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Downloaded from
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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[birds chirping]

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[chainsaw rumbling]

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[insects chirping]

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[wood crackling]

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[crackling intensifies]

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[loud crash]

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[light suspenseful music]

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But surely you must realize
that this is their home.

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These Indigenous tribes
have been living on this land

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for hundreds of years.

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[soft dramatic music]

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[Kate Winslet]
Our Earth...

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She is ever in flow and motion.

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A dynamic symphony of forces
all working together,

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breathing life into
the four corners of the world.

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[thunder rumbling]

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And for millennia,
cultures the world over

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have called her their mother.

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[deep inhaling]

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[gentle exhaling]

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[deep inhaling]

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[gentle exhaling]

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[dramatic music intensifies]

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[dramatic music continues]

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[music stops abruptly]

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[somber music]

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[Mr. Brockway]
We live on an incredibly
beautiful planet.

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A home that we will hopefully
pass on to generations to come.

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But as the years go by,
it's becoming

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increasingly hard to imagine

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what kind of a world
we're leaving behind us.

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[thunder rumbling]

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We've spent the last four
years traveling around the world

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filming the stark reality
that people now face

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from the threat
of ecological collapse.

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It's now become very clear to us

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that there's one thing
driving the destruction

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of our ecosystems
faster than anything else.

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Let us show you
how this very same thing

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might just also be
our salvation.

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[gentle somber music]

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[Dr. Kong]
Climate and environmental
scientists

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warn that we are
fast approaching

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the point of no return

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if we don't make
a substantial course reversal.

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[Prof. Wadhams]
We'll see really serious
catastrophic effects

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in the next few years, certainly
in the next decade or two.

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The world will be
completely different

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from the way it is now.

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[Kate Winslet]
Since 1900,
we have seen a dramatic increase

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in worldwide
weather related disasters.

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There have now been four times
more weather related disasters

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in the last 50 years
than in the previous 100.

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[Mr. Rifkin]
We began to work
together to move

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this issue onto the global
center stage.

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There was a lot of discussion
about the contribution

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from buildings
and from industrial factories,

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but I became aware during
that same period of time

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that there was another factor
that was going undiscussed,

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and that is the role
of animal agriculture,
which I could see was playing

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some significant role
around the planet.

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But this was
the elephant in the room
no one wanted to talk about.

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Whatever environmental issue
you want to look at

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from species loss
to water pollution,

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to water use, to climate change,
animal agriculture

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is one of the top causes.

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[Dr. Kong]
The critical,
widespread negative impact

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of animal agriculture
on our planet is undeniable.

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Severe global crises

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from climate change

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and environmental damage
to species extinction,

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hunger, poverty, disease
and antibiotic resistance,

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all of these have
direct connections

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to animal agriculture

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and the massive inefficiency

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of our current food
production systems.

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[Kate Winslet]
A report published by
WikiLeaks as far back as 2009,

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exposed the conversations
between Nestlé executives

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and U.S. officials
called "The Tour D'Horizon."

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The Nestlé executives said that
their own research had shown

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that the world was set
to run out of fresh water

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within the next 30 years.

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It stated that one
of the greatest reasons

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for our detour down
this catastrophic path

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is the global demand
for meat products.

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[Prof. Wadhams]
If you look at the impact
that food choice has on--

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on global warming,
it's very significant.

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Eating meat is huge
for global climate,

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and that's something
where personal choice
is the determining factor.

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So there's the only case
I can think of

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where individual human choice

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would have a big effect,
would be food.

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We're now over the line.

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And the idea that we're going
to double meat production

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between now and 2050,

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this is just unsustainable.

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This is going to have to give.

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Our diet is taking us
to an abyss.

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[dramatic musical sting]

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[Mr. De Schutter]
A significant reason
why livestock production

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has been having
such a huge impact
on greenhouse gas emissions

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is because of the large surfaces

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of forests
that have been destroyed

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in order to make room
for pastures and for the growth

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of soybean and maize
for feedstock production.

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[Kate Winslet]
Our forests were once full
of the most incredible life.

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In more recent years, we began
to grow an insatiable appetite

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for meat and dairy, and as
our demand for more meat grew,

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we needed more and more land.

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So we slashed and burned our way
through the pristine forests,

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destroying
everything in our paths

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to make way for the animals
we desired to eat.

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As these animals
weren't allowed to roam free

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as they naturally
do in the wild,

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their grazing areas
soon became empty,

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and so, of course,
we needed to feed them,

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so again,
we slashed and burned our way

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through more and more forests,

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sowed the ground
with genetically
enhanced corn and soya,

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and then dowsed it
in pesticides,

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herbicides and synthetic
chemical fertilizer.

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[dramatic music]

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Animal agriculture has literally
changed the face of our planet.

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The green land
is used for human crops.

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A great area
that spans the globe.

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And yet the land we use
for animal agriculture,

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shown in red, now occupies vast
amounts of our Earth's land,

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a far greater area
than that used for human crops.

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Almost all the Earth's surface
has-- now bears the mark

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of some kind of human impact,

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and most of that
is livestock production.

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Agriculture has transformed
the planet like nothing else.

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To produce milk, we farm an area
about the size of Brazil.

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To produce beef, we farm an area
about the size of Canada,

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the United States,
the whole of Central America,

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Venezuela,
Colombia and Ecuador combined.

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To produce eggs, we farm
an area the size of Sweden.

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To produce aquaculture feed, an
area about the size of the UK.

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A plant-based diet would reduce
the amount of land required

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to produce our food
by 3.1 billion hectares.

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That's an area the size
of the entire African continent.

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[Kate Winslet]
The Amazon is the world's
largest tropical rainforest.

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This ancient
and richly biodiverse world

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is slowly being replaced.

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It is often assumed
that much of the soy

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being planted in Brazil
is for human consumption.

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In fact, less than
six percent of the soy

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grown across the globe
is fed to humans.

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The vast majority
is grown to create

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animal feed for livestock.

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The soy is exported
all around the world

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and fed to the billions
of chickens, farmed fish,

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pigs and cows
that we eat each day.

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The forests are not
only home to millions

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of species of wildlife
and plants,

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but are also great regulators
of our planet's atmosphere.

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Day by day, they slowly
breathe in the carbon dioxide

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whilst producing billions
of tons of fresh oxygen

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for our air.

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[dramatic music continues]

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Each year,
an estimated 18 million

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acres of forest are lost,

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which is roughly the size
of the country of Panama.

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It is thought
that about half of the Earth's

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mature tropical forests
have now been destroyed,

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and some scientists
have predicted

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that unless significant measures
are taken on a worldwide basis,

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by 2030, only ten percent
of the forests will remain.

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[somber piano music]

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[birds and insects chirping]

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[Sir Branson] One of the most
precious things we have in
the world is our rainforests.

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The rainforests are
literally being chewed away,

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um, by farmers who know
they can make money

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by cutting another acre,
and then another acre,

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and then another acre for meat.

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[somber piano music continues]

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[Kate Winslet]
Each year,
hundreds of tribespeople,

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indigenous
to the Amazon rainforest,

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have their villages
burned to the ground.

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They have been forcibly
removed from their land,

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with many of them murdered
by the agribusiness paramilitary

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who seek
to turn their jungle home

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into farmland for growing
soy for livestock feed.

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[dramatic music]

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[gunshot]

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[woman cries]

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[Kate Winslet]
One of the worst affected
tribes is the Guarani Kaiowá

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in Mato Grosso do Sul.

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[somber music]

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[dramatic music]

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[loud whirring]

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[inhabitants clamoring]

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[music fades]

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So there was actually
a report that came out in 2018,

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and they found that the world's
top five livestock corporations

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now release more annual
greenhouse gas emissions

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than ExxonMobil, Shell and BP.

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It is crazy
when you think about it

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because the EU
is spending £24 billion

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of taxpayers' money
on livestock farming each year,

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and this is at a time
when we are facing

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an ecological collapse, and
we drastically need to reduce

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greenhouse gas emissions.

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So it's no surprise
that people are asking

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a lot of questions now about
the fact that there seem to be

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some serious conflicts
of interest going on here.

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There's some very heavy
lobbying going on of government,

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and I think that happens
throughout the world,

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and it's just a historic thing

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that needs to be,
I think, rebalanced.

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[light dramatic music]

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[car beeping]

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Today, democracy
does not always function

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as well as it should
because of the huge influence

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that agribusiness corporations,
and livestock producers

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in particular,
exercise on decision-making.

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[reporter]
The former director
of the United Nations Food

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and Agriculture Organization,
Dr. Samuel Jutzi,

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warned as far back as 2010,

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that interventions
by agribusiness lobbyists

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were blocking reforms that
would offer better standards

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for human health
and preserving the environment.

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Big animal
agribusiness corporations'

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and food producers' influence
over political decisions

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about the regulation
of their industry,
has long been a concern

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for campaigners,
who see the narrow interests

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of the industry
taking widespread control.

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[Mr. De Schutter]
If we have any doubt about
how powerful this influence is,

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we can recall that, for example,

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when the Advisory Committee
on Dietary Guidelines in the US

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made recommendations
to the US government

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as to how dietary guidelines
should be shaped,

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they were blocked
by this very powerful lobby
of agribusiness interests.

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[Kate Winslet]
In 2013, the United Nations Food
and Agriculture Organization

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released
a landmark report called

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Tackling Climate Change
Through Livestock.

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The report states
that livestock farming

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is responsible for more
greenhouse gas emissions

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than all global
transportation combined.

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[dramatic music]

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A growing number of scientists

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believe that the impact
of animal agriculture is,

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in fact, even worse
than stated in the FAO report.

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There are close ties between
the research organizations

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and governments, and government
policy and industry.

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It's very pervasive
because livestock industries

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00:17:52,088 --> 00:17:54,787
depend on government
policies that support them.

250
00:17:54,822 --> 00:17:57,821
[Mr. De Schutter]
The FAO report
was prepared within the FAO

251
00:17:57,855 --> 00:18:00,721
by specialists of agriculture
and livestock production,

252
00:18:00,755 --> 00:18:03,554
not by specialists
of the environmental issues

253
00:18:03,588 --> 00:18:05,987
associated
with agricultural production.

254
00:18:06,022 --> 00:18:08,421
I believe that the more
serious concern, of course,

255
00:18:08,455 --> 00:18:10,487
is that the International
Meat Association

256
00:18:10,522 --> 00:18:12,721
was involved
in preparing the report,

257
00:18:12,755 --> 00:18:15,954
which does raise
the question of the independence

258
00:18:15,988 --> 00:18:18,021
with which the study
was prepared.

259
00:18:18,055 --> 00:18:20,454
[Mr. Wedderburn-Bisshop]
Government policy in that regard

260
00:18:20,488 --> 00:18:22,687
is not for the benefit
of the land,

261
00:18:22,722 --> 00:18:24,921
it's for the benefit
of the industry.

262
00:18:24,955 --> 00:18:27,287
[Kate Winslet]
In their report,
the FAO partnered up

263
00:18:27,322 --> 00:18:30,487
with member countries,
non-governmental organizations

264
00:18:30,522 --> 00:18:32,621
and many other organizations,
including

265
00:18:32,655 --> 00:18:35,521
the European Feed
Manufacturers Federation,

266
00:18:35,555 --> 00:18:37,654
the International
Dairy Federation,

267
00:18:37,688 --> 00:18:40,254
the International
Meat Secretariat,

268
00:18:40,288 --> 00:18:42,021
the International
Egg Commission,

269
00:18:42,055 --> 00:18:44,121
and the International
Poultry Council.

270
00:18:44,155 --> 00:18:46,987
In an industry worth
over a trillion dollars,

271
00:18:47,022 --> 00:18:49,487
are these not
the very institutions

272
00:18:49,522 --> 00:18:51,821
that have the most
to lose from a damaging

273
00:18:51,855 --> 00:18:55,154
scientific report
against livestock farming?

274
00:18:55,822 --> 00:18:58,487
[gentle music]

275
00:19:03,222 --> 00:19:05,421
[Kate Winslet]
There are few people
that know more

276
00:19:05,455 --> 00:19:08,321
about the ocean
than Dr. Sylvia Earle.

277
00:19:11,188 --> 00:19:14,121
Dr. Earle was the first woman
to become chief scientist

278
00:19:14,155 --> 00:19:18,654
of the United States National
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration,

279
00:19:19,055 --> 00:19:21,254
and held the record
for spending more time

280
00:19:21,288 --> 00:19:24,587
walking along the sea floor
at depth, untethered,

281
00:19:24,622 --> 00:19:26,521
than any living person.

