1 00:00:00,700 --> 00:00:04,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 2 00:00:04,933 --> 00:00:08,066 [ Bell tolling, birds chirping ] 3 00:00:11,666 --> 00:00:13,100 -Coria del Río, 4 00:00:13,133 --> 00:00:17,366 {\an1}an hour's drive outside the city of Seville in Spain. 5 00:00:17,400 --> 00:00:19,200 -iCuatro! 6 00:00:19,233 --> 00:00:20,733 IDos, tres! 7 00:00:20,766 --> 00:00:23,933 ♪♪♪ 8 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:27,566 {\an8}♪♪♪ 9 00:00:29,966 --> 00:00:32,000 {\an8}♪♪♪ 10 00:00:35,233 --> 00:00:36,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 11 00:00:36,300 --> 00:00:38,866 -In this city of just 20,000 people, 12 00:00:38,900 --> 00:00:43,666 {\an1}nearly 700 of its citizens share the last name Japón, 13 00:00:43,700 --> 00:00:46,100 {\an8}Spanish for "Japan." 14 00:00:46,133 --> 00:00:49,466 {\an8}Why do they all have such an unusual surname, 15 00:00:49,500 --> 00:00:50,533 {\an8}that of a country 16 00:00:50,566 --> 00:00:53,066 {\an7}13,000 miles to the west? 17 00:00:53,100 --> 00:00:55,700 {\an1}[ Suspenseful music plays ] 18 00:00:55,733 --> 00:00:58,166 {\an1}To track down the answer to this question, 19 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:01,533 {\an1}one Spanish scholar traveled around the world 20 00:01:01,566 --> 00:01:03,233 {\an1}and discovered a long forgotten, 21 00:01:03,266 --> 00:01:06,900 17th-century chapter in global history... 22 00:01:06,933 --> 00:01:09,033 {\an8}♪♪♪ 23 00:01:09,066 --> 00:01:11,900 a Japanese diplomatic mission to Europe 24 00:01:11,933 --> 00:01:14,533 led by two starkly different men... 25 00:01:14,566 --> 00:01:17,033 {\an8}♪♪♪ 26 00:01:17,066 --> 00:01:19,066 {\an1}...a Spanish missionary 27 00:01:19,100 --> 00:01:20,500 and a samurai. 28 00:01:20,533 --> 00:01:28,033 {\an8}♪♪♪ 29 00:01:28,066 --> 00:01:32,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 30 00:01:33,733 --> 00:01:36,366 {\an1}- "Secrets of the Dead" was made possible in part by 31 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:40,333 {\an1}contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. 32 00:01:40,366 --> 00:01:42,366 {\an8}Thank you. 33 00:01:43,700 --> 00:01:47,566 {\an8}♪♪♪ 34 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:51,500 -September 15, 1613. 35 00:01:51,533 --> 00:01:54,266 A ship leaves the eastern coast of Japan, 36 00:01:54,300 --> 00:01:56,400 {\an1}sailing toward New Spain... 37 00:01:56,433 --> 00:01:58,166 Present-day Mexico. 38 00:01:58,200 --> 00:02:00,033 {\an8}♪♪♪ 39 00:02:00,066 --> 00:02:04,200 It's the start of an incredible journey. 40 00:02:04,233 --> 00:02:06,366 {\an1}The samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga 41 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,300 {\an1}and the Franciscan monk Luis Sotelo 42 00:02:09,333 --> 00:02:11,200 {\an1}would travel half the globe, 43 00:02:11,233 --> 00:02:12,633 {\an1}in hopes of establishing 44 00:02:12,666 --> 00:02:15,300 {\an7}a diplomatic and commercial relationship 45 00:02:15,333 --> 00:02:18,533 {\an7}between Spain and Japan. 46 00:02:18,566 --> 00:02:20,200 {\an7}It's an unlikely mission, 47 00:02:20,233 --> 00:02:21,500 {\an8}made all the more so 48 00:02:21,533 --> 00:02:24,700 by how different the two men seemed to be, 49 00:02:24,733 --> 00:02:29,133 {\an1}but they both had personal hopes that brought them to this point. 50 00:02:29,166 --> 00:02:30,866 {\an8}[ Bell clanging ] 51 00:02:30,900 --> 00:02:33,400 {\an8}♪♪♪ 52 00:02:33,433 --> 00:02:35,233 {\an1}Four hundred years later, 53 00:02:35,266 --> 00:02:38,166 {\an1}there are only a few traces of Hasekura's trip 54 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:40,133 {\an1}to the other side of the world, 55 00:02:40,166 --> 00:02:42,900 {\an1}some in Europe, others in Japan. 56 00:02:42,933 --> 00:02:46,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 57 00:02:46,300 --> 00:02:48,566 {\an1}Jesús San Bernardino Coronil, 58 00:02:48,600 --> 00:02:52,166 {\an1}a professor of Asian studies at the University of Seville, 59 00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:54,133 was a student when he first learned 60 00:02:54,166 --> 00:02:57,733 {\an1}about the legend of the samurai who visited Western Europe. 61 00:02:57,766 --> 00:02:59,500 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 62 00:02:59,533 --> 00:03:01,500 {\an8}-[Interpreter] I had Juan Manuel Suárez Japón 63 00:03:01,533 --> 00:03:03,666 {\an7}as professor of geography 64 00:03:03,700 --> 00:03:05,766 {\an7}and he told us the story of the samurai 65 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:09,633 who traveled up the Guadalquivir River. 66 00:03:09,666 --> 00:03:13,133 {\an1}I was completely surprised and stupefied. 67 00:03:13,166 --> 00:03:16,500 I thought it was a fascinating story. 68 00:03:16,533 --> 00:03:18,600 There are still a lot of unclear elements, 69 00:03:18,633 --> 00:03:21,733 {\an1}lots of questions that researchers haven't answered. 70 00:03:21,766 --> 00:03:23,009 There are documents that haven't been 71 00:03:23,033 --> 00:03:26,133 {\an1}published, studied, translated. 72 00:03:26,166 --> 00:03:29,733 {\an1}There's a whole world left to discover. 73 00:03:29,766 --> 00:03:32,366 {\an1}-San Bernardino's first stop on his search 74 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:34,600 to find out more about the Keicho mission, 75 00:03:34,633 --> 00:03:38,000 {\an8}as it was known, was Seville's City Hall. 76 00:03:38,033 --> 00:03:40,800 {\an8}♪♪♪ 77 00:03:40,833 --> 00:03:45,000 -[Interpreter] I wanted to know who he was, this samurai Hasekura. 78 00:03:45,033 --> 00:03:48,600 {\an1}Why would a Franciscan monk accompany a samurai? 79 00:03:48,633 --> 00:03:51,333 {\an1}Who was this Lord Date Masamune? 80 00:03:51,366 --> 00:03:52,633 {\an1}What was their importance? 81 00:03:52,666 --> 00:03:56,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 82 00:03:56,466 --> 00:03:58,800 {\an1}-There, he found a letter in Japanese 83 00:03:58,833 --> 00:04:02,466 {\an1}announcing the arrival of a group of Japanese diplomats 84 00:04:02,500 --> 00:04:04,766 {\an1}led by the samurai Hasekura. 85 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:11,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 86 00:04:11,466 --> 00:04:13,100 {\an8}-Esto es una C. 87 00:04:13,133 --> 00:04:14,133 {\an8}-C. 88 00:04:14,166 --> 00:04:16,500 {\an8}- C-ji-i-lla. - C-ji-i-lla. 89 00:04:16,533 --> 00:04:19,766 {\an1}-With the help of Professor Rafael Abad de los Santos, 90 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:22,900 {\an1}who reads 17th-century Japanese, 91 00:04:22,933 --> 00:04:25,200 San Bernardino deciphered the letter. 92 00:04:25,233 --> 00:04:26,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 93 00:04:26,300 --> 00:04:29,400 {\an7}-Aquí está Date Masamune. 94 00:04:29,433 --> 00:04:31,133 {\an8}-[ Speaking Spanish ] 95 00:04:31,166 --> 00:04:33,566 {\an8}-[Interpreter] The letter was sent to the city of Seville 96 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:37,800 from Date Masamune, a very important Japanese lord. 97 00:04:37,833 --> 00:04:41,100 {\an1}What are the letter's goals? 98 00:04:41,133 --> 00:04:42,866 {\an1}There are two of them. 99 00:04:42,900 --> 00:04:45,000 {\an1}The first is that he wishes to have missionaries sent 100 00:04:45,033 --> 00:04:50,133 to Japan to help Christianity grow. 101 00:04:50,166 --> 00:04:52,800 {\an8}♪♪♪ 102 00:04:52,833 --> 00:04:55,466 The second goal is that he wishes to establish 103 00:04:55,500 --> 00:04:58,266 a direct route from Japan to Seville. 104 00:04:58,300 --> 00:05:06,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 105 00:05:07,300 --> 00:05:10,866 {\an8}♪♪♪ 106 00:05:10,900 --> 00:05:14,766 -Date Masamune came from a long line of feudal lords 107 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:18,133 {\an1}who ruled over the Tohoku region in Northern Japan. 108 00:05:18,166 --> 00:05:19,966 {\an1}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 109 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:22,300 {\an1}-A legendary warrior and leader, 110 00:05:22,333 --> 00:05:24,533 {\an1}he was a skilled power broker, 111 00:05:24,566 --> 00:05:26,000 {\an1}following the family tradition 112 00:05:26,033 --> 00:05:29,300 of creating strategic partnerships and relationships. 113 00:05:29,333 --> 00:05:31,266 {\an1}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 114 00:05:31,300 --> 00:05:33,300 [ Gong crashes ] 115 00:05:33,333 --> 00:05:38,700 {\an7}-Europeans first arrived in Japan in 1543 116 00:05:38,733 --> 00:05:42,333 {\an7}and established profitable trading ports in Hirado 117 00:05:42,366 --> 00:05:44,866 {\an8}Funai, and Nagasaki 118 00:05:44,900 --> 00:05:47,266 {\an7}on the southern island of Kyushu. 119 00:05:47,300 --> 00:05:49,100 {\an8}♪♪♪ 120 00:05:49,133 --> 00:05:51,566 {\an1}The leaders of these districts grew rich, 121 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:52,933 {\an1}buying and selling silk 122 00:05:52,966 --> 00:05:55,666 {\an1}the Spanish and Portuguese brought from China, 123 00:05:55,700 --> 00:05:58,000 {\an1}along with Asian spices 124 00:05:58,033 --> 00:06:01,566 and goods made in the colony of New Spain. 125 00:06:01,600 --> 00:06:04,233 And, for the Spanish, the Japanese had 126 00:06:04,266 --> 00:06:07,533 one particularly valuable resource... 127 00:06:07,566 --> 00:06:09,933 {\an8}silver. 128 00:06:09,966 --> 00:06:13,666 {\an7}Date Masamune was eager for his northern province, 129 00:06:13,700 --> 00:06:15,600 {\an7}including the city of Sendai, 130 00:06:15,633 --> 00:06:18,966 {\an8}to take part in this commercial activity, 131 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:20,433 {\an7}and his ambitions stretched 132 00:06:20,466 --> 00:06:24,266 {\an8}beyond welcoming the Europeans to Japan. 133 00:06:24,300 --> 00:06:25,866 {\an8}In 1600, 134 00:06:25,900 --> 00:06:29,066 {\an8}Date relocated to the Northeastern Coast, 135 00:06:29,100 --> 00:06:32,100 {\an1}transforming what had been a small fishing village 136 00:06:32,133 --> 00:06:36,466 into the thriving and prosperous city which he would name Sendai. 137 00:06:36,500 --> 00:06:38,866 {\an1}In his palace at the top of a cliff, 138 00:06:38,900 --> 00:06:43,500 {\an1}he could see the value of his new home's strategic location. 139 00:06:43,533 --> 00:06:46,233 {\an8}His region had a natural asset... 