1 00:00:02,879 --> 00:00:05,848 [dramatic music] 2 00:00:05,915 --> 00:00:07,250 ♪ 3 00:00:07,350 --> 00:00:11,220 male narrator: One of the most powerful men on Earth 4 00:00:11,287 --> 00:00:12,622 holds a position that has existed 5 00:00:12,722 --> 00:00:15,691 for nearly 2,000 years. 6 00:00:15,758 --> 00:00:18,795 ♪ 7 00:00:18,895 --> 00:00:22,298 As the world changes and faith evolves, 8 00:00:22,398 --> 00:00:25,368 his authority remains. 9 00:00:25,435 --> 00:00:28,204 What began with one apostle 10 00:00:28,271 --> 00:00:30,706 has become 1.2 billion followers 11 00:00:30,773 --> 00:00:33,209 under one man. 12 00:00:33,276 --> 00:00:35,478 He is the head of the Catholic Church, 13 00:00:35,578 --> 00:00:38,081 the pope, 14 00:00:38,147 --> 00:00:40,483 and this is his path to power. 15 00:00:40,583 --> 00:00:47,490 ♪ 16 00:01:20,623 --> 00:01:22,859 In this episode, 17 00:01:22,959 --> 00:01:25,695 a young man of faith 18 00:01:25,795 --> 00:01:28,965 challenges the tyranny of communism, 19 00:01:29,031 --> 00:01:32,335 changes the face of the Catholic Church, 20 00:01:32,435 --> 00:01:38,841 and reimagines the future of the oldest office on Earth. 21 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:53,556 John Paul II is perhaps the most recognizable pope 22 00:01:53,656 --> 00:01:55,124 of the modern era. 23 00:01:55,191 --> 00:01:58,661 - Deliver us, Lord, from every evil. 24 00:01:58,728 --> 00:02:01,497 narrator: Often called the TV Pope, 25 00:02:01,564 --> 00:02:04,901 he brings the papacy directly into the homes of Catholics 26 00:02:05,001 --> 00:02:07,236 and non-Catholics alike. 27 00:02:07,336 --> 00:02:09,839 Over the course of his 28-year reign, 28 00:02:09,906 --> 00:02:13,709 John Paul II makes the Pope an international icon. 29 00:02:16,546 --> 00:02:19,749 - I would challenge anyone to think of the names of two 30 00:02:19,849 --> 00:02:23,319 or three Popes before JP II. 31 00:02:23,386 --> 00:02:25,555 No pope, under any circumstance, 32 00:02:25,655 --> 00:02:30,359 has ever had the impact that JP II had. 33 00:02:30,426 --> 00:02:32,428 narrator: Before John Paul II, 34 00:02:32,528 --> 00:02:37,166 the papacy is a quiet vestige of an ancient tradition. 35 00:02:37,233 --> 00:02:38,768 Popes are religious figureheads 36 00:02:38,868 --> 00:02:41,237 atop a hill in Rome, 37 00:02:41,337 --> 00:02:43,172 notorious for their measured diplomacy 38 00:02:43,239 --> 00:02:45,775 in the face of war and injustice. 39 00:02:45,875 --> 00:02:48,611 - In the earlier part of last century, 40 00:02:48,711 --> 00:02:51,013 secular society wouldn't listen to papal authority, 41 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,115 and the papacy became insulated. 42 00:02:53,216 --> 00:02:56,285 - The Pope seemed to be very far away. 43 00:02:56,385 --> 00:02:59,956 The Pope didn't seem to be involved in your everyday life. 44 00:03:01,457 --> 00:03:04,560 narrator: But Karol Wojtyla, the young Polish scholar 45 00:03:04,627 --> 00:03:07,296 who will become John Paul II, 46 00:03:07,396 --> 00:03:10,566 changes the face of the Catholic church forever. 47 00:03:15,371 --> 00:03:19,542 - His mother died when he was eight years old. 48 00:03:19,609 --> 00:03:21,944 His brother died shortly after that. 49 00:03:23,813 --> 00:03:28,050 He was raised by his father in a very pious household. 50 00:03:28,117 --> 00:03:30,987 His father was a man of deep prayer, a man of piety. 51 00:03:32,955 --> 00:03:38,995 Wojtyla once referred to his home as his first seminary. 52 00:03:39,095 --> 00:03:41,130 - He prayed every day. 53 00:03:41,230 --> 00:03:44,000 There was a kneeler in their living room. 54 00:03:44,100 --> 00:03:46,736 - He was a very deeply spiritual and religious man, 55 00:03:46,802 --> 00:03:48,404 even as a young man. 56 00:03:50,940 --> 00:03:54,443 narrator: In 1938, 18-year-old 57 00:03:54,510 --> 00:03:56,846 Wojtyla moves to Krakow 58 00:03:56,946 --> 00:04:01,117 to attend the Jagiellonian University. 59 00:04:01,183 --> 00:04:05,154 - Wojtyla, as a young man, wanted to be an actor. 60 00:04:05,254 --> 00:04:08,858 - He wanted to study theater and literature, 61 00:04:08,958 --> 00:04:09,959 but he's only able to do that for a year. 62 00:04:10,026 --> 00:04:13,195 - The Nazis invade Poland. 63 00:04:16,999 --> 00:04:20,136 - World War II begins. 64 00:04:20,202 --> 00:04:23,839 It was the Nazis' goal to eviscerate Polish culture, 65 00:04:23,939 --> 00:04:29,211 so the Jagiellonian University in Krakow is closed. 66 00:04:29,312 --> 00:04:32,982 narrator: With his life and country in turmoil, 67 00:04:33,049 --> 00:04:35,785 Wojtyla remains grounded in his faith 68 00:04:35,851 --> 00:04:38,154 and searches for a creative outlet. 69 00:04:40,656 --> 00:04:43,959 - He gathered together with others in an acting troupe 70 00:04:44,026 --> 00:04:46,796 that met in secret. 71 00:04:48,698 --> 00:04:52,868 It was really plays that combined religious 72 00:04:52,968 --> 00:04:58,007 and themes of Christ with anti-Nazi resistance. 73 00:04:58,074 --> 00:05:00,209 - They call it the Rhapsodic Theater. 74 00:05:00,309 --> 00:05:04,013 narrator: But in February 1941, 75 00:05:04,080 --> 00:05:06,849 Wojtyla returns home to find his father, 76 00:05:06,916 --> 00:05:11,420 his only remaining relative, dead of a heart attack. 77 00:05:11,520 --> 00:05:14,590 - He writes at one point that, "At the age of 20, 78 00:05:14,690 --> 00:05:16,592 I lost everyone I ever loved." 79 00:05:16,692 --> 00:05:18,761 So he has to deal with this incredible adversity 80 00:05:18,861 --> 00:05:21,430 of the Nazis 81 00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:25,034 and no college to attend without any family members. 82 00:05:25,101 --> 00:05:29,705 - It is profoundly affecting this young man 83 00:05:29,772 --> 00:05:32,608 who is deeply religious. 84 00:05:32,708 --> 00:05:35,044 He wanted a different kind of Catholicism 85 00:05:35,111 --> 00:05:38,114 than just going to church on Sunday. 86 00:05:38,214 --> 00:05:40,116 - This becomes the catalyst for Karol, which he had to think 87 00:05:40,216 --> 00:05:43,052 about a vocation to the priesthood. 88 00:05:43,119 --> 00:05:46,589 - But he had to make up his mind. 89 00:05:46,689 --> 00:05:52,695 Did he want to be a priest, or did he want to be an actor? 90 00:05:55,564 --> 00:05:59,135 He decided that the priesthood was his calling. 91 00:05:59,235 --> 00:06:03,038 - He joins up with this underground seminary 92 00:06:03,105 --> 00:06:05,708 at great risk to his life. 93 00:06:05,775 --> 00:06:08,144 I think if these people were found out by the Nazis, 94 00:06:08,244 --> 00:06:11,480 they would probably be put to death. 