282
00:19:30,188 --> 00:19:31,721
[Dr. Earle]
When I was a child,

283
00:19:31,755 --> 00:19:35,454
the idea of a dead zone
in the ocean was--

284
00:19:35,488 --> 00:19:37,687
was not even in our vocabulary,

285
00:19:38,388 --> 00:19:41,054
but in the 20th century,

286
00:19:41,788 --> 00:19:45,521
as agriculture
began to greatly expand,

287
00:19:46,055 --> 00:19:51,154
the areas around the coast began
to show signs of wear and tear.

288
00:19:51,188 --> 00:19:53,054
The first, most notorious...

289
00:19:53,788 --> 00:19:57,054
spotlight area I think
was off the Gulf of Mexico.

290
00:19:57,588 --> 00:20:02,321
And it has simply grown over
the years, an annual phenomenon.

291
00:20:02,355 --> 00:20:05,187
It is coincident
with the application

292
00:20:05,222 --> 00:20:07,887
of massive
amounts of fertilizer.

293
00:20:07,922 --> 00:20:11,154
[Kate Winslet]
The millions of square miles,
given over to growing

294
00:20:11,188 --> 00:20:12,987
feed for the animals we eat,

295
00:20:13,022 --> 00:20:16,087
are heavily sprayed
with nitrogen fertilizers.

296
00:20:16,622 --> 00:20:20,354
The nitrogen runs off the fields
working its way down rivers,

297
00:20:20,388 --> 00:20:22,754
and eventually into our oceans.

298
00:20:23,555 --> 00:20:28,287
The nitrogen-rich water
stimulates massive
overgrowth of algae,

299
00:20:28,322 --> 00:20:30,987
resulting in algal blooms
so large,

300
00:20:31,022 --> 00:20:33,221
they can be seen from space.

301
00:20:34,288 --> 00:20:36,754
The algae starve
the water of oxygen,

302
00:20:36,788 --> 00:20:39,687
leading to the death
of the marine life around it.

303
00:20:40,288 --> 00:20:42,387
Since the demand
for meat has grown,

304
00:20:42,422 --> 00:20:44,254
these low oxygen dead zones

305
00:20:44,288 --> 00:20:46,821
have been steadily growing
and growing.

306
00:20:46,855 --> 00:20:50,187
[ominous music]

307
00:20:57,888 --> 00:21:00,687
There are hundreds of dead zones

308
00:21:00,722 --> 00:21:03,321
that have developed
all around the coastlines

309
00:21:03,888 --> 00:21:05,054
of the world.

310
00:21:05,488 --> 00:21:06,421
And...

311
00:21:07,755 --> 00:21:11,454
Okay, people say, "That's--
that's too bad for the fish,

312
00:21:11,488 --> 00:21:13,654
so sorry, fish." But...

313
00:21:14,488 --> 00:21:16,921
we need to understand
that what we do to the ocean,

314
00:21:17,355 --> 00:21:19,021
we're doing to ourselves.

315
00:21:19,055 --> 00:21:21,487
[low rumble]

316
00:21:22,988 --> 00:21:26,021
[whale calling]

317
00:21:26,055 --> 00:21:28,754
[gentle music]

318
00:21:30,922 --> 00:21:34,921
I want others to see it
and to see for themselves.

319
00:21:34,955 --> 00:21:39,254
This is all we've got,
this little blue miracle.

320
00:21:40,055 --> 00:21:42,954
[whale calling]

321
00:21:42,988 --> 00:21:46,487
[ethereal music]

322
00:21:52,622 --> 00:21:55,287
[eerie music]

323
00:21:57,322 --> 00:21:59,187
[Kate Winslet]
It is believed by some

324
00:21:59,222 --> 00:22:01,554
that switching
from eating meat to fish

325
00:22:01,588 --> 00:22:03,887
will have a beneficial
effect on our planet.

326
00:22:03,922 --> 00:22:08,087
This simply could not
be further from the truth.

327
00:22:09,055 --> 00:22:10,587
If the ocean dies,

328
00:22:10,622 --> 00:22:13,254
then we humans would
probably die with it,

329
00:22:13,755 --> 00:22:16,421
as every other breath
of air we take

330
00:22:16,855 --> 00:22:18,954
has been created by our ocean.

331
00:22:18,988 --> 00:22:21,454
[deep exhaling]

332
00:22:22,022 --> 00:22:25,287
As reported in the leading
science journal, Nature,

333
00:22:25,322 --> 00:22:28,754
we have lost nearly
90 percent of all large fish

334
00:22:28,788 --> 00:22:31,254
in the ocean since the '50s.

335
00:22:32,855 --> 00:22:35,787
One of the most in-depth
studies ever carried out

336
00:22:35,822 --> 00:22:37,254
investigating fish stocks,

337
00:22:37,288 --> 00:22:39,354
also in the journal, Nature,

338
00:22:39,388 --> 00:22:41,654
stated that at the current
rate of fishing,

339
00:22:41,688 --> 00:22:44,821
the world's fisheries
are predicted to collapse

340
00:22:44,855 --> 00:22:46,787
in less than 30 years.

341
00:22:47,955 --> 00:22:51,387
According to IPBES,
the intergovernmental body

342
00:22:51,422 --> 00:22:54,121
which assesses
the state of our biodiversity,

343
00:22:54,155 --> 00:22:57,921
the leading cause of marine
life extinction is fishing.

344
00:22:58,722 --> 00:23:03,021
Our taste for fish is literally
draining our oceans of life.

345
00:23:03,055 --> 00:23:05,954
[light dramatic music]

346
00:23:17,922 --> 00:23:21,654
[somber piano music]

347
00:23:47,655 --> 00:23:50,921
[whale calling]

348
00:24:16,755 --> 00:24:19,554
Today, we have agreed
on fishing opportunities

349
00:24:19,588 --> 00:24:24,354
for European fishermen worth
more than five billion euros

350
00:24:24,388 --> 00:24:28,454
and benefiting
more than 50,000 fishermen.

351
00:24:28,488 --> 00:24:30,954
The catches agreed today
will continue to make

352
00:24:30,988 --> 00:24:37,554
the European fishing industry
highly profitable also in 2019.

353
00:24:37,588 --> 00:24:40,921
[somber music continues]

354
00:24:57,322 --> 00:25:02,587
[Kate Winslet]
Norway, a beautiful country
with breathtaking landscapes.

355
00:25:03,588 --> 00:25:07,021
It is also a place that
harbors some darker secrets.

356
00:25:08,288 --> 00:25:10,254
Norway is one
of the world's largest

357
00:25:10,288 --> 00:25:12,287
exporters of farmed fish.

358
00:25:12,522 --> 00:25:14,854
An industry that is
worth billions of euros

359
00:25:14,888 --> 00:25:16,554
to the country's economy.

360
00:25:17,322 --> 00:25:20,187
As much of the wild ocean
large fish populations

361
00:25:20,222 --> 00:25:22,354
collapsed to near extinction,

362
00:25:22,388 --> 00:25:24,487
fishermen
are turning to aquaculture

363
00:25:24,522 --> 00:25:27,921
as a way of growing fish
in a controlled environment.

364
00:25:29,155 --> 00:25:32,187
Norway produces
more farmed salmon and cod

365
00:25:32,222 --> 00:25:34,587
than any other
country in the world.

366
00:25:35,055 --> 00:25:38,154
About 70 percent
of the fish we eat today

367
00:25:38,188 --> 00:25:41,187
now comes
from artificial fish farms.

368
00:25:41,722 --> 00:25:44,454
As thousands of fish
are kept close together

369
00:25:44,488 --> 00:25:48,587
in very small sea cages,
disease and lice spread easily

370
00:25:48,622 --> 00:25:51,154
and have become a massive
problem for the industry.

371
00:25:51,922 --> 00:25:54,921
As a result, pesticides,
disinfectants

372
00:25:54,955 --> 00:25:57,687
and antibiotics
are used extensively

373
00:25:57,722 --> 00:26:00,987
to keep the fish alive
long enough to go to market.

374
00:26:02,288 --> 00:26:04,554
In order to rid
the fish of lice,

375
00:26:04,588 --> 00:26:06,321
special pumping boats are used,

376
00:26:06,355 --> 00:26:09,821
which suck the fish up
in a giant water vacuum.

377
00:26:10,422 --> 00:26:12,554
The fish are then pumped
through the system,

378
00:26:12,588 --> 00:26:15,254
and as they flow through,
they are either heated

379
00:26:15,288 --> 00:26:18,587
to a high temperature or bathed
in a chemical solution

380
00:26:18,622 --> 00:26:20,321
which removes most of the lice

381
00:26:20,355 --> 00:26:23,487
before being pumped back
into the cage.

382
00:26:23,522 --> 00:26:27,787
The fish are bathed in chemicals
such as hydrogen peroxide

383
00:26:27,822 --> 00:26:31,754
and azamethiphos, to kill
the parasites and diseases,

384
00:26:31,788 --> 00:26:35,754
and given feed with chemicals
such as teflubenzuron,

385
00:26:35,788 --> 00:26:38,621
emamectin and diflubenzuron,

386
00:26:38,655 --> 00:26:41,787
which, by their very nature,
are toxic.

387
00:26:42,455 --> 00:26:45,087
Researchers have found
that traces of chemicals

388
00:26:45,122 --> 00:26:50,154
can end up in the fish,
and ultimately on our plates.

389
00:26:50,188 --> 00:26:55,121
This is much the same for farmed
fish all around the world.

390
00:26:57,488 --> 00:27:00,354
Taryn Bishop,
an environmental activist,

391
00:27:00,388 --> 00:27:02,587
is meeting
with the Green Warriors,

392
00:27:02,622 --> 00:27:05,487
a conservation organization
based in Bergen,

393
00:27:05,522 --> 00:27:07,154
on the west coast of Norway.

394
00:27:08,888 --> 00:27:11,254
The Green Warriors
have been investigating
the devastating practices

395
00:27:11,288 --> 00:27:14,554
of fish farming on the local
ecosystem for many years,

396
00:27:14,588 --> 00:27:16,987
and are taking Taryn
to see the darker side

397
00:27:17,022 --> 00:27:19,854
of the farms that lies
beneath the surface.

398
00:27:22,255 --> 00:27:24,087
A specially built submersible

399
00:27:24,122 --> 00:27:26,887
has enabled them to see
the seabed below the cages.

400
00:27:26,922 --> 00:27:30,154
[light dramatic music]

401
00:27:41,255 --> 00:27:45,787
[Kate Winslet]
All along the ocean floor
lies a thick layer of sludge

402
00:27:46,255 --> 00:27:50,321
made up of fish waste,
bacteria and uneaten feed.

403
00:27:50,822 --> 00:27:54,554
The sludge is full of the
pesticides added to the feed,

404
00:27:54,588 --> 00:27:57,754
and new research has shown that
the massive amounts of pesticide

405
00:27:57,788 --> 00:28:00,954
being added around the world
to the marine ecosystem

406
00:28:00,988 --> 00:28:03,854
in fish farms is having
a devastating effect

407
00:28:03,888 --> 00:28:06,987
on the natural ocean
biodiversity.

408
00:28:07,022 --> 00:28:09,787
The sludge also
releases large amounts

409
00:28:09,822 --> 00:28:12,054
of climate warming methane.

410
00:28:12,088 --> 00:28:14,354
Researchers at Oxford University

411
00:28:14,388 --> 00:28:16,454
have found that some
types of aquaculture

412
00:28:16,488 --> 00:28:20,587
are now releasing more methane
than beef production.

413
00:28:22,055 --> 00:28:23,954
Liv Holmefjord is the head

414
00:28:23,988 --> 00:28:26,421
of the Norwegian Directorate
of Fisheries.

415
00:28:26,455 --> 00:28:29,221
Whilst in Norway,
we were given information

416
00:28:29,255 --> 00:28:31,721
that not only is
she in charge of regulating

417
00:28:31,755 --> 00:28:33,754
the country's
fish farm industry,

418
00:28:33,788 --> 00:28:36,054
but also owns shares
in one of Norway's

419
00:28:36,088 --> 00:28:38,421
largest fish farm companies.

420
00:28:38,455 --> 00:28:41,554
Many conservation groups
feel this is a great conflict

421
00:28:41,588 --> 00:28:43,021
of interests.

422
00:28:43,055 --> 00:28:44,887
Holmefjord has agreed
to meet Taryn

423
00:28:44,922 --> 00:28:48,721
to answer questions about the
state of Norway's fish farms.

424
00:28:49,155 --> 00:28:52,621
Well, fish farming is quite
a new industry in Norway.

425
00:28:52,655 --> 00:28:54,987
It started back in the 1960s,

426
00:28:55,022 --> 00:28:58,854
so it's some local entrepreneurs
starting with hobby,

427
00:28:58,888 --> 00:29:03,254
and it's grown until it's
a billion euro industry today.

428
00:29:03,288 --> 00:29:07,221
And, um, seafood is
the second largest export

429
00:29:07,255 --> 00:29:09,521
industry in Norway,
and fish farming

430
00:29:09,555 --> 00:29:13,987
accounts for two third
of the export value of seafood.