140 00:06:46,266 --> 00:06:49,100 {\an8}Sendai stood on the Pacific Ocean, 141 00:06:49,133 --> 00:06:51,566 {\an7}at the edge of a current that traveled straight 142 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:54,700 {\an7}to the West Coast of New Spain. 143 00:06:54,733 --> 00:06:56,866 {\an7}Date began to consider whether he could send 144 00:06:56,900 --> 00:07:00,966 {\an8}his own trading ships from Sendai to New Spain, 145 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:05,300 {\an7}without relying on the Europeans as intermediaries. 146 00:07:05,333 --> 00:07:10,233 {\an7}But Spain had exclusive control of trade across the Pacific. 147 00:07:10,266 --> 00:07:11,766 {\an8}To avoid conflict, 148 00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:13,633 {\an1}he needed Spain's permission to make 149 00:07:13,666 --> 00:07:16,733 {\an1}direct commercial contact with its colony. 150 00:07:16,766 --> 00:07:19,033 {\an1}At the end of the 16th century, 151 00:07:19,066 --> 00:07:21,800 {\an1}Spain and Portugal were united under the banner 152 00:07:21,833 --> 00:07:25,500 of the king of Spain, Philip III. 153 00:07:25,533 --> 00:07:28,533 {\an1}The Iberian Empire was immense, 154 00:07:28,566 --> 00:07:31,600 {\an1}covering portions of Italy, 155 00:07:31,633 --> 00:07:33,900 colonial territories in the Americas... 156 00:07:33,933 --> 00:07:35,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 157 00:07:35,466 --> 00:07:37,300 {\an7}...as well as Western Africa... 158 00:07:37,333 --> 00:07:38,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 159 00:07:38,566 --> 00:07:39,866 {\an7}...and parts of India. 160 00:07:39,900 --> 00:07:41,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 161 00:07:41,400 --> 00:07:42,966 {\an7}"You can circle the world 162 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:45,500 {\an8}without ever leaving Philip's lands," 163 00:07:45,533 --> 00:07:47,833 {\an7}wrote the poet Lope de Vega, at the time. 164 00:07:47,866 --> 00:07:51,400 {\an8}♪♪♪ 165 00:07:51,433 --> 00:07:54,000 But, for Date, trade with New Spain 166 00:07:54,033 --> 00:07:58,266 was just one piece of a larger plan. 167 00:07:58,300 --> 00:07:59,933 His ultimate goal was 168 00:07:59,966 --> 00:08:02,400 {\an1}to unite the provinces of Japan 169 00:08:02,433 --> 00:08:03,733 {\an1}and become its shogun. 170 00:08:03,766 --> 00:08:05,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 171 00:08:05,566 --> 00:08:07,633 Date hoped that Hasekura and Sotelo 172 00:08:07,666 --> 00:08:09,600 {\an1}would serve as useful tools 173 00:08:09,633 --> 00:08:12,033 in establishing a partnership with Spain. 174 00:08:12,066 --> 00:08:14,466 {\an8}♪♪♪ 175 00:08:14,500 --> 00:08:16,966 {\an1}Wanting to find out more about the mission, 176 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,300 {\an1}San Bernardino traveled to Sendai. 177 00:08:19,333 --> 00:08:21,233 {\an8}♪♪♪ 178 00:08:21,266 --> 00:08:22,600 {\an8}[ Horn blaring ] 179 00:08:22,633 --> 00:08:30,633 {\an8}♪♪♪ 180 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:35,100 {\an8}Unlike the united Spanish empire, 181 00:08:35,133 --> 00:08:36,933 {\an7}Japan was deeply divided 182 00:08:36,966 --> 00:08:40,200 {\an8}until the start of the 17th century. 183 00:08:40,233 --> 00:08:42,633 {\an8}The country's dozens of regional lords 184 00:08:42,666 --> 00:08:47,700 {\an7}spent their time making war and vying for power. 185 00:08:47,733 --> 00:08:50,833 {\an8}One of these lords, Tokugawa Ieyasu, 186 00:08:50,866 --> 00:08:52,666 {\an7}rose above his enemies 187 00:08:52,700 --> 00:08:56,033 {\an7}and became the country's first shogun. 188 00:08:56,066 --> 00:09:01,300 {\an7}And he supported efforts to make Sendai an international port. 189 00:09:01,333 --> 00:09:04,733 {\an7}The pieces of Date's plan were falling into place. 190 00:09:04,766 --> 00:09:09,566 {\an8}♪♪♪ 191 00:09:09,600 --> 00:09:12,633 Today, a large statue of Date sits 192 00:09:12,666 --> 00:09:15,300 between the remains of his Aoba Castle 193 00:09:15,333 --> 00:09:17,166 {\an1}and the Sendai City Museum. 194 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:22,033 {\an8}♪♪♪ 195 00:09:22,066 --> 00:09:24,500 {\an1}The museum has a number of items related 196 00:09:24,533 --> 00:09:27,300 {\an1}to both Date and Hasekura... 197 00:09:27,333 --> 00:09:28,300 Armor, 198 00:09:28,333 --> 00:09:29,500 portraits, 199 00:09:29,533 --> 00:09:31,600 {\an1}and accounts of Hasekura's life. 200 00:09:31,633 --> 00:09:36,066 {\an8}♪♪♪ 201 00:09:36,100 --> 00:09:38,800 {\an8}Toru Sasaki is the museum's curator. 202 00:09:38,833 --> 00:09:40,833 {\an7}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 203 00:09:40,866 --> 00:09:44,166 -He, too, has studied Hasekura Tsunenaga's story. 204 00:09:46,733 --> 00:09:50,400 {\an7}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 205 00:09:50,433 --> 00:09:52,800 {\an8}-[Interpreter] As for Hasekura Tsunenaga, 206 00:09:52,833 --> 00:09:55,966 {\an8}before the departure of the Keicho mission to Europe, 207 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:58,866 {\an7}what we currently know is that Date Masamune 208 00:09:58,900 --> 00:10:01,300 {\an8}was dispatched to the Korean Peninsula... 209 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:05,933 {\an1}...and Hasekura accompanied Date for a war. 210 00:10:05,966 --> 00:10:10,200 {\an1}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 211 00:10:10,233 --> 00:10:11,642 -[Interpreter] The functions he had were, 212 00:10:11,666 --> 00:10:14,633 for example, collecting information 213 00:10:14,666 --> 00:10:20,433 {\an1}or, on behalf of Date, acting as a messenger. 214 00:10:20,466 --> 00:10:21,666 That was his role. 215 00:10:21,700 --> 00:10:28,200 {\an8}♪♪♪ 216 00:10:28,233 --> 00:10:32,033 Hasekura Tsunenaga was born in 1571, 217 00:10:32,066 --> 00:10:34,233 {\an1}to a family of samurais that had fought 218 00:10:34,266 --> 00:10:37,533 {\an1}on behalf of the Date clan for several generations. 219 00:10:37,566 --> 00:10:40,400 {\an8}♪♪♪ 220 00:10:40,433 --> 00:10:42,133 But in 1612, 221 00:10:42,166 --> 00:10:45,000 {\an1}his father was charged with corruption 222 00:10:45,033 --> 00:10:47,933 {\an1}and sentenced to death. 223 00:10:47,966 --> 00:10:50,127 {\an1}It was his duty to commit  seppuku 224 00:10:50,151 --> 00:10:52,333 ritual suicide... 225 00:10:52,366 --> 00:10:54,700 {\an1}according to the honor code of the samurai. 226 00:10:54,733 --> 00:11:02,733 {\an8}♪♪♪ 227 00:11:03,300 --> 00:11:08,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 228 00:11:08,566 --> 00:11:09,600 {\an8}[ Squelch ] 229 00:11:09,633 --> 00:11:16,133 {\an8}♪♪♪ 230 00:11:16,166 --> 00:11:18,866 The family's property was confiscated 231 00:11:18,900 --> 00:11:22,766 {\an1}and Hasekura was stripped of his responsibilities as a samurai. 232 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:25,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 233 00:11:25,333 --> 00:11:27,900 {\an1}It was a shameful incident for the family, 234 00:11:27,933 --> 00:11:29,500 {\an1}bringing great dishonor. 235 00:11:29,533 --> 00:11:35,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 236 00:11:35,566 --> 00:11:36,900 As was custom, 237 00:11:36,933 --> 00:11:40,600 {\an1}Hasekura should have ended his own life as well, 238 00:11:40,633 --> 00:11:43,033 but Date offered him an alternative. 239 00:11:43,066 --> 00:11:45,600 {\an8}♪♪♪ 240 00:11:45,633 --> 00:11:47,933 {\an1}-[ Conversing in Japanese ] 241 00:11:47,966 --> 00:11:50,466 {\an1}-If Hasekura would sail halfway around the world 242 00:11:50,500 --> 00:11:53,366 {\an1}and secure trade rights from the Spanish, 243 00:11:53,400 --> 00:11:56,933 {\an1}Date would restore honor to the Hasekura clan, 244 00:11:56,966 --> 00:11:58,600 return its property, 245 00:11:58,633 --> 00:12:01,333 {\an1}and allow him to serve as a samurai again. 246 00:12:01,366 --> 00:12:09,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 247 00:12:10,233 --> 00:12:14,166 {\an1}It was a chance for Hasekura to redeem his family name 248 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:15,566 and Date likely knew 249 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:18,500 the former samurai would do whatever was asked. 250 00:12:18,533 --> 00:12:26,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 251 00:12:28,366 --> 00:12:31,000 As eager as Hasekura may have been, 252 00:12:31,033 --> 00:12:32,500 Date understood that, 253 00:12:32,533 --> 00:12:35,266 {\an1}if the mission had any hope of success, 254 00:12:35,300 --> 00:12:38,033 {\an1}the samurai would need help with the language 255 00:12:38,066 --> 00:12:41,266 {\an1}and navigating an extremely foreign culture. 256 00:12:41,300 --> 00:12:47,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 257 00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:51,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 258 00:12:51,566 --> 00:12:55,633 {\an1}Father Luis Sotelo arrived in Japan in 1603, 259 00:12:55,666 --> 00:12:57,933 {\an1}speaking Japanese fluently. 260 00:12:57,966 --> 00:13:00,933 [ Creaking ] 261 00:13:00,966 --> 00:13:02,333 A Franciscan monk, 262 00:13:02,366 --> 00:13:05,266 {\an1}he came from an important Spanish family 263 00:13:05,300 --> 00:13:06,866 {\an1}and was highly ambitious. 264 00:13:06,900 --> 00:13:08,866 {\an1}-[ Conversing in Japanese ] 265 00:13:08,900 --> 00:13:16,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 266 00:13:18,633 --> 00:13:21,800 Having barely arrived in the Land of the Rising Sun, 267 00:13:21,833 --> 00:13:25,400 {\an1}he established a church in the shogun's capital... 268 00:13:25,433 --> 00:13:27,566 {\an1}Edo, present-day Tokyo. 269 00:13:27,600 --> 00:13:30,866 {\an8}♪♪♪ 270 00:13:30,900 --> 00:13:31,933 {\an7}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 271 00:13:31,966 --> 00:13:36,600 {\an8}♪♪♪ 272 00:13:36,633 --> 00:13:38,966 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 273 00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:40,109 -[Interpreter] For Luis Sotelo, 274 00:13:40,133 --> 00:13:41,500 {\an1}it's a chance to accomplish one 275 00:13:41,533 --> 00:13:43,033 {\an1}of his greatest dreams... 276 00:13:43,066 --> 00:13:45,000 To convert Japan to Christianity. 