95 00:06:11,580 --> 00:06:15,284 narrator: As war rages around him... 96 00:06:15,384 --> 00:06:19,655 Wojtyla continues to study for the priesthood in secret, 97 00:06:19,755 --> 00:06:25,161 until finally, in 1945, the Allies liberate Poland, 98 00:06:25,261 --> 00:06:27,263 and the Nazis flee. 99 00:06:29,899 --> 00:06:33,836 But as Polish society attempts to rebuild, 100 00:06:33,936 --> 00:06:38,941 a new regime rises to fill the political vacuum, 101 00:06:39,008 --> 00:06:42,178 the Soviet Communist government. 102 00:06:42,278 --> 00:06:43,846 - The Polish church had been almost destroyed 103 00:06:43,946 --> 00:06:45,681 under the Nazis 104 00:06:45,781 --> 00:06:48,684 and then suppressed again under the communism. 105 00:06:48,784 --> 00:06:51,954 - Communism means the state rules over all, 106 00:06:52,021 --> 00:06:54,523 and that faith is frowned upon 107 00:06:54,623 --> 00:06:56,158 because that takes you away 108 00:06:56,258 --> 00:06:58,527 from the imperative of the good of the people. 109 00:06:58,627 --> 00:07:00,029 Your faith is put into the state 110 00:07:00,129 --> 00:07:02,698 instead of being put into God. 111 00:07:02,798 --> 00:07:04,800 People thought of communism as a religion in and of itself, 112 00:07:04,867 --> 00:07:08,370 and so for Karol Wojtyla, this becomes a very big deal. 113 00:07:08,471 --> 00:07:13,042 - Imagine being ruled in succession by Nazism 114 00:07:13,142 --> 00:07:16,145 and then suddenly by communism. 115 00:07:19,448 --> 00:07:22,518 narrator: Religion is not outlawed, 116 00:07:22,618 --> 00:07:24,053 but the communist regime 117 00:07:24,153 --> 00:07:27,056 distributes anti-religious propaganda 118 00:07:27,156 --> 00:07:30,059 and continues persecuting clergymen. 119 00:07:30,159 --> 00:07:32,862 - The church in Eastern Europe had to operate 120 00:07:32,962 --> 00:07:36,532 silently, under government control. 121 00:07:36,632 --> 00:07:38,067 - Wojtyla insisted 122 00:07:38,167 --> 00:07:39,735 that the person has priority over the state, 123 00:07:39,835 --> 00:07:42,071 but that was a message that was very unwelcome 124 00:07:42,171 --> 00:07:44,073 in Communist Poland at the time. 125 00:07:44,173 --> 00:07:45,708 There is this defiance that takes shape 126 00:07:45,808 --> 00:07:47,510 at a very early age. 127 00:07:50,412 --> 00:07:53,582 narrator: Wojtyla holds secret masses in the mountains, 128 00:07:53,682 --> 00:07:55,084 preaching the importance 129 00:07:55,184 --> 00:07:57,553 of spirituality and religious freedom 130 00:07:57,653 --> 00:07:59,655 to his young congregation. 131 00:08:01,824 --> 00:08:04,860 - Karol Wojtyla would have been happy to be a parish priest 132 00:08:04,927 --> 00:08:06,095 for his whole life, 133 00:08:06,195 --> 00:08:08,931 but that wasn't to be. 134 00:08:09,031 --> 00:08:12,601 - Particularly because of his counseling to young people, 135 00:08:12,701 --> 00:08:17,606 he became greatly respected by the hierarchy of the Vatican. 136 00:08:17,706 --> 00:08:23,546 narrator: In 1958, he is named Auxiliary Bishop of Krakow. 137 00:08:24,747 --> 00:08:26,849 - The other Bishops and Cardinals said, 138 00:08:26,916 --> 00:08:30,419 "This is someone who has a lot of promise." 139 00:08:30,519 --> 00:08:35,124 narrator: And in 1962, the young bishop from Poland 140 00:08:35,224 --> 00:08:37,426 will make a splash at a Vatican Council, 141 00:08:37,526 --> 00:08:40,195 where he catches not only the attention of the Pope, 142 00:08:40,262 --> 00:08:43,065 but the entire world. 143 00:08:50,072 --> 00:08:52,775 narrator: The Catholic Church is an institution 144 00:08:52,875 --> 00:08:58,213 rooted in traditions of the past, 145 00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:03,719 but the 1960s were a time of radical social 146 00:09:03,786 --> 00:09:05,621 and political change. 147 00:09:07,556 --> 00:09:09,491 - Beginnings of when we start to see priests and nuns 148 00:09:09,592 --> 00:09:13,162 marching in the Civil Rights Movement, 149 00:09:13,262 --> 00:09:14,930 nuns ditching their habits 150 00:09:14,997 --> 00:09:16,799 and wearing street clothes to teach. 151 00:09:16,899 --> 00:09:18,267 - The world is changing, 152 00:09:18,334 --> 00:09:19,768 and the church has to change to keep up 153 00:09:19,835 --> 00:09:21,937 with what's going on in the world. 154 00:09:22,004 --> 00:09:24,506 The church needed renewal. Needed updating. 155 00:09:28,777 --> 00:09:30,746 male announcer: This is the first Ecumenical Council 156 00:09:30,813 --> 00:09:33,849 in 92 years and only the second in 400 years. 157 00:09:33,949 --> 00:09:35,751 It is solemnly opened as Pope John XXIII-- 158 00:09:35,818 --> 00:09:40,322 narrator: In 1962, officials from all over the world 159 00:09:40,422 --> 00:09:43,692 gather in St. Peter's Basilica for a series of meetings 160 00:09:43,792 --> 00:09:48,364 that will shake the foundation of Catholicism. 161 00:09:48,464 --> 00:09:51,767 The event is called The Second Vatican Council, 162 00:09:51,834 --> 00:09:54,503 or Vatican II. 163 00:09:54,603 --> 00:09:58,173 - Vatican II is the biggest story in the Catholic Church 164 00:09:58,273 --> 00:10:00,275 of the last 200 years. 165 00:10:02,144 --> 00:10:04,046 It called for a decentralization 166 00:10:04,146 --> 00:10:06,482 of Church authority. 167 00:10:06,548 --> 00:10:10,953 - It suggested that the church might be run in different ways. 168 00:10:11,020 --> 00:10:14,890 It produced liturgy in which people could worship 169 00:10:14,990 --> 00:10:16,225 in their own languages. 170 00:10:16,325 --> 00:10:19,361 It also, very cautiously, 171 00:10:19,461 --> 00:10:21,797 began to think about the position of women 172 00:10:21,864 --> 00:10:23,065 in the church. 173 00:10:23,165 --> 00:10:27,236 - It called for an intensified dialogue with Protestants 174 00:10:27,336 --> 00:10:30,139 and with non-Christians. 175 00:10:30,205 --> 00:10:32,374 It called for a healing with the Jews, 176 00:10:32,474 --> 00:10:37,012 greater sensitivity in foreign missions to the local cultures, 177 00:10:37,079 --> 00:10:39,081 a total pivot of a church 178 00:10:39,181 --> 00:10:43,152 that for 200 years considered modernity suspect. 179 00:10:44,853 --> 00:10:47,589 narrator: During Vatican II, Karol Wojtyla 180 00:10:47,690 --> 00:10:52,061 makes an impression on top Vatican officials. 181 00:10:52,161 --> 00:10:57,566 - Dear brothers and sisters, a warm welcome to you all. 182 00:10:57,666 --> 00:11:02,771 - He was an eager participant who often spoke. 183 00:11:02,871 --> 00:11:04,440 - He was able to take part 184 00:11:04,540 --> 00:11:08,377 in many of the debates about theology and ecclesiology. 