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<font color="#ff8000"><b>https://torrentgalaxy.to/profile/HashMiner</b></font>
(whooshing)

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(lively instrumental music)

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- [Reporter] Here in Kiev in recent days,

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the Maidan, Independence Square,

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has turned into a full-scale war zone.

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- [Reporter] More clashes
in Ukraine's capital Kiev.

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(tense instrumental music)

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- [Man] There is absolutely no doubt

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that snipers are working here.

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I counted 10 bodies.

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- [Reporter] Now on
the brink of civil war,

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at least 70 dead so far,

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and the death toll rising.

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- What we saw here today was a revolution.

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(yells in foreign language)

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- We have invested over $5
billion to assist Ukraine

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in these and other goals.

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- NATO has expanded into 13 countries

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up to the borders of Russia, 13 countries.

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- The focus has to be
not allowing this crisis

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to turn into a hot war
between Ukraine and Russia.

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(gentle instrumental music)

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(moves into dramatic instrumental music)

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- [Narrator] Ukraine, it's
an ancient and proud land

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with a rich history,

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filled with much beauty,
heroism and sacrifice.

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Ukraine is a border land,

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a place where east meets west.

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This is the flag of Ukraine.

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The blue represents the sky.

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The gold, its seeming
endless fields of wheat.

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Ukraine is a prize many have sought

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and much blood was spilled
in the quest to possess it.

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Ukraine has been the path
for the western powers

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as they attempted to conquer the east

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in World War I and World War II,

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and every time, the Ukrainian people

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ended up paying the highest price

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for these grand games of power.

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"History doesn't repeat
but it surely rhymes,"

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said Mark Twain.

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If one looks closely at
the history of Ukraine,

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one will notice many rhymes.

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Being surrounded by stronger powers,

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Ukraine has needed a lot
of cunning to survive,

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and the art they truly mastered with time

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is the art of changing sides

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In the middle of the 17th century,

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Ukrainian leader Bogdan Khmelnitskiy

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broke a truce agreement made with Poland,

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siding with more powerful Russia.

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Just over 50 years later,

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as the Russian-Swedish war was raging

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another Ukrainian leader Ivan Mazepa

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broke the Union with Russia
when he switched sides,

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joining forces with the Swedish invaders.

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Many times Ukrainian history
was written by third parties.

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Seeking to keep the gains
of a revolution at any cost,

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Russia agreed to the
humiliating conditions

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of the Brest-Litovsk treaty of 1918,

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which turned Ukraine into
a German protectorate.

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Another historical document
that changed the fate of Ukraine

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was the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact of 1939,

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one of many such agreements being signed

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between European countries
and rising Germany.

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Attempting to protect his nation

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from the approaching Nazi threat,

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Joseph Stalin negotiated a treaty

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of non-aggression with Adolf Hitler.

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While promising each other peace,

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the Soviet and German foreign ministers,

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Molotov and Ribbentrop, realigned
the map of eastern Europe,

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splitting it into German and
Soviet spheres of influence.

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(tense instrumental music)

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No sooner had the
Molotov-Ribbentrop pact been signed,

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then Poland was split.

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And in September of 1939,

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eastern Poland awoke to be
western Ukraine and a part

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of the family of the Soviet
republics and the USSR.

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But even this bold dividing

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of land and nations only
delayed the inevitable.

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Germany broke its promise to the USSR.

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On June 22nd 1941,
Germany invaded the USSR,

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launching Barbarossa, the
largest military operation

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in world history.

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Barbarossa was aiming
for Saint-Petersburg,

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Moscow and Kiev, Ukraine,

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three destinations of major significance.

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Ukraine, with its rich
lands and resources,

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was an important industrial
and economic source

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for the USSR.

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To cut it off from the Soviet Union

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would strike a big blow indeed.

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For most of the Soviet Union,
the Second World War was

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about fighting the invaders of their land,

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but it wasn't quite so simple for Ukraine.

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The truth is Ukraine has
never been a united country.

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When World War II broke out,

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a large part of western
Ukraine's population

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welcomed the German soldiers as liberators

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from the recently forced
upon them Soviet rule

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and openly collaborated with the Germans.

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The real scale of
collaboration was not announced

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for many decades after the war,

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but we now know that whole divisions

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and battalions were formed
by Ukrainian collaborators,

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such as SS Galizien, Nachtigal
and Roland battallions.

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Just in the beginning of the war,

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more than 80,000 people
from Galicino region

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voluntarily enrolled
into division SS Galizien

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in a month and a half.

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Notorious for their
extreme cruelty towards

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the Polish, Jewish and Russian people

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on the territory of Ukraine.

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Members of these military
groups came mostly

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from the Organization of
Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN.

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Founded in 1929, this
organization had an ultimate goal

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of creating an ethnically
pure, independent Ukraine

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and considered terror an acceptable tool

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for achieving their ends.

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Their official flag was black
and red, land and blood.

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It will remain in Ukraine's
history long after the OUN

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will cease to exist.

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In early 1940, the most
radical nationalistic part

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of the organization of
Ukrainian nationalists

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got its own leader, Stepan Bandera.

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Severely anti-Semitic and anti-communist,

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he proclaimed an
independent Ukraine in 1941.

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His German allies frowned
upon such an act of self-will

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and it landed him in prison

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for nearly all of the Second World War.

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Not participating in
the events physically,

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Bandera still managed to
successfully spread his ideology.

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Many independent historians estimate

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that the OUN militia exterminated

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from 150,000 to 200,000 Jews

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on the Ukrainian territory
occupied by the Germans

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by the end of 1941.

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(somber instrumental music)

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The most notorious and outrageous massacre

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took place September 29th and
30th, 1941 in Babi Yar, Kiev.

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All kikes of the city of Kiev
and its vicinity must appear

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on Monday, September 29th by
eight o'clock in the morning.

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Bring documents, money and valuables,

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and also warm clothing, linen, et cetera.

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Any kikes who do not follow this order

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and are found elsewhere will be shot.

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33,771 Jews were killed
in this two day operation

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of the Nazis and Ukrainian militia.

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Another outrageous
massacre was carried out

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by the Ukrainian insurgent
army and the Bandera faction

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of the Organization of
Ukrainian Nationalists

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in German occupied Polish
Wolyn and eastern Galicia

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in 1943 and 1944.

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This genocide of Poles
was led by Mykola Lebed.

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35,000 to 60,000 in Wolyn
and 25,000 to 40,000

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in eastern Galicia fell victim

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to this massive ethnic
cleansing operation.

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Sensing the inevitable
loss of the German troops,

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the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

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gave up on their former ally
and began fighting equally

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against Germans and Soviet forces.

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In January 1943, USSR troops
started pushing the Nazis back,

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liberating one part of
Ukraine after another.

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Western Ukraine was the
last Ukrainian region held

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by the Germans, finally being
liberated in October of 1944.

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Bandera's bands continued
to wage their guerrilla war

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against the Soviet regime,
carrying out bloody raids

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on Ukrainian villages and towns

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and leaving behind chaos and casualties.

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This war went on till
the middle of the 1950s

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when the last collaborators
were either detained

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or fled the country.

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On May 7th, 1945, Germany
unconditionally surrendered

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to the Allies.

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Ukraine remained a part
of the Soviet Union.

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The peace after the Second
World War was short-lived.

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The United States and the Soviet Union,

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nations who allied together,

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along with England to defeat the Nazis,

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tragically became foes
as the Cold War began.

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The era of political and military tension

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between the US and the USSR
lasted for nearly 45 years,

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keeping humanity under the
constant threat of nuclear war.

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In this battle, the United
States never lost sight

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of Ukraine's importance.

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US intelligence kept a close eye

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on Ukrainian nationalist organizations

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as a possible source
of counter-intelligence

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against the Soviet Union.

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CIA documents that just
recently have been declassified

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show strong ties between US intelligence

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and Ukrainian nationalists since 1946.

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From the CIA agency report,

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it is clear that they were not mistaken

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about the nature of Ukrainian
nationalist organizations

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or their leader, Stepan Bandera himself.

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According to an OSS
report of September 1945,

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Bandera had earned a fierce reputation

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for conducting a reign of
terror during World War II.

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After the Second World War,

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Bandera and other Ukrainian Nazi leaders

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fled to Europe where the
CIA helped them hide.

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The CIA later informed

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the Immigration and Naturalization Service

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that it had concealed Stepan Bandera

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and other Ukrainians from Soviets.

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The operations involving
Ukrainians continued

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for many years.

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The Nuremberg trials of 1945 and 1946

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brought the political,
economic and military leaders

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of fascist Germany to justice

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and revealed to the world
the monstrous face of Nazism

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and the crimes they committed.

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But the Ukrainian Nazis
were spared the same fate

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and some were even granted
indulgences by the CIA.

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By 1954, the agency excused
the illegal activities

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of the OUN's security branch

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in the name of Cold War necessity.

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In 1949, Mykola Lebed, the man responsible

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for the massacres in Wolyn was
moved to the United States,

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where he died in 1989 without
ever being investigated

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or pursued as a war criminal.

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The CIA moved to protect
Ukrainian nationalist leader,

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Mykola Lebed, from criminal investigation

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by Immigration and
Naturalization Service in 1952.

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Perhaps Bandera lost his use to the US

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or maybe KGB agents outsmarted the CIA,

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but in 1959, Stepan Bandera,

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the leader of the Ukrainian nationalists,

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was killed in Munich,

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where he was hiding under
the name of Stefan Popel.

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It would be fair to say that
Bandera became a major symbol

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of Ukrainian nationalism by sheer chance

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for he wasn't neither its only
nor its most powerful one.

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Dmytro dontsov was the father

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of the far right totalitarian
doctrine in Ukraine.

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Andriy Melnyk the leader of
another fraction of the OUN.

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Roman Shukhevych was the general

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of the Ukrainian insurgent army,

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and others contributed
greatly to the movement.

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Bandera's dangerous ideology,

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suppressed by the communist authorities

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but supported by external
forces, never really died.

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The seeds of Ukrainian
nationalism were passed

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from generation to generation.

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Unfortunately, it was
just a matter of time

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before they would once again blossom.

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In 1954, Ukraine's territory
was expanded even more

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when Nikita Khrushchev,
the leader of the USSR

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and an Ukrainian himself

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generously gave the
Crimean region to Ukraine.

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Historians would argue about
the legitimacy of this transfer

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for many years to come.

255
00:15:45,779 --> 00:15:48,489
And 60 years after Khrushchev's gift,

256
00:15:48,490 --> 00:15:51,951
dramatic new events would
take place in Crimea

257
00:15:51,952 --> 00:15:54,161
- The eyes of the world are on Ukraine

258
00:15:54,162 --> 00:15:56,956
as the crisis in Crimea continues.

259
00:15:56,957 --> 00:15:58,207
Dozens of heavily armed men

260
00:15:58,208 --> 00:16:00,501
seized government buildings in Crimea.

261
00:16:00,502 --> 00:16:03,295
- Should Ukraine just shrug its shoulders

262
00:16:03,296 --> 00:16:06,006
and say, okay, Crimea is lost?

263
00:16:06,007 --> 00:16:10,137
- [Narrator] And the old arguments
would heat up once again.

264
00:16:12,389 --> 00:16:15,433
The Cold War would heat
up and cool down by turns

265
00:16:15,434 --> 00:16:16,517
while both rivals

266
00:16:16,518 --> 00:16:20,396
were obsessively building
up military capacity.

267
00:16:20,397 --> 00:16:23,691
The turning point took place
when the new era, Perestroika

268
00:16:23,692 --> 00:16:28,279
came to the USSR with its new
leader, Mikhail Gorbachev,

269
00:16:28,280 --> 00:16:30,490
in the middle of the 1980s.

270
00:16:31,408 --> 00:16:33,033
Perestroika meant restructuring

271
00:16:33,034 --> 00:16:36,662
towards liberalization
and democratization.

272
00:16:36,663 --> 00:16:38,497
It certainly had a positive impact

273
00:16:38,498 --> 00:16:40,541
on the international situation.

274
00:16:40,542 --> 00:16:42,334
- Astonishing news from East Germany,

275
00:16:42,335 --> 00:16:45,004
where the East German authorities
have said, in essence,

276
00:16:45,005 --> 00:16:49,134
that the Berlin wall doesn't
mean anything anymore

277
00:16:52,053 --> 00:16:54,763
- [Narrator] But inside
the USSR, the weakening

278
00:16:54,764 --> 00:16:58,560
of Kremlin control had
different consequences.

279
00:16:59,769 --> 00:17:02,897
In Ukraine, a nationalistic
political organization,

280
00:17:02,898 --> 00:17:05,441
Narodniy Rukh, or People's Movement

281
00:17:05,442 --> 00:17:08,820
emerged in 1989 due to this new openness.

282
00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:14,533
- [Narrator] They advocated
for independence of Ukraine

283
00:17:14,534 --> 00:17:17,870
from the USSR and became an incubator

284
00:17:17,871 --> 00:17:20,832
for leaders of Ukrainian neo-Nazism.

285
00:17:23,293 --> 00:17:27,422
In 1991, one of them, Oleh
Tyahnybok, founded Svoboda,

286
00:17:28,590 --> 00:17:31,550
an openly radical nationalistic party

287
00:17:31,551 --> 00:17:35,263
preaching the good old
principles of Bandera.

288
00:17:46,483 --> 00:17:49,068
- [Narrator] Purge Ukraine
from Jews and Russians,

289
00:17:49,069 --> 00:17:52,154
Ukraine for Ukrainians, and so on.