277 00:13:45,033 --> 00:13:47,233 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 278 00:13:47,266 --> 00:13:48,842 -[Interpreter] He believes that the efforts, so far, 279 00:13:48,866 --> 00:13:51,300 {\an1}have not been sufficient, 280 00:13:51,333 --> 00:13:55,100 {\an1}that the Jesuits could do more, 281 00:13:55,133 --> 00:13:58,066 {\an1}and he thinks that Franciscans could do better 282 00:13:58,100 --> 00:14:00,166 {\an1}and that he could succeed where others have failed. 283 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:02,533 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 284 00:14:02,566 --> 00:14:06,333 {\an1}-Christianity in Japan was viewed with suspicion. 285 00:14:06,366 --> 00:14:09,366 {\an1}It was a potential threat to the ruling class, 286 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:12,600 but it also offered unknown opportunities. 287 00:14:12,633 --> 00:14:15,266 {\an1}-I think, with the arrival of the Christian missionaries, 288 00:14:15,300 --> 00:14:18,966 {\an7}they brought a whole set of new possibilities for the Japanese. 289 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,233 {\an8}And, remember, we're in warring-states Japan, 290 00:14:21,266 --> 00:14:23,366 so you've got lots of different feudal lords, 291 00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:27,166 {\an1}all vying against one another, all trying to get ahead. 292 00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:30,466 {\an1}And the Christian missionaries, together with the traders, 293 00:14:30,500 --> 00:14:32,533 {\an1}bring the possibility of trade. 294 00:14:32,566 --> 00:14:33,633 {\an1}They bring the possibility 295 00:14:33,666 --> 00:14:36,866 of intellectual and artistic exchange. 296 00:14:36,900 --> 00:14:40,600 {\an1}They bring the possibility of guns and of weapons. 297 00:14:40,633 --> 00:14:44,066 {\an1}-Almost as soon as they arrived in 1549, 298 00:14:44,100 --> 00:14:45,800 {\an1}Christian missionaries in Japan 299 00:14:45,833 --> 00:14:50,233 {\an1}faced difficult and often dangerous circumstances. 300 00:14:50,266 --> 00:14:52,633 {\an1}-It was an immense challenge to the early missionaries... 301 00:14:52,666 --> 00:14:54,433 "How do we preach the Christian faith 302 00:14:54,466 --> 00:14:57,766 {\an1}in a way that's intelligible and understandable 303 00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:01,033 {\an1}and convincing to a culture which is so different 304 00:15:01,066 --> 00:15:04,933 from our own, from European culture?" 305 00:15:04,966 --> 00:15:10,133 {\an1}-Some Christians went so far as to destroy Japanese temples. 306 00:15:10,166 --> 00:15:11,233 In return, 307 00:15:11,266 --> 00:15:13,400 {\an1}the country's highest leader decided 308 00:15:13,433 --> 00:15:16,533 to make an example of those involved. 309 00:15:16,566 --> 00:15:19,533 On February 5, 1597, 310 00:15:19,566 --> 00:15:23,633 {\an1}26 Christians were tortured and paraded through the city 311 00:15:23,666 --> 00:15:24,800 {\an1}before being crucified 312 00:15:24,833 --> 00:15:27,600 {\an1}on the Tateyama hilltop near Nagasaki. 313 00:15:27,633 --> 00:15:31,366 {\an1}-Japan was suddenly seen as an incredibly dangerous place 314 00:15:31,400 --> 00:15:33,333 to go as a missionary 315 00:15:33,366 --> 00:15:36,200 {\an1}and, if you step foot in Japan, as a missionary, 316 00:15:36,233 --> 00:15:39,066 you're facing almost certain death. 317 00:15:39,100 --> 00:15:43,733 -Cum Sancto Spiritu, in gloria Dei Patris. 318 00:15:43,766 --> 00:15:44,800 Amen. 319 00:15:44,833 --> 00:15:48,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 320 00:15:48,933 --> 00:15:53,933 {\an1}-The church Sotelo established in Edo was destroyed in 1612. 321 00:15:53,966 --> 00:15:58,000 {\an1}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 322 00:15:58,033 --> 00:16:01,566 {\an1}-He was arrested and imprisoned, along with other missionaries. 323 00:16:01,600 --> 00:16:05,100 {\an8}♪♪♪ 324 00:16:05,133 --> 00:16:07,610 - {\an1}-¿Sabeis qué ha pasado en la cuidad de  - [indistinct]? 325 00:16:07,666 --> 00:16:09,633 {\an1}-And, like he did with Hasekura, 326 00:16:09,666 --> 00:16:13,633 Date offered Sotelo an alternative to prison... 327 00:16:13,666 --> 00:16:16,033 Would he consider accompanying a samurai 328 00:16:16,066 --> 00:16:18,866 on a voyage halfway around the world, 329 00:16:18,900 --> 00:16:21,000 in hopes of signing a trade treaty? 330 00:16:21,033 --> 00:16:27,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 331 00:16:27,400 --> 00:16:28,800 As an incentive, 332 00:16:28,833 --> 00:16:30,166 Date told Sotelo 333 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:33,233 {\an1}he would support Catholicism in his territory. 334 00:16:33,266 --> 00:16:37,666 {\an8}♪♪♪ 335 00:16:37,700 --> 00:16:39,333 {\an7}Date likely believed that, 336 00:16:39,366 --> 00:16:41,800 {\an8}in addition to financial prosperity, 337 00:16:41,833 --> 00:16:45,800 {\an7}if he had the support of Japan's growing Catholic population, 338 00:16:45,833 --> 00:16:48,400 {\an1}he might then also have a large enough base 339 00:16:48,433 --> 00:16:50,033 {\an1}to become the country's leader. 340 00:16:50,066 --> 00:16:57,633 {\an8}♪♪♪ 341 00:16:57,666 --> 00:16:59,633 {\an1}And it was a chance for Sotelo 342 00:16:59,666 --> 00:17:01,933 to further his own ambitious plans 343 00:17:01,966 --> 00:17:03,933 {\an1}to become bishop of Japan. 344 00:17:03,966 --> 00:17:11,400 {\an8}♪♪♪ 345 00:17:11,433 --> 00:17:12,800 Date Masamune, 346 00:17:12,833 --> 00:17:15,833 the lord who dreamt of being shogun. 347 00:17:15,866 --> 00:17:18,433 Luis Sotelo, the Franciscan missionary 348 00:17:18,466 --> 00:17:21,200 {\an1}who wanted to become bishop of Japan. 349 00:17:21,233 --> 00:17:22,933 Hasekura Tsunenaga, 350 00:17:22,966 --> 00:17:27,400 {\an1}the samurai who longed to restore his family's honor. 351 00:17:27,433 --> 00:17:31,400 {\an1}These three characters' fates and ambitions were bound. 352 00:17:31,433 --> 00:17:33,533 But they faced an immediate challenge. 353 00:17:33,566 --> 00:17:35,800 {\an8}♪♪♪ 354 00:17:35,833 --> 00:17:37,366 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 355 00:17:37,400 --> 00:17:39,466 -[Interpreter] At that time, the Japanese didn't have 356 00:17:39,500 --> 00:17:42,233 great enough maritime and naval knowledge. 357 00:17:42,266 --> 00:17:44,066 {\an8}♪♪♪ 358 00:17:44,100 --> 00:17:46,000 {\an7}That's why they needed foreigners... 359 00:17:46,033 --> 00:17:48,333 {\an7}mostly Dutch or Spanish... 360 00:17:48,366 --> 00:17:51,900 {\an7}to guide them and help them for building and navigating... 361 00:17:51,933 --> 00:17:53,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 362 00:17:53,466 --> 00:17:55,600 {\an1}...and that was the case in the building of the ship 363 00:17:55,633 --> 00:17:56,866 that would be called 364 00:17:56,900 --> 00:17:58,577 - {\an1}the - San Juan Bautista. 365 00:17:58,633 --> 00:18:02,600 {\an8}♪♪♪ 366 00:18:02,633 --> 00:18:04,433 {\an1}-Modeled on the Spanish galleon, 367 00:18:04,466 --> 00:18:06,810 the 368 00:18:06,834 --> 00:18:09,200 San Juan Bautista was built in Sendai in 1613. 369 00:18:09,233 --> 00:18:12,300 {\an1}Construction took 45 days and required 370 00:18:12,333 --> 00:18:15,566 {\an1}800 shipwrights, 700 smiths, 371 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:17,227 and 372 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:18,900 laborers. 373 00:18:17,251 --> 00:18:18,933 3,000 374 00:18:18,933 --> 00:18:20,466 In 1993, 375 00:18:20,500 --> 00:18:22,466 {\an1}a group of Japanese citizens 376 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:24,733 {\an1}built a full-size replica of the ship 377 00:18:24,766 --> 00:18:27,766 to mark Hasekura's incredible journey. 378 00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:30,433 {\an1}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 379 00:18:30,466 --> 00:18:31,633 -[Interpreter] Here it is... 380 00:18:31,666 --> 00:18:34,233 {\an1}this is the San Juan Bautista. 381 00:18:34,266 --> 00:18:37,800 {\an8}♪♪♪ 382 00:18:37,833 --> 00:18:40,333 {\an8}It is an old style of galleon ship. 383 00:18:40,366 --> 00:18:41,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 384 00:18:41,933 --> 00:18:46,100 {\an7}That is Hasekura's flag on the mast. 385 00:18:46,133 --> 00:18:48,433 {\an8}The other, with the Rising Sun on it, 386 00:18:48,466 --> 00:18:51,033 {\an8}is Date's. 387 00:18:51,066 --> 00:18:54,900 There's a portrait of Hasekura Tsunenaga in Rome 388 00:18:54,933 --> 00:18:58,533 {\an1}and it has a little ship on his right side. 389 00:18:58,566 --> 00:19:00,366 That is all we had, 390 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:03,433 {\an1}so we referred to this picture to make the ship. 391 00:19:03,466 --> 00:19:10,233 {\an8}♪♪♪ 392 00:19:10,266 --> 00:19:12,160 {\an1}-The 393 00:19:10,266 --> 00:19:14,100 sailed away from the Japanese coast 394 00:19:12,184 --> 00:19:14,133 San Juan Bautista 395 00:19:14,133 --> 00:19:17,133 {\an1}with 180 passengers onboard... 396 00:19:17,166 --> 00:19:19,800 Japanese merchants, Franciscans, 397 00:19:19,833 --> 00:19:21,833 {\an1}crew members, and warriors. 398 00:19:24,966 --> 00:19:27,300 {\an1}The captain set the course east. 399 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:34,133 {\an1}As Hasekura and his countrymen looked out at the immense ocean, 400 00:19:34,166 --> 00:19:37,133 could they comprehend the distance they would travel? 401 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:48,533 {\an1}After three long months at sea, 402 00:19:48,566 --> 00:19:52,600 {\an1}the San Juan Bautista  set sights on the coast of Mexico. 403 00:19:52,633 --> 00:19:54,733 {\an8}[ Chorale plays ] 404 00:19:54,766 --> 00:19:57,600 {\an8}♪♪♪ 405 00:19:57,633 --> 00:20:02,500 {\an1}Docking in the Bay of Acapulco on January 28, 1614, 406 00:20:02,533 --> 00:20:06,133 {\an1}the group immediately set off for Mexico City, 407 00:20:06,166 --> 00:20:09,400 {\an1}the seat of the viceroy appointed by King Philip III. 408 00:20:09,433 --> 00:20:13,333 {\an8}♪♪♪ 409 00:20:13,366 --> 00:20:16,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ [ Bell tolling ] 410 00:20:16,466 --> 00:20:19,100 {\an8}♪♪♪ 411 00:20:19,133 --> 00:20:22,400 {\an1}The delegation's members found a growing city, 412 00:20:22,433 --> 00:20:24,533 very different from those of Japan. 413 00:20:28,133 --> 00:20:31,600 At the time, Spain's colonial cities 414 00:20:31,633 --> 00:20:34,166 {\an1}followed a plaza and grid system of organization 415 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:35,633 decreed by the crown. 