431
00:29:14,022 --> 00:29:18,921
So, recently, we found out
that you also have shares

432
00:29:18,955 --> 00:29:22,054
in one of the largest fish
farm companies in Norway.

433
00:29:22,088 --> 00:29:25,554
Do you not feel that
that's a conflict of interest?

434
00:29:26,022 --> 00:29:29,854
Uh, of course, there could be
a con-- uh, in--

435
00:29:30,288 --> 00:29:31,921
conflict of interest.

436
00:29:31,955 --> 00:29:35,121
Uh, but this is
a fact that's been known

437
00:29:35,155 --> 00:29:38,987
since before I got
this position,

438
00:29:39,022 --> 00:29:41,254
and I've been open about it.
I have--

439
00:29:41,288 --> 00:29:43,321
do not-- I'm not involved

440
00:29:43,355 --> 00:29:46,821
in the business from day-to-day

441
00:29:46,855 --> 00:29:51,021
or at any-- so it's--
an if this--

442
00:29:51,722 --> 00:29:56,054
Um, we have-- um, I have--

443
00:29:57,888 --> 00:29:59,954
Sorry, I have to--
you have to start over again.

444
00:29:59,988 --> 00:30:01,587
[speaking in Norwegian]

445
00:30:02,455 --> 00:30:03,654
[man mutters]

446
00:30:04,888 --> 00:30:07,821
So all the decisions that I made

447
00:30:08,222 --> 00:30:10,621
will either be
for the whole industry,

448
00:30:10,655 --> 00:30:12,287
not specially
for this fish farm,

449
00:30:12,322 --> 00:30:17,287
or it's only an advice to the
politicians, and the politicians

450
00:30:17,755 --> 00:30:21,487
are setting the limits
and the actual regulations.

451
00:30:21,922 --> 00:30:25,821
So if there's an actual case,

452
00:30:26,588 --> 00:30:31,421
uh, handling,
regarding this company,

453
00:30:31,455 --> 00:30:33,254
then I will step aside.

454
00:30:33,288 --> 00:30:36,621
[ominous music]

455
00:30:41,688 --> 00:30:44,054
[water splashing]

456
00:31:27,522 --> 00:31:29,687
[birds chirping]

457
00:31:30,455 --> 00:31:32,487
Salmon is marketed as healthy.

458
00:31:32,922 --> 00:31:35,754
It's also marketed
in a very devious way,

459
00:31:35,788 --> 00:31:38,487
deceptive way that
they think it's a wild product,

460
00:31:38,522 --> 00:31:40,121
but it's a fake product.

461
00:31:40,155 --> 00:31:42,954
It's a fatty product,
it's contaminated.

462
00:31:42,988 --> 00:31:45,454
It's marketed as healthy,
but it-- but it's not.

463
00:31:45,488 --> 00:31:48,721
So salmon, if you see
salmon, alarm bells
should start ringing.

464
00:31:49,255 --> 00:31:52,887
It's pretty grim when you dive
down to the bottom of the cages

465
00:31:52,922 --> 00:31:58,121
because, you know, we always see
the bottom full of dead fish.

466
00:31:58,155 --> 00:32:02,187
And it's basically
because many of these fish are

467
00:32:02,222 --> 00:32:07,054
so disease-, so parasite-ridden
and laden with chemicals

468
00:32:07,088 --> 00:32:11,587
that they become sick, and they
live out their sad short lives,

469
00:32:11,622 --> 00:32:13,454
basically looking like zombies.

470
00:32:13,488 --> 00:32:15,987
[dramatic music]

471
00:32:17,888 --> 00:32:20,421
You know, you don't
see this when you go

472
00:32:20,455 --> 00:32:22,654
to the restaurant
or the supermarket,

473
00:32:22,688 --> 00:32:26,587
but this is basically
what a lot of the fish
actually look like

474
00:32:26,622 --> 00:32:29,321
before it ends up on our plates.

475
00:32:30,788 --> 00:32:34,587
So, tonight Don
wanted to show us

476
00:32:34,622 --> 00:32:37,987
how much
of the farm fish actually dies.

477
00:32:38,488 --> 00:32:39,854
Because of the very unnatural

478
00:32:39,888 --> 00:32:42,454
and unsanitary ways
that they are kept,

479
00:32:42,988 --> 00:32:46,687
and they have rows of
very large metal containers

480
00:32:46,722 --> 00:32:50,054
that they are constantly
filling up with the dead fish.

481
00:32:50,088 --> 00:32:53,321
And I have to say that
the smell as we get closer

482
00:32:53,355 --> 00:32:55,454
is actually pretty disgusting.

483
00:32:55,488 --> 00:32:57,154
[dramatic music]

484
00:32:57,188 --> 00:32:58,854
[Mr. Staniford]
So this is the sordid side

485
00:32:58,888 --> 00:33:00,421
of salmon farming in Scotland.

486
00:33:00,455 --> 00:33:02,287
This is the-- the dirty secrets

487
00:33:02,322 --> 00:33:04,254
the industry
don't want you to see.

488
00:33:04,288 --> 00:33:05,754
This is disease-ridden

489
00:33:05,788 --> 00:33:09,154
farmed salmon,
it's 15 to 20 percent fat.

490
00:33:09,188 --> 00:33:11,921
That's where the contaminants,
the cancer-causing contaminants,

491
00:33:11,955 --> 00:33:15,687
PCBs, dioxins, and
the artificial colorings are.

492
00:33:15,722 --> 00:33:19,187
So this is something
to be avoided at all costs.

493
00:33:19,222 --> 00:33:20,987
[dramatic music continues]

494
00:33:22,022 --> 00:33:25,054
This is the salmon farm
just here.

495
00:33:25,088 --> 00:33:27,354
We got freedom of information...

496
00:33:28,155 --> 00:33:31,621
data from the Scottish
Environment Protection Agency

497
00:33:32,055 --> 00:33:36,354
showing the use
of over 50 tons of formaldehyde,

498
00:33:36,755 --> 00:33:39,921
not just at this site,
but other sites across Scotland.

499
00:33:40,522 --> 00:33:43,387
It's formaldehyde:
"May cause cancer,

500
00:33:43,422 --> 00:33:45,954
suspected
of causing genetic defects,

501
00:33:45,988 --> 00:33:47,487
toxic if swallowed,

502
00:33:47,522 --> 00:33:49,421
may cause respiratory
irritation,

503
00:33:49,455 --> 00:33:52,954
causes damage to organs.
Do not breathe."

504
00:34:02,522 --> 00:34:04,721
[mud sloshing]

505
00:34:07,488 --> 00:34:10,387
[ominous music]

506
00:34:13,055 --> 00:34:16,987
One of the fish farm workers
told us that the workers,

507
00:34:17,022 --> 00:34:20,921
um, come down to the farm,
um, early in the morning,

508
00:34:21,455 --> 00:34:26,287
spraying the chemicals
into the fish cages.

509
00:35:11,922 --> 00:35:14,221
[light dramatic music]

510
00:35:35,622 --> 00:35:39,587
[Kate Winslet]
As the ocean becomes a dumping
ground of seven billion people

511
00:35:39,622 --> 00:35:42,587
and farms saturate
their fish with chemical feed,

512
00:35:42,955 --> 00:35:46,087
eating fish
has never been so toxic.

513
00:35:46,122 --> 00:35:49,054
[Dr. Greger]
You know, our oceans
have become humanity's sewers.

514
00:35:49,088 --> 00:35:51,954
Everything eventually
flows into the sea,

515
00:35:51,988 --> 00:35:53,887
so if you had a,
you know, time machine

516
00:35:53,922 --> 00:35:55,521
that could go back before
the industrial revolution,

517
00:35:55,555 --> 00:35:57,587
it might--
it's a different story, but now,

518
00:35:57,622 --> 00:35:59,854
the highest levels
are many of these persistent

519
00:35:59,888 --> 00:36:01,621
organic pollutants.
We're talking about,

520
00:36:01,655 --> 00:36:05,687
you know, DDT,
and PCBs and dioxins.

521
00:36:05,722 --> 00:36:07,387
The highest levels
in our food supply

522
00:36:07,422 --> 00:36:09,354
are found
in the aquatic food chain.

523
00:36:09,388 --> 00:36:11,121
Fish are not
the safest choice anymore.

524
00:36:11,155 --> 00:36:13,354
-So, Tony it's great to see you.
-Great to see you as well.

525
00:36:13,388 --> 00:36:15,087
-Thanks for coming.
-Not at all, thank you.

526
00:36:15,122 --> 00:36:16,254
A pleasure being here.

527
00:36:16,288 --> 00:36:17,421
So I wanted to ask you

528
00:36:17,455 --> 00:36:18,554
if you could share with us

529
00:36:18,588 --> 00:36:20,087
what is-- what exactly it was

530
00:36:20,122 --> 00:36:21,921
you began to feel
when you realized

531
00:36:21,955 --> 00:36:23,154
something was going wrong?

532
00:36:23,188 --> 00:36:25,354
I was exhausted more than usual,

533
00:36:25,388 --> 00:36:27,021
and then I was losing
short-term memory,

534
00:36:27,055 --> 00:36:29,654
and that scared the hell
out of me. And then I tore

535
00:36:29,688 --> 00:36:32,021
my rotator cuffs
in a really intense
snowboarding accident.

536
00:36:32,055 --> 00:36:33,854
And the doctor said, "Do you
want to do your metals test?"

537
00:36:33,888 --> 00:36:36,021
And I said, "Ah, I got
my amalgams out 25 years ago."

538
00:36:36,055 --> 00:36:38,621
He goes, "There's so many metals
in the environment,
you should do it."

539
00:36:38,655 --> 00:36:40,687
So I did.
I get a phone call a week later,

540
00:36:40,722 --> 00:36:42,854
and I said to my assistant,
"Just have them send
the report."

541
00:36:42,888 --> 00:36:45,421
And he said,
"No, it's an emergency.
He has to speak to you."

542
00:36:45,888 --> 00:36:47,654
And it was like,
no one wants to hear that.

543
00:36:47,688 --> 00:36:49,154
And so I called him up
and he said, "Tony,

544
00:36:49,188 --> 00:36:50,387
I showed your blood tests.

545
00:36:50,422 --> 00:36:52,354
You have extreme
mercury poisoning,

546
00:36:52,388 --> 00:36:54,121
on a zero to five scale,"
which is what they measure,

547
00:36:54,155 --> 00:36:55,887
"five being toxic, you're 123."

548
00:36:55,922 --> 00:36:57,887
The doctor said, "How long has
this man been in the hospital?"

549
00:36:57,922 --> 00:36:59,487
And I just got off stage.

550
00:36:59,522 --> 00:37:02,187
So I-- I said,
"I can't understand this,"

551
00:37:02,222 --> 00:37:04,154
so I went out and they thought,
you know,

552
00:37:04,188 --> 00:37:06,754
maybe someone was trying
to poison me because
the number was so high.

553
00:37:06,788 --> 00:37:09,287
And I was very disciplined.
I was a vegan for 12 years

554
00:37:09,322 --> 00:37:12,021
and then I just went
salad, fish, salad, fish.
And they brought

555
00:37:12,055 --> 00:37:13,787
the medical group out here
and they looked at it,

556
00:37:13,822 --> 00:37:15,587
and I found this man
named Dr. Shade

557
00:37:15,622 --> 00:37:18,221
who's the only guy
that has an ideation process

558
00:37:18,255 --> 00:37:20,921
where he could see
where the mercury came from,
and it was fish.

559
00:37:20,955 --> 00:37:24,387
It's been three years, um,
and I had some severe moments.

560
00:37:24,422 --> 00:37:26,787
It burned a hole in my esophagus
and I literally collapsed.

561
00:37:26,822 --> 00:37:28,521
I lost a third
of my blood supply.

562
00:37:28,555 --> 00:37:30,254
I could have died.
I lost half of my hemoglobin.

563
00:37:30,288 --> 00:37:32,087
-People begin
to lose their hair.
-Yes.

564
00:37:32,122 --> 00:37:33,787
Their memory.
They lose their memories.

565
00:37:33,822 --> 00:37:36,454
-As you were doing.
As you-- as you noticed.
-Yes, yes.

566
00:37:36,488 --> 00:37:38,187
But they can
also have headaches.

567
00:37:38,222 --> 00:37:39,987
They can complain of fatigue,

568
00:37:40,022 --> 00:37:41,921
and they can also
have depression.

569
00:37:41,955 --> 00:37:44,987
What we're seeing now
is with the toxic
environmental exposure,

570
00:37:45,022 --> 00:37:47,887
and especially with
the mercury-- methylmercury

571
00:37:47,922 --> 00:37:51,121
in fish, is that everyone
has got to be careful

572
00:37:51,155 --> 00:37:52,887
because their--
the levels are going up.

