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male narrator:
PREVIOUSLY ON THE WORLD WARS...

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- INCOMING!

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narrator: WHEN THE
FIRST WORLD WAR BREAKS OUT,

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A NEW GENERATION COMES OF AGE
ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

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HITLER,

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MUSSOLINI,

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CHURCHILL,

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PATTON,

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AND MACARTHUR

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ALL SEE ACTION
ON THE FRONT LINE.

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- MOVE! MOVE! MOVE!

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narrator: BUT AFTER THE ALLIES
AND THE CENTRAL POWERS

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AGREE TO AN UNEASY CEASEFIRE

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AND STOP FIGHTING EACH OTHER,

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THEY BEGIN TO FIGHT
THEIR OWN COUNTRYMEN.

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- THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST PARTY
IS TAKING OVER THE GOVERNMENT!

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[gunshots]

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narrator: AND SOON THE MEN
FROM THE FRONT LINES

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ARE IN CHARGE,

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SOME WITH AGENDAS OF EVIL

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THAT WILL KEEP
THE EPIC BATTLE RAGING.

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[pounding electronic music]

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♪

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[explosion]

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♪

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- ♪ AND YOU'LL BE A BIT BOLDER

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♪ WHEN THE NEW DAY YOU MAKE

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♪ HE'S A JAPANESE SANDMAN

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♪ TRADE HIM SILVER FOR GOLD

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♪ JUST AN OLD SECONDHAND MAN

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♪ TRADING NEW DAYS FOR OLD

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[car horns honking]

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narrator: AFTER A DECADE
OF POST-WORLD WAR I PROSPERITY,

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THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
SUFFERS

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THE MOST CATASTROPHIC CRASH
IT WILL EVER SEE,

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LOSING OVER $14 BILLION
IN JUST ONE DAY.

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THE CRASH LAUNCHES
A HEARTBREAKING ERA FOR AMERICA,

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THE GREAT DEPRESSION.

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- THE STOCK MARKET CRASH OF 1929
CAME AS A RUDE AWAKENING.

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EMPLOYMENT FELL,
PRODUCTION FELL,

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UNEMPLOYMENT NUMBERS ROSE,
HOMELESS NUMBERS ROSE--

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ALL OF THE NEGATIVE INDICATORS
ABOUT AN ECONOMY

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JUST GOT WORSE AND WORSE,

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AND PEOPLE KEPT LOOKING
FOR THE BOTTOM,

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BUT THE BOTTOM NEVER CAME,

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AND THEY BEGAN TO WONDER,

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IS THIS ECONOMY
EVER GONNA RIGHT ITSELF?

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narrator: THE FALLOUT
FROM THE GREAT DEPRESSION

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QUICKLY SPREADS
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD,

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TOPPLING THE ECONOMIES
OF EUROPE

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INCLUDING GREAT BRITAIN,
FRANCE, AND ITALY,

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BUT ONE OF THE COUNTRIES
TAKING THE BIGGEST HIT

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IS GERMANY.

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THE EUROPEAN NATION
IS STILL STRUGGLING

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TO PAY OVER $80 BILLION
IN REPARATIONS FROM THE WAR,

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THE MODERN EQUIVALENT
OF NEARLY $1/2 TRILLION,

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AND THE DEPRESSION
JUST MAKES THINGS WORSE.

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BUT ONE MAN WANTS
TO USE THE NATIONAL CRISIS

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TO HIS ADVANTAGE.

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- JOIN US!

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narrator: YEARS EARLIER,

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ADOLF HITLER ATTEMPTED
A VIOLENT OVERTHROW

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OF THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT

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AND FAILED.

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[gunfire]

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- GO!

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narrator: AFTER HIS RELEASE
FROM PRISON,

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HE SPENT YEARS TRYING TO GET
HIS MOVEMENT OFF THE GROUND,

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BUT HIS PARTY
WAS IN DISARRAY

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AND HIS MESSAGE WAS IGNORED.

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BUT NOW THE DEPRESSION
HAS PROVIDED HITLER

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WITH THE PERFECT OPPORTUNITY
TO BUILD THE NAZI PARTY.

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- THE STOCK MARKET CRASH

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HAD IMMEDIATE RAMIFICATIONS
IN GERMANY.

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UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASED
SO DRAMATICALLY

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THAT IT OPENED THE DOOR

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FOR RADICAL MOVEMENTS
TO GAIN SUPPORT.

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IT WAS THE GREAT DEPRESSION

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THAT MADE HITLER POSSIBLE.

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narrator: HITLER BELIEVES
HE CAN RALLY

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THE DESPERATE PEOPLE
AROUND HIS VISION

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OF A NEW, POWERFUL GERMANY,

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SETTING IN MOTION A PLAN
HE FIRST DESCRIBED

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IN THE MANIFESTO
HE WROTE IN PRISON.

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- WHAT WE MUST FIGHT FOR
IS TO SAFEGUARD THE EXISTENCE

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AND THE REPRODUCTION
OF OUR RACE AND OUR PEOPLE.

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- MEIN KAMPF
IS ENORMOUSLY SIGNIFICANT.

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IT PROVIDED A KIND OF OUTLINE

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FOR ALL THE THINGS THAT HITLER
WANTED TO DO EVENTUALLY.

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- HITLER CLEARLY
BELIEVED PASSIONATELY

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FROM THE START OF HIS CAREER
RIGHT TO THE END

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THAT THE JEWS
WERE THE WORLD ENEMY

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WHO INTENDED TO DESTROY GERMANY.

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IT WAS A PARANOID FANTASY
OF HIS.

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HE BELIEVED HE WAS CHOSEN
BY DESTINY TO RESCUE GERMANY.

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- WE MUST REVERSE
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

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THAT OUR PEOPLE BE SET FREE,

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THAT THESE CHAINS
BE BURST ASUNDER.

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[applause]

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narrator: HITLER RECRUITS
NEW MEMBERS TO HIS PARTY

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AND TOURS THE COUNTRY

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GIVING IMPASSIONED SPEECHES

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AND DISTRIBUTING POSTERS,
FLIERS, AND OTHER PROPAGANDA.

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- WHAT THE NAZIS
DID WAS TO PROJECT AN IMAGE

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OF ENERGY, VIGOR, YOUTH,
AND DETERMINATION

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IN THE SERVICE OF GERMANY.

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THEY'RE CONSTANTLY MARCHING

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THROUGH THE STREETS
WITH BANNERS.

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THERE IS CONSTANT SPEECHES,
MEETINGS, HUGE ACTIVITY,

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AND THIS PROJECTS THIS IMAGE

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OF THAT
THEY'RE GONNA DO SOMETHING.

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ALL THE OTHER PARTIES ARE JUST
WASTING THEIR TIME TALKING.

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WE'RE ACTUALLY GONNA
DO SOMETHING.

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- IF THE NATION DOES ITS DUTY,

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THEN THE DAY WILL COME
WHICH RESTORES TO US

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ONE REICH
IN HONOR AND FREEDOM!

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- HITLER'S SPEECHES
HAD SOME KIND OF UNIQUE POWER.

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HE SERVED AS A LIGHTING ROD

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FOR ALL THE DISCONTENT
IN GERMANY.

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HE MANAGED TO FOCUS IT
AND CHANNEL IT AND BECOME IT.

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narrator:
WITHIN A FEW YEARS

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THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST PARTY
IS TRANSFORMED

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FROM A FRINGE ORGANIZATION

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INTO A GROWING
POLITICAL MOVEMENT.

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[crowd shouting]

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NOW WITH WIDESPREAD SUPPORT,

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HITLER'S DREAM
IS FINALLY WITHIN HIS GRASP.

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- IT WAS A LONG AND TWISTED PATH
FOR HITLER

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FROM THE CORPORAL
OF WORLD WAR I

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TO THE MAN ASPIRING
TO THE LEADERSHIP

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OF ALL OF GERMANY.

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HE GOES FROM BEING A SPY
TO BEING AN INSPIRING ORATOR

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TO, ONLY IN THE LATE 1920s,
BEGINNING TO ASPIRE

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TO THE ROLE OF LEADER
IN HIS OWN RIGHT,

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FUEHRER
OF THE GERMAN RACE-NATION.

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narrator:
4,000 MILES AWAY,

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THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
ARE DESPERATE

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FOR HOPE AND NEW LEADERSHIP.

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AND IN A PIVOTAL ELECTION YEAR,

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THEY LOOK TO A CANDIDATE

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WHO PROMISES TO PULL THEM
FROM THE EDGE OF COLLAPSE,

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FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT.

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15 YEARS EARLIER,

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ROOSEVELT SERVED AS
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

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UNDER PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON.

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AFTER THE WAR,

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HIS POLITICAL CAREER
LOOKED PROMISING...

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UNTIL A DEVASTATING DIAGNOSIS
BROUGHT EVERYTHING TO A HALT--

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POLIO.

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AT AGE 39,

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ROOSEVELT WAS LEFT
PERMANENTLY PARALYZED

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FROM THE WAIST DOWN.

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- POLIO KIND OF WIPES F.D.R. OFF
FROM THE MAP

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FOR MUCH OF THE 1920s.

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THEY'RE LOST YEARS.

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HE'S WORKING JUST TO BE ABLE
TO WALK, YOU KNOW, A FEW YARDS,

157
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AND NOBODY REALLY THOUGHT
HE WOULD RESURRECT

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HIS POLITICAL FORTUNES AGAIN.

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narrator:
BUT HE REFUSES TO GIVE IN,

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AND AFTER YEARS OF PERSISTENCE
AND REHABILITATION,

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ROOSEVELT SLOWLY WORKS HIS WAY
BACK UP THE POLITICAL LADDER.

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AND DURING ONE
OF THE DARKEST TIMES

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IN AMERICAN HISTORY,

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ROOSEVELT RUNS FOR PRESIDENT

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AND WINS.

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- THOSE WHO KNEW HIM SAID
THAT HAVING POLIO

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AND TRYING TO CLIMB HIS WAY OUT
OF THAT DID CHANGE HIM,

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GAVE HIM A CAPACITY
TO UNDERSTAND

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OTHER PEOPLE'S EXPERIENCES--

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PEOPLE WHO WERE SUFFERING
IN A WAY THAT HE NEVER HAD.

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narrator:
ROOSEVELT HAS PULLED HIMSELF UP

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FROM THE DEPTHS OF MISFORTUNE,

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AND NOW IT'S UP TO HIM
TO DO THE SAME FOR AMERICA.

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- SO FIRST OF ALL,

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LET ME ASSERT MY FIRM BELIEF

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THAT THE ONLY THING
WE HAVE TO FEAR

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IS FEAR ITSELF.

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- HERE IS A MAN IN A WHEELCHAIR
THAT'S TELLING US

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WE HAVE NOTHING TO FEAR
BUT FEAR ITSELF.

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THAT HE'S LICKED
A PHYSICAL DISABILITY,

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AND IT HAS A HUGE IMPACT.

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HE WAS TELLING US
WE DON'T GIVE IN.

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WE NEVER THROW IN THE TOWEL.

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WE WILL PREVAIL.
WE ARE AMERICAN.

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- THIS GREAT NATION WILL ENDURE
AS IT HAS ENDURED,

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WILL REVIVE,
AND WILL PROSPER.

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- HE WAS A GREAT,
GREAT MOTIVATOR,

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ARGUABLY RANKS AMONGST
THE VERY TOP OF OUR PRESIDENTS

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THAT WAS ABLE TO SPEAK
DIRECTLY TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.

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- CAN I GET A PHOTO,
MR. PRESIDENT?

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[flashes popping]

192
00:12:07,117 --> 00:12:09,897
narrator: THE SAME YEAR
ROOSEVELT IS FIRST ELECTED...

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[flashes popping]

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00:12:12,035 --> 00:12:13,945
GERMAN LEADERS GIVE ADOLF HITLER

195
00:12:13,994 --> 00:12:18,744
A CEREMONIAL POSITION
IN THE GOVERNMENT,

196
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HOPING TO PACIFY HIS MOVEMENT.

197
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LITTLE DO THEY KNOW

198
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THEY'VE JUST PROVIDED HITLER

199
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WITH A PLATFORM
FOR TAKEOVER.

200
00:12:32,664 --> 00:12:34,144
- THERE IS A FUNDAMENTAL
MISCALCULATION

201
00:12:34,188 --> 00:12:36,058
ON THE PART
OF THE CONSERVATIVE ELITE

202
00:12:36,103 --> 00:12:37,893
WHO WERE RESPONSIBLE
FOR HOISTING HITLER TO POWER.

203
00:12:40,194 --> 00:12:41,944
EVERY ONE THOUGHT
THAT HE AND HIS MOVEMENT

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COULD BE CONTROLLED.

205
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narrator: HITLER QUICKLY BEGINS
MOBILIZING HIS NAZI PARTY.

206
00:12:53,381 --> 00:12:56,951
HE WANTS COMPLETE
AND TOTAL CONTROL OF GERMANY.

207
00:13:13,488 --> 00:13:16,448
[peaceful classical music]

208
00:13:16,491 --> 00:13:17,751
♪

209
00:13:17,797 --> 00:13:20,277
- [opera singing]

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00:13:20,321 --> 00:13:25,151
♪

211
00:13:25,195 --> 00:13:29,715
- HE WHO RISES AGAINST GERMANY

212
00:13:29,765 --> 00:13:31,895
IS A TRAITOR
TO HIS COUNTRY,

213
00:13:31,941 --> 00:13:36,081
AND TRAITORS TO THEIR COUNTRY
ARE SUPPRESSED

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IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAWS OF IRON.

215
00:13:39,731 --> 00:13:44,431
I'D HOPED THAT IT MIGHT
NOT NECESSARY ANY LONGER

216
00:13:44,475 --> 00:13:48,385
TO BE FORCED TO DEFEND
THIS STATE

217
00:13:48,436 --> 00:13:51,396
WITH ARMS IN OUR HANDS...

218
00:13:51,439 --> 00:13:54,179
♪

219
00:13:54,224 --> 00:13:59,324
BUT SINCE FATE
HAS NOW PUT US TO THE TEST,

220
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EVERY PEOPLE IS ITSELF GUILTY

221
00:14:04,887 --> 00:14:06,627
THAT DOES NOT FIND
THE STRENGTH

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00:14:06,671 --> 00:14:10,071
TO DESTROY
SUCH NOXIOUS CREATURES.

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00:14:10,110 --> 00:14:14,030
♪

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00:14:14,070 --> 00:14:18,990
AT THIS HOUR, THERE WAS NO PLACE
FOR ANY CLEMENCY.

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00:14:19,032 --> 00:14:23,382
♪

226
00:14:23,427 --> 00:14:27,647
IF ANYONE REPROACHES ME
AND ASKS WHY I DID NOT RESORT

227
00:14:27,692 --> 00:14:32,052
TO THE NORMAL COURTS
OF JUSTICE,

228
00:14:32,088 --> 00:14:34,348
THEN ALL THAT I CAN SAY TO HIM
IS THIS:

229
00:14:34,395 --> 00:14:37,135
IN THIS HOUR,
I WAS RESPONSIBLE

230
00:14:37,180 --> 00:14:39,180
FOR THE FATE
OF THE GERMAN PEOPLE,

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00:14:39,226 --> 00:14:44,316
AND THEREBY I BECAME
THE SUPREME JUDGE

232
00:14:44,361 --> 00:14:45,451
OF THE GERMAN PEOPLE!

233
00:14:45,493 --> 00:14:48,843
♪

234
00:14:48,888 --> 00:14:52,108
WHEN TRAITORS IN GERMANY

235
00:14:52,152 --> 00:14:56,332
ARRANGE A MEETING
WITH A FOREIGN STATESMEN,

236
00:14:56,373 --> 00:14:58,333
AND WHEN THEY GIVE
STRICT ORDERS

237
00:14:58,375 --> 00:15:01,335
THAT NO WORD OF THIS MEETING
SHALL REACH ME,

238
00:15:01,378 --> 00:15:05,118
THEN I WILL HAVE SUCH MEN
SHOT DEAD!

239
00:15:05,165 --> 00:15:06,725
[gunshots]

240
00:15:09,996 --> 00:15:12,166
THERE IS NO REICH,

241
00:15:12,215 --> 00:15:16,605
THERE IS NO POSITION
THAT CAN PROTECT HIM

242
00:15:16,654 --> 00:15:19,664
FROM HIS RESPONSIBILITY

243
00:15:19,701 --> 00:15:21,701
AND, THEREFORE,
HIS PUNISHMENT.

244
00:15:21,746 --> 00:15:23,786
[gunshots]

245
00:15:23,835 --> 00:15:25,705
I GAVE THE ORDER TO SHOOT

246
00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:28,060
THOSE WHO ARE THE RINGLEADERS
OF THIS TREASON.

247
00:15:28,101 --> 00:15:29,321
[gunshot]

248
00:15:29,363 --> 00:15:31,283
♪

249
00:15:31,321 --> 00:15:35,241
EVERYONE MUST KNOW,
FOR ALL FUTURE TIME,

250
00:15:35,282 --> 00:15:38,942
THAT IF HE RAISES HIS HAND
TO STRIKE THE STATE,

251
00:15:38,981 --> 00:15:41,771
THEN CERTAIN DEATH IS HIS LOT.

252
00:15:41,810 --> 00:15:44,990
[applause]

253
00:15:45,031 --> 00:15:53,431
♪

254
00:15:57,217 --> 00:15:58,647
narrator:
IN WHAT WILL BECOME KNOWN AS

255
00:15:58,696 --> 00:16:00,656
THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES,

256
00:16:00,698 --> 00:16:05,088
HITLER ELIMINATES NEARLY 100
OF HIS POLITICAL ENEMIES.

257
00:16:05,138 --> 00:16:10,798
♪

258
00:16:10,839 --> 00:16:14,839
[cheers and applause]

259
00:16:14,886 --> 00:16:16,756
IN ONE MOVE,

260
00:16:16,801 --> 00:16:18,851
ADOLF HITLER
HAS TAKEN COMPLETE CONTROL

261
00:16:18,890 --> 00:16:20,590
OF THE GOVERNMENT

262
00:16:20,631 --> 00:16:23,201
AND IS NOW THE SUPREME LEADER
OF GERMANY.