416 00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:42,333 {\an1}Beatriz Palazuelos Mazars 417 00:20:42,366 --> 00:20:44,900 has sought out traces of the delegation 418 00:20:44,933 --> 00:20:46,666 {\an1}at the sites it visited. 419 00:20:48,833 --> 00:20:50,366 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 420 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:53,333 -[Interpreter] This is the old convent of San Francisco, 421 00:20:53,366 --> 00:20:57,200 {\an1}which was the colony's biggest at the time. 422 00:20:57,233 --> 00:20:59,833 -[Interpreter] It was the biggest in Mexico. 423 00:20:59,866 --> 00:21:02,500 -[Interpreter] In the city of Mexico. 424 00:21:02,533 --> 00:21:04,433 -[Interpreter] I think that it's the ideal place 425 00:21:04,466 --> 00:21:05,633 to welcome people, 426 00:21:05,666 --> 00:21:07,933 like those in Hasekura's delegation. 427 00:21:09,633 --> 00:21:12,166 {\an1}That was a very practical solution for the viceroy 428 00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:15,733 {\an1}because he could perfectly control the delegation, 429 00:21:15,766 --> 00:21:17,400 if all the Japanese were locked up here 430 00:21:17,433 --> 00:21:19,266 {\an1}in San Francisco's monastery. 431 00:21:19,300 --> 00:21:20,500 {\an1}It was very safe for him. 432 00:21:20,533 --> 00:21:23,233 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 433 00:21:23,266 --> 00:21:25,366 {\an1}-In the center of Mexico City, 434 00:21:25,400 --> 00:21:27,766 {\an1}the Franz Mayer Museum has some objects 435 00:21:27,800 --> 00:21:31,200 {\an1}that were brought over from Asia on the galleons of the period. 436 00:21:31,233 --> 00:21:34,166 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 437 00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:36,066 -[Interpreter] It's marvelous. 438 00:21:36,100 --> 00:21:37,209 -[Interpreter] Though made of bamboo, 439 00:21:37,233 --> 00:21:39,533 {\an1}it's still very heavy. 440 00:21:39,566 --> 00:21:41,009 -[Interpreter] Can you imagine how much it weighed 441 00:21:41,033 --> 00:21:42,333 {\an1}with all the clothes inside? 442 00:21:42,366 --> 00:21:45,700 {\an8}♪♪♪ 443 00:21:45,733 --> 00:21:48,533 {\an1}-While some silver items were produced exclusively 444 00:21:48,566 --> 00:21:50,966 for the empire's Catholic citizens, 445 00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:54,666 {\an1}Spain exported most of the valuable silver to China. 446 00:21:54,700 --> 00:21:57,500 {\an8}♪♪♪ 447 00:21:57,533 --> 00:21:59,266 {\an1}In exchange for the silver, 448 00:21:59,300 --> 00:22:02,400 {\an1}China offered the Europeans cloth... 449 00:22:02,433 --> 00:22:05,333 {\an1}satin, velvet, fine embroidery; 450 00:22:05,366 --> 00:22:06,900 {\an1}and, especially, silk, 451 00:22:06,933 --> 00:22:08,666 flowery or plain, 452 00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:11,566 decorated with golden and silver flowers. 453 00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:13,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 454 00:22:13,333 --> 00:22:15,166 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 455 00:22:15,200 --> 00:22:18,100 -[Interpreter] It represents the first globalization, 456 00:22:18,133 --> 00:22:22,000 {\an7}with things coming from China and then going to Manila. 457 00:22:22,033 --> 00:22:23,366 {\an8}And not just China, 458 00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:26,500 {\an8}since there are goods from Japan 459 00:22:26,533 --> 00:22:29,666 and we have spices from the Maluku Islands. 460 00:22:29,700 --> 00:22:30,900 {\an1}Soon, the slaves will arrive 461 00:22:30,933 --> 00:22:32,966 as the Portuguese bring them from Manila 462 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:35,066 {\an1}and they reach Acapulco and New Spain. 463 00:22:35,100 --> 00:22:37,300 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 464 00:22:37,333 --> 00:22:39,166 -[Interpreter] It's really globalization. 465 00:22:39,200 --> 00:22:43,566 {\an8}♪♪♪ 466 00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:45,866 {\an8}-Because of its strategic location halfway 467 00:22:45,900 --> 00:22:47,766 {\an7}between Asia and Europe, 468 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:50,766 {\an8}New Spain served as a commercial hub, 469 00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:54,166 {\an7}growing rich as a link for the Atlantic and the Pacific. 470 00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:58,833 {\an8}♪♪♪ 471 00:22:58,866 --> 00:23:00,866 {\an1}The Japanese delegation settled 472 00:23:00,900 --> 00:23:03,633 {\an1}into its temporary home in Mexico City, 473 00:23:03,666 --> 00:23:06,800 {\an1}as they prepared for their first important meeting. 474 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:11,366 {\an1}They requested an audience with the viceroy, 475 00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:13,566 {\an1}Diego Fernández de Córdoba, 476 00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:15,300 {\an1}hoping he might grant them the right 477 00:23:15,333 --> 00:23:17,666 to trade directly with New Spain. 478 00:23:17,700 --> 00:23:19,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 479 00:23:19,466 --> 00:23:21,233 De Córdoba did allow the merchants 480 00:23:21,266 --> 00:23:22,900 {\an1}who accompanied Hasekura 481 00:23:22,933 --> 00:23:26,366 {\an1}to sell the goods they'd brought with them on the voyage. 482 00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:28,633 {\an1}-[ Speaking Japanese ] 483 00:23:28,666 --> 00:23:30,966 {\an1}-But he avoided the question of Japan having 484 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,933 an independent trade relationship with New Spain. 485 00:23:34,966 --> 00:23:38,100 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 486 00:23:38,133 --> 00:23:39,842 -[Interpreter] One of the concerns he may have had, 487 00:23:39,866 --> 00:23:41,400 {\an1}as the viceroy of New Spain 488 00:23:41,433 --> 00:23:43,866 {\an1}and at the court of Spain, in general, 489 00:23:43,900 --> 00:23:46,733 {\an8}and throughout the Iberian empire, 490 00:23:46,766 --> 00:23:50,800 {\an7}is that, if they had agreed to the Japanese request, 491 00:23:50,833 --> 00:23:51,876 {\an7}the Japanese would have then 492 00:23:51,900 --> 00:23:54,533 {\an7}learned how to sail the course. 493 00:23:58,900 --> 00:24:00,333 But, until then, 494 00:24:00,366 --> 00:24:03,266 {\an1}only Spanish navigators knew how to do this 495 00:24:03,300 --> 00:24:05,533 {\an1}and, if the Japanese spoke of the route, 496 00:24:05,566 --> 00:24:08,266 the Dutch and English could also learn the secret. 497 00:24:08,300 --> 00:24:13,200 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 498 00:24:13,233 --> 00:24:14,966 -[Interpreter] If the secret is lost, 499 00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:17,833 {\an1}not only would the economy be endangered, 500 00:24:17,866 --> 00:24:20,500 {\an1}but Spanish territory itself would be at risk 501 00:24:20,533 --> 00:24:23,266 {\an1}because the British might attack California or New Spain 502 00:24:23,300 --> 00:24:24,766 {\an1}and conquer those lands. 503 00:24:28,033 --> 00:24:33,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 504 00:24:33,466 --> 00:24:37,633 {\an1}-But meeting with New Spain's viceroy was just a formality. 505 00:24:37,666 --> 00:24:39,200 Only King Philip III 506 00:24:39,233 --> 00:24:42,233 {\an1}could permit Japan to trade directly with New Spain. 507 00:24:42,266 --> 00:24:46,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 508 00:24:46,466 --> 00:24:49,533 {\an1}While Hasekura and Sotelo sailed for Europe, 509 00:24:49,566 --> 00:24:52,933 {\an1}a number of the Japanese merchants remained in Mexico. 510 00:24:52,966 --> 00:24:57,200 {\an8}♪♪♪ 511 00:24:57,233 --> 00:25:00,533 Hasekura, Sotelo, and about 30 other Japanese 512 00:25:00,566 --> 00:25:01,833 began the long march 513 00:25:01,866 --> 00:25:04,533 across the volcanic and desert terrain 514 00:25:04,566 --> 00:25:06,066 to Veracruz, 515 00:25:06,100 --> 00:25:09,033 {\an1}where another ship was waiting to take them to Spain. 516 00:25:09,066 --> 00:25:17,066 {\an8}♪♪♪ 517 00:25:17,300 --> 00:25:19,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 518 00:25:19,333 --> 00:25:21,200 {\an1}As they were crossing the sea, 519 00:25:21,233 --> 00:25:24,000 Hasekura and Sotelo were doubtless unaware that, 520 00:25:24,033 --> 00:25:27,633 in Japan, the shogun had issued a decree 521 00:25:27,666 --> 00:25:30,566 {\an1}forbidding Christianity. 522 00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:32,577 - -La corredera dice que navegamos  - 523 00:25:32,633 --> 00:25:35,133 {\an1}-Date Masamune declared he would continue 524 00:25:35,166 --> 00:25:38,566 {\an1}to protect missionaries in his territory up north, 525 00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:41,600 but it was unclear how long that would last. 526 00:25:41,633 --> 00:25:44,000 {\an8}♪♪♪ 527 00:25:44,033 --> 00:25:46,466 {\an1}At the same time, the viceroy 528 00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:49,733 {\an1}secretly sent a letter to King Philip in Spain, 529 00:25:49,766 --> 00:25:52,266 hoping to maintain the colony's monopoly 530 00:25:52,300 --> 00:25:54,166 {\an1}on Pacific trade in Asia. 531 00:25:54,200 --> 00:25:59,600 {\an8}♪♪♪ 532 00:25:59,633 --> 00:26:01,333 [ Horse neighs ] 533 00:26:01,366 --> 00:26:03,966 Correspondence between New Spain's viceroy 534 00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:06,466 and his distant king can be found 535 00:26:06,500 --> 00:26:08,800 {\an1}in the Archives of the Indies in Seville. 536 00:26:08,833 --> 00:26:10,700 {\an8}♪♪♪ 537 00:26:10,733 --> 00:26:13,733 {\an1}That's where, amid hundreds of other documents, 538 00:26:13,766 --> 00:26:15,666 {\an1}San Bernardino was able to read 539 00:26:15,700 --> 00:26:19,233 {\an1}Diego Fernández de Córdoba's warning to the Spanish court. 540 00:26:19,266 --> 00:26:20,966 {\an8}♪♪♪ 541 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:22,333 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 542 00:26:22,366 --> 00:26:23,542 -[Interpreter] "For Father Luis Sotelo 543 00:26:23,566 --> 00:26:25,800 {\an1}to continue his mission, 544 00:26:25,833 --> 00:26:28,600 {\an1}not much happened at this time." 545 00:26:28,633 --> 00:26:31,066 -[Interpreter] "May his energy and daring carry him, 546 00:26:31,100 --> 00:26:33,166 for he travels to Castillo and Rome 547 00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:36,800 {\an1}with a chimerical delegation and requests monks for Japan." 