573
00:37:52,922 --> 00:37:54,654
Udo, tell me, because
your specialty is in this,

574
00:37:54,688 --> 00:37:56,454
how do you get the fish oils
that we all need

575
00:37:56,488 --> 00:37:58,187
for the brain and for the body

576
00:37:58,222 --> 00:37:59,754
if we can't have fish?
What do you suggest?

577
00:37:59,788 --> 00:38:01,987
Well, we used to get
them from fish oils.

578
00:38:02,022 --> 00:38:04,254
-Yes.
-And-- But there--

579
00:38:04,288 --> 00:38:06,221
We can actually get
them from vegetables.

580
00:38:06,255 --> 00:38:08,687
Flax is the richest
source of omega-3

581
00:38:08,722 --> 00:38:11,354
that we-- everybody thinks
should come from fish oil.

582
00:38:11,388 --> 00:38:13,587
If you get enough
of that as starting material,

583
00:38:13,622 --> 00:38:16,554
your body will make
what the fish oils make,
and it'll be clean.

584
00:38:16,588 --> 00:38:18,587
[Dr. Newman]
Many people take fish oils

585
00:38:18,622 --> 00:38:21,554
or have fish for the long-chain
omega-3 fatty acids,

586
00:38:21,588 --> 00:38:23,121
and you have to ask
yourself the question,

587
00:38:23,155 --> 00:38:24,821
"But where do the fish
get them from?"

588
00:38:24,855 --> 00:38:27,121
And it turns out they get them
from the algae in the ocean.

589
00:38:27,155 --> 00:38:30,921
They get them from plant food.
So if you want the purest form

590
00:38:30,955 --> 00:38:33,887
of the long-chain ready-made
omega-3 fatty acids,

591
00:38:33,922 --> 00:38:36,054
the best way of doing
that is simply to take

592
00:38:36,088 --> 00:38:39,354
an algae supplement,
because then you've got
the purest form of it

593
00:38:39,388 --> 00:38:41,121
and you don't have
the extra risks

594
00:38:41,155 --> 00:38:43,354
of having the toxins
and the heavy metals

595
00:38:43,388 --> 00:38:45,754
and the saturated fat
and the cholesterol

596
00:38:45,788 --> 00:38:47,621
that you would get
from eating a fish.

597
00:38:47,655 --> 00:38:49,621
[Kate Winslet]
A peer-reviewed study

598
00:38:49,655 --> 00:38:52,521
from researchers at Scripps
Institution of Oceanography

599
00:38:52,555 --> 00:38:54,687
at UC San Diego,

600
00:38:54,722 --> 00:38:56,821
undertook one
of the largest studies

601
00:38:56,855 --> 00:38:58,421
of fish pollutants in the world.

602
00:38:58,855 --> 00:39:01,821
The scientists found
toxic contaminants in fish

603
00:39:01,855 --> 00:39:04,287
right across
the planet's oceans.

604
00:39:04,322 --> 00:39:07,321
Nobody would go
to the nearest body of water

605
00:39:07,355 --> 00:39:10,154
and put in like a cup
and drink the water.

606
00:39:10,588 --> 00:39:14,087
Um, you're basically getting
the concentrated toxins

607
00:39:14,122 --> 00:39:15,354
if we're eating fish.

608
00:39:15,988 --> 00:39:18,821
[Kate Winslet]
Our oceans have
also become filled

609
00:39:18,855 --> 00:39:19,854
with plastic.

610
00:39:20,522 --> 00:39:22,687
As the oceans are so large,

611
00:39:22,722 --> 00:39:25,787
it is a challenge
for any scientist
to accurately understand

612
00:39:25,822 --> 00:39:28,521
where most of this plastic
is coming from.

613
00:39:29,088 --> 00:39:31,121
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch,

614
00:39:31,155 --> 00:39:35,554
covering an area of about
1.6 million square kilometers,

615
00:39:35,588 --> 00:39:38,654
may provide a unique opportunity
to better understand

616
00:39:38,688 --> 00:39:42,187
the growing problem
of microplastics in the sea.

617
00:39:42,988 --> 00:39:46,754
A team of scientists from
the organization Ocean Cleanup

618
00:39:46,788 --> 00:39:48,921
have been studying
the Patch for some time

619
00:39:49,355 --> 00:39:50,887
and were surprised
when they discovered

620
00:39:50,922 --> 00:39:53,387
that the vast majority
of plastic in the Patch

621
00:39:53,422 --> 00:39:57,387
is not from old drinking straws
or used plastic water bottles,

622
00:39:57,422 --> 00:40:00,887
but from thousands of tons
of discarded fishing gear

623
00:40:00,922 --> 00:40:05,921
broken down by the sea
into trillions of pieces
of microplastic.

624
00:40:05,955 --> 00:40:09,521
A study, recently published
in the journal, Nature,

625
00:40:09,555 --> 00:40:13,087
found that about 80 percent
of the plastic in the Pacific

626
00:40:13,122 --> 00:40:15,554
is made up
of discarded fishing gear.

627
00:40:15,955 --> 00:40:19,054
Many scientists agree
that one of the greatest things

628
00:40:19,088 --> 00:40:23,754
we as individuals can do
to solve this problem
of a plastic ocean

629
00:40:23,788 --> 00:40:25,621
is to move away from eating fish

630
00:40:25,655 --> 00:40:27,721
and switch
to a plant-based diet.

631
00:40:27,755 --> 00:40:31,387
At least half
of the plastic in the sea today

632
00:40:31,422 --> 00:40:35,554
comes from discarded
or lost fishing gear.

633
00:40:36,188 --> 00:40:40,187
Because all those nets,
all those lines, all that stuff,

634
00:40:40,222 --> 00:40:44,787
it's just become
a plasticized ocean,

635
00:40:44,822 --> 00:40:46,154
but we have a chance.

636
00:40:46,622 --> 00:40:49,887
We have a chance right now
to change our eating habits.

637
00:40:50,555 --> 00:40:52,454
[light dramatic music]

638
00:40:52,488 --> 00:40:55,287
[Prof. Lindeque]
There's an estimate
that there's over five trillion

639
00:40:55,322 --> 00:40:58,121
tons of plastic currently
floating in the ocean.

640
00:40:58,155 --> 00:40:59,621
It's absolutely everywhere.

641
00:40:59,655 --> 00:41:02,121
Everywhere we looked,
we found microplastics,

642
00:41:02,155 --> 00:41:05,654
whether it's at the polar
regions, in remote islands.

643
00:41:05,688 --> 00:41:08,621
Also, if we're looking
on the surface or the seabed

644
00:41:08,655 --> 00:41:12,187
and everywhere in between,
we find microplastics.

645
00:41:12,222 --> 00:41:14,221
We've also found microplastics

646
00:41:14,255 --> 00:41:16,987
in just about every animal
group that we've looked in.

647
00:41:17,555 --> 00:41:20,787
We've been sampling
for microplastics
for quite a while now,

648
00:41:20,822 --> 00:41:24,654
and we found that there's
27 times more bits of plastic

649
00:41:24,688 --> 00:41:26,121
than there are fish larvae.

650
00:41:26,155 --> 00:41:28,054
[Kate Winslet]
Microplankton are found

651
00:41:28,088 --> 00:41:29,487
throughout the oceans.

652
00:41:30,022 --> 00:41:31,487
They are filter feeders.

653
00:41:31,522 --> 00:41:33,787
When the researchers
add microplastics

654
00:41:33,822 --> 00:41:37,887
into the plankton's environment,
they consistently observe them

655
00:41:37,922 --> 00:41:40,121
ingesting the plastic particles.

656
00:41:40,722 --> 00:41:44,554
Unaware that the tiny particles
are made up of toxic chemicals,

657
00:41:44,588 --> 00:41:48,054
the plankton consume them
indiscriminately.

658
00:41:49,588 --> 00:41:52,554
The researchers observe
how the chemicals accumulate

659
00:41:52,588 --> 00:41:55,387
within the organs
of these small marine creatures.

660
00:41:55,822 --> 00:41:59,454
The toxic plankton
are then eaten by larger fish,

661
00:41:59,488 --> 00:42:02,021
and researchers have
found that much of the fish

662
00:42:02,055 --> 00:42:05,021
that we are eating today
has bioaccumulated

663
00:42:05,055 --> 00:42:07,587
these chemicals
within their flesh.

664
00:42:07,622 --> 00:42:10,154
[mellow music]

665
00:42:24,422 --> 00:42:26,754
[Kate Winslet]
A study by the University
of Plymouth

666
00:42:26,788 --> 00:42:29,854
found that over a third
of all the fish tested

667
00:42:29,888 --> 00:42:32,187
contained microplastics.

668
00:42:32,955 --> 00:42:35,187
As we eat
these contaminated fish,

669
00:42:35,222 --> 00:42:39,054
we ingest the same toxic
chemicals into our bodies,

670
00:42:39,088 --> 00:42:44,254
and recent research suggests
similar toxic accumulation
in humans.

671
00:42:47,788 --> 00:42:50,454
[suspenseful music]

672
00:43:02,870 --> 00:43:04,669
[Mr. Rifkin]
Our scientists tell us
we're now

673
00:43:04,722 --> 00:43:06,169
in the sixth extinction event

674
00:43:06,203 --> 00:43:07,636
of life on this Earth.

675
00:43:08,537 --> 00:43:10,369
It doesn't even
make the headlines.

676
00:43:11,770 --> 00:43:12,902
No one even knows about it.

677
00:43:12,937 --> 00:43:15,302
[soft exotic music]

678
00:43:55,470 --> 00:43:57,769
[gentle music]

679
00:44:02,870 --> 00:44:05,336
[somber piano music]

680
00:44:11,970 --> 00:44:13,302
[bird hooting]

681
00:44:23,603 --> 00:44:25,002
[bird chirping]

682
00:44:29,270 --> 00:44:30,802
[distant hooting]

683
00:44:46,470 --> 00:44:48,669
[somber piano music continues]

684
00:45:03,770 --> 00:45:06,036
[music fades]

685
00:45:07,037 --> 00:45:10,169
[Mr. Rifkin]
We've had five mass
extinction events

686
00:45:10,203 --> 00:45:12,802
on this planet
in 450 million years.

687
00:45:12,837 --> 00:45:15,936
Let me be clear on this,
the last time we had

688
00:45:15,970 --> 00:45:18,269
an extinction event
of this magnitude,

689
00:45:18,670 --> 00:45:21,136
was 65 million years ago.

690
00:45:21,170 --> 00:45:27,036
It's incredibly sad to realize
just how-- how many species, um,

691
00:45:27,070 --> 00:45:30,936
both in the oceans and on land
that we're losing at the moment,

692
00:45:30,970 --> 00:45:34,902
um, and it's up
to all of us to make sure,

693
00:45:34,937 --> 00:45:37,202
that, um, this doesn't
happen in the future.

694
00:45:37,237 --> 00:45:40,969
[Mr. Poore]
Today, over 26,000 species

695
00:45:41,003 --> 00:45:42,836
are currently threatened
with extinction,

696
00:45:42,870 --> 00:45:44,869
and the most important
driver of that

697
00:45:44,903 --> 00:45:46,902
is our use of land
for agriculture.

698
00:45:46,937 --> 00:45:49,869
Over time, um,
livestock have been a major,

699
00:45:49,903 --> 00:45:52,169
major driver
of biodiversity loss.

700
00:45:52,203 --> 00:45:54,536
[Mr. Wedderburn-Bisshop]
Some have predicted
that by 2045,

701
00:45:54,570 --> 00:45:58,236
the species loss will be so
great that we won't recover.

702
00:45:58,270 --> 00:46:01,069
The Earth will suffer
ecological collapse.

703
00:46:01,103 --> 00:46:03,336
And the biggest thing
you and I can do...

704
00:46:04,003 --> 00:46:05,669
is change our diet.

705
00:46:06,137 --> 00:46:09,802
[Kate Winslet]
Some scientists have begun
to call this current crisis

706
00:46:10,403 --> 00:46:12,469
a "biological annihilation."

707
00:46:12,503 --> 00:46:14,302
[soft somber music]

708
00:46:14,337 --> 00:46:17,102
According to the journal,
Science of the Total Environment

709
00:46:17,137 --> 00:46:19,469
from Florida
International University,

710
00:46:19,503 --> 00:46:24,269
livestock farming is the leading
cause of biodiversity loss.

711
00:46:26,970 --> 00:46:30,002
According to a study published
in the journal Science,

712
00:46:30,037 --> 00:46:31,902
if the entire
world were to switch

713
00:46:31,937 --> 00:46:34,536
to an exclusively
plant-based diet,

714
00:46:34,570 --> 00:46:37,402
we would free up over 75 percent

715
00:46:37,437 --> 00:46:39,169
of the world's arable land,

716
00:46:39,203 --> 00:46:41,402
and many of the forests,
previously cut down

717
00:46:41,437 --> 00:46:44,402
for livestock farming,
could be restored.

