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♪ ♪

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♪ ♪

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♪ ♪

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>> John: HI THERE, WELCOME TO

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THE SHOW, WE'RE BACK, STILL FROM

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THIS BLANK VOID.

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ON THAT POINT, I HAVE A BIT OF

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AN UPDATE.

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LOOKS LIKE, ALL BEING WELL, WE

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ARE SET TO BE BACK IN OUR STUDIO

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IN SEPTEMBER, MEANING THAT THE

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NEXT FIVE SHOWS ARE ACTUALLY

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GOING TO BE THE LAST THAT WE DO

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THERE IN THE VOID.

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>> HOLY SHIT, THANK GOD.

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>> John: EXCUSE ME?

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>> YOU HEARD ME.

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>> I'M SORRY, YOU CAN TALK?

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>> OF COURSE I CAN TALK, JOHN.

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I CAN ALSO CRY, WHICH, YOU KNOW,

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I'M NOT AFRAID TO CRY.

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I CAN SING PRETTY WELL,

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ACTUALLY.

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>> John: NICE.

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>> ALSO, I CAN LAUGH.

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VOID LOVES TO LAUGH.

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>> John: I'M SORRY, YOU CAN

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LAUGH?

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REALLY?

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I'VE BEEN STUCK HERE

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FOR NEARLY A YEAR AND A HALF

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TELLING JOKES AND I HAVEN'T

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HEARD YOU LAUGH ONCE.

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NOT ONE TIME.

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>> WELL, THAT'S BECAUSE YOU

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HAVEN'T REALLY GIVEN ME A REASON

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TO, AND I DIDN'T CONSIDER ANY OF

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THOSE JOKES.

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>> John: THAT IS A MEAN THING TO

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SAY.

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>> I'M GOING TO GET THIS OFF MY

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CHEST.

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I DON'T MEAN TO BE RUDE.

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BUT YOU KNOW WHAT?

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>> John: WHAT?

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>> IT'S GOING TO BE REALLY GOOD

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TO BE JUST A VOID AGAIN WITHOUT

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YOU IN IT, WHICH IS A PRETTY

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SHOCKING DECLARATION WHEN YOU

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SAY THAT A VOID WOULD RATHER BE

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JUST A VOID WITH NOTHING IN IT

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BECAUSE OF YOU.

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>> John: LOOK, CAN I JUST START

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MY SHOW NOW PLEASE?

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>> GO AHEAD, I MEAN, IF YOU

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WANT.

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OR DON'T.

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IT REALLY DOESN'T MATTER TO ME

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EITHER WAY.

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HAS IT BEEN A BUSY WEEK, JOHN?

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>> John: YES, IT HAS.

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IT HAS, ACTUALLY.

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>> [GROANS]

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SO AGGRAVATING.

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>> John: ALL RIGHT.

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>> JUST PRETEND I'M NOT HERE.

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>> John: I WILL.

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>> I WILL REMAIN SILENT.

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BECAUSE I WON'T BE LAUGHING.

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>> John: THAT IS UNDERSTOOD.

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IT HAS BEEN A BUSY WEEK.

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VERY BUSY.

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I'M READY, THE OLYMPICS OPENING

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CEREMONY FINALLY TOOK PLACE IN

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TOKYO.

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A YEAR LATE AND STILL UNDER

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SIGNIFICANT CLOUD.

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>> THIS MORNING, OFFICIALS IN

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TOKYO REVEALING THAT COVID CASES

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HAVE INCREASED 155% IN THE PAST

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SEVEN DAYS.

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>> TONIGHT, COVID-19 DEFEATING

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SOME OLYMPIC ATHLETES BEFORE

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THEY'VE EVEN HAD A CHANCE TO

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COMPETE.

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ACCORDING TO THE IOC, MORE THAN

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60 PEOPLE IN THE OLYMPIC BUBBLE

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HAVE TESTED POSITIVE FOR THE

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VIRUS.

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>> John: AND THE TRUTH IS, IT'S

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GOTTEN EVEN WORSE, BECAUSE AS OF

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SATURDAY THE CURRENT TOTAL OF

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OLYMPICS-RELATED COVID CASES IS

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UP TO 127.

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WHICH REALLY SHOULDN'T BE

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SURPRISING.

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THE EVENT WHOSE CENTRAL PREMISE

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IS BASICALLY, "WHAT IF A BUNCH

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OF HOT PEOPLE TRAVELED FROM ALL

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OVER THE WORLD TO SWEAT,

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BREATHE, AND FUCK ON EACH OTHER"

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TURNS OUT TO BE GOING EXACTLY AS

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YOU'D EXPECT IT TO DURING A

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PANDEMIC.

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AND I WILL SAY, TOKYO IS BY NO

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MEANS ALONE IN MAKING A VERY

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BOLD MOVE IN THE FACE OF THE

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SPREAD OF THE DELTA VARIANT.

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IN THE U.K., MONDAY MARKED

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SO-CALLED FREEDOM DAY, WITH THE

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LIFTING OF ALMOST ALL

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VIRUS-RELATED RESTRICTIONS, EVEN

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THOUGH COVID CASES HAVE RECENTLY

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SPIKED TO THE HIGHEST LEVELS

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THERE SINCE JANUARY.

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BORIS JOHNSON HAS FACED

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SIGNIFICANT CRITICISM ABOUT THIS

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DECISION AND HAS CHOSEN TO

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JUSTIFY IT LIKE THIS:

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>> IF WE DON'T DO IT NOW, WE'VE

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GOT TO ASK OURSELVES, WHEN WILL

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WE EVER DO IT?

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>> John: OH, I CAN ANSWER THAT

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FOR YOU: LATER.

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JUST, A LATER TIME.

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IT'S SO BRAZENLY DISINGENUOUS TO

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FRAME THIS AS A CHOICE BETWEEN

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LIFTING COVID RESTRICTIONS NOW

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OR NEVER DOING IT.

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IT'S THE EQUIVALENT OF SOMEONE

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SAYING, "IF I DON'T TAKE A SHIT

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NOW IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS APPLE

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STORE, WHEN WILL I EVER TAKE A

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SHIT?"

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I DON'T KNOW EXACTLY, BUT I FEEL

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LIKE THERE ARE A LOT OF OTHER

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OPTIONS AVAILABLE THAT YOU'RE

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CHOOSING NOT TO CONSIDER.

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AND IF YOU'RE WONDERING, "WHY

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DOES BORIS JOHNSON LOOK LIKE

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HE'S HIRED AN IMPERSONATOR OF

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HIMSELF TO DELIVER THIS MESSAGE

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VIA CAMEO?"

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WELL, IT'S BECAUSE HE WAS

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SELF-ISOLATING AFTER BEING

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EXPOSED TO SOMEONE WHO CAUGHT

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COVID.

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SPECIFICALLY, HIS HEALTH

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MINISTER.

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WHICH IS NOT AN IDEAL WAY TO

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REASSURE PEOPLE THAT "NOW IS THE

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RIGHT TIME TO OPEN UP."

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AND EVEN SOME OF THE BRITISH

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PEOPLE CELEBRATING "FREEDOM DAY"

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SEEMED TO UNDERSTAND THEY WERE

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DANCING ON A KNIFE'S EDGE.

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>> I WANT TO DANCE, I WANT TO

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HEAR LIVE MUSIC.

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>> YES!

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IT FEELS LIKE FREEDOM DAY, IT

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REALLY, REALLY DOES.

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>> IT'S NICE TO BE OUT, BUT LIKE

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AT THE END OF THE DAY, IT'S ALL

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GOING TO RESULT IN SOME SORT OF

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IMPENDING DOOM.

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>> John: YOU KNOW WHAT?

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I HAVE TO AGREE WITH CVS-BRAND

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NOEL GALLAGHER THERE.

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BECAUSE THAT SENTIMENT

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FUNDAMENTALLY SPEAKS TO THE

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BRITISH CHARACTER.

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SCREW "KEEP CALM AND CARRY ON."

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"IT'S ALL GOING TO RESULT IN

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SOME SORT OF IMPENDING DOOM"

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SHOULD BE BRITAIN'S NEW

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MOTIVATIONAL POSTER, BECAUSE

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THAT IS EXACTLY HOW I FEEL ABOUT

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EVERYTHING ALL THE TIME.

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EVEN HERE IN THE UNITED STATES,

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THERE IS CAUSE FOR REAL CONCERN

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AMID ALL THE OPTIMISM.

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THE DELTA VARIANT NOW ACCOUNTS

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FOR 83% OF KNOWN U.S. CASES AND

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IS CAUSING A RISE IN HOSPITAL

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ADMISSIONS, PARTICULARLY AMONG

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THE UNVACCINATED.

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AND YET DESPITE THE FACT THAT

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VACCINES ARE WIDELY AVAILABLE

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HERE, SOME -- EVEN THOSE

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HOSPITALIZED -- ARE STILL

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HESITANT.

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>> HERE I AM, RECOVERING,

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GETTING OUT OF HERE FINALLY

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TOMORROW.

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AM I GOING TO GET A VACCINE?

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NO.

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DON'T SHOVE IT DOWN MY THROAT.

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THAT'S WHAT'S LOCAL, STATE,

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FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION IS TRYING

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TO DO, IS SHOVE IT DOWN YOUR

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THROAT.

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>> WHAT ARE THEY SHOVING, THE

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SCIENCE?

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>> NO, THEY'RE SHOVING THE FACT

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THAT THAT'S THEIR AGENDA.

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THE AGENDA IS TO GET YOU

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VACCINATED.

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>> John: UH...

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YEAH.

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YEAH, ACTURALY, NAILED IT IN

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ONE.

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PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICIALS' AGENDA

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IS TO GET YOU VACCINATED.

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AND YOU KNOW WHAT COVID'S AGENDA

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IS?

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TO FUCKING KILL YOU.

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TO BURROW INTO YOUR BODY THROUGH

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YOUR HOT LITTLE MOUTH, FUCK

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AROUND WITH YOUR LUNGS, FLIP

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YOUR NOSTRILS OFF, MAKE SOUP

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TASTE MORE LIKE NOTHING THAN IT

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ALREADY DOES, AND THEN KILL YOU.

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SO FRANKLY, IF THE CHOICE IS

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BETWEEN AGENDA: DEATH OR

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AGENDA: SHOT THAT COMES WITH

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FREE KRISPY KREME DONUT, I THINK

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YOU SHOULD TAKE THE

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JIZZ-COVERED DOUGH HOOP

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WITH A SIDE OF ANTIBODIES.

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AND WHILE THAT'S CLEARLY

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INFURIATING, INDIVIDUALS LIKE

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THAT MAN ARE PRETTY MUCH

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UNREACHABLE AT THIS POINT, WHICH

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IS WHY IT'S SO IMPORTANT TO

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CONVINCE EVERYONE WHO MIGHT BE

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PERSUADABLE TO GET VACCINATED.

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BECAUSE IF THIS WEEK'S TAUGHT US

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ANYTHING, IT'S THAT COVID IS

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NOWHERE NEAR BEING ERADICATED

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AND THE BEST DEFENSE AGAINST IT

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IS BEING FUCKING VACCINATED.

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YES, THERE ARE BREAKTHROUGH

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CASES, BUT THE VACCINE IS DOING

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ITS JOB.

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MORE THAN 97% OF THOSE

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HOSPITALIZED FOR COVID IN THE

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U.S. ARE UNVACCINATED.

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SO RIGHT HERE WE NEED TO BE

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ENCOURAGING AS MANY AS POSSIBLE

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TO GET THEIR SHOTS, AND,

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CRUCIALLY, TO THEN SHARE OUR

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SURPLUS SUPPLY WITH COUNTRIES

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AROUND THE WORLD THAT

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DESPERATELY NEED THEM.

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BECAUSE -- IF I MAY QUOTE THE

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WORDS OF GEOFFREY RUSH AFTER A

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BAD BLEACH JOB -- "IF WE DON'T

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DO IT NOW, WHEN WILL WE EVER DO

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IT?"

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AND NOW THIS.

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>> Announcer: AND NOW, PEOPLE ON

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TV MEAN "FUCKING,"

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00:06:59,443 --> 00:07:02,943
OLYMPICS EDITION.

264
00:07:03,009 --> 00:07:04,643
>> THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE WAS

265
00:07:04,709 --> 00:07:05,909
FULL OF CARDBOARD BEDS, AND

266
00:07:05,976 --> 00:07:06,676
THE IDEA BEHIND IT, SUPPOSEDLY,

267
00:07:06,743 --> 00:07:07,409
WAS TO MAKE SURE THAT THESE

268
00:07:07,476 --> 00:07:08,276
ATHLETES WEREN'T GOING DOWN

269
00:07:08,343 --> 00:07:11,776
THERE DOING THE DO.

270
00:07:11,843 --> 00:07:11,976
♪ ♪

271
00:07:12,043 --> 00:07:13,009
>> IF YOU KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT

272
00:07:13,076 --> 00:07:13,943
THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE, YOU KNOW

273
00:07:14,043 --> 00:07:15,609
IT'S A HOTBED FOR...

274
00:07:15,676 --> 00:07:16,909
[WHISTLE]

275
00:07:16,976 --> 00:07:19,276
YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN?

276
00:07:19,343 --> 00:07:21,476
>> ATHLETES WILL BE PURSUING

277
00:07:21,543 --> 00:07:23,776
THEIR DREAMS, AND PERHAPS EACH

278
00:07:23,843 --> 00:07:32,209
OTHER, IF YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN.

279
00:07:32,276 --> 00:07:33,009
>> SOME EVEN SPECULATING

280
00:07:33,076 --> 00:07:34,309
THEY WERE MEANT TO PREVENT

281
00:07:34,376 --> 00:07:34,809
CERTAIN EXTRACURRICULAR

282
00:07:34,876 --> 00:07:38,009
ACTIVITIES, YOU WOULD SAY.

283
00:07:38,076 --> 00:07:38,943
>> DOES IT HAVE A BOX SPRING?

284
00:07:39,009 --> 00:07:39,776
>> NO, EXACTLY, THEY'RE GOING TO

285
00:07:39,843 --> 00:07:40,576
BE WALKING AROUND WITH SORE

286
00:07:40,643 --> 00:07:41,476
BACKS?

287
00:07:41,543 --> 00:07:42,443
>> I WOULD IMAGINE.

288
00:07:42,509 --> 00:07:44,709
>> TOO BUSY LOOKING AT THE

289
00:07:44,776 --> 00:07:45,876
GYMNAST JUMPING UP AND DOWN

290
00:07:45,943 --> 00:07:46,643
WITHOUT A SHIRT ON.

291
00:07:46,709 --> 00:07:47,643
>> [LAUGHS]

292
00:07:47,709 --> 00:07:49,243
>> I SEE WHERE YOU'RE GOING.

293
00:07:49,309 --> 00:07:50,143
>> YOU SAID YOUR HUSBAND IS OUT

294
00:07:50,209 --> 00:07:51,309
OF TOWN THIS WEEK.

295
00:07:51,376 --> 00:07:53,209
>> [LAUGHS]

296
00:07:53,276 --> 00:07:53,676
THIS IS HOW RUMORS GET

297
00:07:53,743 --> 00:07:56,609
STARTED.

298
00:07:56,676 --> 00:08:01,176
♪ ♪

299
00:08:01,243 --> 00:08:03,243
>> John: MOVING ON.

300
00:08:03,309 --> 00:08:04,343
OUR MAIN STORY TONIGHT CONCERNS

301
00:08:04,409 --> 00:08:05,576
LAND.

302
00:08:05,643 --> 00:08:06,676
SPECIFICALLY, THE HISTORY OF

303
00:08:06,743 --> 00:08:07,843
RACE AND LAND OWNERSHIP IN

304
00:08:07,909 --> 00:08:12,643
AMERICA.

305
00:08:12,709 --> 00:08:15,276
A HISTORY THAT HAS MANY

306
00:08:15,343 --> 00:08:17,643
HORRIFYING CHAPTERS -- PRETTY

307
00:08:17,709 --> 00:08:19,343
MUCH FROM CHAPTER ONE, WHEN

308
00:08:19,409 --> 00:08:21,709
AMERICA WAS "DISCOVERED" FROM

309
00:08:21,776 --> 00:08:22,609
UNDER OTHER PEOPLE'S FEET.

