[ROCK MUSIC]
♪ ♪
[CHEERS AND APPLAUSE]
>> John: WELCOME, WELCOME,
WELCOME TO "LAST WEEK TONIGHT!"
I'M JOHN OLIVER.
THANK YOU SO MUCH
FOR JOINING US.
IT HAS BEEN ANOTHER BUSY WEEK.
THE FLAGSHIP OF THE RUSSIAN NAVY
SANK.
THE KARDASHIANS RETURNED TO TV.
IN TENNESSEE A STATE LAWMAKER
FOR A BILL TO CRIMINALIZE
CAMPING MADE THIS ARGUMENT.
>> I WANT TO GIVE YOU A HISTORY
OF HOMELESSNESS.
HITLER DECIDED TO LIVE ON THE
STREETS FOR A WHILE SO FOR TWO
YEARS HITLER LIVED ON THE
STREETS AND PRACTICE HIS ORATORY
AND BODY LANGUAGE AND HOW TO
CONNECT WITH THE MASSES AND THEN
WENT ON TO LEAD A LIFE THAT GOT
HIM IN THE HISTORY BOOKS.
A LOT OF THESE PEOPLE, IT'S NOT
INDENTED.
THEY CAN COME OUT OF THESE
HOMELESS CAMPS AND HAVE A
PRODUCTIVE LIFE.
IN HITLER'S CASE, VERY
UNPRODUCTIVE LIFE.
>> John: FUCKING TALKING
ABOUT.
WHAT'S YOUR POINT?
USING THE AGE-OLD WHAT IF A
HOMELESS PERSON WAS EXCEPT IN
HIS EXAMPLE, BUT A PERSON'S
HITLER, ADOLF HITLER AND THE
HOMELESSNESS SOMEHOW ONLY MADE
HIM STRONGER BUT INSTEAD OF
GOING DOWN THAT WORMHOLE WERE
GOING TO FOCUS ON THE MIDTERM
ELECTIONS IN NOVEMBER.
A RUN UP OF SOME IMPORTANT PARTY
PRIMARIES.
PENNSYLVANIANS IS A MONTH AWAY
AND IT'S A STATE THAT COULD WELL
DETERMINE WHO CONTROLS THE
SENATE AND ITS PRIMARY WAS
SHAKEN UP RECENTLY BY THIS.
>> BY THE WAY, I ENDORSED
ANOTHER PERSON TODAY.
DR. OZ IN PENNSYLVANIA.
DR. OZ.
GREAT GUY, GOOD MAN.
WHEN YOU'RE IN FOR 18 YEARS,
IT'S LIKE A POLL.
THAT MEANS PEOPLE LIKE YOU.
HE'S A GREAT GUY.
>> John: WOW.
I HADN'T HEARD THAT VOICE IN A
WHILE AND TO BE HONEST I REALLY
HAVEN'T MISSED IT.
THE FIRST GROWL IN THAT CLIP WAS
LIKE HEARING THE SOUND OF A
CRANKING A LOT MORE YOU KNOW IS
ABOUT TO SEXUALLY HARASS YOU.
AS FOR HIS CLAIM THAT BEING ON
TV FOR A LONG TIME IS LIKE OH
POLL SHOWING PEOPLE LIKE YOU,
THAT IS JUST NOT TRUE.
BELIEVE ME.
I'VE BEEN ON TV IN THIS COUNTRY
FOR 16 YEARS NOW AND I STILL GET
YOU TO COMMENTS LIKE "I HOPE HE
STOPS SOON.
"AND "THE MOST UNWATCHABLE THING
ON TELEVISION.
WHY DOES HE ALWAYS LOOKS AT?"
TRUMP HAS ENDORSED DR. OZ WE
HAVE TALKED ABOUT THE DAYTIME
SNAKE OIL CARNIVAL SO I DIDN'T
THINK HIS CAMPAIGN COULD
SURPRISE ME BUT IT HAS BECAUSE
IT'S BEEN A SHIT SHOW.
HE'S LIVED IN NEW JERSEY AND HIS
SOCIAL MEDIA SO FREQUENTLY SHOWS
HIM AT HIS NORTH JERSEY MANSION
SO HE'S RUNNING FOR OFFICE IN A
STATE HE DOESN'T SEEM TO WANT TO
LIVE IN, A SAVVY POLITICAL MOVE
KNOWN AS THE ERIC ADAM SPECIAL.
WHEN HE WASN'T IN NEW JERSEY HE
WAS OFTEN HERE IN NEW YORK AND
THE I KNOW THAT IS HIS SHOW
FILMED IN THIS STUDIO.
HIS OFFICES WERE RIGHT ACROSS
THE HALL FROM OURS AND I'M NOT
SAYING THAT'S WHY AFTER WE MADE
THIS PROP OF A GIANT ALLIGATOR
GIVING THE FINGER, WE SET IT UP
IN OUR RECEPTION AREA DIRECTLY
FACING HIS OFFICES BUT IT DID
SEEM AN APPROPRIATE WAY FOR THEM
TO BE GREETED EVERY MORNING.
I SAVED OVERCOMPENSATE FOR
QUESTIONS ABOUT HIS RESIDENCY,
DR. OZ HAS BEEN POSTING PHOTOS
AND VIDEOS FROM ALL OVER
PENNSYLVANIA LIKE THIS ONE OF
HIM AND HIS WIFE AT A
PITTSBURGH PENGUINS GAME AND
LET'S TAKE A MOMENT TO
APPRECIATE HIS WIFE'S
EXPRESSION.
THAT'S A LOOK THAT SCREAMS "I'M
IN PITTSBURGH WITH DR. OZ."
HE'S ALSO BEEN GOING OUT OF HIS
WAY TO EMPATHIZE WITH THE
CONCERNS OF REGULAR
PENNSYLVANIANS LIKE THIS.
>> DOING SOME GROCERY SHOPPING.
I AM AT WENGER'S.
MY WIFE WANTS SOME VEGETABLES
FOR A CRUDITES.
HERE'S BROCCOLI.
THAT'S TWO BUCKS.
HERE'S SOME ASPARAGUS.
THAT'S $4.
CARROTS.
THAT'S FOUR MORE DOLLARS, $10 OF
VEGETABLES.
WE NEED SOME GUACAMOLE.