718
00:46:44,970 --> 00:46:46,636
There are now
many great initiatives

719
00:46:46,670 --> 00:46:48,502
around the world
doing just that.

720
00:46:49,303 --> 00:46:52,969
Ecosia, an online search
engine similar to Google,

721
00:46:53,003 --> 00:46:55,702
is one such initiative
that uses the revenue made

722
00:46:55,737 --> 00:47:00,236
from advertising to pay local
communities to replant trees.

723
00:47:01,003 --> 00:47:03,936
One of Ecosia's
main foresters is Mauricio,

724
00:47:03,970 --> 00:47:08,002
who has been working hard
to replant the rainforest
in Brazil.

725
00:47:37,270 --> 00:47:40,202
[uplifting music]

726
00:47:43,737 --> 00:47:46,969
[Kate Winslet]
Trees breathe
life into our world.

727
00:47:50,070 --> 00:47:53,369
When we plant a tree,
we sow the very seeds

728
00:47:53,403 --> 00:47:55,836
of our future on this planet.

729
00:48:00,203 --> 00:48:02,636
[somber music]

730
00:48:02,670 --> 00:48:04,202
The most recent in-depth study

731
00:48:04,237 --> 00:48:06,536
into the environmental
impact of what we eat,

732
00:48:06,570 --> 00:48:10,469
was a peer-reviewed journal
by an international team
of researchers.

733
00:48:11,603 --> 00:48:14,869
This landmark study,
headed by Dr. Marco Springmann

734
00:48:14,903 --> 00:48:17,102
of Oxford University in England,

735
00:48:17,137 --> 00:48:19,902
found that in order
to have any chance of keeping

736
00:48:19,937 --> 00:48:23,802
temperatures below the dangerous
two-degrees-Celsius threshold

737
00:48:23,837 --> 00:48:26,402
set out in the Paris
Climate Agreement,

738
00:48:26,437 --> 00:48:29,836
in high-income countries
we need to drastically reduce

739
00:48:29,870 --> 00:48:33,069
our consumption of meat
by around 80 percent.

740
00:48:34,170 --> 00:48:36,036
Policymakers have been

741
00:48:36,470 --> 00:48:40,136
very, very reluctant
to address the livestock issue.

742
00:48:40,170 --> 00:48:44,502
It's entirely out
of keeping with the urgency

743
00:48:44,537 --> 00:48:46,402
of the crisis that we're facing.

744
00:48:46,937 --> 00:48:48,002
[indistinct]

745
00:48:48,037 --> 00:48:50,302
Hi, Otto Brockway
for Broxstar Films.

746
00:48:50,337 --> 00:48:52,469
Um, this is a question
for Commissioner Hogan.

747
00:48:53,070 --> 00:48:55,569
The scientists at Oxford
University have been very clear

748
00:48:55,603 --> 00:48:57,136
that livestock farming

749
00:48:57,170 --> 00:48:59,702
has a far greater impact
than plant-based farming.

750
00:49:00,470 --> 00:49:03,002
With this in mind, would it
not be common sense to reduce

751
00:49:03,037 --> 00:49:05,869
the billions in subsidy
payments to livestock farming

752
00:49:05,903 --> 00:49:08,936
in Europe and offer them
to plant-based farming instead

753
00:49:08,970 --> 00:49:11,936
as an incentive to a much
more sustainable food system?

754
00:49:12,937 --> 00:49:16,869
We have made our proposals
based on protecting the farmers,

755
00:49:16,903 --> 00:49:19,669
because they are,
unlike you and I,

756
00:49:19,703 --> 00:49:21,669
they're out in all sorts
of weathers and all sorts

757
00:49:21,703 --> 00:49:24,169
of market risks,
and you and I may not know

758
00:49:24,203 --> 00:49:26,236
anything about that
because this is their lives.

759
00:49:26,270 --> 00:49:28,836
They're producing
high-quality food for us all

760
00:49:28,870 --> 00:49:31,269
so that we can
have this particular

761
00:49:31,303 --> 00:49:34,036
good-quality products
available to us at all times.

762
00:49:34,737 --> 00:49:36,836
Sometimes under local
conditions like organic,

763
00:49:36,870 --> 00:49:38,836
more times
it's conventional farming.

764
00:49:38,870 --> 00:49:41,469
So we provide financial support
at the moment for that.

765
00:49:41,870 --> 00:49:44,436
And it's a public good
that's not always recognized,

766
00:49:44,470 --> 00:49:47,236
but the movement of our policies
is in the direction
of our farmers

767
00:49:47,270 --> 00:49:49,869
being centrally involved
in providing more public goods.

768
00:49:50,303 --> 00:49:53,402
And if you want to do anything
in life, you have to pay people.

769
00:49:53,737 --> 00:49:55,869
Sometimes I understand
that there's a moral obligation

770
00:49:55,903 --> 00:49:58,636
and there's people of principle,
but most of the time,

771
00:49:58,670 --> 00:50:01,702
99 percent of the time,
they have to get paid.

772
00:50:01,737 --> 00:50:03,936
So as professionals
we're expecting to provide

773
00:50:03,970 --> 00:50:06,736
good-quality food
and do more on public goods.

774
00:50:06,770 --> 00:50:08,302
We pay our farmers.
This is a decision

775
00:50:08,337 --> 00:50:10,369
that we make
at a political level.

776
00:50:11,503 --> 00:50:14,902
[Mr. Rifkin]
Livestock emit methane
and nitrous oxide.

777
00:50:14,937 --> 00:50:16,802
Now most people, when they
think of climate change

778
00:50:16,837 --> 00:50:18,902
they think of CO2,
carbon dioxide,

779
00:50:18,937 --> 00:50:21,769
which is a very potent
global warming gas.

780
00:50:21,803 --> 00:50:25,802
But methane
is 25 times more potent

781
00:50:25,837 --> 00:50:29,036
per molecule
when it's released than CO2.

782
00:50:29,503 --> 00:50:33,469
And nitrous oxide
is 298 times more potent

783
00:50:33,503 --> 00:50:34,869
per molecule than CO2.

784
00:50:35,137 --> 00:50:37,902
These are very powerful
global warming gases.

785
00:50:37,937 --> 00:50:40,569
[Mr. Brockway]
So today we have
a very special camera

786
00:50:40,603 --> 00:50:42,869
called a hyperspectral
imaging camera,

787
00:50:42,903 --> 00:50:46,336
and it basically enables us
to be able to see

788
00:50:46,370 --> 00:50:49,902
gases that would be otherwise
invisible to the naked eye.

789
00:50:49,937 --> 00:50:52,369
And today we're looking
at methane gas.

790
00:50:52,403 --> 00:50:56,969
Methane is a gas
that is being produced
by cows when they belch.

791
00:50:57,003 --> 00:50:59,169
[Kate Winslet]
Methane, together
with the other gases

792
00:50:59,203 --> 00:51:01,002
it produces in the atmosphere,

793
00:51:01,037 --> 00:51:05,236
has caused a third
of global warming since 1750.

794
00:51:05,270 --> 00:51:09,936
Livestock are the largest source
of methane that we can control.

795
00:51:09,970 --> 00:51:13,369
Steep cuts in methane emissions
can slow global warming

796
00:51:13,403 --> 00:51:17,736
by 15 to 25 years, making it
the most effective means

797
00:51:17,770 --> 00:51:21,569
we have to slow warming
in the critical years ahead.

798
00:51:22,137 --> 00:51:24,302
-Whoa, look at that.
-Wow.

799
00:51:24,337 --> 00:51:27,236
[ominous music]

800
00:51:27,270 --> 00:51:28,469
[both]
Wow.

801
00:51:29,870 --> 00:51:31,569
[Kate Winslet]
To demonstrate
the different heating potentials

802
00:51:31,603 --> 00:51:34,536
of climate gases,
we can look to an experiment

803
00:51:34,570 --> 00:51:37,369
known as the "infrared
absorption experiment."

804
00:51:38,070 --> 00:51:41,936
Here we see four
Earth-shaped ice statues,

805
00:51:41,970 --> 00:51:44,802
each one in its own
airtight chamber.

806
00:51:45,737 --> 00:51:47,669
The chambers
represent the atmosphere

807
00:51:47,703 --> 00:51:49,402
surrounding the planet.

808
00:51:49,770 --> 00:51:52,669
Each has an infrared
heater placed above it,

809
00:51:52,703 --> 00:51:54,902
set at identical temperatures,

810
00:51:54,937 --> 00:51:58,736
and each one is then filled
with a different gas.

811
00:51:58,770 --> 00:52:01,402
[gas hissing]

812
00:52:06,237 --> 00:52:08,569
The first chamber
is filled with normal air

813
00:52:08,603 --> 00:52:10,602
that we breathe from day to day.

814
00:52:12,003 --> 00:52:15,569
The second chamber
is filled with carbon dioxide,

815
00:52:15,603 --> 00:52:17,802
a well-known
climate warming gas.

816
00:52:18,570 --> 00:52:21,602
The third chamber
is filled with methane,

817
00:52:21,637 --> 00:52:24,269
a gas associated
with animal agriculture,

818
00:52:24,303 --> 00:52:28,169
and the fourth chamber
is filled with nitrous oxide,

819
00:52:28,203 --> 00:52:31,736
also a gas associated
with animal agriculture.

820
00:52:31,770 --> 00:52:36,269
Over time, we begin
to see the ice statue
in the carbon dioxide chamber

821
00:52:36,303 --> 00:52:39,402
slightly melting,
compared with the normal air.

822
00:52:39,737 --> 00:52:41,669
But in the same short time,

823
00:52:41,703 --> 00:52:45,002
the statues in the methane
and nitrous oxide chambers

824
00:52:45,037 --> 00:52:46,636
begin to melt rapidly

825
00:52:46,670 --> 00:52:49,736
as the temperature
inside rises considerably higher

826
00:52:49,770 --> 00:52:53,269
than both the normal air,
and also the carbon dioxide.

827
00:52:54,037 --> 00:52:57,069
16 hours later,
the results are stark.

828
00:52:57,103 --> 00:53:00,702
We can clearly see that
the methane and nitrous oxide,

829
00:53:00,737 --> 00:53:03,836
the two main gas byproducts
of animal agriculture,

830
00:53:03,870 --> 00:53:06,769
are potent
climate warming gases.

831
00:53:10,270 --> 00:53:12,236
[somber music]

832
00:53:12,270 --> 00:53:15,036
Of the estimated
70 billion land animals

833
00:53:15,070 --> 00:53:18,969
reared for human consumption
each year around the world,

834
00:53:19,003 --> 00:53:22,236
nearly 90 percent are chickens.

835
00:53:23,637 --> 00:53:26,369
An emerging problem
is that chicken consumption

836
00:53:26,403 --> 00:53:28,136
is now on the rise.

837
00:53:29,003 --> 00:53:32,269
Whilst chicken has
a lower environmental
impact than red meat,

838
00:53:32,803 --> 00:53:35,336
over 90 percent
of chicken globally

839
00:53:35,370 --> 00:53:37,602
is now intensively farmed,

840
00:53:37,637 --> 00:53:40,669
and this is having devastating
effects on our planet.

841
00:53:41,837 --> 00:53:43,902
If we compare
the equivalent protein calories

842
00:53:43,937 --> 00:53:47,902
for meat and plant-based
proteins, such as chickpeas,

843
00:53:47,937 --> 00:53:50,402
chicken does less harm
to the environment

844
00:53:50,437 --> 00:53:52,702
than commonly
consumed red meats.

845
00:53:53,003 --> 00:53:57,736
And yet, still causes 40 times
more climate-related warming

846
00:53:57,770 --> 00:54:00,636
per calorie of protein
than chickpeas,

847
00:54:00,670 --> 00:54:03,436
and uses 50 times
the amount of water.

848
00:54:04,437 --> 00:54:08,702
We know that if we would shift
from, um, ruminant meats

849
00:54:08,737 --> 00:54:12,569
to other meats,
then we probably would reduce

850
00:54:12,603 --> 00:54:15,769
our footprint just from--
from that particular product

851
00:54:15,803 --> 00:54:19,002
by about a factor of ten,
which is quite a bit.

852
00:54:19,037 --> 00:54:20,702
But if you compare that

853
00:54:20,737 --> 00:54:23,469
with how much you would
reduce your footprint

854
00:54:23,503 --> 00:54:25,469
if you went
to plant-based products,

855
00:54:25,503 --> 00:54:28,469
that is about a factor of 100,

856
00:54:28,503 --> 00:54:30,936
and that's the reason
why shifting to more--

857
00:54:30,970 --> 00:54:33,802
towards more plant-based diets
has such a big impact,

858
00:54:33,837 --> 00:54:36,269
because we're really talking
about different scales here.