185 00:11:08,444 --> 00:11:10,779 They came to recognize him as a man who could speak 186 00:11:10,879 --> 00:11:13,849 about the faith with courage and clarity. 187 00:11:13,916 --> 00:11:16,285 They came to appreciate his charismatic character, 188 00:11:16,385 --> 00:11:19,855 his personal magnetism. 189 00:11:19,922 --> 00:11:25,060 narrator: In 1967, Wojtyla is appointed Cardinal, 190 00:11:25,127 --> 00:11:28,797 adding momentum to his ongoing fight for religious freedom 191 00:11:28,897 --> 00:11:31,200 under communist tyranny in Poland. 192 00:11:33,736 --> 00:11:36,305 - He wanted to build a church in Nowa Huta, 193 00:11:36,405 --> 00:11:38,807 and the communists said no, 194 00:11:38,907 --> 00:11:42,811 but he wouldn't take no for an answer. 195 00:11:42,911 --> 00:11:44,980 narrator: Wojtyla erects a large cross 196 00:11:45,080 --> 00:11:48,717 in the center of town, 197 00:11:48,784 --> 00:11:51,453 but communist authorities remove it. 198 00:11:53,322 --> 00:11:57,726 He erects another cross, and again, it is removed. 199 00:11:57,793 --> 00:12:00,329 - He was a very persistent man, 200 00:12:00,429 --> 00:12:02,564 so he's gonna try everything in his power 201 00:12:02,631 --> 00:12:05,467 to get the church built. 202 00:12:05,567 --> 00:12:09,171 narrator: The struggle goes on for a decade, 203 00:12:09,271 --> 00:12:13,675 but eventually, with the help of hundreds of volunteers, 204 00:12:13,776 --> 00:12:15,310 the church is built and becomes a symbol 205 00:12:15,410 --> 00:12:18,080 of unwavering faith 206 00:12:18,147 --> 00:12:20,249 in the face of communist persecution. 207 00:12:21,950 --> 00:12:26,121 - He was always trying to carve out space for church freedom. 208 00:12:26,188 --> 00:12:28,023 - He just believed that ultimately, 209 00:12:28,123 --> 00:12:30,292 truth and justice are going to prevail. 210 00:12:30,359 --> 00:12:33,128 - Wojtyla had taken on the communists. 211 00:12:34,496 --> 00:12:39,935 narrator: In August 1978 a new pope, John Paul I, is elected. 212 00:12:44,973 --> 00:12:46,508 - In an extraordinary turn of events, 213 00:12:46,608 --> 00:12:48,811 he has a massive heart attack, dies in his sleep. 214 00:12:53,015 --> 00:12:57,019 - John Paul I dies after 30 days. 215 00:12:57,119 --> 00:13:01,890 You have to have another election immediately. 216 00:13:01,990 --> 00:13:04,560 - The cardinals saw the death of John Paul I 217 00:13:04,660 --> 00:13:07,696 as a message from God that maybe they needed to think 218 00:13:07,796 --> 00:13:11,200 in a little bit more of an unconventional way. 219 00:13:11,300 --> 00:13:13,068 Why elect a non-Italian Slavic Pope 220 00:13:13,168 --> 00:13:16,505 to make this radical change from the past? 221 00:13:16,572 --> 00:13:18,640 - And that election brings forth Karol Wojtyla, 222 00:13:18,707 --> 00:13:21,910 who comes to be John Paul II. 223 00:13:22,010 --> 00:13:24,213 - The conclave that elected him, 224 00:13:24,313 --> 00:13:27,049 they didn't know what they were gonna get. 225 00:13:29,685 --> 00:13:34,690 narrator: In October 1978, after a conclave lasting only 226 00:13:34,756 --> 00:13:36,925 two days, 227 00:13:37,025 --> 00:13:39,928 58-year-old Karol Wojtyla takes the name 228 00:13:40,028 --> 00:13:43,532 John Paul II to honor his predecessor. 229 00:13:45,701 --> 00:13:50,105 - He was young, he was vigorous, boundless energy, 230 00:13:50,205 --> 00:13:51,039 and this tremendous sense 231 00:13:51,106 --> 00:13:56,945 of having survived two totalitarian regimes. 232 00:13:58,046 --> 00:14:00,549 John Paul II was a larger then life person. 233 00:14:00,949 --> 00:14:02,885 who said, "Open your hearts to Christ." 234 00:14:02,951 --> 00:14:05,387 I think it was watched by millions of people 235 00:14:05,454 --> 00:14:07,189 and hundreds of thousands went to St Peter's Square. 236 00:14:07,890 --> 00:14:11,894 It was a rather extraordinary event. 237 00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:12,594 - [speaking foreign language] 238 00:14:12,694 --> 00:14:15,297 - The feeling in the square 239 00:14:15,397 --> 00:14:18,066 was one of amazement and some confusion. 240 00:14:18,133 --> 00:14:19,801 Who was this guy, Wojtyla? 241 00:14:23,639 --> 00:14:29,244 - The election of JP II really just gave Poland 242 00:14:29,311 --> 00:14:31,313 an electrifying jolt forward. 243 00:14:33,315 --> 00:14:36,952 narrator: Under the thumb of the Soviets, Karol Wojtyla 244 00:14:37,052 --> 00:14:40,322 had rarely been able to speak to large audiences, 245 00:14:40,422 --> 00:14:43,258 but as John Paul II, 246 00:14:43,325 --> 00:14:48,497 his inaugural papal address is broadcast all over the world, 247 00:14:48,597 --> 00:14:50,432 and on this stage, 248 00:14:50,499 --> 00:14:53,902 he gives a special message to his homeland. 249 00:14:53,969 --> 00:14:55,938 - He said, "Be not afraid." 250 00:14:56,004 --> 00:14:58,273 - [speaking foreign language] 251 00:15:00,342 --> 00:15:02,444 - The idea to the modern Poland 252 00:15:02,511 --> 00:15:05,314 in the late 1970s of 253 00:15:05,414 --> 00:15:11,153 "be not afraid" carried enormous impact. 254 00:15:11,253 --> 00:15:13,588 "Don't pay any attention to those communist rats 255 00:15:13,655 --> 00:15:16,024 that are oppressing you." 256 00:15:19,194 --> 00:15:22,464 - Now that he's Pope, communists realize 257 00:15:22,531 --> 00:15:25,200 he was gonna cause more problems for them. 258 00:15:25,300 --> 00:15:29,271 narrator: With the power of the Church at his disposal, 259 00:15:29,338 --> 00:15:34,176 Pope John Paul II prepares to face communism head on. 260 00:15:41,483 --> 00:15:45,454 narrator: In 1978, 261 00:15:45,520 --> 00:15:50,325 the U.S. and the Soviet Union reign as global superpowers. 262 00:15:50,392 --> 00:15:53,528 Communism and democracy stand at odds, 263 00:15:53,628 --> 00:15:57,332 and the world teeters on the edge of nuclear war. 264 00:16:00,002 --> 00:16:04,840 In the Vatican, a Pope who came of age 265 00:16:04,906 --> 00:16:07,909 under Soviet oppression in Poland, 266 00:16:08,010 --> 00:16:10,979 brings a fresh and hopeful voice to the world stage. 267 00:16:11,046 --> 00:16:15,917 - I can still remember the elation of his early years 268 00:16:16,018 --> 00:16:17,686 and the tremendous sense 269 00:16:17,753 --> 00:16:22,758 that God had sent us a megastar as Pope. 270 00:16:22,858 --> 00:16:25,927 He brought this vision to the church. 271 00:16:26,028 --> 00:16:29,197 - When Pope John Paul II was elected, 272 00:16:29,264 --> 00:16:32,000 he pushed the church's influence into areas 273 00:16:32,067 --> 00:16:35,504 where the church had never had a voice before. 