ordered more pain medication.

1402
01:14:02,481 --> 01:14:06,401
And when the doctor was looking
at the bore of a handgun,

1403
01:14:06,442 --> 01:14:10,752
he decided it'd be best
to do what the boss said.

1404
01:14:10,794 --> 01:14:12,454
[ Monitor beeping ]

1405
01:14:16,974 --> 01:14:19,154
[ Flatline ]

1406
01:14:27,550 --> 01:14:29,420
[ Men conversing in Spanish ]

1407
01:14:37,821 --> 01:14:40,611
It is said that Amado,
the Lord of the Skies,

1408
01:14:40,650 --> 01:14:42,570
died of respiratory arrest.

1409
01:14:46,569 --> 01:14:49,789
Narrator: The circumstances
of his death are so mysterious

1410
01:14:49,833 --> 01:14:52,493
that some think he faked it
and escaped.

1411
01:15:04,804 --> 01:15:06,464
Muchas gracias.

1412
01:15:06,502 --> 01:15:09,552
Narrator: But the gory truth
soon comes out.

1413
01:15:09,592 --> 01:15:11,862
DEA and the Mexican authorities

1414
01:15:11,898 --> 01:15:15,028
went to the location,
where they found the body.

1415
01:15:15,075 --> 01:15:17,555
Narrator: His body is so
disfigured that his identity

1416
01:15:17,600 --> 01:15:21,650
can only be confirmed
by fingerprints and DNA.

1417
01:15:21,691 --> 01:15:23,521
Follis: He looked like
a Frankenstein monster

1418
01:15:23,562 --> 01:15:25,262
because he was all stitched,

1419
01:15:25,303 --> 01:15:27,223
and there was so much
reconfiguration of his body.

1420
01:15:27,261 --> 01:15:31,791
Narrator: It's not the only
grisly find made by authorities.

1421
01:15:31,831 --> 01:15:33,571
Months later, Mexican workers

1422
01:15:33,616 --> 01:15:36,266
discover cement-filled
oil drums.

1423
01:15:36,314 --> 01:15:38,234
Inside are the badly
decayed remains

1424
01:15:38,272 --> 01:15:40,322
of two of Carrillo's doctors

1425
01:15:40,361 --> 01:15:43,191
and another unidentified person.

1426
01:15:43,234 --> 01:15:45,414
Each has been handcuffed
and blindfolded,

1427
01:15:45,453 --> 01:15:48,853
burned and tortured,
their fingernails pulled out.

1428
01:15:51,242 --> 01:15:52,812
But the killing
has just started.

1429
01:15:54,637 --> 01:15:57,507
Now the city of Juárez
is up for grabs,

1430
01:15:57,553 --> 01:16:02,083
as rival factions battle it out
to control the Juárez Cartel.

1431
01:16:03,471 --> 01:16:05,821
The city experiences
a bloodletting,

1432
01:16:05,865 --> 01:16:09,475
as the bodies as traffickers
litter the streets.

1433
01:16:09,521 --> 01:16:12,661
When Amado die...

1434
01:16:29,323 --> 01:16:31,593
[ Cheers and applause ]

1435
01:16:34,633 --> 01:16:36,503
Narrator: Three years
after Carrillo's death,

1436
01:16:36,548 --> 01:16:39,378
a changing of the guard
is taking place.

1437
01:16:39,420 --> 01:16:43,160
The nation's ruling party
is on the edge of collapse.

1438
01:16:43,207 --> 01:16:45,117
They've lost
the presidential election

1439
01:16:45,165 --> 01:16:47,645
for the first time in 70 years.

1440
01:16:47,690 --> 01:16:50,870
The Institutional Revolutionary
Party, also known as the PRI,

1441
01:16:50,910 --> 01:16:55,050
had a grip over
Mexican politics, Mexican life,

1442
01:16:55,088 --> 01:16:57,568
and also the Mexican
drug-trafficking trade.

1443
01:16:57,613 --> 01:17:00,663
An academic once called it
the perfect dictatorship.