310
00:08:22,676 --> 00:08:23,409
SO MANY, IN FACT, THAT SOME HAVE

311
00:08:23,476 --> 00:08:24,043
NEARLY BEEN FORGOTTEN, LIKE THIS

312
00:08:24,109 --> 00:08:24,609
PIECE OF LOCAL HISTORY THAT

313
00:08:24,676 --> 00:08:25,109
RECENTLY MADE THE NEWS.

314
00:08:25,176 --> 00:08:25,776
>> IN MANHATTAN BEACH,

315
00:08:25,843 --> 00:08:27,643
CALIFORNIA, A HOUSE ON THE SAND

316
00:08:27,709 --> 00:08:29,243
CAN COST UP TO $20 MILLION, AND

317
00:08:29,309 --> 00:08:31,143
ANTHONY BRUCE'S FAMILY USED TO

318
00:08:31,209 --> 00:08:32,943
OWN TWO OCEANFRONT LOTS.

319
00:08:33,009 --> 00:08:34,976
>> I SHOULD BE A MILLIONAIRE

320
00:08:35,043 --> 00:08:35,976
STANDING HERE T -- TALKING TO

321
00:08:36,043 --> 00:08:37,009
YOU TODAY.

322
00:08:37,076 --> 00:08:39,876
>> MORE THAN 100 YEARS AGO, HIS

323
00:08:39,943 --> 00:08:41,709
GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS, WILLA

324
00:08:41,776 --> 00:08:42,943
AND CHARLES BRUCE, BOUGHT THE

325
00:08:43,009 --> 00:08:44,843
LAND FOR ABOUT $1,200.

326
00:08:44,909 --> 00:08:45,576
THEY BUILT A RESORT CALLED

327
00:08:45,643 --> 00:08:46,743
"BRUCE'S LODGE."

328
00:08:46,809 --> 00:08:48,776
>> THE KU KLUX KLAN WAS INVOLVED

329
00:08:48,843 --> 00:08:50,943
IN HARASSING THEM.

330
00:08:51,009 --> 00:08:53,109
>> THEY BURNED A CROSS RIGHT OUT

331
00:08:53,176 --> 00:08:53,309
HERE.

332
00:08:53,376 --> 00:08:54,443
>> AND WHEN THAT DIDN'T DRIVE

333
00:08:54,509 --> 00:08:56,443
THEM AWAY, THE CITY GOVERNMENT

334
00:08:56,509 --> 00:08:57,909
DECIDED TO TAKE THE PROPERTY

335
00:08:57,976 --> 00:08:59,309
UNDER THE GUISE OF EMINENT

336
00:08:59,376 --> 00:09:01,443
DOMAIN.

337
00:09:01,509 --> 00:09:02,876
>> John: WOW.

338
00:09:02,943 --> 00:09:04,109
SO WHEN THE CROSS BURNING DIDN'T

339
00:09:04,176 --> 00:09:05,609
DRIVE THE BRUCES OUT OF TOWN,

340
00:09:05,676 --> 00:09:06,876
THE CITY CALLED IN A LAWYER TO

341
00:09:06,943 --> 00:09:09,443
FINISH THE JOB.

342
00:09:09,509 --> 00:09:10,876
AND THAT TELLS YOU A LOT ABOUT

343
00:09:10,943 --> 00:09:12,076
HOW RACISM IN AMERICA WORKS.

344
00:09:12,143 --> 00:09:13,043
SURE, THE VIGILANTE RACISTS ARE

345
00:09:13,109 --> 00:09:15,709
SPOOKY.

346
00:09:15,776 --> 00:09:17,209
BUT YOU'VE REALLY GOTTA WORRY

347
00:09:17,276 --> 00:09:18,709
WHEN THE MOTHERFUCKERS WITH

348
00:09:18,776 --> 00:09:19,243
ADVANCED DEGREES SHOW UP.

349
00:09:19,309 --> 00:09:19,876
WHAT MANHATTAN BEACH DID TO THE

350
00:09:19,943 --> 00:09:20,509
BRUCE FAMILY WAS CLEARLY

351
00:09:20,576 --> 00:09:21,443
UNFORGIVABLE.

352
00:09:21,509 --> 00:09:22,443
AND TO ITS CREDIT, THE CITY

353
00:09:22,509 --> 00:09:23,276
SEEMS TO BE TRYING TO RECKON

354
00:09:23,343 --> 00:09:24,409
WITH HOW TO DEAL WITH WHAT

355
00:09:24,476 --> 00:09:26,309
HAPPENED.

356
00:09:26,376 --> 00:09:27,976
ALTHOUGH IT'S ALSO PLACING SOME

357
00:09:28,076 --> 00:09:28,543
PRETTY HARD LIMITS ON THAT

358
00:09:28,609 --> 00:09:30,443
RECKONING.

359
00:09:30,509 --> 00:09:31,876
>> THE COUNCIL DID AUTHORIZE

360
00:09:31,943 --> 00:09:34,009
SPENDING $350,000 ON ART TO

361
00:09:34,076 --> 00:09:36,109
COMMEMORATE THE FAMILY, AND THIS

362
00:09:36,176 --> 00:09:37,576
WEEK, VOTED TO ACKNOWLEDGE AND

363
00:09:37,643 --> 00:09:39,343
CONDEMN WHAT HAPPENED -- BUT

364
00:09:39,409 --> 00:09:41,376
CHOSE NOT TO OFFER AN OFFICIAL

365
00:09:41,443 --> 00:09:42,443
APOLOGY.

366
00:09:42,509 --> 00:09:43,409
>> IT'S AWFUL.

367
00:09:43,476 --> 00:09:44,509
IT'S WRONG.

368
00:09:44,576 --> 00:09:46,476
WE'RE NOT THAT COMMUNITY NOW.

369
00:09:46,543 --> 00:09:47,876
I WOULDN'T LIVE HERE IF WE WERE

370
00:09:47,943 --> 00:09:48,743
A RACIST COMMUNITY, AND MY

371
00:09:48,809 --> 00:09:49,876
FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS WOULD NOT

372
00:09:49,943 --> 00:09:51,076
LIVE HERE AS WELL.

373
00:09:51,143 --> 00:09:53,076
>> John: OKAY, COUPLE OF THINGS.

374
00:09:53,143 --> 00:09:54,443
FIRST: MANHATTAN BEACH'S

375
00:09:54,509 --> 00:09:56,943
POPULATION IS ONLY 0.5% BLACK,

376
00:09:57,009 --> 00:09:58,243
SO EVEN IF YOU ARE NOT THAT

377
00:09:58,309 --> 00:10:00,343
COMMUNITY NOW, YOU DON'T LOOK

378
00:10:00,409 --> 00:10:02,376
UN-LIKE IT.

379
00:10:02,443 --> 00:10:03,609
AND SECOND: IF YOU TOOK

380
00:10:03,676 --> 00:10:05,576
SOMETHING WORTH $20 MILLION,

381
00:10:05,643 --> 00:10:08,776
$350,000 DOESN'T COVER IT.

382
00:10:08,843 --> 00:10:11,743
ESPECIALLY WHEN NONE OF THAT

383
00:10:11,809 --> 00:10:13,109
MONEY WENT TOWARD THE FAMILY

384
00:10:13,176 --> 00:10:14,443
YOU STOLE IT FROM.

385
00:10:14,509 --> 00:10:16,709
THERE'S PRETTY OBVIOUSLY ONLY

386
00:10:16,776 --> 00:10:17,976
TWO WAYS OF MAKING THIS RIGHT:

387
00:10:18,043 --> 00:10:19,543
GIVE THE BRUCES $20 MILLION OR

388
00:10:19,609 --> 00:10:21,076
GIVE THEM THEIR LAND BACK.

389
00:10:21,143 --> 00:10:22,509
AND INCREDIBLY, THE LATTER MIGHT

390
00:10:22,576 --> 00:10:24,543
ACTUALLY HAPPEN.

391
00:10:24,609 --> 00:10:25,743
BECAUSE L.A. COUNTY, WHICH OWNS

392
00:10:25,809 --> 00:10:26,943
THE LAND, RECENTLY RELEASED A

393
00:10:27,009 --> 00:10:28,043
PLAN FOR RETURNING IT TO THE

394
00:10:28,109 --> 00:10:38,043
BRUCES.

395
00:10:38,109 --> 00:10:39,209
WHICH IS, TO PUT IT MILDLY,

396
00:10:39,276 --> 00:10:39,843
ABOUT TIME!

397
00:10:39,909 --> 00:10:40,743
IT'S LITERALLY BEEN CALLED

398
00:10:40,809 --> 00:10:43,209
BRUCE'S BEACH SINCE 2006.

399
00:10:43,276 --> 00:10:44,009
IS THE APOSTROPHE S A FUCKING

400
00:10:44,076 --> 00:10:44,443
JOKE TO YOU PEOPLE?

401
00:10:44,509 --> 00:10:45,176
IT INDICATES POSSESSION.

402
00:10:45,243 --> 00:10:45,876
SO THE STORY OF BRUCE'S BEACH

403
00:10:45,943 --> 00:10:46,443
MIGHT ACTUALLY END WITH

404
00:10:46,509 --> 00:10:47,109
SOMETHING APPROACHING JUSTICE.

405
00:10:47,176 --> 00:10:47,876
LAND WAS TAKEN AWAY.

406
00:10:47,943 --> 00:10:49,476
LAND IS GIVEN BACK.

407
00:10:49,543 --> 00:10:50,909
AND I WANT YOU TO KEEP THE

408
00:10:50,976 --> 00:10:51,909
ELEGANCE OF THAT SOLUTION IN

409
00:10:51,976 --> 00:10:53,409
MIND AS WE TALK ABOUT A FAR MORE

410
00:10:53,476 --> 00:10:55,076
INSIDIOUS AND WIDESPREAD FORM OF

411
00:10:55,143 --> 00:10:56,443
WEALTH APPROPRIATION, AND THAT

412
00:10:56,509 --> 00:10:59,909
IS HOUSING DISCRIMINATION.

413
00:10:59,976 --> 00:11:00,909
THERE IS A LONG HISTORY OF IT IN

414
00:11:00,976 --> 00:11:02,376
AMERICA -- AND WE WILL GET TO

415
00:11:02,443 --> 00:11:03,443
THAT IN A MINUTE -- BUT BEFORE

416
00:11:03,509 --> 00:11:04,909
WE DO, LET'S JUST START WITH ITS

417
00:11:04,976 --> 00:11:07,509
EFFECTS.

418
00:11:07,576 --> 00:11:09,209
CURRENTLY, ONLY 45% OF BLACK

419
00:11:09,276 --> 00:11:10,643
HOUSEHOLDERS OWN THEIR HOMES,

420
00:11:10,709 --> 00:11:12,409
COMPARED WITH NEARLY 74% OF

421
00:11:12,476 --> 00:11:14,476
WHITES.

422
00:11:14,543 --> 00:11:16,143
AND SINCE HOME OWNERSHIP IS A

423
00:11:16,209 --> 00:11:17,376
KEY COMPONENT OF WEALTH, IT'S NO

424
00:11:17,443 --> 00:11:18,476
SURPRISE THAT THE WEALTH GAP

425
00:11:18,543 --> 00:11:20,143
BETWEEN WHITE AND BLACK FAMILIES

426
00:11:20,209 --> 00:11:22,143
IS SO HUGE, MANY LITERALLY DON'T

427
00:11:22,209 --> 00:11:24,809
COMPREHEND IT.

428
00:11:24,876 --> 00:11:27,043
ONE RECENT SURVEY FOUND MOST

429
00:11:27,109 --> 00:11:28,209
PEOPLE THINK THAT, FOR EVERY

430
00:11:28,276 --> 00:11:30,076
$100 IN WEALTH HELD BY A WHITE

431
00:11:30,143 --> 00:11:31,576
FAMILY, A BLACK FAMILY HAS $90,

432
00:11:31,643 --> 00:11:33,743
WHEN THE TRUTH IS, IT'S ACTUALLY

433
00:11:33,809 --> 00:11:37,743
CLOSER TO $13, WITH THE MEDIAN

434
00:11:37,809 --> 00:11:41,176
WHITE FAMILY HAVING A NET WORTH

435
00:11:41,243 --> 00:11:43,043
OF AROUND $188,000 AND THE

436
00:11:43,109 --> 00:11:43,909
MEDIAN BLACK FAMILY HAVING JUST

437
00:11:43,976 --> 00:11:46,576
OVER $24,000.

438
00:11:46,643 --> 00:11:49,109
BUT THE EFFECTS OF HOUSING

439
00:11:49,176 --> 00:11:51,643
DISCRIMINATION GO WELL BEYOND

440
00:11:51,709 --> 00:11:52,276
WEALTH, BECAUSE QUESTIONS ABOUT

441
00:11:52,343 --> 00:11:54,409
WHERE YOUR HOUSE IS AND HOW MUCH

442
00:11:54,476 --> 00:11:57,443
IT'S WORTH IMPACT SO MANY THINGS

443
00:11:57,509 --> 00:11:58,009
ABOUT YOUR QUALITY OF LIFE.

444
00:11:58,076 --> 00:11:58,643
FOR INSTANCE, BECAUSE A KEY WAY

445
00:11:58,709 --> 00:11:59,976
AMERICANS PAY FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS

446
00:12:00,043 --> 00:12:01,909
IS THROUGH PROPERTY TAXES,

447
00:12:01,976 --> 00:12:03,843
BETTER HOMES LEAD TO BETTER

448
00:12:03,909 --> 00:12:05,109
SCHOOLS, BETTER TEACHERS, AND

449
00:12:05,176 --> 00:12:06,376
MORE RESOURCES, WHICH IN TURNS

450
00:12:06,443 --> 00:12:07,843
LEADS BACK TO BETTER

451
00:12:07,909 --> 00:12:09,409
NEIGHBORHOODS IN GENERAL,

452
00:12:09,476 --> 00:12:10,376
INCLUDING CLEANER STREETS,

453
00:12:10,443 --> 00:12:12,009
CLEANER AIR, AND, CRUCIALLY,

454
00:12:12,076 --> 00:12:13,109
ONLY THE MOST EXCLUSIVE AND

455
00:12:13,176 --> 00:12:15,276
FUCKABLE TREES.

456
00:12:15,343 --> 00:12:17,343
IS THAT TREE A BAKERY?

457
00:12:17,409 --> 00:12:18,043
BECAUSE IT'S.

458
00:12:18,109 --> 00:12:18,843
GOT.

459
00:12:18,909 --> 00:12:20,343
CAKES.

460
00:12:20,409 --> 00:12:21,309
THAT TREE -- DON'T JUST LET THE

461
00:12:21,376 --> 00:12:22,176
AUDIO OF THIS PLAY IN THE

462
00:12:22,243 --> 00:12:23,009
BACKGROUND WHILE YOU'RE WORKING,

463
00:12:23,076 --> 00:12:26,976
CLICK BACK ON THE YOUTUBE TAB

464
00:12:27,043 --> 00:12:28,209
AND LOOK AT ME --

465
00:12:28,276 --> 00:12:30,143
THAT TREE CAN GET IT.

466
00:12:30,209 --> 00:12:31,076
SO IF IT'S LED TO A WEALTH GAP

467
00:12:31,143 --> 00:12:32,176
THIS MASSIVE AND CONSEQUENCES

468
00:12:32,243 --> 00:12:33,476
THIS WIDE-RANGING, TONIGHT,

469
00:12:33,543 --> 00:12:34,643
LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT HOUSING

470
00:12:34,709 --> 00:12:36,109
DISCRIMINATION, THE DAMAGE IT'S

471
00:12:36,176 --> 00:12:37,109
DONE, AND MORE IMPORTANTLY, WHAT

472
00:12:37,176 --> 00:12:42,476
WE CAN DO ABOUT IT.

473
00:12:42,543 --> 00:12:43,043
SOME OF YOU MAY ALREADY

474
00:12:43,109 --> 00:12:46,376
KNOW WHAT THE LAST PART IS GOING

475
00:12:46,443 --> 00:12:47,509
TO BE AND MIGHT EVEN BE

476
00:12:47,576 --> 00:12:48,176
SHOUTING IT AT YOUR SCREENS, BUT

477
00:12:48,243 --> 00:12:50,043
PLEASE, DON'T SPOIL IT FOR

478
00:12:50,109 --> 00:12:51,143
EVERYONE ELSE --

479
00:12:51,209 --> 00:12:51,909
LET'S LET IT BE A SURPRISE.