290
00:17:52,155 --> 00:17:53,864
His statements got him the fifth place

291
00:17:53,865 --> 00:17:55,658
in the Simon Wiesenthal Center

292
00:17:55,659 --> 00:17:59,788
Top 10 Anti-Semitic World
Leader rankings of 2012.

293
00:18:02,832 --> 00:18:06,962
- [Narrator] But also, sadly,
attracted numerous followers.

294
00:18:07,837 --> 00:18:11,799
Dmitri Yarosh founded another
extreme right organization

295
00:18:11,800 --> 00:18:13,927
Trizub or Trident in 1994.

296
00:18:16,388 --> 00:18:19,473
In April 2013, Yarosh became an assistant

297
00:18:19,474 --> 00:18:23,352
to a member of parliament
from the opposition party Udar

298
00:18:23,353 --> 00:18:25,187
Later that same year,

299
00:18:25,188 --> 00:18:26,022
he would become the leader

300
00:18:26,023 --> 00:18:30,151
of the most radical Ukrainian
Nazi group, the Right Sector.

301
00:18:34,364 --> 00:18:37,449
Andriy Parubiy would soon
appearing leading a whole army

302
00:18:37,450 --> 00:18:39,828
of ultra-nationalist warriors

303
00:18:41,871 --> 00:18:44,665
and the torch marches would once again

304
00:18:44,666 --> 00:18:48,044
light up the streets of Ukrainian cities.

305
00:19:01,850 --> 00:19:05,477
The world drastically
changed in August 1991

306
00:19:05,478 --> 00:19:09,106
when the USSR de-facto ceased to exist.

307
00:19:09,107 --> 00:19:12,401
The global political map
welcomed many newcomers,

308
00:19:12,402 --> 00:19:14,862
Ukraine one of them.

309
00:19:14,863 --> 00:19:15,822
In modern history,

310
00:19:15,823 --> 00:19:18,866
it was the first time
Ukraine was truly independent

311
00:19:18,867 --> 00:19:20,410
and all on its own.

312
00:19:26,082 --> 00:19:28,334
- The red flag came down
over the Kremlin tonight

313
00:19:28,335 --> 00:19:30,294
as president Gorbachev resigned

314
00:19:30,295 --> 00:19:31,920
and brought to an end seven decades

315
00:19:31,921 --> 00:19:35,883
of communist rule in the Soviet Union.

316
00:19:35,884 --> 00:19:38,636
- [Narrator] The years after
the disintegration of the USSR

317
00:19:38,637 --> 00:19:41,096
became known as crazy '90s

318
00:19:41,097 --> 00:19:43,975
in all the post-Soviet territories.

319
00:19:44,976 --> 00:19:48,103
- He's leaving behind
15 independent states

320
00:19:48,104 --> 00:19:50,981
which share only a disastrous economy

321
00:19:50,982 --> 00:19:52,816
and an uncertain future.

322
00:19:52,817 --> 00:19:53,652
- [Narrator] After having been

323
00:19:53,653 --> 00:19:55,736
<i>under a government-controlled economy,</i>

324
00:19:55,737 --> 00:19:59,490
the free market dramatically
changed the rules of the game.

325
00:19:59,491 --> 00:20:01,367
New businesses emerged instantly

326
00:20:01,368 --> 00:20:05,204
and the first oligarchs
were born overnight.

327
00:20:05,205 --> 00:20:07,539
The former country with no class division

328
00:20:07,540 --> 00:20:10,000
suddenly became stratified,

329
00:20:10,001 --> 00:20:12,252
the chosen few became rich

330
00:20:12,253 --> 00:20:15,382
while the rest had to fight to survive

331
00:20:53,670 --> 00:20:55,713
- [Narrator] The people's
growing discontent

332
00:20:55,714 --> 00:20:58,716
made Ukraine more
vulnerable to outside forces

333
00:20:58,717 --> 00:21:01,009
and a new kind of warfare was launched,

334
00:21:01,010 --> 00:21:04,639
one not known before,
the color revolutions.

335
00:21:08,351 --> 00:21:10,102
- [Reporter] Demonstrators
clash with police,

336
00:21:10,103 --> 00:21:13,480
hundreds of thousands protesting
the results of the election

337
00:21:13,481 --> 00:21:15,692
and calling for a new vote.

338
00:21:18,361 --> 00:21:20,571
- [Narrator] Ukraine has
had two color revolutions

339
00:21:20,572 --> 00:21:23,157
in its 24 years of its independence.

340
00:21:23,158 --> 00:21:27,035
In 2004, crowds of people
descended upon Kiev,

341
00:21:27,036 --> 00:21:31,248
marking the start of
the Orange Revolution.

342
00:21:31,249 --> 00:21:34,209
At that time, Ukraine became
once again a battlefield

343
00:21:34,210 --> 00:21:39,173
of two forces, the Russian
and western governments.

344
00:21:39,174 --> 00:21:41,008
The culmination of this
conflict took place

345
00:21:41,009 --> 00:21:45,679
during the presidential
elections in November of 2004.

346
00:21:45,680 --> 00:21:49,349
The two major candidates,
Western-backed Viktor Yushchenko

347
00:21:49,350 --> 00:21:51,727
and Russian-leaning Viktor Yanukovich

348
00:21:51,728 --> 00:21:55,439
almost equally shared
the votes of Ukrainians.

349
00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:58,859
By the way, calling Viktor
Yushchenko western-backed

350
00:21:58,860 --> 00:22:01,361
is not an exaggeration.

351
00:22:01,362 --> 00:22:03,781
His wife, Kateryna Yushchenko,

352
00:22:03,782 --> 00:22:06,325
is a former US state department official

353
00:22:06,326 --> 00:22:07,160
and worked in the white house

354
00:22:07,161 --> 00:22:09,495
during the Reagan administration.

355
00:22:09,496 --> 00:22:12,581
The division was along geographic lines.

356
00:22:12,582 --> 00:22:15,000
Traditionally Russian eastern Ukraine

357
00:22:15,001 --> 00:22:16,794
voted for Yanukovich,

358
00:22:16,795 --> 00:22:20,130
while western Ukraine chosen Yushchenko.

359
00:22:20,131 --> 00:22:21,465
By the announced results,

360
00:22:21,466 --> 00:22:24,551
Viktor Yushchenko lost
to Viktor Yanukovich

361
00:22:24,552 --> 00:22:26,887
but thousands of people
didn't agree with it

362
00:22:26,888 --> 00:22:28,847
and they came to the
central square of Kiev

363
00:22:28,848 --> 00:22:30,809
on the 22nd of November.

364
00:22:32,018 --> 00:22:35,103
The situation received wide news coverage.

365
00:22:35,104 --> 00:22:36,271
- [Reporter] The country's
election commission

366
00:22:36,272 --> 00:22:37,898
ignored reports of fraud,

367
00:22:37,899 --> 00:22:42,027
declaring Kremlin-backed
Viktor Yanukovich the winner.

368
00:22:42,028 --> 00:22:43,612
- [Narrator] International politicians

369
00:22:43,613 --> 00:22:47,366
such as former General Secretary
of NATO, Javier Solana,

370
00:22:47,367 --> 00:22:49,535
became frequent guests in Kiev,

371
00:22:49,536 --> 00:22:53,164
initiating negotiations
between the parties.

372
00:22:58,837 --> 00:23:00,462
- [Narrator] The results of
the negotiations, however,

373
00:23:00,463 --> 00:23:03,590
were often reached only on paper.

374
00:23:03,591 --> 00:23:05,884
Thus, Yushchenko never told his supporters

375
00:23:05,885 --> 00:23:10,097
to stop blocking the government
buildings in central Kiev.

376
00:23:10,098 --> 00:23:13,600
Therefore these non-violent
and very orange protests

377
00:23:13,601 --> 00:23:16,478
lasted for a month, during which time

378
00:23:16,479 --> 00:23:18,897
the previous election
results were annulled,

379
00:23:18,898 --> 00:23:20,774
marred by massive corruption,

380
00:23:20,775 --> 00:23:22,818
and new elections were announced

381
00:23:22,819 --> 00:23:26,071
An important nuance, just 3 months before,

382
00:23:26,072 --> 00:23:27,823
Viktor Yushchenko became a victim

383
00:23:27,824 --> 00:23:31,618
to a mysterious and
still unsolved poisoning

384
00:23:31,619 --> 00:23:35,289
but it didn't prevent him from
winning in the new election.

385
00:23:35,290 --> 00:23:37,040
Though as we shall soon see,

386
00:23:37,041 --> 00:23:39,293
there was much more than
just the people's will

387
00:23:39,294 --> 00:23:41,461
that led to this victory.

388
00:23:41,462 --> 00:23:43,714
This peaceful revolution and its leader

389
00:23:43,715 --> 00:23:47,301
were warmly welcomed by
the international community

390
00:23:47,302 --> 00:23:49,595
but the euphoria didn't last long.

391
00:23:49,596 --> 00:23:52,806
Yushchenko's government
completely failed with reforms

392
00:23:52,807 --> 00:23:55,851
and lost its chance to
establish democracy,

393
00:23:55,852 --> 00:23:58,437
instead descending into in-fighting.

394
00:23:58,438 --> 00:24:01,940
Viktor Yushchenko was not
reelected for a second term

395
00:24:01,941 --> 00:24:03,400
but at the end of his presidency,

396
00:24:03,401 --> 00:24:05,736
he had time to make one last gift

397
00:24:05,737 --> 00:24:08,865
to his supporters from western Ukraine

398
00:24:44,442 --> 00:24:45,401
- [Narrator] The hero status

399
00:24:45,402 --> 00:24:48,612
of Stepan Bandera was short-lived.

400
00:24:48,613 --> 00:24:52,950
In 2010, Viktor Yanukovich
was elected president.

401
00:24:52,951 --> 00:24:55,827
This time the international
community had no doubts

402
00:24:55,828 --> 00:24:58,872
about the legitimacy of the elections.

403
00:24:58,873 --> 00:25:02,292
In January 2011, Viktor Yanukovich

404
00:25:02,293 --> 00:25:05,963
repealed the hero title of Bandera.

405
00:25:05,964 --> 00:25:08,674
Almost four years into
his presidency, though,

406
00:25:08,675 --> 00:25:11,551
another revolution shook Ukraine.

407
00:25:11,552 --> 00:25:15,682
Unfortunately, this one
was anything but peaceful.

408
00:25:21,396 --> 00:25:25,274
(speaking in foreign language)

409
00:25:27,902 --> 00:25:30,445
- Mr. Yanukovich, I am an American.

410
00:25:30,446 --> 00:25:34,449
I'm an outsider to this situation
and it's very complicated

411
00:25:34,450 --> 00:25:37,161
but I would like, as a filmmaker,

412
00:25:38,204 --> 00:25:40,038
just to jump into the action

413
00:25:40,039 --> 00:25:43,418
and go to those moments in November 2013.

414
00:25:44,293 --> 00:25:46,420
You're president of the Ukraine,

415
00:25:46,421 --> 00:25:48,964
you've been president for
three years at this point.

416
00:25:48,965 --> 00:25:52,175
The country is in a bad
economic shape, very bad.

417
00:25:52,176 --> 00:25:54,636
You have a trade agreement with Russia

418
00:25:54,637 --> 00:25:57,514
and now you're seeking to
make a better agreement

419
00:25:57,515 --> 00:26:00,058
with the EU, with the European Union,

420
00:26:00,059 --> 00:26:01,935
and you're negotiating.

421
00:26:01,936 --> 00:26:06,065
Can you bring me to that moment
and what you were thinking?

422
00:28:37,550 --> 00:28:38,842
- [Reporter] Violent clashes erupted

423
00:28:38,843 --> 00:28:40,719
in the Ukrainian capital, Kiev

424
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:43,305
as more than 100,000 people protested

425
00:28:43,306 --> 00:28:45,182
against government decision

426
00:28:45,183 --> 00:28:49,186
to delay an association deal with the EU.

427
00:28:49,187 --> 00:28:51,855
- Vitaliy, you were the
Minister of Interior Affairs

428
00:28:51,856 --> 00:28:53,315
for the Ukraine during this period

429
00:28:53,316 --> 00:28:55,817
and you were Chief of Police,
essentially of the country.

430
00:28:55,818 --> 00:28:58,236
Can you tell me your
version of what happened

431
00:28:58,237 --> 00:29:02,283
from November protests
through February protests?

432
00:29:24,555 --> 00:29:26,056
- [Narrator] Arseniy Yatsenuk,

433
00:29:26,057 --> 00:29:28,767
leader of the opposition party Fatherland,

434
00:29:28,768 --> 00:29:31,645
Oleh Tyahnybok, leader of
the opposition nationalist

435
00:29:31,646 --> 00:29:34,272
far right radical party Svoboda,

436
00:29:34,273 --> 00:29:38,193
Vitali Klitschko, leader of
the opposition party Udar.

437
00:29:38,194 --> 00:29:40,320
- [Reporter] Both EU and
Ukrainian officials said

438
00:29:40,321 --> 00:29:42,822
on Thursday, the suspension
of talks on closer ties

439
00:29:42,823 --> 00:29:46,076
could be revived after
the two-day meeting,

440
00:29:46,077 --> 00:29:50,206
but officials said the deal
was off the table for now.

441
00:30:08,724 --> 00:30:10,809
- [Reporter] Pro-EU protests
on the streets of Kiev

442
00:30:10,810 --> 00:30:12,852
enter their second day.

443
00:30:12,853 --> 00:30:15,146
The crowd of around 1,000
protesters were joined

444
00:30:15,147 --> 00:30:16,439
by the leader of the opposition,

445
00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:19,401
the reigning world boxing
champion, Vitali Klitschko.