1444
01:17:01,704 --> 01:17:03,624
As long the cartels kept quiet,

1445
01:17:03,662 --> 01:17:05,662
they didn't engage
in any killing sprees

1446
01:17:05,708 --> 01:17:07,358
or any major disruptions,

1447
01:17:07,405 --> 01:17:09,315
the PRI more or less
allowed the cartels

1448
01:17:09,363 --> 01:17:11,283
to do their own thing.

1449
01:17:11,322 --> 01:17:13,762
Narrator: The PRI has left
the people in poverty,

1450
01:17:13,803 --> 01:17:15,813
the peso nearly worthless,

1451
01:17:15,848 --> 01:17:18,978
and the cartels are wary
of the new regime's promise

1452
01:17:19,025 --> 01:17:21,065
to fight drugs and corruption.

1453
01:17:24,291 --> 01:17:26,861
One man, however,
is not waiting to find out

1454
01:17:26,903 --> 01:17:28,643
if they follow through.

1455
01:17:31,864 --> 01:17:35,004
Pacing around the medical bay
of Puente Grande Prison

1456
01:17:35,041 --> 01:17:37,261
is Joaquín Guzmán Loera,

1457
01:17:37,304 --> 01:17:41,054
also known as El Chapo.

1458
01:17:41,091 --> 01:17:42,751
El Chapo is one of the leaders

1459
01:17:42,788 --> 01:17:46,178
of the Juárez Cartel's rivals,
Sinaloa.

1460
01:17:46,226 --> 01:17:49,266
A former protégé
of Amado Carrillo Fuentes,

1461
01:17:49,316 --> 01:17:53,886
he's in prison for the murder
of the Cardinal of Guadalajara.

1462
01:17:53,930 --> 01:17:55,800
He has a logistical mind-set,

1463
01:17:55,845 --> 01:17:57,975
so he was able to figure out
how to move product.

1464
01:17:58,021 --> 01:18:00,201
And he was ruthless enough
to deal with rivals,

1465
01:18:00,240 --> 01:18:01,720
because at his level,

1466
01:18:01,764 --> 01:18:03,374
you know,
they're all apex predators,

1467
01:18:03,417 --> 01:18:05,117
and, you know,
it's kill or be killed.

1468
01:18:05,158 --> 01:18:07,938
And he was able
to survive that world.

1469
01:18:18,084 --> 01:18:20,744
Narrator:
Chapo has been enjoying
a privileged life in prison,

1470
01:18:20,783 --> 01:18:22,833
paying off his guards.

1471
01:18:22,872 --> 01:18:24,922
But with the new government
in place,

1472
01:18:24,961 --> 01:18:27,271
he's worried he'll be extradited
to the U.S.

1473
01:18:27,311 --> 01:18:29,751
on trafficking charges.

1474
01:18:29,792 --> 01:18:31,102
[ Alarm blaring ]

1475
01:18:31,141 --> 01:18:32,931
A riot alarm goes off.

1476
01:18:32,969 --> 01:18:36,799
[ Blaring continues ]

1477
01:18:36,842 --> 01:18:39,632
Five S.W.A.T. officers
storm the medical bay.

1478
01:18:44,763 --> 01:18:49,293
They hand Chapo riot gear,
a gun, and a mask.

1479
01:18:49,333 --> 01:18:51,943
Six officers walk out
the front door of the prison.

1480
01:19:03,826 --> 01:19:05,826
The brazen escape is a new low

1481
01:19:05,871 --> 01:19:09,091
for the Mexican government
and the police.

1482
01:19:09,135 --> 01:19:11,785
But it's not a surprise.

1483
01:19:11,834 --> 01:19:15,664
Jordan: Anybody that thinks
that Chapo Guzmán escapes

1484
01:19:15,707 --> 01:19:17,487
is not dealing with reality.

1485
01:19:17,535 --> 01:19:20,575
Chapo Guzmán can do whatever
he wants to do in Mexico.