548 00:26:36,833 --> 00:26:38,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 549 00:26:38,466 --> 00:26:41,533 {\an8}-[ Speaking Spanish ] 550 00:26:41,566 --> 00:26:46,666 -[Interpreter] The viceroy sees Sotelo as a man on a small seat, 551 00:26:46,700 --> 00:26:48,833 {\an1}which means that he considers his reasoning 552 00:26:48,866 --> 00:26:52,733 {\an1}poorly founded or defended. 553 00:26:52,766 --> 00:26:55,733 {\an1}That's why the king sees him as a sort of... utopian. 554 00:26:55,766 --> 00:26:58,633 {\an8}♪♪♪ 555 00:26:58,666 --> 00:27:01,833 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 556 00:27:01,866 --> 00:27:05,066 -[Interpreter] In truth, it's very interesting what was happening. 557 00:27:05,100 --> 00:27:06,600 {\an1}While Sotelo and Hasekura 558 00:27:06,633 --> 00:27:09,966 were working so hard towards their goal, 559 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:12,733 {\an1}there were people working to make the delegation fail. 560 00:27:12,766 --> 00:27:17,200 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 561 00:27:23,333 --> 00:27:26,100 -October 5, 1614. 562 00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:31,033 {\an8}After two months crossing the Atlantic, 563 00:27:31,066 --> 00:27:32,400 {\an7}the galleon laid anchor 564 00:27:32,433 --> 00:27:34,366 {\an8}at the mouth of the Guadalquivir. 565 00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:41,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 566 00:27:41,466 --> 00:27:45,133 {\an7}Hasekura, Sotelo, and the rest of the delegation sailed 567 00:27:45,166 --> 00:27:48,566 {\an7}up the river toward Seville, aboard two ships. 568 00:27:48,600 --> 00:27:53,466 {\an8}♪♪♪ 569 00:27:53,500 --> 00:27:57,133 Led by the Moors from 711 to 1492, 570 00:27:57,166 --> 00:27:59,733 and then reconquered by Christians, 571 00:27:59,766 --> 00:28:01,966 at the time of Hasekura's visit, 572 00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,100 Seville was one of the most important 573 00:28:04,133 --> 00:28:07,433 {\an1}and powerful cities in Europe, 574 00:28:07,466 --> 00:28:09,600 {\an1}its prosperity a direct result 575 00:28:09,633 --> 00:28:11,800 of trade with the Americas and Asia. 576 00:28:11,833 --> 00:28:15,933 {\an8}♪♪♪ 577 00:28:15,966 --> 00:28:17,433 {\an7}The Japanese ambassador 578 00:28:17,466 --> 00:28:21,866 {\an7}was received with pomp, as a state guest. 579 00:28:21,900 --> 00:28:26,066 {\an1}Noblemen and merchants showed him the city's monuments 580 00:28:26,100 --> 00:28:28,333 and he stayed in the king's own room 581 00:28:28,366 --> 00:28:31,366 at Real Alcázar, the royal palace. 582 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,166 {\an8}♪♪♪ 583 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:36,233 {\an8}[ Birds chirping ] 584 00:28:36,266 --> 00:28:44,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 585 00:28:44,866 --> 00:28:46,666 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 586 00:28:46,700 --> 00:28:49,366 -[Interpreter] It was six days of dinners, 587 00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:53,433 {\an1}comedies, dances, parties. 588 00:28:53,466 --> 00:28:55,333 {\an8}♪♪♪ 589 00:28:55,366 --> 00:28:57,333 {\an1}We know, from accounts, that Hasekura 590 00:28:57,366 --> 00:29:00,433 was very moved and grateful in every way. 591 00:29:00,466 --> 00:29:03,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 592 00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:06,766 {\an1}He didn't know how to show his thanks for the reception, 593 00:29:06,800 --> 00:29:09,766 {\an1}which was such an honor. 594 00:29:09,800 --> 00:29:11,266 {\an1}Something like that would never 595 00:29:11,300 --> 00:29:13,333 have happened for him in Japan... 596 00:29:13,366 --> 00:29:14,866 {\an8}♪♪♪ 597 00:29:14,900 --> 00:29:18,600 {\an1}...because he wasn't daimyo. 598 00:29:18,633 --> 00:29:21,666 {\an1}He was just a simple samurai. 599 00:29:21,700 --> 00:29:24,733 [ Bells tolling ] 600 00:29:24,766 --> 00:29:26,800 [ Birds chirping ] 601 00:29:32,166 --> 00:29:35,500 [ Chorale plays ] 602 00:29:35,533 --> 00:29:38,300 {\an1}-One can only imagine the sense of culture shock 603 00:29:38,333 --> 00:29:41,800 {\an1}Hasekura likely experienced upon arriving in Seville. 604 00:29:41,833 --> 00:29:44,566 {\an8}♪♪♪ 605 00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:47,166 The city's cathedral was elaborately decorated 606 00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:50,366 {\an1}with gold and silver symbols of Christianity, 607 00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:53,233 {\an1}which must have seemed very strange to the samurai. 608 00:29:53,266 --> 00:29:57,100 ♪♪♪ 609 00:29:57,133 --> 00:29:59,166 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 610 00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:02,466 -[Interpreter] The missionaries working in Japan since the 16th century 611 00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:04,866 {\an1}had understood that the image of Christ suffering 612 00:30:04,900 --> 00:30:07,900 was not welcomed by the Japanese... 613 00:30:10,700 --> 00:30:12,300 because it seemed inconceivable 614 00:30:12,333 --> 00:30:13,933 and horrible to them 615 00:30:13,966 --> 00:30:17,066 {\an8}to show an image of a god suffering like this... 616 00:30:18,900 --> 00:30:21,366 {\an8}...a fate reserved only for criminals... 617 00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:23,366 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 618 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:27,066 -[Interpreter] a form of punishment for bad people. 619 00:30:27,100 --> 00:30:31,200 It seemed absolutely incompatible with a god. 620 00:30:31,233 --> 00:30:37,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 621 00:30:37,300 --> 00:30:41,466 {\an8}♪♪♪ 622 00:30:41,500 --> 00:30:43,600 {\an8}-[ Vocalizing ] 623 00:30:43,633 --> 00:30:51,633 {\an8}♪♪♪ 624 00:30:53,300 --> 00:30:59,500 {\an8}♪♪♪ 625 00:30:59,533 --> 00:31:01,233 {\an1}-With the promise of conversion 626 00:31:01,266 --> 00:31:03,600 and the global spread of Catholicism, 627 00:31:03,633 --> 00:31:05,800 Sotelo may have felt that the mission depended 628 00:31:05,833 --> 00:31:08,266 on the samurai embracing Christianity, 629 00:31:08,300 --> 00:31:10,266 {\an1}despite the clash of cultures. 630 00:31:10,300 --> 00:31:17,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 631 00:31:17,300 --> 00:31:25,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 632 00:31:25,866 --> 00:31:28,333 {\an8}November 1614. 633 00:31:28,366 --> 00:31:32,066 {\an8}♪♪♪ 634 00:31:32,100 --> 00:31:34,300 {\an1}The party left for Madrid, 635 00:31:34,333 --> 00:31:36,733 where they would meet with King Philip and his court, 636 00:31:36,766 --> 00:31:39,900 {\an1}in hopes of securing the king's approval of a trade agreement. 637 00:31:39,933 --> 00:31:47,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 638 00:31:47,300 --> 00:31:52,666 {\an8}♪♪♪ 639 00:31:52,700 --> 00:31:54,266 {\an8}A month later, 640 00:31:54,300 --> 00:31:57,533 {\an7}the samurai and the Franciscan reached the Spanish capital. 641 00:31:57,566 --> 00:32:05,566 {\an8}♪♪♪ 642 00:32:07,300 --> 00:32:09,700 {\an8}♪♪♪ 643 00:32:09,733 --> 00:32:12,433 {\an1}There, the two men met an Italian writer, 644 00:32:12,466 --> 00:32:14,366 Scipione Amati, 645 00:32:14,400 --> 00:32:16,600 who would chronicle the delegation's journey. 646 00:32:16,633 --> 00:32:18,700 {\an8}♪♪♪ 647 00:32:18,733 --> 00:32:23,400 "On January 30th in the year of our Lord 1615, 648 00:32:23,433 --> 00:32:26,033 the ambassador and Father Sotelo arrived 649 00:32:26,066 --> 00:32:29,233 with their group in the royal room, 650 00:32:29,266 --> 00:32:32,466 where the ambassador put on some exquisite clothes 651 00:32:32,500 --> 00:32:34,933 that are only used for formal occasions." 652 00:32:34,966 --> 00:32:41,700 {\an8}♪♪♪ 653 00:32:41,733 --> 00:32:44,066 According to Amati's written account, 654 00:32:44,100 --> 00:32:48,100 {\an1}Hasekura gave King Philip III a letter. 655 00:32:48,133 --> 00:32:51,366 {\an1}San Bernardino found the letter in the archives 656 00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:55,266 {\an1}of the Spanish monarchy at the Simancas Castle. 657 00:32:55,300 --> 00:32:59,200 {\an1}And, in it, San Bernardino read about an important decision 658 00:32:59,233 --> 00:33:01,900 Hasekura made during his travel... 659 00:33:01,933 --> 00:33:04,000 To become a Catholic. 660 00:33:04,033 --> 00:33:05,266 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 661 00:33:05,300 --> 00:33:06,609 -[Interpreter] This is the letter sent 662 00:33:06,633 --> 00:33:09,900 {\an1}by the ambassador Hasekura to Philip III... 663 00:33:09,933 --> 00:33:13,000 {\an8}-[ Speaking Spanish ] 664 00:33:13,033 --> 00:33:15,933 {\an8}-[Interpreter] "The honor of being received by Your Majesty is such 665 00:33:15,966 --> 00:33:17,333 {\an7}that it leaves me as happy 666 00:33:17,366 --> 00:33:22,300 {\an7}as a dark place upon which light has been shed." 667 00:33:22,333 --> 00:33:23,576 {\an8}-[Interpreter] "Light has been shed." 668 00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:24,766 {\an8}-[ Speaking Spanish ] 669 00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:26,766 {\an8}-[Interpreter] "'Light has been shed.' 670 00:33:26,800 --> 00:33:28,933 {\an8}It's the light of His Catholic Majesty, 671 00:33:28,966 --> 00:33:31,266 {\an8}the light of faith. 672 00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:32,933 {\an7}He is shown as a dark man 673 00:33:32,966 --> 00:33:34,766 {\an7}who has been enlightened, 674 00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:37,166 {\an8}through the king and the christening, 675 00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:38,433 {\an7}and who is transformed. 676 00:33:38,466 --> 00:33:40,033 {\an8}-[ Speaking Spanish ] 677 00:33:40,066 --> 00:33:41,533 {\an8}-[Interpreter] Hasekura requests 678 00:33:41,566 --> 00:33:45,633 {\an1}the presence of the king at his christening. 679 00:33:45,666 --> 00:33:46,833 -There is speculation 680 00:33:46,866 --> 00:33:49,866 {\an1}about Hasekura's motivations and intentions, 681 00:33:49,900 --> 00:33:52,600 with some scholars doubting his sincerity. 