480
00:12:51,976 --> 00:12:52,509
AND LET'S START IN THE EARLY

481
00:12:52,576 --> 00:12:53,709
20TH CENTURY, BECAUSE THAT'S

482
00:12:53,776 --> 00:12:54,409
WHEN THE REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY

483
00:12:54,476 --> 00:12:55,843
REALLY BEGAN TO GROW, AND AS IT

484
00:12:55,909 --> 00:12:57,309
DID, WHITE PEOPLE MOVED QUICKLY

485
00:12:57,376 --> 00:12:58,543
TO CODIFY THE DISTANCE BETWEEN

486
00:12:58,609 --> 00:13:00,443
THEM AND BLACK PEOPLE.

487
00:13:00,509 --> 00:13:02,576
ONE MAJOR WAY THIS HAPPENED WAS

488
00:13:02,643 --> 00:13:03,743
THROUGH "RACIAL COVENANTS" --

489
00:13:03,809 --> 00:13:04,943
ESSENTIALLY BYLAWS WRITTEN INTO

490
00:13:05,009 --> 00:13:05,943
DEEDS OR NEIGHBORHOOD

491
00:13:06,009 --> 00:13:07,976
REGULATIONS FORBIDDING THE SALE

492
00:13:08,043 --> 00:13:09,443
OF A HOUSE TO A NON-WHITE

493
00:13:09,509 --> 00:13:11,843
PERSON.

494
00:13:11,909 --> 00:13:12,909
AND INCREDIBLY, THESE COVENANTS

495
00:13:12,976 --> 00:13:14,109
WERE SO WIDESPREAD THAT MANY ARE

496
00:13:14,176 --> 00:13:17,009
STILL TECHNICALLY ON THE BOOKS.

497
00:13:17,076 --> 00:13:18,643
A TEXAS NEWS STATION RECENTLY

498
00:13:18,709 --> 00:13:20,643
UNEARTHED ONE IN A LOCAL SUBURB

499
00:13:20,709 --> 00:13:21,543
AND SHOWED IT TO UNSUSPECTING

500
00:13:21,609 --> 00:13:22,943
RESIDENTS THERE.

501
00:13:23,009 --> 00:13:24,243
>> SECTION TWO, PAGE THREE

502
00:13:24,309 --> 00:13:25,543
READS, "NONE OF THE LOTS SHALL

503
00:13:25,609 --> 00:13:26,809
BE CONVEYED, LEASED, OR OCCUPIED

504
00:13:26,876 --> 00:13:28,343
BY ANY PERSON OTHER THAN OF THE

505
00:13:28,409 --> 00:13:30,643
CAUCASIAN RACE.

506
00:13:30,709 --> 00:13:31,976
IT PROVIDES AN EXCEPTION FOR

507
00:13:32,043 --> 00:13:35,209
THOSE EMPLOYED AS SERVANTS.

508
00:13:35,276 --> 00:13:36,176
>> "...THE PERSON OTHER THAN THE

509
00:13:36,243 --> 00:13:37,543
CAUCASIAN RACE."

510
00:13:37,609 --> 00:13:38,409
WHEW.

511
00:13:38,476 --> 00:13:39,643
OKAY.

512
00:13:39,709 --> 00:13:42,076
>> John: WELL, QUITE!

513
00:13:42,143 --> 00:13:43,343
THE TONE OF THAT "WHEW, OKAY" IS

514
00:13:43,409 --> 00:13:44,809
USUALLY RESERVED FOR A FEW

515
00:13:44,876 --> 00:13:46,509
THINGS: FINDING OUT YOUR GRANDMA

516
00:13:46,576 --> 00:13:48,176
IS STILL SENDING NUDES, THAT

517
00:13:48,243 --> 00:13:50,009
JEREMY PIVEN LAUNCHED A PODCAST

518
00:13:50,076 --> 00:13:51,476
CALLED "HOW YOU LIVIN',

519
00:13:51,543 --> 00:13:52,643
J PIVEN," AND THAT YOUR

520
00:13:52,709 --> 00:13:53,776
NEIGHBORHOOD TECHNICALLY STILL

521
00:13:53,843 --> 00:13:54,543
HAS BYLAWS PROHIBITING BLACK

522
00:13:54,609 --> 00:13:57,309
PEOPLE FROM LIVING THERE.

523
00:13:57,376 --> 00:13:58,876
AND WHILE RACIAL COVENANTS WERE

524
00:13:58,943 --> 00:14:01,576
DONE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL, WHAT

525
00:14:01,643 --> 00:14:02,743
REALLY TURBOCHARGED SEGREGATION

526
00:14:02,809 --> 00:14:03,909
WAS WHEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

527
00:14:03,976 --> 00:14:05,409
GOT INVOLVED.

528
00:14:05,476 --> 00:14:06,776
IN THE 1930s, THE NEW DEAL

529
00:14:06,843 --> 00:14:08,343
ESTABLISHED THE FEDERAL HOUSING

530
00:14:08,409 --> 00:14:10,543
ADMINISTRATION AND THE HOME

531
00:14:10,609 --> 00:14:12,143
OWNERS LOAN CORPORATION OR

532
00:14:12,209 --> 00:14:13,976
"HOLC" -- WHICH IS,

533
00:14:14,043 --> 00:14:14,943
INCIDENTALLY, ALSO FRENCH FOR

534
00:14:15,009 --> 00:14:19,909
"HULK."

535
00:14:19,976 --> 00:14:21,409
EH, HOLC -- HOW YOU SAY, ER...

536
00:14:21,476 --> 00:14:22,443
LE SMUUSH.

537
00:14:22,509 --> 00:14:23,409
THE IDEA OF THESE TWO AGENCIES

538
00:14:23,476 --> 00:14:24,376
WAS TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR PEOPLE

539
00:14:24,443 --> 00:14:25,543
TO BUY AND RETAIN HOUSES DURING

540
00:14:25,609 --> 00:14:27,009
THE GREAT DEPRESSION, AND THEY

541
00:14:27,076 --> 00:14:28,343
WERE PROMOTED AT THE TIME

542
00:14:28,409 --> 00:14:30,243
THROUGH NEWSREELS LIKE THIS:

543
00:14:30,309 --> 00:14:32,209
>> THIS COUPLE IS GOING THROUGH

544
00:14:32,276 --> 00:14:32,876
A MODEL HOUSE NOW -- SUPPOSE WE

545
00:14:32,943 --> 00:14:34,109
FOLLOW THEM.

546
00:14:34,176 --> 00:14:35,343
THE HUSBAND APPARENTLY ISN'T

547
00:14:35,409 --> 00:14:36,309
VERY KEEN ABOUT IT ALL, BUT YOU

548
00:14:36,376 --> 00:14:37,909
KNOW HOW WIVES ARE.

549
00:14:37,976 --> 00:14:39,543
THIS CHEERFUL ROOM WITH ITS MANY

550
00:14:39,609 --> 00:14:40,643
HANDY CABINETS IMPRESSES EVEN

551
00:14:40,709 --> 00:14:42,776
THIS SKEPTIC, AND HIS WIFE IS

552
00:14:42,843 --> 00:14:43,943
ENTRANCED BY THE MODERN FLAT TOP

553
00:14:44,009 --> 00:14:45,543
STOVE.

554
00:14:45,609 --> 00:14:47,776
TOO BAD THEY CAN'T AFFORD IT --

555
00:14:47,843 --> 00:14:50,176
AH, BUT MAYBE THEY CAN.

556
00:14:50,243 --> 00:14:52,309
WELL, ACCORDING TO THIS SIGN,

557
00:14:52,376 --> 00:14:53,143
THEY CAN BUY THIS HOUSE WITH

558
00:14:53,209 --> 00:14:54,343
MONTHLY PAYMENTS THAT ARE LESS

559
00:14:54,409 --> 00:14:55,309
THAN THEY NOW SPEND FOR RENT.

560
00:14:55,376 --> 00:14:57,009
>> John: WOW.

561
00:14:57,076 --> 00:14:57,776
THAT IS A VERY AFFORDABLE HOUSE

562
00:14:57,843 --> 00:14:58,743
FOR TWO PEOPLE THAT CLEARLY DO

563
00:14:58,809 --> 00:15:00,543
NOT GET ALONG.

564
00:15:00,609 --> 00:15:02,343
"YOU KNOW HOW HUSBANDS ARE: THEY

565
00:15:02,409 --> 00:15:03,743
HATE THEIR WIVES AND ANYTHING

566
00:15:03,809 --> 00:15:04,943
THAT WOULD MAKE HER HAPPY.

567
00:15:05,009 --> 00:15:06,109
EVERY MOMENT WITH THEM IS

568
00:15:06,176 --> 00:15:07,176
TORTURE.

569
00:15:07,243 --> 00:15:08,476
AND MAYBE A NEW HOUSE WOULD

570
00:15:08,543 --> 00:15:09,709
HELP, AS NEITHER OF THEM WILL

571
00:15:09,776 --> 00:15:11,376
LEAVE THIS WRETCHED MARRIAGE

572
00:15:11,443 --> 00:15:12,743
BECAUSE IT'S THE 1930s.

573
00:15:12,809 --> 00:15:13,576
IT'S UP TO THE BABY TO SAVE

574
00:15:13,643 --> 00:15:16,509
THEM!"

575
00:15:16,576 --> 00:15:17,643
THE PITCH WAS THAT THE

576
00:15:17,709 --> 00:15:19,243
GOVERNMENT WOULD INSURE YOUR

577
00:15:19,309 --> 00:15:20,543
LOAN SO THAT BANKS WOULD ACCEPT

578
00:15:20,609 --> 00:15:21,809
A SIGNIFICANTLY SMALLER DOWN

579
00:15:21,876 --> 00:15:23,243
PAYMENT THAN WAS STANDARD AT THE

580
00:15:23,309 --> 00:15:25,076
TIME, WITH MUCH LOWER INTEREST

581
00:15:25,143 --> 00:15:26,809
RATES, AND GIVE YOU DECADES TO

582
00:15:26,876 --> 00:15:29,243
PAY IT OFF.

583
00:15:29,309 --> 00:15:30,709
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

584
00:15:30,776 --> 00:15:31,943
ESSENTIALLY INVENTED THE MODERN

585
00:15:32,009 --> 00:15:33,143
HOME MORTGAGE, AND IT WORKED

586
00:15:33,209 --> 00:15:35,109
INCREDIBLY WELL.

587
00:15:35,176 --> 00:15:36,509
MILLIONS BOUGHT HOMES WHO COULD

588
00:15:36,576 --> 00:15:38,476
NEVER OTHERWISE HAVE AFFORDED

589
00:15:38,543 --> 00:15:39,943
THEM, BEGINNING A CYCLE OF

590
00:15:40,009 --> 00:15:41,443
STABLE, GENERATIONAL WEALTH THAT

591
00:15:41,509 --> 00:15:43,276
CONTINUES TO THIS DAY.

592
00:15:43,343 --> 00:15:45,009
IT WAS A GREAT IDEA.

593
00:15:45,076 --> 00:15:52,409
I CANNOT STRESS THAT ENOUGH.

594
00:15:52,476 --> 00:15:54,109
WHICH IS WHY IT IS SO TRAGIC

595
00:15:54,176 --> 00:15:55,476
THAT BUILT DIRECTLY INTO THAT

596
00:15:55,543 --> 00:15:56,943
PLAN WAS THE INTENTIONAL

597
00:15:57,009 --> 00:15:57,576
EXCLUSION OF BLACK PEOPLE.

598
00:15:57,643 --> 00:15:58,276
FOR INSTANCE, HOLC DEVELOPED

599
00:15:58,343 --> 00:15:59,443
MAPS THAT COLOR-CODED AREAS

600
00:15:59,509 --> 00:16:00,643
GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, OR RED

601
00:16:00,709 --> 00:16:02,376
BASED ON THEIR

602
00:16:02,443 --> 00:16:04,009
CREDIT-WORTHINESS.

603
00:16:04,076 --> 00:16:07,543
A NEIGHBORHOOD EARNED A RED

604
00:16:07,609 --> 00:16:12,176
COLOR -- OR BE "REDLINED" -- IF

605
00:16:12,243 --> 00:16:13,176
ANY AFRICAN AMERICANS LIVED IN

606
00:16:13,243 --> 00:16:13,876
IT AT ALL, AT WHICH POINT, THE

607
00:16:13,943 --> 00:16:14,643
AREA WAS ESSENTIALLY INELIGIBLE

608
00:16:14,709 --> 00:16:17,176
FOR ANY MORTGAGES.

609
00:16:17,243 --> 00:16:17,776
MEANWHILE, WHEN IT CAME TO NEW

610
00:16:17,843 --> 00:16:18,376
DEVELOPMENTS, THE FHA'S

611
00:16:18,443 --> 00:16:19,909
UNDERWRITING MANUAL ESSENTIALLY

612
00:16:19,976 --> 00:16:21,476
MANDATED THAT COMMUNITIES HAVE

613
00:16:21,543 --> 00:16:22,643
RACIALLY RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS

614
00:16:22,709 --> 00:16:24,076
AS A PREREQUISITE TO RECEIVE

615
00:16:24,143 --> 00:16:26,276
MORTGAGE INSURANCE.

616
00:16:26,343 --> 00:16:27,976
THESE POLICIES ALONE HAD A

617
00:16:28,043 --> 00:16:29,609
DEVASTATING EFFECT ON BLACK

618
00:16:29,676 --> 00:16:30,843
COMMUNITIES, SIGNIFICANTLY

619
00:16:30,909 --> 00:16:32,643
EXPANDING AND LOCKING IN

620
00:16:32,709 --> 00:16:34,443
SEGREGATION.

621
00:16:34,509 --> 00:16:39,276
AND SOME DEVELOPERS ENSURED

622
00:16:39,343 --> 00:16:41,143
THEY WOULD CONTINUE TO QUALIFY

623
00:16:41,209 --> 00:16:41,676
FOR LOANS BY GOING TO SOME

624
00:16:41,743 --> 00:16:42,309
RIDICULOUS LENGTHS.

625
00:16:42,376 --> 00:16:43,943
>> HERE IN DETROIT, THERE WAS A

626
00:16:44,009 --> 00:16:45,543
DEVELOPER THAT WANTED TO BUILD A

627
00:16:45,609 --> 00:16:47,376
DEVELOPMENT FOR WHITES, AND THEY

628
00:16:47,443 --> 00:16:48,909
WANTED TO GET FHA LOANS.

629
00:16:48,976 --> 00:16:50,643
AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SAID,

630
00:16:50,709 --> 00:16:52,409
"YOU KNOW WHAT?

631
00:16:52,476 --> 00:16:53,809
THERE'S A BLACK COMMUNITY KIND

632
00:16:53,876 --> 00:16:54,976
OF CLOSE BY, YOU DON'T GET THE

633
00:16:55,043 --> 00:16:59,243
GOOD LOANS."

634
00:16:59,309 --> 00:17:00,809
AND SO THE DEVELOPER, IN AN

635
00:17:00,876 --> 00:17:02,276
EFFORT TO TRY TO FIX THAT, BUILT

636
00:17:02,343 --> 00:17:05,176
A 6-FOOT-TALL WALL, A FOOT DEEP,

637
00:17:05,243 --> 00:17:07,043
TO SEPARATE THE BLACK COMMUNITY

638
00:17:07,109 --> 00:17:08,076
FROM THE EMERGING WHITE

639
00:17:08,143 --> 00:17:09,576
COMMUNITY.

640
00:17:09,643 --> 00:17:11,009
AND THEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

641
00:17:11,076 --> 00:17:12,043
GAVE THE LOAN.

642
00:17:12,109 --> 00:17:13,576
>> John: THAT'S TERRIBLE.

643
00:17:13,643 --> 00:17:15,276
AND WHAT MAKES IT SOMEHOW WORSE

644
00:17:15,343 --> 00:17:16,409
IS THAT THAT WALL WAS ONLY SIX

645
00:17:16,476 --> 00:17:18,043
FEET TALL.

646
00:17:18,109 --> 00:17:19,976
THAT'S JUST NOT THAT TALL.