THAT'S $4 OR MORE.
SHE LOVES SALSA.
THEY HAVE SULCI.
$6?
MUST BE A SHORTAGE OF SULCI.
$20 FOR CRUDITES AND IT DOESN'T
INCLUDE THE TEQUILA.
IT'S OUTRAGEOUS.
WE HAVE JOE BIDEN TO THANK FOR
THIS.
>> John: OKAY.
THERE'S A LOT TO UNPACK STARTING
WITH THAT DR. OZ WENT TO A
GROCERY STORE DRESSED LIKE
DEXTER BEFORE A SERIAL MURDER.
HE CALLS THE STORE WEGNER'S.
THAT'S A WENGER'S.
WHAT'S THAT SLAPDASH CRUDITES
NIGHTMARE.
NO BELL PEPPERS?
NO SALARY.
WHERE IS THE HUMMUS?
IT REQUIRES A THICK DIP.
IF THE DIP AIN'T THICK, THE DIP
DON'T STICK.
I CAN ONLY IMAGINE HIS WIFE'S
FACE WHEN HE BROUGHT THE
INGREDIENTS LIKE THIS BUT I
DON'T HAVE TO BECAUSE IT
PROBABLY LOOKS SOMETHING LIKE
THIS AND THAT'S NOT THE ONLY
TIME DR. OZ HAS TRIED TO CONNECT
WITH FOLKS OVER HIGH PRICES.
ONE OF HIS FAVORITE THINGS TO DO
IS TO SHOW HIMSELF PUMPING GAS
ON TIKTOK.
>> YOU KNOW WHY GAS COST SO MUCH
MONEY?
JOE BIDEN'S MISS MANAGER WERNER
ENERGY PRODUCTION.
300 BUCKS A WEEK.
COSTS HAVE BEEN SKYROCKETING.
HIGHEST IN 14 YEARS.
ALMOST FIVE BUCKS.
THAT'S CRAZY.
>> John: GAS PRICES ARE REAL
CONCERN BUT DR. OZ IS WORTH OVER
A HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS SO
IT'S A LITTLE WEIRD FOR HIM TO
ACT LIKE IT IS SPECIFICALLY
STRAINING HIS BUDGET BUT MAYBE
HE'S ONLY POSTING THOSE VIDEOS
TO PUSH SLIGHTLY LESS RELATABLE
CONTENT FURTHER DOWN HIS PAGE,
LIKE I DON'T KNOW, THIS ONE.
♪ ♪
COOL.
THAT IS DR. OZ WAKE SURFING WITH
THE CAPTION SURFING THROUGH
ITALY.
THAT IS WHAT HIS LIFE BE LIKE
BECAUSE HE'S FUCKING RICH.
WHAT HE DOESN'T GET TO DO IS
STAND IN FRONT OF GAS PUMPS AND
PRETEND HE'S PERSONALLY AFFECTED
BY THOSE NUMBERS.
MANY REPUBLICANS DOUBT DR. OZ'S
CONSERVATIVE BONA FIDES WHICH IS
WHY HE HAS TACKED SO HARD TO THE
RIGHT ON ISSUES LIKE GUN RIGHTS
AND ABORTION SAYING HE DEFENDS
THE MOST VULNERABLE, THE UNBORN.
MAYBE THAT SHIFT TO THE RIGHT ON
THE TRUMP ENDORSEMENT WILL HELP
HIM WIN BUT IF THAT HAPPENS,
IT'LL BE PRETTY REMARKABLE
BECAUSE FOR A MAN WHO'S MADE A
CAREER OUT OF TALKING INTO A
CAMERA, IT'S AMAZING HOW BAD HE
IS BENNETT DOING THAT DURING
THIS CAMPAIGN.
IT'S HONESTLY HER TYPICAL LOW
POINT BUT I HAVE TO SHOW YOU
THIS VIDEO FROM LAST MONTH WHERE
HE SEEMS BEST-CASE SCENARIO
EXHAUSTED.
>> I WANT TO GIVE A BIG SHOUT
OUT TO ALL THE PENNSYLVANIA
HIGH SCHOOL WRESTLERS WHO ARE
COMPETING TODAY IN HERSHEY AT
THE STATE CHAMPIONSHIP.
PENN STATE HEAD WRESTLING COACH
AND AMERICAN WRESTLING LEGEND
CALE SANDERSON.
YOU KNOW WHO HE IS.
HE HAS SAID PENNSYLVANIA
HIGH SCHOOL WRESTLING IS THE
BEST IN THE COUNTRY.
THE PENN STATE PROGRAM COULD GET
THESE FOLKS, THEY'D BE
UNBEATABLE.
>> John: I DON'T KNOW WHAT I
LIKE MOST, THE FACT THAT HE
SEEMS TO BE PERFORMING A CAMEO
NO ONE REQUESTED.
SHOUT OUT TO CAEL SANDERSON.
OR THE FACT THAT IT WAS POSTED
AT 6:57 P.M.
DID YOU PREGAME A HIGH SCHOOL
WRESTLING MATCH, YOU DEEPLY
WEIRD MAN?
I'M NOT SAYING IF DR. OZ LOSES
PENNSYLVANIANS WHILE A BETTER
OPTION ON THE REPUBLICAN TICKET.
THEY WON'T.
HIS MAIN OPPONENT IS THIS GUY,
DAVE McCORMICK, FORMER CEO FOR
THE WORLD'S BIGGEST HEDGE FUND.
THIS CAMPAIGN HAS ACTUALLY
TAUGHT ME SOMETHING BECAUSE I
TALKED A LOT OF SHIT ABOUT THE
DR. OZ SHOW BECAUSE IT WAS
UNREMITTINGLY TERRIBLE.
WHAT IS NOW CLEAR IS THAT I
DIDN'T APPRECIATE JUST HOW HARD
HIS STAFF HAD TO WORK EVERY DAY
TO MAKE SURE THAT IT WAS AN EVEN
WORSE.
HE HAD TO ABANDON HIS SHOW TO
RUN FOR SENATE.
IF ANY OF HIS STAFF ARE COMING
BACK TO OUR OFFICE IN THE COMING
WEEKS TO CLEAR THEIR STUFF OUT,
WE'VE LEFT THE NEW SPECIAL
MESSAGE FOR THEM ON OUR
ALLIGATOR.