263
00:16:29,423 --> 00:16:32,563
narrator: FOLLOWING
THE STOCK MARKET CRASH OF 1929,

264
00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:36,080
THE WORLD IS GRIPPED
IN A GREAT DEPRESSION,

265
00:16:36,125 --> 00:16:37,645
AND THE GENERATION BLOODIED

266
00:16:37,692 --> 00:16:40,872
FROM THE DEADLIEST WAR
THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN

267
00:16:40,912 --> 00:16:42,312
IS NOW COMING TO POWER.

268
00:16:42,349 --> 00:16:43,649
[flashes popping]

269
00:16:48,268 --> 00:16:49,658
IN THE UNITED STATES,

270
00:16:49,704 --> 00:16:51,844
PRESIDENT
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT

271
00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:53,840
HAS A PLAN
TO BRING HIS NATION

272
00:16:53,882 --> 00:16:58,502
OUT OF THE DARKNESS
OF THE DEPRESSION.

273
00:16:58,539 --> 00:17:01,719
ROOSEVELT IS CONVINCED
THAT THE BEST WAY TO BATTLE BACK

274
00:17:01,759 --> 00:17:04,409
IS TO FOCUS ON HOME.

275
00:17:04,458 --> 00:17:08,198
HE ESTABLISHES WHAT HE CALLS
THE NEW DEAL.

276
00:17:08,244 --> 00:17:09,994
- WHEN DO WE BREAK GROUND?

277
00:17:10,029 --> 00:17:11,199
- WITHIN THIS WEEK.

278
00:17:11,247 --> 00:17:12,807
- WITHIN THIS WEEK?
OKAY.

279
00:17:12,857 --> 00:17:14,467
AND FOR EACH ONE OF THESE,

280
00:17:14,511 --> 00:17:17,211
WE'RE TALKING 1,500,
2,000 PEOPLE WORKING?

281
00:17:17,253 --> 00:17:18,823
- YEAH.

282
00:17:18,863 --> 00:17:20,303
- GOOD.
GREAT.

283
00:17:20,343 --> 00:17:21,953
ALL RIGHT, THIS IS GOOD.

284
00:17:25,131 --> 00:17:26,961
narrator:
ROOSEVELT'S NEW DEAL

285
00:17:27,002 --> 00:17:31,492
IS THE LARGEST PUBLIC WORKS
PROGRAM IN AMERICAN HISTORY,

286
00:17:31,528 --> 00:17:34,268
FUNDING OVER 35,000 PROJECTS

287
00:17:34,314 --> 00:17:37,274
FROM THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BRIDGES AND HIGHWAYS

288
00:17:37,317 --> 00:17:38,707
TO THE HOOVER DAM,

289
00:17:38,753 --> 00:17:40,543
THE LARGEST DAM IN THE WORLD.

290
00:17:45,368 --> 00:17:48,018
ROOSEVELT HOPES
THAT THE NEW DEAL

291
00:17:48,067 --> 00:17:51,637
CAN SAVE THE COUNTRY
FROM THE BRINK OF COLLAPSE,

292
00:17:51,679 --> 00:17:54,769
BUT THE PROJECT
COMES WITH A MASSIVE COST,

293
00:17:54,812 --> 00:17:57,382
AND HE KNOWS SOMETHING
IN THE AMERICAN BUDGET

294
00:17:57,424 --> 00:18:00,474
WILL HAVE TO GIVE.

295
00:18:00,514 --> 00:18:02,524
- HOW ARE YOU DOING?
OF COURSE.

296
00:18:02,559 --> 00:18:04,869
YES, WELL, WE HAVE TO
TAKE CARE OF THE PEOPLE STARVING

297
00:18:04,909 --> 00:18:06,479
ON THE GREAT PLAINS.

298
00:18:06,520 --> 00:18:09,220
YES.
WE MUST ADDRESS THAT.

299
00:18:09,262 --> 00:18:12,832
- THE GREATNESS OF A PRESIDENT
IS YOU HAVE TO MAKE A JUDGMENT.

300
00:18:12,874 --> 00:18:14,624
YOU'RE IN CHARGE,
NOBODY ELSE.

301
00:18:14,658 --> 00:18:16,618
- THE AIR FORCE.
I UNDERSTAND.

302
00:18:16,660 --> 00:18:18,620
- YOU BEAR RESPONSIBILITY

303
00:18:18,662 --> 00:18:20,192
FOR WHETHER IT GOES RIGHT
OR WRONG.

304
00:18:20,229 --> 00:18:22,969
IT'S YOUR BABY.

305
00:18:23,014 --> 00:18:26,154
narrator:
TO PAY FOR HIS NEW DEAL,

306
00:18:26,192 --> 00:18:31,242
ROOSEVELT SLASHES
U.S. MILITARY SPENDING

307
00:18:31,284 --> 00:18:33,764
BY 51%

308
00:18:37,159 --> 00:18:39,339
THE DECISION
ENRAGES THE CHIEF OF STAFF

309
00:18:39,379 --> 00:18:42,119
OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY,

310
00:18:42,164 --> 00:18:44,384
GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR.

311
00:18:44,427 --> 00:18:46,077
- IS THERE ANY WAY IT COULD MOVE
A LITTLE BIT FASTER?

312
00:18:46,125 --> 00:18:47,595
- I GUESS IF WE--

313
00:18:47,648 --> 00:18:49,298
- WELL, IT HAS TO GO
AS FAST AS POSSIBLE.

314
00:18:49,345 --> 00:18:51,385
narrator: MACARTHUR
IS A DECORATED VETERAN

315
00:18:51,434 --> 00:18:53,484
FROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR...

316
00:18:53,523 --> 00:18:55,133
- MOVE! MOVE! MOVE!

317
00:18:55,177 --> 00:18:56,957
COME ON! COME ON!
LET'S GO! LET'S GO!

318
00:18:57,005 --> 00:18:58,955
COME ON!

319
00:18:59,007 --> 00:19:00,617
narrator: WHOSE EXPERIENCE
ON THE FRONT LINES

320
00:19:00,661 --> 00:19:03,881
CONFIRMED HIS BELIEF

321
00:19:03,925 --> 00:19:06,185
THAT THE SURVIVAL
OF THE NATION

322
00:19:06,232 --> 00:19:09,102
DEPENDS ON A POWERFUL MILITARY.

323
00:19:09,148 --> 00:19:11,928
- MACARTHUR,
AS CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE ARMY,

324
00:19:11,976 --> 00:19:14,236
BELIEVED THAT THE ARMY
NEEDED TO BE STRONG,

325
00:19:14,283 --> 00:19:17,203
AND MACARTHUR,
NOT FOR THE FIRST TIME,

326
00:19:17,243 --> 00:19:19,073
NOR FOR THE LAST TIME,

327
00:19:19,114 --> 00:19:23,424
TOOK ISSUE WITH THE POSITION
OF HIS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.

328
00:19:31,605 --> 00:19:33,905
- MR. PRESIDENT--

329
00:19:33,955 --> 00:19:36,345
- THE BUDGET DISCUSSIONS
ARE OVER.

330
00:19:36,392 --> 00:19:38,222
- IF YOU LOOK PARTICULARLY
AT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT

331
00:19:38,264 --> 00:19:40,614
AND DOUGLAS MACARTHUR,

332
00:19:40,657 --> 00:19:44,567
THOSE ARE TWO VERY BIG EGOS--

333
00:19:44,618 --> 00:19:47,058
LIKE TECTONIC PLATES MOVING.

334
00:19:47,098 --> 00:19:51,668
ONE IS A HUGELY
SELF-CONFIDENT GENERAL

335
00:19:51,712 --> 00:19:55,502
TRYING TO DO
WHAT HE THINKS IS RIGHT,

336
00:19:55,542 --> 00:19:56,892
AND THEN YOU'VE GOT A PRESIDENT

337
00:19:56,934 --> 00:19:58,894
WHO HAS TURF
THAT HE WANTS TO PROTECT.

338
00:20:02,375 --> 00:20:05,285
- THERE WILL BE A NEXT WAR,
MR. PRESIDENT,

339
00:20:05,334 --> 00:20:08,384
AND WHEN WE LOSE IT

340
00:20:08,424 --> 00:20:10,034
AND OUR AMERICAN BOYS
ARE LYING IN THE MUD

341
00:20:10,078 --> 00:20:13,298
WITH AN ENEMY BAYONET
THROUGH THEIR BELLY,

342
00:20:13,342 --> 00:20:15,172
I WANT THE LAST NAME
THEY CURSE,

343
00:20:15,214 --> 00:20:16,744
THE LAST NAME TO PASS
FROM THEIR DYING LIPS,

344
00:20:16,780 --> 00:20:18,740
TO BE ROOSEVELT.

345
00:20:24,440 --> 00:20:26,440
narrator:
ACROSS THE ATLANTIC,

346
00:20:26,486 --> 00:20:29,526
AMERICA'S CLOSEST ALLY
IS ALSO STRUGGLING

347
00:20:29,576 --> 00:20:32,056
TO PULL ITSELF OUT
OF THE DEPRESSION.

348
00:20:38,367 --> 00:20:41,807
GREAT BRITAIN LAUNCHES
A NEW DEAL OF ITS OWN--

349
00:20:41,849 --> 00:20:44,239
INVESTING IN A NATIONWIDE
PROGRAM

350
00:20:44,286 --> 00:20:47,506
TO BUILD MILLIONS OF HOMES
AND POWER STATIONS,

351
00:20:47,550 --> 00:20:52,030
HOPING TO LAY THE FOUNDATION
FOR A LASTING PEACE.

352
00:20:52,076 --> 00:20:56,256
AND JUST LIKE IN AMERICA,
TO PAY FOR THE PROGRAM,

353
00:20:56,298 --> 00:20:59,818
THE GOVERNMENT IS FORCED
TO GUT MILITARY SPENDING.

354
00:20:59,867 --> 00:21:04,177
ONE MAN HAS A HUGE PROBLEM
WITH THAT--

355
00:21:04,219 --> 00:21:06,999
WINSTON CHURCHILL.

356
00:21:07,048 --> 00:21:09,618
BY 1934,

357
00:21:09,659 --> 00:21:12,309
CHURCHILL IS BACK
IN THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT,

358
00:21:12,358 --> 00:21:14,448
BUT HIS EXPERIENCES
IN THE TRENCHES

359
00:21:14,490 --> 00:21:18,760
OF THE WESTERN FRONT
HAVE CHANGED HIM.

360
00:21:18,799 --> 00:21:21,719
[gunfire]

361
00:21:22,890 --> 00:21:26,420
[men shouting, gunfire]

362
00:21:29,113 --> 00:21:30,773
LIKE MACARTHUR,

363
00:21:30,811 --> 00:21:33,341
CHURCHILL IS CONVINCED
THAT THE WEAKENED MILITARY

364
00:21:33,379 --> 00:21:35,989
WILL LEAVE HIS COUNTRY
VULNERABLE

365
00:21:36,033 --> 00:21:39,083
IN A STILL-DANGEROUS WORLD.

366
00:21:39,123 --> 00:21:42,263
- CHURCHILL WAS SEEN PRETTY MUCH
AS A MAVERICK,

367
00:21:42,301 --> 00:21:44,741
INTELLIGENT, ABLE,
BRILLIANT ON MANY OCCASIONS,

368
00:21:44,781 --> 00:21:46,911
BUT A MAVERICK WHO STOOD APART

369
00:21:46,957 --> 00:21:48,957
FROM THE OPINIONS
OF OTHER PEOPLE,

370
00:21:49,003 --> 00:21:52,093
WHO WAS THOUGHT
TO BE TOO RECKLESS.

371
00:21:52,136 --> 00:21:54,096
narrator:
CHURCHILL'S GREATEST FEAR

372
00:21:54,138 --> 00:21:56,788
IS THAT WITHOUT
A STRONG MILITARY

373
00:21:56,837 --> 00:21:58,747
GREAT BRITAIN
WILL BE DEFENSELESS,

374
00:21:58,795 --> 00:22:01,965
BUT FOR NOW HE STANDS ALONE.

375
00:22:15,812 --> 00:22:18,552
WHILE GREAT BRITAIN
AND THE UNITED STATES

376
00:22:18,598 --> 00:22:19,988
REPAIR THEIR ECONOMIES

377
00:22:20,034 --> 00:22:21,784
BY BUILDING BRIDGES
AND HIGHWAYS,

378
00:22:21,818 --> 00:22:25,518
ADOLF HITLER HAS HIS OWN VERSION
OF THE NEW DEAL;

379
00:22:25,561 --> 00:22:28,391
HE'S GOING TO REBUILD
GERMANY'S MILITARY.

380
00:22:28,434 --> 00:22:31,054
- OUR WORK IS URGENT.

381
00:22:31,088 --> 00:22:34,398
TIME FOR US IS SCARCE.

382
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:36,270
- HITLER'S MAIN AIM
FROM THE VERY BEGINNING

383
00:22:36,311 --> 00:22:38,751
WAS TO BUILD UP
GERMANY'S MILITARY STRENGTH.

384
00:22:38,792 --> 00:22:43,492
SO WHEREAS F.D.R. HAD CIVIL
JOB CREATION PROGRAMS,

385
00:22:43,536 --> 00:22:45,486
HITLER HAD MILITARY
JOB CREATION PROGRAMS,

386
00:22:45,538 --> 00:22:46,708
AND THAT'S THE REAL DIFFERENCE.

387
00:22:46,756 --> 00:22:49,056
- GENTLEMEN,
THIS IS GOOD NEWS,

388
00:22:49,106 --> 00:22:50,846
AND WE ARE GRATEFUL;
YOUR COUNTRY IS GRATEFUL.

389
00:22:50,891 --> 00:22:52,411
narrator:
BECAUSE OF THE RESTRICTIONS

390
00:22:52,458 --> 00:22:54,898
PLACED ON GERMANY
BY THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES,

391
00:22:54,938 --> 00:22:58,378
HITLER IS FORCED TO REARM
IN TOTAL SECRECY.

392
00:22:59,813 --> 00:23:02,693
[engines rumbling]

393
00:23:16,743 --> 00:23:20,753
HITLER PERSONALLY OVERSEES
THE TOP SECRET PROGRAM HIMSELF.

394
00:23:20,790 --> 00:23:22,010
- MEIN FEUHRER,
YOU HONOR US

395
00:23:22,052 --> 00:23:24,232
WITH YOUR PRESENCE HERE TODAY.

396
00:23:24,272 --> 00:23:26,322
- WILL YOU BE ABLE TO WORK
24 HOURS AROUND THE CLOCK?

397
00:23:26,361 --> 00:23:28,841
BECAUSE WE WERE GOING TO NEED
ALL OF THIS IMMEDIATELY.

398
00:23:28,885 --> 00:23:30,095
- JA,MEIN FUEHRER.

399
00:23:35,979 --> 00:23:37,979
- IT IS VERY IMPORTANT
THAT WE MAKE SURE

400
00:23:38,025 --> 00:23:41,675
THAT THIS BECOMES AND REMAINS
A CLANDESTINE ACTIVITY.

401
00:23:41,724 --> 00:23:42,994
ARE WE CLEAR ON THAT?

402
00:23:43,030 --> 00:23:44,990
- JAWOHL,MEIN FUEHRER.
- GOOD.

403
00:23:45,032 --> 00:23:49,472
- HITLER CREATES THIS
MASSIVE PRODUCTION CAPABILITY,

404
00:23:49,515 --> 00:23:52,465
BUILDS FACTORIES THAT ARE
TURNING OUT TANKS AND PLANES,

405
00:23:52,518 --> 00:23:55,608
AND HE DOES IT ALL IN SECRET,

406
00:23:55,651 --> 00:23:59,051
AND HE HAS MANY OF THE FACTORIES
DISGUISED AS ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.

407
00:23:59,089 --> 00:24:01,479
IN TODAY'S WORLD
THAT MAY SEEM IMPOSSIBLE,

408
00:24:01,527 --> 00:24:03,487
BUT BACK IN THE 1930s,

409
00:24:03,529 --> 00:24:05,919
AS LOGISTICALLY CHALLENGING
AS IT WAS,

410
00:24:05,966 --> 00:24:07,096
IT WAS NOT IMPOSSIBLE.

411
00:24:16,367 --> 00:24:18,197
narrator: WITH THE ALLIES
COMPLETELY UNAWARE,

412
00:24:18,239 --> 00:24:21,019
HITLER'S SECRET FACTORIES
BEGIN MASS-PRODUCING

413
00:24:21,068 --> 00:24:23,158
THOUSANDS OF FIGHTER PLANES
AND TANKS

414
00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:27,510
TO BE MANNED BY 1/2 MILLION
BRAND-NEW NAZI RECRUITS.

415
00:24:30,164 --> 00:24:36,394
HITLER KNOWS HE'S LAUNCHED
A DANGEROUS CAMPAIGN,

416
00:24:36,431 --> 00:24:39,261
BUT IF HE CAN KEEP IT
UNDER THE RADAR,

417
00:24:39,303 --> 00:24:41,263
HE'LL BE ABLE TO MAKE GERMANY

418
00:24:41,305 --> 00:24:44,605
THE MOST DOMINANT POWER
IN THE WORLD.

419
00:24:52,186 --> 00:24:54,226
narrator: IN THE WAKE
OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION,

420
00:24:54,275 --> 00:24:56,795
NEW LEADERS AROUND THE WORLD
ARE DESPERATELY LOOKING

421
00:24:56,843 --> 00:25:00,633
FOR WAYS TO PULL THEIR NATIONS
OUT OF THE COLLAPSE.

422
00:25:00,673 --> 00:25:02,543
[flashes popping]

423
00:25:02,588 --> 00:25:06,898
WHILE SOME ARE BUSY BUILDING
BRIDGES AND DAMS,

424
00:25:06,940 --> 00:25:10,120
OTHERS ARE MAKING TANKS
AND PLANES

425
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:13,860
AS THEY SECRETLY REESTABLISH
DOMINANT FIGHTING FORCES,

426
00:25:13,903 --> 00:25:17,823
PREPARING TO DRAG THE WORLD
BACK TO WAR.

427
00:25:17,864 --> 00:25:20,874
THE TENUOUS PEACE
IS ABOUT TO BE BROKEN,

428
00:25:20,910 --> 00:25:25,090
BUT THE FIRST MOVE
WON'T COME FROM GERMANY.