682 00:33:52,633 --> 00:33:54,400 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 683 00:33:54,433 --> 00:33:56,400 -[Interpreter] Hasekura wasn't as invested 684 00:33:56,433 --> 00:34:00,733 {\an1}in the christening, most likely, as in the king's presence. 685 00:34:00,766 --> 00:34:04,666 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 686 00:34:04,700 --> 00:34:08,000 -[Interpreter] It's the formal aspect, the solemnity, 687 00:34:08,033 --> 00:34:10,533 that really justifies his mission. 688 00:34:13,600 --> 00:34:15,800 -Hasekura's request to be christened 689 00:34:15,833 --> 00:34:18,400 {\an1}likely improved Sotelo's image 690 00:34:18,433 --> 00:34:20,333 and demonstrated to the royal court 691 00:34:20,366 --> 00:34:24,466 {\an1}that there were Japanese wishing to practice Catholicism, 692 00:34:24,500 --> 00:34:26,133 {\an1}providing additional incentive 693 00:34:26,166 --> 00:34:28,633 {\an1}to have a strong relationship with the country. 694 00:34:28,666 --> 00:34:31,466 [ Chorale plays ] 695 00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:35,533 Philip III answered the Japanese ambassador. 696 00:34:35,566 --> 00:34:39,133 {\an1}-"We are pleased by your request to become Christian 697 00:34:39,166 --> 00:34:40,533 {\an1}and we are most pleased 698 00:34:40,566 --> 00:34:44,266 {\an1}that the holy sacraments be celebrated in our presence." 699 00:34:44,300 --> 00:34:45,494 -Aceite 700 00:34:45,518 --> 00:34:46,733 [indistinct] 701 00:34:46,766 --> 00:34:49,333 {\an1}y en Jesucristo, Nuestro Señor, 702 00:34:49,366 --> 00:34:50,966 {\an1}para que tengais vida eterna. 703 00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:57,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 704 00:34:57,300 --> 00:35:05,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 705 00:35:07,300 --> 00:35:14,800 {\an8}♪♪♪ 706 00:35:14,833 --> 00:35:16,166 -Ego te baptizo, 707 00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:19,733 {\an1}in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. 708 00:35:19,766 --> 00:35:27,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 709 00:35:27,300 --> 00:35:31,666 {\an8}♪♪♪ 710 00:35:31,700 --> 00:35:34,933 -At his baptism, he took on a new name. 711 00:35:34,966 --> 00:35:38,133 Hasekura Tsunenaga would henceforth be called 712 00:35:38,166 --> 00:35:40,866 {\an1}Felipe Francisco Hasekura. 713 00:35:40,900 --> 00:35:44,566 {\an8}♪♪♪ 714 00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:46,733 {\an1}It symbolized a stark change 715 00:35:46,766 --> 00:35:48,966 from all that he had ever known... 716 00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:51,200 {\an1}his culture and identity. 717 00:35:51,233 --> 00:35:55,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 718 00:35:55,466 --> 00:35:58,266 {\an1}Did Hasekura's conversion have any influence 719 00:35:58,300 --> 00:36:02,000 {\an1}on Philip and his decision regarding trade? 720 00:36:02,033 --> 00:36:05,200 {\an1}A great deal was at stake for Spain. 721 00:36:05,233 --> 00:36:07,700 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 722 00:36:07,733 --> 00:36:10,933 {\an1}-An agreement with Japan would increase the amount of silver 723 00:36:10,966 --> 00:36:13,933 Spain was able to import and sell. 724 00:36:13,966 --> 00:36:15,766 {\an1}It was a key resource, 725 00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:18,533 {\an1}becoming more difficult to find in New Spain. 726 00:36:20,966 --> 00:36:22,166 {\an1}But the additional trade 727 00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:25,600 would also benefit New Spain substantially, 728 00:36:25,633 --> 00:36:27,833 raising concerns that its prosperity 729 00:36:27,866 --> 00:36:29,933 would lead to cries for independence. 730 00:36:29,966 --> 00:36:29,966 - [ - Gunfire 731 00:36:29,966 --> 00:36:31,166 [] 732 00:36:31,200 --> 00:36:34,266 {\an1}[ Shouting, swords clashing  ] 733 00:36:34,300 --> 00:36:38,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 734 00:36:38,333 --> 00:36:40,133 {\an7}The king of Spain avoided 735 00:36:40,166 --> 00:36:43,733 {\an7}giving the diplomatic mission a definitive answer. 736 00:36:43,766 --> 00:36:47,400 {\an8}Instead, he passed the responsibility on 737 00:36:47,433 --> 00:36:48,666 {\an8}to someone else. 738 00:36:48,700 --> 00:36:51,066 {\an8}♪♪♪ 739 00:36:51,100 --> 00:36:52,733 {\an8}If the Pope agreed, 740 00:36:52,766 --> 00:36:54,600 {\an7}Philip would then allow Japan 741 00:36:54,633 --> 00:36:57,000 {\an8}to trade directly with New Spain. 742 00:36:57,033 --> 00:37:00,333 {\an8}♪♪♪ 743 00:37:00,366 --> 00:37:03,600 Hasekura and Sotelo would have to travel on to Rome, 744 00:37:03,633 --> 00:37:05,466 {\an1}to meet the Pope at the Vatican. 745 00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:13,500 {\an8}♪♪♪ 746 00:37:13,966 --> 00:37:17,900 {\an8}August 22, 1615. 747 00:37:17,933 --> 00:37:21,366 {\an7}Almost two years after their departure from Japan, 748 00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:24,800 {\an8}Hasekura and Sotelo left Madrid for Barcelona, 749 00:37:24,833 --> 00:37:27,833 {\an7}where three boats were waiting to take them to Italy. 750 00:37:27,866 --> 00:37:30,633 {\an8}♪♪♪ 751 00:37:30,666 --> 00:37:34,900 {\an1}At the Vatican, the delegation was once again well-received 752 00:37:34,933 --> 00:37:36,433 {\an1}and given a reception reserved 753 00:37:36,466 --> 00:37:38,700 for the most important dignitaries. 754 00:37:38,733 --> 00:37:43,800 {\an8}♪♪♪ 755 00:37:43,833 --> 00:37:47,400 {\an1}Amati, the Italian chronicler, described the scene. 756 00:37:47,433 --> 00:37:49,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 757 00:37:49,566 --> 00:37:52,800 {\an1}"The lords and ladies of Rome were standing by the windows 758 00:37:52,833 --> 00:37:55,900 {\an1}bearing luxurious carpets. 759 00:37:55,933 --> 00:37:58,800 {\an1}Fifty horsemen arrived with their captains, 760 00:37:58,833 --> 00:38:03,000 {\an1}behind whom were the delegation members on horseback. 761 00:38:03,033 --> 00:38:07,900 {\an1}Then came the ambassador Don Felipe Francisco Hasekura, 762 00:38:07,933 --> 00:38:10,466 with his Swiss guard alongside him." 763 00:38:10,500 --> 00:38:15,066 {\an8}♪♪♪ 764 00:38:15,100 --> 00:38:16,333 The grand reception 765 00:38:16,366 --> 00:38:19,433 {\an1}may have eased worries Hasekura might have had 766 00:38:19,466 --> 00:38:22,466 {\an1}after the king of Spain left his requests unanswered. 767 00:38:22,500 --> 00:38:24,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 768 00:38:24,933 --> 00:38:27,500 {\an8}From now on, the delegation's fate 769 00:38:27,533 --> 00:38:29,933 {\an8}would depend on the sovereign pontiff. 770 00:38:29,966 --> 00:38:35,633 {\an8}♪♪♪ 771 00:38:35,666 --> 00:38:39,400 {\an7}Today, two places in Rome bear witness to the visit 772 00:38:39,433 --> 00:38:42,333 {\an7}from Hasekura Tsunenaga and Luis Sotelo. 773 00:38:42,366 --> 00:38:45,466 {\an8}♪♪♪ 774 00:38:45,500 --> 00:38:48,500 The first is in the Quirinal Palace, 775 00:38:48,533 --> 00:38:51,666 {\an1}once the home of the pontiff and, now, the residence 776 00:38:51,700 --> 00:38:53,666 of the president of the Republic of Italy. 777 00:38:53,700 --> 00:39:00,833 {\an8}♪♪♪ 778 00:39:00,866 --> 00:39:04,733 Pope Paul V received visitors here 779 00:39:04,766 --> 00:39:07,266 and painters captured the delegation's image 780 00:39:07,300 --> 00:39:09,333 {\an1}on the palace walls in fresco. 781 00:39:09,366 --> 00:39:14,233 {\an8}♪♪♪ 782 00:39:14,266 --> 00:39:16,066 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 783 00:39:16,100 --> 00:39:18,633 -[Interpreter] I like this image, especially because 784 00:39:18,666 --> 00:39:22,500 {\an1}it shows a sort of complicity between the two, 785 00:39:22,533 --> 00:39:24,533 {\an1}with Hasekura listening very carefully 786 00:39:24,566 --> 00:39:26,033 {\an1}to what Sotelo is saying. 787 00:39:28,266 --> 00:39:30,900 {\an8}They're whispering, talking quietly, 788 00:39:30,933 --> 00:39:32,833 {\an7}thinking about their strategy, 789 00:39:32,866 --> 00:39:35,266 {\an7}how best to go about their goal with the embassy. 790 00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:42,066 {\an8}It's like a snapshot of the moment for the embassy, 791 00:39:42,100 --> 00:39:45,600 {\an7}where things seem to be going very well, clearly. 792 00:39:45,633 --> 00:39:49,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 793 00:39:49,933 --> 00:39:51,933 {\an8}-The arrival of the Japanese delegation 794 00:39:51,966 --> 00:39:55,033 {\an7}was well-known throughout Rome and the Vatican. 795 00:39:55,066 --> 00:39:59,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 796 00:39:59,400 --> 00:40:03,433 {\an1}The Vatican City archives also hold evidence of the visit... 797 00:40:03,466 --> 00:40:06,700 {\an1}the two letters Date Masamune gave the samurai, 798 00:40:06,733 --> 00:40:08,633 who, in turn, gave them to the Pope. 799 00:40:08,666 --> 00:40:11,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 800 00:40:11,566 --> 00:40:15,400 {\an1}There is one letter in Latin, and one in Japanese. 801 00:40:15,433 --> 00:40:18,200 {\an1}In both, Date Masamune 802 00:40:18,233 --> 00:40:21,066 {\an1}declared his total submission to the Pope. 803 00:40:21,100 --> 00:40:24,433 {\an8}-[ Speaking Italian ] 804 00:40:24,466 --> 00:40:26,833 {\an8}-[Interpreter] This is Date Masamune's sign? 805 00:40:26,866 --> 00:40:29,466 {\an8}-[Interpreter] Yes, Date's seal. 806 00:40:29,500 --> 00:40:30,876 {\an8}-[Interpreter] And this, do you think 807 00:40:30,900 --> 00:40:33,066 {\an7}these are gold pieces? 808 00:40:33,100 --> 00:40:35,633 {\an8}-[Interpreter] Yes, it's paper that has gold particles. 809 00:40:37,633 --> 00:40:39,366 {\an7}But also, particles of silver. 810 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:40,933 {\an7}[ Conversing in Italian ] 811 00:40:40,966 --> 00:40:42,266 {\an8}So, it starts here. 812 00:40:42,300 --> 00:40:43,433 {\an8}-[Interpreter] Here. 813 00:40:43,466 --> 00:40:45,700 -[ Speaking Italian ] 814 00:40:45,733 --> 00:40:47,276 -[Interpreter] Date Masamune acknowledges 815 00:40:47,300 --> 00:40:51,866 {\an1}the universal holy spirit across the entire world 816 00:40:51,900 --> 00:40:54,333 {\an8}and, thus, in the first part, he says 817 00:40:54,366 --> 00:40:58,200 {\an7}that he wishes to embrace and welcome Christianity. 