274 00:16:37,606 --> 00:16:42,677 - The Vatican realizes that having its own media-- 275 00:16:42,744 --> 00:16:46,715 they have a daily newspaper, the Vatican Radio, 276 00:16:46,782 --> 00:16:48,583 they have a press office-- 277 00:16:48,683 --> 00:16:51,219 it's another way to get the message out. 278 00:16:51,286 --> 00:16:53,021 - He took the papacy to the people. 279 00:16:53,088 --> 00:16:57,259 He became the evangelizer in chief. 280 00:16:57,359 --> 00:17:00,929 narrator: Media and technology allow his pontificate 281 00:17:01,029 --> 00:17:03,098 to reach the furthest corners of the globe. 282 00:17:05,066 --> 00:17:07,636 - This was a real break from the past 283 00:17:07,736 --> 00:17:11,540 because Popes kept to themselves, 284 00:17:11,606 --> 00:17:15,410 but Pope John Paul II was determined to get out there 285 00:17:15,477 --> 00:17:16,945 and let people see him. 286 00:17:17,045 --> 00:17:19,648 It marked a real change in the papacy. 287 00:17:19,748 --> 00:17:22,818 - His access is a completely different kind of access. 288 00:17:22,918 --> 00:17:24,319 The Pope became a household figure 289 00:17:24,419 --> 00:17:26,154 instead of this distant robed figure 290 00:17:26,254 --> 00:17:29,658 who lived behind the walls of Vatican City. 291 00:17:29,758 --> 00:17:34,129 - His outgoing personality, his training as an actor, 292 00:17:34,229 --> 00:17:36,164 all of that becomes a way 293 00:17:36,264 --> 00:17:38,266 to make people feel like the Pope 294 00:17:38,333 --> 00:17:41,903 means something to me. 295 00:17:41,970 --> 00:17:44,106 narrator: As the Pope's message of freedom and faith 296 00:17:44,172 --> 00:17:47,676 permeates the West, 297 00:17:47,776 --> 00:17:51,246 the Soviets tighten their grip on the Eastern Bloc. 298 00:17:51,313 --> 00:17:55,851 John Paul II, the first Polish pope in history, 299 00:17:55,951 --> 00:17:59,354 acts as a beacon of hope to his ravaged homeland. 300 00:17:59,454 --> 00:18:03,825 - For Poland, this was a triumph of the Polish church, 301 00:18:03,925 --> 00:18:05,994 which had been suppressed under the Nazis 302 00:18:06,094 --> 00:18:07,028 and then suppressed again under the communists. 303 00:18:07,129 --> 00:18:10,665 - This young man who's remembering the life 304 00:18:10,765 --> 00:18:13,869 that he had in Poland under communism 305 00:18:13,969 --> 00:18:16,104 and wanting to really rid the world 306 00:18:16,171 --> 00:18:19,808 of what he considered to be a scourge. 307 00:18:19,875 --> 00:18:22,777 narrator: In the spring of 1979, 308 00:18:22,844 --> 00:18:25,280 under the watchful eye of communist authorities, 309 00:18:25,347 --> 00:18:30,552 John Paul II makes his first visit as Pope to Poland. 310 00:18:32,287 --> 00:18:36,024 Millions watch the historic event on TV, 311 00:18:36,124 --> 00:18:41,029 including future U.S. president Ronald Reagan. 312 00:18:41,129 --> 00:18:43,899 - I happened to be with Ronald Reagan watching JP II 313 00:18:43,999 --> 00:18:47,636 get off the airplane in Poland... 314 00:18:50,305 --> 00:18:55,076 Descend the steps, bend over, and kiss the ground. 315 00:18:59,381 --> 00:19:02,851 Really, really emotional. 316 00:19:02,918 --> 00:19:05,887 I looked at Reagan, and he had a tear in his eye. 317 00:19:05,987 --> 00:19:09,858 I interpreted it as having enormous historical experience. 318 00:19:11,826 --> 00:19:15,764 - Reagan recognizes what this pope represents 319 00:19:15,864 --> 00:19:17,098 because Reagan, 320 00:19:17,199 --> 00:19:20,101 of course, is this anti-communist, 321 00:19:20,202 --> 00:19:22,103 and he recognizes this kindred soul 322 00:19:22,204 --> 00:19:25,073 who he believes is gonna change the world. 323 00:19:26,508 --> 00:19:28,910 - [speaking foreign language] 324 00:19:45,227 --> 00:19:47,395 narrator: An estimated 3 million people 325 00:19:47,462 --> 00:19:50,298 attend his mass. 326 00:19:50,398 --> 00:19:51,466 The Pope tells his countrymen 327 00:19:51,566 --> 00:19:54,569 that they cannot be controlled by their government. 328 00:19:54,636 --> 00:19:58,974 He urges Polish Catholics to persevere with the strength 329 00:19:59,074 --> 00:20:00,308 that comes from faith. 330 00:20:04,579 --> 00:20:08,817 - The people who had gathered en masse began to sing 331 00:20:08,917 --> 00:20:11,620 "We want God, we want God." 332 00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:14,289 [crowd singing] 333 00:20:17,459 --> 00:20:19,828 What could the authorities do? 334 00:20:19,928 --> 00:20:21,396 The Pope's assistant whispers to him 335 00:20:21,463 --> 00:20:22,998 after a number of minutes, 336 00:20:23,098 --> 00:20:25,166 "Perhaps we should put an end to this," 337 00:20:25,267 --> 00:20:28,103 and the Pope said back, "No, no, this is why I came." 338 00:20:29,771 --> 00:20:33,441 - He spends nine days there, nine very significant days. 339 00:20:33,508 --> 00:20:34,509 He tells people, 340 00:20:34,609 --> 00:20:36,978 "Don't listen to what the government says about you. 341 00:20:37,078 --> 00:20:38,146 "You're Poles, you're Christians, 342 00:20:38,246 --> 00:20:39,948 "and have a certain dignity 343 00:20:40,015 --> 00:20:42,284 that the state does not uphold." 344 00:20:42,350 --> 00:20:44,185 This lit a spark 345 00:20:44,286 --> 00:20:47,789 that led the Polish people to resist communism. 346 00:20:47,856 --> 00:20:50,859 - Two thirds of the people of the population of Poland 347 00:20:50,959 --> 00:20:52,027 saw him in person. 348 00:20:52,127 --> 00:20:56,164 This was an earthshattering event. 349 00:20:56,264 --> 00:20:57,866 narrator: The Pope's visit inspires an anti-communist 350 00:20:57,966 --> 00:21:02,270 uprising called Solidarity. 351 00:21:02,337 --> 00:21:06,107 - He supports the Solidarity Movement in Poland. 352 00:21:06,174 --> 00:21:07,342 He's able to move forward 353 00:21:07,442 --> 00:21:12,147 the movement against communism in Eastern Europe. 354 00:21:12,213 --> 00:21:13,982 - There are strikes, 355 00:21:14,049 --> 00:21:16,051 the workers are demanding a union, 356 00:21:16,151 --> 00:21:17,986 and the Pope supports them. 357 00:21:18,053 --> 00:21:20,221 Unions and totalitarian systems can't coexist. 358 00:21:20,322 --> 00:21:21,356 The two don't go together, 359 00:21:21,456 --> 00:21:25,727 so the Soviet Union saw him as a real threat. 360 00:21:25,827 --> 00:21:27,729 They followed him. 361 00:21:27,829 --> 00:21:32,233 There was a lot of surveillance of his residence. 362 00:21:32,334 --> 00:21:34,302 They're quite worried about him. 363 00:21:35,503 --> 00:21:38,540 narrator: Threats from the soviets do not derail 364 00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:41,209 John Paul II's mission. 