1 00:01:43,270 --> 00:01:45,855 What an incredible sight. 2 00:01:46,690 --> 00:01:49,192 A Hollywood special effect, you're thinking? 3 00:01:49,401 --> 00:01:51,986 But, no, it's for real. 4 00:01:53,864 --> 00:01:56,491 It's the International Space Station. 5 00:01:56,867 --> 00:02:01,078 250 miles above us right now, it's being built ... 6 00:02:01,246 --> 00:02:03,581 by just a few dozen astronauts. 7 00:02:05,709 --> 00:02:08,544 If you'll come along with me, we'll go behind the scenes ... 8 00:02:08,712 --> 00:02:11,881 and find out how these extraordinary people do it. 9 00:02:12,549 --> 00:02:16,385 Okay, Chris, I'm just going to head on back to the aft of the payload bay here. 10 00:02:16,553 --> 00:02:18,137 Roger, I see you. 11 00:02:19,890 --> 00:02:22,892 What a beautiful view out the port side there. 12 00:02:24,561 --> 00:02:26,437 Yeah, it's spectacular. 13 00:02:37,741 --> 00:02:41,744 Working outside in the vacuum of space is a dangerous business. 14 00:02:43,372 --> 00:02:45,790 First, you calculate all the risks. 15 00:02:48,418 --> 00:02:51,087 Then, you learn how to deal with them. 16 00:02:53,549 --> 00:02:57,677 Chris, it looks like I've drifted off structure here a little bit. 17 00:02:58,011 --> 00:03:00,179 I'll try and pull myself back in. 18 00:03:00,347 --> 00:03:04,767 It looks like your tether is disconnected. I show it coiling away from you. 19 00:03:04,935 --> 00:03:08,354 And, Scott, you've headed out over the port nose of the vehicle. 20 00:03:08,522 --> 00:03:10,273 It looks you're out the port side. 21 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:12,984 They should be able to see you out windows 1, 2, or 3. 22 00:03:13,485 --> 00:03:16,737 - Okay, I'm going for the SAFER. - Okay, I agree. 23 00:03:16,905 --> 00:03:18,614 - Deploying the hand controller. - I see it. 24 00:03:18,782 --> 00:03:22,243 Okay, it swung out. Bring it up to the work envelope. 25 00:03:23,161 --> 00:03:26,831 - I got it in front of you. I see it. - Power on. Got AH Light. 26 00:03:30,002 --> 00:03:33,546 - Looks like you're starting to correct now. - Beginning to close. 27 00:03:33,797 --> 00:03:35,256 Looks nice. 28 00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:04,785 - I've got it. - Your feet are clear. 29 00:04:04,953 --> 00:04:06,996 Back on structure. Let's get some tethers on. 30 00:04:07,164 --> 00:04:08,497 Looks good, I concur. 31 00:04:08,665 --> 00:04:11,584 I see you got a good solid, your feet are clear below. 32 00:04:11,752 --> 00:04:15,796 For you and me, the virtual reality lab at the Johnson Space Center ... 33 00:04:15,964 --> 00:04:17,715 might be the ultimate video game. 34 00:04:17,883 --> 00:04:20,551 - Cheated death again. We're back on. - I concur. 35 00:04:21,303 --> 00:04:24,180 But if you're Scott Parazynski and Chris Hadfield ... 36 00:04:24,348 --> 00:04:27,183 it's where you learn how to escape from your worst nightmare. 37 00:04:27,351 --> 00:04:30,853 - Nice job. I like that. It was very smooth. - You're absolutely right. 38 00:04:31,021 --> 00:04:33,064 They're a construction team. 39 00:04:33,231 --> 00:04:36,442 One of many that will fly a whole series of missions ... 40 00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:39,028 to assemble the station in orbit. 41 00:04:41,573 --> 00:04:43,032 Another day at the office. 42 00:04:47,704 --> 00:04:50,957 It takes many parts to make a whole space station. 43 00:04:55,462 --> 00:04:58,047 Some modules are so big and heavy ... 44 00:04:58,340 --> 00:05:01,926 there's just enough rocket power to launch them one at a time. 45 00:05:03,971 --> 00:05:06,764 They've been designed and built by thousands of people ... 46 00:05:06,932 --> 00:05:09,016 in 16 different countries. 47 00:05:10,978 --> 00:05:14,730 Some pieces are tested here at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. 48 00:05:14,898 --> 00:05:16,649 Others in Russia. 49 00:05:18,068 --> 00:05:22,071 But will they all fit together when they arrive in space? 50 00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:28,995 The first station component was designed and built in Russia. 51 00:05:29,413 --> 00:05:33,874 It's called Zarya. It'll be boosted to orbit by the Proton rocket. 52 00:05:35,085 --> 00:05:38,421 With a thrust of 2.5 million pounds ... 53 00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:42,550 you don't want to be anywhere close by when they light that fuse. 54 00:06:19,421 --> 00:06:21,714 Proton is an expendable rocket. 55 00:06:21,882 --> 00:06:26,844 After delivering Zarya to orbit, it'll fall back to Earth into a safe zone. 56 00:06:29,639 --> 00:06:32,391 Other station parts will be hauled up by a fleet of ships ... 57 00:06:32,559 --> 00:06:34,643 of a very different design: 58 00:06:35,812 --> 00:06:38,022 NASA's space shuttles. 59 00:06:41,109 --> 00:06:43,986 They're more like hi-tech delivery trucks. 60 00:06:45,322 --> 00:06:47,323 One of these will close in on Zarya ... 