859
00:54:36,803 --> 00:54:38,769
[Kate Winslet]
Organic meat has been
claimed to have

860
00:54:38,803 --> 00:54:41,369
less environmental
and climate impact.

861
00:54:41,937 --> 00:54:45,602
However, a study
carried out by researchers
at Oxford University,

862
00:54:45,637 --> 00:54:49,802
found that, in fact, organic
or conventionally produced meat

863
00:54:49,837 --> 00:54:53,269
has little
significant difference
in greenhouse emissions.

864
00:54:53,303 --> 00:54:55,269
So in our data,
we didn't find...

865
00:54:55,703 --> 00:54:58,502
big differences
between organic and conventional

866
00:54:58,537 --> 00:55:01,002
across multiple indicators.

867
00:55:01,037 --> 00:55:03,036
What we did find
is that no matter

868
00:55:03,070 --> 00:55:07,836
how you produce animal products,
even the lowest impact
forms of production

869
00:55:07,870 --> 00:55:12,169
still create higher emissions
and use more land

870
00:55:12,570 --> 00:55:14,802
than typical vegetable proteins.

871
00:55:14,837 --> 00:55:16,969
So that's saying something
really important, that's saying

872
00:55:17,003 --> 00:55:19,636
that even if you go into
the shops and try and purchase

873
00:55:19,670 --> 00:55:22,236
sustainable meat or dairy,
it's always going to be better

874
00:55:22,270 --> 00:55:24,536
to purchase vegetable
proteins instead.

875
00:55:24,937 --> 00:55:27,869
[Kate Winslet]
Each year the US Government
gives around $20 million

876
00:55:27,903 --> 00:55:30,202
to subsidize fruit
and vegetable farming,

877
00:55:30,603 --> 00:55:35,702
but meat and dairy farming
get a massive $38 billion

878
00:55:35,737 --> 00:55:37,236
from the government.

879
00:55:37,270 --> 00:55:39,436
It is now estimated
that the annual cost

880
00:55:39,470 --> 00:55:43,869
to the US taxpayer
of diseases related to meat
and dairy consumption

881
00:55:43,903 --> 00:55:48,302
are now around $314 billion.

882
00:55:51,337 --> 00:55:53,636
[light dramatic music]

883
00:55:53,670 --> 00:55:56,469
And when you cram,
tens of thousands

884
00:55:56,503 --> 00:55:59,936
of animals in these crammed,
filthy, unhygienic conditions,

885
00:55:59,970 --> 00:56:03,902
basically live atop
their feces, it's just
like a breeding ground.

886
00:56:03,937 --> 00:56:06,602
Animal-to-human diseases
that arise

887
00:56:06,637 --> 00:56:08,802
are because of the way
we're now treating animals.

888
00:56:08,837 --> 00:56:13,202
Whether it's these live
animal markets in East Asia,

889
00:56:13,237 --> 00:56:15,502
whether it's the bushmeat trade,

890
00:56:15,537 --> 00:56:19,802
the concern is that with enough
spins at genetic roulette

891
00:56:19,837 --> 00:56:23,436
on these swine factory farms,
these chicken factory farms,

892
00:56:23,470 --> 00:56:26,269
we're going to end up
with one of these viruses

893
00:56:26,303 --> 00:56:29,602
that's not only deadly
to chickens, but can jump

894
00:56:29,637 --> 00:56:33,169
and transmit human to human and
cause the next human pandemic.

895
00:56:33,937 --> 00:56:38,436
The risk of large-scale factory
farming increases the risk

896
00:56:38,470 --> 00:56:41,702
that we-- or the likelihood
that we might have a pandemic,

897
00:56:41,737 --> 00:56:44,202
particularly,
of influenza in the future.

898
00:56:44,237 --> 00:56:46,336
This pandemic
has been very severe,

899
00:56:46,370 --> 00:56:48,502
but this is not
necessarily the big one.

900
00:56:49,037 --> 00:56:52,369
[Kate Winslet]
Swine flu, which killed
over half a million people

901
00:56:52,403 --> 00:56:55,202
is believed to have
originated in pig farming.

902
00:56:55,637 --> 00:56:58,436
AIDS and the Ebola virus
are believed to have come

903
00:56:58,470 --> 00:57:02,202
from eating wild animals,
while MERS from camels,

904
00:57:02,237 --> 00:57:04,602
and also camels' milk and meat.

905
00:57:04,637 --> 00:57:08,502
SARS is thought to have spread
from live animal wet markets

906
00:57:08,537 --> 00:57:11,569
as was the recent
COVID-19 pandemic.

907
00:57:11,603 --> 00:57:15,002
Bird flu is believed
to have come from chicken farms

908
00:57:15,037 --> 00:57:17,236
and also live animal
wet markets.

909
00:57:17,270 --> 00:57:21,136
And the measles virus
is thought to have originated
from farm cows.

910
00:57:21,170 --> 00:57:25,469
[Dr. Greatorex]
People know now what
a global pandemic feels like,

911
00:57:25,503 --> 00:57:28,536
and they've seen the effects.
They will be feeling the effects

912
00:57:28,570 --> 00:57:32,202
for many years to come,
and this is a chance,

913
00:57:32,237 --> 00:57:33,902
I think, an opportunity
to point out

914
00:57:33,937 --> 00:57:36,136
that this particular
route of infection

915
00:57:36,170 --> 00:57:38,402
is a-- is a very concerning one.

916
00:57:38,837 --> 00:57:41,269
[Kate Winslet]
The World Health Organization
has announced

917
00:57:41,303 --> 00:57:43,636
that the post-antibiotic era
is near.

918
00:57:44,037 --> 00:57:47,969
A time where a simple scrape
on the arm could become fatal.

919
00:57:48,003 --> 00:57:52,702
Our miracle lifesaving
antibiotics are being
rendered useless

920
00:57:52,737 --> 00:57:56,469
due to overuse, not
because of overuse by humans,

921
00:57:56,837 --> 00:58:00,536
but because we give them each
day to billions of farm animals.

922
00:58:00,570 --> 00:58:03,302
[dramatic music]

923
00:58:20,370 --> 00:58:22,169
[Mr. Bayley]
So having been
a butcher for six years,

924
00:58:22,203 --> 00:58:24,602
one thing I know is that
if people knew what happened

925
00:58:24,637 --> 00:58:27,469
in the production of their food,
they wouldn't eat meat.

926
00:58:30,670 --> 00:58:34,136
So one of the things
that we would hit every day was

927
00:58:34,170 --> 00:58:36,469
pus nodules, tumors, cysts.

928
00:58:36,503 --> 00:58:38,902
It was something that
we would hit on a daily basis.

929
00:58:38,937 --> 00:58:41,369
Having worked
in a supermarket chain,

930
00:58:41,403 --> 00:58:44,869
I was-- I saw this firsthand
every single day.

931
00:58:45,437 --> 00:58:48,236
So here's one that's running
along the shoulder blade.

932
00:58:48,803 --> 00:58:50,436
[both]
Oh!

933
00:58:50,470 --> 00:58:53,369
-Yeah.
-That is what I remember
in the butchery,

934
00:58:53,403 --> 00:58:56,436
it comes out
like thick toothpaste.

935
00:58:56,870 --> 00:58:58,869
I remember that
every single day.

936
00:58:58,903 --> 00:59:01,069
-That's interesting to hear
you had that experience...
-Yeah.

937
00:59:01,103 --> 00:59:04,269
...all the way over there
because in the UK
it's exactly the same.

938
00:59:04,303 --> 00:59:07,036
-Yeah.
-We would see that
on a daily basis.

939
00:59:07,070 --> 00:59:10,636
But those people who say,
"It's-- it's not my butcher
who does this."

940
00:59:10,670 --> 00:59:12,669
-No.
-They need to open
their eyes,

941
00:59:12,703 --> 00:59:15,869
because if their butcher is
being honest with them, we know.

942
00:59:15,903 --> 00:59:17,602
-Yeah.
-We both know, we were in,

943
00:59:17,637 --> 00:59:19,802
-and any honest butcher
is going to admit it.
-Yeah.

944
00:59:19,837 --> 00:59:22,002
They're not going to want
to tell the public because
it's going to affect

945
00:59:22,037 --> 00:59:24,036
-their business,
but it is a fact.
-Yeah.

946
00:59:24,070 --> 00:59:26,136
And me working
in multiple butcheries,

947
00:59:26,170 --> 00:59:28,436
I saw these common trends
across the board,

948
00:59:28,470 --> 00:59:30,569
so I know that it wasn't
just isolated to the one

949
00:59:30,603 --> 00:59:33,202
that I was working in,
it was across the board for me.

950
00:59:33,237 --> 00:59:35,269
People need to reconnect
with what they're eating

951
00:59:35,303 --> 00:59:37,336
-and the whole process
that we were...
-Yeah.

952
00:59:37,370 --> 00:59:40,502
...we're talking about here
of how that food gets to them.

953
00:59:40,537 --> 00:59:43,536
Um, it's hidden from them,
and it's hidden for a reason,

954
00:59:43,570 --> 00:59:47,936
because if they saw it, it would
most definitely make them

955
00:59:47,970 --> 00:59:50,202
want to think harder
about what they're eating.

956
00:59:51,103 --> 00:59:52,736
[thunder rumbling]

957
00:59:52,770 --> 00:59:54,902
[water rushing]

958
00:59:56,370 --> 00:59:59,369
[Kate Winslet]
As our oceans and atmosphere
begin to warm,

959
00:59:59,403 --> 01:00:02,736
the water cycles of the planet
are beginning to change.

960
01:00:02,770 --> 01:00:04,702
[ominous music]

961
01:00:04,737 --> 01:00:08,536
[Mr. Rifkin]
Climate change changes
the water cycles of the planet.

962
01:00:08,570 --> 01:00:10,169
The heat that's being generated

963
01:00:10,203 --> 01:00:12,669
is forcing the precipitation
into the clouds,

964
01:00:12,703 --> 01:00:16,469
so we're getting more
concentrated precipitation
in our clouds,

965
01:00:16,503 --> 01:00:18,702
and more dramatic, extreme,

966
01:00:18,737 --> 01:00:22,236
and unpredictable water events
all over the world.

967
01:00:23,170 --> 01:00:27,002
[Kate Winslet]
In the northern region of the
remote Pacific island of Taiwan,

968
01:00:27,037 --> 01:00:30,336
the Atayal people live
high in the mountains.

969
01:00:31,237 --> 01:00:33,769
Taiwan is no stranger
to extreme weather,

970
01:00:34,470 --> 01:00:36,969
but in recent years
the strength and frequency

971
01:00:37,003 --> 01:00:39,502
of the typhoons have increased.

972
01:00:39,937 --> 01:00:42,002
This has had
a devastating effect

973
01:00:42,037 --> 01:00:45,036
on the Atayal people
and their way of life.

974
01:01:05,203 --> 01:01:07,302
[dramatic music]

975
01:01:09,403 --> 01:01:10,669
[water rushing]

976
01:01:11,703 --> 01:01:12,669
[thunder rumbling]

977
01:01:12,703 --> 01:01:13,936
[water splattering]

978
01:01:30,670 --> 01:01:31,869
[car crashing]

979
01:01:35,003 --> 01:01:37,136
[crowd yelling indistinctly]

980
01:01:58,670 --> 01:02:00,936
[Kate Winslet]
Whilst much of the world
has been experiencing

981
01:02:00,970 --> 01:02:03,102
increasing levels
of extreme flooding,

982
01:02:03,137 --> 01:02:06,269
in many places,
the opposite is happening.

983
01:02:06,937 --> 01:02:09,136
Much of the world
is increasingly entering

984
01:02:09,170 --> 01:02:13,236
into extreme drought, destroying
thousands of tons of crop,

985
01:02:13,270 --> 01:02:15,869
as millions of farmers
struggle to find

986
01:02:15,903 --> 01:02:17,802
enough water for their fields.

987
01:02:18,370 --> 01:02:20,436
[Mr. Michael]
I'm definitely worried
about the future of our farm.

988
01:02:20,470 --> 01:02:23,036
I think we're seeing,
you know, much more, uh--

989
01:02:23,070 --> 01:02:25,369
many more swings in climate
than we've seen in the past,

990
01:02:25,403 --> 01:02:28,669
but we want to use all the land
that we have to grow food,

991
01:02:28,703 --> 01:02:33,136
but we haven't been
able to just because
of the shortages of water.

992
01:02:33,170 --> 01:02:36,036
It will have an impact
on food supply and prices

993
01:02:36,070 --> 01:02:38,836
and availability,
and so estimates now are

994
01:02:38,870 --> 01:02:42,236
between 500,000 to over
1,000,000 acres of farmland

995
01:02:42,270 --> 01:02:44,636
that will come out
of production in California.

