[ifhtif; ridkeJY
orD;av;udkaMumufvefYapzdkYr&nf&G,fygbl;
Adkufuav;udkerf;r,faemf
Adkufuav;udkerf;w,faemf
aumif;w,f 'gayr,fhenf;enf;avmufcsJUoifhw,f
tJ'DrSm rGef;pwm;trsm;BuD;&Sdapcsifw,f
vmzrf;r,faemf rmADav;
vmzrf;r,faemf
tjyifrSmbmawG&SdvJ
tazwdkYb,fawmhrS tJ'DtjyifudkroGm;Mubl;
b,fawmhrSyJ
aemufawmh rGef;pwm;awGxGufajy;Muw,f NyD;awmhykef;aeMu&w,f
'gayr,fh [,f&DeJYvlom;awGu olwdkYudkawGYoGm;Muw,f olwdkY&JUtdyf&mawGuaexGuffajy;Mu&w,f
-orD;aMumufaeNyD -olwdkY&JUt0wfawGudkrD;&dIUypfMuw,f
NyD;awmh olwdkY&JUajcacsmif;av;awGudkudkufw,f
NyD;awmh olwdkY&JUoMum;vHk;awGudk,loGm;Muw,f
orD;&JUoMum;vHk;udkawmhr,lygeJY
orD;av; aMumufvefYaep&mrvdkygbl;
orD;&JUtarudktazuwday;cJhw,f orD;udk xm0&umuG,foGm;r,fvdkY
ajcaxmufawGum;NyD; ckefvdkuf
tazhudk,Hkyg
orD;ysHEdkifNyD
MunfhygOD;
jrefjrefav; orD;av; jrefjref
orD;atmifjrifoGm;NyD
cGifhjyKyg q&m
bmvJ
bmrSrjzpfygbl;
tqifoifhjzpfNyD
Munfhaumif;om;yJ
rGef;pwm;awGyJ 0ifvdkY&wmrvm;
aocsmwmaygh
vHk;0udkaocsmzHk;uG,fxm;wm
a&SUrSm {u400avmuf&SdwJho&JajcmufwJh awmtkyf&Sdw,f
NyD;awmh zkwfaumifawG&JUe,fajr&Sdw,f
tem;udkvmMunfhwJhb,fvlom;rqdk tjrefxGufajy; oGm;Mu&r,f
'gaygh awmfw,fav
bmrD;yGJrSr&Sdap&bl;
tif; rD;avmifrIYr&Sdap&bl; igem;vnfw,f
tcsdefusNyD ightcspfrmwm
igwdkYrmADtwGuftNrJwrf;ajymcJhMuwJhae&maygh
orD;av;udk 'DrSmb,folrStEÅ&m,frjyKap&bl;
[kwfw,f aemufrSmnpfywfoGm;w,f
[dkw,f x&efpfaA;eD;,m;uBudKqdkygw,f
1898uwnf;u vlom;awGr&SdcJhwm
tvHkNcHKqHk;ae&myJ
vrf;nTefpmtkyf,lMu
yGJawmftwGuftpDtpOfawG ig'DZdkif;zefwD;cJhwm
tm;vHk;ureufjzefighorD;&JUarG;aeYtwGufyJ
igwdkYESpfwdkif;tNrJwrf;arQmfaeMuwm
igwdkYt&rf;udkvHkNcHKrIY&Sdygw,f
'gaygh 'gaMumifhyJigwdkY'gudkwnfaqmufcJhwmaygh
tif; r*Fvmnaecif;yg
aus;Zl;yJ rmwD
rif;jzLzyfjzLa&mfjzpfaew,f
q&m
uRefawmfwdkYa&tdrftvsiftjrefjyifzdkY vdkygw,f
a&tdrfvm; vkyfxm;
rpöwm *dkvD*ef
tcef;348 tdrfomydwfqdkYaew,f
bmrSrjzpfygbl; igwdkYtm;vHk;AdkufemMuwmyJ rpöwm ajcjym;BuD;
uav;awG rajy;MueJYav
rif;wdkYawGtareJYtazhudkyJpdwfqif;&Jatmif vkyf&rSmav
tck 'Dvdkvkyfp&mvm;
'gu[dkw,fav ocFsKdif;ajrr[kwfbl;
aqm&D; tefu,f'&uf
'&uf aeaumif;&JUvm;
aumif;ygh oli,fcsif;a[mif;BuD;
'Dydwf&uftwGuf rapmifhEdkifatmifjzpfrdw,f
ESpf&ufavmuf tarSmifxJuxGufvm&wmtNrJwrf;aumif;wmyJ
rif;wdkYrdom;pku t&rf;rdkufw,fuGm
olwdkYvkyfcJhwmawGtwGuf ig&Sif;vdkufyg&ap
oefY&Sif;a&;vmr,f
z&efuD ighaumifBuD;Munfhprf;ygOD;
ar;vfyHkpHeJY c&D;oGm;aewkef;yJaemf
aiGaMumifhr[kwfygbl;
igav,mOfpD;&wmaMumufwJha&m*g&Sdwmyg [kwfNyDvm;
igqdkvdkwmu tJ'DtcsdefrSmtif*sifawGuav..
rD;xGufwmaygh [kwfw,f
qdk;&Gm;wJhrD;aygh
igwdkYodygw,f
tm*gpwuf ydk&Dacgif; vkyfMuprf;yg
tJ'gu z&efuifpwdkif;&JUacgif;yHkeJYwlvm;
a[;'&uf rif;&JU0wf&HktaemufrSmbmjzpfaewmvJ
bmajymwmvJ
b,folighudkwGef;wmvJ
tjypf&Sdygw,f rif;uxif&Sm;vGef;vdkYyg
tif; awmfawmfaysmf&ygw,f udk,faysmufaumif
[,fvdk awGY&wm0rf;omygw,f
b,fawmhrStdkoGm;w,fr&Sdbl;
vGJoGm;NyD
vGJw,f vGJw,f vGJw,f
tdkau rif;Edkifygw,f 'Dtom;udk udkifxm;ay;yg
bmvdkY'gudkudkifxm;&rSmvJ
olwdkYudkz,fay;prf;yg
ygwDudkvmNyDa[h
[,fvdk rma&;
'&uf b,fvdkvJ
oJawGuG rma&;&
tNrJwrf;oJawGcsnf;yJ
0lzD 0rf'g z&efY
'Daumifhudkigawmhoabmusw,f
olutNrJwrf;tiftm;tjynfheJYyJ
rif;uydefwJhyHkaygufaew,f
rif;uacgif;oyfoyfyJav
tdkau rif;'gtwGufay;qyf&r,f
'gqdk b,fvdkvJ '&uf
[dkw,fuMunfhaumif;aeygvm;
a[;abmf'gwdkY 'gudkMunfhxm;
'geJYtJ'Dvrf;nTefcsufawGeJYywfoufNyD; rif;ajymwmrSefw,f
aumif;w,f
[kwfw,f igusm;rawGudk,loGm;w,f
Edkif;jrpfudkjzwfNyD;awmhav tJ'DrSmbmrD;ydGKifhrS r&Sdbl;
rif;vmaemufaewmyJ
igh&JUt0ifcef;rBuD;rSmvm;
'&uf igusdefw,f'grsKd;igrvkyfbl;
oefY&Sif;a&;vmr,f
tJ'gigvkyfwmr[kwfbl;aemf
tqifoifhjzpfNyD
rmwmom'gudkMunfhzdkY&SdcJh&ifaumif;rSmyJ
olrtNrJwrf;'DrSm&SdaerSmyg 0rf'g
tdkau rdwfaqGwdkY
rif;wdkYtm;vHk;*kPfjyKzdkYa&mufvmwm0rf;omw,f
igh&JUorD;i,fav;rmADtwGufaemufxyfarG;aeY a&mufvmygNyD
NyD;awmhaemufxyfatmifjrifwJhESpfwpfESpfygyJ olwdkYqDuvGwfajrmufjcif;
'gawGut&ifuvlom;yHk&dyfawGygyJ
igwdkY&JUaxmufvSrf;a&;awG&dkufxm;wmyg
olwdkYawGuydkydkNyD;0vmw,f 'gaMumifhigwdkYxuf ydkNyD;tiftm;BuD;vmw,f
NyD;awmh t0wftpm;awG0wfwmenf;vmw,f
igwdkYqDvmzdkYydkNyD;awmh vG,fulatmifav
NyD;awmhigwdkY&JUacgif;awGudkjzwfNyD; tJ'Day:rSm oMum;vHk;awGwifxm;rSm
'gayr,fh olwdkYawGb,fawmhrS
igwdkYudk'DrSm&SmawGYrSm r[kwfbl;
raumif;qdk;0g;ADvdef rif;b,fawmhrSrEdkifap&bl;
tdkau aysmfp&mawGrdepf30twGif;pr,f
tckawmh igh&JUorD;av;udkoGm;awGY&r,f
oltJ'Davmufxdri,fawmhbl;aemf
[kwfw,f i,fao;w,f
tJ'DrSmbmawGjzpfaewmvJ
igwdkU[dkw,fa&mufNyDvm;
z&efY igwdkYESpfa,muftwltESdyfcHzdkY bGwfuif vkyfxm;NyD;NyDvm;
[ef;bwfrSm igwdkYtwGufpm;yGJwpf0dkif;pDpOfNyD;NyDvm;
eifbmawGvkyfNyD;NyDvJ
BudKqdkygw,f
bmawGjzpfaewmvJ
taz ajymcJhw,fav
orD;touf118ESpfa&mufwmeJY orD;avmuBuD;xJ oGm;Edkifr,fvdkYav
wpfjcm;t&G,fa&mufNyD;om;olawGvdkav 'D[dkw,fuae 0ifvdkufxGufvdkufaygh
'gayr,fh arADa0AD tJ'grvHkNcHKbl; bvyfbvyfbvyf
taz vGefcJhwJhESpf30avmufuuwday;cJhw,fav
orD;wdkYESpfa,mufvHk;<uufawGpm;cJhwmrSwfrdw,f
NyD;awmh tazorD;udkuwday;cJhw,fav
raESmuf,SufygeJY
-raESmuf,SufygeJY -raESmuf,SufygeJY
raESmuf,SufygeJY
-raESmuf,SufygeJY -raESmuf,SufygeJY
-*Gwfarmeif;yg
trsKd;orD; 'Dtcef;udkoefY&Sif;a&;vkyfay;yg
rif;ygvm; a&mufvmwm0rf;omp&myJ
-olrEdk;ao;bl;vm; -olEdk;aeygNyD
oluoGm;zdkYtoifhyJ igqdkvdkwmuoGm;r,fqdkwmav oGm;NyD;awmhavmuBuD;udkavhvmrSm
rif;bmvkyfrSmvJ rif;bmajymrSmvJ
igudkifwG,fvdkufyghr,f aus;Zl;jyKNyD;at;aq;aygh rif;tvkyfomvkyfyg
*Gwfarmeif; arADa0AD
aysmfp&marG;aeYyg orD;av;
aus;Zl;yJ taz
orD;arG;aeYqdkwm odygw,f
tazaysmfp&mawGtrsm;BuD;pDpOfxm;w,f
'gayr,fhyxrqHk; tazwdkYuif;NrDS;aumufawGudk twlzrf;Mu&atmif
tazwdkYESpfa,mufwnf;yJav
taz aus;Zl;jyKNyD; orD;ajymyg&ap
orD;wdkYajym&rSm&Sdw,f
avmuBuD;udkorD;avhvmcsifw,frvm; &w,f
taz'Dvdkajymr,fqdkwm orD;odom;yJ
'gayr,fhtaz orD;udkuwday;cJhw,fav
tazaumorD;aumodygw,f '&ufulvm&JU uwducsKd;azmufvdkYr&bl;qdkwmudk
tJ'gorD;wdkY&JU,HkMunfcsufudk..