647
00:17:20,043 --> 00:17:21,043
THAT'S LIKE THE HEIGHT OF A

648
00:17:21,109 --> 00:17:22,076
FRIDGE.

649
00:17:22,143 --> 00:17:23,343
OR A MATTRESS.

650
00:17:23,409 --> 00:17:24,676
OR SNOOP DOGG.

651
00:17:24,743 --> 00:17:25,876
SNOOP'S 6'4."

652
00:17:25,943 --> 00:17:27,276
HE COULD VERY EASILY SEE OVER

653
00:17:27,343 --> 00:17:28,243
IT.

654
00:17:28,309 --> 00:17:30,476
IS THAT WHAT YOU WANT?

655
00:17:30,543 --> 00:17:31,309
SNOOP MAKING DIRECT EYE CONTACT

656
00:17:31,376 --> 00:17:32,709
WITH YOU OVER YOUR STUPID,

657
00:17:32,776 --> 00:17:33,643
RACIST WALL?

658
00:17:33,709 --> 00:17:35,643
HOW IS THAT HELPING ANYONE?

659
00:17:35,709 --> 00:17:36,643
AND ALL OF THIS IS OBVIOUSLY

660
00:17:36,709 --> 00:17:38,709
HORRIFYING: WHITE PEOPLE

661
00:17:38,776 --> 00:17:39,976
BASICALLY WROTE "BLACK PEOPLE

662
00:17:40,043 --> 00:17:41,843
CAN'T LIVE HERE" ON PIECES OF

663
00:17:41,909 --> 00:17:43,176
PAPER AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

664
00:17:43,243 --> 00:17:44,343
SAID "IF YOU WHITE PEOPLE DON'T

665
00:17:44,409 --> 00:17:45,576
HAVE ONE OF THOSE PIECES OF

666
00:17:45,643 --> 00:17:49,309
PAPER, YOU CAN'T GET A LOAN."

667
00:17:49,376 --> 00:17:50,709
IF EVERYTHING HAD JUST STOPPED

668
00:17:50,776 --> 00:17:53,843
THERE, THE DAMAGE WOULD ALREADY

669
00:17:53,909 --> 00:17:54,909
HAVE BEEN IMMENSE.

670
00:17:54,976 --> 00:17:56,576
BUT IT VERY MUCH DID NOT STOP

671
00:17:56,643 --> 00:17:57,409
THERE.

672
00:17:57,476 --> 00:17:59,043
AFTER WORLD WAR II, THE GI BILL

673
00:17:59,109 --> 00:17:59,909
GAVE RETURNING SERVICE MEMBERS

674
00:17:59,976 --> 00:18:01,076
ACCESS TO HOME LOANS WITH AS

675
00:18:01,143 --> 00:18:02,643
LITTLE AS NO DOWN PAYMENT, WHICH

676
00:18:02,709 --> 00:18:05,376
IS GREAT!

677
00:18:05,443 --> 00:18:06,609
BUT THE VAST MAJORITY OF

678
00:18:06,676 --> 00:18:08,543
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS STILL

679
00:18:08,609 --> 00:18:09,709
REFUSED TO APPROVE LOANS FOR

680
00:18:09,776 --> 00:18:11,509
AFRICAN AMERICANS, MEANING THAT

681
00:18:11,576 --> 00:18:13,143
BLACK SERVICE MEMBERS RETURNED

682
00:18:13,209 --> 00:18:14,743
HOME ONLY TO BE SHUT OUT OF

683
00:18:14,809 --> 00:18:16,576
HOMEOWNERSHIP IN THE RAPIDLY

684
00:18:16,643 --> 00:18:18,243
EXPANDING SUBURBS, ONE OF THE

685
00:18:18,309 --> 00:18:21,043
MOST FAMOUS EXAMPLES OF WHICH

686
00:18:21,109 --> 00:18:22,609
WAS LEVITTOWN, A DEVELOPMENT ON

687
00:18:22,676 --> 00:18:24,643
LONG ISLAND OF OVER 17,000

688
00:18:24,709 --> 00:18:25,576
HOMES.

689
00:18:25,643 --> 00:18:26,976
AND TO ENSURE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

690
00:18:27,043 --> 00:18:28,509
TO BUILD THEM, THE DEVELOPER HAD

691
00:18:28,576 --> 00:18:30,109
THE CONTRACTS STATE THAT "THE

692
00:18:30,176 --> 00:18:31,409
HOME COULD NOT BE USED OR

693
00:18:31,476 --> 00:18:33,209
OCCUPIED BY ANY PERSON OTHER

694
00:18:33,276 --> 00:18:33,976
THAN MEMBERS OF THE CAUCASIAN

695
00:18:34,043 --> 00:18:36,376
RACE."

696
00:18:36,443 --> 00:18:37,743
AND WHEN BLACK PEOPLE DID TRY TO

697
00:18:37,809 --> 00:18:39,476
BUY HOMES THERE, THEY WERE TOLD

698
00:18:39,543 --> 00:18:41,676
IN NO UNCERTAIN TERMS JUST HOW

699
00:18:41,743 --> 00:18:43,143
UNWELCOME THEY WERE, AS THIS

700
00:18:43,209 --> 00:18:45,809
WOMAN REMEMBERS.

701
00:18:45,876 --> 00:18:47,276
>> WE WENT TO THE OFFICE WHERE

702
00:18:47,343 --> 00:18:47,943
THE GENTLEMAN WAS SHOWING THE

703
00:18:48,009 --> 00:18:51,476
HOUSES.

704
00:18:51,543 --> 00:18:52,576
SO MY HUSBAND SAID TO HIM, MY

705
00:18:52,643 --> 00:18:53,976
WIFE AND I ARE INTERESTED IN,

706
00:18:54,043 --> 00:18:55,243
YOU KNOW, PURCHASING A HOME HERE

707
00:18:55,309 --> 00:19:00,443
IN LEVITTOWN.

708
00:19:00,509 --> 00:19:01,376
HE SAID, GET YOUR [BLEEP] OUT OF

709
00:19:01,443 --> 00:19:03,309
HERE.

710
00:19:03,376 --> 00:19:05,676
>> John: WOW.

711
00:19:05,743 --> 00:19:06,476
THAT IS A SWEET LADY

712
00:19:06,543 --> 00:19:07,143
RECOUNTING AN APPALLING STORY IN

713
00:19:07,209 --> 00:19:08,143
JUST THE MOST MATTER-OF-FACT

714
00:19:08,209 --> 00:19:08,443
WAY.

715
00:19:08,509 --> 00:19:09,343
BUT I GUESS FOR BLACK PEOPLE IN

716
00:19:09,409 --> 00:19:10,243
AMERICA, YOU ASK YOUR GRANDMA TO

717
00:19:10,309 --> 00:19:11,009
TELL YOU A WHOLESOME STORY ABOUT

718
00:19:11,076 --> 00:19:13,576
SOMETHING LIKE THE FIRST SCHOOL

719
00:19:13,643 --> 00:19:14,476
DANCE SHE WENT TO OR HOW SHE

720
00:19:14,543 --> 00:19:15,209
AND GRANDPA BOUGHT A HOUSE, AND

721
00:19:15,276 --> 00:19:16,009
IT'S NOT LONG BEFORE YOU'RE

722
00:19:16,076 --> 00:19:17,043
SUDDENLY IN THE MIDDLE OF AN

723
00:19:17,109 --> 00:19:19,009
AUGUST WILSON PLAY.

724
00:19:19,076 --> 00:19:20,643
AND CRUCIALLY, WHITE PEOPLE WHO

725
00:19:20,709 --> 00:19:22,009
WERE ABLE TO BUY HOMES IN

726
00:19:22,076 --> 00:19:23,309
LEVITTOWN COULD ACCUMULATE

727
00:19:23,376 --> 00:19:25,343
MASSIVE WEALTH.

728
00:19:25,409 --> 00:19:28,143
IN 1948, HOMES THERE SOLD FOR

729
00:19:28,209 --> 00:19:30,276
AROUND $8,000, OR ABOUT $75,000

730
00:19:30,343 --> 00:19:33,176
IN TODAY'S MONEY, AND THEY

731
00:19:33,243 --> 00:19:35,443
CURRENTLY SELL FOR $350,000 OR

732
00:19:35,509 --> 00:19:37,609
MORE, MEANING FAMILIES WHO

733
00:19:37,676 --> 00:19:39,576
BOUGHT HOMES BACK IN 1948 GAINED

734
00:19:39,643 --> 00:19:40,976
MORE THAN $200,000 IN WEALTH.

735
00:19:41,043 --> 00:19:44,476
THAT'S A LOT!

736
00:19:44,543 --> 00:19:46,076
SO, QUICK SIDE NOTE: IF YOU'RE

737
00:19:46,143 --> 00:19:47,343
YOUNG, WHITE, AND LOOKING FOR A

738
00:19:47,409 --> 00:19:48,576
REAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT,

739
00:19:48,643 --> 00:19:49,876
FORGET ABOUT YOUR AMC AND

740
00:19:49,943 --> 00:19:51,943
GAMESTOP STONKS.

741
00:19:52,009 --> 00:19:53,076
WHAT YOU REALLY WANT TO DO IS

742
00:19:53,143 --> 00:19:54,276
GET A TIME MACHINE, TRAVEL BACK

743
00:19:54,343 --> 00:19:55,709
TO THE 1940s, AND BUY A HOUSE

744
00:19:55,776 --> 00:19:57,143
IN A SEGREGATED SUBURB.

745
00:19:57,209 --> 00:19:58,509
IT'S THE SAFEST INVESTMENT

746
00:19:58,576 --> 00:20:00,476
YOU'LL EVER MAKE.

747
00:20:00,543 --> 00:20:01,476
AND LEVITTOWN AND DETROIT WERE

748
00:20:01,543 --> 00:20:03,009
BY NO MEANS ALONE.

749
00:20:03,076 --> 00:20:05,543
THIS HAPPENED AGAIN AND AGAIN,

750
00:20:05,609 --> 00:20:07,109
SO MUCH SO THAT THE EXCLUSION OF

751
00:20:07,176 --> 00:20:08,609
BLACK PEOPLE FROM THESE FEDERAL

752
00:20:08,676 --> 00:20:11,576
PROGRAMS WAS NEARLY ABSOLUTE.

753
00:20:11,643 --> 00:20:13,043
FOR INSTANCE, A SURVEY OF 13

754
00:20:13,109 --> 00:20:15,509
CITIES IN MISSISSIPPI IN 1947

755
00:20:15,576 --> 00:20:18,143
FOUND THAT -- OF THE MORE THAN

756
00:20:18,209 --> 00:20:19,809
3,200 LOANS GIVEN TO RETURNING

757
00:20:19,876 --> 00:20:23,376
VETERANS UNDER THE GI BILL --

758
00:20:23,443 --> 00:20:24,643
ONLY TWO WENT TO

759
00:20:24,709 --> 00:20:25,943
AFRICAN AMERICANS.

760
00:20:26,009 --> 00:20:27,309
AND NATIONWIDE, IN JUST THE

761
00:20:27,376 --> 00:20:29,076
FIRST QUARTER CENTURY OF THE

762
00:20:29,143 --> 00:20:32,343
FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION,

763
00:20:32,409 --> 00:20:34,976
THE GOVERNMENT INSURED OVER

764
00:20:35,076 --> 00:20:36,576
$40 BILLION IN LOANS.

765
00:20:36,643 --> 00:20:38,743
THAT'S THE EQUIVALENT OF NEARLY

766
00:20:38,809 --> 00:20:40,609
$400 BILLION TODAY.

767
00:20:40,676 --> 00:20:41,709
BUT SOME ESTIMATES INDICATE THAT

768
00:20:41,776 --> 00:20:43,609
98% OF THEM WENT TO WHITE

769
00:20:43,676 --> 00:20:43,876
AMERICANS.

770
00:20:43,943 --> 00:20:45,443
98%!

771
00:20:45,509 --> 00:20:46,876
IF YOU ATE 98% OF SOMEONE'S

772
00:20:46,943 --> 00:20:49,709
CANNOLI, YOU ATE ALL THEIR

773
00:20:49,776 --> 00:20:51,009
CANNOLI.

774
00:20:51,076 --> 00:20:52,276
POINTING OUT THE FACT THEY'VE

775
00:20:52,343 --> 00:20:53,176
STILL TECHNICALLY GOT 2%

776
00:20:53,243 --> 00:20:56,676
SOMEHOW MAKES IT WORSE.

777
00:20:56,743 --> 00:20:57,709
AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF ALL OF

778
00:20:57,776 --> 00:20:59,109
THIS CAN BE HARD FOR SOME TO

779
00:20:59,176 --> 00:21:01,276
THINK ABOUT.

780
00:21:01,343 --> 00:21:02,876
EARLIER THIS YEAR, CBS'

781
00:21:02,943 --> 00:21:04,809
TONY DOKOUPIL DID A STORY ABOUT

782
00:21:04,876 --> 00:21:05,676
HIS GRANDPARENTS' HOMETOWN OF

783
00:21:05,743 --> 00:21:06,776
LYNDHURST, NEW JERSEY, AND IN

784
00:21:06,843 --> 00:21:08,609
DOING SO, BROKE SOME DIFFICULT

785
00:21:08,676 --> 00:21:09,476
NEWS TO THE TOWN'S UNOFFICIAL

786
00:21:09,543 --> 00:21:10,509
HISTORIAN.

787
00:21:10,576 --> 00:21:12,209
>> WAIT A MINUTE.

788
00:21:12,276 --> 00:21:12,943
YOU'RE TELLING ME THEY WERE ONLY

789
00:21:13,009 --> 00:21:14,109
GOING TO MORTGAGE WHITE PEOPLE?

790
00:21:14,176 --> 00:21:16,643
>> YEAH, YEAH.

791
00:21:16,709 --> 00:21:21,409
>> FOR YOU TO SAY THAT LYNDHURST

792
00:21:21,476 --> 00:21:22,009
IS THE WAY IT IS BECAUSE IT

793
00:21:22,076 --> 00:21:22,709
ALMOST IMPLIES THAT LYNDHURST

794
00:21:22,776 --> 00:21:24,709
WAS RACIST.

795
00:21:24,776 --> 00:21:25,609
>> NO, THIS IS MY FAMILY TOO.

796
00:21:25,676 --> 00:21:26,209
I'M NOT SAYING THAT.

797
00:21:26,276 --> 00:21:26,843
I'M SAYING THAT WE -- I'M SAYING

798
00:21:26,909 --> 00:21:27,209
WE HAD NO IDEA.

799
00:21:27,276 --> 00:21:27,843
>> YOU'RE RIGHT.

800
00:21:27,909 --> 00:21:28,776
MOST PEOPLE WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN

801
00:21:28,843 --> 00:21:29,409
THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAD

802
00:21:29,476 --> 00:21:31,276
THIS PROGRAM IN PLACE.

803
00:21:31,343 --> 00:21:32,076
>> John: OKAY, FIRST, I GET THAT

804
00:21:32,143 --> 00:21:33,943
THIS IS UNCOMFORTABLE, BUT I

805
00:21:34,009 --> 00:21:40,409
WILL SAY, IF A WHITE PERSON SAYS

806
00:21:40,476 --> 00:21:42,709
"THAT ALMOST IMPLIES BLANK WAS

807
00:21:42,776 --> 00:21:48,643
RACIST" AND ANOTHER ONE SAYS

808
00:21:48,709 --> 00:21:49,976
"NO, NO, THIS IS MY FAMILY TOO,"

809
00:21:50,043 --> 00:21:50,709
THAT DOESN'T MEAN THE MATTER'S

810
00:21:50,776 --> 00:21:51,243
CLOSED.

811
00:21:51,309 --> 00:21:52,176
IF TWO WHITE PEOPLE ARE TRYING

812
00:21:52,243 --> 00:21:52,743
TO FIGURE OUT IF SOMETHING'S

813
00:21:52,809 --> 00:21:53,343
RACIST, NINE TIMES OUT OF TEN,

814
00:21:53,409 --> 00:21:53,709
IT PROBABLY IS.

815
00:21:53,776 --> 00:21:56,743
AS FOR THAT MAN'S CLAIM "MOST

816
00:21:56,809 --> 00:22:00,609
PEOPLE WOULD NOT HAVE KNOWN

817
00:22:00,676 --> 00:22:01,243
THIS PROGRAM WAS IN PLACE," HOLD

818
00:22:01,309 --> 00:22:01,743
ON.