I'M SORRY.
HE SEEMS LIKE A FUCKING
NIGHTMARE.
BECAUSE HE REALLY DOES.
AND NOW THIS.
>> Announcer: AND NOW...
THE PROFOUND DESPAIR OF HOLLOW
CHOCOLATE BUNNIES.
>> ITEM BEING A KID AND BITING
INTO THE EASTER CHOCOLATE AND IT
WAS HOLLOW BEING SO ANGRY.
>> WHEN I WAS GROWING UP, WE
HAVE THE HOLLOW ONES.
>> THESE WERE DISAPPOINTING.
YOU GET IT.
IT LEFT ME EMPTY.
>> ARE THEY SOLID?
THAT'S WHAT I WANT TO KNOW.
>> NO HOLLOW CHOCOLATE BUNNIES
FOR ME.
>> WHAT'S THE POINT OF EATING
AIR?
>> WHEN YOU WERE A KID THAT WAS
HOLLOW.
SO DISAPPOINTING.
>> MUST BE SOLID CHOCOLATE.
THAT'S WHAT WE NEED.
>> SOLID CHOCOLATE EASTER BUNNY.
>> SOLID.
>> THE ONES THAT ARE HOLLOW.
>> SOME HAVE THINGS IN THEM.
>> SOLID.
THEY ARE HARD TO FIND.
>> YEAH.
>> YEAH AS A KID I FELT LIKE I
WAS DENIED THE SOLID.
>> HOLLOW.
I WANTED TO -- THE SOLID.
I'M GOING TO BUY MYSELF ONE.
>> GOOD FOR YOU.
>> John: MOVING ON.
OUR MAIN STORY TONIGHT CONTAINS
POLICE INTERROGATIONS.
THEY ARE A STAPLE OF COUNTLESS
TV SHOWS INCLUDING MIGHT NOT --
ONCE YOU MIGHT NOT EXPECT.
>> DID YOU KILL YOUR FATHER WITH
THIS ACTS?
LIE TO ME AGAIN AND I WILL
ARREST YOU FOR MURDER.
>> I WOULD LIKE A MINERAL WATER,
NO ICE.
>> I WOULD LIKE YOUR BALLS IN A
BLENDER.
>> YOU'RE NOT UNDERSTANDING ME.
>> CONFESS?
IT'S >> John: HOLY SHIT.
I BOW TO FUCK AFTER I GET OUT.
I WAS NOT EXPECTING A CLIP FROM
"MY LITTLE PONY" TO LOOK LIKE A
DELETED SCENE FROM --
THEY CAN RESULT IN A CONFESSION
MOVING THE STORY ALONG BUT IT'S
NOT JUST AUDIENCES WHO FIND THEM
COMPELLING.
JURIES DO TOO.
CONFESSIONS ARE VIEWED AS THE
GOLD STANDARD COMES WHEN
INDICATOR OF GUILT AS THEY CAN
APPARENTLY BE MORE PERSUASIVE
THAN EVEN DNA EVIDENCE.
LISTEN TO ALL THESE JURORS AND
HIGH-PROFILE TRIALS EXTENDING
THE EVIDENCE THAT CONVICT THEM
-- CONVINCE THEM TO CONVICT.
>> HE FELT NO ONE WOULD CONFESS
THREE TIMES IF THEY DIDN'T DO
IT.
>> HE COULD HAVE CONTINUED TO
DENY IT.
IF YOU DID NOT HURT THAT BABY,
YOU WOULD GO TO YOUR GRAVE
SAYING NO I DIDN'T.
>> IT WAS VERY HARD TO IMAGINE
WHY ANYBODY WOULD MAKE UP
SOMETHING THAT NOT ONLY
INCRIMINATE THEM BUT IS FULL OF
DETAILS THAT SOUND LIKE THEY
ACTUALLY HAPPENED.
>> John: CONFESSIONS ARE
WILDLY PERSUASIVE BECAUSE WE
THINK ONE OF THOSE THINGS THAT
ONLY GUILTY PEOPLE DO.
LIKE POSTING A APOLOGY OR
REFUSING TO ANSWER ANY OF RONAN
FARROW'S QUESTIONS.
IN THOSE CASES, THE CONFESSION
TURNED OUT TO BE FALSE.
THE LAST EUROS FROM THE CASE OF
THE CENTRAL PARK FIVE, THE
EXONERATED FIVE.
OF ALL THE CONVICTIONS WE'VE
OVERTURNED THROUGH DNA TESTING
29% INVOLVED FALSE CONFESSIONS
AND YOU MAY FIND THAT HARD TO
BELIEVE BECAUSE IT CAN BE VERY
HARD TO COMPREHEND HOW SOMEONE
COULD CONFESS TO SOMETHING THEY
DIDN'T DO.
JUST WATCH LESTER HOLT STRUGGLED
TO GET HIS HEAD AROUND IT WHILE
TALKING TO A JOURNALIST WHO'VE
COVERED A FALSE CONFESSION CASE.
>> THE MORE I INVESTIGATED IT
THE MORE I CAME TO BELIEVE HE
MIGHT BE TELLING YOU THE TRUTH.
THERE'S NOT A SHRED OF FORENSIC
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE.
>> HE CONFESSED.
>> LIKE MOST PEOPLE YOU CAN
POSSIBLY FATHOM YOU DID
SOMETHING YOU DIDN'T DO.
>> NOBODY DOES THAT.
>> NOBODY WOULD THINK THEY WERE
TYPICAL OF DOING UP THE TRUTH IT
IS A SKILLED INTERROGATOR COULD
PROBABLY GET YOU OR I TO ADMIT
WE KIDNAPPED THE LINDBERGH BABY.
>> John: A SKILLED
INTERROGATOR COULD PROBABLY GET
ME TO ADMIT I AM THE LINDBERGH
BABY.
THIS BODY TYPE IS A PHYSIQUE
BEST DESCRIBED AS 92-YEAR-OLD
DEAD BABY.
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF REASONS AN
INNOCENT PERSON MIGHT CONFESS
SOMETHING THEY DIDN'T DO A LOT
OF THAT COMES DOWN TO WHAT
HAPPENS IN A POLICE
INTERROGATION ROOM SO TONIGHT
LET'S TALK ABOUT POLICE
INTERROGATIONS, WHAT TACTICS
THEY USE AND HOW DAMAGING THEY
CAN BE PERFECTLY FOR THE
INNOCENT.