446
00:30:19,402 --> 00:30:20,819
He called on the demonstrators

447
00:30:20,820 --> 00:30:22,237
to maintain pressure on the government

448
00:30:22,238 --> 00:30:26,908
after it decided not to sign a
major trade deal with the EU.

449
00:30:26,909 --> 00:30:28,451
- You go back to Kiev the next day

450
00:30:28,452 --> 00:30:30,453
after the meeting with Merkel

451
00:30:30,454 --> 00:30:32,455
and protests are up, am I right?

452
00:30:32,456 --> 00:30:35,418
Can you take me through that period?

453
00:31:13,956 --> 00:31:14,998
- [Narrator] Robert Parry

454
00:31:14,999 --> 00:31:16,750
is a longtime investigative journalist

455
00:31:16,751 --> 00:31:18,710
based in Washington DC,

456
00:31:18,711 --> 00:31:20,962
best known for his major disclosures

457
00:31:20,963 --> 00:31:24,382
about the Iran-Contra scandal in 1980s.

458
00:31:24,383 --> 00:31:26,468
He is the founder of Consortiumnews,

459
00:31:26,469 --> 00:31:30,055
where he has reported extensively
on the crisis in Ukraine

460
00:31:30,056 --> 00:31:32,515
and the forces behind the unrest.

461
00:31:32,516 --> 00:31:35,560
- An NGO is a
non-governmental organization.

462
00:31:35,561 --> 00:31:37,937
Now many NGOs are quite legitimate.

463
00:31:37,938 --> 00:31:40,982
They represent good causes,
maybe they help people

464
00:31:40,983 --> 00:31:44,319
in a country feed or
deal with water problems

465
00:31:44,320 --> 00:31:47,322
or deal with various
kinds of social problems.

466
00:31:47,323 --> 00:31:50,492
But there are some NGOs
that have become funded

467
00:31:50,493 --> 00:31:52,535
by government entities

468
00:31:52,536 --> 00:31:55,455
and serve more the
purpose of that government

469
00:31:55,456 --> 00:31:57,540
rather than trying to serve the people

470
00:31:57,541 --> 00:32:00,126
that they are ostensibly working for.

471
00:32:00,127 --> 00:32:02,212
One thing we saw in the 1980s,

472
00:32:02,213 --> 00:32:04,172
at that point the Central
Intelligence Agency

473
00:32:04,173 --> 00:32:05,465
had been largely discredited

474
00:32:05,466 --> 00:32:09,719
because of the scandals that
had been exposed in the 1970s.

475
00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:12,972
- [Reporter] For 15 years,
the CIA had secretly financed

476
00:32:12,973 --> 00:32:16,476
overseas activities of the
National Students Associations,

477
00:32:16,477 --> 00:32:19,145
but then there came to
light a fantastic web

478
00:32:19,146 --> 00:32:21,106
of CIA penetrations.

479
00:32:21,107 --> 00:32:23,149
- So when the Reagan
administration came in,

480
00:32:23,150 --> 00:32:26,611
there was this concept that
instead of having the CIA

481
00:32:26,612 --> 00:32:27,654
which traditionally would go

482
00:32:27,655 --> 00:32:29,531
into these different target countries

483
00:32:29,532 --> 00:32:32,784
funding their media, funding NGOs,

484
00:32:32,785 --> 00:32:35,787
funding different political operations,

485
00:32:35,788 --> 00:32:39,040
that was essentially farmed
out to a new organization

486
00:32:39,041 --> 00:32:40,792
called the National
Endowment for Democracy,

487
00:32:40,793 --> 00:32:43,461
which was created in 1983.

488
00:32:43,462 --> 00:32:46,423
And it would do pretty much
what the agency used to do.

489
00:32:46,424 --> 00:32:47,549
It would go into one of these countries

490
00:32:47,550 --> 00:32:50,385
and it would support
various political groups,

491
00:32:50,386 --> 00:32:54,764
train activists, deal with
journalists, business groups

492
00:32:54,765 --> 00:32:58,143
and try to advance US
foreign policy interests,

493
00:32:58,144 --> 00:32:59,853
sometimes against the interests

494
00:32:59,854 --> 00:33:02,480
of the host government,
the target government.

495
00:33:02,481 --> 00:33:04,107
And beyond that, they received financial

496
00:33:04,108 --> 00:33:06,067
and other logistical help

497
00:33:06,068 --> 00:33:07,861
from the National Endowment for Democracy

498
00:33:07,862 --> 00:33:11,948
and other US agencies that
helped them training activists,

499
00:33:11,949 --> 00:33:13,283
working with journalists

500
00:33:13,284 --> 00:33:16,995
to get their side
presented more favorably.

501
00:33:16,996 --> 00:33:19,539
They work on things like
how do you get traction,

502
00:33:19,540 --> 00:33:21,124
how do you get things to go viral,

503
00:33:21,125 --> 00:33:25,212
how do you then use that to
generate support for your cause.

504
00:33:26,589 --> 00:33:30,008
- [Narrator] And support was generated.

505
00:33:30,009 --> 00:33:31,968
Mustafa Nayem, a founder of one

506
00:33:31,969 --> 00:33:34,430
of Ukraine's new media outlets

507
00:33:37,057 --> 00:33:39,476
- [Narrator] Hromadske. tv knew very well

508
00:33:39,477 --> 00:33:42,270
how to make something go viral.

509
00:33:42,271 --> 00:33:44,564
It was his notorious Facebook post

510
00:33:44,565 --> 00:33:47,150
on November 21st, 2013

511
00:33:47,151 --> 00:33:50,446
that brought the first crowds to Maidan.

512
00:33:59,079 --> 00:34:00,747
- [Narrator] "If you
don't read the newspaper,

513
00:34:00,748 --> 00:34:02,123
you are uninformed.

514
00:34:02,124 --> 00:34:05,627
If you read the newspaper, you
are misinformed," Mark Twain.

515
00:34:05,628 --> 00:34:07,754
To deliver your message efficiently enough

516
00:34:07,755 --> 00:34:10,840
in the modern world with so
many different technologies

517
00:34:10,841 --> 00:34:14,093
and means of communications,
you must embrace them all.

518
00:34:14,094 --> 00:34:16,721
As the disturbing events
of Euromaidan started

519
00:34:16,722 --> 00:34:19,265
on November 21st, 2013,

520
00:34:19,266 --> 00:34:21,935
three new TV channels went on the air

521
00:34:21,936 --> 00:34:25,772
and suddenly became
stunningly popular in Ukraine.

522
00:34:25,773 --> 00:34:27,816
Spilno. tv, November 21st,

523
00:34:30,778 --> 00:34:32,988
Hromadske. tv, November 22nd

524
00:34:34,823 --> 00:34:37,992
and Espreso. tv, November 24th.

525
00:34:37,993 --> 00:34:38,827
Directly from opposition protests,

526
00:34:38,828 --> 00:34:40,955
these channels went viral,

527
00:34:42,289 --> 00:34:45,416
supporting the protests and
encouraging more and more people

528
00:34:45,417 --> 00:34:46,877
to come to Maidan.

529
00:36:03,454 --> 00:36:07,082
(yells in foreign language)

530
00:36:18,510 --> 00:36:20,511
- [Narrator] November 30th of 2013

531
00:36:20,512 --> 00:36:24,057
became the first turning
point of Euromaidan

532
00:36:24,058 --> 00:36:28,187
and one of its most reported
and mysterious events.

533
00:37:41,385 --> 00:37:42,219
- [Reporter] After riot police

534
00:37:42,220 --> 00:37:44,721
attacked peaceful protesters with clubs...

535
00:37:44,722 --> 00:37:46,639
It happened early in the morning hours.

536
00:37:46,640 --> 00:37:48,224
Eyewitnesses that were there say

537
00:37:48,225 --> 00:37:51,103
that the police did use truncheons.

538
00:38:37,107 --> 00:38:39,400
- [Narrator] Coincidentally,
Serhiy Lyovochkin

539
00:38:39,401 --> 00:38:43,030
is a close associate
to many US politicians.

540
00:38:43,947 --> 00:38:46,032
The security service
of Ukraine had evidence

541
00:38:46,033 --> 00:38:49,494
that on that night,
Lyovochkin was in contact

542
00:38:49,495 --> 00:38:52,121
with the opposition leader Yatsenyuk

543
00:38:52,122 --> 00:38:54,373
where they discussed
the clearing of Maidan

544
00:38:54,374 --> 00:38:58,669
on the pretext of installing
the annual Christmas tree.

545
00:38:58,670 --> 00:38:59,670
News media reported

546
00:38:59,671 --> 00:39:02,006
that the riot police cruelly
attacked the students

547
00:39:02,007 --> 00:39:04,550
peacefully sleeping in their tents

548
00:39:04,551 --> 00:39:08,054
but scenes from the event seem
to tell a different story.

549
00:39:08,055 --> 00:39:11,307
It appears that the protesters
were waiting for the police.

550
00:39:11,308 --> 00:39:13,643
Additionally, there were
dozens of journalists

551
00:39:13,644 --> 00:39:16,729
and cameramen from all the
new public TV news outlets

552
00:39:16,730 --> 00:39:19,232
prepared to covered the events.

553
00:39:19,233 --> 00:39:22,318
And most ominously, group
of well trained young men

554
00:39:22,319 --> 00:39:24,987
arrived to Maidan almost simultaneously

555
00:39:24,988 --> 00:39:26,698
with the riot police.

556
00:39:27,991 --> 00:39:30,368
They infiltrated the crowd
and began provocations

557
00:39:30,369 --> 00:39:32,996
with insults, stones and torches

558
00:39:35,582 --> 00:39:36,833
- The Right Sector in Ukraine

559
00:39:36,834 --> 00:39:40,127
represents a part of
the Ukrainian population

560
00:39:40,128 --> 00:39:44,715
that has often favored fairly
extreme right-wing positions.

561
00:39:44,716 --> 00:39:46,259
They had militias

562
00:39:46,260 --> 00:39:50,555
that came especially
during the Maidan protests.

563
00:39:50,556 --> 00:39:54,517
There were groups that were
being shipped into Kiev

564
00:39:54,518 --> 00:39:57,353
where they would provide
the muscle, in effect,

565
00:39:57,354 --> 00:39:58,563
for the demonstrations.

566
00:39:58,564 --> 00:39:59,356
So the demonstrations went

567
00:39:59,357 --> 00:40:01,774
from being relatively
peaceful political protests

568
00:40:01,775 --> 00:40:04,318
to being increasingly violent.

569
00:40:04,319 --> 00:40:06,320
- [Narrator] The first
step in any detective work

570
00:40:06,321 --> 00:40:08,407
is to establish a motive.

571
00:40:10,033 --> 00:40:12,076
It is now said that Serhiy Lyovochkin

572
00:40:12,077 --> 00:40:16,206
is held in high esteem by
his powerful US friends.

573
00:40:17,541 --> 00:40:20,167
Outraged by what was reported in the news,

574
00:40:20,168 --> 00:40:23,296
the Ukrainian people came
out in force on the next day

575
00:40:23,297 --> 00:40:26,716
to vent their anger
with the police actions.

576
00:40:26,717 --> 00:40:30,012
- The violence started to take off when?

577
00:41:33,283 --> 00:41:34,367
- [Narrator] As veiled and masked

578
00:41:34,368 --> 00:41:36,827
as the color revolutions can be,

579
00:41:36,828 --> 00:41:38,913
an attentive viewer can
see a subtle patterns

580
00:41:38,914 --> 00:41:42,584
and similarities revealing
their true nature.

581
00:41:45,587 --> 00:41:48,214
To make crowds act as one obedient group,

582
00:41:48,215 --> 00:41:51,133
they have to be united
at the unconscious level.

583
00:41:51,134 --> 00:41:53,844
The masterminds of color
revolutions know this well

584
00:41:53,845 --> 00:41:56,056
and have perfected the art.

585
00:41:59,559 --> 00:42:01,727
Symbolism is one of
the most powerful tools

586
00:42:01,728 --> 00:42:03,688
to achieve this end.

587
00:42:03,689 --> 00:42:05,439
Revolutionary political organizations

588
00:42:05,440 --> 00:42:07,566
with surprisingly similar names

589
00:42:07,567 --> 00:42:09,777
and even more similar logos

590
00:42:09,778 --> 00:42:11,570
have appeared time and again

591
00:42:11,571 --> 00:42:14,490
almost as omens marking the
countries that would be hit

592
00:42:14,491 --> 00:42:16,535
by the color plague next.

593
00:42:18,662 --> 00:42:21,956
They are often described
as being aware and active,

594
00:42:21,957 --> 00:42:25,126
when they're actually trained and radical.

595
00:42:25,127 --> 00:42:27,378
They are the ones who take the first shot,

596
00:42:27,379 --> 00:42:29,630
literal and metaphorical

597
00:42:29,631 --> 00:42:31,674
to transform the peaceful protests

598
00:42:31,675 --> 00:42:34,052
into full-blown coup d'etats.

599
00:42:35,095 --> 00:42:36,846
Their fingerprints can be found everywhere

600
00:42:36,847 --> 00:42:39,474
on the map of color revolutions.

601
00:42:42,310 --> 00:42:45,187
Using all the experience
of past generations,

602
00:42:45,188 --> 00:42:46,981
simple but effective tools

603
00:42:46,982 --> 00:42:51,028
like catchy singalongs
and chanting are employed.

604
00:42:54,364 --> 00:42:55,865
- [Narrator] Well known
for exciting the crowd

605
00:42:55,866 --> 00:42:57,408
and creating the group identity,

606
00:42:57,409 --> 00:42:59,410
they depersonalize individuals

607
00:42:59,411 --> 00:43:02,289
and make them easier to manipulate.