429
00:25:30,790 --> 00:25:33,840
[cheers and applause]

430
00:25:39,320 --> 00:25:41,240
FOR THE PAST DECADE,

431
00:25:41,278 --> 00:25:45,018
BENITO MUSSOLINI HAS RULED ITALY
WITH AN IRON FIST.

432
00:25:50,244 --> 00:25:54,644
- ITALY AND FASCISM

433
00:25:54,683 --> 00:25:56,993
TOGETHER FORM

434
00:25:57,033 --> 00:26:00,563
A PERFECT, ABSOLUTE,

435
00:26:00,602 --> 00:26:05,132
AND UNALTERABLE ENTITY!

436
00:26:05,172 --> 00:26:08,572
[cheers and applause]

437
00:26:08,610 --> 00:26:10,480
narrator:
AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR,

438
00:26:10,525 --> 00:26:13,175
ITALY FAILED
TO GET ANY NEW TERRITORY

439
00:26:13,223 --> 00:26:16,583
DURING NEGOTIATIONS
FOR THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES.

440
00:26:16,618 --> 00:26:20,578
- THERE'S A FEELING
THAT ITALIANS HAVE BEEN CHEATED,

441
00:26:20,622 --> 00:26:23,022
AND FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE
IN ITALY

442
00:26:23,059 --> 00:26:24,969
THEY COME OUT OF THE WAR
WITH A MENTALITY

443
00:26:25,018 --> 00:26:28,198
OF A DEFEATED NATION
DESPITE BEING A VICTORIOUS ONE.

444
00:26:28,238 --> 00:26:30,198
FOR MUSSOLINI AND PEOPLE
WHO THOUGHT LIKE HIM,

445
00:26:30,240 --> 00:26:34,460
ITALIAN DEMOCRACY
HAD FAILED THE NATION.

446
00:26:34,505 --> 00:26:36,675
narrator:
MUSSOLINI BECAME CONVINCED

447
00:26:36,725 --> 00:26:39,685
THAT THE ONLY WAY
TO RETURN ITALY TO GREATNESS

448
00:26:39,728 --> 00:26:44,518
WAS FOR THE COUNTRY TO BE LED
BY A STRONG, ABSOLUTE RULER--

449
00:26:44,559 --> 00:26:46,039
HIMSELF.

450
00:26:48,650 --> 00:26:52,740
AND NOW,
AFTER YEARS OF PREPARATION,

451
00:26:52,785 --> 00:26:56,565
HE'S FINALLY READY
TO EXPAND THE ITALIAN EMPIRE.

452
00:27:05,449 --> 00:27:09,849
HIS FIRST TARGET IS ETHIOPIA,

453
00:27:09,889 --> 00:27:12,239
A KEY ENTRYWAY
INTO THE MIDDLE EAST.

454
00:27:12,282 --> 00:27:17,422
[gunfire]

455
00:27:17,461 --> 00:27:21,161
MUSSOLINI CONQUERS THE COUNTRY
IN A MATTER OF WEEKS,

456
00:27:21,204 --> 00:27:24,644
SUDDENLY SHATTERING
THE TENTATIVE WORLD PEACE

457
00:27:24,686 --> 00:27:27,116
THAT'S HELD SINCE 1918.

458
00:27:35,566 --> 00:27:39,046
BACK IN GERMANY,

459
00:27:39,092 --> 00:27:40,962
ADOLF HITLER HAS BEEN WATCHING

460
00:27:41,007 --> 00:27:44,137
MUSSOLINI'S AGGRESSIVE QUEST
FOR POWER.

461
00:27:46,447 --> 00:27:47,877
- HITLER REGARDED MUSSOLINI

462
00:27:47,927 --> 00:27:51,667
AS THE SUCCESSFUL
SENIOR FASCIST.

463
00:27:51,713 --> 00:27:54,503
HE HAD EFFECTIVELY ESTABLISHED
HIS DICTATORSHIP.

464
00:27:54,542 --> 00:27:56,502
HE'S CONTINUING
TO BUILD IT UP,

465
00:27:56,544 --> 00:27:59,334
SO HITLER LOOKS TO MUSSOLINI
AS A MODEL.

466
00:28:02,593 --> 00:28:05,383
narrator: HITLER KNOWS
IF HE'S EVER GOING TO ACCOMPLISH

467
00:28:05,422 --> 00:28:08,512
HIS OWN DREAMS
OF GERMAN DOMINANCE,

468
00:28:08,556 --> 00:28:12,466
HE'LL NEED TO GET MUSSOLINI
ON HIS SIDE.

469
00:28:39,021 --> 00:28:40,851
- THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN MUSSOLINI AND HITLER

470
00:28:40,893 --> 00:28:43,903
IS QUITE A SURPRISING STORY.

471
00:28:43,939 --> 00:28:46,729
HITLER IS AFTER ALL
A FAILED PAINTER,

472
00:28:46,768 --> 00:28:51,078
AND ITALY TO HIM MEANS FLORENCE
AND LOVELY RENAISSANCE ART.

473
00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,380
- THIS IS QUITE NICE INDEED.

474
00:28:53,427 --> 00:28:55,387
narrator: WHILE HITLER
SEES AN OPPORTUNITY

475
00:28:55,429 --> 00:28:57,469
TO LEARN FROM HIS HERO,

476
00:28:57,518 --> 00:29:01,868
FOR MUSSOLINI THE MEETING COMES
AT A CRUCIAL MOMENT.

477
00:29:01,914 --> 00:29:04,394
- THE CONQUEST OF ETHIOPIA
BY MUSSOLINI

478
00:29:04,438 --> 00:29:06,438
IS REGARDED AS AN OUTRAGE.

479
00:29:06,483 --> 00:29:09,013
MOTIONS ARE PASSED
AGAINST HIM.

480
00:29:09,051 --> 00:29:11,791
HE HAS TO TURN TO SOMEBODY
AS A FRIEND,

481
00:29:11,837 --> 00:29:14,267
AND HITLER'S THE ONLY PERSON.

482
00:29:14,317 --> 00:29:16,797
AT THAT POINT THEN
THE TWO BECOME CLOSER.

483
00:29:16,842 --> 00:29:18,802
- THIS MARVEL OF ENGINEERING

484
00:29:18,844 --> 00:29:22,374
THAT YOU'VE PUT TOGETHER
IS QUITE ASTOUNDING.

485
00:29:22,412 --> 00:29:25,422
narrator: THE TWO LEADERS
HAVE A MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING.

486
00:29:25,459 --> 00:29:27,239
BOTH HAVE SPENT
THE PAST FEW YEARS

487
00:29:27,287 --> 00:29:29,457
ENHANCING THEIR ARMIES,

488
00:29:29,506 --> 00:29:32,596
AND BOTH ARE NOW LOOKING
TO EXPAND THEIR POWER,

489
00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:35,470
SO THEY FORM AN ALLIANCE

490
00:29:35,512 --> 00:29:39,392
THAT WILL BECOME THE FOUNDATION
OF THE AXIS POWERS.

491
00:29:51,137 --> 00:29:53,487
WITH MUSSOLINI ON HIS SIDE,

492
00:29:53,530 --> 00:29:55,450
HITLER FEELS CONFIDENT

493
00:29:55,489 --> 00:29:59,839
HE CAN START HIS OWN CONQUEST
OF EUROPE.

494
00:29:59,885 --> 00:30:03,145
HIS FIRST TARGET IS A TERRITORY
TAKEN FROM GERMANY

495
00:30:03,192 --> 00:30:05,592
AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR--

496
00:30:05,629 --> 00:30:08,199
THE RHINELAND.

497
00:30:08,241 --> 00:30:11,161
- THE RHINELAND WAS THE
INDUSTRIAL HEART OF GERMANY,

498
00:30:11,200 --> 00:30:12,770
AND GERMANY HAD BEEN DEPRIVED

499
00:30:12,811 --> 00:30:15,861
OF ALL THE RHINELAND'S
MANUFACTURING GOODS.

500
00:30:18,686 --> 00:30:22,516
THEY WERE BEING EXPORTED
TO AS PART OF WAR REPARATIONS.

501
00:30:26,172 --> 00:30:28,482
narrator: HITLER KNOWS
A POTENTIAL INVASION

502
00:30:28,522 --> 00:30:31,872
OF THE RHINELAND
IS A HUGE RISK.

503
00:30:31,917 --> 00:30:36,397
IT'S GUARDED BY HEAVILY-ARMED
BRITISH AND FRENCH SOLDIERS

504
00:30:36,443 --> 00:30:39,713
WHO HAVE ORDERS TO ENFORCE
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES.

505
00:30:42,362 --> 00:30:45,712
BUT IT'S A RISK
HE'S WILLING TO TAKE.

506
00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:54,070
HE ORDERS 22,000 MEN
INTO THE RHINELAND,

507
00:30:54,113 --> 00:30:56,163
LOOKING TO RECLAIM
WHAT HE BELIEVES

508
00:30:56,202 --> 00:30:58,332
TO RIGHTFULLY BELONG
TO GERMANY.

509
00:31:13,523 --> 00:31:16,403
[radio static buzzing]

510
00:31:25,187 --> 00:31:27,887
- THEY'VE CROSSED THE BORDER.

511
00:31:31,541 --> 00:31:38,461
- WHEN THE GERMANS ENTERED
THE RHINELAND IN MARCH OF 1936,

512
00:31:38,505 --> 00:31:43,505
THIS WAS HITLER'S FIRST REAL,
OVERT,

513
00:31:43,553 --> 00:31:47,083
IN-YOUR-FACE VIOLATION
OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY.

514
00:31:47,122 --> 00:31:49,952
[indistinct radio chatter]

515
00:31:51,692 --> 00:31:54,782
- STILL NO SIGNS OF RESISTANCE.

516
00:31:58,568 --> 00:32:01,138
- EACH STEP OF THE WAY,

517
00:32:01,180 --> 00:32:02,830
HITLER'S GENERALS
WERE TERRIFIED

518
00:32:02,877 --> 00:32:07,227
THAT SOMEBODY WOULD RETORT

519
00:32:07,273 --> 00:32:10,623
WITH FORCE.

520
00:32:10,667 --> 00:32:13,447
[indistinct radio chatter]

521
00:32:20,939 --> 00:32:21,809
- ALL CLEAR.

522
00:32:28,598 --> 00:32:31,338
narrator:
WITHOUT A SINGLE SHOT FIRED,

523
00:32:31,384 --> 00:32:35,564
HITLER'S MILITARY
CLAIMS ITS FIRST VICTORY

524
00:32:35,605 --> 00:32:40,175
AS GERMANY ONCE AGAIN
TAKES CONTROL OF THE RHINELAND.

525
00:32:40,219 --> 00:32:41,479
- IF THERE HAD BEEN ANY KIND

526
00:32:41,524 --> 00:32:43,924
OF SIGNIFICANT RESISTANCE
PUT UP,

527
00:32:43,962 --> 00:32:45,832
IF THE BRITISH AND THE FRENCH
HAD STOOD UP

528
00:32:45,876 --> 00:32:48,656
TO HIS INVASION
OF THE RHINELAND,

529
00:32:48,705 --> 00:32:49,915
THAT MIGHT HAVE CHANGED THINGS.

530
00:32:54,885 --> 00:32:58,235
- THIS WAS A REALLY
IMPORTANT MOMENT FOR HITLER

531
00:32:58,280 --> 00:33:01,760
BECAUSE HE REALIZES AFTER
HIS INVASION OF THE RHINELAND

532
00:33:01,805 --> 00:33:04,495
THAT THE BRITISH
AND THE FRENCH WILL COMPLAIN.

533
00:33:04,547 --> 00:33:06,287
THEY'LL SEND DIPLOMATIC NOTES,

534
00:33:06,332 --> 00:33:07,772
BUT THEY'LL DO
ABSOLUTELY NOTHING

535
00:33:07,811 --> 00:33:11,161
WHEN CONFRONTED
WITH MILITARY FORCE.

536
00:33:11,206 --> 00:33:14,336
HE SUDDENLY FEELS INVINCIBLE.

537
00:33:21,521 --> 00:33:24,921
narrator: MEANWHILE
ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE WORLD,

538
00:33:24,959 --> 00:33:26,869
ANOTHER EMERGING POWER

539
00:33:26,917 --> 00:33:29,437
IS LOOKING TO EXPAND
ITS INFLUENCE.

540
00:33:41,671 --> 00:33:43,591
JAPANESE LEADERS
HAVE BEEN WATCHING

541
00:33:43,630 --> 00:33:46,890
HITLER AND MUSSOLINI CLOSELY,

542
00:33:46,937 --> 00:33:51,807
AND THEY WANT THAT SAME POWER
FOR THEIR OWN COUNTRY.

543
00:33:51,855 --> 00:33:54,765
- THE JAPANESE, EVER SINCE
THE BEGINNING OF THE CENTURY,

544
00:33:54,815 --> 00:33:56,155
HAD BEEN TRYING TO FIGURE OUT

545
00:33:56,208 --> 00:33:58,558
HOW THEY COULD BECOME
A GREAT POWER,

546
00:33:58,601 --> 00:34:01,871
AND THE JAPANESE STARTED
THINKING IN TERMS OF AN EMPIRE.

547
00:34:01,909 --> 00:34:04,259
narrator:
JAPAN FOUGHT FOR THE ALLIES

548
00:34:04,303 --> 00:34:06,483
IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR

549
00:34:06,522 --> 00:34:11,532
BUT WAS SHUNNED DURING
THE VERSAILLES NEGOTIATIONS.

550
00:34:11,571 --> 00:34:14,141
JUST LIKE ITALY AND GERMANY,

551
00:34:14,182 --> 00:34:17,102
THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT HAS
SPENT THE YEARS SINCE THE WAR

552
00:34:17,142 --> 00:34:19,622
POURING HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS
OF DOLLARS

553
00:34:19,666 --> 00:34:23,366
INTO BUILDING
A POWERFUL MODERN ARMY.

554
00:34:23,409 --> 00:34:26,629
IN 1937,
THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN

555
00:34:26,673 --> 00:34:29,683
APPROVES AN INVASION
OF NORTHEASTERN CHINA.

556
00:34:33,375 --> 00:34:38,725
A DEDICATED SOLDIER
IS CHOSEN TO LEAD THE TROOPS.

557
00:34:38,772 --> 00:34:43,122
HIS NAME IS HIDEKI TOJO.

558
00:34:46,388 --> 00:34:49,998
TOJO IS FIERCELY LOYAL
TO THE EMPEROR...

559
00:34:53,917 --> 00:34:56,087
AND WILLING
TO SACRIFICE ANYTHING

560
00:34:56,137 --> 00:34:59,007
TO BRING GLORY TO JAPAN.

561
00:34:59,053 --> 00:35:02,493
[distant gunfire]

562
00:35:02,535 --> 00:35:07,015
AFTER OVERSEEING A SERIES
OF SUCCESSFUL BATTLES,

563
00:35:07,061 --> 00:35:10,541
TOJO IS NAMED
JAPAN'S MINISTER OF WAR

564
00:35:10,586 --> 00:35:12,586
AND IS NOW RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE STATE

565
00:35:12,632 --> 00:35:16,512
OF THE JAPANESE MILITARY.

566
00:35:16,549 --> 00:35:19,249
BUT TOJO KNOWS THAT JAPAN
WILL NEED ALLIES

567
00:35:19,291 --> 00:35:23,731
IF IT'S GOING TO BECOME
AN INTERNATIONAL POWER,

568
00:35:23,773 --> 00:35:26,213
AND HE URGES
HIS COUNTRY'S LEADERS

569
00:35:26,254 --> 00:35:28,524
TO JOIN FORCES
WITH ITALY AND GERMANY.

570
00:35:33,174 --> 00:35:38,184
- TOJO RECOGNIZED THE NEED
FOR JAPAN TO BUILD ALLIANCES.

571
00:35:38,223 --> 00:35:41,573
TO ACHIEVE ITS GOAL OF BEING
A MAJOR POWER IN THE PACIFIC,

572
00:35:41,617 --> 00:35:43,317
IT WAS GOING TO NEED ALLIES,

573
00:35:43,358 --> 00:35:44,748
AND HITLER AND MUSSOLINI

574
00:35:44,794 --> 00:35:46,324
SEEMED LIKED NATURAL ALLIES
FOR THEM.

575
00:35:48,320 --> 00:35:51,280
narrator: JAPANESE LEADERS
SIGNED A PACT WITH HITLER,

576
00:35:51,323 --> 00:35:54,063
SOLIDIFYING THE AXIS POWERS.

577
00:35:59,896 --> 00:36:03,726
THREE COUNTRIES SHUNNED
IN THE WAKE OF THE FIRST WAR

578
00:36:03,770 --> 00:36:07,080
HAVE NOW FORMED AN ALLIANCE

579
00:36:07,121 --> 00:36:09,171
TO TAKE OVER THE WORLD.

580
00:36:15,782 --> 00:36:17,132
narrator: IN GERMANY,

581
00:36:17,175 --> 00:36:19,385
ADOLF HITLER HAS FORMED
AN ALLIANCE

582
00:36:19,438 --> 00:36:23,218
WITH ITALY AND JAPAN,

583
00:36:23,268 --> 00:36:26,268
AND IN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS,

584
00:36:26,314 --> 00:36:28,404
HE'S BUILT
THE MOST POWERFUL MILITARY

585
00:36:28,447 --> 00:36:31,747
THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN.

586
00:36:31,798 --> 00:36:34,238
THE STAGE IS FINALLY SET
FOR HITLER

587
00:36:34,279 --> 00:36:38,409
TO ACHIEVE HIS ULTIMATE DREAM.

588
00:36:54,516 --> 00:36:57,516
AFTER A SUCCESSFUL INVASION
OF THE RHINELAND

589
00:36:57,563 --> 00:37:01,263
WITH NO OPPOSITION
FROM THE ALLIES,

590
00:37:01,306 --> 00:37:03,826
HITLER PLANS TO CONTINUE
RECLAIMING TERRITORY

591
00:37:03,873 --> 00:37:07,443
HE BELIEVES WAS UNJUSTLY TAKEN
FROM GERMANY

592
00:37:07,486 --> 00:37:09,746
WHEN THE ALLIES
CARVED UP EUROPE.