LET'S START WITH SOME HISTORY.
IT USED TO BE POLICE COULD
TORTURE PEOPLE TO GET
CONFESSIONS AND PRACTICE WHAT
CAME TO BE KNOWN AS USING THE
THIRD DEGREE.
IN 1936 THE SUPREME COURT
DECLARED PHYSICAL COERCION
UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
POLICE DEPARTMENT HAD TO ADOPT
NEW TECHNIQUES AND IT SAYS
SOMETHING FOR THEIR EARLY
ATTEMPTS TO DO THIS FEATURED
SOME PRETTY BASIC INSTRUCTIONS
LIKE IN THIS FILM FROM THE TEXAS
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY.
>> LOOKED THE SUSPECT IN THE
EYES TO OBSERVE EYE MOVEMENTS
AND PHYSICAL CHANGES THAT MIGHT
INDICATE DECEPTION.
IF YOU CAN'T LOOK HIM IN THE
EYES, WATCH AN IMAGINARY X ON
THE FOREHEAD OR NOSE.
IT'S THE SAME EFFECT.
ONCE DECEPTION IS DETECTED YOU
KNOW YOU'RE ON THE RIGHT TRACK.
>> John: OKAY, HOLD ON.
WAS DRYING THE X REALLY
NECESSARY?
THAT THEIR OFFICERS WOULD KNOW
HOW TO LOOK AT HER FOR HEAD
WITHOUT VISUAL REPRESENTATION?
IF THEY CANNOT SPOT BEFORE HEAD,
MAYBE THEY SHOULDN'T BE TRUSTED
TO SPOT A CRIMINAL.
ONE APPROACH BECAME THE
STANDARD, THE REID TECHNIQUE
NAMED HER ONE OF ITS CREATORS
JOHNNY REED, FORMER SHOULD CHICO
POLICE OFFICER.
HE FORMED THE TRAINING FIRM.
IT'S INFLUENCED NEARLY NEVER
1 OF THOSE THINGS THAT COMES
WITH BEING A COP, THEIR FONDNESS
FOR DOUGHNUTS OR COMPLICITY IN
THE PERPETUATION OF
STATE-SPONSORED VIOLENCE.
WHEN IT COMES TO QUESTIONING
SUSPECTS THERE ARE TWO MAJOR
PHASES TO THE REID TECHNIQUE,
THE INTERVIEW WHERE YOU
DETERMINE WHETHER SOMEONE IS A
SUSPECT AND THE INTERROGATION
WHERE YOU TRY TO GET THEM TO
CONFESS.
IN THE INTERVIEW STAGE, THE GOAL
IS TO GAUGE HOW TRUTHFUL THE
ANSWERS ARE GETTING ARE.
THE APPROACH IS SIMILAR TO A
LIE DETECTOR TEST.
YOU START WITH SOME BASIC
QUESTIONS TO SET A BASELINE AND
THEN MOVED TO THE SO-CALLED
BEHAVIOR PROVOKING QUESTIONS
WHEN YOU ANALYZE THE SUSPECTS
VERBAL AND CRUCIALLY NONVERBAL
BEHAVIOR.
THIS RETRAINING FILM EXPLAINS
HOW BARRIER POSTURES LIKE
CROSSING YOUR ARMS ARE ASSIGNED
THE AIRLINE.
>> THE NEXT TWO ILLUSTRATIONS
WE'RE GOING TO SEE, EACH SUBJECT
MOVES INTO A BARRIER POSTURE
AFTER THEY WERE ASKED THE
CRITICAL QUESTION.
>> WHY DO YOU THINK BOB SAID HE
SAW YOU SELLING MARIJUANA?
>> COME ON.
HOW SHOULD I KNOW?
WHO KNOWS WHY PEOPLE SAY THINGS.
I SURE DON'T.
>> HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT
SEXUALLY TOUCHING A CHILD.
>> NO, NOT SERIOUSLY.
>> John: HOLD ON.
LET'S ACKNOWLEDGE THOSE ARE
CLEARLY COMMUNITY THEATER ACTORS
TRYING THEIR HARDEST TO CONVEY
GUILT AND WE SHOULD GIVE THE
FIRST ACTRESS FLOWERS BECAUSE
SHE SHOWED UP TO THAT GIG READY
TO WORK.
AS FOR THIS GUY, HE TOOK A
PRETTY SPOT ON KEVIN SPACEY
IMPRESSION BETWEEN THE FACIAL
RESEMBLANCE, THE HAIRCUT AND THE
DENIALS OF ATTRACTION TO
CHILDREN.
HE IS REALLY NAILING IT AND I
KNOW THAT LOOKS DATED BUT IT'S
IN USE AND THAT VIDEO IS
AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE.
IT WAS $100 AND IT WAS NOT
REMOTELY WORTH IT.
BUT THERE'S A BIG ISSUE WITH
RELYING ON THAT SORT OF
BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS BECAUSE
WHILE REID CLAIMS INVESTIGATORS
TRAINED IN THEIR TECHNIQUE HAVE
SHOWN AN AVERAGE ACCURACY OF 83%
AND IDENTIFYING DECEPTIVE
SUBJECTS, THE TRUTH IS MUCH LESS
IMPRESSIVE IS THIS RETIRED
HOMICIDE INVESTOR EXPLAINS.
>> THE REID PEOPLE ADMIT IT'S
NOT BASED ON ANY SCIENCE
WHATSOEVER, IT'S BASED ON THEIR
OWN OBSERVATIONS.
THE REAL SCIENCE SAYS IT'S
BALONEY.
IT DOESN'T WORK.
AND WHEN THEY HAVE DONE
EXPERIMENTS WITH IT, THEY PRETTY
MUCH SHOW THAT THE ACCURACY IS
LIKE FLIPPING A COIN.
IT'S 50/50.
>> John: RIGHT.
IT'S BASICALLY CHANCE.
AROUND THE SAME ACCURACY IS A
BUZZFEED QUIZ.
ALSO 17 QUESTIONS -- ANSWER 17
QUESTIONS.
WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU TALKING
ABOUT, BUZZFEED?