608
00:43:27,147 --> 00:43:29,899
- [Narrator] Incidentally,
one such organization,

609
00:43:29,900 --> 00:43:32,693
Hromadske. tv, received generous donations

610
00:43:32,694 --> 00:43:35,237
from the Dutch and US embassies

611
00:43:35,238 --> 00:43:38,032
as well as from the
Renaissance Foundation,

612
00:43:38,033 --> 00:43:40,577
an NGO founded by George Soros.

613
00:43:41,912 --> 00:43:44,580
- I've set up a foundation in Ukraine

614
00:43:44,581 --> 00:43:48,126
before Ukraine became
independent of Russia

615
00:43:49,920 --> 00:43:54,673
and the foundation has
been functioning ever since

616
00:43:54,674 --> 00:43:58,386
and it played a important
part in events now.

617
00:44:01,890 --> 00:44:03,432
- [Narrator] "I like criticism,

618
00:44:03,433 --> 00:44:06,268
"but it must be my way,” Mark Twain.

619
00:44:06,269 --> 00:44:08,646
- Did you see any evidence
of US involvement?

620
00:44:08,647 --> 00:44:11,566
Did you feel a presence from the US?

621
00:44:38,635 --> 00:44:41,679
- We will be back here, on this square,

622
00:44:41,680 --> 00:44:44,807
to celebrate with you a Ukraine

623
00:44:44,808 --> 00:44:46,809
that stands together with Europe

624
00:44:46,810 --> 00:44:49,478
and stands with the United States.

625
00:44:49,479 --> 00:44:51,981
- Well, members of congress
were visiting Ukraine

626
00:44:51,982 --> 00:44:53,023
during that period.

627
00:44:53,024 --> 00:44:55,234
Most famously, Congressman John McCain.

628
00:44:55,235 --> 00:44:58,154
So some of the people who were
challenging their government,

629
00:44:58,155 --> 00:44:59,905
their elected government at that point,

630
00:44:59,906 --> 00:45:03,075
were being told by the senior US official,

631
00:45:03,076 --> 00:45:04,410
a person who ran for president,

632
00:45:04,411 --> 00:45:06,871
and a top official in the US Congress

633
00:45:06,872 --> 00:45:09,248
that the US was with them.

634
00:45:09,249 --> 00:45:11,917
- I'm senator John McCain
and it's always a pleasure

635
00:45:11,918 --> 00:45:14,128
to be back in Ukraine

636
00:45:14,129 --> 00:45:17,965
- Senator McCain was, in
a sense, giving the people

637
00:45:17,966 --> 00:45:20,718
in the Maidan a feeling
that they had the backing

638
00:45:20,719 --> 00:45:22,469
of the most powerful country on Earth.

639
00:45:22,470 --> 00:45:25,681
- This is about the future
you want for your country.

640
00:45:25,682 --> 00:45:28,727
This is about the future you deserve.

641
00:46:15,190 --> 00:46:17,399
- Who was your highest level
contact at the US government

642
00:46:17,400 --> 00:46:18,693
in this period?

643
00:46:35,627 --> 00:46:37,587
- And the US Ambassador?

644
00:47:00,777 --> 00:47:02,695
- In early February of 2014

645
00:47:02,696 --> 00:47:05,447
as the Maidan crisis was
getting more violent,

646
00:47:05,448 --> 00:47:07,449
there was a phone call
that was intercepted.

647
00:47:07,450 --> 00:47:09,368
It was a call between the
Assistant Secretary of State

648
00:47:09,369 --> 00:47:11,537
for European Affairs, Victoria Nuland,

649
00:47:11,538 --> 00:47:15,082
and the US Ambassador to
Ukraine, Geoffrey Pyatt.

650
00:47:15,083 --> 00:47:16,917
- Questions of credibility
are being raised

651
00:47:16,918 --> 00:47:20,713
after a private chat
between two top US diplomats

652
00:47:20,714 --> 00:47:22,256
was leaked online.

653
00:47:22,257 --> 00:47:23,549
- [Victoria] I think Yats is the guy

654
00:47:23,550 --> 00:47:25,592
who's got the economic experience,

655
00:47:25,593 --> 00:47:27,637
the governing experience.

656
00:47:28,513 --> 00:47:31,515
What he needs is Klitsch
and Tyahnybok on the outside

657
00:47:31,516 --> 00:47:33,642
I just think Klitsch going in,

658
00:47:33,643 --> 00:47:36,562
he's going to be at that
level working for Yatsenyuk,

659
00:47:36,563 --> 00:47:38,272
it's just not going to work.

660
00:47:38,273 --> 00:47:40,232
- [Geoffrey] Yeah, no,
I think that's right.

661
00:47:40,233 --> 00:47:43,610
Okay, good, do you want us to
try to set up a call with him

662
00:47:43,611 --> 00:47:46,071
as the next step?
- Sullivan's come back to me,

663
00:47:46,072 --> 00:47:49,533
VFR saying you need Biden
and I said probably tomorrow

664
00:47:49,534 --> 00:47:52,202
for an atta-boy and to
get the deets to stick.

665
00:47:52,203 --> 00:47:53,329
So Biden's willing.
- Okay.

666
00:47:53,330 --> 00:47:55,289
- So you had this remarkable phone call

667
00:47:55,290 --> 00:47:57,207
where you have these two senior officials

668
00:47:57,208 --> 00:48:00,753
of the US government
apparently talking about coup

669
00:48:00,754 --> 00:48:01,588
or how they were planning

670
00:48:01,589 --> 00:48:03,672
to restructure the government of Ukraine.

671
00:48:03,673 --> 00:48:06,258
- Fuck the EU.
- No, exactly.

672
00:48:06,259 --> 00:48:09,595
- I'm not saying the whole
US government feels that way.

673
00:48:09,596 --> 00:48:11,055
There is division on this,

674
00:48:11,056 --> 00:48:14,350
but the neoconservative
element wants very much

675
00:48:14,351 --> 00:48:18,521
to change the strategic
dynamic in the eastern Europe.

676
00:48:20,065 --> 00:48:21,690
The neocons are very smart people

677
00:48:21,691 --> 00:48:23,859
and they've been at this for a long time.

678
00:48:23,860 --> 00:48:25,986
They came in around the
issue of propaganda.

679
00:48:25,987 --> 00:48:28,280
They studied how to create hot buttons

680
00:48:28,281 --> 00:48:29,406
for the American people.

681
00:48:29,407 --> 00:48:30,616
They had this experience

682
00:48:30,617 --> 00:48:32,743
when they were getting the
American people to get excited

683
00:48:32,744 --> 00:48:35,079
about Central America back in the 1980s.

684
00:48:35,080 --> 00:48:37,706
- Sandinista regular
army, their ground force

685
00:48:37,707 --> 00:48:41,543
is being equipped now
with Russian artillery.

686
00:48:41,544 --> 00:48:42,379
- And they've been applying

687
00:48:42,380 --> 00:48:44,588
those same strategies ever since.

688
00:48:44,589 --> 00:48:47,633
They remain very dedicated
to achieving their goals.

689
00:48:47,634 --> 00:48:49,843
They still want to get rid
of certain governments.

690
00:48:49,844 --> 00:48:51,929
They want a regime change
in Syria, for instance.

691
00:48:51,930 --> 00:48:53,889
Regime change in Iran.

692
00:48:53,890 --> 00:48:54,849
They're very skilled at this

693
00:48:54,850 --> 00:48:57,768
and they have a lot of allies
now inside the news media,

694
00:48:57,769 --> 00:48:58,936
inside the government,

695
00:48:58,937 --> 00:49:01,105
and that means that they can do a lot

696
00:49:01,106 --> 00:49:03,732
to control the narrative of any story.

697
00:49:03,733 --> 00:49:05,275
- I think in america these days

698
00:49:05,276 --> 00:49:07,653
we have somehow told ourselves

699
00:49:07,654 --> 00:49:09,905
that there are a lot of ways
of dealing with these problems

700
00:49:09,906 --> 00:49:11,657
other than hard power.

701
00:49:11,658 --> 00:49:14,201
Viadimir Putin cares about hard power.

702
00:49:14,202 --> 00:49:16,912
- The neoconservatives
can now demonize a leader

703
00:49:16,913 --> 00:49:18,455
of a country.

704
00:49:18,456 --> 00:49:20,707
That sells with the american people.

705
00:49:20,708 --> 00:49:25,045
So you don't just argue a
policy, you attack the leader.

706
00:49:25,046 --> 00:49:27,881
So the neoconservatives
became very skilled

707
00:49:27,882 --> 00:49:31,760
at picking out leaders,
finding their ugly traits,

708
00:49:31,761 --> 00:49:33,929
and then highlighting them.

709
00:49:33,930 --> 00:49:35,806
Yanukovich, you might say

710
00:49:35,807 --> 00:49:37,724
was a rather clunky political leader,

711
00:49:37,725 --> 00:49:39,518
but you make him into a devil.

712
00:49:39,519 --> 00:49:41,603
He's totally corrupt and he's evil

713
00:49:41,604 --> 00:49:43,230
and he wants to kill people in the Maidan,

714
00:49:43,231 --> 00:49:45,566
these wonderful
white-hatted demonstrators.

715
00:49:45,567 --> 00:49:47,901
You've got a black hat versus white hat.

716
00:49:47,902 --> 00:49:50,904
And you keep repeating that basic scenario

717
00:49:50,905 --> 00:49:52,948
and it works with American people.

718
00:49:52,949 --> 00:49:56,034
- You got to realize
what Viadimir Putin is.

719
00:49:56,035 --> 00:49:58,203
He's an old KGB colonel that wants

720
00:49:58,204 --> 00:50:00,372
to restore the Russian empire

721
00:50:00,373 --> 00:50:01,707
- You make them into demons

722
00:50:01,708 --> 00:50:03,459
and the American people find that,

723
00:50:03,460 --> 00:50:05,752
the way they can understand the world.

724
00:50:05,753 --> 00:50:08,464
Once that happens, it's very
difficult for journalists

725
00:50:08,465 --> 00:50:09,631
or anyone else to say,

726
00:50:09,632 --> 00:50:11,758
hold it, that guy, he's
got more of a gray hat

727
00:50:11,759 --> 00:50:13,927
than a white hat or a black hat.

728
00:50:13,928 --> 00:50:16,930
And if you say that, you're
suddenly a Yanukovich apologist

729
00:50:16,931 --> 00:50:18,307
or you're a Putin apologist

730
00:50:18,308 --> 00:50:21,560
and then the attacks come
onto the person saying it,

731
00:50:21,561 --> 00:50:24,856
the journalist, the academic or whoever.

732
00:50:26,733 --> 00:50:28,358
- [Narrator] Any good
director will tell you

733
00:50:28,359 --> 00:50:31,820
that tempo and rhythm are
the most essential components

734
00:50:31,821 --> 00:50:34,449
to hold an audience's attention.

735
00:50:48,087 --> 00:50:50,881
- [Narrator] It can also be
called a method of betrayal

736
00:50:50,882 --> 00:50:53,258
when the allies and followers
are relentlessly thrown

737
00:50:53,259 --> 00:50:55,637
into the revolutionary flame.

738
00:50:57,430 --> 00:50:59,306
The idea is simple.

739
00:50:59,307 --> 00:51:01,350
When the preparation work is done,

740
00:51:01,351 --> 00:51:03,101
the trigger just needs to be pulled

741
00:51:03,102 --> 00:51:06,064
to set the machine into full motion.

742
00:51:07,232 --> 00:51:09,691
The murder of politician Rafik Hariri

743
00:51:09,692 --> 00:51:11,736
led the Cedar Revolution.

744
00:51:14,072 --> 00:51:15,948
Looking back at the mysterious poisoning

745
00:51:15,949 --> 00:51:17,199
of Viktor Yushchenko

746
00:51:17,200 --> 00:51:21,245
right before the Orange
Revolution of 2004,

747
00:51:21,246 --> 00:51:25,874
we now see that he became
the sacred victim himself.

748
00:51:25,875 --> 00:51:27,459
Most political analysts believe

749
00:51:27,460 --> 00:51:30,671
that compassion of the
Ukrainian people at that moment

750
00:51:30,672 --> 00:51:34,384
tilted the scales, giving
him the presidency.

751
00:51:38,888 --> 00:51:40,806
The number of victims among protesters

752
00:51:40,807 --> 00:51:44,560
during Euromaidan totalled over 100.

753
00:51:44,561 --> 00:51:47,312
They are called the Heavenly Hundred.

754
00:51:47,313 --> 00:51:51,484
All the sacred victims were
immediately mythologized.

755
00:51:54,153 --> 00:51:57,656
The beating of students
on November 30th, 2013

756
00:51:57,657 --> 00:52:00,951
was the obvious trigger of Euromaidan.

757
00:52:00,952 --> 00:52:03,954
Those who sent trained
provocateurs to the square

758
00:52:03,955 --> 00:52:07,124
very well realized that peaceful
protesters were the ones

759
00:52:07,125 --> 00:52:09,419
who would get hurt the most.

760
00:52:10,795 --> 00:52:13,922
It's hard to keep protests
going for months on end.

761
00:52:13,923 --> 00:52:18,594
Tensions subside and people
inevitably get tired.

762
00:52:18,595 --> 00:52:20,095
Holidays are also a big danger

763
00:52:20,096 --> 00:52:22,598
for revolutionary masterminds.

764
00:52:22,599 --> 00:52:25,309
People want to be home with
their families and friends,

765
00:52:25,310 --> 00:52:27,686
and one needs to get
inventive to keep people

766
00:52:27,687 --> 00:52:29,938
in a cold tent city.