593
00:37:14,057 --> 00:37:16,407
IN THE SPRING OF 1938,

594
00:37:16,451 --> 00:37:20,631
HITLER ANNEXES HIS HOME COUNTRY
OF AUSTRIA

595
00:37:20,673 --> 00:37:24,423
BEFORE TURNING HIS ATTENTION
TO A REGION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA,

596
00:37:24,459 --> 00:37:28,719
HOME TO MORE
THAN 3 MILLION GERMANS

597
00:37:28,768 --> 00:37:33,558
AND A RICH SUPPLY OF COAL,
IRON, AND POWER PLANTS,

598
00:37:33,599 --> 00:37:35,429
THE SUDETENLAND.

599
00:37:38,168 --> 00:37:40,428
- HITLER SAID,
"GIVE US THE LAND

600
00:37:40,475 --> 00:37:42,125
"WHERE GERMANS LIVE
IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

601
00:37:42,172 --> 00:37:43,482
"THAT'S ALL WE WANT.

602
00:37:43,522 --> 00:37:48,092
WE WANT OUR GERMAN FOLK
IN THE REICH."

603
00:37:48,135 --> 00:37:49,525
HITLER WAS TAKING THESE STEPS,

604
00:37:49,571 --> 00:37:52,751
THESE MILITARY STEPS
AND THREATS AND BLUSTER

605
00:37:52,792 --> 00:37:56,102
AND BUILDING UP HIS FORCES
IN VIOLATION OF EVERY AGREEMENT.

606
00:38:00,103 --> 00:38:03,463
HE WAS TESTING
THE WESTERN POWERS.

607
00:38:05,674 --> 00:38:09,334
narrator:
FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 20 YEARS,

608
00:38:09,374 --> 00:38:13,124
THE THREAT OF A MAJOR CONFLICT
IN EUROPE IS POSSIBLE.

609
00:38:17,425 --> 00:38:19,815
AS THE EUROPEAN LEADERS
BEGIN TO TAKE NOTICE

610
00:38:19,862 --> 00:38:23,302
OF HITLER'S BOLD ACTIONS,

611
00:38:23,344 --> 00:38:25,394
BRITISH PRIME MINISTER
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN

612
00:38:25,433 --> 00:38:27,963
HAS TO MAKE SURE GREAT BRITAIN

613
00:38:28,001 --> 00:38:31,831
DOESN'T GET INVOLVED
IN ANOTHER WAR.

614
00:38:31,874 --> 00:38:34,884
- BRITAIN WAS TIRED OF WAR
AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR,

615
00:38:34,921 --> 00:38:36,711
AND THERE WAS
A VERY STRONG FEELING

616
00:38:36,749 --> 00:38:39,359
THAT NEVER AGAIN COULD EUROPE
FIND ITSELF

617
00:38:39,404 --> 00:38:42,024
IN THE PIT OF DISASTER
AFTER LOSING MILLIONS OF PEOPLE

618
00:38:42,058 --> 00:38:44,018
IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR.

619
00:38:44,060 --> 00:38:45,670
narrator:
CHAMBERLAIN BELIEVES

620
00:38:45,714 --> 00:38:47,594
THAT TO STOP HITLER
IN HIS TRACKS

621
00:38:47,629 --> 00:38:50,369
AND SAVE EUROPE
FROM ANOTHER WAR,

622
00:38:50,415 --> 00:38:53,805
HE'LL HAVE TO EXERCISE
DIPLOMACY.

623
00:38:57,291 --> 00:38:59,551
AS THE WORLD WATCHES,

624
00:38:59,598 --> 00:39:04,648
CHAMBERLAIN TRAVELS TO GERMANY
TO BROKER THE PEACE.

625
00:39:14,221 --> 00:39:18,181
THIS IS THE FIRST AND ONLY TIME

626
00:39:18,225 --> 00:39:20,655
HITLER WILL GRANT A MEETING
WITH AN ALLIED LEADER.

627
00:39:43,206 --> 00:39:44,766
- DID YOU FIGHT
IN THE GREAT WAR,

628
00:39:44,817 --> 00:39:46,947
MR. PRIME MINISTER?

629
00:39:46,993 --> 00:39:49,953
- I DID NOT.

630
00:39:49,996 --> 00:39:53,386
I WAS IN GOVERNMENT.

631
00:39:53,434 --> 00:39:57,574
- IT WAS AN HONOR
TO FIGHT FOR MY COUNTRY.

632
00:39:57,612 --> 00:40:01,622
- IT WAS AN HONOR
TO SERVE MINE.

633
00:40:01,660 --> 00:40:04,450
- I DOUBT EITHER OF US
WANT SUCH HONORS

634
00:40:04,489 --> 00:40:06,879
FOR OUR COUNTRIES AGAIN.

635
00:40:12,105 --> 00:40:14,845
OF THE MANY WRONGS
OF THAT WAR,

636
00:40:14,890 --> 00:40:19,680
THIS ONE WE CAN RIGHT.

637
00:40:21,984 --> 00:40:26,384
LET US HAVE THE TERRITORY BACK.

638
00:40:31,820 --> 00:40:35,300
- I CAN ONLY AGREE

639
00:40:35,345 --> 00:40:39,735
TO THE AREAS
THAT ARE MORE THAN 50% GERMAN,

640
00:40:39,785 --> 00:40:42,265
NOTHING MORE.

641
00:40:57,759 --> 00:41:00,759
narrator: DESPERATE TO AVOID WAR
AT ALL COSTS,

642
00:41:00,806 --> 00:41:06,116
CHAMBERLAIN GRANTS HITLER
THE TERRITORY HE WANTS

643
00:41:06,159 --> 00:41:12,509
IN EXCHANGE FOR HITLER'S WORD
THAT HE'LL GO NO FURTHER.

644
00:41:12,557 --> 00:41:16,207
- THE IDEA OF APPEASEMENT IS,
SOMEBODY HAS AN APPETITE,

645
00:41:16,256 --> 00:41:18,346
AND YOU APPEASE
THAT PERSON'S HUNGER,

646
00:41:18,388 --> 00:41:20,478
AND THEY ARE SOMEHOW SATISFIED.

647
00:41:20,521 --> 00:41:22,521
THE PROBLEM
WITH THE APPEASEMENT POLICY

648
00:41:22,567 --> 00:41:25,607
IS THAT HITLER
COULD NOT BE APPEASED

649
00:41:25,657 --> 00:41:29,177
BECAUSE HE WANTED
WORLD DOMINATION,

650
00:41:29,225 --> 00:41:30,745
AND SO BY DEFINITION,

651
00:41:30,792 --> 00:41:34,362
YOU COULDN'T GIVE HIM EVERYTHING
HE WANTED

652
00:41:34,404 --> 00:41:37,934
BECAUSE THE MORE YOU GAVE HIM,
THE MORE HE WOULD WANT.

653
00:42:01,301 --> 00:42:04,571
- BLOODY HELL.

654
00:42:04,609 --> 00:42:07,259
narrator: SINCE THE BUILD-UP
OF THE GERMAN ARMY,

655
00:42:07,307 --> 00:42:09,307
THE OCCUPATION OF THE RHINELAND,

656
00:42:09,352 --> 00:42:15,102
AND NOW THE TAKEOVER
OF THE SUDETENLAND,

657
00:42:15,141 --> 00:42:18,971
WINSTON CHURCHILL HAS WATCHED
HITLER GAIN MOMENTUM

658
00:42:19,014 --> 00:42:23,584
AND IS CONVINCED THE FUEHRER
HAS NO PLANS TO KEEP THE PEACE.

659
00:42:26,631 --> 00:42:30,031
- CHURCHILL, FROM THE BEGINNING
OF THE NAZI'S RISE TO POWER,

660
00:42:30,069 --> 00:42:33,899
SAW THEM AS A DESTRUCTIVE AND
DANGEROUS FORCE RIGHT ACROSS--

661
00:42:33,942 --> 00:42:37,082
NOT JUST GERMANY,
BUT THE WHOLE OF EUROPE.

662
00:42:37,119 --> 00:42:39,299
- CHURCHILL,
THROUGHOUT IT ALL,

663
00:42:39,339 --> 00:42:42,779
SEEMED TO HAVE
THIS INTUITIVE SENSE

664
00:42:42,821 --> 00:42:47,221
ABOUT WHAT NEEDED TO BE DONE
AND WHO WAS REALLY OUR ENEMY.

665
00:42:47,260 --> 00:42:51,480
HE KNEW HITLER
FOR WHO HITLER REALLY WAS.

666
00:42:51,525 --> 00:42:52,785
narrator:
CHURCHILL URGES

667
00:42:52,831 --> 00:42:54,441
PRIME MINISTER
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN

668
00:42:54,484 --> 00:42:57,664
TO PUT AN END
TO HITLER'S CRUSADE

669
00:42:57,705 --> 00:43:02,615
AND TO HOLD HIM ACCOUNTABLE
FOR VIOLATING THE TREATY,

670
00:43:02,667 --> 00:43:05,367
BUT HIS PLEAS ARE DISREGARDED.

671
00:43:09,369 --> 00:43:12,019
- NOBODY LISTENED
BECAUSE, FOR ONE REASON,

672
00:43:12,067 --> 00:43:13,497
HE WAS WINSTON CHURCHILL,

673
00:43:13,547 --> 00:43:15,417
AND THE LAST TIME
PEOPLE LISTENED,

674
00:43:15,462 --> 00:43:17,682
YOU HAD GALLIPOLI.

675
00:43:17,725 --> 00:43:21,375
PEOPLE ACCUSED CHURCHILL
OF BEING A WARMONGER.

676
00:43:21,424 --> 00:43:23,344
THEY DIDN'T WANT TO HEAR
FROM THE SIDELINES

677
00:43:23,383 --> 00:43:24,913
THAT THERE'S GOING TO BE A WAR.

678
00:43:27,605 --> 00:43:31,825
narrator: WITH NO SUPPORT
FROM THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT,

679
00:43:31,870 --> 00:43:34,920
ALL CHURCHILL CAN DO IS WATCH.

680
00:43:39,225 --> 00:43:41,655
AFTER GAINING THE SUDETENLAND,

681
00:43:41,706 --> 00:43:44,486
HITLER'S SUPPORT
WITHIN GERMANY SURGES.

682
00:43:44,534 --> 00:43:47,104
[cheers and applause]

683
00:43:47,146 --> 00:43:49,186
- HITLER RETURNS TO GERMANY
AS THE VICTOR

684
00:43:49,235 --> 00:43:51,015
BECAUSE HE GOT
EXACTLY WHAT HE WANTED.

685
00:43:51,063 --> 00:43:53,283
HE KNOWS NOW
THAT THE WEST IS WEAK,

686
00:43:53,326 --> 00:43:56,066
THAT THEY WILL NOT STAND UP
TO HIS AGGRESSION.

687
00:43:58,897 --> 00:44:01,157
narrator: WITH THE ALLIES
POSING NO THREAT,

688
00:44:01,203 --> 00:44:05,083
HITLER'S APPETITE FOR TERRITORY
IN EUROPE GROWS.

689
00:44:05,120 --> 00:44:10,690
SIX MONTHS AFTER HE SWORE
HIS CONQUEST WAS OVER,

690
00:44:10,735 --> 00:44:14,825
HITLER MARCHES HIS ARMY
PAST THE SUDETENLAND BORDERS

691
00:44:14,869 --> 00:44:17,699
INTO THE HEART
OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

692
00:44:21,006 --> 00:44:22,266
AND ONCE AGAIN,

693
00:44:22,311 --> 00:44:24,751
WITHOUT RESISTANCE
FROM THE ALLIES,

694
00:44:24,792 --> 00:44:27,582
THE COUNTRY IS AN EASY WIN.

695
00:44:33,018 --> 00:44:35,798
- HITLER REALIZED, YOU KNOW,
THE BRITISH, THEY'RE WEAK.

696
00:44:35,847 --> 00:44:36,977
THEY'RE VERY WEAK.

697
00:44:37,022 --> 00:44:38,762
I MEAN,
WE HAVE THIS CONFERENCE

698
00:44:38,806 --> 00:44:42,636
AND THEY DELIVERED
CZECHOSLOVAKIA TO US.

699
00:44:42,680 --> 00:44:45,680
BRITAIN AND FRANCE
ALWAYS SENT PROTESTS,

700
00:44:45,726 --> 00:44:47,596
NOTES, MEMORANDUMS,
BUT THEY NEVER FOUGHT;

701
00:44:47,641 --> 00:44:49,161
THEY NEVER DID ANYTHING.

702
00:44:49,208 --> 00:44:50,728
THEY WANTED TO STOP HITLER,

703
00:44:50,775 --> 00:44:53,075
AND HITLER HAD
EXACTLY THE OTHER PERCEPTION.

704
00:44:53,125 --> 00:44:55,385
"I CAN DO WHATEVER I WANT.
THEY WILL NEVER FIGHT."

705
00:45:00,567 --> 00:45:02,347
narrator:
FOR WINSTON CHURCHILL,

706
00:45:02,395 --> 00:45:05,395
HITLER'S INVASION
OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

707
00:45:05,441 --> 00:45:07,361
IS THE FINAL STRAW.

708
00:45:07,400 --> 00:45:09,010
- CHURCHILL SIMPLY
COULD NOT BELIEVE

709
00:45:09,054 --> 00:45:10,454
THAT CHAMBERLAIN
WOULD DO NOTHING

710
00:45:10,490 --> 00:45:12,010
TO TRY TO STOP
HITLER'S AGGRESSION

711
00:45:12,057 --> 00:45:13,967
AND HIS MOVE
INTO CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

712
00:45:14,015 --> 00:45:16,885
AFTER EVERYTHING HE HAD SAID,
IT WAS MAKING NO DIFFERENCE,

713
00:45:16,931 --> 00:45:19,721
SO HE DECIDED IT WAS TIME
FOR HIM TO GO PUBLIC.

714
00:45:19,760 --> 00:45:21,630
- THE GERMAN DICTATOR,

715
00:45:21,675 --> 00:45:25,545
INSTEAD OF SNATCHING FOOD
FROM THE TABLES,

716
00:45:25,592 --> 00:45:27,732
HAS BECOME CONTENT

717
00:45:27,768 --> 00:45:30,818
TO HAVE IT SERVED UPON HIM
COURSE BY COURSE.

718
00:45:30,858 --> 00:45:33,168
- HE STARTS GIVING
THESE VERY POWERFUL SPEECHES

719
00:45:33,208 --> 00:45:35,078
ATTACKING, CRITICIZING
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT

720
00:45:35,123 --> 00:45:37,043
FOR ITS POLICY
OF APPEASING HITLER.

721
00:45:37,082 --> 00:45:41,302
- ONE POUND WAS DEMANDED
AT PISTOL POINT,

722
00:45:41,347 --> 00:45:43,867
AND WHEN THAT WAS GIVEN,

723
00:45:43,915 --> 00:45:46,955
TWO POUNDS WAS DEMANDED
AT PISTOL POINT.

724
00:45:47,005 --> 00:45:50,395
- HE COULD BE VERY VOCAL

725
00:45:50,443 --> 00:45:54,843
AND COULD STICK A VERBAL DAGGER
IN SOMEONE'S BACK.

726
00:45:54,882 --> 00:45:57,622
HE WASN'T A GOOD MAN
TO GET ON THE WRONG SIDE OF

727
00:45:57,667 --> 00:46:00,707
BECAUSE OF HIS USE
OF LANGUAGE.

728
00:46:00,758 --> 00:46:06,018
- OUR RULING CLASS TAKES
ITS WEEKENDS IN THE COUNTRY;

729
00:46:06,067 --> 00:46:11,027
HITLER TAKES COUNTRIES
ON THE WEEKENDS.

730
00:46:14,989 --> 00:46:17,909
UPON IT DEPENDS OUR BRITISH LIFE

731
00:46:17,949 --> 00:46:24,479
AND THE LONG CONTINUITY OF
OUR INSTITUTIONS AND OUR EMPIRE.

732
00:46:24,520 --> 00:46:26,910
THE WHOLE FURY AND MIGHT
OF THE ENEMY

733
00:46:26,958 --> 00:46:30,788
MUST VERY SOON BE TURNED ON US.

734
00:46:30,831 --> 00:46:35,181
LET US THEREFORE BRACE OURSELVES
TO OUR DUTIES.

735
00:46:35,227 --> 00:46:37,797
IF WE CAN STAND UP TO HIM,
ALL EUROPE--

736
00:46:49,067 --> 00:46:50,457
- GET ME CHURCHILL.

737
00:46:58,163 --> 00:47:01,733
[crowd shouting]

738
00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:06,650
narrator: BRITISH PRIME MINISTER
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN

739
00:47:06,693 --> 00:47:08,963
IS FEELING THE HEAT.

740
00:47:09,000 --> 00:47:10,920
FOR MONTHS,
HE AND HIS GOVERNMENT

741
00:47:10,958 --> 00:47:16,748
HAVE BEEN RELENTLESSLY ATTACKED
BY WINSTON CHURCHILL

742
00:47:16,790 --> 00:47:19,270
WHO'S FINALLY SUCCEEDED
IN DRAWING ATTENTION

743
00:47:19,314 --> 00:47:24,024
TO ADOLF HITLER'S CONQUEST
OF EUROPE.

744
00:47:24,058 --> 00:47:28,188
THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN
ARE GROWING RESTLESS FOR ACTION,

745
00:47:28,236 --> 00:47:30,196
AND CHAMBERLAIN KNOWS
HE HAS TO DO SOMETHING

746
00:47:30,238 --> 00:47:33,718
TO CALM THEIR FEARS.

747
00:47:33,763 --> 00:47:36,073
- SO CHAMBERLAIN
CAN NO LONGER IGNORE CHURCHILL

748
00:47:36,114 --> 00:47:37,384
BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZING

749
00:47:37,419 --> 00:47:39,729
THAT HIS MESSAGE
IS ACTUALLY RIGHT,

750
00:47:39,769 --> 00:47:42,119
SO CHAMBERLAIN
APPOINTS CHURCHILL

751
00:47:42,163 --> 00:47:43,903
TO THE FIRST LORD
OF THE ADMIRALTY.