I HAVE TO TELL YOU, REID AND
ASSOCIATES WILL INSIST.
INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE IS PART OF
AN OVERALL APPROACH THAT WORKS
IF YOU JUST FOLLOW ALL THE
INSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR 400 PAGE
MANUAL TO THE LETTER BUT THIS
THING IS SO FULL OF CAVEATS AND
OUTRIGHT CONTRADICTIONS YOU CAN
FIND SUPPORT IN IT WITH NEARLY
ANY CONCLUSION THAT YOU WANT TO
REACH.
WHEN IT COMES TO MY CONTACT, IT
ADVISES THAT WHEN A PERSON IS
BEING LESS THAN HONEST HE MAY
NOT MAINTAIN DIRECT EYE CONTACT
BUT ALSO OTHERS MAY
OVERCOMPENSATE BY STARING
MEANING IF YOU HAVE IDEAS,
YOU'RE BASICALLY FUCKED AND I'M
NOT SAYING THAT REID IS THE ONLY
PROBLEM.
THERE'S A WHOLE INDUSTRY OF
CONSULTANTS WHO SUPPOSEDLY TRAIN
COPS TO SPOT LIARS BUT IT'S ALL
BULLSHIT.
BEHAVIORAL CUES ARE SIMPLY NOT
RELIABLE INDICATORS OF DECEPTION
WHICH DOES MAKE SENSE.
PEOPLE MOVE THEIR BODIES IN ALL
SORTS OF WAYS WHEN THEY ARE
TELLING THE TRUTH OR NOT.
THE ONLY TRULY HONEST BODY
MOVEMENT HUMANS ARE CAPABLE OF
IS WHEN SOMEONE ACCIDENTALLY
WALKS THROUGH A SPIDER WEB.
THAT'S IT.
THEN AND ONLY THEN ARE YOUR
GESTURES COMPLETELY TRUTHFUL AND
VOID OF --
FUCKING SHIT.
THANKS TO THE JUNK SCIENCE
POLICE CAN ASSURE THEMSELVES OF
THEIR OWN CERTAINTIES AND IF
THEY HAVE DECIDED YOU'RE GUILTY,
YOU'RE IN BIG TROUBLE BECAUSE
THAT'S WHEN THE INTERROGATION
BEGINS AND WHILE THEY WILL SAY
THEY ARE LOOKING FOR THE TRUTH,
REID TRAINS OFFICERS TO STEER
THE CONVERSATION AWAY FROM
ANYTHING THAT'S NOT A
CONFESSION.
>> MANY GUILTY PEOPLE INTRODUCE
THEIR DENIALS WITH PERMISSION
PHRASES SUCH AS CAN I SAY ONE
THING?
WHICH IS -- WOULD YOU LISTEN TO
ME?
IF I CAN ONLY EXPLAIN.
WHEN THE INTERROGATOR HEARS
THOSE PHRASE IT'S IMPORTANT TO
INTERJECT YOURSELF AND STOP A
PERSON FROM CONTINUING BECAUSE
IF YOU LET HIM TALK, THEY WILL
SEE THE WORDS "I DIDN'T DO IT."
THE MORE OFTEN A PERSON SAYS
THEY DIDN'T DO IT, THE MORE
DIFFICULT IT BECOMES FOR US TO
GET A CONFESSION.
>> John: OH, YES, THE TELLTALE
SIGNS OF GUILT.
WOULD YOU PLEASE LISTEN TO ME?
CAN I EXPLAIN?
AND I'M TELLING YOU I DIDN'T DO
IT.
IF AN INVESTIGATOR IS TRYING TO
GET YOU TO CONFESS, THEY CAN
GRIND YOU DOWN.
INTERROGATIONS CAN LAST FROM A
COUPLE HOURS TO DOUBLE DIGITS.
ONE STUDY OF FALSE CONFESSIONS
FOUND THEY CAME AFTER AN AVERAGE
OF 16.3 HOURS OF QUESTIONING
WHICH CAN BE UTTERLY EXHAUSTING.
INNOCENT PEOPLE CAN WIND UP
CONFESSING JUST TO ESCAPE THE
STRESS OF THAT SITUATION.
THAT WAS THE CASE WITH ROBERT
DAVIS WHO WAS SUSPECTED OF
DOUBLE MURDER AND INTERROGATED
FOR OVER FIVE HOURS.
>> TO GET ME OUT OF THIS.
WILL I GO HOME?
>> I CAN'T PROMISE YOU.
YOU WORK WITH ME AND I'LL DO
EVERYTHING I CAN THAT WE CAN
MAYBE GET YOU HOME CARE ROBERT.
SINCE YOU'RE NOT GOING TO TELL
ME.
YOU STABBED THAT WOMAN.
YOU STABBED HER, DIDN'T YOU?
>> DO YOU THINK BY ME TELLING
YOU THIS I CAN GET HOME TODAY.
WHY AM I LYING ABOUT THIS JUST
SO I CAN GO HOME?
I AM LYING TO YOU.
>> John: YEAH, HE LIED ABOUT
STABBING SOMEONE AND THEN
IMMEDIATELY ADMITTED HE LIED BUT
BY THAT POINT IT WAS TOO LATE.
HE WENT TO PRISON FOR 13 YEARS
BEFORE BEING EXONERATED.
THE NOTION THAT PEOPLE CRACK
UNDER PRESSURE AND FALSELY
CONFESS REALLY SHOULDN'T BE THAT
HARD TO UNDERSTAND.
IT'S A CONCEPT THAT EVEN
CHILDREN'S CARTOONS GET BECAUSE
REMEMBER THAT "MY LITTLE PONY"
SCENE?
THIS IS HOW IT CONTINUED.
>> NO, NO, NO, NO!
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO HEAR?
TELL ME WHAT YOU WANT ME TO SAY
AND I'LL SAY IT.
>> John: TELL ME WHAT YOU WANT
ME TO SAY AND I'LL SAY IT.
I KIDNAPPED THE LINDBERGH BABY.
IS THAT WHAT YOU WANT TO HEAR,
YOU PINK PSYCHO?