aeygOD; bmvJ
orD;oGm;vdkY&w,fvdkY tazajymcJhwmav
orD;eJYvmupm;aewmyJ
r[kwfbl; orD;uudk,fhudkudk,fxdef;ausmif;zdkY t&G,fa&mufNyDav
udk,fydkifa&G;cs,frIYawGvkyfzdkY t&G,fa&mufaeNyD
orD;oGm;Edkifygw,f
wu,fvm; aysmfp&myJ
aeygOD;
aeygOD; cspfpG,fav;
b,foGm;rvdkYvJ
orD;yg&m'dkufudk oGm;rvdkYav
'gawGuorD;vdktyfr,fvdkYxifwJh ypönf;awGyg
-yg&m'dkufvm; -tif; tazodygw,f
tJ'DrSm tazeJYtarawGYcJhMuwmav
tefwD0rf'guajymw,f tazwdkYESpfa,mufu
tazwdkYuvdkufzufwJhpHkwGJyJwJh
tJ'gawmhtazrodbl;
tJ'Duwfudkb,fu &SmawGYcJhwmvJ
tazh&JUtHqGJwpfckxJuyg
tazwdkYb,fvdkawGYcJhvJqdkwm bmvkdYorD;udk rajymjy&wmvJ
wu,fawmh tJ'gu [m0dkiftD yg
[m..0g.. bmvJ
'DrSm orD;t&rf;pdwfvIyf&Sm;aewmtazodygw,f
'gayr,fh vlwdkif;uorD;&JUarG;aeYyGJrSmorD;udk awGYzdkYvmMuwmav
orD;odygw,f olwdkYtNrJwrf;tJ'DvdkygyJ
'gayr,fh 'DygwDawGtwGuforD;enf;enf;awmh t&G,fa&mufvmNyD r[kwfvm;
orD;olwdkYudkcspfygw,f 'gayr,fhtopftqef;awGudk orD;Munfhcsifw,fav
orD;t&G,fwpfa,mufa,mufudkawGYwmrsKd;aygh
tJ'DvdkrvkyfygeJY
tJ'Doem;p&mvif;EdkYrsufESmav;rjyygeJY
tdkau vlom;&Gmwpf&Gm&Sdw,f
ocFsKdif;ajruaeenf;enf;avmufjzwfausmfoGm;&ifaygh
orD;tJ'DudkoGm;NyD;jyefvmcJhaygh rdepf30avmufav
tJ'gyxrqHk;taeeJY orD;twGuftcsdeftrsm;BuD;yg
tJ'g[m0D0Dawmhr[kwfbl; 'gayr,fhorD;xifw,f
tJ'DrSmwpfckck&SdaerSmyJ
tdkau tdkau tdkau
orD;udk,HkMunfay;wJhtwGuf aus;Zl;ygyJ
'gaygh orD;av;&JU
tazuwday;xm;w,fav
a[; tcspfuav;
-MunfhygOD; -a[;
reufjzeftwGuf pdwfvIyf&Sm;aewmvm;
tckavmufxdpdwfvIyf&Sm;rSmr[kwfbl;
OD;av;wdkY,HkrSmawmifr[kwfbl; tazuorD;udk cGifhjyKay;w,f
orD;udk,fwdkif vlom;awG&JU&GmudkoGm;MunfhzdkYav
-bmvJ -[ifhtif;
cGifhjyKyg '&uf
eif&l;aeNyDvm;
eifh&JUorD;av;udk tJ'DudkvTwf&avmufatmif
eifigwdkYudkajymjyaewJhtJ'Dqdk;&Gm;wJhvlom;awGqDav
'gaMumifhyJ eif'Dae&mudkaqmufcJhwmav
olwdkYu igwdkYudkrkef;w,f olwdkYupdwfykyfwJholawG
NyD;awmh olwdkYut&rf;toHus,fwmyJ
tefwD ,lepf olwdkYawGajymif;vJoGm;aumif; ajymif;vJoGm;rSmyg
orD;udktJ'DudkysHoGm;NyD;awmh b,fvdktaetxm;&SdvJ Munfhwmaygh
tdkau tcspfav; ab;uif;ygap
aEG;axG;wJht0wfawGeJY "g;wpfacsmif;,lcJhaemf
NyD;awmh cuf&if;cGBuD;awGudkvnf;owdxm;aemf
orD;&JUOD;aESmufudkolwdkYrxkwfrdapeJYaemf
tarSmifxJrSmyJaeyg
tdrfatmufuaeoGm;&wmydkNyD;awmh aysmfp&maumif;rSmyg
abmf'gwdkY olrxdef;odrf;Edkifygw,f
olu '&ufulvmav
'gayr,fh twnfajymwmrD;awGudkowdxm;
qdk;&Gm;wJhrD;awG
tm;vHk;yJ EIwfqufw,faemf
'&uf olrxGufoGm;wmudkrif;pdwfat;at;xm;Edkifwm igr,HkEdkifatmifjzpfrdw,f
igrif;twGuf *kPf,lygw,f
'&uf
'&uf b,fa&mufoGm;wmvJ
t&rf;rdkufwmyJ
tazajymcJhwJhtwdkif;yJ 'DrSmocFsKdif;&Sdw,f
[,fvdk
wpfa,mufa,mufrsm;&Sdvm;
aoG;pkyfaumifawG ajcacsmif;awGudkudkufMu
[dkif; vlom;wdkY
tqifajyMu&JUvm; uRefremrnfu rmAD'&ufulvmyg uRefru...
aoG;pkyfaumif
-t0wftpm;awGrD;&dIUypf -uRefrt0wfawGudkrD;&dIUzdkYvm;
-wu,fvm; -aoG;pkyfaumif
-igwdkYrif;&JUoMum;vHk;udk,lr,f -oMum;vHk;
uRefrucifrifcsifwmyg wu,fyg
-pdwfat;at;xm;Muyg -oMum;vHk;
uRefruEIwfqufcsif&Hkoufoufyg
aus;Zl;jyKNyD; uRefrb,foludkrStEÅ&m,frjyKygbl;
uRefravhvmoif,lNyD;om;yg
tJ'g MuufoGefjzLvm;
&SifwdkYawGrD;avmifaeNyDaemf
uRefrbmrsm;vkyfay;&rvJ uRefrbmulnDay;&rvJ
tazajymwmrSefw,f
tJ'gtvkyfjzpfom;yJ
tckighorD;av;wpfoufvHk;ab;uif;awmhr,f
aumif;NyD tm;vHk;yJtvkyfjyefvkyfMuyg
a[; rif;tJ'Dt&kyfrvdkygbl;
tJ'gudk'DrSmxm;cJh
rif;b,fa&mufaewmvJ
bmvdkY'DrSmcdk;aMumifcdk;0SufvkyfaewmvJ
wdwfwdwfae
orD;av; tdrfapmapmjyefa&mufaewmvm;
0ifcJhyg taz
b,fvdkaevJ avmuBuD;ub,fvdkvJ
tJ'DrSmb,fvdkjzpfcJhvJ
tdkauygw,f taz
bmvJ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
tazajymwmrSefygw,f
vlom;awGu tvGefqdk;0g;w,f
olwdkYutazajymcJhwJhtwdkif;yJ
-olwdkYuorD;&JUajcacsmif;av;awGukdudkufcsifw,f -orD;ajcacsmif;av;awgudkvm;
NyD;awmh olwdkYaygifrkefYay:rSmMuufoGefjzLxnfhxm;w,f
bm tazhudkMunfhygOD;
tazt&rf;aMumufrdw,f
tazpdwfraumif;ygbl; orD;av;
orD;tJ'gudkawGYcJhwm tazrkef;rdw,f
tazhtay:oHo,jzpfrdcJhwJhtwGuf awmif;yefygw,f
orD;'Duaeb,fawmhrSxGufroGm;awmhygbl;
tdkau tdkau
'DrSm orD;twGuftaumif;qHk;arG;aeYjzpfatmif tazzefwD;ay;r,f
tazbm,lvmcJhvJ Munfhyg
ydk;udwfyJ
xyfNyD;awmh0rf;enf;raeeJYawmh
rSwfrdvm; 'DESpfuorD;tar&JUorD;twGuf vufaqmifudkzGifhMunfh&rJhESpfav
tar orD;twGufbmay;cJhwmvJ
tazwdkYawGYrSmyg
orD;touf 118ESpfrjynfhciftxdzGifhrMunhf&bl;vdkY olrSmcJhw,f
'DavmuftMumBuD;tazwdkYapmifhcJhMuw,fav
orD;&JUydk;udwfudkpm;yg
orD;tqifoifhjzpfwJhtcgqif;vmcJh tcspfuav;
rif;bmvkyfcJhwmvJ
igvkyf&rSmudkav
wpfaeYus&if olighudkaus;Zl;wifrSmyg
[kwfw,f ighacgif;udkjzwfcJhwJhaumifvnf; tJ'DvdkajymcJhwmyJav
bmvdkcsifvdkYvJ uGwfuD;vm;
rif;wdkYvkyfwmaumif;w,f
oGm;ygawmh
[kwfNyD
aoG;pkyfaumif
vlom;wpfa,mufyJ
rif;ub,folvJ 'Dae&mudkb,fvdk&SmawGYcJhwmvJ
uRefawmfu a*smfeoefyg
uRefawmfuawmifwuform;wpfa,mufyg
'DawmtkyfBuD;taMumif; uRefawmfMum;cJhw,f
'DwapäawmtkyfBuD;xJudk b,folroGm;&JwmvJ [kwfvm;
aemufawmh rD;pGJaewJhvlwpfcsKdUudkawGYcJhw,f
olwdkYaemufuvdkufcJhwmyg t&rf;rdkufwJh &JwdkufBuD;yJ
'gaygh awmfw,fav
bmrD;avmifyGJrSr&Sdbl;
-rif;wdkYvlb,fESpfa,muf&SdvJ -uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf;ygyJ
uRefawmfuwpfudk,fawmfvIyf&Sm;&wmBudKufw,fav
awmifwuform;awGpufbD;pD;orm;awGtwGuf wnf;cdkcef;rSmt&rf;rdkufwJhvlawGeJYawGYEdkifw,f
t&rf;rdkufwmawGajymMuw,f 'D0wf&Hkudk uRefawmft&l;trl;jzpfrdw,f
'Dae&mrSm 0wfpHkygwDyGJrsKd;vm;
igbmawGrsm;vkyfrdcJhygvdrfh
'gtm;vHk;ightrSm;yJ
rif;xGufoGm;&r,f
-tdk Edk; -'DrSm
a&uefxJutpm;BuD;wJh&Sifh&UJa&csKdig;wpfaumifu t&rf;&dkif;wmyJ
oluRefra,mufrudk pm;vdkufw,f
jyefvmr,faemf
'&ufulvm igwdkYawGua&uefudkMunfhvdkY&wJhtcef;udk rSmcJhwmaemf