819
00:22:01,809 --> 00:22:02,509
NONE OF THIS WAS A SECRET AT THE

820
00:22:02,576 --> 00:22:03,176
TIME.

821
00:22:03,243 --> 00:22:04,009
THE LINK BETWEEN THE RACIAL

822
00:22:04,076 --> 00:22:04,909
MAKEUP OF YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD AND

823
00:22:04,976 --> 00:22:05,609
THE VALUE OF YOUR HOME WAS SO

824
00:22:05,676 --> 00:22:06,643
WELL-ESTABLISHED, SOME

825
00:22:06,709 --> 00:22:08,143
SPECULATORS TOOK ADVANTAGE OF IT

826
00:22:08,209 --> 00:22:09,409
TO BUY HOMES ON THE CHEAP

827
00:22:09,476 --> 00:22:10,743
THROUGH A PRACTICE CALLED

828
00:22:10,809 --> 00:22:12,843
"BLOCKBUSTING."

829
00:22:12,909 --> 00:22:13,943
THAT'S WHERE THEY'D GO TO A

830
00:22:14,009 --> 00:22:15,276
WHITE NEIGHBORHOOD AND MAKE IT

831
00:22:15,343 --> 00:22:16,643
SEEM LIKE BLACK PEOPLE WERE

832
00:22:16,709 --> 00:22:17,676
MOVING IN.

833
00:22:17,743 --> 00:22:19,109
THEY WOULD HIRE A BLACK WOMAN TO

834
00:22:19,176 --> 00:22:22,376
WALK UP AND DOWN THE STREET WITH

835
00:22:22,443 --> 00:22:23,709
A STROLLER, OR CALL HOMES AND

836
00:22:23,776 --> 00:22:24,876
ASK TO SPEAK TO SOMEONE WITH A

837
00:22:24,943 --> 00:22:26,843
STEREOTYPICALLY BLACK NAME.

838
00:22:26,909 --> 00:22:28,109
THE IDEA WAS THAT SIMPLY BY

839
00:22:28,176 --> 00:22:29,609
DOING THIS, THE SPECULATORS

840
00:22:29,676 --> 00:22:30,809
COULD PANIC WHITE HOMEOWNERS

841
00:22:30,876 --> 00:22:32,643
INTO SELLING THEIR HOMES AT A

842
00:22:32,709 --> 00:22:34,143
LOSS.

843
00:22:34,209 --> 00:22:34,909
THIS TACTIC WAS INCREDIBLY

844
00:22:34,976 --> 00:22:36,543
EFFECTIVE.

845
00:22:36,609 --> 00:22:38,409
BUT I WILL SAY, SOME WHITE

846
00:22:38,476 --> 00:22:39,376
HOMEOWNERS DID STAND FIRM --

847
00:22:39,443 --> 00:22:40,443
LIKE THIS AMAZING WOMAN IN

848
00:22:40,509 --> 00:22:42,209
BALTIMORE:

849
00:22:42,276 --> 00:22:43,209
>> WELL, I HAPPENED TO BE

850
00:22:43,276 --> 00:22:44,709
SITTING ON THE STEPS WITH A

851
00:22:44,776 --> 00:22:46,409
FRIEND OF MINE, AND THE MAN THAT

852
00:22:46,476 --> 00:22:47,609
HAD GOTTEN THE HOUSE FROM THE

853
00:22:47,676 --> 00:22:49,143
WOMAN NEXT DOOR, HE CAME UP AND

854
00:22:49,209 --> 00:22:50,776
HE SAID TO ME, "WOULD YOU LIKE

855
00:22:50,843 --> 00:22:52,643
TO SELL?"

856
00:22:52,709 --> 00:22:53,776
AND I SAID, "NO, I COULDN'T

857
00:22:53,843 --> 00:22:54,843
AFFORD TO SELL, BECAUSE I CAN'T

858
00:22:54,909 --> 00:22:58,409
AFFORD TO GO ANYWHERE ELSE."

859
00:22:58,476 --> 00:22:59,676
AND HE SAID, "YOU WON'T SELL?"

860
00:22:59,743 --> 00:23:03,876
I SAID, "NO."

861
00:23:03,943 --> 00:23:04,809
HE SAYS, "WELL" --

862
00:23:04,876 --> 00:23:05,476
PARDON ME, ANGIE, THESE ARE NOT

863
00:23:05,543 --> 00:23:06,076
MY WORDS.

864
00:23:06,143 --> 00:23:10,943
HE SAID, "WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO

865
00:23:11,009 --> 00:23:11,976
DO WHEN THESE [BLEEP] MOVE IN

866
00:23:12,043 --> 00:23:12,576
HERE, AND THEY GET OUT ON THE

867
00:23:12,643 --> 00:23:13,243
PORCH IN THE SUMMER AND THEY

868
00:23:13,309 --> 00:23:13,643
DRINK BEER?"

869
00:23:13,709 --> 00:23:14,843
I SAID, "HELL, I'M GOING TO JOIN

870
00:23:14,909 --> 00:23:17,609
THEM."

871
00:23:17,676 --> 00:23:18,076
[LAUGHTER]

872
00:23:18,143 --> 00:23:19,309
>> John: LOOK, I KNOW THIS STORY

873
00:23:19,376 --> 00:23:20,143
IS FULL OF TERRIBLE PEOPLE AND

874
00:23:20,209 --> 00:23:20,809
UNMITIGATED RACISM, SO WE SHOULD

875
00:23:20,876 --> 00:23:21,343
PROBABLY TAKE A MOMENT TO

876
00:23:21,409 --> 00:23:22,309
CELEBRATE A LADY WHO JUST WANTED

877
00:23:22,376 --> 00:23:23,276
TO GET DRUNK ON HER PORCH WITH

878
00:23:23,343 --> 00:23:23,876
HER NEIGHBORS REGARDLESS OF

879
00:23:23,943 --> 00:23:25,209
THEIR COLOR.

880
00:23:25,276 --> 00:23:27,376
I LOVE SO MANY THINGS ABOUT

881
00:23:27,443 --> 00:23:28,109
THAT:

882
00:23:28,176 --> 00:23:30,743
I LOVE ROSE'S DON'T-GIVE-A-FUCK

883
00:23:30,809 --> 00:23:31,843
ENERGY, BUT ALSO ANGIE'S "ROSE

884
00:23:31,909 --> 00:23:33,976
IS GONNA ROSE" RESPONSE.

885
00:23:34,043 --> 00:23:35,676
BECAUSE WHEN ROSE SAID, "PARDON

886
00:23:35,743 --> 00:23:36,243
ME, ANGIE, THESE ARE NOT MY

887
00:23:36,309 --> 00:23:37,709
WORDS," THAT WAS FOR US.

888
00:23:37,776 --> 00:23:39,109
ANGIE KNEW.

889
00:23:39,176 --> 00:23:40,343
SHE KNOWS WHO ROSE IS AND SHE'S

890
00:23:40,409 --> 00:23:42,209
MADE PEACE WITH IT.

891
00:23:42,276 --> 00:23:43,909
THESE WOMEN HAVE TALKED.

892
00:23:43,976 --> 00:23:44,609
THERE'S A HISTORY IN THAT

893
00:23:44,676 --> 00:23:45,943
RELATIONSHIP.

894
00:23:46,009 --> 00:23:46,976
BLESS YOU, ROSE.

895
00:23:47,043 --> 00:23:48,409
AND BLESS ANGIE TOO.

896
00:23:48,476 --> 00:23:50,176
JUST BECAUSE ROSE WAS AN ALLY

897
00:23:50,243 --> 00:23:51,709
DOESN'T MEAN SHE WAS ALWAYS AN

898
00:23:51,776 --> 00:23:54,476
EASY PERSON TO BE AROUND.

899
00:23:54,543 --> 00:23:55,909
AND WHEN YOU PUT ALL OF THIS

900
00:23:55,976 --> 00:23:57,409
TOGETHER, IT IS NO WONDER THAT

901
00:23:57,476 --> 00:23:58,843
BY THE LATE '60s, FAIR HOUSING

902
00:23:58,909 --> 00:24:00,176
HAD BECOME A CORE ISSUE FOR THE

903
00:24:00,243 --> 00:24:02,009
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

904
00:24:02,076 --> 00:24:03,209
MARTIN LUTHER KING'S EFFORTS TO

905
00:24:03,276 --> 00:24:05,509
COMBAT HOUSING DISCRIMINATION IN

906
00:24:05,576 --> 00:24:07,776
CHICAGO WERE MET WITH FIERCE

907
00:24:07,843 --> 00:24:09,743
RESISTANCE, AND UPRISINGS

908
00:24:09,809 --> 00:24:11,709
BEGAN TO BREAK OUT ACROSS THE

909
00:24:11,776 --> 00:24:13,443
COUNTRY -- UNREST THAT REACHED A

910
00:24:13,509 --> 00:24:15,143
FEVER PITCH IN THE WAKE OF

911
00:24:15,209 --> 00:24:15,909
KING'S ASSASSINATION.

912
00:24:15,976 --> 00:24:17,576
LBJ AND CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS

913
00:24:17,643 --> 00:24:19,143
TRIED TO SETTLE THINGS DOWN WITH

914
00:24:19,209 --> 00:24:21,509
THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1968,

915
00:24:21,576 --> 00:24:24,076
WITH SECTIONS 8 AND 9 BEING THE

916
00:24:24,143 --> 00:24:25,709
FAIR HOUSING ACT, AND SECTION

917
00:24:25,776 --> 00:24:29,343
10, TITLED "CIVIL OBEDIENCE" --

918
00:24:29,409 --> 00:24:30,676
AN ANTI-RIOT ACT -- WHICH IS A

919
00:24:30,743 --> 00:24:32,909
PRETTY EFFECTIVE WAY OF SAYING

920
00:24:32,976 --> 00:24:34,809
"THAT'S OUR FINAL OFFER, WE'VE

921
00:24:34,876 --> 00:24:36,209
GONE ABOUT AS FAR AS WE'RE GOING

922
00:24:36,276 --> 00:24:36,909
WITH THIS WHOLE 'CIVIL RIGHTS'

923
00:24:36,976 --> 00:24:38,243
THING."

924
00:24:38,309 --> 00:24:39,443
THE FAIR HOUSING ACT MADE

925
00:24:39,509 --> 00:24:41,409
HOUSING DISCRIMINATION ILLEGAL

926
00:24:41,476 --> 00:24:43,143
AND ALSO REQUIRED THE GOVERNMENT

927
00:24:43,209 --> 00:24:44,276
TO "AFFIRMATIVELY FURTHER" FAIR

928
00:24:44,343 --> 00:24:45,509
HOUSING -- IN OTHER WORDS, TAKE

929
00:24:45,576 --> 00:24:48,243
AN ACTIVE ROLE IN INTEGRATION.

930
00:24:48,309 --> 00:24:52,043
AND TO HIS CREDIT, NIXON'S

931
00:24:52,109 --> 00:24:58,143
HOUSING SECRETARY,

932
00:24:58,209 --> 00:24:59,043
GEORGE ROMNEY, MITT'S DAD,

933
00:24:59,109 --> 00:24:59,676
ACTUALLY TRIED

934
00:24:59,743 --> 00:25:00,376
TO DO THAT AND DEVELOPED A

935
00:25:00,443 --> 00:25:00,943
PROGRAM TO WITHHOLD FEDERAL

936
00:25:01,009 --> 00:25:01,809
GRANTS FROM COMMUNITIES THAT

937
00:25:01,876 --> 00:25:02,976
REFUSED TO INTEGRATE.

938
00:25:03,043 --> 00:25:03,943
BUT NIXON THEN QUICKLY STEPPED

939
00:25:04,009 --> 00:25:05,343
IN, CALLING IT OFF, AND PUBLICLY

940
00:25:05,409 --> 00:25:11,343
REPUDIATING THE WHOLE PLAN.

941
00:25:11,409 --> 00:25:12,776
>> CONCERNING GOVERNOR ROMNEY'S

942
00:25:12,843 --> 00:25:14,243
PLAN, TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD THE

943
00:25:14,309 --> 00:25:15,676
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT USE ITS

944
00:25:15,743 --> 00:25:17,309
LEVERAGE TO PROMOTE RACIAL

945
00:25:17,376 --> 00:25:21,576
INTEGRATION IN SUBURBAN HOUSING?

946
00:25:21,643 --> 00:25:22,309
>> IT IS NOT THE POLICY OF THIS

947
00:25:22,376 --> 00:25:23,109
GOVERNMENT TO USE THE POWER OF

948
00:25:23,176 --> 00:25:24,409
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR

949
00:25:24,476 --> 00:25:25,343
FEDERAL FUNDS IN ANY OTHER WAY,

950
00:25:25,409 --> 00:25:26,343
IN WAYS NOT REQUIRED BY THE LAW,

951
00:25:26,409 --> 00:25:27,109
FOR FORCED INTEGRATION OF THE

952
00:25:27,176 --> 00:25:28,176
SUBURBS.

953
00:25:28,243 --> 00:25:29,843
I BELIEVE THAT FORCED

954
00:25:29,909 --> 00:25:30,843
INTEGRATION OF THE SUBURBS IS

955
00:25:30,909 --> 00:25:35,476
NOT IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST.

956
00:25:35,543 --> 00:25:36,309
>> John: YEAH, NOT GREAT.

957
00:25:36,376 --> 00:25:37,343
AND IT IS WORTH REMINDING

958
00:25:37,409 --> 00:25:37,943
YOURSELF ONCE IN A WHILE JUST

959
00:25:38,009 --> 00:25:39,309
HOW DEEPLY WEIRD NIXON WAS.

960
00:25:39,376 --> 00:25:40,643
HE'S BEEN RENDERED SO SILLY BY A

961
00:25:40,709 --> 00:25:42,043
LIFETIME OF CARTOONISH

962
00:25:42,109 --> 00:25:44,076
IMPRESSIONS, IT'S GENUINELY

963
00:25:44,143 --> 00:25:46,276
UNSETTLING TO WATCH HIM MAKE

964
00:25:46,343 --> 00:25:48,409
UNYIELDING EYE CONTACT WHILE

965
00:25:48,476 --> 00:25:49,743
SAYING "I BELIEVE THAT FORCED

966
00:25:49,809 --> 00:25:50,509
INTEGRATION OF THE SUBURBS IS

967
00:25:50,576 --> 00:25:51,876
NOT IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST"

968
00:25:51,943 --> 00:25:53,243
LIKE A COLD ROBOT POWERED BY

969
00:25:53,309 --> 00:25:58,143
RACISM.

970
00:25:58,209 --> 00:25:59,143
ALL I'M SAYING IS, IT REALLY

971
00:25:59,209 --> 00:25:59,776
SAYS SOMETHING THAT

972
00:25:59,843 --> 00:26:00,776
THE MOST HUMAN VERSION OF NIXON

973
00:26:00,843 --> 00:26:01,676
IS THE ONE WHERE HE'S A CARTOON

974
00:26:01,743 --> 00:26:02,209
HEAD IN A JAR.

975
00:26:02,276 --> 00:26:03,643
AND WHAT NIXON MADE VERY CLEAR

976
00:26:03,709 --> 00:26:04,576
THERE IS THAT THE FEDERAL

977
00:26:04,643 --> 00:26:06,276
GOVERNMENT WOULD NOT STEP IN TO

978
00:26:06,343 --> 00:26:08,343
INTEGRATE NEIGHBORHOODS, MEANING

979
00:26:08,409 --> 00:26:09,176
NEIGHBORHOODS WEREN'T GOING TO

980
00:26:09,243 --> 00:26:11,009
INTEGRATE.

981
00:26:11,076 --> 00:26:12,243
PRICES IN WHITE NEIGHBORHOODS

982
00:26:12,309 --> 00:26:13,709
WERE NOW TOO HIGH, AND THE

983
00:26:13,776 --> 00:26:14,909
RACIAL WEALTH GAP WAS FIRMLY

984
00:26:14,976 --> 00:26:16,443
ENTRENCHED.