PEOPLE MIGHT ASSUME THAT EVEN IF
THEY FALSELY CONFESS THEY CAN
LATER RECANT IN THE REAL
EVIDENCE WILL PREVAIL AND CLEAR
THEM BUT THAT'S ACTUALLY VERY
UNLIKELY BECAUSE AS SOON AS THE
POLICE GET A CONFESSION,
THOROUGH INVESTIGATIONS TIME TO
STOP AT THIS POINT GOING TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION YOU MAY HAVE
HAD FOR A WHILE NOW.
WHY DON'T PEOPLE JUST INVOKE
THEIR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO AN
ATTORNEY?
THE TRUTH IS APPROXIMATELY 80%
WAY OF THEIR MIRANDA RIGHTS AND
WILLINGLY SUBMIT TO A POLICE
INTERROGATION FOR A NUMBER OF
UNDERSTANDABLE REASONS.
SOMETIMES PEOPLE THINK I DON'T
NEED A LAWYER.
I DIDN'T DO ANYTHING.
OR THEY BELIEVE THEIR ONLY BEING
BROUGHT IN AS A WITNESS AND NOT
A SUSPECT.
HAVING A LAWYER MAKES YOU
INCREDIBLY VULNERABLE -- NOT
HAVING A LAWYER.
A LAWYER MICHAEL YOU INTO AN
ABSOLUTELY INSANE POWER THE
POLICE IN AMERICA HAVE BEEN
GIVEN BY THE SERENE CARD.
>> A DETECTIVE CAN LEGALLY LIE
ABOUT THE EVIDENCE TO A SUSPECT.
IT IS LAWFUL FOR DETECTIVE TO
TURN TO A SUSPECT AND SAY YOU
DIDN'T DO THIS BUT WE HAVE GOT
YOUR FINGERPRINTS ON THE MURDER
WEAPON.
OR WE HAVE A VICTIM WHO HAD HAIR
IN HER GRASP AND WE TESTED THE
HAIR.
IT'S YOURS.
OR THE SHOE PRINTS WE FOUND AT
THE SCENE ARE YOURS OR THE
POLYGRAPH YOU WANTED TO TAKE,
YOU FAILED IT.
>> John: IT'S TRUE.
THE POLICE IN THIS COUNTRY CAN
FLAT OUT LIE TO YOU TO MAKE YOU
THINK YOU HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO
CONFESS AND SOME OF THE LIES
THEY TELL ARE SIMPLY RIDICULOUS.
AN INVESTIGATOR IN FLORIDA TOLD
A SUSPECT THEY HAD A LASER, THE
KIND THAT YOU SHOOT ON
"STAR WARS" AND THEY COULD LIFT
FINGERPRINTS.
TECHNOLOGY THAT DOES NOT EXIST.
BUT I'M PRETTY SURE WE ARE ONE
BAD PITCH MEETING AWAY FROM THE
"STAR WARS" LASER GETTING ITS
OWN TEN EPISODE SERIES ON DISNEY
PLUS.
ALLOWING THE POLICE TO LYING TO
SUSPECTS IS CRAZY.
MOST COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW IT
AND FOR GOOD REASON.
IT IS FAR TOO POWERFUL A TOOL.
ROBERT DAVIS.
IT MIGHT STILL BE HARD FOR YOU
TO IMAGINE WHAT HE CONFESSED TO
DOING SOMETHING THAT HE DIDN'T
DO BUT LOOK AT WHAT THE
INTERROGATOR WAS CLAIMING IN
THAT ROOM.
>> [INDISTINCT]
>> IF YOU DON'T TALK TO ME, I
CAN'T KEEP YOU FROM THE WORST.
YOU WERE THERE.
IT SHOWS YOU WHERE THERE.
THE EVIDENCE SHOWS IT.
I CAN'T LIE ABOUT THE EVIDENCE.
>> John: I CAN'T LIE ABOUT THE
EVIDENCE?
HE LIED AS HE LIED ABOUT THE
EVIDENCE AND DID IT GESTURING
WITH ALL THE THEATRICAL NUANCE
OF A HIGH SCHOOLER AUDITIONING
FOR "A FEW GOOD MEN."
THE OVERWHELMING PRESSURE OF A
POLICE INTERROGATION COUPLED
WITH THEIR ABILITY TO INVENT
EVIDENCE CAN ACTUALLY MAKE
QUESTION THEIR OWN MEMORIES.
THAT HAPPENED WITH CHRISTOPHER
TAPP WHO SERVED 20 YEARS IN
PRISON FOR A MURDER HE DID NOT
COMMIT AND WAS HEAVILY
MANIPULATED DURING HIS
INTERROGATION.
>> I WASN'T THERE.
>> THE POLICE TOLD ME A FEW
TIMES IF THERE WAS SOMETHING
THAT HORRIFIC, YOU WOULD
DEFINITELY HIDE IT AND IT WOULD
GO IN YOUR SUBCONSCIOUS.
>> IT'S LIKE ME.
THE STUFF THAT WE SEE OUT ON THE
STREETS, MY MIND SHUTS DOWN ON
ME BECAUSE I DON'T WANT TO
REMEMBER IT.
>> I STARTED SECOND-GUESSING
MYSELF DURING ALL OF THIS.
I STARTED TO NOT BELIEVE IN
MYSELF OR WHO I WAS.
>> I DON'T KNOW.
RIGHT NOW EVERYTHING I'VE BEEN
SAYING, WHAT I THINK IS RIGHT IN
MY HEAD, IT'S BEEN WRONG.
>> John: THAT IS TERRIBLE AND
IT'S MORE THAN A LITTLE
INFURIATING HOW THAT
INVESTIGATOR CONVINCES HIM OF
DOUBTING HIS OWN MEMORY BY
MAKING IT SEEM LIKE IT HAPPENS
ALL THE TIME.
YOU HAVE TO EXPECT THEM TO SAY
YOU KNOW HOW YOU CAN REMEMBER
THAT IT WAS BERNSTEIN BEARS OR
BERNSTEIN BEARS OR IF SHAQ WAS
IN A MOVIE OR MAYBE IT WAS
SINBAD.
THAT'S WHAT YOUR BRAIN IS DOING
RIGHT NOW BUT WITH MURDER.
BRAINS ARE WEIRD.
THESE TACTICS ARE INCREDIBLY
MANIPULATIVE AND THEY WORK
ESPECIALLY WELL ON CERTAIN
PEOPLE.