752
00:47:43,948 --> 00:47:47,338
THIS WAS THE POSITION HE HELD
BEFORE GALLIPOLI.

753
00:47:47,386 --> 00:47:50,076
IT'S A REMARKABLE TURN OF EVENTS
FOR CHURCHILL.

754
00:47:50,128 --> 00:47:51,258
- HELLO.
- HE'S WAITING FOR YOU.

755
00:47:51,303 --> 00:47:53,003
- THANK YOU.

756
00:47:53,044 --> 00:47:55,004
- A MAN WHO HAD WANDERED
IN THE POLITICAL WILDERNESS

757
00:47:55,046 --> 00:47:57,086
AFTER GALLIPOLI,
AFTER WORLD WAR I,

758
00:47:57,135 --> 00:47:59,915
HAS NOW RETURNED TO HIS
FORMER POSITION IN GOVERNMENT.

759
00:48:01,400 --> 00:48:02,360
- IT'S GOOD TO HAVE YOU BACK.

760
00:48:02,401 --> 00:48:04,361
- IT'S GOOD TO BE BACK.

761
00:48:04,403 --> 00:48:06,803
- WE'RE CERTAINLY VERY PLEASED
TO HAVE YOU ON THE TEAM.

762
00:48:06,840 --> 00:48:08,930
- I'M SURE YOU ARE.

763
00:48:11,976 --> 00:48:15,586
THE LAST TIME I WAS HERE
WAS DURING THE GREAT WAR.

764
00:48:15,631 --> 00:48:17,941
- DOES IT BRING BACK MEMORIES?

765
00:48:17,982 --> 00:48:21,812
- YES,
NONE OF THEM PARTICULARLY FOND.

766
00:48:23,770 --> 00:48:27,170
- DO YOU KNOW WHY
I BROUGHT YOU BACK?

767
00:48:27,208 --> 00:48:29,338
- TO SHUT ME UP, I IMAGINE.

768
00:48:30,908 --> 00:48:32,468
- IT WILL BE GOOD
TO HAVE YOUR VOICE

769
00:48:32,518 --> 00:48:35,218
INSIDE MY GOVERNMENT.

770
00:48:35,260 --> 00:48:36,960
I DON'T WANT ANOTHER WAR.

771
00:48:37,001 --> 00:48:38,391
- [sighs]

772
00:48:38,437 --> 00:48:41,347
I'M AFRAID IT MAY BE TOO LATE.

773
00:48:41,396 --> 00:48:44,566
- CHURCHILL WAS VIRTUALLY
THE ONLY ENGLISHMAN SAYING,

774
00:48:44,617 --> 00:48:47,967
"THIS IS GOING TO END BADLY."

775
00:48:48,012 --> 00:48:51,452
HITLER WAS TESTING
THE WESTERN POWERS,

776
00:48:51,493 --> 00:48:53,803
TESTING THEIR COURAGE.

777
00:48:53,843 --> 00:48:55,893
CHAMBERLAIN
HAD NO POLITICAL CHOICE

778
00:48:55,933 --> 00:48:59,723
BUT TO BRING IN WINSTON.

779
00:48:59,762 --> 00:49:04,072
narrator: BELIEVING CHURCHILL
WILL FALL IN LINE,

780
00:49:04,115 --> 00:49:08,155
CHAMBERLAIN STICKS TO HIS POLICY
OF DOING NOTHING

781
00:49:08,206 --> 00:49:12,336
WHILE CHURCHILL
BOLDLY ASSERTS HIMSELF.

782
00:49:12,384 --> 00:49:15,524
- I WANT WARSHIPS
WITH FIREPOWER.

783
00:49:15,561 --> 00:49:20,001
I WANT SUBMARINES THAT
ARE CAPABLE OF FIRING TORPEDOES.

784
00:49:20,044 --> 00:49:22,224
I DO NOT WANT EXCUSES.

785
00:49:36,538 --> 00:49:39,018
narrator:
HE MAY BE AN OCEAN AWAY,

786
00:49:39,063 --> 00:49:41,113
BUT PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT

787
00:49:41,152 --> 00:49:44,022
IS CLOSELY MONITORING
THE SITUATION IN EUROPE,

788
00:49:44,068 --> 00:49:46,028
AND LIKE CHURCHILL,

789
00:49:46,070 --> 00:49:50,120
HE KNOWS THAT ADOLF HITLER
ISN'T SOMEONE TO BE IGNORED.

790
00:49:50,161 --> 00:49:53,471
- ROOSEVELT GRADUALLY CAME
TO BELIEVE

791
00:49:53,512 --> 00:49:58,042
THAT HITLER WAS A SERIOUS DANGER
TO WORLD PEACE

792
00:49:58,082 --> 00:50:00,392
AND A DANGER
TO THE UNITED STATES.

793
00:50:00,432 --> 00:50:02,042
ROOSEVELT CONCLUDED THIS,

794
00:50:02,086 --> 00:50:04,036
PARTLY BECAUSE OF
WHAT ROOSEVELT HAD LEARNED

795
00:50:04,088 --> 00:50:07,218
UNDER WOODROW WILSON
DURING WORLD WAR I,

796
00:50:07,265 --> 00:50:11,045
BUT ROOSEVELT WAS NOT THE ONE
WHO AT THIS STAGE

797
00:50:11,095 --> 00:50:13,135
WAS GONNA GO OUT
ON ANY POLITICAL LIMBS

798
00:50:13,184 --> 00:50:15,274
TRYING TO CONVINCE
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE OF THAT,

799
00:50:15,316 --> 00:50:17,966
BECAUSE ROOSEVELT KNEW
THAT AMERICANS

800
00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:19,885
HAD GROWN EXTREMELY ALLERGIC

801
00:50:19,929 --> 00:50:23,059
TO GETTING INVOLVED
IN EUROPE'S WARS.

802
00:50:23,107 --> 00:50:26,067
- I THINK ROOSEVELT
DID EVERYTHING HE COULD.

803
00:50:26,110 --> 00:50:28,760
IT WOULD HAVE BEEN VERY HARD
UNDER THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES.

804
00:50:28,808 --> 00:50:31,328
YOU MIGHT HAVE SAID IT WOULD BE
A NICE TIME TO INTERVENE,

805
00:50:31,376 --> 00:50:33,066
BUT WITH WHAT?

806
00:50:33,117 --> 00:50:35,677
YOU'VE GOT THE WORLD'S
17TH-LARGEST ARMY.

807
00:50:35,728 --> 00:50:38,118
THERE'S NO PUBLIC SUPPORT
WHATSOEVER HERE

808
00:50:38,165 --> 00:50:39,555
IN THE UNITED STATES
FOR THE NOTION

809
00:50:39,601 --> 00:50:42,521
THAT WE OUGHT TO BE INTERVENING
IN EUROPE

810
00:50:42,561 --> 00:50:45,131
WHEN THEY HAVEN'T EVEN STARTED
TO SHOOT AT EACH OTHER YET.

811
00:50:45,172 --> 00:50:46,782
UH-UH.
THERE'S NO WAR.

812
00:50:52,745 --> 00:50:54,825
narrator:
CONFIDENT THAT HIS POWER

813
00:50:54,877 --> 00:50:57,267
IN WESTERN EUROPE IS SECURE,

814
00:50:57,315 --> 00:51:00,615
ADOLF HITLER PLANS
AN EVEN MORE AGGRESSIVE STRATEGY

815
00:51:00,666 --> 00:51:05,496
TO EXPAND THE NAZI EMPIRE
TO THE EAST--

816
00:51:05,540 --> 00:51:10,020
TARGETING THE NATION OF POLAND.

817
00:51:10,067 --> 00:51:15,327
HITLER BELIEVES POLAND
RIGHTFULLY BELONGS TO GERMANY,

818
00:51:15,376 --> 00:51:17,156
HAVING BEEN TAKEN BY THE ALLIES

819
00:51:17,204 --> 00:51:21,034
DURING THE
VERSAILLES NEGOTIATIONS.

820
00:51:21,078 --> 00:51:23,118
- FROM NOVEMBER 1918 ONWARDS,

821
00:51:23,167 --> 00:51:27,477
IF HITLER HAS ONE,
ESSENTIAL MISSION IN POLITICS,

822
00:51:27,519 --> 00:51:29,869
IT IS TO OVERTHROW
THE VERSAILLES TREATY

823
00:51:29,912 --> 00:51:32,132
AND NOT JUST TO OVERTHROW
THE VERSAILLES TREATY

824
00:51:32,176 --> 00:51:34,826
BUT TO CREATE
A NEW INTERNATIONAL ORDER

825
00:51:34,874 --> 00:51:39,144
IN WHICH GERMANY
CANNOT AGAIN BE DEFEATED.

826
00:51:39,183 --> 00:51:41,143
narrator:
BUT HITLER KNOWS TAKING POLAND

827
00:51:41,185 --> 00:51:44,405
WILL PROVOKE THE ONLY MAN
WHO INTIMIDATES HIM,

828
00:51:44,449 --> 00:51:49,239
A TYRANT WHO RULES HIS COUNTRY
WITH AN IRON FIST.

829
00:51:55,764 --> 00:51:58,594
JOSEPH STALIN IS ONE
OF THE MOST VIOLENT LEADERS

830
00:51:58,637 --> 00:52:00,287
THE WORLD WILL EVER KNOW.

831
00:52:04,643 --> 00:52:06,473
JUST 20 YEARS EARLIER,

832
00:52:06,514 --> 00:52:09,784
HE SEIZED CONTROL OF THE
LARGEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

833
00:52:09,822 --> 00:52:12,872
AND CREATED THE SOVIET UNION

834
00:52:12,912 --> 00:52:15,742
USING NOTHING MORE
THAN BRUTE FORCE

835
00:52:15,784 --> 00:52:18,094
AND INTIMIDATION.

836
00:52:22,661 --> 00:52:25,581
[men vocalizing]

837
00:52:25,620 --> 00:52:33,500
♪

838
00:52:33,541 --> 00:52:36,721
- THERE'S NO FREEDOM,

839
00:52:36,762 --> 00:52:38,852
TOTAL CENSORSHIP IN RUSSIA.

840
00:52:38,894 --> 00:52:42,864
IT WAS A HELLISH PLACE TO BE.

841
00:52:42,898 --> 00:52:46,078
STALIN IS A MURDERER.

842
00:52:46,119 --> 00:52:49,729
THERE'S NOTHING GOOD
TO SAY ABOUT STALIN.

843
00:52:49,775 --> 00:52:52,815
narrator: LIKE HITLER,
STALIN IS A BRUTAL DICTATOR

844
00:52:52,865 --> 00:52:56,125
WITH DREAMS OF WORLD DOMINATION.

845
00:52:56,173 --> 00:52:59,483
BOTH MEN ARE PROFESSED FANS
OF THE ARTS

846
00:52:59,524 --> 00:53:03,754
WHO RULE THEIR COUNTRIES
RUTHLESS ORDER AND EFFICIENCY.

847
00:53:03,789 --> 00:53:07,009
JUST LIKE HITLER ELIMINATED
HIS POLITICAL OPPONENTS

848
00:53:07,053 --> 00:53:11,193
DURING THE NIGHT
OF THE LONG KNIVES,

849
00:53:11,231 --> 00:53:15,541
STALIN DOES THE SAME
ON AN EVEN GRANDER SCALE...

850
00:53:28,553 --> 00:53:31,343
SENDING HIS RIVALS
TO DEADLY WORK CAMPS

851
00:53:31,382 --> 00:53:33,252
LOCATED IN THE HARSHEST

852
00:53:33,297 --> 00:53:37,387
AND MOST DESOLATE TERRAIN
ON THE PLANET--

853
00:53:37,431 --> 00:53:39,261
SIBERIA.

854
00:53:39,303 --> 00:53:45,003
STALIN'S PURGES
SEND OVER 2 MILLION PEOPLE

855
00:53:45,047 --> 00:53:47,697
TO DIE
IN SIBERIAN WORK CAMPS.

856
00:53:57,451 --> 00:54:02,801
IT'S AN IDEA ADOLF HITLER
WILL SOON ADOPT HIMSELF

857
00:54:02,848 --> 00:54:04,278
AS HE OPENS UP THOUSANDS

858
00:54:04,328 --> 00:54:08,768
OF FORCED LABOR CAMPS
THROUGHOUT GERMANY

859
00:54:08,810 --> 00:54:12,250
WHERE HE BANISHES
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF JEWS,

860
00:54:12,292 --> 00:54:14,032
POLITICAL OPPONENTS,

861
00:54:14,076 --> 00:54:16,946
AND ANYONE ELSE
HE DEEMS UNDESIRABLE.

862
00:54:26,263 --> 00:54:28,353
HITLER KNOWS
IF HE'S GOING TO CONTINUE

863
00:54:28,395 --> 00:54:30,435
HIS CONQUEST OF EUROPE,

864
00:54:30,484 --> 00:54:34,144
HE'LL NEED TO NEUTRALIZE
JOSEPH STALIN.

865
00:54:34,183 --> 00:54:37,323
HE OFFERS HIS RIVAL DICTATOR
A PACT,

866
00:54:37,361 --> 00:54:41,321
PROMISING TO AVOID WAR
BETWEEN THE TWO MASSIVE POWERS

867
00:54:41,365 --> 00:54:46,145
IF STALIN USES HIS RED ARMY
TO HELP CONQUER POLAND.

868
00:54:46,195 --> 00:54:48,935
- EVERYTHING THAT HITLER DID
IN WORLD WAR II

869
00:54:48,981 --> 00:54:52,071
WAS SHAPED BY HIS EXPERIENCE
IN WORLD WAR I,

870
00:54:52,114 --> 00:54:54,124
AND IN WORLD WAR I,
HE KNEW THAT GERMANY

871
00:54:54,160 --> 00:54:57,600
CAME CLOSEST TO VICTORY

872
00:54:57,642 --> 00:54:59,122
WHEN RUSSIA WITHDREW
FROM THE WAR,

873
00:54:59,165 --> 00:55:01,425
SO HIS GOAL
THE SECOND TIME AROUND

874
00:55:01,472 --> 00:55:04,302
WAS TO KEEP RUSSIA
FROM ENTERING THE WAR.

875
00:55:04,344 --> 00:55:06,694
HE DID NOT WANT TO HAVE
A SECOND FRONT OPENED UP.

876
00:55:06,738 --> 00:55:09,258
HE WANTED TO BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN
HIS FOCUS ON THE WEST,

877
00:55:09,306 --> 00:55:12,396
SO HE CREATES A PACT
WITH STALIN.

878
00:55:12,439 --> 00:55:14,919
narrator:
STALIN ACCEPTS HITLER'S OFFER.

879
00:55:24,016 --> 00:55:27,236
- WE WILL MOVE SWIFTLY,

880
00:55:27,280 --> 00:55:32,290
AND WE WILL SPARE NO ONE.

881
00:55:32,329 --> 00:55:36,029
- WE COULD MOVE SOME TROOPS
BUT THAT WILL TAKE WEEKS.

882
00:55:41,773 --> 00:55:45,953
- YOU HAVE TOO LITTLE TRUST
IN THEIR WEAKNESS.

883
00:55:45,994 --> 00:55:47,524
- JAHWOL,MEIN FUEHRER.

884
00:55:47,561 --> 00:55:50,391
- THEY'RE THERE
FOR THE TAKING,

885
00:55:50,434 --> 00:55:52,044
AND WE WILL TAKE THEM.

886
00:55:54,089 --> 00:55:58,659
[siren wailing]

887
00:55:58,703 --> 00:56:02,143
narrator:
ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1939,

888
00:56:02,184 --> 00:56:08,324
HITLER ORDERS A MILLION TROOPS
INTO POLAND

889
00:56:08,365 --> 00:56:10,925
WHO FIGHT USING A NEW METHOD
OF WARFARE

890
00:56:10,976 --> 00:56:12,756
THE WORLD
HAS NEVER SEEN BEFORE...

891
00:56:12,804 --> 00:56:16,904
[explosions]

892
00:56:16,938 --> 00:56:18,588
BLITZKRIEG.

893
00:56:18,636 --> 00:56:21,416
- THE GERMANS WANTED TO AVOID
A STATIC WAR,

894
00:56:21,465 --> 00:56:23,115
SO THEY HAD DEVELOPED SOMETHING

895
00:56:23,162 --> 00:56:25,512
WHICH CAME TO BE CALLED
BLITZKRIEG OR LIGHTNING WAR...

896
00:56:28,080 --> 00:56:30,560
AND THE CONCEPT
OF LIGHTENING WAR

897
00:56:30,604 --> 00:56:33,784
IS TO TAKE
VERY FAST MOVING FORCES...

898
00:56:33,825 --> 00:56:37,865
[engines rumbling]

899
00:56:37,916 --> 00:56:39,786
TO PUNCH A HOLE IN YOUR ENEMY...

900
00:56:39,831 --> 00:56:42,011
[explosions]

901
00:56:44,488 --> 00:56:47,228
AND THEN GET INTO
THEIR NERVOUS SYSTEM.

902
00:56:47,273 --> 00:56:51,503
[gunfire]

903
00:56:51,538 --> 00:56:53,368
IT'S LIKE SOMETHING ATTACKING
THE HUMAN BODY.

904
00:56:53,410 --> 00:56:55,540
[explosions]

905
00:56:55,586 --> 00:57:00,066
YOUR ARMS AND LEGS
AND MUSCLES ARE FINE,

906
00:57:00,112 --> 00:57:01,462
BUT YOUR BRAIN AND YOUR HEART

907
00:57:01,505 --> 00:57:04,065
HAVE BEEN SUDDENLY
BEEN ASSAULTED,

908
00:57:04,116 --> 00:57:07,506
AND YOU CAN'T REACT FAST ENOUGH
TO DEAL WITH THIS.

909
00:57:10,252 --> 00:57:13,342
narrator: WHILE THE NAZIS ATTACK
FROM THE WEST...

910
00:57:19,566 --> 00:57:22,996
STALIN ORDERS THE RED ARMY
TO INVADE FROM THE EAST.