365 00:21:42,177 --> 00:21:46,247 He embarks upon a world tour. 366 00:21:46,348 --> 00:21:49,918 - He makes the world his parish. 367 00:21:50,018 --> 00:21:53,355 - He is someone who was seen in person 368 00:21:53,421 --> 00:21:58,827 by more people than anyone in the history of the Earth. 369 00:21:58,893 --> 00:22:00,895 narrator: Popes had traveled in the past, 370 00:22:00,995 --> 00:22:03,064 but never before had one Pope reached 371 00:22:03,164 --> 00:22:06,768 so many people in so many different places. 372 00:22:06,868 --> 00:22:11,339 - I began flying on John Paul II's jets around the world 373 00:22:11,406 --> 00:22:14,442 as part of the journalistic corps. 374 00:22:14,542 --> 00:22:20,281 He visited 129 countries. He logged over 700,000 miles. 375 00:22:20,382 --> 00:22:21,616 He made 14 trips to Africa. 376 00:22:21,716 --> 00:22:26,921 During that time, the Catholic population of Africa doubled. 377 00:22:27,021 --> 00:22:32,293 - Huge screens, rock and roll screens up behind him. 378 00:22:32,394 --> 00:22:34,963 Today it might seem, "Well, everybody does that." 379 00:22:35,063 --> 00:22:36,865 Not when he started to do it. 380 00:22:36,931 --> 00:22:43,037 The idea of a Pope in stadiums all over the world-- 381 00:22:43,104 --> 00:22:47,075 he had a great understanding of his power. 382 00:22:49,110 --> 00:22:50,478 narrator: John Paul II drives through the streets 383 00:22:50,578 --> 00:22:54,949 in what will come to be known as the Popemobile, 384 00:22:55,049 --> 00:22:56,885 an open vehicle 385 00:22:56,951 --> 00:22:58,386 allowing the Pope to truly connect with the millions 386 00:22:58,453 --> 00:22:59,487 who flocked to see him. 387 00:22:59,587 --> 00:23:02,390 - It wasn't glassed in or anything like that. 388 00:23:02,457 --> 00:23:04,659 He would reach out to the crowds. 389 00:23:04,759 --> 00:23:05,627 He'd pick up babies. 390 00:23:05,727 --> 00:23:08,496 Mingle with people in a very different way 391 00:23:08,596 --> 00:23:11,966 than when he's standing behind an altar. 392 00:23:12,066 --> 00:23:14,502 This left him open, but it also left him open 393 00:23:14,602 --> 00:23:17,505 in ways that may be dangerous. 394 00:23:17,605 --> 00:23:21,309 narrator: As the Pope reaches more and more people, 395 00:23:21,409 --> 00:23:25,346 and his message of defiance becomes louder, 396 00:23:25,447 --> 00:23:28,283 the target on his back becomes larger. 397 00:23:36,090 --> 00:23:37,358 narrator: As John Paul II tours the world, 398 00:23:37,459 --> 00:23:42,263 spreading his message of faith and freedom, 399 00:23:42,330 --> 00:23:47,368 the superstar Pope amasses millions of adoring fans-- 400 00:23:47,469 --> 00:23:50,371 and one powerful enemy. 401 00:23:50,472 --> 00:23:53,208 - The Pope, former Cardinal Karol Wojtyla of Poland, 402 00:23:53,308 --> 00:23:56,377 shot today in serious condition. 403 00:23:59,047 --> 00:24:00,281 narrator: In the middle of a cheering crowd 404 00:24:00,348 --> 00:24:01,382 in St Peter's Square... 405 00:24:04,152 --> 00:24:08,556 Pope John Paul II is shot. 406 00:24:11,459 --> 00:24:14,195 [crowd screaming] 407 00:24:19,567 --> 00:24:21,970 The shooter is immediately apprehended and arrested. 408 00:24:24,739 --> 00:24:28,643 - The bullet misses the main artery by fractions of inches. 409 00:24:31,679 --> 00:24:34,482 He always credits Blessed Mother with saving him. 410 00:24:34,549 --> 00:24:38,353 One hand fired, but another guided the bullet, 411 00:24:38,419 --> 00:24:40,555 and that other is the Blessed Mother. 412 00:24:42,657 --> 00:24:44,592 narrator: The would-be assassin claims the order 413 00:24:44,692 --> 00:24:47,428 to kill the Pope came down from the KGB, 414 00:24:47,529 --> 00:24:50,098 a bombshell accusation that Italian police 415 00:24:50,198 --> 00:24:52,600 are never able to prove. 416 00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:55,336 - Whether there were orders from Moscow, 417 00:24:55,403 --> 00:24:58,706 nobody's ever been able to find them, 418 00:24:58,773 --> 00:24:59,607 but the Soviets, 419 00:24:59,707 --> 00:25:03,578 they understood what a threat he was. 420 00:25:03,678 --> 00:25:05,113 I think the most credible explanation 421 00:25:05,213 --> 00:25:07,782 is that the would-be assassin 422 00:25:07,882 --> 00:25:11,786 undertook an opportunistic moment 423 00:25:11,886 --> 00:25:15,957 to carry out what the Soviets wanted. 424 00:25:16,758 --> 00:25:18,126 narrator: Eventually, Pope John Paul II 425 00:25:18,226 --> 00:25:22,530 visits his shooter in prison. 426 00:25:22,597 --> 00:25:26,234 - He decides to meet with the man who tries to kill him. 427 00:25:26,301 --> 00:25:27,435 He's offering forgiveness to this person 428 00:25:27,535 --> 00:25:31,272 who has done this horrible thing to him. 429 00:25:31,372 --> 00:25:33,741 That's a profound moment. 430 00:25:33,808 --> 00:25:36,311 - That's justice for an unjust act. 431 00:25:36,411 --> 00:25:38,112 Yet the Holy Father shows him mercy 432 00:25:38,212 --> 00:25:39,480 by forgiving him, 433 00:25:39,581 --> 00:25:40,648 and it says something about leadership. 434 00:25:40,748 --> 00:25:43,618 It's about sacrifice on behalf of the people you lead. 435 00:25:46,754 --> 00:25:49,891 narrator: Just 22 days after eluding death, the resilient 436 00:25:49,958 --> 00:25:52,293 Pope returns to the Vatican. 437 00:25:52,393 --> 00:25:54,228 - His papacy is not adversely affected 438 00:25:54,295 --> 00:25:56,397 in any significant way 439 00:25:56,464 --> 00:25:58,433 by the assassination attempt. 440 00:25:58,499 --> 00:26:00,234 There's a short interruption, but he continues to travel. 441 00:26:02,937 --> 00:26:07,275 narrator: In June 1981, 442 00:26:07,342 --> 00:26:10,244 the Kremlin declares martial law in Poland. 443 00:26:12,413 --> 00:26:14,616 Thousands of activists are jailed, 444 00:26:14,682 --> 00:26:18,620 and almost 100 members of the Solidarity Movement 445 00:26:18,686 --> 00:26:21,489 are killed. 446 00:26:21,589 --> 00:26:24,359 - He grew up under Nazism, and then communism 447 00:26:24,459 --> 00:26:27,495 further represses Polish society. 448 00:26:27,595 --> 00:26:30,298 That's his formation. This is his culture. 449 00:26:30,365 --> 00:26:31,766 He wants to try to restore 450 00:26:31,833 --> 00:26:33,601 this fundamental principle of justice. 451 00:26:33,668 --> 00:26:36,671 - Pope John Paul II sees a people 452 00:26:36,771 --> 00:26:39,474 that are oppressed by the Soviet Union, 453 00:26:39,540 --> 00:26:41,809 and he sees something that is wrong, 454 00:26:41,876 --> 00:26:43,678 and he wants to set it right. 