1486
01:19:20,625 --> 01:19:23,715
And there's a reason
that Amado Carrillo Fuentes

1487
01:19:23,759 --> 01:19:26,889
and Chapo Guzmán,
among others, have stated,

1488
01:19:26,936 --> 01:19:30,026
"Why would I want
to be president of Mexico?

1489
01:19:30,069 --> 01:19:32,989
I am more powerful
than they are."

1490
01:19:33,029 --> 01:19:35,859
And it's a pretty
accurate statement.

1491
01:19:35,901 --> 01:19:38,251
Narrator: Over the next decade,
the cartels will become

1492
01:19:38,295 --> 01:19:40,165
more violent, more powerful,

1493
01:19:40,210 --> 01:19:44,080
and bring new agony to
its country and its neighbors.

1494
01:19:44,127 --> 01:19:46,387
But an even more fearsome
act of violence

1495
01:19:46,433 --> 01:19:50,093
is about to be unleashed
on the United States.

1496
01:19:50,133 --> 01:19:53,483
And the seeds were planted
decades before

1497
01:19:53,527 --> 01:19:58,447
on a continent far away.

1498
01:19:59,577 --> 01:20:01,447
[ Crowd clamoring
in native language ]

1499
01:20:05,496 --> 01:20:08,626
Narrator: Suicide bombers have
attacked the American embassies

1500
01:20:08,673 --> 01:20:10,853
in Kenya and Tanzania.

1501
01:20:13,243 --> 01:20:15,423
[ Crowd clamoring
in native language ]

1502
01:20:15,462 --> 01:20:19,822
224 people die
in the twin attacks.

1503
01:20:19,858 --> 01:20:23,038
And the blame soon falls on
the son of a Saudi billionaire

1504
01:20:23,079 --> 01:20:26,079
turned Islamic radical.

1505
01:20:26,125 --> 01:20:28,685
Many people have come to think
that bin Laden's first attack

1506
01:20:28,736 --> 01:20:31,606
on America was 9/11.

1507
01:20:31,652 --> 01:20:34,392
In fact,
bin Laden's first attack

1508
01:20:34,438 --> 01:20:38,268
was the 1998 Nairobi bombing.

1509
01:20:38,311 --> 01:20:40,401
[ Crowd clamoring
in native language ]

1510
01:20:40,444 --> 01:20:43,494
President Clinton:
These acts of terrorist violence
are abhorrent.

1511
01:20:43,534 --> 01:20:45,544
They are inhuman.

1512
01:20:45,579 --> 01:20:49,629
We will use all the means
at our disposal

1513
01:20:49,670 --> 01:20:52,240
to bring those responsible
to justice.

1514
01:20:55,633 --> 01:20:58,903
Before the al-Qaeda attacks
on the U.S. embassies

1515
01:20:58,941 --> 01:21:01,291
in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam,

1516
01:21:01,334 --> 01:21:04,124
Osama bin Laden was forced
to flee Sudan,

1517
01:21:04,163 --> 01:21:06,123
where he had been
operating from.

1518
01:21:06,165 --> 01:21:07,815
And he came back

1519
01:21:07,863 --> 01:21:09,913
to the one country
he knew would welcome him,

1520
01:21:09,952 --> 01:21:11,612
which is Afghanistan.

1521
01:21:11,649 --> 01:21:14,089
♪♪

1522
01:21:14,130 --> 01:21:16,780
Narrator: Pressure builds on
Afghanistan's Taliban government

1523
01:21:16,828 --> 01:21:18,568
to turn over bin Laden,

1524
01:21:18,612 --> 01:21:22,182
as sanctions and famine cripple
the nation's economy.

1525
01:21:22,225 --> 01:21:25,005
The Taliban had an enormous
P.R. problem by this point.

1526
01:21:25,054 --> 01:21:27,884
They had blown up
the Bamiyan Buddhas.