911
00:57:25,398 --> 00:57:27,748
- STALIN WAS DETERMINED
TO GIVE HITLER

912
00:57:27,792 --> 00:57:29,362
EVERYTHING HE NEEDED,

913
00:57:29,402 --> 00:57:32,672
AND THEREBY GERMANY
WOULD HAVE NO REASON EVER

914
00:57:32,710 --> 00:57:34,710
TO ATTACK THE SOVIET UNION.

915
00:57:40,239 --> 00:57:43,679
[Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake
playing]

916
00:57:43,721 --> 00:57:46,591
[peaceful classical music]

917
00:57:46,637 --> 00:57:53,297
♪

918
00:57:53,339 --> 00:57:56,039
[intense classical music]

919
00:57:56,081 --> 00:57:58,001
narrator:
THE POLISH ARMY IS NO MATCH

920
00:57:58,039 --> 00:58:00,259
FOR THE TWO-FRONT INVASION...

921
00:58:00,302 --> 00:58:03,742
♪

922
00:58:03,784 --> 00:58:06,314
AND THE COUNTRY FALLS
TO THE NEW ALLIANCE

923
00:58:06,352 --> 00:58:08,182
OF HITLER AND STALIN.

924
00:58:08,223 --> 00:58:12,973
♪

925
00:58:13,011 --> 00:58:15,491
- DICTATORS FEEL
THAT THEY ARE OMNISCIENT

926
00:58:15,535 --> 00:58:18,145
IN THEIR JUDGMENT

927
00:58:18,190 --> 00:58:21,760
AND THEY KNOW BETTER
THAN ANYONE ELSE.

928
00:58:21,802 --> 00:58:23,502
THEY DON'T KEEP ANYONE
AROUND THEM

929
00:58:23,543 --> 00:58:26,153
WHO WILL TELL THEM OTHERWISE.

930
00:58:26,198 --> 00:58:28,548
IN MOST OF MY MILITARY CAREER...

931
00:58:28,592 --> 00:58:31,682
♪

932
00:58:31,725 --> 00:58:36,685
I HAD TO SHAKE HANDS
WITH A LOT OF PIGS.

933
00:58:36,730 --> 00:58:38,170
[peaceful classical music]

934
00:58:38,210 --> 00:58:42,740
[clapping]

935
00:58:42,780 --> 00:58:45,650
[applause]

936
00:58:45,696 --> 00:58:50,876
♪

937
00:58:50,918 --> 00:58:54,098
narrator: ADOLF HITLER
HAS FORMED ALLIANCES WITH ITALY,

938
00:58:54,139 --> 00:58:57,099
JAPAN, AND NOW RUSSIA

939
00:58:57,142 --> 00:59:01,492
TO CREATE THE WORLD'S
MOST TERRIFYING SUPER POWER.

940
00:59:08,327 --> 00:59:10,237
THE DAY WINSTON CHURCHILL
HAS BEEN WARNING

941
00:59:10,285 --> 00:59:14,545
THE REST OF THE WORLD ABOUT
IS FINALLY HERE.

942
00:59:17,336 --> 00:59:20,596
GREAT BRITAIN AND THE ALLIES
ARE IN NO POSITION

943
00:59:20,644 --> 00:59:25,614
TO IGNORE THE THREAT
OF HITLER AND STALIN.

944
00:59:25,649 --> 00:59:29,649
- NOBODY KNEW THE EXTENT
OF WHAT GERMANS' DESIGN WAS,

945
00:59:29,696 --> 00:59:33,436
AND IT'S NOT UNTIL POLAND FALLS
IT BECOMES CLEAR

946
00:59:33,482 --> 00:59:37,752
HITLER HAS THIS SORT OF DESIGN
TO CONTROL ALL OF EUROPE.

947
00:59:41,578 --> 00:59:46,228
narrator:
ON SEPTEMBER 3, 1939,

948
00:59:46,278 --> 00:59:52,368
CHAMBERLAIN FINALLY REALIZES
HE HAS NO OTHER OPTION

949
00:59:52,414 --> 00:59:56,904
BUT TO SIGN THE DECLARATION

950
00:59:56,941 --> 01:00:00,601
THAT TAKES THE WORLD
BACK TO WAR.

951
01:00:07,778 --> 01:00:10,348
narrator: ADOLF HITLER
IS ON A MARCH THROUGH EUROPE

952
01:00:10,389 --> 01:00:13,169
AS HE RAPIDLY EXPANDS
HIS EMPIRE...

953
01:00:13,218 --> 01:00:15,998
[explosions]

954
01:00:16,047 --> 01:00:18,007
MEETING LITTLE RESISTANCE.

955
01:00:20,791 --> 01:00:24,801
[crowd shouting]

956
01:00:24,838 --> 01:00:27,008
EVEN AFTER DECLARING WAR,

957
01:00:27,058 --> 01:00:28,628
PRIME MINISTER
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN

958
01:00:28,668 --> 01:00:31,318
STILL DOES ABSOLUTELY NOTHING
TO STOP HITLER

959
01:00:31,366 --> 01:00:33,976
FOR SEVEN LONG MONTHS.

960
01:00:34,021 --> 01:00:35,941
- HITLER IS ON THE MOVE.

961
01:00:35,980 --> 01:00:37,810
I MEAN,
WE SHOULD MOBILIZE IMMEDIATELY.

962
01:00:37,851 --> 01:00:40,291
- YES, BUT WE NEED MORE TIME,

963
01:00:40,332 --> 01:00:43,602
AND IF THERE IS GOING TO BE WAR,
I WANT US TO BE READY.

964
01:00:43,640 --> 01:00:45,210
- [laughs]

965
01:00:45,250 --> 01:00:49,340
WAR WILL FIND US
WHETHER WE'RE READY OR NOT.

966
01:00:51,735 --> 01:00:56,995
- WAR IS NOT A POLITICAL GAME.

967
01:00:57,044 --> 01:01:03,884
WAR IS EVERYTHING
THAT YOU CAN PUT ON THE LINE

968
01:01:03,921 --> 01:01:08,061
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE A RESULT
AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE.

969
01:01:08,099 --> 01:01:09,929
- WHAT'S HE GOING TO HAVE
TO DO NEXT?

970
01:01:09,970 --> 01:01:11,760
- WE ALREADY OFFERED HIM
A CERTAIN THING,

971
01:01:11,798 --> 01:01:13,318
AND WE CAN'T DO EVERYTHING
OVERNIGHT,

972
01:01:13,365 --> 01:01:14,705
AND WE'RE NOT READY FOR WAR
RIGHT NOW.

973
01:01:14,758 --> 01:01:16,628
- HITLER IS FAR MORE DANGEROUS

974
01:01:16,673 --> 01:01:18,893
THAN ANYTHING
WE'VE EVER FACED BEFORE.

975
01:01:18,936 --> 01:01:20,196
- NO, NO, NO, NO, NO.

976
01:01:20,241 --> 01:01:22,371
WE NEED TIME.

977
01:01:22,417 --> 01:01:23,677
- OH, I SEE.

978
01:01:23,723 --> 01:01:25,943
THAT'S THE TYPICAL DEFEATISM

979
01:01:25,986 --> 01:01:28,726
AND PACIFISM
OF YOUR GOVERNMENT.

980
01:01:28,772 --> 01:01:31,512
SO WHERE ARE YOU GONNA
DRAW THE LINE WITH HITLER?

981
01:01:33,515 --> 01:01:35,815
- POLITICAL LEADERSHIP
IS ABOUT BEING ABLE TO DO THINGS

982
01:01:35,866 --> 01:01:39,426
THAT YOUR COLLEAGUES
COULDN'T DO

983
01:01:39,478 --> 01:01:41,648
AND FOR THEM
TO RECOGNIZE THAT.

984
01:01:41,698 --> 01:01:43,438
WHAT MARKS
OUR SUCCESSFUL LEADERS

985
01:01:43,482 --> 01:01:44,882
FROM THE UNSUCCESSFUL

986
01:01:44,918 --> 01:01:47,398
IS A DECISIVENESS,
A COURAGE, A CLARITY,

987
01:01:47,442 --> 01:01:48,622
A STRATEGIC VISION.

988
01:01:53,753 --> 01:01:58,543
- HITLER IS BURNING THE TREATY
OF VERSAILLES AS WE SPEAK,

989
01:01:58,584 --> 01:02:01,764
AND ALL WE DO IS SIT IDLY BY

990
01:02:01,805 --> 01:02:06,155
PISSING ON THE ASHES.

991
01:02:06,200 --> 01:02:09,290
narrator: WHILE CHAMBERLAIN
CONTINUES TO DO NOTHING,

992
01:02:09,334 --> 01:02:14,344
HITLER INVADES DENMARK
AND NORWAY,

993
01:02:14,382 --> 01:02:19,132
TIGHTENING THE NOOSE AROUND
GREAT BRITAIN'S CLOSEST ALLY,

994
01:02:19,170 --> 01:02:21,040
FRANCE.

995
01:02:21,085 --> 01:02:24,695
HIS CONQUEST OF EUROPE
SEEMS UNSTOPPABLE.

996
01:02:24,741 --> 01:02:26,091
- THAT WAS IT.

997
01:02:26,133 --> 01:02:28,093
THAT WAS THE END
FOR CHAMBERLAIN.

998
01:02:28,135 --> 01:02:29,875
HIS GOVERNMENT HAD FAILED.

999
01:02:32,836 --> 01:02:35,446
narrator: THE PRESSURE CHURCHILL
PUTS ON CHAMBERLAIN

1000
01:02:35,490 --> 01:02:37,010
CAUSES THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT

1001
01:02:37,057 --> 01:02:40,057
TO LOSE COMPLETE FAITH
IN THEIR LEADER

1002
01:02:40,104 --> 01:02:43,674
FORCING HIM TO RESIGN.

1003
01:02:43,716 --> 01:02:44,976
- IT TURNS OUT THAT CHURCHILL

1004
01:02:45,022 --> 01:02:47,072
WAS RIGHT ALL ALONG
ABOUT HITLER

1005
01:02:47,111 --> 01:02:48,681
AND CHAMBERLAIN WAS WRONG.

1006
01:02:48,721 --> 01:02:51,421
CLEARLY, WITH GERMAN FORCES
NOW AMASSED

1007
01:02:51,463 --> 01:02:52,863
ALONG THE FRENCH BORDER,

1008
01:02:52,899 --> 01:02:54,899
THAT POLICY OF APPEASEMENT
HAD FAILED.

1009
01:02:54,945 --> 01:02:56,555
BRITAIN NEEDED A NEW LEADER,

1010
01:02:56,598 --> 01:03:00,818
A LEADER WHO WILL UNDERSTAND
WHO THIS ENEMY WAS.

1011
01:03:00,864 --> 01:03:04,434
narrator:
ON MAY 10, 1940,

1012
01:03:04,476 --> 01:03:08,086
WINSTON CHURCHILL CLAIMS
HIS GREATEST PERSONAL VICTORY...

1013
01:03:10,874 --> 01:03:13,834
[cheers and applause]

1014
01:03:13,877 --> 01:03:15,397
WHEN HE'S VOTED IN

1015
01:03:15,443 --> 01:03:17,753
AS THE NEW PRIME MINISTER
OF GREAT BRITAIN.

1016
01:03:20,753 --> 01:03:23,583
- CHURCHILL HAD TOTAL CONFIDENCE
IN HIMSELF.

1017
01:03:23,625 --> 01:03:28,365
IF HE HADN'T, HE WOULDN'T
HAVE SURVIVED HIS SETBACKS,

1018
01:03:28,413 --> 01:03:30,423
AND THAT IS WHY,
FROM BEING A RENEGADE,

1019
01:03:30,458 --> 01:03:32,628
HE WAS BROUGHT STRAIGHT BACK
INTO THE GOVERNMENT

1020
01:03:32,678 --> 01:03:37,118
AND THEN WAS PRIME MINISTER.

1021
01:03:37,161 --> 01:03:41,431
HE KNEW HE WAS SPECIAL,
AND HE PROVED IT.

1022
01:03:41,469 --> 01:03:42,989
narrator:
BUT CHURCHILL IS GIVEN NO TIME

1023
01:03:43,036 --> 01:03:44,816
TO CELEBRATE HIS VICTORY.

1024
01:03:54,743 --> 01:03:57,053
WINSTON CHURCHILL'S ELECTION
AS PRIME MINISTER

1025
01:03:57,094 --> 01:04:01,364
CHANGES HITLER'S
ENTIRE WAR PLAN.

1026
01:04:01,402 --> 01:04:05,022
HE KNOWS CHURCHILL
WON'T HESITATE TO FIGHT BACK,

1027
01:04:05,058 --> 01:04:08,758
SO HE DECIDES
TO STRIKE THE ALLIES FIRST,

1028
01:04:08,801 --> 01:04:13,411
LAUNCHING AN
OVERWHELMING INVASION OF FRANCE.

1029
01:04:13,458 --> 01:04:15,288
TO GUARANTEE VICTORY,

1030
01:04:15,329 --> 01:04:19,899
HE SENDS OVER 4 MILLION TROOPS
DIRECTLY AT THE FRENCH.

1031
01:04:19,943 --> 01:04:23,693
- WE'LL BOMB EVERY CITY.

1032
01:04:23,729 --> 01:04:28,519
WE BOMB EVERY VILLAGE,
EVERY FARM, EVERY TOWN.

1033
01:04:28,560 --> 01:04:32,480
- HITLER CAME TO BELIEVE
THAT HE WAS INVINCIBLE.

1034
01:04:32,520 --> 01:04:36,610
EVERY TIME HIS GENERALS
URGED CAUTION,

1035
01:04:36,655 --> 01:04:39,525
HE OVERRULED THEM.

1036
01:04:39,571 --> 01:04:41,621
HE BELIEVED
THAT EVERYTHING COULD BE DONE

1037
01:04:41,660 --> 01:04:45,580
IF YOUR WILLPOWER
WAS STRONG ENOUGH.

1038
01:04:45,620 --> 01:04:51,500
- WE WILL KILL EVERY SINGLE MAN.

1039
01:04:51,539 --> 01:04:54,759
WE WILL ANNIHILATE THEM.

1040
01:04:59,286 --> 01:05:02,116
[engines rumbling]

1041
01:05:09,079 --> 01:05:10,949
[cannon booming, explosion]

1042
01:05:10,994 --> 01:05:13,874
[men shouting]

1043
01:05:16,173 --> 01:05:19,873
[explosions rumbling,
sirens wailing]

1044
01:05:19,916 --> 01:05:22,826
[gunfire]

1045
01:05:29,360 --> 01:05:30,840
narrator:
HITLER'S BLITZKRIEG

1046
01:05:30,883 --> 01:05:33,633
COMPLETELY OVERPOWERS
THE FRENCH ARMY.

1047
01:05:33,668 --> 01:05:35,368
- THE FRENCH FELL PREY

1048
01:05:35,409 --> 01:05:37,539
TO EXACTLY WHAT THE GERMANS
HAD HOPED THEY WOULD.

1049
01:05:40,632 --> 01:05:41,502
[cannon booms]

1050
01:05:42,982 --> 01:05:49,032
VERY QUICKLY
THEY FELT DEFEATED.

1051
01:05:49,075 --> 01:05:54,295
- 100,000 FRENCH SOLDIERS
DIED DURING SIX WEEKS,

1052
01:05:54,341 --> 01:05:56,951
WHICH IS A HUGE PROPORTION
OF CAUSALITIES.

1053
01:05:59,868 --> 01:06:03,048
narrator: WHAT GERMANY
FAILED TO DO IN THE FIRST WAR,

1054
01:06:03,089 --> 01:06:06,349
HITLER ACCOMPLISHES
IN JUST SIX WEEKS.

1055
01:06:08,181 --> 01:06:09,921
AS HE TAKES FRANCE,

1056
01:06:09,966 --> 01:06:13,266
HITLER ALSO CONQUERS BELGIUM
AND THE NETHERLANDS.

1057
01:06:13,317 --> 01:06:16,617
HIS EMPIRE NOW ENCOMPASSES
NEARLY ALL OF EUROPE.

1058
01:06:25,982 --> 01:06:28,112
WINSTON CHURCHILL
HAS BEEN THE PRIME MINISTER

1059
01:06:28,158 --> 01:06:31,158
FOR JUST NINE DAYS,

1060
01:06:31,204 --> 01:06:34,034
AND ALREADY MILLIONS
OF NAZI TROOPS AND TANKS

1061
01:06:34,077 --> 01:06:38,817
ARE GATHERING ON THE COAST
OF THE ENGLISH CHANNEL,

1062
01:06:38,864 --> 01:06:41,614
JUST 50 MILES
FROM GREAT BRITAIN.

1063
01:06:48,656 --> 01:06:50,876
WITH ALL HOPE SEEMINGLY LOST...

1064
01:06:50,919 --> 01:06:55,099
[indistinct chatter]

1065
01:06:55,141 --> 01:06:59,671
CHURCHILL ADDRESSES
HIS NATION...

1066
01:06:59,711 --> 01:07:02,711
[static buzzing]

1067
01:07:02,757 --> 01:07:04,757
AND THE ENTIRE WORLD
IS LISTENING.

1068
01:07:04,803 --> 01:07:07,203
[indistinct radio chatter]

1069
01:07:15,509 --> 01:07:18,819
- WE SHALL NOT FLAG OR FAIL.

1070
01:07:18,860 --> 01:07:23,210
WE SHALL GO ON TO THE END.

1071
01:07:23,256 --> 01:07:26,166
WE SHALL FIGHT IN FRANCE.

1072
01:07:26,216 --> 01:07:30,566
WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE SEAS
AND OCEANS.

1073
01:07:30,611 --> 01:07:33,481
WE SHALL FIGHT
WITH GROWING CONFIDENCE

1074
01:07:33,527 --> 01:07:36,397
AND GROWING STRENGTH
IN THE AIR.

1075
01:07:36,443 --> 01:07:39,493
WE SHALL DEFEND OUR ISLAND

1076
01:07:39,533 --> 01:07:42,493
WHATEVER THE COST MAY BE.

1077
01:07:42,536 --> 01:07:45,236
WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES.

1078
01:07:45,278 --> 01:07:48,018
WE SHALL FIGHT
ON THE LANDING GROUNDS.

1079
01:07:48,064 --> 01:07:49,634
WE SHALL FIGHT
IN THE FIELDS

1080
01:07:49,674 --> 01:07:51,504
AND IN THE STREETS.