tcef;uaumif;ygw,f igwdkYtESdyfcHzdkYbGwfuifvkyfcsifwmyg
-[kwfw,f qGD'ifvdkrsKd; -*syeftESdyfcHyHkrsKd;
-tarT;eHYomawGeJYtESdyfcHcsifwm -ausmbufudkaygh
rif;rSm&Sdvm; igwdkYtESdyfcHcsifwm
-jyefvmcJhr,f rpöwm [dkuf'&mbuf -arQmfvifh&wmyJ
-igawmhoHo,jzpfrdw,f -rif;vkyfrvm;Munfhwmaygh
-tJ'g rpöwm [dkuf'&mbufyJ -aus;Zl;yJ
-awGY&wm0rf;omygw,f -twnfajymwm bmawGjzpfaewmvJ
'DrSmtouf&Iae&wmraumif;bl;
a[; '&ufrmADeJYb,fvdkvJtqifajyvm;
a[; rif;b,fa&mufoGm;wmvJ
&JwdkufBuD;twGufawmh 'Dtcef;uwu,fusOf;wmyJ
tdyf&mr&Sdbl; 'Dt&rf;rdkufwmawGudkvnf;MunfhygOD;
wdwfwdwfae iwHk;aumif
rif;tdwfxJrSm bmvufeufawG,lvmvJ
rif;&JUcuf&if;cGBuD;vm;
igtoufr&IEdkifawmhbl;
tJ'gighudkowfaewmyJ
[kwfw,f tJ'gtaotcsmygyJ
'gubmvJ
ESdyfpufwJht&mvm;
pdwfxdef;csKyfwJhvQKdU0Sufud&d,mvm;
rif;ightawG;awGudk r&bl;rSwf
igcGifhrjyKEdkifbl;
tJ'goDcsif;ygyJ
'DrSm em;axmifMunfh
igh0dnmOfudk,laewmyJ
bmvJ 'Davmufaumif;wmudk tzdk;BuD;vkyfraeygeJY
rif;oGm;zdkYvdkw,f
b,fvlom;rS'D&JwdkufxJ0ifcGifhr&Sdbl; wpfa,mufa,muf rif;udkawGYoGm;cJh&if
'DvHkNcHKa&;[dkw,fudk b,folrSvmMuawmhrSm r[kwfbl;
[kwfw,f vkyfxm;
b,fawmhrSrvmawmhbl;
OD;av;&JU'&ufulvmtoHudkBudKufw,fAsm t&rf;yDjyifw,f
rmADDomrif;udkawGYcJh&if igvdrfcJhwmolodoGm;rSmyJ rjzpfbl;
rmADub,folvJ 'golYtcef;vm;
uRefawmfutcef;azmfawGeJYtqifajyygw,f
uRefawmfunDtpfudkajcmufa,mufeJYBuD;vmwm aygif;aewwfygw,f
olYudkigrowfEdkifbl;
tJ'guESpf&mcsDaewJhrGef;pwm;awGudkjyefac:ovdk jzpfoGm;rSm
wpfcgwkef;u [rf;bwfrSm'Dabmf'gwpfa,mufeJY twlaecJh&w,f
uRefawmfh&JU acgif;avQmf&nfudkcdk;aewmudkrdoGm;wJh wpfa,mufav
uRefawmfu 0dk;vdkYyJajymvdkufw,f oluyef;tdk;eJY uRefawmfhudkypfaygufw,f 'gayr,fholurqdk;ygbl;
rif;bmawGa&&GwfajymaewmvJ
bmvJ 0dk;
'Dt&rf;rdkufwJh0wfpHkawGudkMunfhygOD;
0wfpHkvm;
bmvJ aqm&D;uRefawmfhtdwfr&SdvkdYrjzpfbl;
-uRefawmfydkiforQtJ'DtxJrSmyJ -'DrSmyJ&Sd&r,f
tdkau uRefawmfhtdwfudkESpfoufwmyg
a[; bmvkyfwmvJ
uRefawmfhqHyifudkbmvkyfwmvJ
&yfvdkuf ,m;w,faemf
MunfhMuygOD; iguz&efuef[GefrDyJ
-[kwfw,f [,fvdk -ighudkMunfhygOD;
'gtm;vHk;yHkrSefygyJ 'DrSmbmjyóemrSr&Sdbl; igeJYtwl&Sdaewm rGef;pwm;yg
'Dnvlwdkif;t&rf;rdkufaew,f
aeygOD; bmvdkYuRefawmfwdkYa&SUwHcg;qDoGm;aewmvJ uRefawmfwdkYxGufoGm;&rSmvm;
bGef*sKd '&ufulvm
a[; pepfzD bmjzpfvdkYvJ
tckrvmeJY uGufqDrdk'dk
bmvJ
,kwÅdr&SdwmawGrvkyfeJY
tJ'gvlom;r[kwfbl; tJ'g'&ufulvmuG
&,fp&maumif;vdkufwm igyg
rGwfqD,m
-zGwfvufacsmif;awGyg -zGwfvufacsmif;awGvm;
iguo&uf&Guf(uvDpm)rSmxm;wmav
&kyfqdk;aumif olrBudKufygbl;vdkYrif;udkigajymw,f
-'DzGwfvufacsmif;awGudk 'gayr,fh oifajymawmh...
'D0wfpHkukdMunfhprf;ygOD;
0dk;wu,fygyJ 'gudkb,fvdkrsm;0wfxm;vJvdkYar;csifwmyg
Munfh&wm 'gutppftrSefvdkyJ
ighvufawmifrS0ifoGm;vdkY&w,f
rif;udk,frif;bmvkyfaew,fvdkYxifvJ
olutppfyJ cifAsm;vnf;tppfyJ
[kwfw,f igrif;udktppftrSefxdk;ay;r,f ighrdef;rudkvmrxdeJY
Edk;
tcspfav; orD;b,fa&mufcJhvJqdkwmtefwDrodcJhwmyg
orD;tjyifrSm&SdaeOD;r,fvdkY tefwDwdkYxifxm;wm
tdk; r[kwfygbl;orD;bmaMumifhrsm;xGufoGm;csif&wmvJ rodygbl;
vlom;awGut&rf;ysif;p&maumif;w,f
rmADorD;av; bmjzpfoGm;vJ
tif;xifwmyJ xl;qef;w,f
ighacgif;emoGm;NyD
-tJ'gb,folvJ -b,folubmvJ
tdk; tJ'gyJ
tJ'gb,folrSr[kwfygbl;
-twnfajymaewm taz -tazwJhvm;
tif;igodw,f '&ufulvm&JUorD; yxrqHk;awmhvlwdkif;&l;csifoGm;MuwmyJ
'&ufulvmvm;
tdkau igwdkYoGm;&r,f
aus;Zl;jyKNyD; uRefawmfhudkrowfygeJY uRefawmft&rf;i,fao;w,f
uRefawmfMunfhcsifwJhae&mawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,f
a'hrufo&l;*DwtzGJY&JU *DwyGJvufrSwfawG uRefawmhfrSm&Sdw,f
uRefawmf'DuxGufoGm;&r,f
yg;pyfydwfxm;yg
rif;qlnHae&if igbmrSawG;vdkYr&bl;uG
aqm&D;*vef jyeftdyfygawmh
-cPav; uRefawmfhaoG;awGudkpkyfrSmvm;[if -r,HkMunfwJhvlom;a&m*gyJ
vlom;awGut&rf;0apw,f tJ'gb,fu&vmvJ rif;b,fawmhrSodrSmr[kwfbl;
'gqdk'&ufulvmu aoG;raomufbl;vm;
[ifhtif; iguaoG;udktpm;xdk;wmyg
aoG;eD;eD;aygh 'grSr[kwf wpfjcm;aoG;aygh bmrSjcm;em;rIYr&Sdygbl;
'gqdkOD;av;u wu,fholawmfaumif;'&ufulvmyJ
'grsKd;aygh igu'&ufulvm bvyfbvyfbvyf
igtJ'DvdkwpfcgrSrajymcJhzl;bl; bvyfbvyfbvyf
tJ'gb,fua&mufvmrSef;igrodbl;
ar;vdkY&rvm; 'Dae&mubmvJ
'Dae&mvm;
'gurGef;pwm;tm;vHk;twGuf igwnfaqmufxm;wm
ykef;uG,faevdkY&atmif vlom;rsKd;EG,fawGqDuaeav
olwdkYawGrdom;pkawGeJY vmMuw,f
rD;wkwfawG cuf&if;cGBuD;awG a'gojzpfaewJh vltkyfBuD;awGr&SdwJhae&m
Nidrf;csrf;wJhae&m at;csrf;wJhae&m
NyD;awmh taESmuft,Sufuif;w,f
rkdufw,f 'gqdktJ'gurGef;pwm;awGtwGuf [dkw,frsKd;vm;
[kwfw,f twdtusyJ rGef;pwm;awGtwGuf [dkw,faygh
tdkau igwdkYoGm;Mur,f
tck OD;av;uvif;EdkYjzpfoGm;NyD
uRefawmftNrJwrf;ysHoef;csifcJhwm tJ'gb,fvdkrsKd;vJ
'g&l;wmyJ cPav;uRefawmfaecsifw,fav
z&efuefpwdkif; uRefawmfh0wfpHkrSmvufrSwf xdk;ay;rSmvm; udk,faysmufaumifeJYawGYvdkY&rvm;
a[; uRefawmfhvufudk,faysmufaumif&JU yg;pyfxJa&mufae&if
-tJ'gaysmufoGm;rSmvm; -[dkif;
rmAD 'DrSmbmvkyfaewmvJ
tazwdkY&JUrdwfaqG jyefawmhrvdkYav
[kwfw,f olighudkjywif;aygufuaeysHNyD;xkwfvmwm
'Daumifu t&rf;&,f&w,f
MunfhygOD; rif;rsufESmrSmwpfckckjzpfaew,f
rif;&JUwefzdk;&SdwJhtdwfudkjyefawGYcsifw,fqdk&if aumif;aumif;o&kyfaqmif
0dk; 'gqdkeifvif;EdkYjzpfoGm;wJhtcgbmt0wftpm;rS r&Sdbl;vm;
'grSr[kwf vif;EdkYqdk'fvm;
tJ'gub,folrsm;vJ
a[mfeDbwf
orD;odwmyJ 'gorD;&JUarG;aeYav
NyD;awmh orD;&JUarG;aeYygwDudktaztaumif;qHk; vkyfay;csifwm orD;vnf;odwmyJ
'gaMumifh taztultnDwpfcsKdUvdkw,fav
tazu tultnDvdkw,fwJhvm;
'DrSm tazut&rf;aumif;ygw,f 'gayr,fh tazxifcJhwmu tJ'g
orD;&JUarG;aeYygwDudkorD;t&G,fwpfa,mufa,muf uulnDay;&if taumif;qHk;txl;jcm;qHk;jzpfr,fvdkYav
-eifuight&G,fyJvm; -tif;
eifhtoufb,favmuf&SdNyDvJ
118ESpf
wpf&meJY..