1527
01:21:27,926 --> 01:21:30,576
They were beheading people
and chopping off their hands

1528
01:21:30,624 --> 01:21:32,934
in football stadiums
around the country.

1529
01:21:32,975 --> 01:21:35,755
They were under enormous
pressure to give up bin Laden,

1530
01:21:35,803 --> 01:21:37,943
and the enormous amount of drugs

1531
01:21:37,980 --> 01:21:39,630
that were coming out
of Afghanistan.

1532
01:21:39,677 --> 01:21:44,247
And so by banning farmers
from growing poppy,

1533
01:21:44,290 --> 01:21:45,810
they could get a P.R. win.

1534
01:21:47,641 --> 01:21:50,911
[ Camera shutter clicking ]

1535
01:21:50,949 --> 01:21:53,259
Narrator: The Taliban's leader,
Mullah Omar,

1536
01:21:53,299 --> 01:21:55,689
issues a fatwa on opium.

1537
01:21:55,736 --> 01:21:59,176
Production across Afghanistan
grinds to a halt

1538
01:21:59,218 --> 01:22:02,348
as the Taliban
punish farmers who defy them.

1539
01:22:02,395 --> 01:22:05,825
Within a year,
65% of the world's opium

1540
01:22:05,877 --> 01:22:08,007
has seemingly disappeared.

1541
01:22:08,053 --> 01:22:12,413
American and U.N. officials
hail the crackdown.

1542
01:22:12,449 --> 01:22:14,359
There's one only problem --

1543
01:22:14,407 --> 01:22:15,667
It's a scam.

1544
01:22:18,150 --> 01:22:20,500
Peters:
They came up with a strategy
that was very, very clever.

1545
01:22:20,544 --> 01:22:22,814
They went to the
international community

1546
01:22:22,850 --> 01:22:26,990
and said that they were gonna
ban farmers from growing opium.

1547
01:22:27,029 --> 01:22:30,339
But very quietly,
they continued to allow

1548
01:22:30,380 --> 01:22:32,860
opium traffickers
and heroin producers

1549
01:22:32,904 --> 01:22:35,734
to process opium into heroin,

1550
01:22:35,776 --> 01:22:38,996
and they continued to allow
narcotics to be exported.

1551
01:22:39,041 --> 01:22:41,261
It was like
an insider trading deal.

1552
01:22:41,304 --> 01:22:44,354
They pulled a fast one
on the international community.

1553
01:22:46,309 --> 01:22:49,049
Narrator: With the drop
in supply, Afghan traffickers

1554
01:22:49,094 --> 01:22:52,144
sell their surplus opium
at a premium,

1555
01:22:52,184 --> 01:22:53,844
making millions.

1556
01:22:53,881 --> 01:22:57,321
♪♪

1557
01:22:57,363 --> 01:23:00,583
Everybody kind of wanted a good
news story about Afghanistan.

1558
01:23:00,627 --> 01:23:02,497
Everybody wanted
something to succeed

1559
01:23:02,542 --> 01:23:05,072
and something to seem to be
moving in the right direction.

1560
01:23:07,547 --> 01:23:09,767
So, again, you have
this willingness

1561
01:23:09,810 --> 01:23:12,860
by the U.S. government not to
look at the problem too closely,

1562
01:23:12,900 --> 01:23:14,770
because you might not
like what you see.

1563
01:23:14,815 --> 01:23:17,505
Narrator:
America sends millions in aid,

1564
01:23:17,557 --> 01:23:22,127
as they stockpile tons
of raw opium in warehouses.

1565
01:23:22,171 --> 01:23:25,651
The Bush administration
gave them $43 million

1566
01:23:25,696 --> 01:23:28,256
to support these
drug eradication efforts.

1567
01:23:28,307 --> 01:23:31,957
That was in early spring
of 2001.

1568
01:23:32,007 --> 01:23:33,227
And as everybody knows,

1569
01:23:33,269 --> 01:23:35,179
history took
quite a different course

1570
01:23:35,227 --> 01:23:36,187
later that year.