1081
01:07:51,545 --> 01:07:53,975
WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE HILLS.

1082
01:07:54,026 --> 01:07:57,066
WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER.

1083
01:07:57,116 --> 01:07:59,946
[cheers and applause]

1084
01:08:19,051 --> 01:08:20,921
narrator:
FOR THE PAST FOUR YEARS,

1085
01:08:20,966 --> 01:08:23,706
ADOLF HITLER HAS MARCHED
THE MOST DOMINANT MILITARY

1086
01:08:23,751 --> 01:08:25,881
THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN
ACROSS EUROPE.

1087
01:08:25,927 --> 01:08:29,147
[gunfire, explosion]

1088
01:08:29,192 --> 01:08:31,192
AND NOW FRANCE HAS FALLEN.

1089
01:08:31,237 --> 01:08:34,147
[dramatic music]

1090
01:08:34,197 --> 01:08:41,157
♪

1091
01:08:41,204 --> 01:08:43,514
BUT THE NEW PRIME MINISTER
OF GREAT BRITAIN

1092
01:08:43,554 --> 01:08:45,254
ISN'T GOING TO LET
THE OCCUPATION

1093
01:08:45,295 --> 01:08:48,855
OF THE LARGEST ALLIED NATION
TO DATE GO UNCHALLENGED.

1094
01:08:48,907 --> 01:08:52,427
♪

1095
01:08:52,476 --> 01:08:55,646
- WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER.

1096
01:08:55,696 --> 01:08:58,526
[cheers and applause]

1097
01:09:09,362 --> 01:09:12,932
WITHIN WEEKS OF TAKING FRANCE,

1098
01:09:12,974 --> 01:09:15,334
HITLER ORDERS
HIS TOP MILITARY COMMANDERS

1099
01:09:15,368 --> 01:09:21,368
TO BEGIN PREPARATIONS
FOR HIS LARGEST ATTACK YET--

1100
01:09:21,418 --> 01:09:26,028
TARGETING THE HEART
OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE,

1101
01:09:26,074 --> 01:09:27,904
LONDON, ENGLAND.

1102
01:09:30,427 --> 01:09:33,557
BUT HITLER HAS A PROBLEM,

1103
01:09:33,604 --> 01:09:37,484
THE BRITISH HAVE THE
MOST DOMINANT NAVY IN THE WORLD,

1104
01:09:37,521 --> 01:09:40,521
AND CHURCHILL HAS FORTIFIED
THE COAST OF GREAT BRITAIN

1105
01:09:40,567 --> 01:09:43,397
WITH A VIRTUAL ARMADA

1106
01:09:43,440 --> 01:09:46,400
IN ANTICIPATION OF AN ATTACK.

1107
01:09:46,443 --> 01:09:48,143
- IN MID JUNE OF 1940,

1108
01:09:48,184 --> 01:09:50,104
THE BRITISH ARE WAITING
FOR AN INVASION,

1109
01:09:50,142 --> 01:09:51,882
BUT HITLER THOUGHT

1110
01:09:51,926 --> 01:09:55,446
IF THEY COULDN'T BEAT THE
ENGLISH MILITARILY,

1111
01:09:55,495 --> 01:09:58,015
THEY'D TERRORIZE THE COUNTRY
SO MUCH

1112
01:09:58,063 --> 01:10:00,543
THAT THE ENGLISH PEOPLE
WOULD DEMAND

1113
01:10:00,587 --> 01:10:03,237
THAT CHURCHILL MAKE PEACE.

1114
01:10:05,462 --> 01:10:06,682
narrator:
HITLER KNOWS HIS NAVY

1115
01:10:06,724 --> 01:10:09,994
IS NO MATCH FOR THE BRITISH,

1116
01:10:10,031 --> 01:10:11,861
BUT HE'S SPENT
THE LAST SEVEN YEARS

1117
01:10:11,903 --> 01:10:16,473
CREATING A MASSIVE AIR FORCE
CALLED THE LUFTWAFFE...

1118
01:10:16,516 --> 01:10:19,076
[engine rumbling]

1119
01:10:19,127 --> 01:10:22,777
WHICH HE NOW ORDERS
INTO THE SKIES,

1120
01:10:22,827 --> 01:10:25,567
UNLEASHING
A STRATEGIC BOMBING CAMPAIGN

1121
01:10:25,612 --> 01:10:28,532
TO TERRORIZE CHURCHILL
INTO SUBMISSION.

1122
01:10:28,572 --> 01:10:31,842
[engines rumbling]

1123
01:10:33,272 --> 01:10:36,142
ON SEPTEMBER 7, 1940,

1124
01:10:36,188 --> 01:10:39,018
LONDON IS THE LARGEST CITY
IN THE WORLD,

1125
01:10:39,060 --> 01:10:42,110
HOME TO 9 MILLION PEOPLE

1126
01:10:42,150 --> 01:10:46,330
WHO HAVE NO IDEA
WHAT'S ABOUT TO HIT THEM.

1127
01:10:46,372 --> 01:10:49,852
[engines rumbling]

1128
01:10:49,897 --> 01:10:52,637
[sirens wailing]

1129
01:10:56,730 --> 01:10:59,560
[explosions rumbling]

1130
01:11:23,888 --> 01:11:26,798
[mournful music]

1131
01:11:26,847 --> 01:11:30,497
♪

1132
01:11:30,547 --> 01:11:35,637
OVER 60% OF THE CITY
IS OBLITERATED.

1133
01:11:45,388 --> 01:11:48,348
- IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE.

1134
01:11:48,391 --> 01:11:51,351
WITH HUNDREDS OF BOMBERS
AND FIGHTER PLANES.

1135
01:11:51,394 --> 01:11:53,004
INDISCRIMINATE BOMBINGS.

1136
01:11:53,047 --> 01:11:55,877
FIRES BROKE OUT IN THE EAST END,
IN THE WEST END.

1137
01:11:58,531 --> 01:12:02,581
THE BLITZ WAS TERROR BOMBING,

1138
01:12:02,622 --> 01:12:06,932
AND 40,000 BRITISH CIVILIANS
DIED DURING THE BLITZ

1139
01:12:06,974 --> 01:12:09,334
AND THOUSANDS OF LONDONERS.

1140
01:12:11,936 --> 01:12:13,286
narrator: 2 MILLION HOMES

1141
01:12:13,329 --> 01:12:16,899
THROUGHOUT THE CITY
ARE DESTROYED.

1142
01:12:16,941 --> 01:12:19,641
LEFT WITH NO OTHER PLACE TO GO,

1143
01:12:19,683 --> 01:12:22,343
MILLIONS ARE FORCED
TO FIND SHELTER

1144
01:12:22,381 --> 01:12:24,821
IN UNDERGROUND
SUBWAY STATIONS...

1145
01:12:27,125 --> 01:12:29,555
NOT KNOWING WHERE THE NEXT BOMB
WILL STRIKE.

1146
01:12:43,359 --> 01:12:46,799
[explosions booming in distance]

1147
01:12:54,935 --> 01:12:59,025
[explosion rumbling]

1148
01:12:59,070 --> 01:13:01,200
WINSTON CHURCHILL
IS THE PRIME MINISTER

1149
01:13:01,246 --> 01:13:06,816
FOR LESS THAN FOUR MONTHS
WHEN HITLER STRIKES LONDON,

1150
01:13:06,860 --> 01:13:10,080
BUT THE BLITZ
ONLY STRENGTHENS HIS RESOLVE.

1151
01:13:12,213 --> 01:13:15,483
- CHURCHILL STOOD ALONE.

1152
01:13:15,521 --> 01:13:17,131
HE WAS REALLY ALL THE STOOD

1153
01:13:17,175 --> 01:13:20,045
BETWEEN NAZI GERMANY
AND ADOLF HITLER

1154
01:13:20,091 --> 01:13:23,661
AND THE COMPLETE CONQUEST
OF EUROPE.

1155
01:13:29,317 --> 01:13:32,097
narrator:
DURING THE LONDON BLITZ,

1156
01:13:32,146 --> 01:13:36,456
CHURCHILL'S REMINDED OF
HIS FAILED GALLIPOLI INVASION.

1157
01:13:36,499 --> 01:13:40,329
ONLY INSTEAD OF SOLDIERS
WHO DIED ON HIS WATCH,

1158
01:13:40,372 --> 01:13:43,422
NOW IT'S INNOCENT CIVILIANS.

1159
01:13:48,119 --> 01:13:51,639
- CHURCHILL BELIEVED
THAT COURAGE AND VALOR

1160
01:13:51,688 --> 01:13:55,608
WERE PREREQUISITE
FOR LEADERSHIP.

1161
01:13:55,648 --> 01:14:01,128
YOU CAN'T HAVE
A COWARDLY LEADER,

1162
01:14:01,175 --> 01:14:07,485
AND CHURCHILL SHOWED HIMSELF
ALMOST EVERY NIGHT OF THE BLITZ.

1163
01:14:07,530 --> 01:14:09,750
HE WAS OUT IN THERE
IN THE NEIGHBORHOODS

1164
01:14:09,793 --> 01:14:10,923
AND THE PEOPLE SAW HIM.

1165
01:14:14,537 --> 01:14:18,537
- CHURCHILL EMBODIED
THE BULLDOG SPIRIT.

1166
01:14:18,584 --> 01:14:21,634
HE EMBODIED THE COMMITMENT
OF THE BRITISH PEOPLE

1167
01:14:21,674 --> 01:14:24,854
TO STAND UP
THROUGH THE BLITZ OF LONDON,

1168
01:14:24,895 --> 01:14:28,065
AND THAT'S A VITAL QUALITY
OF COURAGE

1169
01:14:28,115 --> 01:14:31,895
THAT SUSTAINS A PEOPLE
AT VERY PERILOUS TIMES.

1170
01:14:36,733 --> 01:14:41,133
narrator: WHILE HITLER
CONTINUES HIS TERROR BOMBING,

1171
01:14:41,172 --> 01:14:43,392
CHURCHILL SHIFTS HIS FOCUS
FROM THE NAVY

1172
01:14:43,435 --> 01:14:45,565
TO THE ROYAL AIR FORCE...

1173
01:14:49,876 --> 01:14:54,096
DEVOTING ALL HIS RESOURCES
INTO MASS-PRODUCING A NEW FLEET

1174
01:14:54,141 --> 01:14:56,541
OF SMALLER AND FASTER
FIGHTER PLANES...

1175
01:14:56,579 --> 01:14:59,409
[engines rumbling]

1176
01:15:01,105 --> 01:15:03,015
CATCHING HITLER OFF GUARD.

1177
01:15:04,935 --> 01:15:07,495
FOR THE NEXT THREE MONTHS,

1178
01:15:07,546 --> 01:15:11,246
THE LARGEST AIR BATTLE
THE WORLD HAS EVER KNOWN

1179
01:15:11,289 --> 01:15:14,639
IS FOUGHT OVER GREAT BRITAIN.

1180
01:15:14,684 --> 01:15:16,954
THE NEW AND IMPROVED
BRITISH PLANES

1181
01:15:16,990 --> 01:15:21,820
SHOOT DOWN
NEARLY 3,000 LUFTWAFFE FIGHTERS

1182
01:15:21,865 --> 01:15:24,645
WHILE THE BRITISH
LOSE FEWER THAN 600...

1183
01:15:24,694 --> 01:15:27,574
[engines rumbling]

1184
01:15:29,960 --> 01:15:34,830
FORCING HITLER TO RETREAT.

1185
01:15:34,878 --> 01:15:38,748
- THAT WAS CHURCHILL'S
FINEST HOUR,

1186
01:15:38,795 --> 01:15:44,975
THOSE MONTHS OF SEPTEMBER 1940
THROUGH EARLY 1941.

1187
01:15:45,018 --> 01:15:47,058
THERE WAS NO AMERICA
HELPING US THEN.

1188
01:15:47,107 --> 01:15:49,627
THERE WAS ENGLAND
AND ENGLAND ALONE,

1189
01:15:49,675 --> 01:15:54,155
AND IT WAS DURING THOSE MONTHS
THAT CHURCHILL SAVED ENGLAND,

1190
01:15:54,201 --> 01:15:58,341
AND I BELIEVE SAVED
WESTERN CIVILIZATION.

1191
01:15:58,379 --> 01:16:02,429
narrator: THE ROYAL AIR FORCE
OVERPOWERS THE LUFTWAFFE

1192
01:16:02,470 --> 01:16:05,520
AND SECURES GREAT BRITAIN
FROM ATTACK.

1193
01:16:05,561 --> 01:16:08,741
[engines rumbling]

1194
01:16:08,781 --> 01:16:12,701
CHURCHILL HAS HANDED HITLER
HIS FIRST MAJOR DEFEAT.

1195
01:16:20,924 --> 01:16:23,844
narrator: THE AXIS POWERS
OF GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN

1196
01:16:23,883 --> 01:16:28,763
ARE CONTINUING THEIR QUEST
FOR WORLD DOMINATION.

1197
01:16:28,801 --> 01:16:30,501
IN THE PACIFIC,

1198
01:16:30,542 --> 01:16:33,852
JAPAN HAS LAUNCHED
A BLOODY INVASION OF CHINA,

1199
01:16:33,893 --> 01:16:38,863
THE FIRST STEP IN THEIR CAMPAIGN
TO CONTROL ALL OF ASIA.

1200
01:16:38,898 --> 01:16:41,728
[men shouting, gunfire]

1201
01:16:50,606 --> 01:16:53,256
[explosion, horse neighing]

1202
01:16:53,304 --> 01:16:56,394
[gunfire]

1203
01:16:56,437 --> 01:16:59,657
BUT JAPANESE LEADERS
ARE CONVINCED

1204
01:16:59,702 --> 01:17:02,182
IF THEY'RE EVER GOING TO ACHIEVE
THEIR GOAL

1205
01:17:02,226 --> 01:17:06,226
OF A STRONG AND RESPECTED
JAPANESE EMPIRE,

1206
01:17:06,273 --> 01:17:08,493
THEY'LL NEED
TO BE MORE AGGRESSIVE.

1207
01:17:12,062 --> 01:17:15,722
CHINA IS JUST THE BEGINNING.

1208
01:17:15,761 --> 01:17:19,421
THE EMPEROR DECIDES
HE NEEDS A NEW PRIME MINISTER,

1209
01:17:19,460 --> 01:17:24,160
SOMEONE HE CAN TRUST
TO BRING VICTORY TO JAPAN,

1210
01:17:24,204 --> 01:17:28,644
SO HE PROMOTES
HIS MINISTER OF WAR,

1211
01:17:28,687 --> 01:17:30,427
HIDEKI TOJO.

1212
01:17:35,868 --> 01:17:38,438
- TOJO IS ELEVATED TO
THE POSITION OF PRIME MINISTER.

1213
01:17:38,479 --> 01:17:39,789
HE'S THERE REALLY
FOR TWO REASONS.

1214
01:17:39,829 --> 01:17:42,529
ONE IS HE FIERCELY LOYAL
TO THE EMPEROR.

1215
01:17:42,570 --> 01:17:45,360
HE ALSO IS CONSIDERED A HAWK,

1216
01:17:45,399 --> 01:17:49,969
SO HE HAS A LOT OF CREDIBILITY
AMONG THE MILITARY.

1217
01:17:50,013 --> 01:17:53,803
narrator: TOJO KNOWS IF JAPAN
IS GOING TO CONQUER ASIA,

1218
01:17:53,843 --> 01:17:56,373
FIRST THEY'LL NEED TO ESTABLISH
A BASE OF OPERATIONS

1219
01:17:56,410 --> 01:17:59,810
IN A CRITICAL TERRITORY
STRATEGICALLY LOCATED

1220
01:17:59,849 --> 01:18:03,069
IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS--

1221
01:18:03,113 --> 01:18:05,123
THE PHILIPPINES.

1222
01:18:05,158 --> 01:18:08,118
THE ONLY PROBLEM
IS THAT THE PHILIPPINES

1223
01:18:08,161 --> 01:18:10,821
BELONGS TO THE UNITED STATES.

1224
01:18:19,303 --> 01:18:21,483
AFTER LEARNING THAT JAPAN
IS MOVING ITS NAVY

1225
01:18:21,522 --> 01:18:22,612
TOWARDS THE PHILIPPINES...

1226
01:18:22,654 --> 01:18:25,144
- COMING THIS WAY?
SOUTH?

1227
01:18:25,178 --> 01:18:26,748
narrator:
PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT

1228
01:18:26,789 --> 01:18:30,579
KNOWS HE NEEDS TO RESPOND
QUICKLY.

1229
01:18:30,618 --> 01:18:32,318
- THE UNITED STATES HAD WORRIED
THAT THE JAPANESE

1230
01:18:32,359 --> 01:18:34,269
WERE GETTING TOO STRONG.

1231
01:18:34,318 --> 01:18:37,448
ROOSEVELT WATCHED THE
RISING TIDE OF VIOLENCE IN ASIA,

1232
01:18:37,495 --> 01:18:39,365
AND IT CAUSED ROOSEVELT
TO THINK,

1233
01:18:39,410 --> 01:18:42,670
"WE'VE GOT TO DO SOMETHING
ABOUT THIS

1234
01:18:42,718 --> 01:18:44,978
TO DEFEND THE PHILIPPINES."

1235
01:18:54,904 --> 01:18:57,084
narrator: TO PROTECT
THE AMERICAN TERRITORY,

1236
01:18:57,123 --> 01:18:59,473
ROOSEVELT SENDS A DIVISION
OF THE U.S. ARMY

1237
01:18:59,517 --> 01:19:01,517
DIRECTLY TO THE PHILIPPINES.

1238
01:19:01,562 --> 01:19:03,432
TO COMMAND THE OPERATION

1239
01:19:03,477 --> 01:19:05,257
HE PICKS A LEGENDARY GENERAL

1240
01:19:05,305 --> 01:19:07,525
WHO'S PROVEN HIMSELF
ON THE BATTLEFIELD,

1241
01:19:07,568 --> 01:19:11,748
WHILE ALSO PROVING TO BE A THORN
IN ROOSEVELT'S SIDE,

1242
01:19:11,790 --> 01:19:13,790
DOUGLAS MACARTHUR.