tif; igu121ESpf
wu,fvm;
awGYvm; tm;vHk;uyHkrSefygyJ
tazuygwDyGJpDpOfaewm oluulnDaewm
-q&m ta&;ay:yg -tckrajymeJYav
igwdkY'DrSmt&rf;udkykHrSefjzpfwJhtaMumif;ajymqdkaewm rjrifbl;vm;
aeygOD; 'DrSmbmawGjzpfaewmvJ
tazh&JUwefzdk;&SdwJh[dkw,frSmta&;ay:jzpfaewm tJ'gudktazu rjyKjyifbl;vm;
bmvdkYvJ olYaMumifhvm;
0dk; ighrsufESmudkMunfhygOD;
r[kwfygbl; olYaMumifhr[kwfygbl;
aumif;w,f 'gqdkvnf;ta&;ay:tajctaeudk oGm;ppfMunfhav olYudkorD;tazmfjyKay;vdkufr,f
-rjzpfbl; -bmvJ
tazqdkvdkwmu tpDtpOfqGJzdkYoltcsdefvdkw,fav
orD;omoleJYtazmfjyKay;&if olbmtpDtpOfrS qGJvdkY&rSmr[kwfbl;
olYrSmtvkyf&Sdao;w,fav
NyD;awmhtpDtpOfu rcs&ao;bl;
-rqdk;bl;yJ -yg;pyfydwfxm;
tdkau 'gqdktpDtpOfcsNyD;NyDqdk&if igwdkYtwlavQmufMunfhMuwmaygh
-aumif;om;yJ -[kwfw,f orD;Mum;w,faemf
aumif;om;yJwJh
'gqdk orD;avQmufMunfhESifhaemufrSawGYr,f tcspfav;
tdkau rif;avQmufoGm;vdkYr&bl;
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh rif;jyef&rSmrdkYvdkYyJ
'gayr,fh OD;av;ajymcJhwmeJUqefYusifbufyJ
'gayr,fh q&mta&;ay:&Sdw,fav
ighaemufvdkufcJh
tJ'Daumifav; teHYuawmh..
uRefawmfwdkYb,foGm;aewmvJ
rif;udkjyefydkYay;aewm
vQKdU0SufvdkPfacgif;ujzwfNyD;awmhav 'grS orD;av; igwdkYudkrawGYrSm
'gqdk uRefawmfwpfckavmufar;vdkY&rvm;
tJ'DMuufoGefjzLeJYywfoufwJht&muav wu,f tppftrSefvm;
[kwfw,f igpm;vdkYr&bl; vnfyif;a,mifw,f
opfom;wkwfcRefeJYESvHk;om;udkxdk;wmusawmhaum
tif; tJ'Dvdkb,folrowfrSmvJ
a&mufNyD
awmif;yefygw,f vrf;aysmufaevdkYyg
tif; cifAsm;wdkY&JU[ef;eD;rGef;qdkwmuRefawmfodygw,f awmif;yefygw,f
cifAsm;vkyfaewmomjyefvkyfMuyg
ig'Datmufudkodyfrvmzl;bl;
vlom;awGusL;ausmfvmwJhtcg 'gudkxGufayguf tjzpfvkyfxm;wm
'gqdk uRefawmfu'Dudka&mufzl;wJhyxrqHk;vlom;aygh wu,frdkufwmyJ
awGYNyD
'gvdkYxifwmyJ
-bmjzpfwmvJ -awmif;yefygw,f
-uRefawmfhtrSm;yg -rif;wdkYaumifawGbmjzpfaeMuwmvJ
'Dae&mut&rf;rdkufwmyJ
tdkau igtckwdwfwdwfaewmudkwu,fyJ toHk;csaewmaemf
aumif;NyD oHk;Budrfajrmufuawmh..
'&uf
tif; z&efuD
a[; bmvkyfaewmvJ
rvIyfeJYaemf
xm;vdkufygawmh rif;wdkYawGbmvkyfaeMuwmvJ
igwdkY&JUrmADygwDtwGuf avhusifha&;vkyfcsifaeMuwm
'Dt&HI;orm;aumifawGu *Dwpifay:uae rqif;bl;av
tdkau zkwfaumifrdkZwfudkcsvdkufyg
bwfeJY bDodkAifaumyJ
rif;wdkYtm;vHk;tprf;avhusifhcef;vkyfNyD;NyDvm; zkwfaumif bD'dkAif
em;axmif'&uf igwdkYt&ifwkef;uvdkrsKd; wpfckckvkyfcsifwmyg
rif;igwdkYeJYtwloDcsif;qdkay;r,fvdkYawmif xifxm;wm
rif;wdkYodygw,f rmwmr&Sduwnf;uvltkyfa&SUrSm igoDcsif;rqdkawmhbl;av
tif; igwdkYawG;cJhygw,f'gayr,fh rmADvHk;0 ESpfoufoGm;rSmav
[ifhtif; vdkYigajymcJhw,f
ighudkxyfrar;MueJY
tdkau tckzkwfaumifawGvkyfygavhap rdwfuyfawGvkyfay;vdkuf
-0dk; olrif;udkwu,faMumufapwmyJ -igraMumufygbl;
igu,Ofaus;wmyg [kwfNyDvm;
a[; eif'DrSmbmvkyfaewmvJ eiftpDtpOfawG vkyfaew,fvdkY igxifwm
eifhemrnfudkaocsmigrodbl;aemf
ighemrnfu rmADyg
rmADvm; wu,faumif;wJhemrnfyJ
[kwfw,f ightaray;cJhwmav
'gqdkeifhemrnf ighudkajymjyrSmvm;
igvm; ighemrnfvm; ar;cGef;aumif;yJ
igu z&efuifpwdkif;yg
eifr[kwfygbl; z&efuifpwdkif;u[dkrSm&SdwJh ighOD;av;yJ
zkwfaumifrdkZwfudk zufxm;wJhwpfa,mufav
[kwfwmaygh olueifhOD;av;yJ
igu 'Dz&efuifpwdkif;r[kwfygbl;
iguolY&JU0rf;uGJ a*smfeDpwdkif;yg
-a*smfeDpwdkif;vm; -a[; rmAD
tJ'gb,folvJ
'DrGef;pwm;awGu uRefawmfhudkowfrSmvm;
olwdkYurif;udkrGef;pwm;vdkYxifaeoa&GU bmrSrjzpfbl;
'gu vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;ovdkrsKd;yJ
igwdkYaemufrSpum;ajymwmaygh
-olighudkvmaemufaewmvm; -r[kwfbl;
r[kwfygbl; bmvdkYvJqdkawmholu..