1571
01:23:41,799 --> 01:23:44,539
♪♪

1572
01:23:47,022 --> 01:23:50,032
Narrator: Four months later,
on a sunny September morning...

1573
01:23:52,288 --> 01:23:54,768
...a new war will begin.

1574
01:23:56,944 --> 01:24:00,254
Wright:
With both the War on Terror
and the War on Drugs,

1575
01:24:00,296 --> 01:24:03,166
the U.S. government,
its leadership,

1576
01:24:03,212 --> 01:24:06,782
openly declared wars
on these open-ended,

1577
01:24:06,824 --> 01:24:09,874
um, enemies
and -- and phenomenon.

1578
01:24:09,914 --> 01:24:12,444
And -- And people
would make light of the fact

1579
01:24:12,482 --> 01:24:16,142
that, how do you declare
a war on terror?

1580
01:24:16,181 --> 01:24:18,101
It's not a country.

1581
01:24:18,140 --> 01:24:21,450
It's not a person.
It's -- It's an idea.

1582
01:24:21,491 --> 01:24:23,841
And, similarly,

1583
01:24:23,884 --> 01:24:28,024
how do you
declare a war on drugs,

1584
01:24:28,063 --> 01:24:30,373
which are used commonly
throughout the world?

1585
01:24:30,413 --> 01:24:32,113
They're grown everywhere.

1586
01:24:32,154 --> 01:24:35,244
And there's a principle
at work here.

1587
01:24:35,287 --> 01:24:37,937
And it's that, you know,
one thing

1588
01:24:37,985 --> 01:24:41,815
that really makes a state
grow and thrive

1589
01:24:41,859 --> 01:24:43,859
is having a war.

1590
01:24:43,904 --> 01:24:47,824
Narrator: On the final episode
of "America's War On Drugs"...

1591
01:24:47,865 --> 01:24:50,035
[ Sirens wailing ]

1592
01:24:50,085 --> 01:24:52,385
Wright: 9/11 happened,
and the United States

1593
01:24:52,435 --> 01:24:55,735
invaded one of the largest
opium producers in the world.

1594
01:24:55,786 --> 01:24:58,046
President Bush: These terrorists
must be pursued, defeated,

1595
01:24:58,093 --> 01:24:59,533
and brought to justice.

1596
01:24:59,572 --> 01:25:01,012
Parenti: And that effect
on the Patriot Act

1597
01:25:01,052 --> 01:25:03,792
was that it refueled
the War on Drugs.

1598
01:25:03,837 --> 01:25:05,837
I helped murder families
in Colombia.

1599
01:25:05,883 --> 01:25:08,063
Conroy: Mexican cops will go out
and carry out a hit,

1600
01:25:08,103 --> 01:25:09,843
and then they'll come back
couple hours later

1601
01:25:09,887 --> 01:25:11,497
and investigate the murder
they just committed.

1602
01:25:11,541 --> 01:25:13,591
Announcer:
Cloaked in many innocent,

1603
01:25:13,630 --> 01:25:16,290
it's an invitation
to your own murder.[ Screams ]

1604
01:25:16,328 --> 01:25:18,068
Stratton: You smoked it,
and you suddenly said,

1605
01:25:18,113 --> 01:25:19,683
"Wait a minute.
This stuff isn't so bad."

1606
01:25:19,723 --> 01:25:21,423
-Got some legal weed!
-Whoo!

1607
01:25:21,464 --> 01:25:23,474
Stratton:
They're working with one cartel

1608
01:25:23,509 --> 01:25:25,639
to take out another cartel.

1609
01:25:25,685 --> 01:25:29,775
It's time to stop the drugs
from pouring into our country.

1610
01:25:29,820 --> 01:25:32,690
[ Gunfire ]

1611
01:25:32,736 --> 01:25:35,346
Olsen: We're all concerned
about cocaine and heroin,

1612
01:25:35,391 --> 01:25:38,131
but we're legally killing you,
and we're getting away with it.