767
00:52:29,939 --> 00:52:33,526
(lively instrumental music)

768
00:52:44,454 --> 00:52:48,040
On Christmas day of
2013, tabloid journalist

769
00:52:48,041 --> 00:52:49,791
and political wannabe, Tetiana Chornovol

770
00:52:49,792 --> 00:52:51,460
was chosen to become the tool

771
00:52:51,461 --> 00:52:54,504
to whip the protests on Maidan back up.

772
00:52:54,505 --> 00:52:55,881
- A civic activist and journalist

773
00:52:55,882 --> 00:52:58,467
known for investigating corruption
amongst senior officials

774
00:52:58,468 --> 00:53:02,639
was beaten outside Ukraine's
capital on Christmas.

775
00:53:03,848 --> 00:53:05,390
- [Narrator] Her heroic
deeds as a reported

776
00:53:05,391 --> 00:53:07,601
looked more like petty crimes.

777
00:53:07,602 --> 00:53:09,436
Trespassing on the presidential residence

778
00:53:09,437 --> 00:53:11,229
of Viktor Yanukovich,

779
00:53:11,230 --> 00:53:12,314
leading a rioting crowd

780
00:53:12,315 --> 00:53:15,525
to seize the Kiev City
administration building,

781
00:53:15,526 --> 00:53:19,237
breaking into a car of the
security service of Ukraine.

782
00:53:19,238 --> 00:53:22,699
It looked like Tetiana was
more interested in making news

783
00:53:22,700 --> 00:53:25,535
than reporting it, and
gaining name recognition

784
00:53:25,536 --> 00:53:26,662
that could be turned into votes

785
00:53:26,663 --> 00:53:28,705
for her struggling political career

786
00:53:28,706 --> 00:53:31,500
in the opposition party Fatherland.

787
00:53:31,501 --> 00:53:35,420
She gave the world media a
Christmas present in 2013

788
00:53:35,421 --> 00:53:36,797
when she was cruelly beaten

789
00:53:36,798 --> 00:53:39,675
by unknown assailants on the road.

790
00:53:39,676 --> 00:53:41,677
Despite the fact that in just three days

791
00:53:41,678 --> 00:53:43,804
all the suspects were
arrested and confessed

792
00:53:43,805 --> 00:53:46,932
to beating Tetiana during
a road rage incident,

793
00:53:46,933 --> 00:53:50,268
world media kept insisting
upon the political background

794
00:53:50,269 --> 00:53:52,062
of that crime.

795
00:53:52,063 --> 00:53:55,232
Instantaneously, Tetiana
became a heroic martyr

796
00:53:55,233 --> 00:53:58,068
uniting people around her image.

797
00:53:58,069 --> 00:54:01,613
- The beating, coming amid
political turmoil in Ukraine,

798
00:54:01,614 --> 00:54:03,240
this has drawn a protest.

799
00:54:03,241 --> 00:54:06,284
- [Narrator] Euromaidan
was once again center stage

800
00:54:06,285 --> 00:54:09,621
and Tetiana in less than two
months after the assault,

801
00:54:09,622 --> 00:54:10,997
she was already healthy enough

802
00:54:10,998 --> 00:54:13,750
to attack the office of Party of Regions,

803
00:54:13,751 --> 00:54:16,295
the party of Viktor Yanukovich.

804
00:54:22,844 --> 00:54:24,302
- [Narrator] One of the staff members,

805
00:54:24,303 --> 00:54:27,597
65-year-old IT specialist,
Viadimir Zaharov

806
00:54:27,598 --> 00:54:29,892
was killed during the attack

807
00:54:30,768 --> 00:54:32,812
So, where is Tetiana now?

808
00:54:33,771 --> 00:54:36,314
Well, she finally got
her position of power

809
00:54:36,315 --> 00:54:38,109
in the new government.

810
00:54:40,653 --> 00:54:44,531
One month later the time for
another act in the play came.

811
00:54:44,532 --> 00:54:47,868
Armenian Ukrainian
protester Sergei Nigoyan

812
00:54:47,869 --> 00:54:50,495
was one of the first to arrive on Maidan.

813
00:54:50,496 --> 00:54:52,080
He wasn't radical or violent

814
00:54:52,081 --> 00:54:55,751
but instead, naive and full of hope.

815
00:54:55,752 --> 00:54:58,462
Watching Sergei read a patriotic poem

816
00:54:58,463 --> 00:54:59,921
is like watching a casting tape

817
00:54:59,922 --> 00:55:02,508
for the role of a sacred victim.

818
00:55:10,683 --> 00:55:14,269
- [Narrator] Unfortunately,
Sergei got the part.

819
00:55:14,270 --> 00:55:16,146
Betrayed by his brothers in arms,

820
00:55:16,147 --> 00:55:18,231
this video would eventually go viral

821
00:55:18,232 --> 00:55:20,817
after Sergei was killed
early in the morning

822
00:55:20,818 --> 00:55:22,612
of January 22nd, 2014.

823
00:55:24,447 --> 00:55:28,784
The circumstances of his death
remain unknown to this day

824
00:55:28,785 --> 00:55:31,119
even though the whole area

825
00:55:31,120 --> 00:55:33,747
of protest was heavily
filmed at that time.

826
00:55:33,748 --> 00:55:37,626
There were no records or witnesses
to help the investigation

827
00:55:37,627 --> 00:55:39,211
and his body was moved immediately

828
00:55:39,212 --> 00:55:41,630
from the scene of the crime.

829
00:55:41,631 --> 00:55:45,550
Sergei became the first
killed martyr of Euromaidan.

830
00:55:45,551 --> 00:55:46,385
And in a heartbeat,

831
00:55:46,386 --> 00:55:49,888
the police officers were
appointed as his killers.

832
00:55:49,889 --> 00:55:51,306
Almost two years later,

833
00:55:51,307 --> 00:55:55,560
the official investigation
would still deliver no results.

834
00:55:55,561 --> 00:55:59,189
Now it is widely believed
Nigoyan's murder was staged

835
00:55:59,190 --> 00:56:02,568
by provocateurs to escalate the conflict.

836
00:56:08,574 --> 00:56:11,743
God speaks to people with
the language of signs.

837
00:56:11,744 --> 00:56:15,873
On January 26, 2014, Pope
Francis prayed for Ukraine,

838
00:56:17,083 --> 00:56:19,501
addressing thousands of
people at St. Peter's Square

839
00:56:19,502 --> 00:56:20,752
in Vatican City.

840
00:56:20,753 --> 00:56:24,465
(speaks in foreign language)

841
00:56:26,676 --> 00:56:28,802
After the prayer, two
white doves were released

842
00:56:28,803 --> 00:56:31,596
from the papal window and
were immediately attacked

843
00:56:31,597 --> 00:56:34,057
by a crow and seagull.

844
00:56:34,058 --> 00:56:35,684
Those who understand the language

845
00:56:35,685 --> 00:56:38,854
could easily read the
meaning of this omen.

846
00:56:38,855 --> 00:56:41,898
Soon, great forces, the
seagull and the crow,

847
00:56:41,899 --> 00:56:46,444
would be tearing apart two
Slavic nations, the white doves.

848
00:56:46,445 --> 00:56:48,905
This omen gave hope to
the Ukrainian people,

849
00:56:48,906 --> 00:56:52,951
saying that by God's will,
the doves would be saved

850
00:56:52,952 --> 00:56:57,163
but it also predicted severe
hardship and many victims.

851
00:56:57,164 --> 00:57:00,710
(tense instrumental music)

852
00:57:01,711 --> 00:57:03,378
The events which could
enter into the history

853
00:57:03,379 --> 00:57:04,754
of the color revolutions

854
00:57:04,755 --> 00:57:07,841
as the most massive human sacrifice yet

855
00:57:07,842 --> 00:57:11,387
arrived right on
schedule, one month later.

856
00:57:14,307 --> 00:57:16,391
- [Reporter] For weeks,
this European capital

857
00:57:16,392 --> 00:57:20,103
has been the scene of a violent uprising.

858
00:57:20,104 --> 00:57:22,230
Today, the bloodiest day yet.

859
00:57:22,231 --> 00:57:23,440
- [Reporter] The protesters are pushing up

860
00:57:23,441 --> 00:57:24,774
towards the government district.

861
00:57:24,775 --> 00:57:26,526
Armed here with Molotov cocktails,

862
00:57:26,527 --> 00:57:29,572
but we saw handguns and shotguns too.

863
00:57:30,656 --> 00:57:32,490
There are casualties on both sides.

864
00:57:32,491 --> 00:57:36,036
(speaks in foreign language)

865
00:57:36,037 --> 00:57:39,205
- She just said that there
are six dead people up there.

866
00:57:39,206 --> 00:57:40,041
Not just injured, dead.

867
00:57:40,042 --> 00:57:43,252
They said they've been hit by snipers.

868
00:58:03,356 --> 00:58:05,857
- [Narrator] And here again
we meet our old acquaintance

869
00:58:05,858 --> 00:58:08,777
from Narodniy Rukh, Andriy Parubiy,

870
00:58:08,778 --> 00:58:10,236
who was at the peak of his glory

871
00:58:10,237 --> 00:58:14,199
as a self-proclaimed commandant of Maidan,

872
00:58:14,200 --> 00:58:18,329
which basically means the leader
of the radical opposition.

873
00:58:41,602 --> 00:58:43,353
- [Reporter] The protesters
were filmed leading a long line

874
00:58:43,354 --> 00:58:44,562
of riot police away.

875
00:58:44,563 --> 00:58:46,940
It's not clear where
they were taking them.

876
00:58:46,941 --> 00:58:50,568
67 officers are currently
reported to be missing.

877
00:58:50,569 --> 00:58:53,447
- 14 policemen dead and 43 wounded?

878
00:59:12,341 --> 00:59:14,509
- [Reporter] Earlier from
inside the protest camp,

879
00:59:14,510 --> 00:59:16,678
the opposition leader Vitali Klitschko

880
00:59:16,679 --> 00:59:19,431
urged his supporters to stay put.

881
00:59:19,432 --> 00:59:23,518
Each of you here should stay
strong in spirit, he said,

882
00:59:23,519 --> 00:59:26,230
because we're not going anywhere.

883
00:59:55,634 --> 00:59:58,511
- [Narrator] Like in 2004,
during the Orange Revolution,

884
00:59:58,512 --> 01:00:02,015
the international leaders
felt it necessary to intervene

885
01:00:02,016 --> 01:00:05,811
and bring both sides to
the negotiating table.

886
01:00:09,523 --> 01:00:12,317
- [Narrator] Laurent Fabius,

887
01:00:12,318 --> 01:00:15,863
Frank-Walter Steinmeier,
Radoslaw Sikorski.

888
01:00:32,296 --> 01:00:34,297
- [Reporter] The Ukrainian
president and the leaders

889
01:00:34,298 --> 01:00:36,966
of the anti-government protests there

890
01:00:36,967 --> 01:00:39,385
have agreed on a truce.

891
01:00:39,386 --> 01:00:40,804
- [Reporter] The truce was to give talks

892
01:00:40,805 --> 01:00:44,849
between President Yanukovich
and the opposition a chance.

893
01:00:44,850 --> 01:00:46,851
- [Narrator] Just like in 2004,

894
01:00:46,852 --> 01:00:49,604
the opposition or at
least its radical faction,

895
01:00:49,605 --> 01:00:52,732
the Right Sector, headed by Dmitri Yarosh

896
01:00:52,733 --> 01:00:56,862
had no intention of fulfilling
his part of the bargain

897
01:01:44,034 --> 01:01:45,535
- The opposition leaders left saying

898
01:01:45,536 --> 01:01:49,038
they may have found a
way to end the bloodshed,

899
01:01:49,039 --> 01:01:50,790
but they wanted to take the conclusions

900
01:01:50,791 --> 01:01:53,502
from their meeting to the people.

901
01:01:54,753 --> 01:01:58,883
It was soon apparent that
the people were not happy.

902
01:03:11,664 --> 01:03:12,872
- [Narrator] At the same time,

903
01:03:12,873 --> 01:03:15,166
Kiev was saying its last goodbyes

904
01:03:15,167 --> 01:03:17,711
to the victims of the massacre.

905
01:03:24,009 --> 01:03:28,346
It was also welcoming those who
came to power at their cost.

906
01:03:28,347 --> 01:03:29,973
- [Reporter] Ukraine's
parliament has voted

907
01:03:29,974 --> 01:03:33,893
for new speaker of the assembly
to become interim president.

908
01:03:33,894 --> 01:03:36,312
Oleksandr Turchynov called on lawmakers

909
01:03:36,313 --> 01:03:39,274
to form an interim government by Tuesday.

910
01:03:39,275 --> 01:03:41,651
These latest developments
follow the dismissal

911
01:03:41,652 --> 01:03:44,570
of President Viktor
Yanukovich on Saturday.

912
01:03:44,571 --> 01:03:46,281
- And they removed Yanukovich

913
01:03:46,282 --> 01:03:50,411
not following the constitutional
procedures for impeachment.

914
01:04:02,339 --> 01:04:03,923
- [Narrator] The parliament
of Ukraine consists

915
01:04:03,924 --> 01:04:05,217
of 450 deputies.

916
01:04:06,093 --> 01:04:07,719
The constitution of Ukraine requires

917
01:04:07,720 --> 01:04:10,638
at least a 3/4 majority to vote.

918
01:04:10,639 --> 01:04:14,559
In other words, 338 votes
in favor of the impeachment,

919
01:04:14,560 --> 01:04:17,187
but only 328 deputies voted yes.