oluOD;av;&JU 0rf;uGJwpfa,mufyJ a*smfeDpwdkif;
[kwfw,f
ighrSm0rf;uGJawGr&Sdygbl;
r[kwfbl;&Sdw,f oluajcmufa,mufajrmuf0rf;uGJ oHk;cgz,f&Sm;cH&w,f
oifh&JUnmbufvrf;jcrf;uyg
rif;rSm0rf;uGJ&Sdvm;
z&efY rif;&JUvufpum;ajymEdkif&if
rif;vuf&JUrlvydkif&Siffu nDtpfudk&Sdwm olajymjyrSmyg
olutrsKd;orD;wpfa,mufukdvufxyfcJhwm
-b,folvJqdkawmh.. -vnfyif;nSpfxm;wJh0ufwpfaumiftwGuf
ighvufrSm vnfyif;nSpfxm;wJh0ufaoG; &Sdw,fvm;
'grdkufom;yJ
awGY&wm 0rf;omw,f
'gqdk rif;'DudkbmvmvkyfwmvJ a*smfeD
-tJ'gb,folvJ -aqm&D;
igpum;rajymcif toHt&ifay;oifhw,f
'geJY rif;'DudkbmvdkYa&mufvmwmvJ
ygwD pDpOfay;olav
[kwfw,f rpöwm pwdkif;ukdrmAD&JUygwDyGJtwGuf ulnDay;zdkYac:xm;wm
aeygOD; rif;uwpfa,mufa,mufudktultnD awmif;w,fvm;
xdef;csKyfa&;uufywdefaMumifNyDvm;
[kwfw,f rmADeJYoufwl&G,fwl&SdrJholwpfa,muf &SdwmtoHk;0ifr,fvdkY igxifvdkYyg
[kwfw,f olvHk;0udktopftqef;vdkaewm
tdkau a*smfeD [kdrSm&SdwJhrpöwm wdkufaumzifu
'Daygif'g&dkufxm;wJh'ku©dwaumifawGudk ygwDrSmxnfhzdkYpDpOfaewmav
'gaMumifh igwdkYawGenf;enf;avmufprf;MunfhvdkY &r,fvdkYxifxm;wm
0dk; tm;vHk;&w,fvm; Munfh&atmif
cPav;yg
&yfvdkufygawmh
'gucspfp&maumif;ygw,f 'gayr,fht&rf;udk a[mif;aeNyD
[kwfw,f aus;Zl;yJ a*smfeD
OD;av;wdkYvHk;0udkZmwf&SdefwufrSmrsKd;vkyf&rSm
'DrSm uRefawmfjyr,f
0HykavGOD;av; cyfjyif;jyif;av;csr,f
2 3 4
-118 -118vdkYajym
118
pifay:uckefcsNyDaemf
t&rf;rdkufw,f
igawmhvHk;0udkBudKufoGm;NyDaemf
igh&JU0rf;uGJvkyfEdkifNyDvdkYxifw,f
taumif;qHk;ygwDudkav
igwdkYwpfcsKdU&Sm&ifaumif;rvm;yJ
igwkdYuyGJ&Sdoifhw,f
igwdkYtJ'gbmrSrvkyfbl;
igwdkYtcsdefpm&if;twdkif;yJ&Sd&r,f [kwfNyDvm;
aumif;ygNyD taz
-a*smfeDeifvnf;vmcJhaemf -igrodbl;
-'&ufulvmeJYtqifajyrvm;qdkwm -a*smfeD igwdkYeJYvdkufcJhyg
tef-27
*sD-61
bif*dk
b,fvdkvkyfvdkufwmvJ
a'gufwmighudkbmvkyfcJhvJodvm;
igrvkyfygbl;
puf0dkif;vm;
ysHwmvm;
-vufvm; -&kyf&Sifvm;
-tefwm -tefwmvm;
-tefxkwfwm -r[kwfbl; tJ'goJvGefpr[kwfbl;
bmrSr[kwfbl;vm;
-bmrSr&Sdwmvm; -rsufrSefvm;
-rsufrSefvIyfwmvm;
[dkbuf'DbufrsufrSefvIyfcgwm
rsufrSefudkjzwfMunfhwm
igawmhpdwfnpfvmNyD
igrvkyfbl;aemf
aemufudkqGJr,f NyD;awmhwGef;r,f
NyD;awmhvSnfh NyD;awmhjyefvkyf
ajrSmufr,f vSnfhr,f
NyD;awmhwGef;r,f
[ifhtif; tJ'DvdkvdkufrvkyfeJY
ig'gudk,l&rvm;
'grSr[kwf ydk;[yfrkefYeJY <uuf*s,fvDpm;&rvm;
NyD;awmhMuufOeJYav
'&ufulvm
[if;vsmvkyfay;&rvm;
[ifhtif; igAdkufrqmbl;
bmvJ rif;xyfNyD;awmhteHY&jyefNyDvm;
-vlom;vm; -igAdkufqmNyD
a*smfeD eifwufcsfr[mudka&mufzl;w,fvm;
awmfyg b,frGef;pwm;rSwufcsfudkra&mufzl;bl;
tJ'DudkigoGm;csifvdkufwm
rif;odvm; yGJ50avmufigvdkcsifw,f
rif;Mum;w,faemf vkyfxm;uG
vltkyfBuD;udkb,fvdk&ifqdkifcJhvJ
tif; aEG&moDrSmawmhenf;enf;&l;oGyfp&myJ
'gayr,fh eifodvm;'DvdkyJ tvdkufoifhav;aygh
olutvdkufoifhav;yJwJh
[kwfw,f rdkufw,f
'DrSmMunfhygOD; orD;tBudKufatmf[pfwJhcsdpf ,lvmcJhw,f
aus;Zl;yJ taz
a*smfeD'gpm;Munfhyg t&rf;aumif;w,f
rdkufom;yJ
'gayr,fh igu'geJY"mwfrwnfhbl;'gaMumifh jyef,lvdkufyg
[kwfwmaygh
a*smfeD igwdkYygwDtpDtpOftaMumif; cPavmufpum;ajymvdkY&rvm;
rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ
olwdkYrif;udkomvlom;jzpfrSef;odoGm;&if rvG,fbl;uG
pdwfat;at;xm;yg b,folrSoHo,rjzpfygbl;
olwdkYtwGufxl;qef;aewmwpfckwnf;u OD;av; wdk;wdk;ajymaewmudkyJ
rif;a&ul;uefudkoGm;NyD;awmh pdwfvIyf&Sm;yHkrsKd;vkyf&r,f
NyD;awmhrif;ausmemw,fqdkNyD; xGufoGm;&r,f
tcsdefaumif;a&mufvmNyDa[h
tdk; ighausm..
igrif;ausmrSm&Sdr,fa[h
r[kwfbl; olajymwmuolUausmukef;vdkY
ighausmay:wuf vkyfMu&atmif
-vkyf&atmif MuufwdkufyGJuG -olwdkYudkwGef;cs
MuufwdkufyGJ
igwdkYEdkifr,f a*smfeD
eifusoGm;ap&r,f
[kwfvm;Munfhwmaygh arADa0AD
tdkau MuufwdkufyGJawmfMuawmh
tm;vHk;&yfMuygawmh
z&efY eifhudk,feifxdcdkuf&if..
ig&w,f tcspf
pwdkif;aumifav;awGu 'DvdkyJav
*sD&dkeDrdk
uav;awG bmvdkYtJ'DvdkvkyfwmvJ
iga&ul;csifwmyg
a&uat;w,fav
ighudkvmrzrf;eJYaemf
a*smfeD rif;&JUrdwfuyf
rif;&JUrdwfuyf
tckwufvmcJhawmh
ola&ul;csifw,fvdkYxifwmyJ
tajrmufqefuG
rif;tcsdefaumif;BuD;udkvm&Iwfw,f
rif;udkrodromaeygvdkYigajymcJhw,f
olwdkYodoGm;&if ihg[dkw,fawmhoGm;NyDyJ
OD;av;uremvdkjzpfaewm jzpfrSmyg
'Dae&mrSm wpfjcm;olawGaysmfae&wmudk
tdk tJ'gvm; tJ'gaysmfp&mr[kwfbl;
vlwdkif;uajy;aeMuw,f ckefaeMuw,f a&ul;aeMuw,f bmcGifhjyKcsufrSr&SdyJeJYav
tJ'gaysmfwm&JUqefYusifbufyJ
aysmfp&mqdkwmawmif bmvJodvdkYvm;
igaysmfp&mudkwDxGifcJhwm
vla&G;rSm;NyD;jzpfwmyJ
ighudkMunfh
'DvdkjzpfysufvmwmawGudk rif;bmrSrrSwfrdbl;
rif;'Dae&mrSmawGYcJhBuHKcJhwJhrGef;pwm;awGudk rrSwfrdawmhbl;
tckxGufoGm;NyD;awmh b,fawmhrSjyefrvmcJheJY
aeygOD; [dkw,fudkb,fawmhrSjyefrvm&awmhbl;vm;
bmvJ rif;[dkw,ftaMumif;arhoGm;&rSmav
rif;&JUrSwfOmPfawGudkzsufypfzdkY igyg0goHk;cJhwmav
rif;&JUrsufvHk;awGxJwnfhwnfhpdkufMunfhNyD;awmhav
tJ'grsufuyfrSefaMumifhjzpfr,f
-bmvJ -'gawGursufvHk;rSmwyfxm;wmav
tJ'guydkaumif;aumif;MunfhvdkY&w,fav
'DrSm 'gudkjrefjrefxkwfay;r,f
'guigawGYzl;orQxJrSm &GHp&mtaumif;qHk;yJ
-&awmhr,f -&yfvdkufygawmh aus;Zl;jyKNyD;tJ'DvdkrvkyfygeJY
rsufvHk;qDuae vufacsmif;awGz,fvdkufygawmh awmfNyD
em;axmif rif;'Dudkb,fawmhrSjyefrvm&bl;
rif;a0;a0;aeNyD;awmh vlom;awGudk'Dae&mtaMumif; rajymjyeJY
r[kwf&ifrif;aemufvdkufNyD;awmh rif;&JUaoG;awG tukefvHk;udkpkyfypfvdkufr,f
rif;&JUudk,fuae aemufqHk;bmrSrusefawmhwJhtxdaygh
oGm;awmh
igxGufoGm;&wmr,HkEdkifavmufatmifyJ 'Davmuf t&rf;aumif;aewmudk
tJ'DvlBuD;utm;vHk;udkzsufqD;ypfw,f ighaoG;udkpkyfypfr,fwJh
ig'DvdkajymcJhoifhwm uRefawmfaerSmyJtzdk;BuD;vdkY
olYudkb&lUpfvDupfauR;vdkufr,f..
bk&m;a& '&ufulvmaus;Zl;jyKNyD;uRefawmfhudkrowfygeJY uRefawmfoGm;awmhr,f
-ighaemufvkdufcJhyg -[ifhtif; rmADr&bl; igxGufoGm;&r,f
-aocsm&JUvm; aysmfp&maumif;rSmaemf -tdkau
olighudkrawGYygbl;aemf [kwfvm;
'Duae&Icif;udkMunfhprf;ygOD;
-bl'gywfpfudkMunfh&awmhr,f -0l'gywfpfvm;
tJ'g [m-0D-zDem;rSmvm;
eifajymwm [m0dkiftDjzpfr,f [kwfw,ftJ'Dae&murdkufw,f
tJ'Du*DwyGJawmfudk igoGm;cJhwm
vlom;awG&JU*DwyGJawmfvm;
ig,HkMunfwmyJ
'gqdk olwdkYtm;vHk;eifhajcacsmif;awGudkudkufvm; aygifrkefYay:rSmMuufoGefjzLxnfhNyD;eifhudkjyvm;
[ifhtif; wpfa,mufuawmhtMuD;BuD;udkufw,f
igh&JUpGrf;tifbm;udkav igarQmfvifhwmxuf ydkcJhw,f
'gayr,fh tyludkigtjypfwif&r,f
t&rf;rdkufwmyJ eifae&mwdkif;a&mufcJhwmyJ
eifodvm; bmuwpfvSnfhpDvJ
tdrfrSmaew,f b,fawmhrSrxGufbl; tjyifbufrSmbm&SdvJb,fawmhrSrMunfhbl;
igtck121&SdNyD [kwfvm;udk,fwdkifae&rSmaygh
[kwfw,f
aexGufvmNyDyJ t&rf;rdkufwmyJ..