455 00:26:46,648 --> 00:26:47,448 narrator: Breaking with hundreds of years 456 00:26:47,515 --> 00:26:52,053 of Vatican political neutrality, 457 00:26:52,153 --> 00:26:55,723 Pope John Paul II meets with President Ronald Reagan, 458 00:26:55,823 --> 00:26:58,860 determined to unite in a common mission. 459 00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:01,396 - So, many people thought Ronald Reagan had to be 460 00:27:01,496 --> 00:27:03,564 a Catholic, but wasn't. 461 00:27:03,665 --> 00:27:04,565 - As you know, Your Holiness, 462 00:27:04,666 --> 00:27:07,568 this is my first visit to Europe as president. 463 00:27:07,669 --> 00:27:10,238 - Reagan had a basic desire to throw off 464 00:27:10,338 --> 00:27:13,141 the shackles of communism, 465 00:27:13,207 --> 00:27:15,510 and the Pope is an international figure 466 00:27:15,576 --> 00:27:19,681 who has enormous moral suasion and force, 467 00:27:19,747 --> 00:27:21,916 and he wanted to do something, 468 00:27:22,016 --> 00:27:25,553 so there was a combination of forces. 469 00:27:26,654 --> 00:27:28,723 narrator: The Vatican and White House 470 00:27:28,823 --> 00:27:33,561 work together to fund the Polish Solidarity Movement. 471 00:27:33,661 --> 00:27:36,364 - John Paul II would show up in major cities 472 00:27:36,431 --> 00:27:38,766 where the Solidarity Movement was strong, 473 00:27:38,866 --> 00:27:40,535 and there would be a million people 474 00:27:40,601 --> 00:27:43,938 there listening to his every word, 475 00:27:44,038 --> 00:27:46,574 and every time he used the word Solidarity, 476 00:27:46,674 --> 00:27:50,211 they knew he was speaking their language. 477 00:27:50,278 --> 00:27:53,281 - The Solidarity Movement probably would have died 478 00:27:53,381 --> 00:27:54,916 but were it not for 479 00:27:55,016 --> 00:27:57,618 the involvement of Reagan and the Pope, 480 00:27:57,719 --> 00:28:00,354 a holy alliance between the Church 481 00:28:00,421 --> 00:28:03,291 and the Reagan presidency, 482 00:28:03,391 --> 00:28:08,396 to help undermine communism in Poland. 483 00:28:10,298 --> 00:28:12,800 narrator: With the support of Reagan and the Pope, 484 00:28:12,900 --> 00:28:17,772 Solidarity membership grows to more than ten million. 485 00:28:17,872 --> 00:28:22,810 In July 1983, the movement overthrows the Polish military 486 00:28:22,910 --> 00:28:25,146 and martial law is lifted. 487 00:28:27,315 --> 00:28:30,651 The Pope is praised all over the world as a brave activist, 488 00:28:30,752 --> 00:28:35,490 capable of catalyzing real global change. 489 00:28:35,590 --> 00:28:38,459 - It was a convergence of time, 490 00:28:38,559 --> 00:28:40,762 and the commitment of will by the Holy Father, 491 00:28:40,828 --> 00:28:43,464 the commitment of the United States made this possible. 492 00:28:43,564 --> 00:28:45,399 Just an extraordinary moment. 493 00:28:45,466 --> 00:28:48,436 - It's because of actions he took in Poland, 494 00:28:48,503 --> 00:28:51,305 that really sets forward a chain of events 495 00:28:51,405 --> 00:28:54,008 that helps lead to the fall of the Berlin Wall 496 00:28:54,108 --> 00:28:57,445 and the collapse of the Soviet Union. 497 00:28:57,512 --> 00:28:59,847 narrator: John Paul II fundamentally changes 498 00:28:59,947 --> 00:29:04,786 the role of the papacy for generations to come. 499 00:29:04,852 --> 00:29:07,688 He takes an institution known for its quiet piety 500 00:29:07,789 --> 00:29:09,924 in the face of war and tragedy 501 00:29:09,991 --> 00:29:14,695 and uses the platform to change history. 502 00:29:14,796 --> 00:29:17,498 - This doesn't mean that every one of his decisions 503 00:29:17,598 --> 00:29:20,501 as Pope was perfect. 504 00:29:22,470 --> 00:29:26,007 It doesn't mean he never made mistakes. 505 00:29:26,107 --> 00:29:31,712 - John Paul II made the papacy glamorous and exciting. 506 00:29:34,048 --> 00:29:38,986 But the danger now is that people remember the glamour, 507 00:29:39,053 --> 00:29:40,721 and they don't recognize 508 00:29:40,822 --> 00:29:43,958 the really serious defects in his papacy. 509 00:29:46,828 --> 00:29:49,564 He did nothing about the sexual abuse 510 00:29:49,664 --> 00:29:52,366 by priests all over the world, 511 00:29:52,466 --> 00:29:54,702 not just here in the United States. 512 00:29:54,802 --> 00:30:00,741 - He did not seek to aggressively investigate, 513 00:30:00,842 --> 00:30:03,578 didn't much want to know about it, 514 00:30:03,678 --> 00:30:05,746 and it's a stain. 515 00:30:05,847 --> 00:30:09,851 - He knew how to be heroic in front of tyranny, 516 00:30:09,917 --> 00:30:12,920 but he could never really grasp 517 00:30:13,020 --> 00:30:15,890 how to deal with the modern Western World. 518 00:30:17,992 --> 00:30:20,761 narrator: In a world rapidly changing its views 519 00:30:20,862 --> 00:30:24,098 on civil rights and sexual freedom, 520 00:30:24,198 --> 00:30:30,438 John Paul II's social policies remained deeply traditional. 521 00:30:30,538 --> 00:30:31,606 - He spoke out about human rights 522 00:30:31,706 --> 00:30:32,607 almost everywhere he went, 523 00:30:32,707 --> 00:30:34,542 but John Paul II did not hesitate 524 00:30:34,609 --> 00:30:36,944 to wade into controversial issues-- 525 00:30:37,044 --> 00:30:40,615 the reproductive rights, population control-- 526 00:30:40,715 --> 00:30:44,418 and he was known as somewhat an authoritarian. 527 00:30:44,518 --> 00:30:47,054 - He shut down debates on major issues. 528 00:30:47,121 --> 00:30:51,959 He wanted everybody to believe what he believed. 529 00:30:52,059 --> 00:30:55,897 - The great irony of John Paul II's papacy 530 00:30:55,963 --> 00:30:59,267 is that while he tried to boost papal authority, 531 00:30:59,367 --> 00:31:00,768 at his death, 532 00:31:00,868 --> 00:31:02,770 despite the millions at his funeral, 533 00:31:02,870 --> 00:31:05,973 papal authority was lower and respect for the papacy 534 00:31:06,073 --> 00:31:10,111 was lower than at any time in recent history. 535 00:31:10,211 --> 00:31:11,112 He was a rock star, 536 00:31:11,212 --> 00:31:12,813 but even people who respected the papacy 537 00:31:12,914 --> 00:31:14,815 knew they couldn't trust it anymore. 538 00:31:14,916 --> 00:31:19,654 - It took his successors to finally say, 539 00:31:19,754 --> 00:31:22,790 "We must deal with this." 540 00:31:22,890 --> 00:31:26,794 narrator: Despite all he accomplished, 541 00:31:26,894 --> 00:31:29,563 John Paul II's successors are tasked 542 00:31:29,630 --> 00:31:33,668 with renewing the world's faith in a broken church. 543 00:31:42,910 --> 00:31:45,012 narrator: At the beginning of the 20th century, 544 00:31:45,112 --> 00:31:48,816 popes keep quiet in the face of secular unrest. 