818 00:41:02,033 --> 00:41:03,166 -[ Speaking Italian ] 819 00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:04,509 -[Interpreter] He also asks someone 820 00:41:04,533 --> 00:41:06,600 to be named a bishop, so as to establish 821 00:41:06,633 --> 00:41:08,933 {\an1}a diocese on his territory. 822 00:41:08,966 --> 00:41:11,166 - [ Speaking Italian ] - [Interpreter] To Sendai? 823 00:41:11,200 --> 00:41:12,442 -[Interpreter] And the trade reason 824 00:41:12,466 --> 00:41:16,800 {\an1}is not explicitly put forth, but we can sense it. 825 00:41:16,833 --> 00:41:20,866 {\an8}♪♪♪ 826 00:41:20,900 --> 00:41:24,900 {\an1}-Christianity remained very unpopular. 827 00:41:24,933 --> 00:41:27,033 Would Date Masamune really be able 828 00:41:27,066 --> 00:41:28,900 {\an1}to protect members of the faith? 829 00:41:28,933 --> 00:41:34,133 {\an8}♪♪♪ 830 00:41:34,166 --> 00:41:36,933 -[ Speaking Italian ] 831 00:41:36,966 --> 00:41:40,633 -[Interpreter] The first anti-Christian edict was drafted in 1589... 832 00:41:40,666 --> 00:41:42,333 -[ Speaking Italian ] 833 00:41:42,366 --> 00:41:44,876 -[Interpreter] though the missionaries continued to preach their faith. 834 00:41:44,900 --> 00:41:48,700 -[ Speaking Italian ] 835 00:41:48,733 --> 00:41:51,133 -[Interpreter] Then in 1613, 836 00:41:51,166 --> 00:41:53,200 {\an1}a severe persecution began... 837 00:41:53,233 --> 00:41:57,233 {\an8}♪♪♪ 838 00:41:57,266 --> 00:41:58,733 of which news from Japan reached 839 00:41:58,766 --> 00:42:01,800 {\an1}both the Spanish kingdom 840 00:42:01,833 --> 00:42:03,933 {\an1}and His Holiness in the Vatican. 841 00:42:03,966 --> 00:42:06,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 842 00:42:06,933 --> 00:42:09,900 But I think the Pope was determined to maintain 843 00:42:09,933 --> 00:42:13,000 a cautious attitude. 844 00:42:13,033 --> 00:42:14,833 {\an8}♪♪♪ 845 00:42:14,866 --> 00:42:16,600 {\an1}-A few days after the meeting, 846 00:42:16,633 --> 00:42:22,233 {\an1}Paul V named Luis Sotelo Japan's second bishop. 847 00:42:22,266 --> 00:42:24,566 {\an1}But, much like Philip in Spain, 848 00:42:24,600 --> 00:42:27,933 {\an1}the Pope avoided making a decision on the trade deal, 849 00:42:27,966 --> 00:42:30,200 {\an1}insisting that it was Spain that must approve 850 00:42:30,233 --> 00:42:33,566 Sotelo's appointment and any business agreements. 851 00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:35,100 {\an8}♪♪♪ 852 00:42:35,133 --> 00:42:36,900 {\an1}The Franciscan monk understood 853 00:42:36,933 --> 00:42:39,766 he was no closer to accomplishing his mission. 854 00:42:39,800 --> 00:42:41,400 {\an8}♪♪♪ 855 00:42:41,433 --> 00:42:43,833 At the start of 1616, 856 00:42:43,866 --> 00:42:47,600 {\an1}the two men had no choice but to return to Spain, 857 00:42:47,633 --> 00:42:49,666 {\an1}in hopes of seeing Philip again. 858 00:42:49,700 --> 00:42:51,233 {\an8}♪♪♪ 859 00:42:51,266 --> 00:42:54,766 {\an7}While Sotelo and Hasekura traveled back across Europe, 860 00:42:54,800 --> 00:42:57,933 {\an7}the king of Spain received a letter from the Vatican, 861 00:42:57,966 --> 00:42:59,933 {\an7}recommending the monarch not meet 862 00:42:59,966 --> 00:43:02,566 {\an7}the two foreign diplomats a second time. 863 00:43:02,600 --> 00:43:06,100 {\an8}♪♪♪ 864 00:43:06,133 --> 00:43:07,400 And, in Japan, 865 00:43:07,433 --> 00:43:10,433 {\an8}Spain was now facing stiff competition 866 00:43:10,466 --> 00:43:13,500 {\an7}for the sale of foreign goods. 867 00:43:13,533 --> 00:43:15,900 {\an7}While Hasekura and Sotelo were away, 868 00:43:15,933 --> 00:43:18,500 {\an7}Spain's enemy, the Dutch, 869 00:43:18,533 --> 00:43:20,200 {\an7}opened their own trading outpost 870 00:43:20,233 --> 00:43:23,200 {\an7}in Hirado, near Nagasaki. 871 00:43:23,233 --> 00:43:25,966 {\an1}It would later be moved to Dejima Island, 872 00:43:26,000 --> 00:43:28,566 where its remains can still be seen today. 873 00:43:28,600 --> 00:43:31,166 {\an8}♪♪♪ 874 00:43:31,200 --> 00:43:33,600 Unlike the Spanish and Portuguese, 875 00:43:33,633 --> 00:43:37,600 {\an1}the Dutch were only interested in commercial trade. 876 00:43:37,633 --> 00:43:40,700 {\an1}Converting Japanese citizens to Christianity was 877 00:43:40,733 --> 00:43:42,966 of no interest. 878 00:43:43,000 --> 00:43:46,266 {\an1}They agreed to all of the Japanese trade stipulations... 879 00:43:46,300 --> 00:43:48,566 {\an1}surveillance, inspections, 880 00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:51,933 and prohibition of all religious worship. 881 00:43:51,966 --> 00:43:54,166 {\an1}The Dutch were easy partners 882 00:43:54,200 --> 00:43:56,266 and won the support of the shogun. 883 00:43:56,300 --> 00:44:02,866 {\an8}♪♪♪ 884 00:44:02,900 --> 00:44:06,200 Hasekura and his Japanese companions stayed 885 00:44:06,233 --> 00:44:09,400 at a monastery near Coria del Río, 886 00:44:09,433 --> 00:44:11,733 {\an1}while Sotelo arranged passage for the group 887 00:44:11,766 --> 00:44:13,766 {\an1}on a ship leaving Spain. 888 00:44:13,800 --> 00:44:15,133 -Hola. Buenos días. 889 00:44:15,166 --> 00:44:16,533 - Buenos días. - ¿Qué tal? 890 00:44:16,566 --> 00:44:21,733 {\an8}♪♪♪ 891 00:44:21,766 --> 00:44:23,600 {\an1}-But, refusing to give up, 892 00:44:23,633 --> 00:44:26,466 {\an1}the two men concocted a scheme that would allow them 893 00:44:26,500 --> 00:44:29,166 to stay in Europe for a longer period of time. 894 00:44:29,200 --> 00:44:31,800 {\an8}♪♪♪ 895 00:44:31,833 --> 00:44:34,400 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 896 00:44:34,433 --> 00:44:37,633 -[Interpreter] They ended up thinking of a theatrical illness, 897 00:44:37,666 --> 00:44:40,133 {\an7}with Hasekura complaining of fever 898 00:44:40,166 --> 00:44:44,133 {\an8}and Luis Sotelo seemingly breaking a leg. 899 00:44:44,166 --> 00:44:45,800 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 900 00:44:45,833 --> 00:44:48,309 -[Interpreter] Sotelo knew that, in Spain, he still had a chance 901 00:44:48,333 --> 00:44:51,066 to influence the king and the court. 902 00:44:51,100 --> 00:44:54,366 But, he knew that, once he'd climbed on that boat, 903 00:44:54,400 --> 00:44:56,533 {\an1}all chances would be lost. 904 00:44:56,566 --> 00:44:58,600 [ Door creaking ] 905 00:44:58,633 --> 00:45:01,433 {\an8}♪♪♪ 906 00:45:01,466 --> 00:45:03,966 {\an1}-By faking injury and illness, 907 00:45:04,000 --> 00:45:08,033 {\an1}key members of the delegation were able to remain in Spain, 908 00:45:08,066 --> 00:45:10,700 {\an1}and still hoped they might accomplish their goals. 909 00:45:10,733 --> 00:45:13,833 {\an8}♪♪♪ 910 00:45:13,866 --> 00:45:16,100 {\an1}The galleon that was supposed to carry them back 911 00:45:16,133 --> 00:45:19,533 {\an1}across the Atlantic left without the two men. 912 00:45:19,566 --> 00:45:27,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 913 00:45:27,333 --> 00:45:30,066 {\an1}In the spring of 1616, 914 00:45:30,100 --> 00:45:32,000 {\an1}the monk and the samurai 915 00:45:32,033 --> 00:45:35,766 {\an1}received a last letter from Philip III. 916 00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:38,666 {\an1}It was a final refusal. 917 00:45:38,700 --> 00:45:40,833 There would be no trade agreement, 918 00:45:40,866 --> 00:45:44,400 {\an1}nor a new bishop for Japan. 919 00:45:44,433 --> 00:45:48,133 {\an1}Hasekura and Sotelo had failed in their mission 920 00:45:48,166 --> 00:45:50,866 {\an1}and would have to make their way back to Asia. 921 00:45:50,900 --> 00:45:53,266 {\an8}[ Bell clanging ] 922 00:45:53,300 --> 00:45:59,066 {\an8}♪♪♪ 923 00:45:59,100 --> 00:46:01,933 {\an1}But not all of the delegation's members returned 924 00:46:01,966 --> 00:46:03,466 {\an1}to the Land of the Rising Sun. 925 00:46:03,500 --> 00:46:08,300 {\an8}♪♪♪ 926 00:46:08,333 --> 00:46:11,366 {\an1}The citizens of Coria del Río have always been curious 927 00:46:11,400 --> 00:46:13,466 {\an1}about why some members of the community 928 00:46:13,500 --> 00:46:15,700 {\an1}have the last name Japón. 929 00:46:15,733 --> 00:46:17,900 {\an8}♪♪♪ 930 00:46:29,266 --> 00:46:32,633 {\an1}The city's archives may hold the key to understanding more 931 00:46:32,666 --> 00:46:35,000 about the origins of the curious surname. 932 00:46:37,733 --> 00:46:39,866 - [ Speaking Spanish ] - [Interpreter] What exactly is 933 00:46:39,900 --> 00:46:41,333 this document we're about to see? 934 00:46:41,366 --> 00:46:43,333 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 935 00:46:43,366 --> 00:46:46,400 -[Interpreter] This document is the christening register. 936 00:46:46,433 --> 00:46:51,900 {\an1}The parish has kept these registers here since 1548 937 00:46:51,933 --> 00:46:53,933 {\an1}and this is where we see 938 00:46:53,966 --> 00:46:58,633 {\an1}the last name Japón recorded for the first time, 939 00:46:58,666 --> 00:47:03,833 {\an1}specifically, the entry for a baptized girl, Catalina. 940 00:47:03,866 --> 00:47:07,200 {\an1}Catalina, daughter of Martín, 941 00:47:07,233 --> 00:47:10,266 Martín Japón. 942 00:47:10,300 --> 00:47:12,200 -Many of the people in Coria del Río 943 00:47:12,233 --> 00:47:14,000 {\an1}with the family name Japón 944 00:47:14,033 --> 00:47:17,266 {\an1}feel a connection to Hasekura and his delegation. 945 00:47:40,833 --> 00:47:42,100 {\an8}♪♪♪ 946 00:47:42,133 --> 00:47:44,666 {\an8}-But are the Japón of Coria del Río 947 00:47:44,700 --> 00:47:47,500 {\an8}descendants of Hasekura's companions? 948 00:47:47,533 --> 00:47:54,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 949 00:47:54,400 --> 00:47:55,533 {\an8}-[ Speaking Spanish ] 950 00:47:55,566 --> 00:47:57,576 - {\an8}-Sí, sí, sí, sí. - Entonces, yo pienso  - ... 951 00:47:57,600 --> 00:47:59,733 {\an1}-Angel Luis Schlatter Navarro 952 00:47:59,766 --> 00:48:03,733 {\an1}took on the enormous task of checking all  the civil files 953 00:48:03,766 --> 00:48:06,933 in all the city halls and churches of the region. 954 00:48:08,933 --> 00:48:11,066 {\an8}-[ Speaking Spanish ] 955 00:48:11,100 --> 00:48:12,933 -[Interpreter] I did various calculations 956 00:48:12,966 --> 00:48:15,266 {\an1}and have seen lots of documents. 957 00:48:15,300 --> 00:48:18,233 {\an1}For me, an approximate estimate is that there were 958 00:48:18,266 --> 00:48:20,666 six Japanese members of the delegation 959 00:48:20,700 --> 00:48:23,600 {\an1}who stayed in Seville. 960 00:48:23,633 --> 00:48:27,233 {\an1}These Japanese stayed in Spain because they were very young 961 00:48:27,266 --> 00:48:29,300 {\an1}and, when they arrived and saw everything 962 00:48:29,333 --> 00:48:31,066 {\an1}that was happening here... 963 00:48:31,100 --> 00:48:34,366 Remember that Seville wasn't a political capital, 964 00:48:34,400 --> 00:48:37,900 {\an1}but the economic capital of Spain and the New World... 