tdk igawmif;yefygw,f
eifwpfcgrSaexGufwmrjrifzl;bl;yJ [kwfvm;
[ifhtif;rMunfhzl;bl; bmvdkYvJ
vmyg igtBuH&NyD
Munfhyg
igwdkY'DrSmaysmf&r,fvdkYrif;wdkYudkigrajymbl;vm; 'gtaumif;qHk;r[kwfbl;vm;
tif; tqifajyw,facR;xkwfvdkYaumif;w,f
a*smfeDaumifav;ub,fawmhrSygwDudk pDpOfvdkYNyD;rSmvJ
-oluwu,fawmfwmyJ -[kwfw,f oluwd&pämefyJ
rmADu&,farmNyD;awmh oleJYupm;aewmudk Munfh&wmt&rf;aumif;wmyJ
bmubmudkupm;wmvJ aus;Zl;jyKNyD;
rmADuolYvdktrsKd;tpm;eJYb,fawmhrSrjzpfbl;
bmvJ olYtrsKd;tpm;rsKd;wJhvm;
igwdkYtrsKd;tpm;u rif;twGufrxdkufwefbl;vdkY ajymaewmvm;
rif;&JU t&Sifocif0g'aMumifhvm;
r[kwfbl; z&efY..tJ'Dvdkqdkvdkwmr[kwfbl;
igqdkvdkwmu olruteDa&mifqHyifaumufaumuf olrsKd;eJYrjzpf&bl;vdkYajymwm
teDa&mifqHyifaumufjzpfwmbmrSm;vdkYvJ
rif;ubmvdkY pdwfqdk;&wmvJ
igutJ'DvdkqHyifrsKd;uG
igub,fvdkvkyfNyD; odrSmvJ
'gigawGYzl;orQxJrSmtHhhMozG,ftaumif;qHk;t&myJ
a*smfeD
'DrSmat;aq;aygh abmf'gwdkY
'gubmrStaMumif;r[kwfawmhbl;av a*smfeDujyefoGm;NyD
aeygOD; olxGufoGm;NyDwJhvm;
[kwfw,f olrmADeJYigwdkYudkrESpfoufbl;vdkY qHk;jzwfcJhw,fav
[dkif;
a*smfeDpdwfajymif;oGm;w,fvdkY igxifw,f
rif;'Dudkxyfa&mufvmwmr,HkEdkifavmufatmifyJ rif;em;rvnfbl;vm;
qdk;&Gm;wJht&mawGrif;vrf;udkvmaeNyD
ightawG;awGtwlpkpnf;xm;&r,f
tdkau
'Dpm;yGJawGudk rif;awGYw,frvm;
'gawGudkae&mcs&if;eJY rif;wpfaeukefqHk;ayawmh
aocsmae&mcsaemf ygwDpDpOfol
aumif;a&myJ 'DrSmydwfrdaejyefNyD
tckawmhOD;av;orD;b,fvdkcHpm;ae&vJ uRefawmfodNyD
awmfNyD &yfvdkufawmh
axmifhrSmoGm;ae rif;tcsdefjynfhNyD
tcsdefjynfhNyDwJhvm; uRefawmfut&G,fa&mufNyD;om;
tdkau pm;yGJ57 23ae&mudka&TYyg
-'grdkufwmyJ -eH&HbufvSnfhae
17uae48 16uae47 19uae50
-t&rf;rdkufwmyJ -ightvkyfudkigvkyfyg&ap
29uae35
42uae18 10uae44
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
39uae 24
36xyg
29uae35
31uae19
24xyg
7uae25 14uae30
b,fa&mufoGm;vJ zdk;zdk;
ighudkvmrprf;eJY vrsufESm
vmprf;Munfhav
56uae43 ighbufvm
idkzdkYomjyifxm;ayawmh
'DvdkyJuRefawmfvkyfwm
bmyJjzpfjzpfaygh
[kwfw,f teHYcHxm;
rif;uvlom;udkzrf;ay; iguvlom;pGyfjyKwfvkyfay;r,f
27 45 65 76 48 olYvrf;udkydwfxm;
olYvrf;udkydwfxm;
vmprf;ygOD;
aumif;w,f
uRefawmfzrf;xm;w,f
raESmuf,SufygeJY
'DrSmvlawGtdyfzdkYBudK;pm;aeMuwm
rif;awGYvdkufvm;
tJ'Daumifub,folvJ
'gaysmfp&maumif;w,fvdkY ajym&r,f [kwfNyDvm;
rif;tapmydkif;uajymcJhwJhaysmfp&mqdkwJht&mav
a*smfeD
uGufpfpDrdk'dk
rmADbmvdkYrtdyfao;wmvJ aexGufvmNyDav tJ'guorD;udkaoapEdkifw,f orD;&JU
orD;tdyfvdkYr&bl; a*smfeDb,fxGufoGm;vJodvm;
rodbl; ol..
bmvdkYodcsif&wmvJ
-olYudkBudKufvdkYvm; -bmvJ
[ifhtif; awmfygolut&rf;udkxl;qef;w,f NyD;awmh udkY&dkUum;,m;eJY
oluiwHk;yHkrsKd; tazuav;pm;p&maumif;wm odw,frvm;
cPav;aemf
-uGufpfpDrdk'dk&JUae&mudkrif;odvm; -[kwfuJhq&m
olwdkYt0ifcef;rujzwfNyD; rD;zdkacsmifqDoGm;ygw,f
olwdkYudkcsufcsif;wm;zdkYvdkw,f
-&Sif;vm; -[kwfuJh q&m
uRefawmfwdkYvkyfaeygNyD
vGJoGm;NyD
tJ'gbmt"dyÜm,fvJ ighudkjzwfcGifhay;
uGufpfpDrdk'dk igwdkYeJYvdkufcJhyg
bmvdkYiguem&rSmvJ
'DrSmorD;t&G,fcspfwmrsKd;r&Sdygbl;
tarorD;t&G,fwkef;u tefwD,lepfajymw,f tarutazhudk yxrqHk;erf;cJhwmwJh
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmhtazupvIyf&Sm;&rSm t&rf;aMumufvdkYwJhav
[kwfygw,f
tazeJYtarwdkYerf;wmudk arhvdkufygawmh
taz bmyJjzpfjzpforD;uvufxyf&rSmyJav
-'DrSmwpfoufvHk;raeEdkifbl; -bmvJ bmvdkYvJ
orD;utjyifxGufzdkYcufw,fav
uGufpfpD EdkifjyefNyD
'DrSmMunfhxm;Mua[h
'gayr,fh bmvdkY&kwfw&ufBuD;pdwf0ifpm;vm&wmvJ
tcspftaMumif;tazwdkYajymwJhtcgwdkif; tJ'gutNrJwrf;
taz tJ'gr,Ofaus;bl;
NyD;awmh tazorD;tJ'gudkrodcsifbl;qdk
rodawmhygbl;
-q&molrD;zdkacsmifxJa&mufoGm;ygNyD -olbmjzpfw,f
rif;wdkYudkigbmtwGufay;xm;wmvJ
aqm&D;orD;av; tazoGm;&awmhr,f
oluRefawmfwdkYudkray;ygbl;
uRefawmfhudkrowfcif
uRefawmfh&JUtdwfeJYwpfcgavmufpum;ajymvdkY&rvm;
uRefawmfbmrSrajz&Sif;&yJeJY rxm;cJhcsifbl;
'&ufulvmygvm;
rif;yg;pyfydwfxm;
tck olYudkulnDaewmvm;
'Dvlom;eJYrif;bmjzpfaewmvJ
oluvlom;r[kwfbl; olupwdkif;
[kwfw,f vlykav; uRefawmfupwdkif;
olomrGef;pwm;qdk&if tufpfr,f&,f'gudkajcmufjy
<uufvm;
oHo,r&Sdbl;
tdkau vmNyDaemf
vlom;yJ
'&ufulvmu vlom;wpfa,mufac:...
tufpfr,f&,f'g ighudkulnDygOD;
uRefawmfhudku,fcJhwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;yJ
tJ'Dvlu&l;aewm uRefawmfhudkpm;zdkYBudK;pm;aewm
tJ'gwpfcgwkef;ujzpfzl;w,f tJ'Dvlu
csnfaESmifjcif;jyyGJwkef;uxl;qef;wJhvlwpfa,muf
rif;udkjyzdkYvdktyfwmwpfck&Sdw,f
aeygOD; 'gOD;av;tdyf&myJ
MuufoD;xp&myJ rdkufw,f
olYudkuRefawmfodw,f
uRefawmftJ'DyHkudk ysufqD;aewJhvlbdkY&JwdkufrSm awGYzl;w,f tJ'guRefawmfhtBudKuf&JwdkufyJ
tJ'DtrsKd;orD;eJYywfoufNyD; ordkif;&Sdw,f
ordkif;vm;
av'DvlbdkYav
Zmwfvrf;uawmh txD;usefaewJhwpfa,mufu
olreJYawGYqHkcJhw,f NyD;awmholwdkYajymw,f 0dnmOfESpfckxuf
ydkNyD;olwdkYtwGuft"dyÜm,f&Sdw,fwJh
olwdkYawGvlbdkY&JwdkufrSmtajccsjyD;awmh uav;wpfa,muf&w,f
aemufawmhqdk;&Gm;wJhaMuuGJp&mjzpfay:cJhw,f
wpfnrSmawmhxl;qef;wJhrD;pwifavmifuRrf;cJhw,f olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;aooGm;cJhw,fwJh
uRefawmf&Jwdkufudka&mufaewJhtcgrSm olwdkY&JU tiftm;BuD;rm;wJhtcspfudkcHpm;ae&ao;w,f
olwdkYajymwmuawmh 0dnmOfawGutJ'D&JwdkufrSm &Sdaewkef;wJh
ordkif;urSm;w,f
ZeD;jzpfolyJaooGm;cJh&wmyg
olrudkowfcJhwm bmvQKdU0Sufqef;Mu,frSr[kwfbl;
olrurif;wdkYvlrsKd;awGaMumifhaocJh&wm
aoG;pkyfaumif
tcspf oGm;ykef;aeygig&Sif;vdkufr,f
aoG;pkyfaumifawG
rmwm
olwdkYurS wu,fhraumif;qdk;0g;tppfawG
ightcspftwGuf'Dae&mudkigwnfaqmufcJhwm igh&JUorD;av;udkumuG,fzdkY
tazwpfa,muftaeeJY rdom;pkvHkNcHKzdkY bmrqdkvkyfrSmyJ
olwdkY&JU,HkMunfcsufudkzsuf&r,fqdk&ifawmifrSav
'gayr,fh tckawmhrmADu rif;tay:cHpm;csufawG &SdaeNyD
bmvJ
uRefawmf..