985
00:26:16,509 --> 00:26:18,643
AND EVEN THOUGH OVERT

986
00:26:18,709 --> 00:26:19,776
DISCRIMINATION WAS NOW ILLEGAL,

987
00:26:19,843 --> 00:26:21,543
THERE WERE, AND STILL ARE, MANY,

988
00:26:21,609 --> 00:26:23,109
MANY WAYS FOR NEIGHBORHOODS TO

989
00:26:23,176 --> 00:26:25,809
KEEP THEMSELVES WHITE.

990
00:26:25,876 --> 00:26:26,909
SOMETIMES IT'S THROUGH ZONING --

991
00:26:26,976 --> 00:26:29,076
LIKE BANNING MULTI-FAMILY HOMES

992
00:26:29,143 --> 00:26:35,243
AND SOMETIMES IT COMES IN THE

993
00:26:35,309 --> 00:26:36,409
FORM OF REALTORS STEERING BUYERS

994
00:26:36,476 --> 00:26:37,443
AWAY FROM CERTAIN NEIGHBORHOODS

995
00:26:37,509 --> 00:26:38,576
ON A RACIAL BASIS.

996
00:26:38,643 --> 00:26:39,676
THEY ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO DO

997
00:26:39,743 --> 00:26:40,843
THAT, BUT IT STILL HAPPENS ALL

998
00:26:40,909 --> 00:26:49,376
THE TIME.

999
00:26:49,443 --> 00:26:50,509
A FEW YEARS AGO, "NEWSDAY" HAD

1000
00:26:50,576 --> 00:26:51,143
TESTERS OF MULTIPLE RACES POSE

1001
00:26:51,209 --> 00:26:51,743
AS HOMEBUYERS ON LONG ISLAND,

1002
00:26:51,809 --> 00:26:52,209
AND THE BLACK TESTERS

1003
00:26:52,276 --> 00:26:52,909
EXPERIENCED DISPARATE TREATMENT

1004
00:26:52,976 --> 00:26:53,676
NEARLY HALF THE TIME.

1005
00:26:53,743 --> 00:26:54,709
IN SOME CASES, THEY WERE SENT TO

1006
00:26:54,776 --> 00:26:56,043
VASTLY DIFFERENT NEIGHBORHOODS.

1007
00:26:56,109 --> 00:26:57,509
BUT EVEN A REALTOR WHO "NEWSDAY"

1008
00:26:57,576 --> 00:26:59,509
SAID GAVE OUT SIMILAR LISTINGS

1009
00:26:59,576 --> 00:27:01,809
TO BLACK AND WHITE BUYERS --

1010
00:27:01,876 --> 00:27:03,576
THEREBY STAYING OUTSIDE

1011
00:27:03,643 --> 00:27:05,543
THE LEGAL DEFINITION OF

1012
00:27:05,609 --> 00:27:07,209
"STEERING" -- ACCOMPANIED THEM

1013
00:27:07,276 --> 00:27:08,843
WITH SOME NOT-SO-SUBTLE TIPS

1014
00:27:08,909 --> 00:27:09,476
THAT SHE ONLY GAVE TO THE WHITE

1015
00:27:09,543 --> 00:27:11,476
TESTER.

1016
00:27:11,543 --> 00:27:14,343
>> AND THEN THERE'S POCKETS OF

1017
00:27:14,409 --> 00:27:21,009
PORT JEFF TOO, THAT, YOU KNOW,

1018
00:27:21,076 --> 00:27:21,843
DOWN BY THE TRAIN THERE'S AN

1019
00:27:21,909 --> 00:27:23,176
AREA THERE.

1020
00:27:23,243 --> 00:27:25,109
WHAT I SAY IS ALWAYS, TO WOMEN,

1021
00:27:25,176 --> 00:27:26,343
FOLLOW THE SCHOOL BUS, SEE THE

1022
00:27:26,409 --> 00:27:27,376
MOMS THAT ARE HANGING OUT ON THE

1023
00:27:27,443 --> 00:27:29,876
CORNERS.

1024
00:27:29,943 --> 00:27:31,076
THERE WAS ONE FELLA WHO, LIKE,

1025
00:27:31,143 --> 00:27:31,776
INSISTED ON THIS HOUSE AND THE

1026
00:27:31,843 --> 00:27:32,709
WIFE WAS PREGNANT, HAD A LITTLE

1027
00:27:32,776 --> 00:27:34,209
ONE.

1028
00:27:34,276 --> 00:27:35,809
AND I SAID TO HIM, I CAN'T SAY

1029
00:27:35,876 --> 00:27:37,109
ANYTHING, BUT I ENCOURAGE YOU --

1030
00:27:37,176 --> 00:27:37,909
I WANT YOU TO GO THERE AT 10:00

1031
00:27:37,976 --> 00:27:38,809
AT NIGHT WITH YOUR WIFE TO BUY

1032
00:27:38,876 --> 00:27:39,709
DIAPERS.

1033
00:27:39,776 --> 00:27:40,976
GO TO THAT 7-ELEVEN.

1034
00:27:41,043 --> 00:27:46,343
THEY DIDN'T BUY THERE.

1035
00:27:46,409 --> 00:27:47,043
[LAUGHS]

1036
00:27:47,109 --> 00:27:47,509
>> NO, THAT'S GREAT.

1037
00:27:47,576 --> 00:27:48,276
>> I HAVE TO SAY IT WITHOUT

1038
00:27:48,343 --> 00:27:49,209
SAYING IT, YOU KNOW.

1039
00:27:49,276 --> 00:27:49,809
YOU HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE

1040
00:27:49,876 --> 00:27:50,443
AREAS, YOU KNOW.

1041
00:27:50,509 --> 00:27:50,776
>> YES.

1042
00:27:50,843 --> 00:27:52,143
>> I DON'T WANT TO USE THE WORD

1043
00:27:52,209 --> 00:27:52,843
"STEER," BUT I TRY TO -- I USE

1044
00:27:52,909 --> 00:27:53,576
ANOTHER WORD.

1045
00:27:53,643 --> 00:27:55,043
I EDUCATE IN THE AREA, YOU KNOW.

1046
00:27:55,109 --> 00:27:56,676
>> John: OH, WELL, THAT'S ALL

1047
00:27:56,743 --> 00:27:57,576
RIGHT THEN.

1048
00:27:57,643 --> 00:27:58,876
AS LONG AS YOU DON'T SAY THE

1049
00:27:58,943 --> 00:28:00,443
WORD "STEER," IT'S OKAY.

1050
00:28:00,509 --> 00:28:01,643
IT'S LIKE TABOO.

1051
00:28:01,709 --> 00:28:03,176
AS LONG AS YOU DON'T SAY ONE OF

1052
00:28:03,243 --> 00:28:04,843
THE FIVE WORDS ON THE CARD,

1053
00:28:04,909 --> 00:28:07,309
YOU'RE COMPLETELY IN THE CLEAR.

1054
00:28:07,376 --> 00:28:09,176
AT EVERY STEP OF THE PROCESS,

1055
00:28:09,243 --> 00:28:10,143
BLACK HOMEBUYERS ARE FACED WITH

1056
00:28:10,209 --> 00:28:11,876
DISCRIMINATION.

1057
00:28:11,943 --> 00:28:13,776
A FEW YEARS AGO, REPORTERS

1058
00:28:13,843 --> 00:28:15,409
CRUNCHED THROUGH 31 MILLION LOAN

1059
00:28:15,476 --> 00:28:17,643
APPLICATIONS AND FOUND THAT

1060
00:28:17,709 --> 00:28:19,009
AFRICAN AMERICANS CONTINUE TO BE

1061
00:28:19,076 --> 00:28:20,943
ROUTINELY DENIED CONVENTIONAL

1062
00:28:21,009 --> 00:28:21,943
MORTGAGE LOANS AT MUCH HIGHER

1063
00:28:22,043 --> 00:28:23,476
RATES, EVEN CONTROLLING FOR

1064
00:28:23,543 --> 00:28:24,343
INCOME, LOAN AMOUNT, AND

1065
00:28:24,409 --> 00:28:26,043
NEIGHBORHOOD.

1066
00:28:26,109 --> 00:28:27,943
AND EVEN IF YOU OWN YOUR HOME,

1067
00:28:28,009 --> 00:28:29,243
THE SIMPLE ACT OF HAVING IT

1068
00:28:29,309 --> 00:28:31,243
APPRAISED CAN BE TAINTED BY

1069
00:28:31,309 --> 00:28:33,276
DISCRIMINATION.

1070
00:28:33,343 --> 00:28:34,609
THIS WOMAN HAD HAD HER HOME

1071
00:28:34,676 --> 00:28:36,476
APPRAISED TWICE, BUT THE VALUES

1072
00:28:36,543 --> 00:28:39,309
SEEMED LOW TO HER, SO SHE DID A

1073
00:28:39,376 --> 00:28:44,576
LITTLE EXPERIMENT.

1074
00:28:44,643 --> 00:28:45,376
>> I MET WITH TWO OF MY

1075
00:28:45,443 --> 00:28:45,876
GIRLFRIENDS.

1076
00:28:45,943 --> 00:28:46,509
BOTH OF THEM ARE MARRIED TO

1077
00:28:46,576 --> 00:28:47,309
WHITE MEN, AND I WAS LIKE, OKAY,

1078
00:28:47,376 --> 00:28:48,209
I NEED TO BORROW ONE OF YOUR

1079
00:28:48,276 --> 00:28:48,609
HUSBANDS.

1080
00:28:48,676 --> 00:28:49,409
>> WHEN THE THIRD APPRAISER

1081
00:28:49,476 --> 00:28:50,009
CAME, DUFFY WAS GONE.

1082
00:28:50,076 --> 00:28:51,409
HER FRIEND'S HUSBAND POSED AS

1083
00:28:51,476 --> 00:28:52,043
HER BROTHER.

1084
00:28:52,109 --> 00:28:52,943
THE RESULT?

1085
00:28:53,009 --> 00:28:55,209
DUFFY'S HOME WAS APPRAISED FOR

1086
00:28:55,276 --> 00:28:56,909
$259,000, MORE THAN DOUBLE THAT

1087
00:28:56,976 --> 00:28:58,843
OF HER PREVIOUS TWO APPRAISALS.

1088
00:28:58,909 --> 00:29:01,976
>> I SCREAMED WITH JOY.

1089
00:29:02,043 --> 00:29:05,243
I JUST WAS -- I WAS SO ELATED.

1090
00:29:05,309 --> 00:29:06,876
AND THEN IT JUST -- IT QUICKLY

1091
00:29:06,943 --> 00:29:09,443
DISSIPATED.

1092
00:29:09,509 --> 00:29:16,809
AND THEN I JUST CRIED.

1093
00:29:16,876 --> 00:29:20,343
BECAUSE THIS IS AN ACTUAL

1094
00:29:20,409 --> 00:29:21,276
"THERE IT IS" IN THAT

1095
00:29:21,343 --> 00:29:22,443
I'M THE THING

1096
00:29:22,509 --> 00:29:24,343
THAT'S THE DEVALUING MY HOUSE.

1097
00:29:24,409 --> 00:29:25,609
>> John: LOOK, THAT'S JUST

1098
00:29:25,676 --> 00:29:26,809
AWFUL.

1099
00:29:26,876 --> 00:29:28,609
WE ALL KNOW THE ONLY TIME THE

1100
00:29:28,676 --> 00:29:29,776
ADDITION OF A WHITE MAN SHOULD

1101
00:29:29,843 --> 00:29:30,909
INCREASE VALUE TO ANYTHING IS IF

1102
00:29:30,976 --> 00:29:32,443
THAT THING IS A MOVIE AND THAT

1103
00:29:32,509 --> 00:29:34,076
WHITE MAN IS STANLEY TUCCI.

1104
00:29:34,143 --> 00:29:37,743
OTHERWISE, IT'S JUST NOT OKAY.

1105
00:29:37,809 --> 00:29:39,976
AND WHEN YOU TAKE ALL THIS

1106
00:29:40,043 --> 00:29:40,976
TOGETHER -- THE REDLINING, THE

1107
00:29:41,043 --> 00:29:42,343
BLOCKBUSTING, THE STEERING, AND

1108
00:29:42,409 --> 00:29:44,609
NOT LEAST, THE FEDERAL

1109
00:29:44,676 --> 00:29:46,309
GOVERNMENT'S INVOLVEMENT -- IT

1110
00:29:46,376 --> 00:29:47,643
ALL BECOMES CLEAR THAT THE MYTH

1111
00:29:47,709 --> 00:29:48,709
OF WHITE AMERICANS' POST-WAR

1112
00:29:48,776 --> 00:29:50,376
PROSPERITY, POWERED BY INGENUITY

1113
00:29:50,443 --> 00:29:52,143
AND SELF-RELIANCE, LEAVES A LOT

1114
00:29:52,209 --> 00:29:54,809
OUT.

1115
00:29:54,876 --> 00:29:56,476
AND THE PROBLEM IS, THERE ARE

1116
00:29:56,543 --> 00:29:58,309
MANY WHITE PEOPLE WHO ARE

1117
00:29:58,376 --> 00:29:59,543
UNWILLING TO ACKNOWLEDGE THIS --

1118
00:29:59,609 --> 00:30:00,876
OR, EVEN IF THEY DO, ARE UNSURE

1119
00:30:00,943 --> 00:30:03,543
WHAT TO DO WITH THE INFORMATION.

1120
00:30:03,609 --> 00:30:04,543
REMEMBER TONY DIKOUPIL'S STORY

1121
00:30:04,609 --> 00:30:06,243
ABOUT LYNDHURST?

1122
00:30:06,309 --> 00:30:07,443
THE MAYOR THERE, AND THE

1123
00:30:07,509 --> 00:30:08,576
HISTORIAN, HAD VERY DIFFERENT

1124
00:30:08,643 --> 00:30:09,876
REACTIONS TO WHAT THEY WERE

1125
00:30:09,943 --> 00:30:11,176
LEARNING.

1126
00:30:11,243 --> 00:30:12,976
>> THE ONE THING THAT I'M

1127
00:30:13,043 --> 00:30:14,609
STRUGGLING WITH, AND THIS IS

1128
00:30:14,676 --> 00:30:16,343
AS -- AS SOMEBODY WHOSE FAMILY

1129
00:30:16,409 --> 00:30:18,843
CAME THROUGH HERE, IS WHEN I

1130
00:30:18,909 --> 00:30:21,109
LOOKED AT THE OLD MAPS, JUST

1131
00:30:21,176 --> 00:30:24,243
OVER THE RIVER, THE AREAS WERE

1132
00:30:24,309 --> 00:30:27,376
REDLINED BY THE FEDERAL

1133
00:30:27,443 --> 00:30:28,909
GOVERNMENT, MEANING THEY WEREN'T

1134
00:30:28,976 --> 00:30:30,109
WORTHY OF MORTGAGES.

1135
00:30:30,176 --> 00:30:31,743
AND LYNDHURST WASN'T REDLINED.

1136
00:30:31,809 --> 00:30:32,909
WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THAT

1137
00:30:32,976 --> 00:30:33,909
KNOWLEDGE?

1138
00:30:33,976 --> 00:30:34,776
>> YOU MOVE ON.

1139
00:30:34,843 --> 00:30:37,076
COME ON, IT'S ALL GOD'S PEOPLE.

1140
00:30:37,143 --> 00:30:38,376
>> NOW THAT WE DO KNOW --

1141
00:30:38,443 --> 00:30:39,776
>> RIGHT.

1142
00:30:39,843 --> 00:30:42,976
>> WHAT DO WE DO ABOUT IT?

1143
00:30:43,043 --> 00:30:43,976
>> YOU KNOW, THAT'S A GOOD

1144
00:30:44,043 --> 00:30:45,376
QUESTION.

1145
00:30:45,443 --> 00:30:46,043
I DON'T HAVE THE ANSWER TO THAT,

1146
00:30:46,109 --> 00:30:46,909
TONY.

1147
00:30:46,976 --> 00:30:47,843
I WISH I DID.

1148
00:30:47,909 --> 00:30:48,843
>> John: OKAY, WE'LL GET TO THE

1149
00:30:48,909 --> 00:30:52,276
CONTENT OF WHAT THEY'RE SAYING

1150
00:30:52,343 --> 00:30:53,709
IN A SECOND, BUT FIRST, I GOTTA

1151
00:30:53,776 --> 00:30:54,943
KNOW EVERYTHING ABOUT THAT MAYOR

1152
00:30:55,009 --> 00:30:56,443
AND HOW HE CAME INTO OFFICE.