RESEARCH SHOWS FALSE CONVERTERS
WERE A FACTOR IN 34% OF CASES IY
CONVICTED AND 69% OF CASES IN
WHICH PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS
OR INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
WERE LATER EXONERATED AND
LOOKED, THERE ARE SOME LIMITS ON
WHAT POLICE CAN DO.
SOME JUDGES WON'T ALLOW A
CONFESSION OF THE POLICE PROMISE
LENIENCY IN EXCHANGE FOR IT BUT
MANY COPS WALK RIGHT UP TO THAT
LINE BY SUGGESTING A CONFESSION
MIGHT USE PRISON TIME OR SPARE
YOU THE DEATH PENALTY.
YOU SAW THAT HAPPEN WITH ROBERT
DAVIS WHEN AN OFFICER TOLD HIM
HE COULD KEEP HIM FROM THE
WORST.
ALSO POLICE ARE TOLD NOT TO FEED
YOU INFORMATION ABOUT THE CRIME
THAT IS NOT PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
BECAUSE IT'S OBVIOUSLY FOR A
JURY TO HEAR THAT YOU KNEW
DETAILS ONLY THE GUILTY PARTY
WOULD KNOW BUT THAT HAPPENS ALL
THE TIME TOO.
EXONERATIONS, 94% OF FALSE
CONFESSIONS WERE CONTENDED BY
ALLEGEDLY INSIDE INFORMATION.
EVEN IF POLICE ENGAGE IN THESE
TACTICS, CRUCIALLY THE JURY MAY
ONLY SEE THE CONFESSION, NOT THE
INTERROGATION THAT LED UP TO IT,
ONLY 30 STATES REQUIRE THE
RECORDING OF INTERROGATIONS AT
ALL AND IN THE REST IT'S UP TO
THE POLICE WHO MIGHT ONLY RECORD
THE CONFESSION.
THAT'S IT.
YOU JUST CANNOT GET THE FULL
STORY FROM SEEING ONE SHORT
CLIP.
IMAGINE IF THE ONLY CLIP THAT
YOU HAD EVER SEEN OF THE SHOW
""ONE TREE HILL"" WAS THIS.
>> CALL EXTENSION.
DR. CASPER TO CPR.
NURSE HENDERSON.
>> John: DO YOU WANT TO KNOW
WHAT "ONE TREE HILL" IS ABOUT?
IT'S ABOUT A HIGH SCHOOL
BASKETBALL TEAM.
YOU'D HAVE NO WAY OF KNOWING
THAT FROM THAT CLIP.
ALL YOU WOULD KNOW WAS THAT
CONTAIN THE MOST PERFECT 20
SECONDS OF TELEVISION THAT HAS
EVER EXISTED.
THE PROBLEM WITH POLICE
INTERROGATIONS RIGHT NOW IS THE
SAME PROBLEM WE HAVE WITH
POLICING AT LARGE.
THEY ARE BULLDOZED TO ACT
HOWEVER THEY WOULD LIKE IN A
SYSTEM WHERE THEY HOLD AN UNDUE
AMOUNT OF POWER WITH VERY FEW
PROTECTIONS FOR CIVILIANS
ESPECIALLY THE MOST VULNERABLE
BECAUSE THEY CAN BE LITTLE TO NO
CONSEQUENCES FOR EXTRACTING A
FULL CONFESSION.
LISTEN TO THIS MAN, A
19-YEAR-OLD FORMER SPECIAL
EDUCATION STUDENT.
AT THE TIME OF HIS ARREST FOR
RAPING AND MURDERING A WOMAN.
INTERROGATING OVER FOUR DAYS AND
TWO POLYGRAPHS, HE CONFESSED
UNDER PRESSURE AND SPENT NEARLY
20 YEARS IN PRISON UNTIL FINALLY
BEING EXONERATED BY DNA.
>> ALL OF THE OFFICERS THAT
WORKED ON MY CASE, THE OF ALL
RETIRED WITH A PENSION, A FULL
PENSION, NO REPERCUSSION, NO
RETRIBUTION, NO CRIMINAL
CHARGES.
NOTHING.
THEY EXCEEDED IN THEIR JOB.
THEY RETIRED AS CAPTAINS,
MAJORS, LIEUTENANTS.
THEY GAVE HIM A PLAQUE FOR A
GOOD JOB.
>> John: THAT IS MADDENING.
THAT STATE ATTORNEY CERTAINLY
DOESN'T DESERVE A GOOD JOB
PLAQUE UNLESS IT CAME WITH
ANOTHER THAT READ "AT FUCKING UP
INNOCENT PEOPLE'S LIVES, YOUR
MONUMENTAL ASSHOLE."
PEOPLE WHO WERE EXONERATED, MANY
ARE INCARCERATED FIGHTING
CONVICTIONS THAT HAVE EVERY
HALLMARK OF A FALSE CONFESSION
LIKE BRANDON DESSIE WHO WAS 16
WHEN HE CONFESSED TO A MURDER HE
COULD NOT DESCRIBE.
MELISSA, WHOSE INCREDIBLY
MANIPULATIVE INTERROGATION WE
FEATURED IN OUR WRONGFUL
CONVICTIONS BEESON WAS SENT TO
BE EXECUTED IN TEN DAYS.
WHAT CAN WE DO.
WE SHOULD REQUIRE ALL
INTERROGATIONS BE RECORDED IN
THEIR ENTIRETY SURGERIES HAVE
THE FULL CONTEXT OF WHAT
HAPPENED IN THAT ROOM.
WE SHOULD ALSO MAKE IT ILLEGAL
FOR POLICE TO LIE TO SUSPECTS
BECAUSE IT IS MADNESS THEY ARE
CURRENTLY ALLOWED TO DO THAT.
THERE'S ACTUALLY A GROWING
MOVEMENT FOR SUMMARY FORM.
THESE THREE STATES HAVE BANNED
POLICE FROM LYING TO JUVENILE
SUSPECTS.
NEW YORK HAS INTRODUCED
LEGISLATION WOULD BAN LYING TO
ALL SUSPECTS AND REQUIRE THE
RELIABILITY OF EVIDENCE BEFORE
ALLOWED TO BE USED.
IT SHOULD BE ADOPTED EVERYWHERE.