-t&rf;rdkufwmyJ -&ygw,f
rif;uvlaumif;wpfa,mufyg
avmuBuD;uajymif;vJoGm;wmjzpfrSmyg
'&uf tcku21&mpkav
t&ifwkef;uvdk vlawGrvkyfMuawmhygbl;
igwdkYxGufoGm;&if rif;aocsmajymEdkifrvm;
vlwdkif;uigwdkYudkvufcHrSmvm;
vlwdkif;aemf
[ifhtif; OD;av;rSefygw,f
'DwpfacgufuRefawmfaumif;aumif;oGm;yghr,f
uRefawmfta&;BuD;wm&SdvdkYoGm;w,fvdkYajymvdkufyg
'grSr[kwfvnf; uRefawmfhudkwpfckckpm;vdkufw,fvdkY ajymvdkufyg
[ifhtif;
ig olr&JUarG;aeYygwDyGJudkrzsufqD;csifbl;
tm;vHk;NyD;wmeJY rif;tomav;vpfxGufoGm;aygh
pdwfraumif;ygbl;
aemufqHk;uRefawmfvkyfcJhwmu olrudkxdcdkufapw,f
NyD;awmh OD;av;udka&maygh
rif;utawmfqHk;z&efuifpwdkif;r[kwfygbl;
'gayr,fhrif;aoG;pkyfzkwfaumiftjzpfawmhaumif;wmyJ
tppfvm;
uRefawmfOD;av;vdkrsKd;vkyfMunfhvdkY&rvm;
aumif;NyD Munfh&wmaygh
owdxm;Mua[h rif;wdkYuigh&JUyg0gxJrSmyJ
rif;wdkYudk0HykavGjzpfzdkY trdefYay;w,f
ighrSmuav;awGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,f
wpfa,mufa,mufukwfay;yg ighrSmoef;awG&Sdw,f
olu0HykavGjzpfvdkYaygh olYrSmtJ'gawG&SdrSmyJ
[kwfw,f r&Sif;jyeJY
rif;tJ'Dvdkvkyf&if r&,f&bl;
ighudkEdk;zdkYtwGuf rrSmxm;ygbl;
'&ufulvmu tcef;tm;vHk;udkpDpOfxm;wmyg
ydwfwJhcvkwfub,frSmvJ
bmcvkwfrSr&Sdbl; 'DaeYuygwDav
tif; rdkufom;yJ
eifvSvdkufwm
aus;Zl;yJ ygwDtwGufaus;Zl;yJ
[kwfw,f eifigh&JU'DZdkif;av;udkBudKufvm;
t&rf;aumif;wmyJ
-wu,faumif;wJhygwDyJ -wu,fvkyfEdkifcJhwmyJ '&uf
ESpfaygif; 500twGif;rSmtaumif;qHk;yJ
aqm&D;
rmAD
igtckvHk;0udkaMumufvefYrdaeNyDaemf
'gaumif;wmvJjzpfrSmaygh
rif;b,fvdkvkyfvdkufwmvJ ighcHpm;csufudkrif;udk rQa0NyD;wmawmifav
-'gayr,fh r[kwfbl;.. -taz 'guterf;wpfckygyJ
[ifhtif; erf;zdkYcGifhrjyKxm;bl;
taz orD;vkyfvdkY&aeNyDav orD;u83ESpfrS r[kwfawmhwm
vlawGudkBudKufvdkY&w,f 'grSr[kwfavmuBuD;udk oGm;MunfhvdkY&NyD
bm orD;awGYcJhwmyJ orD;yJrBudKufbl;vdkY ajymcJhw,fav
&GmudkaemufxyfwpfcgtcGifhta&;ay;oifhwmaygh
b,fvdktvdkufoifhvkyf&rvJqdkwm oif,lzdkYvdkw,fav a*smfeDvkyfcJhovdkaygh
[ifhtif; orD;&GmqDaemufwpfacgufoGm;vdkYr&bl;
orD;wdkYawGrdwfaqGjzpfEdkifwmudk tazolwdkYudk jrifatmifjyEdkifwmyJ
[ifhtif; 'grjzpfEdkifbl;
tazraocsmygbl; tazhudk,ftazyJ,lqxm;wmav
-[ifhtif; tJ'gbmrSuGJjym;oGm;rSmr[kwfbl; -tazb,fvkdodvJ
-r&vdkYaygh -bmvdkYvJ bmvdkYr&wmvJ
tJ'D&Gmuwu,fr&SdvdkYyJ
r&Sdbl;vdkYajymwm bmudkqkdvdkwmvJ
rif;bmvkyfcJhwmvJ
igvkyf&rSmudkvkyfcJhwm
tJ'gbmvJ
tazbmvkyfcJhwmvJ orD;udkajymyg
tJ'DNrdKUudktazwnfaqmufcJhwm
zkwfaumifawGudk vlawGvdk0wfpm;cdkif;wm
aus;Zl;jyKNyD; taz
orD;tJ'DtjyifudkoGm;NyD; wpfckckjzpfcJh&if
tazwpfa,mufwnf;raeEdkifbl;
'DvdkrsKd;awmhaevdkY&w,fayghav orD;udknmNyD;awmh vSnfhpm;NyD;awmhav
'DrSmyJwpfoufvHk;xm;zkdYav
vlvdrf
qDvm;
t*Fvdyfvdkajymyg
&SifhtoHu pdwfysufp&maumif;w,f
cPav; 'Dpum;igem;vnfw,f
olajymwmu '&ufulvmu[dkw,fxJudkvlom;wpfa,muf ac:oGif;vmw,fwJh
-vlom;vm; -ighem;rSmaeyg
olajymwmuawmh tJ'DrSmZDvlom;wJh
olujyifopfoHenf;enf;0Jw,fav
a*smfeDuvlom;r[kwfygbl; oluighnmvuf&JU 0rf;uGJyg
-olvdrfaewm -[kwfw,f
olbmvdkYolYvufudkESmacgif;xJxnfhxm;wmvJ
olajymw,f ajym&rSmt&SnfBuD;wJh
a[; z,fprf;yg
olajymw,f vlom;wJhowdxm;Mu
igr,HkEdkifbl;
tJ'gtrSefyJvm; eifuvlom;vm;
[kwfw,f
igawmif;yefygw,f
ig*&krpdkufbl; igeifeJYyJtwl&Sdcsifw,f
igueifeJYtwlr&Sdcsifbl;
eifurGef;pwm;jzpfaevdkYyJ igurGef;pwm;awGudk rkef;w,f
*Gwfbdkif
aus;Zl;jyKNyD; ighudkr&dkufygeJY
tJ'gtm;vHk;tazhaMumifhyJ
igwdkY'DuxGufoGm;&atmif b,fawmhrSjyefrvmawmhbl;
igvlom;teHY&w,fvdkYawmhxifom;
olvmygNyD '&ufulvm
ighrsufvHk;awGydwfaewmyJ0rf;omrdw,f taMumif;u ig...
rmAD orD;txJrSmvm;
rmAD
rmAD orD;b,frSmvJ
rmAD
taz wpfckavmufvkyfay;ygvm;
&wmaygh bmrqdk&r,f
orD;&JUrSwfOmPfawGudkzsufay;ygvm;
[ifhtif; tJ'DvdkrvkyfEdkifbl;
orD;udkrSwfrdapcsifwmawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,fav
tazajymwmrSefygw,f vlom;awGuorD;wdkYudk rkef;w,f
orD;av; 'DrSma&G;cs,fzdkYoifhavsmfwJhrGef;pwm;awG trsm;BuD;yg
orD;ut&rf;udki,fNyD;..
tJ'gbmvJ orD;bmzwfaewmvJ
txD;usefaeMuwJhvif;EdkYESpfaumif[m wpfnrSmqHkpnf;cJhMuw,f
olwdkYawGvufwGJazmftjzpfcHpm;cJhMuw,f jrifjrifcsif;yJcspfcJhMuw,f
aemufawmholwdkYawG cifyGef;eJYZeD;jzpfvmMuw,f
vufwGJazmftjzpfu wpfoufrSmwpfcgyJ jzpfwwfwmav
orD;&JUvufwGJazmfa&mufvmrSmyg orD;av;
jrwfjrwfEdk;Edk;wefzdk;xm;yg
tcspfjzifh tar
-orD;wdkYvufwGJazmfvdkYxifcJhwm taz -orD;eJY a*smfeDvm;
orD;bmomyJvdkYxifrdygw,f
'gayr,fh tazaysmfaeoifhygw,f
orD;xGufoGm;p&mtaMumif;r&Sdawmhygbl;
orD;rSmbmtdyfrufrSr&Sdawmhygbl; tcktazhvdkyJ jzpfoGm;ygNyD
rmwm igbmawGrsm;vkyfcJhrdNyDvJ
ighabvfb,frSmvJ 'DrSm
-igwdkYjyefawmhr,f ighaomh,lyg -ighaomh,lyg
bmvdkYrDeDbm;cygae&wmvJ
uav;awGu tJ'gudkjywif;aygufuae ypfcsvdkufvdkYav
tJ'gigwdkYtrSm;vm;
cGifhjyKyg
cGifhjyKyg ar;vfydkYp&m&Sdw,f
rdwfaqGwdkY aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmfygawmh
aemufusoGm;NyD vif;EdkY
aus;Zl;jyKNyD; igawmif;yefaewmyg
a*smfeDudk&SmzdkYrif;wdkYtultnDvdkaevdkYyg
vlom;vm; oligwdkYudkowfypfEdkifw,f
oligh*pfwmudkxdcJhw,f
olighyg;pyfxJvufxnfhNyD;awmhaysmufoGm;rvm; qdkNyD;prf;MunfhcJhw,f
olY&JUpulwmbD;av;udkighudkpm;cGifhjyKcJhw,f
igvdrfcJhwm igodygw,f
igrSm;cJhygw,f
'gayr,fh rif;wdkY'gudkawmh,HkMunfay;yg
a*smfeDuqdk;wJhvlwpfa,mufr[kwfygbl;
trSefu vlom;awGuqdk;ao;vm;qdkwm igrodawmhwmyJ
z&efY vkyfygrif;em;vnfygw,f
oleifhudkpum;ajymrSmr[kwfbl;
yxrawmh eifajymw,fvlom;awGuvlqdk;awG tckawmhaumif;oGm;jyefNyDvm;
bm&Sdao;vJ txufjzpfvdkufatmufjzpfvdkuf ylvdkuf at;vdkufeJY
a[;
iga*smfeDudkwu,fyJESpfoufcJhwmyg oligh&JU0rf;uGJ [kwf[kwfr[kwf[kwfaygh ol&,fp&mawGajymjycJhw,f
olwdkYuvufwGJazmfvdkY xifwmyJ
olwdkYu vufwGJazmfwJhvm;
'gayr,fh iguvrf;rSm&IwfcJhw,f
wpfoufrSmwpfcgyJ tJ'Dtcspfuay:aygufwmav
-eiftckbmjzpfaeNyDvJ -ig*&krpdkufbl;
igwdkYbmvkyfaeMuao;vJ a*smfeDudkoGm;ac:&atmif vmMu
[kwfw,f vkyfMuwmaygh oGm;r,f
[kwfNyDuG
rif;&JUrdbawGqDrSmyJ [ef;eD;rGef;c&D;xGufoifhwm
tdkau igwdkYb,foGm;MurSmvJ
vlom;avmuudkaygh a*smfeDxm0&raysmufoGm;cif
aeudka&mb,fvdkvkyfrvJ
rodbl; tqifajyovdkMunfhvkyf&rSmyJ
olutqifajyovdkvkyfr,fwJh
olY&JUzdeyfajc&maemufvdkufwmaygh
olwdkYxGufvmwmeJY rif;0if&rJhtvSnfhaemf
-igvm; -tJ'DrSmyJ
[kwfNyD olYtdwfxJuaewpfckckusoGm;rSmigodw,f
eHvdkufwm
rif;ynmjyawmh
aeygOD; bmvJighudkteHYcHNyD;ajc&maumufapcsifwmvm;
r&bl; tJ'DaeYawGuusefcJhNyD
igb,favmufawmifajymif;vJoGm;vJ rif;odvm;
b,favmufrsm;rsm;'Dt&mudkzsufqD;cJhvJodvm;
'gayr,fh..