1243
01:19:13,836 --> 01:19:16,446
- ROOSEVELT KNEW HE NEEDED
A STRONGER MILITARY PRESENCE

1244
01:19:16,490 --> 01:19:19,540
IN THE PACIFIC
TO TRY TO DETER JAPAN,

1245
01:19:19,580 --> 01:19:21,760
AND HE CHOOSES MACARTHUR.

1246
01:19:21,800 --> 01:19:26,020
ROOSEVELT DIDN'T LIKE MACARTHUR,
BUT HE RESPECTED HIM.

1247
01:19:26,065 --> 01:19:29,805
narrator: ROOSEVELT IS CONFIDENT
THAT DESPITE THEIR DIFFERENCES,

1248
01:19:29,852 --> 01:19:33,732
MACARTHUR IS THE ONLY MAN
CAPABLE OF GETTING THE JOB DONE.

1249
01:19:33,769 --> 01:19:36,819
- WHEN MACARTHUR COMMANDED
IN THE PACIFIC,

1250
01:19:36,859 --> 01:19:39,299
IF YOU THINK OF THE BREADTH
OF HIS RESPONSIBILITIES

1251
01:19:39,339 --> 01:19:41,859
AND THE IMPORTANCE
OF WHAT HE DID

1252
01:19:41,907 --> 01:19:44,867
AND HIS OWN PROCLIVITY
AND PERSONALITY,

1253
01:19:44,910 --> 01:19:48,220
HE BECAME A VERY HUGE FIGURE

1254
01:19:48,261 --> 01:19:51,791
IN THAT AREA
AND IN HIS OWN MIND.

1255
01:19:54,311 --> 01:19:57,751
narrator: MACARTHUR IMMEDIATELY
BEGINS TRAINING HIS FORCE,

1256
01:19:57,793 --> 01:20:01,193
BUT HE'S BEEN GIVEN
JUST 22,000 MEN,

1257
01:20:01,231 --> 01:20:04,841
WHILE JAPAN'S ARMY
IS 2 MILLION STRONG.

1258
01:20:04,887 --> 01:20:07,107
IF JAPAN ATTACKS,

1259
01:20:07,150 --> 01:20:10,810
MACARTHUR AND HIS MEN
WILL NEED TO FIGHT LIKE HELL.

1260
01:20:14,766 --> 01:20:18,506
MEANWHILE ON THE OTHER SIDE
OF THE WORLD...

1261
01:20:22,165 --> 01:20:24,725
ADOLF HITLER HAS STEAMROLLED
THROUGH EUROPE

1262
01:20:24,776 --> 01:20:27,516
WITH MINIMAL RESISTANCE,

1263
01:20:27,561 --> 01:20:31,351
AND AFTER HIS TEMPORARY SETBACK
IN LONDON,

1264
01:20:31,391 --> 01:20:34,261
HE'S CONVINCED
IF HE'S EVER GOING TO ACHIEVE

1265
01:20:34,307 --> 01:20:37,697
HIS ULTIMATE DREAM
OF GLOBAL DOMINATION,

1266
01:20:37,745 --> 01:20:41,095
HE SIMPLY HAS TO GO BIGGER.

1267
01:20:41,140 --> 01:20:42,930
- HITLER BELIEVED HIS WILLPOWER

1268
01:20:42,968 --> 01:20:45,878
WOULD EVENTUALLY OVERCOME
ALL DIFFICULTIES.

1269
01:20:45,928 --> 01:20:48,018
IT BEGAN TO BUILD UP
HIS CONFIDENCE

1270
01:20:48,060 --> 01:20:49,580
UNTIL HE THOUGHT
HE WAS INVINCIBLE.

1271
01:20:49,627 --> 01:20:52,237
- WITH ENOUGH SUPPORT
FOR THIS AREA HERE...

1272
01:20:52,282 --> 01:20:53,942
narrator:
AS HIS EGO GROWS,

1273
01:20:53,979 --> 01:20:56,549
HITLER BEGINS TO BELIEVE
THE NAZI MILITARY

1274
01:20:56,590 --> 01:21:01,900
IS POWERFUL ENOUGH
TO TAKE ON ANYONE,

1275
01:21:01,944 --> 01:21:06,044
EVEN JOSEPH STALIN.

1276
01:21:06,078 --> 01:21:07,688
- HITLER'S PACT WITH STALIN

1277
01:21:07,732 --> 01:21:12,002
WAS ALWAYS A PACT
OF CONVENIENCE.

1278
01:21:12,041 --> 01:21:15,221
FOR SOME REASON, STALIN BELIEVED
THAT HE WAS SPECIAL,

1279
01:21:15,261 --> 01:21:17,921
THAT EVEN THOUGH HITLER
HAD VIOLATED EVERY AGREEMENT,

1280
01:21:17,960 --> 01:21:20,220
THAT EVEN THOUGH HITLER
HAD INVADED ALL THESE COUNTRIES,

1281
01:21:20,266 --> 01:21:22,786
THAT SOME HOW HE WOULD NOT
HAVE INVADED THE SOVIET UNION.

1282
01:21:30,363 --> 01:21:32,933
narrator:
IN THE SUMMER OF 1941,

1283
01:21:32,975 --> 01:21:34,495
HITLER ORDERS
A SURPRISE INVASION

1284
01:21:34,541 --> 01:21:37,461
OF THE SOVIET UNION,

1285
01:21:37,501 --> 01:21:40,981
CATCHING HIS ALLY
COMPLETELY OFF GUARD.

1286
01:21:41,026 --> 01:21:42,416
- WITHOUT WARNING,

1287
01:21:42,462 --> 01:21:44,942
HITLER'S FORCES
INVADE THE SOVIET UNION.

1288
01:21:44,987 --> 01:21:48,727
IT'S THE LARGEST LAND INVASION
IN HISTORY.

1289
01:21:48,773 --> 01:21:52,693
[engines rumbling]

1290
01:21:57,521 --> 01:22:00,221
[explosions]

1291
01:22:02,874 --> 01:22:05,664
[cannons booming]

1292
01:22:17,889 --> 01:22:22,459
narrator: HITLER'S TROOPS
ARE ADVANCING TOWARD MOSCOW,

1293
01:22:22,502 --> 01:22:26,292
BUT JOSEPH STALIN
REFUSES TO BACK DOWN

1294
01:22:26,332 --> 01:22:30,382
IN THE FACE OF HIS ALLY'S
BETRAYAL.

1295
01:22:30,423 --> 01:22:33,213
IF HITLER WANTS A WAR,

1296
01:22:33,252 --> 01:22:36,652
STALIN WILL GIVE HIM ONE.

1297
01:22:36,690 --> 01:22:39,130
- THESE ARE TWO
OF THE MOST RUTHLESS,

1298
01:22:39,171 --> 01:22:44,091
BLOODTHIRSTY INDIVIDUALS
WHO HAVE EVER LIVED.

1299
01:22:44,133 --> 01:22:48,533
AT ONE POINT THEY'RE ALLIES,
AND NOW THEY'RE ENEMIES.

1300
01:22:48,572 --> 01:22:50,492
narrator:
WITH ONE MOVE,

1301
01:22:50,530 --> 01:22:54,710
ADOLF HITLER HAS TURNED HIS
MOST POWERFUL ALLY AGAINST HIM.

1302
01:23:00,714 --> 01:23:02,024
narrator:
THE WORLD IS AT WAR

1303
01:23:02,064 --> 01:23:04,894
FOR THE SECOND TIME
THIS CENTURY.

1304
01:23:04,936 --> 01:23:07,236
ADOLF HITLER HAS THE ADVANTAGE,

1305
01:23:07,286 --> 01:23:10,246
BUT IN AN INCREDIBLE ACT OF EGO,

1306
01:23:10,289 --> 01:23:13,029
HE'S BETRAYED HIS ALLY
JOSEPH STALIN,

1307
01:23:13,075 --> 01:23:16,375
LAUNCHING AN INVASION
OF THE SOVIET UNION.

1308
01:23:16,426 --> 01:23:18,466
MEANWHILE IN THE PACIFIC,

1309
01:23:18,515 --> 01:23:21,295
A NEW THREAT EMERGES

1310
01:23:21,344 --> 01:23:25,004
AS JAPAN EXPANDS ITS EMPIRE,
MOVING ITS MILITARY

1311
01:23:25,043 --> 01:23:28,833
WITHIN STRIKING DISTANCE
OF THE PHILIPPINES.

1312
01:23:35,532 --> 01:23:38,062
PRESIDENT
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT

1313
01:23:38,100 --> 01:23:43,370
HAS SENT HIS BEST GENERAL
TO DEFEND THE ISLAND TERRITORY,

1314
01:23:43,409 --> 01:23:46,369
BUT HE KNOWS THE AMERICAN FORCE
HAS LITTLE HOPE

1315
01:23:46,412 --> 01:23:48,762
AGAINST THE POWERFUL
JAPANESE MILITARY.

1316
01:24:03,342 --> 01:24:06,262
- GIVE ME AN UPDATE.

1317
01:24:06,302 --> 01:24:07,782
- WE HAVE NO REASON
TO EXPECT THEM TO STOP

1318
01:24:07,825 --> 01:24:11,695
THEIR MOVEMENT SOUTH.

1319
01:24:11,742 --> 01:24:14,142
- IS THERE ANY MOVEMENT
TOWARDS THE PHILIPPINES?

1320
01:24:14,179 --> 01:24:15,659
- NOT THAT WE CAN TELL,

1321
01:24:15,702 --> 01:24:17,402
BUT IF THEY DO ATTACK,

1322
01:24:17,443 --> 01:24:19,053
THE BEST THAT MACARTHUR CAN DO
IS SLOW THEM DOWN.

1323
01:24:23,058 --> 01:24:27,018
- THERE IS ONE THING.

1324
01:24:27,062 --> 01:24:30,722
JAPAN IS TOTALLY DEPENDENT
ON FOREIGN OIL.

1325
01:24:30,761 --> 01:24:34,111
WE STOP THAT;
WE STOP THE WAR MACHINE.

1326
01:24:34,156 --> 01:24:36,026
- WHERE DO THEY GET THEIR OIL?

1327
01:24:36,071 --> 01:24:39,641
- FROM US.

1328
01:24:39,683 --> 01:24:44,123
narrator: DETERMINED
TO AVOID WAR AT ALL COSTS,

1329
01:24:44,166 --> 01:24:46,386
ROOSEVELT SIGNS A TRADE EMBARGO

1330
01:24:46,429 --> 01:24:49,479
CUTTING AMERICA'S SUPPLY OF OIL
TO JAPAN

1331
01:24:49,519 --> 01:24:53,649
AND SENDING THE JAPANESE ECONOMY
INTO FREE FALL.

1332
01:25:03,446 --> 01:25:06,226
[no audio]

1333
01:25:13,804 --> 01:25:15,374
IN TOKYO,

1334
01:25:15,414 --> 01:25:18,944
NEWLY-APPOINTED PRIME MINISTER
HIDEKI TOJO

1335
01:25:18,983 --> 01:25:22,163
KNOWS THE OIL EMBARGO
THREATENS TO PUT AN END

1336
01:25:22,204 --> 01:25:25,734
TO JAPAN'S IMPERIAL AMBITIONS.

1337
01:25:25,772 --> 01:25:30,132
IF HE'S GOING TO CONTINUE
TO EXPAND THE JAPANESE EMPIRE,

1338
01:25:30,168 --> 01:25:33,078
TOJO HAS TO ACT QUICKLY.

1339
01:25:33,128 --> 01:25:35,298
- AMBASSADOR,

1340
01:25:35,347 --> 01:25:38,917
PREPARE TO GO TO
THE UNITED STATES IMMEDIATELY.

1341
01:25:38,959 --> 01:25:41,569
WE NEED TO NEGOTIATE
THE END OF THE OIL EMBARGO.

1342
01:25:45,749 --> 01:25:47,399
- WITH THE OIL EMBARGO IN PLACE,

1343
01:25:47,446 --> 01:25:49,966
JAPAN DEVELOPS
A TWO-PRONG STRATEGY.

1344
01:25:50,014 --> 01:25:51,624
ON THE ONE HAND,
IT'S TRYING TO NEGOTIATE

1345
01:25:51,668 --> 01:25:54,408
A DIPLOMATIC SOLUTION
AND SENDS A REPRESENTATIVE

1346
01:25:54,453 --> 01:25:56,633
TO WASHINGTON
TO TRY TO FIND A WAY OUT OF IT.

1347
01:25:56,673 --> 01:26:00,243
THE EMPEROR IS GENUINELY TRYING
TO FIND A PEACEFUL SOLUTION,

1348
01:26:00,285 --> 01:26:03,805
BUT THE MILITARY
IS ALSO PLANNING FOR AN ATTACK.

1349
01:26:03,854 --> 01:26:05,864
narrator: THE JAPANESE
REALIZE THEY NEED TO FIND

1350
01:26:05,899 --> 01:26:07,769
OTHER SOURCES OF OIL,

1351
01:26:07,814 --> 01:26:11,044
AND THE BEST SOURCE
IS IN THE OIL-RICH ISLANDS

1352
01:26:11,078 --> 01:26:12,558
OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC,

1353
01:26:12,602 --> 01:26:14,822
BUT IN ORDER TO GET TO THAT OIL,

1354
01:26:14,865 --> 01:26:17,475
FIRST THEY'LL HAVE
TO GO THROUGH THE PHILIPPINES.

1355
01:26:17,520 --> 01:26:20,870
- THE PROBLEM IS AMERICA
HAS A MILITARY CAPABILITY

1356
01:26:20,914 --> 01:26:23,274
IN THE PHILIPPINES,
UNDER GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR,

1357
01:26:23,308 --> 01:26:27,228
SO IF THEY'RE GOING TO SECURE
THE OIL THAT THEY NEED,

1358
01:26:27,269 --> 01:26:28,399
THE FIRST THING
THEY HAVE TO DO

1359
01:26:28,444 --> 01:26:30,844
IS KNOCK AMERICA
OF THE PACIFIC.

1360
01:26:30,881 --> 01:26:32,541
narrator:
BUT THE JAPANESE MILITARY

1361
01:26:32,578 --> 01:26:35,098
ISN'T GOING TO ATTACK
THE PHILIPPINES DIRECTLY.

1362
01:26:35,146 --> 01:26:37,836
THEY HAVE A BIGGER,
MORE DARING PLAN

1363
01:26:37,888 --> 01:26:40,328
TO CRIPPLE
AMERICA'S NAVAL FLEET.

1364
01:26:49,291 --> 01:26:54,121
ON DECEMBER 7, 1941,

1365
01:26:54,165 --> 01:26:58,595
THE JAPANESE MILITARY LAUNCHES
A MASSIVE, PREEMPTIVE STRIKE...

1366
01:26:58,648 --> 01:27:01,738
[engine rumbling]

1367
01:27:01,781 --> 01:27:04,781
SENDING HUNDREDS
OF JAPANESE FIGHTER PLANES

1368
01:27:04,828 --> 01:27:08,438
ARMED WITH THOUSANDS
OF DEADLY EXPLOSIVES

1369
01:27:08,484 --> 01:27:12,014
ACROSS THE OCEAN.

1370
01:27:12,052 --> 01:27:13,662
THEIR TARGET:

1371
01:27:13,706 --> 01:27:17,446
THE ENTIRE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET,

1372
01:27:17,493 --> 01:27:22,633
CURRENTLY STATIONED AT A BASE
ON THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS...

1373
01:27:22,672 --> 01:27:24,062
[engines rumbling]

1374
01:27:24,108 --> 01:27:27,018
KNOWN AS PEARL HARBOR.

1375
01:27:35,685 --> 01:27:36,945
[explosion]

1376
01:27:36,990 --> 01:27:40,340
COMING UP ON THE WORLD WARS...

1377
01:27:40,385 --> 01:27:42,295
AMERICA IS ATTACKED,

1378
01:27:42,344 --> 01:27:46,224
AND ONCE AGAIN
THE WORLD IS AT WAR.

1379
01:27:46,261 --> 01:27:49,051
- SO IT BEGINS.

1380
01:27:49,089 --> 01:27:51,569
narrator:
THE NEW GENERATION OF LEADERS

1381
01:27:51,614 --> 01:27:54,404
NOW FACE THEIR BIGGEST TEST,

1382
01:27:54,443 --> 01:27:57,623
AND THE SOLDIERS
WHO WON THE FIRST WORLD WAR

1383
01:27:57,663 --> 01:27:59,803
NOW RETURN TO THE BATTLEFIELD

1384
01:27:59,839 --> 01:28:02,059
IN THE ULTIMATE REMATCH.

1385
01:28:02,102 --> 01:28:05,062
- NOTHING IS MORE CERTAIN
THAN OUR ULTIMATE

1386
01:28:05,105 --> 01:28:07,795
AND COMPLETE LIBERATION
FROM THE ENEMY.

1387
01:28:07,847 --> 01:28:09,977
[gunfire]

1388
01:28:10,023 --> 01:28:13,033
narrator: AS THE ALLIES
BEGIN TO PUSH BACK,

1389
01:28:13,070 --> 01:28:16,810
ADOLF HITLER GROWS INCREASINGLY
DESPERATE FOR VICTORY

1390
01:28:16,856 --> 01:28:19,246
CAUSING HIM TO DESCEND
INTO MADNESS.

1391
01:28:19,294 --> 01:28:22,514
- THE PROGRAM IS CLEAR.

1392
01:28:22,558 --> 01:28:25,738
IT READS TOTAL SEPARATION,

1393
01:28:25,778 --> 01:28:28,908
TOTAL SEGREGATION.

1394
01:28:28,955 --> 01:28:30,645
[explosions]

1395
01:28:30,696 --> 01:28:32,956
narrator: BUT IF THE ALLIES
ARE GOING TO WIN THE WAR

1396
01:28:33,003 --> 01:28:36,533
AND PUT AN END
TO OVER 30 YEARS OF TURMOIL,

1397
01:28:36,572 --> 01:28:40,232
THEY'LL HAVE TO RESORT
TO DRASTIC MEASURES

1398
01:28:40,271 --> 01:28:43,801
THAT WILL CHANGE THE WORLD
FOREVER.

1399
01:28:43,840 --> 01:28:44,840
[explosion]

1400
01:28:44,884 --> 01:28:46,024
[gunshots]