IF YOU'RE THINKING HOLD ON, HOW
WILL INVESTIGATORS GET GUILTY
PEOPLE TO CONFESS IF THEY CAN'T
INTIMIDATE OR LIED TO THEM?
NOT TO BE A TOTAL BITCH BUT
THEIR JOB IS LITERALLY TO
INVESTIGATE SOME OF IT THEY CAN
DO SOME OF THAT.
YOU CAN PRODUCTIVELY INTERROGATE
SOMEONE WITHOUT LYING TO THEM.
THE U.K.'S AT SOMETHING LIKE THE
PIECE METHOD WHERE THEY ASK
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS AND LET THE
SUSPECT GIVE THEIR OWN
ACCOUNT AND I'M NOT SAYING THAT
SYSTEM IS PERFECT.
IT CLEARLY ISN'T, AMONG OTHER
THINGS THEY STILL HAVEN'T GOTTEN
THE QUEEN TO CONFESS TO KILLING
DIANA ON CAMERA BUT IT'S AT
LEAST A START.
IN THE MEANTIME, THERE'S
ACTUALLY A LOT OF CULTURAL
CONDITIONING REGARDING POLICE
INTERROGATIONS THAT WE NEED TO
START UNDOING BECAUSE THINK
ABOUT IT.
HOW MANY DRAMAS HAVE YOU SEEN ON
TV WHERE ROUGHING UP THE BAD GUY
LED TO SOLVING THE CRIME.
HOW MANY SHOWS HAVE THERE BEEN
WHERE THE BAD GUY SEEMED GUILTY
AND THE OFFICERS GUT FEELING WAS
CONFIRMED BY THE END OF THE
EPISODE?
OUR MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT POLICE
INTERROGATIONS HAVE BEEN
HAMMERED IN BY CRIME DRAMAS AND
THEY BEEN HAMMERED IN DEEP.
PERHAPS ONE SMALL WAY TO HELP
UNDO THAT DAMAGE IS FOR SHOWS TO
PRESENT A SLIGHTLY MORE ACCURATE
PICTURE OF WHAT CAN REALLY
HAPPEN IN THAT ROOM.
>> THIS FALL, MEET TWO TOUGH
COPS, EXPERT INTERROGATORS.
>> KNOCK-KNOCK.
>> WHO WON'T TAKE NO FOR AN
ANSWER.
>> YOU SON OF A BITCH.
YOU GUILTY.
YOU DIRTY RAT BASTARD.
>> THE MURDER IN THE ALLEY.
>> I DIDN'T DO IT.
>> THEY ARE HIGHLY TRAINED.
>> YOU ARE LYING.
>> NO, I'M NOT.
>> LOOKED AWAY.
THAT'S LYING.
>> YOU ARE STARING.
THAT IS LYING.
MORE LIES.
>> INCREDIBLY SKILLED.
>> WHAT ARE YOU DOING?
>> MAKING EYE CONTACT.
>> ARE YOU LOOKING AT MY
FOREHEAD?
>> NO.
>> THEY'LL SAY ANYTHING TO GET
WHAT THEY NEED.
>> HAVE YOU SEEN ROMA ONE?
>> "STAR WARS" MOVIE?
>> "STAR WARS" FILM.
>> YOU'RE PROBABLY FAMILIAR WITH
LIGHTSABERS.
PROBABLY LESS FAMILIAR WITH THE
FACT THAT WE HAVE THEM AND THEY
CAN PULL DNA FROM A DEAD BODY
WITH A SINGLE...
I CANNOT LIE ABOUT THIS.
>> IT'S TRUE.
HE CAN'T LIE ABOUT IT.
>> AND I MEAN ANYTHING.
>> YOU EVER GET TO WORK AND NOT
REMEMBER ANY OF YOUR COMMUTE?
MAYBE IT WAS LIKE THAT.
IT WAS MURDER.
>> IS THIS DRESS BLACK AND BLUE
OR GOLD AND WHITE?
SPEAKER YOU'VE GOT TWO CHOICES.
CONFESS TO ONE COUNT OF MURDER
TWO OR TWO COUNTS OF MURDER ONE.
>> YOU'VE GOT TO HELP US HELP
YOU.
HELP US HELP YOU HELP US CONVICT
YOU.
>> SAYS WHAT?
>> WHAT?
>> OH, NO.
ARE YOU ALLERGIC TO YOUR OWN
VICTIM?
>> DID YOU JUST BLOW A DEAD BODY
ON A QUESTION MY >> I'VE GOT
EVIDENCE COMING OUT OF EVERY
HOLE OF MY BODY.
>> THAT CAN'T BE THE ONLY CHOICE
IS.
>> ONE COUNT OF MURDER!
>> TWO CHOICES!
>> I.C.E.
I SEE.
I CAN'T TAKE MUCH MORE OF THIS.
>> IF YOU HELP ME OUT A LITTLE
BIT I CAN MAKE SURE YOU GET TO
SLEEP IN YOUR OWN BED TONIGHT.
>> FINE.
I DID IT.
>> YES!
ACE IN THE HOLE.
>> SORRY ABOUT THE DELAY.
HERE IS YOUR PERP.
>> WE DON'T NEED ANYMORE
SUSPECTS.
WHEN YOU BROUGHT US YESTERDAY
JUST CONFESSED.
>> THIS WAS THE GUY YOU WERE
SUPPOSED TO INTERROGATE
YESTERDAY.
>> WHO IS THIS?
>> I JUST CAME IN TO CHARGE MY
PHONE.
[LAUGHTER]
>> THAT'S PERFECT.
>> LOOK AT THAT.
>> YOU ARE STILL GOING TO JAIL.
[LAUGHTER]
>> MY PLEASURE.
>> HIS PHONE BATTERY DIES AND HE
GOES TO PRISON.
>> GOING TO CHARGE MY PHONE IN
THE INTERROGATION ROOM.
[LAUGHTER]
>> WHO DOES THAT?
DON'T FORGET YOUR PHONE.
>> THE CONFESS-TIGATORS.
>> John: THAT'S OUR SHOW.
THANKS SO MUCH FOR WATCHING.
WE ARE OFF NEXT WEEK.
GOOD NIGHT.
>> U-I-L-TY.
>> ARE YOU CALLING THE VICTIM A
LIAR?
>> THAT NEVER HAPPENS.