920
01:04:20,441 --> 01:04:22,650
- The US state department
almost immediately said

921
01:04:22,651 --> 01:04:24,319
this was a legitimate government

922
01:04:24,320 --> 01:04:27,071
and that was a part of this
effort to get regime change.

923
01:04:27,072 --> 01:04:28,239
Instead of trying to find some way

924
01:04:28,240 --> 01:04:30,867
to revive the February 21st agreement

925
01:04:30,868 --> 01:04:32,201
or maybe you could bring back Yanukovich

926
01:04:32,202 --> 01:04:33,995
in some titular way,

927
01:04:33,996 --> 01:04:36,664
that became not a possibility anymore.

928
01:04:36,665 --> 01:04:38,708
Then you had eastern Ukraine resisting,

929
01:04:38,709 --> 01:04:41,169
you had Crimea wanting to break away,

930
01:04:41,170 --> 01:04:43,464
and things rapidly escalate.

931
01:04:47,176 --> 01:04:48,593
- [Reporter] Voters will decide Sunday

932
01:04:48,594 --> 01:04:51,846
whether they'll leave
Ukraine and join Russia.

933
01:04:51,847 --> 01:04:53,765
- [Reporter] The campaign with the slogan,

934
01:04:53,766 --> 01:04:56,434
together with Russia, has
the backing of Moscow.

935
01:04:56,435 --> 01:04:58,603
- The Crimea situation, the referendum,

936
01:04:58,604 --> 01:05:02,691
is also happening during
this period very quickly.

937
01:05:20,501 --> 01:05:21,834
- [Narrator] Crimean authorities,

938
01:05:21,835 --> 01:05:23,419
sensing the mood of the populace,

939
01:05:23,420 --> 01:05:26,255
fully supported Viktor
Yanukovich's decision

940
01:05:26,256 --> 01:05:30,760
to postpone the 2013 European
Union association deal,

941
01:05:30,761 --> 01:05:33,305
and side deeper ties to Russia.

942
01:05:34,223 --> 01:05:36,641
As the events in Kiev took their course,

943
01:05:36,642 --> 01:05:39,268
Crimean authorities issued a declaration,

944
01:05:39,269 --> 01:05:42,688
putting into words the
fears of its people:

945
01:05:42,689 --> 01:05:45,316
"based on the will of the
Crimeans who elected us,

946
01:05:45,317 --> 01:05:47,610
"we declare that we will not give Crimea

947
01:05:47,611 --> 01:05:49,779
"to extremists and neo-Nazis

948
01:05:49,780 --> 01:05:51,906
"seeking to seize power in Ukraine

949
01:05:51,907 --> 01:05:55,952
"at the cost of the blood of
the country and its citizens.”

950
01:05:55,953 --> 01:05:57,954
After the regime change in Kiev,

951
01:05:57,955 --> 01:06:00,081
rumors began spreading in Crimea

952
01:06:00,082 --> 01:06:01,916
that the new authorities
would be merciless

953
01:06:01,917 --> 01:06:04,044
to those that oppose them.

954
01:06:06,839 --> 01:06:09,090
- [Narrator] This led to the
pro-Russian demonstrations

955
01:06:09,091 --> 01:06:12,468
rejecting the new government in Kiev.

956
01:06:12,469 --> 01:06:14,762
On February 27th, the government buildings

957
01:06:14,763 --> 01:06:16,848
in the capital of Crimea were seized

958
01:06:16,849 --> 01:06:18,976
by pro-Russian protesters.

959
01:06:19,977 --> 01:06:22,437
The current Crimean
government was dismissed

960
01:06:22,438 --> 01:06:25,231
and the new leader, Sergey Aksionov,

961
01:06:25,232 --> 01:06:26,524
was assigned as the leader

962
01:06:26,525 --> 01:06:29,403
of the Crimean autonomous republic.

963
01:06:39,079 --> 01:06:42,206
- [Narrator] On March 16th,
the Crimean referendum was held

964
01:06:42,207 --> 01:06:44,709
and the people voted to leave Ukraine

965
01:06:44,710 --> 01:06:48,171
and enter the Russian federation.

966
01:06:48,172 --> 01:06:50,965
- [Narrator] The situation
in Crimea is being presented

967
01:06:50,966 --> 01:06:52,550
as a Russian invasion,

968
01:06:52,551 --> 01:06:54,093
and again, nobody who
looks at this seriously

969
01:06:54,094 --> 01:06:55,928
and look at the poll numbers.

970
01:06:55,929 --> 01:06:57,054
Some of the poll numbers done

971
01:06:57,055 --> 01:06:59,140
by the US government agencies themselves

972
01:06:59,141 --> 01:07:02,643
showing that people of Crimea
prefer being part of Russia.

973
01:07:02,644 --> 01:07:04,979
In the US news media, it
has all been presented

974
01:07:04,980 --> 01:07:07,190
as the Russians invaded,

975
01:07:07,191 --> 01:07:09,317
they then staged a sham election.

976
01:07:09,318 --> 01:07:10,985
With people with guns at their backs,

977
01:07:10,986 --> 01:07:15,239
somehow they faked the ballot
boxes to get 96% approval

978
01:07:15,240 --> 01:07:17,575
for rejoining Russia.

979
01:07:17,576 --> 01:07:19,619
- The idea of referendum in Crimea

980
01:07:19,620 --> 01:07:23,331
is just quite simply unconstitutional.

981
01:07:23,332 --> 01:07:24,249
- But it does raise questions

982
01:07:24,250 --> 01:07:27,293
on whether this vote
really is free and fair,

983
01:07:27,294 --> 01:07:29,754
especially given the
heavy military presence

984
01:07:29,755 --> 01:07:31,214
in Crimea right now, Errol.

985
01:07:31,215 --> 01:07:33,716
- So that's how it's been
sold to the American people.

986
01:07:33,717 --> 01:07:36,010
The reality is very different.

987
01:07:36,011 --> 01:07:38,387
- The atmosphere here
is certainly electric.

988
01:07:38,388 --> 01:07:39,722
Thousands of people have gathered

989
01:07:39,723 --> 01:07:42,183
in the capital Crimean city of Simferopol.

990
01:07:42,184 --> 01:07:45,311
All of this following a
referendum held last Sunday

991
01:07:45,312 --> 01:07:48,439
in which the majority of people
here overwhelmingly voted

992
01:07:48,440 --> 01:07:51,526
in support of being reunited with Russia.

993
01:07:51,527 --> 01:07:53,570
- [Crowd] Russia, Russia.

994
01:08:39,616 --> 01:08:42,368
- What is described in the
west as a Russian invasion

995
01:08:42,369 --> 01:08:45,079
of Crimea is in fact the presence

996
01:08:45,080 --> 01:08:47,623
of Russian soldiers in Crimea.

997
01:08:47,624 --> 01:08:49,376
Can you clarify that?

998
01:08:57,843 --> 01:09:01,596
- [Narrator] As long as
1804, Sevastopol's naval base

999
01:09:01,597 --> 01:09:04,515
became the main military
port of the Russian empire

1000
01:09:04,516 --> 01:09:05,892
on the Black Sea.

1001
01:09:08,061 --> 01:09:09,604
During the Second World War,

1002
01:09:09,605 --> 01:09:12,982
the heroic defense of
Sevastopol lasted almost a year

1003
01:09:12,983 --> 01:09:16,278
and took hundreds of thousands of lives.

1004
01:09:18,989 --> 01:09:21,824
Therefore, the naval base
in Crimea has a legacy

1005
01:09:21,825 --> 01:09:25,453
of historical pride for the
Russian Black Sea fleet,

1006
01:09:25,454 --> 01:09:29,249
as well as being of huge
strategic importance.

1007
01:09:30,334 --> 01:09:34,129
(dramatic instrumental music)

1008
01:09:36,965 --> 01:09:38,549
- Those of us alive back then remember

1009
01:09:38,550 --> 01:09:40,801
when there were Soviet
missiles put into Cuba,

1010
01:09:40,802 --> 01:09:43,262
how frightened Americans
were and how angry

1011
01:09:43,263 --> 01:09:46,307
and how we almost went to
a nuclear confrontation

1012
01:09:46,308 --> 01:09:50,186
over having weapons of that
kind of destruction placed

1013
01:09:50,187 --> 01:09:52,814
that close to the United States.

1014
01:09:54,524 --> 01:09:56,609
- [Narrator] If the United
States considers Cuba

1015
01:09:56,610 --> 01:09:58,403
to be in its backyard,

1016
01:10:00,822 --> 01:10:03,909
then Crimea lays at Russia's doorstep.

1017
01:10:04,910 --> 01:10:07,745
- The consequences of a
US seizure of that base,

1018
01:10:07,746 --> 01:10:08,955
or a NATO base?

1019
01:11:01,633 --> 01:11:05,595
- If we're attacked, we
would certainly respond.

1020
01:11:28,368 --> 01:11:31,454
- I am concerned about
the expansion of NATO.

1021
01:11:31,455 --> 01:11:33,497
NATO has expanded into 13 countries

1022
01:11:33,498 --> 01:11:36,960
up to the borders of Russia, 13 countries.

1023
01:11:45,635 --> 01:11:49,181
(tense instrumental music)

1024
01:11:52,934 --> 01:11:55,561
- [Narrator] In early spring of 2014,

1025
01:11:55,562 --> 01:11:58,606
eastern Ukraine was also
buzzing with protests

1026
01:11:58,607 --> 01:12:00,858
against the new authorities in Kiev.

1027
01:12:00,859 --> 01:12:03,194
This region, with a
population close to Russia

1028
01:12:03,195 --> 01:12:05,029
geographically and culturally,

1029
01:12:05,030 --> 01:12:07,198
feared that the newly
formed ultra-right leanings

1030
01:12:07,199 --> 01:12:08,616
of the newly formed government

1031
01:12:08,617 --> 01:12:12,162
would bring neo-nationalism
to their lands,

1032
01:12:13,205 --> 01:12:16,207
and they had their reasons.

1033
01:12:16,208 --> 01:12:18,375
The status of the Russian
language in Ukraine

1034
01:12:18,376 --> 01:12:21,170
has been a stumbling block for many years.

1035
01:12:21,171 --> 01:12:22,338
- [Reporter] Implementing Russian

1036
01:12:22,339 --> 01:12:23,798
as the second state language

1037
01:12:23,799 --> 01:12:26,383
was one of the main campaign promises

1038
01:12:26,384 --> 01:12:29,303
of President Viktor Yanukovich.

1039
01:12:29,304 --> 01:12:32,640
- [Narrator] In 2012, the
Yanukovich government passed a law

1040
01:12:32,641 --> 01:12:34,725
making it the second official language

1041
01:12:34,726 --> 01:12:37,311
in the southern and
eastern parts of Ukraine,

1042
01:12:37,312 --> 01:12:39,688
the areas where the
Russian-speaking population

1043
01:12:39,689 --> 01:12:41,649
makes up a majority.

1044
01:12:41,650 --> 01:12:43,108
Ukrainian nationalist groups

1045
01:12:43,109 --> 01:12:46,737
initiated massive
protests opposing the law.

1046
01:12:46,738 --> 01:12:50,867
An observing viewer might see
some familiar faces there.

1047
01:12:56,373 --> 01:12:59,250
- [Narrator] On February 23rd, 2014,

1048
01:12:59,251 --> 01:13:02,002
the very next day after the regime change,

1049
01:13:02,003 --> 01:13:03,754
the new government voted for an annulment

1050
01:13:03,755 --> 01:13:06,882
of the official status
of the Russian language,

1051
01:13:06,883 --> 01:13:09,093
and even though later
this decision was vetoed

1052
01:13:09,094 --> 01:13:12,304
by the acting president
Oleksandr Turchynov,

1053
01:13:12,305 --> 01:13:16,475
it still sent a message,
and a powerful one.

1054
01:13:16,476 --> 01:13:19,645
This alarmed the Russian-speaking
cities of eastern Ukraine

1055
01:13:19,646 --> 01:13:23,733
and people took to the streets
to show their disagreement.

1056
01:13:24,651 --> 01:13:26,569
In response, the pro-Maidan groups

1057
01:13:26,570 --> 01:13:29,196
conducted their own demonstrations.

1058
01:13:29,197 --> 01:13:32,157
When the two parties would
meet, it was always tense

1059
01:13:32,158 --> 01:13:34,953
and eventually it lead to tragedy.

1060
01:13:37,539 --> 01:13:39,999
One person died and over
50 people were wounded

1061
01:13:40,000 --> 01:13:42,626
in clashes during a pro-Russian march

1062
01:13:42,627 --> 01:13:45,839
protesting the new government in Kiev.

1063
01:13:47,549 --> 01:13:50,843
On April 6th, the Crimean
scenario began repeating

1064
01:13:50,844 --> 01:13:52,303
in eastern Ukraine,

1065
01:13:52,304 --> 01:13:56,056
where protesters seized
government buildings.

1066
01:13:56,057 --> 01:13:58,100
And the next day, April 7th,

1067
01:13:58,101 --> 01:14:01,562
they proclaimed Donetsk,
people's republic.

1068
01:14:01,563 --> 01:14:03,564
Kiev replied by announcing the beginning

1069
01:14:03,565 --> 01:14:07,652
of an anti-terrorist
operation in eastern Ukraine.

1070
01:14:11,197 --> 01:14:13,908
By that time, the international
media was screaming

1071
01:14:13,909 --> 01:14:16,619
about a Russian invasion in Ukraine.

1072
01:14:16,620 --> 01:14:19,747
- Russia could now be on the
verge of invading Ukraine.

1073
01:14:19,748 --> 01:14:22,249
- [Narrator] But strong words
stayed only in the media.