1153
00:30:56,509 --> 00:30:57,776
IF I HAD TO GUESS, A COUPLE

1154
00:30:57,843 --> 00:30:59,209
OF CANDIDATES DISAPPEARED.

1155
00:30:59,276 --> 00:30:59,843
YOU CAN'T HAVE A RUN-OFF IF ONLY

1156
00:30:59,909 --> 00:31:00,476
ONE CANDIDATE IS ON THE BALLOT,

1157
00:31:00,543 --> 00:31:01,743
CAN YOU?

1158
00:31:01,809 --> 00:31:03,943
BUT AS NICE AS IT SOUNDS TO JUST

1159
00:31:04,009 --> 00:31:06,076
MOVE ON, THAT'S NOT DEALING WITH

1160
00:31:06,143 --> 00:31:08,543
THE UNDERLYING INJURY HERE.

1161
00:31:08,609 --> 00:31:10,476
BECAUSE EVEN IF YOU HAD A MAGIC

1162
00:31:10,543 --> 00:31:12,343
WAND AND WERE ABLE TO STOP EVERY

1163
00:31:12,409 --> 00:31:13,943
FACET OF HOUSING DISCRIMINATION

1164
00:31:14,009 --> 00:31:16,376
GOING FORWARD, YOU STILL

1165
00:31:16,443 --> 00:31:20,243
WOULDN'T BE UNDOING THE DAMAGE

1166
00:31:20,309 --> 00:31:21,109
THAT HAS BEEN DONE.

1167
00:31:21,176 --> 00:31:22,576
HOME PRICES HAVE RISEN MUCH MORE

1168
00:31:22,643 --> 00:31:24,143
THAN WAGES IN THE LAST 50 YEARS,

1169
00:31:24,209 --> 00:31:25,443
SO BUYING A HOME TODAY DOESN'T

1170
00:31:25,509 --> 00:31:26,943
CARRY THE SAME ECONOMIC PROMISE

1171
00:31:27,009 --> 00:31:29,343
AS IT DID WHEN THE FHA STARTED.

1172
00:31:29,409 --> 00:31:31,543
IN FACT, BY ONE ESTIMATE, IF WE

1173
00:31:31,609 --> 00:31:33,376
DO "DO NOTHING AND MOVE ON," IT

1174
00:31:33,443 --> 00:31:35,376
WOULD TAKE 200 YEARS FOR THE

1175
00:31:35,443 --> 00:31:37,676
WEALTH GAP TO DISAPPEAR ON ITS

1176
00:31:37,743 --> 00:31:39,176
OWN.

1177
00:31:39,243 --> 00:31:40,476
AND YET, SO OFTEN, EFFORTS TO

1178
00:31:40,543 --> 00:31:41,676
ADDRESS THE LEGACY OF HOUSING

1179
00:31:41,743 --> 00:31:43,743
DISCRIMINATION HAVE BEEN

1180
00:31:43,809 --> 00:31:48,009
RESOLUTELY COLOR-BLIND.

1181
00:31:48,076 --> 00:31:49,576
HERE IS JOE BIDEN ON THE

1182
00:31:49,643 --> 00:31:51,276
CAMPAIGN TRAIL JUST LAST YEAR:

1183
00:31:51,343 --> 00:31:52,243
>> MY PLAN FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS

1184
00:31:52,309 --> 00:31:55,209
TO CLOSE THE WEALTH GAP IS TO

1185
00:31:55,276 --> 00:31:56,709
INVEST IN AFRICAN AMERICAN

1186
00:31:56,776 --> 00:31:57,709
HOME OWNERSHIP.

1187
00:31:57,776 --> 00:32:00,709
THAT INCLUDES MY INSISTING THAT

1188
00:32:00,776 --> 00:32:01,343
THERE WILL BE A $15,000

1189
00:32:01,409 --> 00:32:02,476
FIRST-TIME HOME BUYER TAX CREDIT

1190
00:32:02,543 --> 00:32:04,243
FOR EVERYONE.

1191
00:32:04,309 --> 00:32:05,543
>> John: WELL, HOLD ON THERE,

1192
00:32:05,609 --> 00:32:08,543
JOE.

1193
00:32:08,609 --> 00:32:10,376
"FOR EVERYONE"?

1194
00:32:10,443 --> 00:32:14,176
THAT MIGHT SOUND GREAT, BUT IT

1195
00:32:14,243 --> 00:32:16,043
ALSO FUNDAMENTALY DILUTES WHAT

1196
00:32:16,109 --> 00:32:16,643
YOU'RE ACTUALLY TRYING TO DO

1197
00:32:16,709 --> 00:32:16,843
HERE.

1198
00:32:16,909 --> 00:32:17,476
BECAUSE WE'VE IMMEDIATELY GONE

1199
00:32:17,543 --> 00:32:18,043
FROM TARGETED INVESTMENT IN

1200
00:32:18,109 --> 00:32:18,676
BLACK HOME OWNERSHIP TO A BROAD

1201
00:32:18,743 --> 00:32:21,643
TAX CREDIT FOR EVERYBODY.

1202
00:32:21,709 --> 00:32:22,776
AND WE SURE SEEM TO BECOME A

1203
00:32:22,843 --> 00:32:23,943
RAINBOW COALITION AS SOON AS THE

1204
00:32:24,009 --> 00:32:24,976
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STARTS

1205
00:32:25,043 --> 00:32:28,176
HANDING OUT CASH, DON'T WE?

1206
00:32:28,243 --> 00:32:29,843
AND OUR FAILURE TO EFFECTIVELY

1207
00:32:29,909 --> 00:32:31,643
TARGET SOLUTIONS BASED ON RACE

1208
00:32:31,709 --> 00:32:33,409
HAS DOOMED POTENTIAL FIXES IN

1209
00:32:33,476 --> 00:32:34,776
THE PAST.

1210
00:32:34,843 --> 00:32:36,209
IN THE '70s, WE PASSED THE

1211
00:32:36,276 --> 00:32:38,843
COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT

1212
00:32:38,909 --> 00:32:40,443
REQUIRING BANKS TO APPROVE LOANS

1213
00:32:40,509 --> 00:32:43,543
IN LOW-INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS.

1214
00:32:43,609 --> 00:32:44,776
BUT WE DIDN'T SPECIFY WHO THE

1215
00:32:44,843 --> 00:32:45,909
LOANS HAD TO GO TO, WITH ONE

1216
00:32:45,976 --> 00:32:47,076
ANALYSIS IN PHILADELPHIA SHOWING

1217
00:32:47,143 --> 00:32:48,876
THAT BANKS AND LENDERS FAVORED

1218
00:32:48,943 --> 00:32:50,176
WHITE BORROWERS, EVEN IN

1219
00:32:50,243 --> 00:32:53,243
MAJORITY-BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS,

1220
00:32:53,309 --> 00:32:54,443
MAKING THIS WELL-MEANING ACT

1221
00:32:54,509 --> 00:32:55,876
BASICALLY A GENTRIFICATION

1222
00:32:55,943 --> 00:32:59,276
MACHINE.

1223
00:32:59,343 --> 00:33:00,043
ALTHOUGH NOT A LITERAL

1224
00:33:00,109 --> 00:33:00,776
GENTRIFICATION MACHINE, OF

1225
00:33:00,843 --> 00:33:01,709
COURSE, AS WE ALL KNOW, THOSE

1226
00:33:01,776 --> 00:33:03,509
ARE OBVIOUSLY E-SCOOTERS.

1227
00:33:03,576 --> 00:33:05,609
SO THAT APPROACH OF "MOVE ON,

1228
00:33:05,676 --> 00:33:07,109
WE'RE ALL GOD'S PEOPLE" HASN'T

1229
00:33:07,176 --> 00:33:08,843
FIXED THE PROBLEM.

1230
00:33:08,909 --> 00:33:10,943
BUT WHAT ABOUT THAT SECOND GUY,

1231
00:33:11,009 --> 00:33:12,476
WHO SAID HE DOESN'T KNOW WHAT WE

1232
00:33:12,543 --> 00:33:13,343
SHOULD DO ABOUT IT, BUT WISHES

1233
00:33:13,409 --> 00:33:15,809
HE HAD THE ANSWER?

1234
00:33:15,876 --> 00:33:18,543
IF THAT IS TRUE, IF HE HONESTLY

1235
00:33:18,609 --> 00:33:19,709
WANTS TO KNOW WHAT A MAJOR

1236
00:33:19,776 --> 00:33:20,909
COMPONENT OF THE ANSWER SHOULD

1237
00:33:20,976 --> 00:33:25,043
PROBABLY BE, I'VE GOT SOME GOOD

1238
00:33:25,109 --> 00:33:26,143
NEWS FOR HIM, BECAUSE IT EXISTS,

1239
00:33:26,209 --> 00:33:28,443
IT'S PRETTY STRAIGHTFORWARD, AND

1240
00:33:28,509 --> 00:33:29,509
IT'S THE SAME ANSWER THAT MANY

1241
00:33:29,576 --> 00:33:31,043
BLACK VIEWERS HAVE BEEN SHOUTING

1242
00:33:31,109 --> 00:33:32,343
AT THEIR SCREEN FOR THE LAST 20

1243
00:33:32,409 --> 00:33:33,043
MINUTES.

1244
00:33:33,109 --> 00:33:34,809
BECAUSE IT'S REPARATIONS.

1245
00:33:34,876 --> 00:33:35,876
AND THE FIRST THING TO SAY ABOUT

1246
00:33:35,943 --> 00:33:37,143
THIS IS THAT IT IS BY NO MEANS A

1247
00:33:37,209 --> 00:33:38,509
NEW ARGUMENT.

1248
00:33:38,576 --> 00:33:40,143
PEOPLE HAVE BEEN MAKING THE CASE

1249
00:33:40,209 --> 00:33:41,443
FOR REPARATIONS FOR GENERATIONS,

1250
00:33:41,509 --> 00:33:42,643
AND THE HISTORY OF HOUSING

1251
00:33:42,709 --> 00:33:44,576
DISCRIMINATION SPECIFICALLY MADE

1252
00:33:44,643 --> 00:33:46,576
UP A LARGE PART OF TA-NEHISI

1253
00:33:46,643 --> 00:33:47,943
COATES' AWARD-WINNING ESSAY "THE

1254
00:33:48,009 --> 00:33:49,243
CASE FOR REPARATIONS" SEVEN

1255
00:33:49,309 --> 00:33:51,143
YEARS AGO.

1256
00:33:51,209 --> 00:33:52,876
AND YET, EVEN THOUGH REPARATIONS

1257
00:33:52,943 --> 00:33:54,243
ARE CLEARLY NECESSARY,

1258
00:33:54,309 --> 00:33:56,376
PRACTICAL, AND THE RIGHT THING

1259
00:33:56,443 --> 00:33:58,276
TO DO, A POLL RECENTLY FOUND

1260
00:33:58,343 --> 00:34:00,243
ONLY ONE IN TEN WHITE PEOPLE

1261
00:34:00,309 --> 00:34:01,809
FAVOR THEM.

1262
00:34:01,876 --> 00:34:03,743
AND SOME DISMISS THE SUBJECT

1263
00:34:03,809 --> 00:34:05,309
RIGHT OUT OF HAND.

1264
00:34:05,376 --> 00:34:06,743
>> YEAH, I DON'T THINK

1265
00:34:06,809 --> 00:34:08,676
REPARATIONS FOR SOMETHING THAT

1266
00:34:08,743 --> 00:34:09,809
HAPPENED 150 YEARS AGO FOR WHOM

1267
00:34:09,876 --> 00:34:10,876
NONE OF US CURRENTLY LIVING ARE

1268
00:34:10,943 --> 00:34:15,643
RESPONSIBLE IS A GOOD IDEA.

1269
00:34:15,709 --> 00:34:17,709
WE'VE, YOU KNOW, TRIED TO DEAL

1270
00:34:17,776 --> 00:34:19,643
WITH OUR ORIGINAL SIN OF SLAVERY

1271
00:34:19,709 --> 00:34:22,709
BY FIGHTING A CIVIL WAR, BY

1272
00:34:22,776 --> 00:34:23,576
PASSING A LANDMARK CIVIL RIGHTS

1273
00:34:23,643 --> 00:34:26,809
LEGISLATION.

1274
00:34:26,876 --> 00:34:28,443
WE'VE ELECTED AN

1275
00:34:28,509 --> 00:34:29,876
AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESIDENT.

1276
00:34:29,943 --> 00:34:32,076
I THINK WE'RE ALWAYS A WORK IN

1277
00:34:32,143 --> 00:34:33,043
PROGRESS IN THIS COUNTRY.

1278
00:34:33,109 --> 00:34:35,409
BUT NO ONE CURRENTLY ALIVE WAS

1279
00:34:35,476 --> 00:34:39,976
RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT.

1280
00:34:40,043 --> 00:34:41,643
>> John: WOW.

1281
00:34:41,709 --> 00:34:42,843
REPARATIONS AREN'T A GOOD IDEA

1282
00:34:42,909 --> 00:34:46,143
BECAUSE "WE'VE ELECTED AN

1283
00:34:46,209 --> 00:34:49,143
AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESIDENT"?

1284
00:34:49,209 --> 00:34:49,976
WHO EXACTLY IS THE "WE" IN THAT

1285
00:34:50,043 --> 00:34:50,709
SENTENCE, MITCH?

1286
00:34:50,776 --> 00:34:51,443
BECAUSE AS I REMEMBER IT,

1287
00:34:51,509 --> 00:34:52,243
ELECTING THAT PRESIDENT WAS

1288
00:34:52,309 --> 00:34:53,976
BASICALLY YOUR LEAST FAVORITE

1289
00:34:54,043 --> 00:34:55,243
THING AMERICA EVER DID, AND YOU

1290
00:34:55,309 --> 00:34:56,276
VOWED TO DEVOTE EVERY WAKING

1291
00:34:56,343 --> 00:34:57,676
MOMENT TO MAKING SURE IT DIDN'T

1292
00:34:57,743 --> 00:34:58,943
HAPPEN AGAIN.

1293
00:34:59,009 --> 00:35:00,243
"WE TRIED TO DEAL WITH OUR

1294
00:35:00,309 --> 00:35:01,343
ORIGINAL SIN OF SLAVERY BY

1295
00:35:01,409 --> 00:35:03,076
FIGHTING A CIVIL WAR -- WHICH I

1296
00:35:03,143 --> 00:35:04,343
DIDN'T HAVE TO TAKE A SIDE IN --

1297
00:35:04,409 --> 00:35:05,909
BY PASSING CIVIL RIGHTS

1298
00:35:05,976 --> 00:35:06,876
LEGISLATION -- WHICH I DIDN'T

1299
00:35:06,943 --> 00:35:09,443
HAVE TO TAKE A POSITION ON --

1300
00:35:09,509 --> 00:35:10,976
AND BY ELECTING AN

1301
00:35:11,043 --> 00:35:12,476
AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESIDENT --

1302
00:35:12,543 --> 00:35:13,376
WHO I'VE ALWAYS BEEN AGAINST.

1303
00:35:13,443 --> 00:35:14,409
THIS COUNTRY HAS COME A LONG

1304
00:35:14,476 --> 00:35:14,909
WAY, AND, WITH GOD AS MY

1305
00:35:14,976 --> 00:35:15,476
WITNESS, IT WILL NOT GO ANY

1306
00:35:15,543 --> 00:35:17,176
FURTHER."

1307
00:35:17,243 --> 00:35:18,209
BUT THE THING IS, WE'RE NOT

1308
00:35:18,276 --> 00:35:19,976
ACTUALLY TALKING ABOUT

1309
00:35:20,043 --> 00:35:21,109
REPARATIONS FOR SLAVERY HERE --

1310
00:35:21,176 --> 00:35:21,943
WE SHOULD, BUT THAT'S A

1311
00:35:22,009 --> 00:35:23,543
DIFFERENT CONVERSATION.

1312
00:35:23,609 --> 00:35:25,143
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT HOUSING

1313
00:35:25,209 --> 00:35:27,576
DISCRIMINATION.