996
01:02:44,670 --> 01:02:47,169
[light dramatic music]

997
01:02:54,070 --> 01:02:56,202
[Kate Winslet]
Almeria, in the south of Spain,

998
01:02:56,237 --> 01:03:00,702
is home to 31,000 hectares
of indoor vegetable farms.

999
01:03:02,103 --> 01:03:04,369
Almeria produces
half of Europe's fresh fruit

1000
01:03:04,403 --> 01:03:06,936
and vegetables,
an essential component

1001
01:03:06,970 --> 01:03:09,636
in the supply
of the continent's food system.

1002
01:03:09,670 --> 01:03:14,102
Worryingly, Spain has been in
the grip of a 20-year drought,

1003
01:03:14,137 --> 01:03:16,969
a drought
that climate experts suggest

1004
01:03:17,003 --> 01:03:19,702
is closely linked
to climate change.

1005
01:03:21,970 --> 01:03:24,136
[translation] In terms of water,
the truth is that the drought

1006
01:03:24,170 --> 01:03:26,569
in Spain has become
a complete catastrophe.

1007
01:03:27,570 --> 01:03:30,502
Our harvests are decreasing
in massive quantities.

1008
01:03:31,303 --> 01:03:33,969
Last year,
in the area we are now,

1009
01:03:34,003 --> 01:03:35,769
there was almost no harvest.

1010
01:03:36,403 --> 01:03:39,269
People don't realize
the food system is collapsing.

1011
01:03:39,303 --> 01:03:41,069
[dramatic music continues]

1012
01:03:41,903 --> 01:03:45,236
[Kate Winslet]
As a result of this shift
in the global climate system,

1013
01:03:45,270 --> 01:03:47,436
the drought
across Africa has deepened.

1014
01:03:48,037 --> 01:03:50,669
Rivers and lakes
that supply hundreds of millions

1015
01:03:50,703 --> 01:03:54,236
with fresh drinking water
are beginning to run dry.

1016
01:03:55,470 --> 01:03:58,602
As new conflicts break out
over these dwindling resources,

1017
01:03:58,637 --> 01:04:02,069
we are witnessing the beginning
of a mass exodus of people

1018
01:04:02,103 --> 01:04:05,036
moving north,
desperate to survive.

1019
01:04:05,603 --> 01:04:09,036
These climate refugees
are willing to risk everything

1020
01:04:09,070 --> 01:04:12,369
to get themselves and their
families to what they see

1021
01:04:12,403 --> 01:04:14,269
as the safe shores of Europe.

1022
01:04:14,737 --> 01:04:17,869
In response to this modern day
mass migration,

1023
01:04:17,903 --> 01:04:20,036
Spain has built a massive wall

1024
01:04:20,070 --> 01:04:23,602
that runs along its
southernmost border in Melilla.

1025
01:04:25,003 --> 01:04:27,769
Thousands of refugees
are beginning to swarm

1026
01:04:27,803 --> 01:04:31,469
the border fences,
overwhelming the Spanish police.

1027
01:04:36,370 --> 01:04:38,202
Amid predictions
that this migratory pattern

1028
01:04:38,237 --> 01:04:41,336
is set to increase,
it seems increasingly clear

1029
01:04:41,370 --> 01:04:44,702
that our world
is poorly prepared to cope.

1030
01:04:45,203 --> 01:04:47,469
[music fades]

1031
01:04:49,603 --> 01:04:51,702
[wind blowing]

1032
01:04:59,437 --> 01:05:01,569
[hoofs thudding]

1033
01:05:07,437 --> 01:05:10,769
[somber spiritual music]

1034
01:05:26,970 --> 01:05:29,136
[Kate Winslet]
As the Gobi Desert in Mongolia

1035
01:05:29,170 --> 01:05:31,102
begins to spread deeper
and deeper

1036
01:05:31,137 --> 01:05:35,169
into the country, like a beast
consuming all life in its path,

1037
01:05:35,203 --> 01:05:37,636
many of the lakes
that support both the people

1038
01:05:37,670 --> 01:05:40,269
and the wildlife
have now dried up.

1039
01:05:40,303 --> 01:05:42,902
If the lakes
continue to disappear,

1040
01:05:42,937 --> 01:05:45,602
then the people will be
forced away from their home

1041
01:05:45,637 --> 01:05:48,469
and into distant
and strange lands.

1042
01:05:50,170 --> 01:05:51,569
[liquid splattering]

1043
01:05:55,170 --> 01:05:57,836
[gentle spiritual music]

1044
01:06:44,803 --> 01:06:47,502
A lot of people talk
about how much fresh water

1045
01:06:47,537 --> 01:06:50,036
we use for hydrofracking.

1046
01:06:50,070 --> 01:06:55,169
700 billion gallons
globally is wasted on fracking.

1047
01:06:55,670 --> 01:07:00,069
So, 700 billion gallons.
Sounds like a lot,

1048
01:07:00,103 --> 01:07:02,069
but animal agriculture,

1049
01:07:02,103 --> 01:07:06,536
the production of animals that
we use for meat around the globe

1050
01:07:06,570 --> 01:07:12,369
uses 70 trillion gallons
of fresh water a year.

1051
01:07:12,403 --> 01:07:15,002
Hundreds of thousands of times

1052
01:07:15,037 --> 01:07:16,736
as much as fracking.

1053
01:07:16,770 --> 01:07:19,702
And we give the cows and the
chickens the good stuff, right?

1054
01:07:19,737 --> 01:07:22,736
They don't get the Flint,
Michigan lead-tainted,

1055
01:07:22,770 --> 01:07:25,102
condoms-floating-in-it water.

1056
01:07:25,137 --> 01:07:26,702
They get the top shelf stuff,

1057
01:07:26,737 --> 01:07:28,636
because we don't want
to screw up our sausage links.

1058
01:07:28,670 --> 01:07:30,602
And I know what some of you
are thinking right now.

1059
01:07:30,637 --> 01:07:32,269
You're thinking,
"Oh, here's the part...

1060
01:07:32,303 --> 01:07:34,502
[with high-pitched voice]
'I'm a vegetarian and pigs

1061
01:07:34,537 --> 01:07:36,602
are people too, meh!'"

1062
01:07:36,637 --> 01:07:40,369
But no, let's ignore
how the animals are treated

1063
01:07:40,403 --> 01:07:42,136
in our factory torture farming.

1064
01:07:42,170 --> 01:07:45,102
Let's pretend they're treated
amazing, for just a minute.

1065
01:07:45,137 --> 01:07:47,469
It's like a celebrity
backstage at the Oscars,

1066
01:07:47,503 --> 01:07:49,002
they're just being fawned over

1067
01:07:49,037 --> 01:07:52,036
and they get swag bags
with free Apple watches...

1068
01:07:52,070 --> 01:07:55,102
Point is, you should still be
upset about this

1069
01:07:55,137 --> 01:07:58,169
because animal agriculture
is killing us,

1070
01:07:58,203 --> 01:08:02,769
and corporate media
is fantastically pathetic
on this topic.

1071
01:08:02,803 --> 01:08:05,502
They never mention
meat production.

1072
01:08:05,537 --> 01:08:08,002
They never mention
that a Quarter Pounder

1073
01:08:08,037 --> 01:08:12,469
takes 660 gallons
of fresh water to create.

1074
01:08:12,503 --> 01:08:15,036
That's the-- that's
the equivalent of showering

1075
01:08:15,070 --> 01:08:16,336
for two months.

1076
01:08:16,370 --> 01:08:19,236
So, one, usually underestimated

1077
01:08:19,270 --> 01:08:21,902
impact of livestock production

1078
01:08:21,937 --> 01:08:24,969
is the huge amount
of fresh water required

1079
01:08:25,003 --> 01:08:28,269
for that production to be
maintained and to be increased.

1080
01:08:28,303 --> 01:08:32,102
The problem is that in many
places, water is being used

1081
01:08:32,137 --> 01:08:35,336
much faster
than the natural renewal rates.

1082
01:08:35,370 --> 01:08:39,602
Overall, in the world,
1.8 billion people

1083
01:08:39,637 --> 01:08:42,102
are living in areas
with severe water scarcity.

1084
01:08:42,137 --> 01:08:45,002
The livestock sector
is the single biggest water
user in the world.

1085
01:08:45,037 --> 01:08:48,669
1/3 of the water use
in the world is being used

1086
01:08:48,703 --> 01:08:51,702
for producing animal products,
meat and dairy,

1087
01:08:51,737 --> 01:08:53,802
and it's not because
those animals drink so much,

1088
01:08:53,837 --> 01:08:56,202
it's really because there's
a lot of water required

1089
01:08:56,237 --> 01:08:57,902
to make the feed
for the animals.

1090
01:08:57,937 --> 01:09:01,369
If we want enough fresh water
for future generations,

1091
01:09:02,203 --> 01:09:05,869
water alone dictates
that we must change our diet,

1092
01:09:05,903 --> 01:09:07,502
away from meat and dairy.

1093
01:09:09,203 --> 01:09:12,202
[Kate Winslet]
All over the world we can
see evidence of a global shift

1094
01:09:12,237 --> 01:09:16,102
towards animal-free foods that
is enough to give us some hope.

1095
01:09:16,470 --> 01:09:21,402
In 2021, a record
580,000 people signed up

1096
01:09:21,437 --> 01:09:25,069
to the UK's Veganuary campaign,
and it's estimated

1097
01:09:25,103 --> 01:09:27,536
that there are now
over four million people

1098
01:09:27,570 --> 01:09:30,469
identifying as vegan
across the United Kingdom.

1099
01:09:30,503 --> 01:09:34,436
In Canada, it's estimated
that ten percent
of the population

1100
01:09:34,470 --> 01:09:36,936
are now either vegan
or vegetarian,

1101
01:09:36,970 --> 01:09:40,302
and in the US,
over 50 percent of chefs

1102
01:09:40,337 --> 01:09:42,602
have added vegan items
to their menus,

1103
01:09:42,637 --> 01:09:44,802
with a 600 percent increase

1104
01:09:44,837 --> 01:09:47,669
in the vegan lifestyle
in the last three years.

1105
01:09:47,703 --> 01:09:48,802
[onion slicing]

1106
01:09:49,403 --> 01:09:51,769
[playful music]

1107
01:09:51,803 --> 01:09:52,802
[oil sizzling]

1108
01:09:55,703 --> 01:09:58,036
[Mr. Brockway]
A few years ago,
it was quite a challenge

1109
01:09:58,070 --> 01:10:01,369
to get hold of good vegan food,
but today we're pretty
much spoiled

1110
01:10:01,403 --> 01:10:04,002
for choice, and there are
vegan options everywhere.

1111
01:10:04,037 --> 01:10:05,636
-Mm.
-Yeah, thanks.

1112
01:10:06,070 --> 01:10:08,102
It tastes like a normal hot dog,
is it a normal hot dog?

1113
01:10:08,137 --> 01:10:11,502
Like as in like-- or is this
like plant-based or something?

1114
01:10:11,537 --> 01:10:13,436
-What is it?
-So, it is actually
plant-based, yeah.

1115
01:10:13,470 --> 01:10:15,069
-So every--
-It's really nice.

1116
01:10:15,103 --> 01:10:16,802
-I prefer it
because I don't really...
-Do you?

1117
01:10:16,837 --> 01:10:18,636
...eat meat that much,
so this is good.

1118
01:10:18,670 --> 01:10:20,502
-All right.
-I like meat
and it tastes good...

1119
01:10:20,803 --> 01:10:22,136
-Yeah?
-...for not being meat.

1120
01:10:22,170 --> 01:10:23,469
[both]
Mm-hmm.

1121
01:10:23,503 --> 01:10:25,102
-Would you be happy with that?
-Yeah.

1122
01:10:25,137 --> 01:10:27,536
I'd be stoked.
I love meat too much,

1123
01:10:27,570 --> 01:10:29,336
so I feel like if I went
plant-based, I'd miss it,

1124
01:10:29,370 --> 01:10:31,269
but if this stuff
tastes the same...

1125
01:10:31,303 --> 01:10:33,436
-Yeah.
-...I'd be very happy with this.

1126
01:10:33,937 --> 01:10:35,269
[oil sizzling]

1127
01:10:35,303 --> 01:10:37,469
[playful music continues]

1128
01:10:38,637 --> 01:10:40,669
-...nice, messy fingers.
-It is, yeah.

1129
01:10:40,703 --> 01:10:42,402
-[laughs]
-Solid food burger.

1130
01:10:42,437 --> 01:10:44,302
-Okay.
-Thank you.

1131
01:10:44,803 --> 01:10:47,702
Would it interest you
to know that
that's completely plant-based?

1132
01:10:47,737 --> 01:10:50,336
-I wouldn't know.
So that, I would definitely--
-Wow.