545 00:31:51,152 --> 00:31:52,853 But John Paul II uses his platform 546 00:31:52,954 --> 00:31:56,524 to ignite real change in the name of faith 547 00:31:56,624 --> 00:31:59,760 and human rights. 548 00:31:59,827 --> 00:32:05,166 - We now, today, expect the Pope to be a global spokesman 549 00:32:05,266 --> 00:32:07,134 for people who are oppressed. 550 00:32:07,201 --> 00:32:09,036 We expect him to be a moral voice. 551 00:32:09,136 --> 00:32:14,875 That is, in part, the legacy of John Paul II. 552 00:32:14,976 --> 00:32:16,877 narrator: Although he is responsible 553 00:32:16,978 --> 00:32:19,981 for making the Pope a player on the world stage, 554 00:32:20,047 --> 00:32:22,883 he is also responsible for many of the obstacles 555 00:32:22,984 --> 00:32:26,887 the modern papacy is still working to overcome. 556 00:32:26,988 --> 00:32:30,658 - He had a tendency to regard any other view 557 00:32:30,725 --> 00:32:34,061 of being a Catholic as a piece of treachery. 558 00:32:34,161 --> 00:32:36,063 - He came down hard on some issues 559 00:32:36,163 --> 00:32:38,065 that were not popular, like birth control. 560 00:32:38,165 --> 00:32:41,035 With Pope Benedict, we got more of the same. 561 00:32:41,135 --> 00:32:43,070 Benedict was a teacher and a very doctrinal Pope. 562 00:32:49,043 --> 00:32:53,180 - Benedict was one of the cleverest Popes 563 00:32:53,247 --> 00:32:54,749 in papal history, 564 00:32:54,849 --> 00:32:57,151 one of the best educated, 565 00:32:57,218 --> 00:32:59,820 but he was scared by the revolutionary energies 566 00:32:59,887 --> 00:33:02,223 which Vatican II unleashed, 567 00:33:02,323 --> 00:33:05,693 and he spent his day fighting against that. 568 00:33:05,760 --> 00:33:09,096 Benedict could not see that the tide will come in, 569 00:33:09,196 --> 00:33:12,933 and there's nothing you can do about it. 570 00:33:13,034 --> 00:33:17,738 narrator: Pope Benedict XVI is known as a scholar. 571 00:33:17,838 --> 00:33:19,540 Through his prolific writings, 572 00:33:19,607 --> 00:33:22,109 he defends fundamental Christian values 573 00:33:22,209 --> 00:33:25,913 and rarely travels or makes public appearances. 574 00:33:26,013 --> 00:33:29,216 - John Paul II makes it very difficult for his successors. 575 00:33:29,283 --> 00:33:31,952 Benedict XVI was more of a theologian. 576 00:33:32,053 --> 00:33:34,755 This is a strenuous position for him 577 00:33:34,855 --> 00:33:36,223 because he's not the kind of guy 578 00:33:36,290 --> 00:33:37,625 who's out in front of the camera. 579 00:33:37,725 --> 00:33:39,593 It's difficult for him. 580 00:33:39,693 --> 00:33:42,596 He doesn't have that same kind of charisma. 581 00:33:42,696 --> 00:33:44,532 narrator: In 2013, 582 00:33:44,598 --> 00:33:46,634 unable to meet the demands of the modern papacy, 583 00:33:46,734 --> 00:33:50,538 Benedict XVI resigns. 584 00:33:50,604 --> 00:33:56,777 - Benedict resigns chiefly because he could not keep up. 585 00:33:56,877 --> 00:33:58,612 narrator: After Benedict's resignation, 586 00:33:58,712 --> 00:34:00,147 the College of Cardinals 587 00:34:00,247 --> 00:34:04,585 realizes that the church needs a progressive voice. 588 00:34:04,652 --> 00:34:06,720 The first Jesuit Pope and the first Pope 589 00:34:06,787 --> 00:34:08,155 to come from the Americas is elected. 590 00:34:14,795 --> 00:34:17,064 - Francis is a tremendously interesting man in that 591 00:34:17,131 --> 00:34:19,967 he is Argentinian. 592 00:34:20,067 --> 00:34:23,003 - There's a simplicity and a humanity. 593 00:34:23,104 --> 00:34:23,938 - As a cardinal, as a Bishop, 594 00:34:24,004 --> 00:34:26,340 he went into dangerous areas. 595 00:34:26,440 --> 00:34:30,778 He shared people's lives and homes and meals with them. 596 00:34:30,845 --> 00:34:33,180 It's part of a larger movement 597 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:35,516 within the South American clergy 598 00:34:35,616 --> 00:34:40,187 to ally themselves with the poor, unlike any other Popes. 599 00:34:40,287 --> 00:34:42,289 narrator: With Pope Francis comes an era 600 00:34:42,356 --> 00:34:46,160 of unprecedented change. 601 00:34:46,260 --> 00:34:49,130 he has made revolutionary statements about divorce, 602 00:34:49,196 --> 00:34:50,364 birth control, 603 00:34:50,464 --> 00:34:53,300 even offered forgiveness for women who've had abortions. 604 00:34:53,367 --> 00:34:58,372 He also rejects traditional church pomp and circumstance. 605 00:34:58,472 --> 00:35:02,042 - Right off the bat, of course, Francis rode the bus 606 00:35:02,143 --> 00:35:03,310 with the Cardinals, 607 00:35:03,377 --> 00:35:05,880 refused the chauffeured car; 608 00:35:05,980 --> 00:35:08,816 he kept his old pair of black shoes. 609 00:35:08,883 --> 00:35:10,985 These are small, token things, 610 00:35:11,051 --> 00:35:14,121 but in the popular imagination of Catholics, 611 00:35:14,188 --> 00:35:16,557 they count for quite a bit. 612 00:35:16,657 --> 00:35:18,859 - Giving communion to divorced Catholics who were remarried, 613 00:35:18,959 --> 00:35:22,196 trying to say that homosexuals 614 00:35:22,296 --> 00:35:25,332 who are trying to follow Christ in their lives 615 00:35:25,399 --> 00:35:27,234 should not be spoken against. 616 00:35:27,334 --> 00:35:30,804 This is what gives him his tremendous popularity, 617 00:35:30,871 --> 00:35:33,741 his ability to talk to all sorts of different people, 618 00:35:33,841 --> 00:35:35,709 and to listen. 619 00:35:35,809 --> 00:35:39,747 - His project is to get the church to grow up, 620 00:35:39,847 --> 00:35:44,318 to live with difficulty of difference, to be more open, 621 00:35:44,385 --> 00:35:47,254 to be more welcoming and more merciful, 622 00:35:47,354 --> 00:35:50,591 and he's having to use all the weight of the papacy 623 00:35:50,691 --> 00:35:52,092 to achieve that. 624 00:35:52,193 --> 00:35:54,762 narrator: Francis continues to challenge 625 00:35:54,862 --> 00:35:58,165 some of the core tenets of Catholicism. 626 00:35:58,232 --> 00:36:02,269 As the world changes faster than ever before, 627 00:36:02,369 --> 00:36:06,907 how will he lead this ancient office into the future? 628 00:36:17,384 --> 00:36:20,788 narrator: 2,000 years ago, 629 00:36:20,888 --> 00:36:22,856 one could not have envisioned the world 630 00:36:22,923 --> 00:36:26,727 contemporary popes would have to navigate, 631 00:36:26,794 --> 00:36:31,699 and yet, John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis, 632 00:36:31,765 --> 00:36:37,137 have reimagined the ancient institution in a modern world. 633 00:36:37,238 --> 00:36:39,740 - The papacy is a complex institution. 634 00:36:39,807 --> 00:36:43,877 It develops even in spite of some of the popes. 