965 00:48:37,933 --> 00:48:40,500 {\an1}the New York of its time. 966 00:48:40,533 --> 00:48:44,033 {\an1}It was like a panorama opening before them. 967 00:48:44,066 --> 00:48:45,966 Thinking of their little village, 968 00:48:46,000 --> 00:48:47,600 they must've thought, 969 00:48:47,633 --> 00:48:50,333 {\an1}"Look, my village is here. 970 00:48:50,366 --> 00:48:53,733 {\an1}I'm going to make my life here." 971 00:48:53,766 --> 00:48:56,933 -Four hundred years after this delegation, 972 00:48:56,966 --> 00:49:00,000 {\an1}nearly 700 inhabitants of Coria del Río 973 00:49:00,033 --> 00:49:02,333 {\an1}still carry the memory of its visit 974 00:49:02,366 --> 00:49:05,266 and the name Japón. 975 00:49:05,300 --> 00:49:07,933 {\an1}It's one of the legacies of Hasekura's journey. 976 00:49:07,966 --> 00:49:11,866 {\an8}♪♪♪ 977 00:49:11,900 --> 00:49:14,500 1617. 978 00:49:14,533 --> 00:49:16,900 The return trip seems to meander. 979 00:49:16,933 --> 00:49:24,933 {\an8}♪♪♪ 980 00:49:25,066 --> 00:49:28,066 {\an1}Having crossed the Atlantic to New Spain, 981 00:49:28,100 --> 00:49:31,733 Hasekura and Sotelo cross the Pacific 982 00:49:31,766 --> 00:49:35,500 {\an1}and reach the Philippines in April of 1618. 983 00:49:35,533 --> 00:49:43,533 {\an8}♪♪♪ 984 00:49:45,133 --> 00:49:46,933 {\an1}After two years there, 985 00:49:46,966 --> 00:49:50,766 {\an1}the samurai finally set foot on Japanese soil 986 00:49:50,800 --> 00:49:53,500 and had to face the failure of his mission. 987 00:49:53,533 --> 00:49:57,233 {\an8}♪♪♪ 988 00:49:57,266 --> 00:50:00,266 {\an7}His journey had lasted seven years. 989 00:50:00,300 --> 00:50:07,266 {\an8}♪♪♪ 990 00:50:07,300 --> 00:50:10,733 {\an8}♪♪♪ 991 00:50:10,766 --> 00:50:14,600 {\an7}Did Date Masamune understand, from his samurai's account, 992 00:50:14,633 --> 00:50:17,066 {\an8}that he needed to give up on his plans? 993 00:50:17,100 --> 00:50:20,466 {\an8}♪♪♪ 994 00:50:20,500 --> 00:50:23,466 {\an7}Did he decide to ally himself with the new shogun? 995 00:50:23,500 --> 00:50:28,166 {\an8}♪♪♪ 996 00:50:28,200 --> 00:50:30,733 Shortly after Hasekura's return, 997 00:50:30,766 --> 00:50:33,066 {\an1}Date outlawed Christianity. 998 00:50:33,100 --> 00:50:34,633 {\an8}♪♪♪ 999 00:50:34,666 --> 00:50:38,133 Missionaries were to leave the region, 1000 00:50:38,166 --> 00:50:41,633 {\an1}Christians had to renounce their faith, 1001 00:50:41,666 --> 00:50:42,966 {\an1}and he promised a reward 1002 00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:45,666 {\an1}for anyone who would tell of hidden Christians. 1003 00:50:45,700 --> 00:50:53,700 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1004 00:50:55,300 --> 00:50:57,700 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1005 00:50:57,733 --> 00:51:01,766 {\an1}Hasekura died roughly 2 years after his return 1006 00:51:01,800 --> 00:51:03,366 {\an1}in obscure conditions... 1007 00:51:03,400 --> 00:51:05,033 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1008 00:51:05,066 --> 00:51:09,400 {\an1}...leaving one important question unanswered... 1009 00:51:09,433 --> 00:51:12,933 Was his conversion to Christianity sincere? 1010 00:51:12,966 --> 00:51:15,000 {\an1}Had the samurai truly embraced 1011 00:51:15,033 --> 00:51:17,300 the predominant European religion? 1012 00:51:17,333 --> 00:51:19,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1013 00:51:19,400 --> 00:51:22,900 {\an7}The Sendai City Museum holds several clues, 1014 00:51:22,933 --> 00:51:26,300 {\an1}items that were all confiscated from Hasekura's home 1015 00:51:26,333 --> 00:51:29,133 {\an1}by Date Masamune's guards... 1016 00:51:29,166 --> 00:51:31,166 A simple cross, 1017 00:51:31,200 --> 00:51:33,166 a crucifix, 1018 00:51:33,200 --> 00:51:34,533 a rosary, 1019 00:51:34,566 --> 00:51:36,200 {\an1}and a few other belongings. 1020 00:51:36,233 --> 00:51:38,500 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1021 00:51:38,533 --> 00:51:41,033 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 1022 00:51:41,066 --> 00:51:42,966 -[Interpreter] Had he not been Catholic, 1023 00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:45,000 {\an1}the first thing he would've done 1024 00:51:45,033 --> 00:51:47,133 would've been to hide these documents 1025 00:51:47,166 --> 00:51:49,333 {\an8}that could lead him to being hung 1026 00:51:49,366 --> 00:51:51,366 {\an7}or lead him to his death. 1027 00:51:51,400 --> 00:51:53,200 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1028 00:51:53,233 --> 00:51:56,333 {\an1}-Historians also know that roughly 20 years later, 1029 00:51:56,366 --> 00:51:59,666 Hasekura's son was accused of being Christian 1030 00:51:59,700 --> 00:52:04,000 {\an1}and ultimately excicuted for failing to turn in his Christian servants 1031 00:52:04,033 --> 00:52:06,100 {\an7}who were also tortured and killed. 1032 00:52:06,133 --> 00:52:07,366 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1033 00:52:07,400 --> 00:52:10,566 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 1034 00:52:10,600 --> 00:52:15,066 -[Interpreter] And the fact that he converted his own family to Christianity, 1035 00:52:15,100 --> 00:52:18,600 with all the risk that implied for them, 1036 00:52:18,633 --> 00:52:20,733 shows that Hasekura's transformation 1037 00:52:20,766 --> 00:52:24,666 {\an1}was complete and sincere, from the heart, 1038 00:52:24,700 --> 00:52:26,966 {\an1}a true interior transformation. 1039 00:52:27,000 --> 00:52:33,200 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1040 00:52:33,233 --> 00:52:35,500 -1623. 1041 00:52:35,533 --> 00:52:38,833 {\an1}Despite being forbidden from returning to Japan, 1042 00:52:38,866 --> 00:52:42,033 {\an1}Luis Sotelo disguised himself as a merchant 1043 00:52:42,066 --> 00:52:44,366 {\an1}and boarded a Chinese boat in Manila 1044 00:52:44,400 --> 00:52:45,933 {\an1}that was bound for Japan. 1045 00:52:45,966 --> 00:52:47,766 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1046 00:52:47,800 --> 00:52:50,200 {\an8}But he was discovered and imprisoned. 1047 00:52:50,233 --> 00:52:53,500 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1048 00:52:53,533 --> 00:52:54,766 Several months later, 1049 00:52:54,800 --> 00:52:57,566 the monk was pulled from his captivity 1050 00:52:57,600 --> 00:52:59,333 and bound to a post, 1051 00:52:59,366 --> 00:53:01,300 {\an1}alongside other Franciscan, 1052 00:53:01,333 --> 00:53:03,833 {\an7}Jesuit, and Dominican priests. 1053 00:53:03,866 --> 00:53:05,800 {\an7}He would be burned alive. 1054 00:53:05,833 --> 00:53:13,833 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1055 00:53:15,300 --> 00:53:17,333 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1056 00:53:17,366 --> 00:53:19,566 {\an8}From 1639 on, 1057 00:53:19,600 --> 00:53:22,766 {\an7}Japan cut off its relations with the West 1058 00:53:22,800 --> 00:53:25,100 {\an7}and would remain isolated from the world 1059 00:53:25,133 --> 00:53:27,466 {\an7}for the next 200 years. 1060 00:53:27,500 --> 00:53:30,500 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1061 00:53:30,533 --> 00:53:33,966 {\an8}Only the powerful Dutch East India Company 1062 00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:36,900 {\an7}maintained trade relations with the country, 1063 00:53:36,933 --> 00:53:39,866 {\an8}while also developing trade routes throughout Asia. 1064 00:53:39,900 --> 00:53:41,933 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1065 00:53:41,966 --> 00:53:45,200 {\an8}China benefited from this reorganization 1066 00:53:45,233 --> 00:53:48,100 {\an8}and grew very rich. 1067 00:53:48,133 --> 00:53:52,366 {\an7}But the Iberian Peninsula's trade in Asia quickly declined 1068 00:53:52,400 --> 00:53:54,866 {\an8}and Spain's empire would crumble, 1069 00:53:54,900 --> 00:53:56,666 {\an8}ending in 1640. 1070 00:53:56,700 --> 00:53:57,933 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1071 00:53:57,966 --> 00:54:00,333 -[ Speaking Spanish ] 1072 00:54:00,366 --> 00:54:01,642 -[Interpreter] I don't think that the Spanish 1073 00:54:01,666 --> 00:54:04,166 missed the boat on globalization. 1074 00:54:04,200 --> 00:54:07,866 {\an1}On the contrary, I think that they fought for it. 1075 00:54:07,900 --> 00:54:11,533 {\an1}The fact of fighting to prevent the opening of a new front, 1076 00:54:11,566 --> 00:54:14,300 {\an1}make it into the Pacific front, 1077 00:54:14,333 --> 00:54:15,700 {\an1}to keep the Dutch and British 1078 00:54:15,733 --> 00:54:18,833 {\an1}from attacking the Spanish territories on the Pacific, 1079 00:54:18,866 --> 00:54:20,666 {\an1}is exactly what allowed Spain 1080 00:54:20,700 --> 00:54:23,433 to keep its American territories. 1081 00:54:23,466 --> 00:54:26,066 They were preserved for three centuries, 1082 00:54:26,100 --> 00:54:28,933 to such a point that the Spanish language 1083 00:54:28,966 --> 00:54:33,000 {\an1}and Spanish civilization thrived there. 1084 00:54:33,033 --> 00:54:37,033 {\an1}And that's why there's now a Hispanic civilization 1085 00:54:37,066 --> 00:54:39,266 and that Spanish is the second most spoken 1086 00:54:39,300 --> 00:54:41,266 indigenous language in the world. 1087 00:54:41,300 --> 00:54:44,333 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1088 00:54:44,366 --> 00:54:46,533 {\an1}They didn't lose globalization. 1089 00:54:46,566 --> 00:54:47,766 They won it. 1090 00:54:47,800 --> 00:54:52,000 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1091 00:54:52,033 --> 00:54:55,666 {\an7}-Hasekura stood on the cusp of the modern world, 1092 00:54:55,700 --> 00:54:59,433 {\an8}attempting to bridge the East and West. 1093 00:54:59,466 --> 00:55:02,866 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1094 00:55:02,900 --> 00:55:08,200 {\an7}His voyage brought together trade, religion, and culture, 1095 00:55:08,233 --> 00:55:12,233 {\an7}allowing for a global exchange of people and ideas. 1096 00:55:12,266 --> 00:55:15,133 {\an8}♪♪♪ 1097 00:55:15,166 --> 00:55:18,000 {\an7}His fate provides a human face 1098 00:55:18,033 --> 00:55:20,900 {\an8}to the beginnings of globalization 1099 00:55:20,933 --> 00:55:23,500 {\an8}that would give rise to the interconnected 1100 00:55:23,533 --> 00:55:27,266 {\an7}and international world we know today. 1101 00:55:27,300 --> 00:55:29,533 {\an8}♪♪♪