1133
01:10:50,370 --> 01:10:52,102
-That's a winner.
-Yeah, I'm amazed.

1134
01:10:52,137 --> 01:10:53,702
If burgers always
tasted like that,

1135
01:10:53,737 --> 01:10:55,836
Would you be happy to just
not eat a beef burger again?

1136
01:10:55,870 --> 01:10:57,836
-[unintelligible]
-Yeah?

1137
01:10:58,370 --> 01:11:01,369
I'd like you to tell me
which one of these nuggets

1138
01:11:01,403 --> 01:11:05,802
is plant-based
and which one is real meat.

1139
01:11:06,603 --> 01:11:07,469
Okay.

1140
01:11:07,503 --> 01:11:10,302
[playful music continues]

1141
01:11:11,803 --> 01:11:13,902
It's very hard
to say which one is...

1142
01:11:13,937 --> 01:11:15,269
[laughs]

1143
01:11:15,303 --> 01:11:17,202
They taste exactly
the same, honestly.

1144
01:11:17,237 --> 01:11:18,802
-These are not the chicken?
-No.

1145
01:11:21,170 --> 01:11:22,836
-That's interesting.
-Yeah.

1146
01:11:22,870 --> 01:11:25,769
Which one of this is animal meat

1147
01:11:25,803 --> 01:11:28,702
and which one of this
is plant-based?

1148
01:11:31,170 --> 01:11:32,336
Meat or not meat?

1149
01:11:32,370 --> 01:11:33,536
You're not sure?
You're not sure.

1150
01:11:33,570 --> 01:11:35,302
-No.
-No. Yeah, I'm not sure.

1151
01:11:35,737 --> 01:11:36,969
-Meat.
-You...

1152
01:11:37,003 --> 01:11:39,602
-Yes.
-...are wrong. [laughs]

1153
01:11:39,637 --> 01:11:41,369
-Oh.
-Okay, okay. [chuckles]

1154
01:11:41,737 --> 01:11:44,002
-...but you think
the second one was chicken.
-Yeah.

1155
01:11:44,037 --> 01:11:46,736
-The second one
was actually plant-based.
-No way.

1156
01:11:46,770 --> 01:11:48,769
-Yeah, and the first one
was chicken.
-No way.

1157
01:11:48,803 --> 01:11:51,502
-Yeah.
-Okay, I didn't--
I couldn't have guessed that.

1158
01:11:51,537 --> 01:11:53,702
I definitely thought
the first one.

1159
01:11:53,737 --> 01:11:54,936
Yeah, definitely.

1160
01:11:55,970 --> 01:11:59,869
It seems that changing what we
eat to a more sustainable diet

1161
01:11:59,903 --> 01:12:03,969
can also coincidentally be
very beneficial to our health.

1162
01:12:04,003 --> 01:12:07,536
There is a growing understanding
that we can actually prevent,

1163
01:12:07,570 --> 01:12:11,369
and in many cases even reverse
some of our most common diseases

1164
01:12:11,403 --> 01:12:15,302
all through a shift
towards a whole food vegan diet.

1165
01:12:15,803 --> 01:12:18,569
Humans can survive
on many different kinds of diet,

1166
01:12:18,603 --> 01:12:21,069
but many decades
of research has now shown us

1167
01:12:21,103 --> 01:12:23,669
that the best way
of not just surviving,

1168
01:12:23,703 --> 01:12:26,802
but truly thriving, is on a
whole food plant-based diet.

1169
01:12:26,837 --> 01:12:29,402
The human can be healthy
on a plant-based diet,

1170
01:12:29,437 --> 01:12:30,969
without any animal products.

1171
01:12:31,003 --> 01:12:32,736
The major dietetic associations

1172
01:12:32,770 --> 01:12:35,836
around the world, including the
British Dietetic Association,

1173
01:12:35,870 --> 01:12:38,702
have produced statements
to say exactly that, that a diet

1174
01:12:38,737 --> 01:12:42,236
made up of whole plant foods
is healthy for humans,

1175
01:12:42,270 --> 01:12:43,836
all stages of their life.

1176
01:12:43,870 --> 01:12:46,502
[Ms. Davis]
And not only can
they be healthy,

1177
01:12:46,537 --> 01:12:50,169
but they can restore
or reclaim their health

1178
01:12:50,203 --> 01:12:52,002
adopting a plant-based diet.

1179
01:12:52,437 --> 01:12:56,269
There's certain areas, certain
populations around the world

1180
01:12:56,303 --> 01:12:57,869
that have extraordinary
health and longevity,

1181
01:12:57,903 --> 01:13:00,036
for example, a large
number of centenarians,

1182
01:13:00,070 --> 01:13:03,736
people that live over 100,
these so-called "Blue Zones."

1183
01:13:03,770 --> 01:13:06,102
What's really interesting
about the Blue Zones,

1184
01:13:06,137 --> 01:13:08,069
they actually
have more centenarians

1185
01:13:08,103 --> 01:13:09,736
than anywhere else in the world,

1186
01:13:09,770 --> 01:13:11,702
and a centenarian is someone

1187
01:13:11,737 --> 01:13:14,102
that lives at least 100 years.

1188
01:13:14,737 --> 01:13:17,469
But what-- what's really
interesting about the Blue Zones

1189
01:13:17,503 --> 01:13:21,102
is when people reach
these advanced ages,

1190
01:13:21,503 --> 01:13:24,736
they are still productive,
so the Blue Zones

1191
01:13:24,770 --> 01:13:26,336
have taught us a lot.

1192
01:13:26,370 --> 01:13:30,069
And the bottom line is,
we really want to try to emulate

1193
01:13:30,103 --> 01:13:32,436
what the people
of the Blue Zones are doing.

1194
01:13:32,870 --> 01:13:35,769
[Kate Winslet]
The five regions known
as the Blue Zones

1195
01:13:35,803 --> 01:13:37,336
are Okinawa in Japan,

1196
01:13:37,837 --> 01:13:41,702
Sardinia in Italy,
Icaria in Greece,

1197
01:13:41,737 --> 01:13:43,802
Nicoya in Costa Rica

1198
01:13:44,503 --> 01:13:46,236
and Loma Linda in California.

1199
01:13:46,837 --> 01:13:50,102
[Dr. Greger]  So the question is,
"Well, what do they all
have in common?"

1200
01:13:50,137 --> 01:13:52,836
[Dr. Newman]
They have a predominantly
plant-based diet.

1201
01:13:52,870 --> 01:13:55,736
They have a diet rich
in fruits and vegetables,

1202
01:13:55,770 --> 01:13:59,402
whole grains, beans,
soy, lentils, chickpeas.

1203
01:13:59,437 --> 01:14:01,669
They have a diet rich
in all these nutrients

1204
01:14:01,703 --> 01:14:03,769
and that's one thing
that they have in common.

1205
01:14:03,803 --> 01:14:05,269
So the EPIC study is

1206
01:14:05,303 --> 01:14:07,369
the European Prospective
Investigation

1207
01:14:07,403 --> 01:14:09,436
into Cancer and Nutrition.

1208
01:14:09,470 --> 01:14:12,269
It followed over half
a million individuals

1209
01:14:12,303 --> 01:14:15,269
from ten European countries
for more than 15 years.

1210
01:14:15,303 --> 01:14:16,836
Those in the EPIC study

1211
01:14:16,870 --> 01:14:18,669
that were eating
predominantly plant-based

1212
01:14:18,703 --> 01:14:22,436
or eating high levels of fruits
and vegetables lived longer,

1213
01:14:22,470 --> 01:14:25,336
had lower incidence of cancer
and heart disease.

1214
01:14:25,370 --> 01:14:27,702
About two and a half thousand
of the individuals

1215
01:14:27,737 --> 01:14:30,202
in the EPIC Oxford
only ate plant foods,

1216
01:14:30,237 --> 01:14:32,036
so they were vegan.
And even though

1217
01:14:32,070 --> 01:14:35,702
they weren't the most healthy
vegans or healthy plant eaters,

1218
01:14:35,737 --> 01:14:38,969
you could show that these plant
eaters were healthier,

1219
01:14:39,003 --> 01:14:44,069
they had lower incidence
of heart disease,
diabetes and cancer.

1220
01:14:44,937 --> 01:14:47,469
From everything we have
discovered on this journey,

1221
01:14:47,503 --> 01:14:50,336
it seems that moving away
from animal foods

1222
01:14:50,370 --> 01:14:52,502
to plant-based foods instead

1223
01:14:52,537 --> 01:14:56,302
can not only give us a whole
host of amazing health benefits,

1224
01:14:56,337 --> 01:14:59,169
but also gives us
a chance to be able to leave

1225
01:14:59,203 --> 01:15:02,302
a sustainable planet
for future generations to come.

1226
01:15:03,037 --> 01:15:05,936
Perhaps the single
most meaningful change

1227
01:15:05,970 --> 01:15:08,236
that we can make as individuals

1228
01:15:08,270 --> 01:15:12,769
is ultimately deciding what
ends up each day on our plates.

1229
01:15:13,203 --> 01:15:16,036
[Dr. Kong]
We are running out of time.

1230
01:15:17,170 --> 01:15:20,436
The world community
must acknowledge

1231
01:15:20,470 --> 01:15:24,602
that animal agriculture
is the most destructive

1232
01:15:24,637 --> 01:15:26,969
industry on our planet.

1233
01:15:27,937 --> 01:15:31,069
We can't wait
for government policies

1234
01:15:31,437 --> 01:15:34,269
and other organizations
to create

1235
01:15:34,303 --> 01:15:36,369
a better life for ourselves.

1236
01:15:36,403 --> 01:15:40,536
We need to stand up now
and make our voices heard.

1237
01:15:41,037 --> 01:15:42,802
Globally,
for the typical consumer,

1238
01:15:42,837 --> 01:15:45,769
avoiding meat and dairy is
probably the single biggest way

1239
01:15:45,803 --> 01:15:47,836
to reduce your impact on Earth.

1240
01:15:48,470 --> 01:15:53,202
Without addressing what we eat,
we simply won't make it.

1241
01:15:54,237 --> 01:15:56,036
This is a number one priority.

1242
01:15:56,070 --> 01:15:57,902
This is a next step,

1243
01:15:57,937 --> 01:16:00,436
in taking responsibility
for our communities,

1244
01:16:00,470 --> 01:16:02,769
our planet, our biosphere,
our fellow species.

1245
01:16:02,803 --> 01:16:04,669
[all]
Climate justice!

1246
01:16:04,703 --> 01:16:06,369
When do we want it? Now!

1247
01:16:06,403 --> 01:16:08,702
People say, "What can I do as an
individual? Feels overwhelming."

1248
01:16:08,737 --> 01:16:10,769
Well, you can make
individual choices. We all can.

1249
01:16:10,803 --> 01:16:13,802
Our individual choices
affect the collective choices.

1250
01:16:13,837 --> 01:16:15,436
We hear about airplanes
and cars.

1251
01:16:15,470 --> 01:16:17,369
And we're still going
to use those things,

1252
01:16:17,403 --> 01:16:19,502
but the choices
we make in our diet,

1253
01:16:19,537 --> 01:16:21,436
this agricultural business
where we use animals

1254
01:16:21,470 --> 01:16:23,169
as the primary
source of protein,

1255
01:16:23,203 --> 01:16:25,302
the one thing
I think we can all do is,

1256
01:16:25,337 --> 01:16:27,402
as individuals, is make
our own individual choices.

1257
01:16:27,437 --> 01:16:29,336
How we're going to live,
how we're going to eat.

1258
01:16:29,370 --> 01:16:31,602
Plant-based diet makes
all the difference in the world.

1259
01:16:31,637 --> 01:16:33,436
Just make some choices
that are good for you,

1260
01:16:33,470 --> 01:16:36,002
and being good for you,
it'll be good for the planet.

1261
01:16:38,970 --> 01:16:41,469
[Kate Winslet]
This planet is our home.

1262
01:16:42,337 --> 01:16:45,336
And it is up to us
what happens now.

1263
01:16:46,403 --> 01:16:49,569
History has shown
that when we stand together,

1264
01:16:49,603 --> 01:16:53,836
united in a common cause,
we can achieve great things.

1265
01:16:54,603 --> 01:16:57,736
Before us lies
an opportunity to build a world

1266
01:16:57,770 --> 01:16:59,469
in which we can thrive.

1267
01:16:59,903 --> 01:17:03,036
But the clock is ticking...

1268
01:17:03,803 --> 01:17:06,569
and time... is running out.

1269
01:17:06,603 --> 01:17:08,936
[dramatic music fades]

1270
01:17:25,537 --> 01:17:28,369
[light dramatic music]

1271
01:18:25,537 --> 01:18:28,069
[dramatic music continues]

1272
01:21:11,537 --> 01:21:11,602
[music fades]