a[; NidrfNidrfaeMu 'DrSmMunfh
xdkifMu
teHYcHMu teHYcHvdkYajymaew,fav
ighudkr[kwfbl; tuFsDudkajymwm
uav;awGrif;udkav;pm;rIYa&m&Sdao;&JUvm;
ighudktcsdefcPay; [kwfNyD
0ifeD a&SUxGufvmcJh
ol86armf',fum;xJ0ifoGm;w,f
enf;enf;awmhvrf;ydwfwmjzpfw,f 'gayr,fh tdkauoGm;w,f
tJ'guavqdyfudkarmif;ydkYay;w,f av,mOftrSwf497
reuf8em&DxGufr,f
15rdepftwGif;yJ
xdkifcHkeHygwfu 23at
olowfowfvGwf[if;vsmrSmxm;w,f
tdkau aus;Zl;yJ
tcktm;vHk;yJ rif;wdkYtarqDjyefMu
odk;
&dkufvdkuf&atmif ighvufudk'Dtwdkif;r&dkufyJraeeJYav
-odk;awGtrsm;BuD;yJ -ighwm0efxm;
tckvrf;ay:rSmbmodk;rSr&Sdawmhbl;av oGm;&atmif
'gawmfawmfqdk;wmyJ
rif;vnf;vef;acsmhawGpm;wmyJav tJ'DvdkyJaygh
igwdkYrSmtcsdefr&Sdbl; oGm;Mu&atmif
MunfygOD; vlom;wpfa,mufyJ
x&efpfaA;eD;,m;rSm BudKqdkygw,f
pdwful;,OfaeovdkygyJvm;
rGef;pwm;yGJawmfvm;
bmvJ rGef;pwm;yGJawmfqdkwm
igwdkYvmr,fqdkwmolwdkYodaewmvm;
igwdkYudkESpfoufwmvm;
wu,fvm;
wpfpdwfavmuf avqdyfudkoGm;vdkY&rJhtaumif;qHk; vrf;udkodygovm;
odwmaygh '&ufulvm wpfvrf;yJ&Sdw,f bvyfbvyfbvyf
'gayr,fhydwfaew,fav igwdkYtcsdefrSDa&mufEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;
rif;wdkYwpfem&DavmufapmvmcJhoifhw,f bvyfbvyfbvyf
ig'Dvdkrajymygbl; bvyfbvyfbvyf
aumif;NyD igwdkYajcusifajy;Muwmaygh
'&uf 'grif;udkumuG,fay;rSmyg
tJ'Daumifomwu,fh'&ufulvmtppfudkajymcJhw,fvdkY odcJh&ifawG;Munfhprf;
olawmifukef;ay:wef;ajy;rSmyJ
aeprf;ygOD;
'g[kwfwmyJ
olwdkYudkigwdkYtppfjzpfaMumif;jyzdkYu igwdkYudk,fwdkif jyzdkYwpfenf;yJ&Sdw,f
'gtvkyfjzpfwmyJ
rif;qdkvdkwmajcmufzdkYvm; igwdkYvlawGudkrajcmufvSefYcJhwm &mpkeJYcsDaeNyDav
igtJ'DvdktpGrf;&Sdao;&JUvm;awmif rodawmhbl;
igbmrSvkyfvdkYr&bl;
'geJYprf;Munfhwmaygh
rD;
rif;wdkYudkajcmufvefYzdkYBudK;pm;aewm
tppftrSef z&efuifpwdkif;yJ
igwdkYodygw,f igwdkYrif;udkcspfygw,f
'DrD;xkwfrSmvufrSwfxdk;ay;vdkY&rvm;
em;axmifMu tm;vHk;bmrSrjzpfcif tJ'DatmufrSmwu,fh'&ufulvmtppf&Sdw,f
oufaojy
aumif;NyD qufajymyg
'&uf&JUorD;rSmcspfol&SdaeNyD olavqdyfudkoGm;zdkYvdkw,f
NyD;awmh 'DvltkyfBuD;udkoljzwfausmfvdkYr&bl;
-olbmvdkYrysHEdkif&wmvJ -aea&mifaMumifhav iwHk;&JUoluaoG;pkyfaumif
[kwfw,f aus;Zl;yJ
'gqdk rif;wdkYawguigwdkY&UJtppftrSefrdwfaqGawG qdk&if olYtwGufvrf;&Sif;ay;prf;yg
tdkau '&ufulvmtm;vHk;wef;pDMuyg
tm;vHk;yJ 0wf&HkawGudkrxm;ay;Muyg igwdkY&JU rdwfaqGudkumuG,fzdkY
tm;vHk;rif;twGufygyJ
oGm;yg
-uHaumif;ygap -olYudkoGm;ac:
'&uf oGm;
olYudkoGm;ac:
'&uf oGm;
igwdkYcspfw,faemf '&ufulvm
a&G;cs,fp&mr&Sdawmhbl;
tdkau ig'gvkyf&r,f
a*smfeoef igajymwmMum;vm;
ighudkajymyg aoG;pkyfzkwfaumiftjzpfrif;tdyfrufrufzl;vm;
'DvdkrsKd;igwdkYawGwifquf&wmvm; r,HkEdkifp&myJ
a*smfeoef
igajymwmMum;vm;
vif;EdkUyJ
aeygOD; pum;ajymaew,f '&ufulvm oifvm;
'&ufulvm
uRefawmfem;rvnfbl;
bmvJ ighvufu0ufopfcsyifacgufxJrSmwJhvm;
bmvJ *syefurD;vHk;pGyfjyKwfpm;aew,fwJhvm;
a[; oiftaiGUawGxGufaewmod&JUvm;
cGifhjyKyg
-bmvJ[ -vif;EdkYu'Davmuftjrifhxda&mufvmw,fvm;
igh&JUtaumif;qHk;rdwfaqGa*smfeoeftwGuf aMunmp&m&Sdygw,f
'&ufulvmvm;
ighaumifav; igqdk;&Gm;wJhtrSm;vkyfcJhrdw,f
igh&JUorD;av;udk igudk,fwdkifyJxdrf;odrf;xm;csifwmyg
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh olrudktNrJwrf;umuG,f ay;oGm;Edkifr,fqdkwmigodw,f
'gayr,fhtckawmhigem;vnfoGm;NyD uav;awGu t&mawGudkolwdkYudk,fwdkifyJ&SmazGzdkYvdkwmyg
olwdkYcvkwfwdkufvJr,f &,fr,f idkr,f
'gayr,fh 'gub0yJav
trSefu rif;eJYrmADwdkYu
vufwGJazmfyJ
olwpfa,mufa,mufudk,HkMunf&r,fqdk&if
rif;jzpfae&wm ig0rf;omw,fa*smfeoef
rif;Mum;r,fvdkYarQmfvifhygw,f NyD;awmh cGifhvTwfay;zdkY
tdkau igwdkYawGqDjznfhzdkYtjrefjyefvSnfhMur,f
NyD;awmh igwdkYjyefoGm;Muwmaygh
ig'DrSmavmifuRrf;ae&wmaemf
taz
bmrSrjzpfygbl; aeavmifoGm;wmavmufygyJ
orD;av;
orD;xGufoGm;wmtazhtwGuftqdk;qHk;vdkY xifxm;cJhwm
'gayr,fhtqdk;qHk;uorD;raysmfr&Tifjzpfaewmudk jrifae&wmyJ
rmAD orD;b0eJYorD;udkaeapcsifygw,f
tJ'gb,fvdkvkyf&rvJqdkwm orD;rodawmhbl;
orD;odvm; taruorD;twGufarG;aeYvufaqmif ay;NyD;NyDav
tazhvufaqmifaumtckay;vdkY&rvm;
'gudkbmvkyf&rSmvJ
'gutydkygvmw,fav
-eifvm; -eifyJ
bmvdkYjyefvmwmvJ
eifuigh&JUvufwGJazmfjzpfvdkYaygh rmAD
igueifh&JU vufwGJazmfvm;
'gayr,fheifrGef;pwm;awGudkrkef;w,fvdkYajymcJhw,fav
tif;[kwfw,f eifhhtazuigh&JU
aoG;awGudkpkyfypfvdkufrSmaMumufvdkY tJ'Dvdkrajym&ifaygh
igtJ'Dvdkrajym..
[ifhtif; olrSefygw,f taztJ'DvdkajymcJhrdw,f
-taz -tazrSm;cJhw,fav
wu,fyJqdkvdkwmvm; taz
orD;&JUudk,fydkif okcbHkudkzefwD;yg
igwdkYxyferf;vdkY&rvm;
&w,fvdkYxifw,f
aqm&D; 'DvdkrsKd;vkyfMunfhwmyg
vkyfyg qufvkyfMuyg
rvkyfMueJY
'&uf &,f'DyJvm;
[ifhtif; ydkMum;aumif;atmiftem;uyfvmwmyg
vkyfyg prf;Munfhprf;yg
aumif;NyD enf;enf;yJaemf
oefY&Sif;a&;vmr,f
igrvkyfbl;aemf