1074
01:14:22,250 --> 01:14:23,292
The Ukrainian authorities

1075
01:14:23,293 --> 01:14:25,669
never announced a war-like situation.

1076
01:14:25,670 --> 01:14:26,879
Why?

1077
01:14:26,880 --> 01:14:29,089
"IMF cannot give money
to countries engaged

1078
01:14:29,090 --> 01:14:31,885
in ongoing war," Petro Poroshenko.

1079
01:14:37,057 --> 01:14:39,350
- [Narrator] Too much money
was already invested in Ukraine

1080
01:14:39,351 --> 01:14:41,352
to stop half way.

1081
01:14:41,353 --> 01:14:43,354
- [Victoria] We've
invested over $5 billion

1082
01:14:43,355 --> 01:14:45,856
to assist Ukraine in these and other goals

1083
01:14:45,857 --> 01:14:48,400
that will ensure a secure and prosperous

1084
01:14:48,401 --> 01:14:50,278
and democratic Ukraine.

1085
01:15:01,414 --> 01:15:04,041
- [Narrator] Obviously, the
funds had to keep coming

1086
01:15:04,042 --> 01:15:06,920
and the conflict had to keep going,

1087
01:15:09,714 --> 01:15:13,009
getting more and more bloody and deadly.

1088
01:15:16,429 --> 01:15:18,055
- [Narrator] As parties from both sides

1089
01:15:18,056 --> 01:15:22,102
were using more sophisticated
and lethal weapons.

1090
01:15:49,295 --> 01:15:50,713
- [Narrator] The world seemed too busy

1091
01:15:50,714 --> 01:15:54,258
welcoming this new democracy in Kiev

1092
01:15:54,259 --> 01:15:55,634
to notice what was being done

1093
01:15:55,635 --> 01:15:59,680
as it spread its wings over the country.

1094
01:15:59,681 --> 01:16:00,931
Many in southern Ukraine

1095
01:16:00,932 --> 01:16:04,561
had been viewing the
revolution with concern

1096
01:16:09,691 --> 01:16:11,775
- [Narrator] And an
anti-Maidan movement formed

1097
01:16:11,776 --> 01:16:15,821
in the city of Odessa
in early January 2014.

1098
01:16:15,822 --> 01:16:17,489
The protesters set up their camp in front

1099
01:16:17,490 --> 01:16:19,324
of the Trade Union house,

1100
01:16:19,325 --> 01:16:21,702
a building which would
soon become a monument

1101
01:16:21,703 --> 01:16:23,954
to a massacre of its own.

1102
01:16:23,955 --> 01:16:27,166
It's difficult to overestimate
the importance of Odessa.

1103
01:16:27,167 --> 01:16:29,710
It is strategically
located on the Black Sea

1104
01:16:29,711 --> 01:16:32,296
and it's Ukraine's largest seaport.

1105
01:16:32,297 --> 01:16:34,673
It's not surprising that
Ukraine's new authorities

1106
01:16:34,674 --> 01:16:37,342
were watching the
situation unfolding there

1107
01:16:37,343 --> 01:16:39,720
with growing alarm.

1108
01:16:39,721 --> 01:16:41,472
More and more of Odessa's people

1109
01:16:41,473 --> 01:16:43,265
were joining the anti-Maidan movement

1110
01:16:43,266 --> 01:16:44,641
at the same time as events

1111
01:16:44,642 --> 01:16:48,103
in eastern Ukraine were heating up.

1112
01:16:48,104 --> 01:16:50,105
The new Ukrainian government
didn't have the power

1113
01:16:50,106 --> 01:16:52,733
to wage war on too many fronts.

1114
01:16:52,734 --> 01:16:55,194
If Odessa were to join
the growing uprising

1115
01:16:55,195 --> 01:16:56,361
in the eastern regions,

1116
01:16:56,362 --> 01:16:59,865
it would seriously
complicate the situation.

1117
01:16:59,866 --> 01:17:02,576
This rebellion had to be
extinguished immediately

1118
01:17:02,577 --> 01:17:05,872
and at any cost, and that cost was high.

1119
01:17:07,373 --> 01:17:10,709
On May 2nd, 2014, soccer fans flocked

1120
01:17:10,710 --> 01:17:12,711
to the center of Odessa city

1121
01:17:12,712 --> 01:17:14,922
for the Ukrainian championship match.

1122
01:17:14,923 --> 01:17:17,299
Surprisingly, a great number of these fans

1123
01:17:17,300 --> 01:17:19,718
who descended into Odessa
just the night before

1124
01:17:19,719 --> 01:17:21,428
also turned out to be fighters

1125
01:17:21,429 --> 01:17:24,139
from the Maidan self-defense units,

1126
01:17:24,140 --> 01:17:26,266
along with members of
radical organizations

1127
01:17:26,267 --> 01:17:28,394
from all parts of Ukraine.

1128
01:17:33,983 --> 01:17:36,443
- [Narrator] These fans, masked, armed,

1129
01:17:36,444 --> 01:17:38,487
and shouting nationalistic mottos

1130
01:17:38,488 --> 01:17:40,906
began disturbances in
the center of the city

1131
01:17:40,907 --> 01:17:44,034
as they marched to the
anti-Maidan tent encampments

1132
01:17:44,035 --> 01:17:45,869
where they attacked.

1133
01:17:45,870 --> 01:17:47,996
The anti-Maidan protesters sought shelter

1134
01:17:47,997 --> 01:17:51,708
in the Trade Union
house, but it was a trap.

1135
01:17:51,709 --> 01:17:54,253
Maidan supporters started
throwing Molotov cocktails

1136
01:17:54,254 --> 01:17:58,383
into the building until
it was engulfed in flames.

1137
01:17:59,384 --> 01:18:03,345
People burnt to death
inside or trying to escape,

1138
01:18:03,346 --> 01:18:05,597
jumped from the windows.

1139
01:18:05,598 --> 01:18:08,183
Although the fire station
was less than a mile away,

1140
01:18:08,184 --> 01:18:12,187
it took almost half an hour
for firefighters to arrive.

1141
01:18:12,188 --> 01:18:16,151
When they finally did,
the damage had been done.

1142
01:18:20,321 --> 01:18:22,322
But here is an intriguing fact.

1143
01:18:22,323 --> 01:18:24,867
Just a few days before
those dreadful events,

1144
01:18:24,868 --> 01:18:28,245
a messenger from Maidan, Andriy Parubiy,

1145
01:18:28,246 --> 01:18:30,122
made a visit to Odessa.

1146
01:18:30,123 --> 01:18:31,498
It's an interesting coincidence

1147
01:18:31,499 --> 01:18:33,584
that some of people he met with in Odessa

1148
01:18:33,585 --> 01:18:36,880
were seen at the scene that fateful day.

1149
01:18:43,845 --> 01:18:46,388
But not everyone was mourning.

1150
01:18:46,389 --> 01:18:49,683
On the popular political
talkshow Shuster Live,

1151
01:18:49,684 --> 01:18:52,186
the news about the people
burnt alive in Odessa

1152
01:18:52,187 --> 01:18:55,690
was welcomed with a
long round of applause.

1153
01:19:05,283 --> 01:19:06,825
- [Narrator] On its Facebook page,

1154
01:19:06,826 --> 01:19:09,536
the Right Sector announced
the events of May 2nd

1155
01:19:09,537 --> 01:19:12,456
a proud moment of national history.

1156
01:19:12,457 --> 01:19:14,708
An official investigation
into this sad event

1157
01:19:14,709 --> 01:19:17,419
has been going on now for nearly two years

1158
01:19:17,420 --> 01:19:19,630
and it's yet to reach a conclusion.

1159
01:19:19,631 --> 01:19:22,925
But it seems the experts had
all the information they needed

1160
01:19:22,926 --> 01:19:24,886
from the very beginning.

1161
01:19:36,397 --> 01:19:37,273
- [Narrator] It looks like Odessa

1162
01:19:37,274 --> 01:19:40,859
really is a very important
piece of real estate,

1163
01:19:40,860 --> 01:19:43,570
as it was honored with a
very special new governor,

1164
01:19:43,571 --> 01:19:46,032
appointed on May 30th of 2015.

1165
01:19:47,784 --> 01:19:52,120
Mikheil Saakhashvili, an old
friend of the United States,

1166
01:19:52,121 --> 01:19:53,205
and born and raised

1167
01:19:53,206 --> 01:19:56,208
in Ukraine's neighboring country Georgia.

1168
01:19:56,209 --> 01:19:57,960
- A little hoedown there in Georgia.

1169
01:19:57,961 --> 01:19:59,503
- [Narrator] A quick look at his biography

1170
01:19:59,504 --> 01:20:01,755
gives one an understanding
that he's been groomed

1171
01:20:01,756 --> 01:20:03,549
for a special mission.

1172
01:20:07,178 --> 01:20:08,303
- [Narrator] Mr. Saakashvili

1173
01:20:08,304 --> 01:20:11,265
received a US state department scholarship

1174
01:20:11,266 --> 01:20:13,100
and he worked for a New York law firm

1175
01:20:13,101 --> 01:20:16,061
which represented the organization Kmara,

1176
01:20:16,062 --> 01:20:17,604
a group that appeared earlier

1177
01:20:17,605 --> 01:20:20,482
when we learned about
the color revolutions.

1178
01:20:20,483 --> 01:20:23,944
- We are dealing with
democratic bloodless revolution.

1179
01:20:23,945 --> 01:20:26,697
- [Narrator] This is
the Revolution of Roses

1180
01:20:26,698 --> 01:20:30,242
and this is Mikheil
Saakashvili with Kmara,

1181
01:20:30,243 --> 01:20:33,120
busy overthrowing the
legitimately elected president,

1182
01:20:33,121 --> 01:20:34,664
Edward Shevarnadze.

1183
01:20:35,665 --> 01:20:37,833
- Remove the government by peaceful means.

1184
01:20:37,834 --> 01:20:40,002
That's classic, really European.

1185
01:20:40,003 --> 01:20:40,837
I'm proud of it.

1186
01:20:40,838 --> 01:20:43,630
- [Narrator] Soon after the
Rose Revolution blossomed fully,

1187
01:20:43,631 --> 01:20:46,675
Georgia announced its
intentions to join NATO

1188
01:20:46,676 --> 01:20:48,761
and plant fresh NATO military bases

1189
01:20:49,178 --> 01:20:52,723
in the fertile soil
right on Russia's border.

1190
01:20:52,724 --> 01:20:55,309
- Never ever will we give
our freedom and independence.

1191
01:20:55,310 --> 01:20:57,894
Never ever will we give
any piece of our territory.

1192
01:20:57,895 --> 01:21:00,105
- [Narrator] Saakashvili's
mission was accomplished

1193
01:21:00,106 --> 01:21:02,733
at least with his friends in NATO.

1194
01:21:02,734 --> 01:21:05,902
The Georgian populace wasn't
quite as happy, though.

1195
01:21:05,903 --> 01:21:10,282
In 2007, they took to the
streets to voice discontent

1196
01:21:10,283 --> 01:21:13,661
and Mr. Saakashvili responded with force.

1197
01:21:14,954 --> 01:21:17,665
The people's discontent was grew.

1198
01:21:19,000 --> 01:21:22,002
Saakashvili's party lost
parliamentary elections

1199
01:21:22,003 --> 01:21:24,046
and the opposition took control.

1200
01:21:24,047 --> 01:21:24,964
- [Reporter] He said this means

1201
01:21:24,965 --> 01:21:26,465
that the parliamentary majority

1202
01:21:26,466 --> 01:21:29,676
should set up a new government
and me as a president,

1203
01:21:29,677 --> 01:21:31,928
according to our constitution.

1204
01:21:31,929 --> 01:21:33,680
- [Narrator] Mikheil decided not to wait

1205
01:21:33,681 --> 01:21:36,058
for the results of the
president's election

1206
01:21:36,059 --> 01:21:39,436
and fled the country in October 2013.

1207
01:21:39,437 --> 01:21:43,648
In 2014, Saakashvili refused
summons to appear in court

1208
01:21:43,649 --> 01:21:46,651
as a witness in several criminal cases.

1209
01:21:46,652 --> 01:21:47,944
Later that same year,

1210
01:21:47,945 --> 01:21:52,075
he was accused of misuse
of power and embezzlement.

1211
01:21:52,992 --> 01:21:55,160
Saakashvili wound up in the US

1212
01:21:55,161 --> 01:21:56,953
and soon his friends in Washington

1213
01:21:56,954 --> 01:21:59,790
found him a new assignment.

1214
01:21:59,791 --> 01:22:02,542
Mikheil actively supported Maidan

1215
01:22:02,543 --> 01:22:05,003
and very soon was rewarded
with a high position

1216
01:22:05,004 --> 01:22:07,631
in the new Ukrainian government,

1217
01:22:07,632 --> 01:22:10,050
first as a the president's counselor,

1218
01:22:10,051 --> 01:22:13,136
and then as the governor of Odessa.

1219
01:22:13,137 --> 01:22:15,138
The day before taking this position,

1220
01:22:15,139 --> 01:22:17,849
he renounced his citizenship to Georgia,

1221
01:22:17,850 --> 01:22:21,979
the country of his birth, and
became a Ukrainian citizen.

1222
01:22:31,364 --> 01:22:34,616
- [Narrator] As they say,
the battle is worth the blood

1223
01:22:34,617 --> 01:22:37,245
both literally and figuratively.

1224
01:22:51,926 --> 01:22:55,137
- [Narrator] Geoffrey Pyatt,
the US Ambassador to Ukraine

1225
01:22:55,138 --> 01:22:57,097
paid a visit to Saakashvili just a month

1226
01:22:57,098 --> 01:22:59,182
after he took office in Odessa.