1314
00:35:27,643 --> 00:35:28,576
MITCH McCONNELL WAS BORN IN

1315
00:35:28,643 --> 00:35:29,809
1942.

1316
00:35:29,876 --> 00:35:31,743
THE FAIR HOUSING ACT WASN'T

1317
00:35:31,809 --> 00:35:34,109
PASSED UNTIL 1968.

1318
00:35:34,176 --> 00:35:35,676
THIS IS QUANTIFIABLE HARM DONE

1319
00:35:35,743 --> 00:35:37,476
IN OUR LIFETIMES TO PEOPLE WHO

1320
00:35:37,543 --> 00:35:40,209
ARE STILL ALIVE.

1321
00:35:40,276 --> 00:35:41,843
AS FOR WHAT REPARATIONS COULD

1322
00:35:41,909 --> 00:35:47,143
LOOK LIKE, THERE HAS BEEN A BILL

1323
00:35:47,209 --> 00:35:49,009
INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE FOR

1324
00:35:49,076 --> 00:35:50,409
30 YEARS BY THE LATE

1325
00:35:50,476 --> 00:35:52,109
JOHN CONYERS TO FORM A

1326
00:35:52,176 --> 00:35:56,609
COMMISSION TO STUDY THIS, AND

1327
00:35:56,676 --> 00:35:58,409
THIS YEAR THE HOUSE JUDICIARY

1328
00:35:58,476 --> 00:35:59,909
COMMITTEE VOTED TO ADVANCE IT.

1329
00:35:59,976 --> 00:36:00,643
SO IF WE REALLY WANT TO KNOW

1330
00:36:00,709 --> 00:36:01,276
WHAT REPARATIONS COULD LOOK

1331
00:36:01,343 --> 00:36:02,109
LIKE, WE CAN PASS THAT BILL AND

1332
00:36:02,176 --> 00:36:02,609
FIND OUT.

1333
00:36:02,676 --> 00:36:03,676
BUT TO BE CLEAR: WE DON'T REALLY

1334
00:36:03,743 --> 00:36:04,843
NEED TO STUDY THE "WHETHER," WE

1335
00:36:04,909 --> 00:36:05,543
JUST NEED TO STUDY THE "HOW."

1336
00:36:05,609 --> 00:36:06,476
BECAUSE WE KNOW WHAT THE

1337
00:36:06,543 --> 00:36:07,943
GOVERNMENT DID, AND WE KNOW THE

1338
00:36:08,009 --> 00:36:10,009
EFFECT IT HAD.

1339
00:36:10,076 --> 00:36:14,076
AND THERE ARE POTENTIAL MODELS

1340
00:36:14,143 --> 00:36:15,709
FOR US TO LEARN FROM -- FROM

1341
00:36:15,776 --> 00:36:17,309
GERMANY PAYING REPARATIONS TO

1342
00:36:17,376 --> 00:36:18,709
HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS TO THE U.S.

1343
00:36:18,776 --> 00:36:20,609
PAYING JAPANESE AMERICANS WHO

1344
00:36:20,676 --> 00:36:21,443
WERE INTERNED IN WORLD WAR II.

1345
00:36:21,509 --> 00:36:22,809
AND IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR MORE

1346
00:36:22,876 --> 00:36:23,343
RECENT EXAMPLES, EVANSTON,

1347
00:36:23,409 --> 00:36:24,643
ILLINOIS, RECENTLY VOTED TO USE

1348
00:36:24,709 --> 00:36:25,276
REVENUE FROM LEGAL WEED TO

1349
00:36:25,343 --> 00:36:26,976
PROVIDE GRANTS TO ASSIST BLACK

1350
00:36:27,043 --> 00:36:27,776
PEOPLE WHO LIVED THERE FROM 1919

1351
00:36:27,843 --> 00:36:30,443
TO 1969 AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.

1352
00:36:30,509 --> 00:36:31,776
NOW, DOES THAT PROGRAM FIX

1353
00:36:31,843 --> 00:36:34,976
EVERYTHING?

1354
00:36:35,043 --> 00:36:38,343
NO, OF COURSE NOT.

1355
00:36:38,409 --> 00:36:39,276
ITS FIRST PHASE MAKES AVAILABLE

1356
00:36:39,343 --> 00:36:41,176
UP TO $25,000 FOR EACH

1357
00:36:41,243 --> 00:36:41,809
PARTICIPANT, WHO CAN ONLY SPEND

1358
00:36:41,876 --> 00:36:42,376
THAT MONEY ON BUYING OR

1359
00:36:42,443 --> 00:36:42,943
RENOVATING A HOUSE OR PAYING

1360
00:36:43,043 --> 00:36:43,776
DOWN THEIR MORTGAGE.

1361
00:36:43,843 --> 00:36:45,876
AND THE INITIAL BUDGET FOR THE

1362
00:36:45,943 --> 00:36:46,909
PROGRAM IS ONLY $400,000, SO IT

1363
00:36:46,976 --> 00:36:48,343
MIGHT WELL BE LIMITED TO 16

1364
00:36:48,409 --> 00:36:53,143
PEOPLE.

1365
00:36:53,209 --> 00:36:54,609
BUT IT IS AT LEAST A REAL

1366
00:36:54,676 --> 00:36:55,709
ATTEMPT TO BOTH ACKNOWLEDGE AND

1367
00:36:55,776 --> 00:36:57,476
REDRESS HARM.

1368
00:36:57,543 --> 00:36:58,376
AND ULTIMATELY, THIS ISN'T

1369
00:36:58,443 --> 00:36:59,309
SOMETHING CITIES, OR EVEN

1370
00:36:59,376 --> 00:37:01,109
STATES, CAN DO ON THEIR OWN.

1371
00:37:01,176 --> 00:37:03,543
IT TOOK THE POWER AND RESOURCES

1372
00:37:03,609 --> 00:37:05,109
OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO

1373
00:37:05,176 --> 00:37:06,809
ENFORCE RACISM ON THIS SCALE,

1374
00:37:06,876 --> 00:37:08,676
AND ONLY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

1375
00:37:08,743 --> 00:37:10,243
CAN TRULY GRAPPLE WITH THE

1376
00:37:10,309 --> 00:37:11,643
CONSEQUENCES.

1377
00:37:11,709 --> 00:37:12,543
AND THERE ARE SOME -- LIKE

1378
00:37:12,609 --> 00:37:13,576
NIKOLE HANNAH-JONES -- WHO HAVE

1379
00:37:13,643 --> 00:37:14,476
SOME PRETTY SPECIFIC IDEAS ON

1380
00:37:14,543 --> 00:37:15,676
WHAT THAT GRAPPLING COULD LOOK

1381
00:37:15,743 --> 00:37:20,309
LIKE.

1382
00:37:20,376 --> 00:37:24,276
>> SO, TO ME, REPARATIONS HAS TO

1383
00:37:24,343 --> 00:37:25,176
BE THREE-PRONGED.

1384
00:37:25,243 --> 00:37:26,209
RECOMMITMENT TO STRONG

1385
00:37:26,276 --> 00:37:27,643
ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL RIGHTS

1386
00:37:27,709 --> 00:37:28,843
LAWS, BECAUSE YOU CAN GET THIS

1387
00:37:28,909 --> 00:37:31,243
ECONOMIC PAYMENT, BUT WE KNOW

1388
00:37:31,309 --> 00:37:32,276
THAT BLACK PEOPLE STILL FACE

1389
00:37:32,343 --> 00:37:34,176
DISCRIMINATION IN EVERY ASPECT

1390
00:37:34,243 --> 00:37:35,043
OF AMERICAN SOCIETY.

1391
00:37:35,109 --> 00:37:36,576
AND I THINK THERE NEEDS TO BE A

1392
00:37:36,643 --> 00:37:40,609
REALLY LARGE INVESTMENT OF

1393
00:37:40,676 --> 00:37:42,043
RESOURCES INTO THE BLACK

1394
00:37:42,109 --> 00:37:43,243
COMMUNITY THAT HAVE HAD THAT

1395
00:37:43,309 --> 00:37:45,209
WEALTH EXTRACTED AND HAVE BEEN

1396
00:37:45,276 --> 00:37:47,576
DENIED THE ABILITY TO LIVE LIKE

1397
00:37:47,643 --> 00:37:48,209
OTHER AMERICANS.

1398
00:37:48,276 --> 00:37:52,076
AND I THINK ANYONE WHO IS

1399
00:37:52,143 --> 00:37:54,076
REPARATIONS THAT IS NOT GOING

1400
00:37:54,143 --> 00:37:56,809
FOR A CASH PAYMENT IS BASICALLY

1401
00:37:56,876 --> 00:37:57,076
AS RACIST.

1402
00:37:57,143 --> 00:37:58,009
BECAUSE IT'S LIKE, IT'S ONLY

1403
00:37:58,076 --> 00:37:59,276
WHEN IT COMES TO BLACK FOLKS

1404
00:37:59,343 --> 00:38:01,276
THAT WE ARE SO CONCERNED WITH

1405
00:38:01,343 --> 00:38:02,809
HOW PEOPLE ARE GOING TO SPEND.

1406
00:38:02,876 --> 00:38:04,476
>> DON'T KNOW IF THEY KNOW HOW

1407
00:38:04,543 --> 00:38:06,243
TO SPEND THAT MONEY RESPONSIBLY.

1408
00:38:06,309 --> 00:38:08,176
>> I SAY THIS JOKINGLY BUT HALF

1409
00:38:08,243 --> 00:38:09,343
JOKINGLY.

1410
00:38:09,409 --> 00:38:12,076
IF I WANT TO SPEND MY

1411
00:38:12,143 --> 00:38:13,509
REPARATIONS ON ALL GUCCI, THAT

1412
00:38:13,576 --> 00:38:16,576
IS MY RIGHT.

1413
00:38:16,643 --> 00:38:17,543
>> John: YEAH, BLACK PEOPLE

1414
00:38:17,609 --> 00:38:18,076
SHOULD GET TO

1415
00:38:18,143 --> 00:38:18,676
DECIDE HOW TO SPEND THE MONEY

1416
00:38:18,743 --> 00:38:19,276
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GIVES

1417
00:38:19,343 --> 00:38:20,443
THEM, IN THE SAME WAY WHITE

1418
00:38:20,509 --> 00:38:21,009
PEOPLE GOT TO DECIDE HOW TO

1419
00:38:21,076 --> 00:38:21,543
SPEND ALL THE BILLIONS OF

1420
00:38:21,609 --> 00:38:22,209
DOLLARS IN WEALTH IT CREATED FOR

1421
00:38:22,276 --> 00:38:22,576
THEM.

1422
00:38:22,643 --> 00:38:24,676
I PROMISE YOU NOT ALL THAT MONEY

1423
00:38:24,743 --> 00:38:25,543
HAS BEEN SPENT RESPONSIBLY.

1424
00:38:25,609 --> 00:38:26,143
JUST THINK HOW MUCH OF IT HAS

1425
00:38:26,209 --> 00:38:26,809
GONE TOWARDS THOMAS KINKADE

1426
00:38:26,876 --> 00:38:28,443
PAINTINGS.

1427
00:38:28,509 --> 00:38:29,776
THERE IS ONE, AND ONLY ONE, GOOD

1428
00:38:29,843 --> 00:38:30,876
REASON TO BUY A THOMAS KINKADE

1429
00:38:30,943 --> 00:38:32,676
PAINTING, AND THAT'S TO HELP

1430
00:38:32,743 --> 00:38:33,809
CONVINCE THE APPRAISER THAT YOUR

1431
00:38:33,876 --> 00:38:35,109
FRIEND'S WHITE HUSBAND REALLY

1432
00:38:35,176 --> 00:38:40,409
DOES LIVE IN THIS HOUSE.

1433
00:38:40,476 --> 00:38:41,309
THAT IS IT.

1434
00:38:41,376 --> 00:38:42,243
AND I'M NOT SAYING MONEY ALONE

1435
00:38:42,309 --> 00:38:43,143
IS WHAT'S CALLED FOR HERE.

1436
00:38:43,209 --> 00:38:44,209
AS NIKOLE HANNAH-JONES POINTED

1437
00:38:44,276 --> 00:38:45,343
OUT, SIMPLY HANDING OUT CASH

1438
00:38:45,409 --> 00:38:46,743
WITHOUT CHANGING ANY OF THE

1439
00:38:46,809 --> 00:38:48,443
UNDERLYING STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS

1440
00:38:48,509 --> 00:38:49,809
THAT PRODUCED INEQUALITY IN THE

1441
00:38:49,876 --> 00:38:51,776
FIRST PLACE WOULD BE A BIG

1442
00:38:51,843 --> 00:38:56,309
MISTAKE.

1443
00:38:56,376 --> 00:38:58,376
THIS IS A BOTH/AND SITUATION.

1444
00:38:58,443 --> 00:38:59,076
BUT ULTIMATELY, THE ONLY REAL

1445
00:38:59,143 --> 00:38:59,709
STRANGE THING ABOUT PAYING

1446
00:38:59,776 --> 00:39:01,109
REPARATIONS TO BLACK PEOPLE IS

1447
00:39:01,176 --> 00:39:04,276
THAT WE HAVEN'T DONE IT YET.

1448
00:39:04,343 --> 00:39:04,876
JUST LIKE IT'S STRANGE THAT IT

1449
00:39:04,943 --> 00:39:05,676
HAS TAKEN SO LONG TO GIVE

1450
00:39:05,743 --> 00:39:06,509
BRUCE'S BEACH BACK TO THE

1451
00:39:06,576 --> 00:39:08,276
BRUCES.

1452
00:39:08,343 --> 00:39:09,543
IN BOTH CASES, THE RIGHT THING

1453
00:39:09,609 --> 00:39:11,876
TO DO COULDN'T BE CLEARER.

1454
00:39:11,943 --> 00:39:13,576
WHEN YOU DEPRIVE SOMEBODY OF

1455
00:39:13,643 --> 00:39:14,976
SOMETHING, YOU MAKE IT RIGHT BY

1456
00:39:15,043 --> 00:39:17,209
PAYING WHAT YOU OWE.

1457
00:39:17,276 --> 00:39:19,509
NOW, FIGURING OUT EXACTLY HOW TO

1458
00:39:19,576 --> 00:39:24,409
PAY MIGHT GET COMPLICATED, BUT

1459
00:39:24,476 --> 00:39:25,843
REALIZING THAT YOU HAVE TO

1460
00:39:25,909 --> 00:39:28,576
SHOULD BE PRETTY SIMPLE.

1461
00:39:28,643 --> 00:39:30,043
BECAUSE THIS IS A WOUND THAT WE

1462
00:39:30,109 --> 00:39:32,676
ARE ACTIVELY CHOOSING NOT TO

1463
00:39:32,743 --> 00:39:34,009
HEAL, AND IT IS HURTING REAL

1464
00:39:34,076 --> 00:39:36,409
PEOPLE EVERY DAY.

1465
00:39:36,476 --> 00:39:37,409
AND ALSO TRY AND THINK OF THE

1466
00:39:37,476 --> 00:39:38,009
POSITIVES HERE.

1467
00:39:38,076 --> 00:39:38,709
BECAUSE IF WE DO CHOOSE TO DO

1468
00:39:38,776 --> 00:39:39,676
THE RIGHT THING, AND AFTER ALL

1469
00:39:39,743 --> 00:39:40,643
THESE YEARS, REDRESS THIS WRONG,

1470
00:39:40,709 --> 00:39:43,143
WE MIGHT FINALLY LIVE UP TO THIS

1471
00:39:43,209 --> 00:39:47,109
COUNTRY'S HIGHEST POTENTIAL, AND

1472
00:39:47,176 --> 00:39:49,176
THAT IS TO BECOME A NATION OF

1473
00:39:49,243 --> 00:39:53,276
ROSE AND ANGIES GETTING

1474
00:39:53,343 --> 00:39:54,176
ABSOLUTELY DAY-WASTED ON

1475
00:39:54,243 --> 00:39:55,076
OUR PORCHES.

1476
00:39:55,143 --> 00:39:57,776
THAT'S OUR SHOW.

1477
00:39:57,843 --> 00:39:58,743
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR WATCHING.

1478
00:39:58,809 --> 00:40:01,443
SEE YOU NEXT WEEK, GOOD NIGHT!

1479
00:40:01,509 --> 00:40:04,176
♪ ♪