635 00:36:43,944 --> 00:36:46,113 - From day one, Pope Francis said the papacy 636 00:36:46,213 --> 00:36:50,451 has to be adapted to modern times. 637 00:36:50,551 --> 00:36:53,921 He has let it be known that the church's main role 638 00:36:53,988 --> 00:36:57,324 is not to issue decrees, rules and documents, 639 00:36:57,424 --> 00:37:02,229 but to get as close as possible to everyday people. 640 00:37:02,296 --> 00:37:05,733 narrator: With 21st century technology, 641 00:37:05,799 --> 00:37:08,402 the papacy is able to reach more everyday people 642 00:37:08,469 --> 00:37:11,338 than ever before. 643 00:37:11,438 --> 00:37:15,009 - The Pope's on Twitter, 644 00:37:15,109 --> 00:37:16,176 and when we thought about a Twitter handle, 645 00:37:16,277 --> 00:37:18,178 one of the titles of the pope is pontifex, 646 00:37:18,279 --> 00:37:22,116 which is an old title of the Roman Emperor 647 00:37:22,182 --> 00:37:24,018 which is about the bridge builder, 648 00:37:24,118 --> 00:37:26,153 and we thought bridge building would be a nice image, 649 00:37:26,253 --> 00:37:27,955 because what the pope was trying to do 650 00:37:28,022 --> 00:37:29,089 in social media was build bridges. 651 00:37:29,156 --> 00:37:31,759 - His predecessor, John Paul II, 652 00:37:31,825 --> 00:37:34,995 had answers before the questions had been asked. 653 00:37:35,095 --> 00:37:36,797 Francis is a listener. 654 00:37:36,864 --> 00:37:38,299 - We're trying to build now is a structure 655 00:37:38,365 --> 00:37:40,134 where if somebody has a question out of an interest, 656 00:37:40,200 --> 00:37:42,936 or as happens very often, the pope tweets 657 00:37:43,003 --> 00:37:44,305 and there's somebody coming back saying, 658 00:37:44,371 --> 00:37:48,175 "My child is sick, could somebody pray for my child?" 659 00:37:48,275 --> 00:37:50,010 We're trying to get communities around the world 660 00:37:50,110 --> 00:37:52,012 to give a response to the people 661 00:37:52,112 --> 00:37:54,481 so that our communication isn't just one way. 662 00:37:54,548 --> 00:37:55,516 It's interactive. 663 00:37:55,616 --> 00:38:01,221 - A Pope embracing change can move the world. 664 00:38:04,158 --> 00:38:06,894 narrator: The last three men to hold the Holy Office 665 00:38:06,994 --> 00:38:08,896 have taken an ancient tradition 666 00:38:08,996 --> 00:38:11,398 and translated it for a modern era. 667 00:38:14,134 --> 00:38:16,403 - John Paul throws open the doors of the papacy 668 00:38:16,503 --> 00:38:20,974 and says we will engage at the highest level. 669 00:38:21,041 --> 00:38:24,078 Then you have Benedict who is a professor, who revives 670 00:38:24,178 --> 00:38:26,580 the great philosophical tradition of the church. 671 00:38:26,680 --> 00:38:33,220 And then you have Francis, who said, "In God is mercy." 672 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:36,056 So in those three men, we have the mind 673 00:38:36,156 --> 00:38:38,058 and the soul and the heart, 674 00:38:38,158 --> 00:38:39,326 and the combination, I think, 675 00:38:39,393 --> 00:38:42,262 really present a holistic picture 676 00:38:42,363 --> 00:38:43,097 of what the papacy is, 677 00:38:43,197 --> 00:38:46,400 especially in this modern time. 678 00:38:53,374 --> 00:38:56,710 - The word pope comes from the Greek, papas, 679 00:38:56,777 --> 00:38:59,012 which means father. 680 00:38:59,079 --> 00:39:00,114 - This is something that in some eras 681 00:39:00,214 --> 00:39:03,083 was probably lost when popes 682 00:39:03,183 --> 00:39:04,284 acted like princes or kings 683 00:39:04,385 --> 00:39:08,422 and ruled over their subjects, but in the modern age, 684 00:39:08,522 --> 00:39:11,291 I think it's come back very much to the forefront. 685 00:39:13,961 --> 00:39:16,563 Francis kids around with people, he makes jokes, 686 00:39:16,630 --> 00:39:19,400 he listens, takes selfies. 687 00:39:19,466 --> 00:39:25,139 His whole mode of being Pope is fatherly. 688 00:39:25,239 --> 00:39:28,308 [children praying in unison] 689 00:39:38,252 --> 00:39:41,321 narrator: 2,000 years after God deems Peter the rock 690 00:39:41,422 --> 00:39:45,058 upon which he would build his church, 691 00:39:45,125 --> 00:39:47,561 the papacy remains a beacon of faith and unity. 692 00:39:50,597 --> 00:39:54,101 - Being pope today is totally different than being pope 693 00:39:54,168 --> 00:39:56,236 in the early days of the church, 694 00:39:56,303 --> 00:39:59,273 but Peter is always kept in mind 695 00:39:59,339 --> 00:40:03,010 by every single person who sits on Peter's throne. 696 00:40:03,110 --> 00:40:06,480 - The reason the papacy has been able to be so vibrant, 697 00:40:06,580 --> 00:40:09,416 - Francis understands what the papacy is, 698 00:40:09,483 --> 00:40:13,687 but at the same time, he's made it his own. 699 00:40:13,787 --> 00:40:16,190 - We have generations of young people who are not 700 00:40:16,290 --> 00:40:18,659 going to automatically join the church 701 00:40:18,759 --> 00:40:21,195 just because their parents did. 702 00:40:21,295 --> 00:40:24,097 Francis wants to bring a new energy 703 00:40:24,164 --> 00:40:28,202 and a whole new perspective to get people's attention. 704 00:40:28,302 --> 00:40:30,270 - He's been a huge encouragement 705 00:40:30,337 --> 00:40:32,506 to a huge number of Catholics 706 00:40:32,606 --> 00:40:37,311 who have felt increasingly ashamed of the institution, 707 00:40:37,377 --> 00:40:39,012 worried by it, 708 00:40:39,112 --> 00:40:41,548 and he's put a spring back 709 00:40:41,648 --> 00:40:44,351 in the step of a great many Catholics. 710 00:40:47,187 --> 00:40:49,623 - If I could answer the question of what's next, 711 00:40:49,690 --> 00:40:51,358 that would be a very marketable skill 712 00:40:51,458 --> 00:40:52,392 that I could bring anywhere in the world, 713 00:40:52,493 --> 00:40:55,629 and I wouldn't presume to know what's next. 714 00:40:55,696 --> 00:40:58,465 The thing I'm interested-- how the patterns 715 00:40:58,532 --> 00:41:02,002 of communication are going to change things, 716 00:41:02,069 --> 00:41:03,504 and I think we're only at the beginning of that. 717 00:41:07,541 --> 00:41:10,577 narrator: Throughout the ages, 718 00:41:10,677 --> 00:41:16,383 popes have been revered and disgraced. 719 00:41:16,483 --> 00:41:22,089 Some have built walls while others have torn them down, 720 00:41:22,189 --> 00:41:26,326 but despite war and famine, 721 00:41:26,393 --> 00:41:29,763 through enlightenment and innovation, 722 00:41:29,863 --> 00:41:33,934 the 266 men who've held this sacred office 723 00:41:34,034 --> 00:41:37,504 have made the pope 724 00:41:37,571 --> 00:41:40,073 the most powerful man in history.