1227
01:22:59,183 --> 01:23:01,601
- And as long as the Odessa administration

1228
01:23:01,602 --> 01:23:04,313
is delivering results on Ukraine,

1229
01:23:05,314 --> 01:23:06,731
you're going to see a steady flow

1230
01:23:06,732 --> 01:23:10,652
of embassy and Washington
visitors coming here.

1231
01:23:10,653 --> 01:23:12,279
- [Narrator] The meeting was fruitful

1232
01:23:12,280 --> 01:23:14,157
and Geoffrey, generous.

1233
01:23:17,743 --> 01:23:20,412
No matter how well Saakashvili's job goes,

1234
01:23:20,413 --> 01:23:22,038
it looks like he shouldn't be worried

1235
01:23:22,039 --> 01:23:23,874
about his own finances.

1236
01:23:23,875 --> 01:23:27,085
On his Facebook page, he
posted an official document

1237
01:23:27,086 --> 01:23:29,129
showing that the new governor of Odessa

1238
01:23:29,130 --> 01:23:33,259
gets a pretty penny from
Washington, almost $200,000 a year.

1239
01:23:34,260 --> 01:23:38,472
For comparison, the governor
of Maine gets $70,000 a year.

1240
01:23:38,473 --> 01:23:40,891
So if Odessa became a new US state,

1241
01:23:40,892 --> 01:23:43,018
it would be at the top of the list.

1242
01:23:43,019 --> 01:23:45,187
Mr. Saakashvili should feel right at home

1243
01:23:45,188 --> 01:23:47,355
in his newly adopted country.

1244
01:23:47,356 --> 01:23:48,232
He is best of friends

1245
01:23:48,233 --> 01:23:52,527
with fellow color revolutionary
leader, Viktor Yushchenko,

1246
01:23:52,528 --> 01:23:55,156
who is the godfather of his son.

1247
01:24:35,571 --> 01:24:37,364
- [Narrator] A war, once launched,

1248
01:24:37,365 --> 01:24:39,908
doesn't choose its victims.

1249
01:24:39,909 --> 01:24:42,661
- We are just learning at this
hour that Malaysian Airlines

1250
01:24:42,662 --> 01:24:45,247
has now confirmed that it has lost contact

1251
01:24:45,248 --> 01:24:47,374
with one of its planes.

1252
01:24:47,375 --> 01:24:49,918
- The plane was indeed
shot down by a missile

1253
01:24:49,919 --> 01:24:53,004
while flying at a high
altitude over eastern Ukraine

1254
01:24:53,005 --> 01:24:54,673
near the Russian border.

1255
01:24:54,674 --> 01:24:58,761
298, revised number of souls
on board, all feared dead.

1256
01:24:59,720 --> 01:25:02,055
- It was a murder, it was a crime.

1257
01:25:02,056 --> 01:25:05,016
There's been this odd nonchalance

1258
01:25:05,017 --> 01:25:08,019
about pursuing the answers.

1259
01:25:08,020 --> 01:25:10,397
There was a report, a very limited report

1260
01:25:10,398 --> 01:25:12,857
put out a few months after the event.

1261
01:25:12,858 --> 01:25:14,568
But since then, they said
the next report will be

1262
01:25:14,569 --> 01:25:18,446
on the first anniversary of the event.

1263
01:25:18,447 --> 01:25:19,781
But you deal with a criminal investigation

1264
01:25:19,782 --> 01:25:21,116
before it becomes a cold case,

1265
01:25:21,117 --> 01:25:22,492
so there's been this curious element

1266
01:25:22,493 --> 01:25:26,622
of why is there not greater
pressure from both the media

1267
01:25:27,832 --> 01:25:31,961
and the Western governments
to answer these questions.

1268
01:25:33,045 --> 01:25:35,046
- [Narrator] But even without any answers,

1269
01:25:35,047 --> 01:25:37,716
the fingers were pointed immediately.

1270
01:25:37,717 --> 01:25:38,758
- That's not an accident.

1271
01:25:38,759 --> 01:25:40,927
That is happening because
of Russian support.

1272
01:25:40,928 --> 01:25:44,014
Evidence indicates that
the plane was shot down

1273
01:25:44,015 --> 01:25:45,724
by a surface-to-air missile

1274
01:25:45,725 --> 01:25:47,767
that was launched from the
area that is controlled

1275
01:25:47,768 --> 01:25:51,731
by Russian-backed separatists
inside of Ukraine.

1276
01:25:59,572 --> 01:26:01,448
- [Narrator] The Malaysian
Boeing wasn't the first plane

1277
01:26:01,449 --> 01:26:02,991
to play a significant part

1278
01:26:02,992 --> 01:26:05,327
in American-Russian relationships.

1279
01:26:05,328 --> 01:26:09,873
On September 1st 1983,
Korean Airlines flight 007

1280
01:26:09,874 --> 01:26:13,168
from New York to Seoul via
Anchorage was shot down

1281
01:26:13,169 --> 01:26:16,463
by a Soviet interceptor
aircraft over territory

1282
01:26:16,464 --> 01:26:19,883
of the USSR in the Sea of Japan.

1283
01:26:19,884 --> 01:26:22,302
- There was absolutely no justification,

1284
01:26:22,303 --> 01:26:25,847
either legal or moral,
for what the Soviets did.

1285
01:26:25,848 --> 01:26:27,724
- [Narrator] The tragedy
of the Korean Boeing

1286
01:26:27,725 --> 01:26:29,517
was considered a perfect occasion

1287
01:26:29,518 --> 01:26:32,520
to demonstrate the NATO military power

1288
01:26:32,521 --> 01:26:35,482
within dangerous proximity to the Soviets.

1289
01:26:35,483 --> 01:26:39,653
On November 2nd, 1983,
NATO launched Able Archer,

1290
01:26:39,654 --> 01:26:41,863
a 10-day command post exercise

1291
01:26:41,864 --> 01:26:44,282
simulating a conflict escalation

1292
01:26:44,283 --> 01:26:46,493
culminating in a nuclear attack.

1293
01:26:46,494 --> 01:26:47,328
It was followed

1294
01:26:47,329 --> 01:26:51,790
by placing Pershing II
nuclear missiles in Europe.

1295
01:26:51,791 --> 01:26:53,792
What Reagan didn't take into consideration

1296
01:26:53,793 --> 01:26:57,546
was the paranoid
overreaction of the Soviets.

1297
01:26:59,715 --> 01:27:03,301
A recently declassified US
intelligence report shows that

1298
01:27:03,302 --> 01:27:06,054
for the first time since
the Cuban missile crisis

1299
01:27:06,055 --> 01:27:09,350
the world was that close to nuclear war.

1300
01:27:12,978 --> 01:27:16,106
Just like in 1983, the
Malaysian Boeing crash

1301
01:27:16,107 --> 01:27:18,734
was leveraged against the enemy.

1302
01:27:19,735 --> 01:27:21,611
A new wave of sanctions hit Russia

1303
01:27:21,612 --> 01:27:24,447
immediately after the tragedy.

1304
01:27:24,448 --> 01:27:26,408
- The United States is
imposing new sanctions

1305
01:27:26,409 --> 01:27:28,910
in key sectors of the Russian economy.

1306
01:27:28,911 --> 01:27:31,246
- [Narrator] Almost a year
and three months later,

1307
01:27:31,247 --> 01:27:34,207
the Dutch Safety Board published a report.

1308
01:27:34,208 --> 01:27:37,877
- Ladies and gentlemen,
Flight MH17 crash was caused

1309
01:27:37,878 --> 01:27:42,007
because of a 9M314M warhead
detonated outside the airplane

1310
01:27:44,593 --> 01:27:47,095
off the left side of the cockpit.

1311
01:27:47,096 --> 01:27:48,346
- [Narrator] The report didn't blame

1312
01:27:48,347 --> 01:27:50,890
any specific group or person

1313
01:27:50,891 --> 01:27:54,644
and estimated a very wide
area of 320 kilometers

1314
01:27:54,645 --> 01:27:57,605
as the zone from which
the missile was fired.

1315
01:27:57,606 --> 01:27:58,815
At the same time,

1316
01:27:58,816 --> 01:28:01,901
the Russian producer of
Buk missiles, Almaz-Antey,

1317
01:28:01,902 --> 01:28:05,531
conducted its own
independent investigation.

1318
01:28:12,913 --> 01:28:14,372
- [Narrator] During the experiment,

1319
01:28:14,373 --> 01:28:17,250
they blew up retired
airliner with a Buk missile

1320
01:28:17,251 --> 01:28:19,085
and came to the conclusion

1321
01:28:19,086 --> 01:28:20,962
that the Malaysian plane was brought down

1322
01:28:20,963 --> 01:28:24,799
by the older type of missiles,
not used by Russia anymore

1323
01:28:24,800 --> 01:28:26,926
but still in the possession of Ukraine.

1324
01:28:26,927 --> 01:28:28,720
The company claims that
the missile was launched

1325
01:28:28,721 --> 01:28:32,850
from the territory controlled
by the Ukrainian military.

1326
01:28:35,060 --> 01:28:37,520
One would expect that
these controversial results

1327
01:28:37,521 --> 01:28:40,982
would again stir up public
interest in the investigation,

1328
01:28:40,983 --> 01:28:44,027
but the tragedy of Malaysian flight MH17

1329
01:28:44,028 --> 01:28:47,489
had already played its role
in the big geopolitical game.

1330
01:28:47,490 --> 01:28:50,074
Therefore, it was soon forgotten.

1331
01:28:50,075 --> 01:28:51,493
The goal was achieved.

1332
01:28:51,494 --> 01:28:53,828
After the third wave of
sanctions hit Russia,

1333
01:28:53,829 --> 01:28:56,998
the tensions between the
two countries skyrocketed,

1334
01:28:56,999 --> 01:28:58,917
so the question presents itself:

1335
01:28:58,918 --> 01:29:02,545
are we truly witnessing the
beginning of Cold War 2.0?

1336
01:29:02,546 --> 01:29:06,675
And if so, what are our chances
to survive it this time?

1337
01:29:20,689 --> 01:29:23,191
(dramatic instrumental music)

1338
01:29:23,192 --> 01:29:26,694
In 1947, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists

1339
01:29:26,695 --> 01:29:29,156
introduced the Doomsday Clock.

1340
01:29:31,325 --> 01:29:35,454
It represents a countdown to
global nuclear annihilation.

1341
01:29:37,748 --> 01:29:41,543
In 1953, during the
height of the Cold War,

1342
01:29:41,544 --> 01:29:43,628
it came its closest to midnight

1343
01:29:43,629 --> 01:29:47,048
as the superpowers were creating
massive nuclear arsenals.

1344
01:29:47,049 --> 01:29:47,842
- [Reporter] This is the story

1345
01:29:47,843 --> 01:29:50,844
of America's ever-expanding
atomic weapons program.

1346
01:29:50,845 --> 01:29:53,680
- [Narrator] As the world began
to grasp the insane danger

1347
01:29:53,681 --> 01:29:56,057
of nuclear warfare and took measures

1348
01:29:56,058 --> 01:29:58,142
to control the arms race,

1349
01:29:58,143 --> 01:30:00,771
the situation steadily improved.

1350
01:30:02,898 --> 01:30:05,900
In 1991, the Doomsday Clock was its

1351
01:30:05,901 --> 01:30:09,029
at furthest from midnight, 17 minutes.

1352
01:30:10,990 --> 01:30:13,658
That time of hope was short-lived, though,

1353
01:30:13,659 --> 01:30:17,538
as the world has become
more and more unstable.

1354
01:30:18,831 --> 01:30:22,458
But in 2015, the Bulletin
of Atomic Scientists

1355
01:30:22,459 --> 01:30:25,837
moved the clock to just
three minutes to midnight.

1356
01:30:25,838 --> 01:30:28,840
- Today, unchecked climate
change and a nuclear arms race

1357
01:30:28,841 --> 01:30:31,634
resulting from modernization
of huge arsenals

1358
01:30:31,635 --> 01:30:34,220
pose extraordinary and undeniable threats

1359
01:30:34,221 --> 01:30:37,433
to the continued existence of humanity.

1360
01:30:38,559 --> 01:30:39,934
- [Narrator] The United States and Russia

1361
01:30:39,935 --> 01:30:41,561
have embarked on massive programs

1362
01:30:41,562 --> 01:30:44,898
to modernize their nuclear arsenals,

1363
01:30:44,899 --> 01:30:48,067
undermining the existing
nuclear weapons treaties.

1364
01:30:48,068 --> 01:30:51,822
(dramatic instrumental music)

1365
01:30:56,869 --> 01:30:59,746
The clock ticks now at just
three minutes to midnight

1366
01:30:59,747 --> 01:31:02,081
because international leaders are failing

1367
01:31:02,082 --> 01:31:04,584
to perform their most important duty:

1368
01:31:04,585 --> 01:31:07,045
ensuring and preserving
the health and vitality

1369
01:31:07,046 --> 01:31:08,797
of human civilization.

1370
01:31:34,240 --> 01:31:39,870
<b><font color="#FF8C00">Encoded By: Doc_Ramen</font></b>
<font color="#FFFF00">[Hakata Ramen] Encodes</font>
<i><font color="#E898F3">https://discord.gg/4teAREmqdQ</font></i>

1371
01:31:39,870 --> 01:31:43,998
(lively Christmas music)

1372
01:31:43,999 --> 01:31:47,795
(singing in foreign language)

1373
01:32:47,104 --> 01:32:50,733
(gentle instrumental music)