61 00:06:47,491 --> 00:06:50,117 then the crew will grab it with the shuttle's arm. 62 00:06:50,285 --> 00:06:53,829 Houston, Endeavour, we have Zarya firmly attached to the orbiter. 63 00:06:53,997 --> 00:06:55,873 We're halfway home for the day. 64 00:06:56,041 --> 00:06:57,833 - Nice job. - All right. 65 00:06:58,001 --> 00:07:00,127 It was a big moment for the crew ... 66 00:07:00,295 --> 00:07:03,380 especially astronaut Nancy Currie, who operated the arm. 67 00:07:04,174 --> 00:07:05,716 She sure didn't want to miss. 68 00:07:05,884 --> 00:07:09,178 That was the longest 15 minutes of my entire life. 69 00:07:09,346 --> 00:07:11,222 Okay, back to the procedures. 70 00:07:11,765 --> 00:07:14,975 All right. Wait, give me my rendezvous procedures. 71 00:07:15,143 --> 00:07:18,687 The American module Unity is mounted in the cargo bay. 72 00:07:19,064 --> 00:07:23,818 C.J., the pilot, fires the shuttle's thrusters to push Unity upward ... 73 00:07:24,444 --> 00:07:26,278 and mate it to Zarya. 74 00:07:28,156 --> 00:07:29,615 Got capture. 75 00:07:30,283 --> 00:07:32,701 Houston, Endeavour, we have capture of Zarya. 76 00:07:32,869 --> 00:07:35,371 To the crew of the good ship Endeavour, that's terrific. 77 00:07:35,539 --> 00:07:38,374 The International Space Station is born. 78 00:07:40,877 --> 00:07:44,171 The shuttle will leave it here and return to Earth. 79 00:07:45,382 --> 00:07:49,343 The foundation is laid. Now it's up to the builders. 80 00:07:52,097 --> 00:07:55,474 Their job is an extreme high-wire act. 81 00:07:55,976 --> 00:07:59,937 Like building the great bridges and cathedrals in times past. 82 00:08:05,318 --> 00:08:07,736 The six million gallons of water in this tank ... 83 00:08:07,904 --> 00:08:11,407 provide the closest thing there is to working weightless. 84 00:08:14,286 --> 00:08:17,413 You practice on life-size models of the station. 85 00:08:18,373 --> 00:08:23,335 Before it's finally finished, these crews will have made 160 space walks. 86 00:08:24,087 --> 00:08:28,632 That's two-and-a-half times all the previous space walks ever done. 87 00:08:30,177 --> 00:08:33,846 Critics say that's too many. The risk is too high. 88 00:08:36,349 --> 00:08:38,851 All eyes are on the next flight. 89 00:08:39,019 --> 00:08:43,230 The shuttle Discovery will take the first assembly crew to station. 90 00:08:44,524 --> 00:08:47,443 The commander of the flight is Brian Duffy. 91 00:08:48,570 --> 00:08:50,529 Pamela Melroy is the pilot. 92 00:08:55,160 --> 00:08:58,537 We're in orbit, 250 miles up. 93 00:08:58,705 --> 00:09:00,289 Close enough to read the labels. 94 00:09:00,457 --> 00:09:02,625 The station is 45 feet away. 95 00:09:03,293 --> 00:09:05,794 That's Africa going by behind it. 96 00:09:06,796 --> 00:09:10,132 We're getting ready to dock with our house in space. 97 00:09:12,427 --> 00:09:17,014 Our crew's going to hook up the basics: wiring, plumbing, and phone. 98 00:09:19,309 --> 00:09:23,479 One of the key members of the team is mission specialist Koichi Wakata. 99 00:09:24,314 --> 00:09:28,150 When I was 5 years old and I saw the Apollo lunar landing ... 100 00:09:28,944 --> 00:09:32,821 that was the start of my longing for space flight. 101 00:09:34,074 --> 00:09:37,493 But I thought that kind of thing was beyond my reach ... 102 00:09:37,744 --> 00:09:41,705 something that was, at that time, impossible to achieve or to do ... 103 00:09:41,873 --> 00:09:43,374 as a Japanese. 104 00:09:45,710 --> 00:09:49,463 Koichi's installing the heart of the station's systems. 105 00:09:51,091 --> 00:09:53,092 It's called the "Z1-truss". 106 00:09:54,928 --> 00:09:57,763 I was moving the robot arm very slowly ... 107 00:09:58,056 --> 00:10:01,392 since the "Z1-truss" weighs about 18,000 pounds. 108 00:10:11,987 --> 00:10:13,153 And Koichi nails it. 109 00:10:13,321 --> 00:10:15,114 - 4 RTLs. - And we've got 4 RTLs. 110 00:10:15,282 --> 00:10:17,408 Another piece perfectly in place. 111 00:10:17,575 --> 00:10:19,535 Koichi, you the man! 112 00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:22,705 Everybody was cheering me ... 113 00:10:22,956 --> 00:10:25,874 and somebody was saying, "You are the man." 114 00:10:26,543 --> 00:10:27,876 That was a great moment. 115 00:10:28,712 --> 00:10:31,922 - You should have a 50mm camera. - I've got a camera with a 50mm socket. 116 00:10:32,090 --> 00:10:35,134 Leroy Chiao and Bill MacArthur, known as Billy Mac ... 117 00:10:35,302 --> 00:10:36,802 get ready for the first space walk. 118 00:10:36,970 --> 00:10:39,430 And a three-eighths ratchet drive with a 2-inch extension on it. 119 00:10:39,597 --> 00:10:42,266 In their suits, they can survive up to eight hours ... 120 00:10:42,434 --> 00:10:46,353 in temperatures of plus to minus 250 degrees. 121 00:10:46,604 --> 00:10:49,398 Swinging '60s, here I come, baby! Yeah! 122 00:10:49,566 --> 00:10:53,277 In conditions like that, you've got to keep your sense of humor. 123 00:10:53,486 --> 00:10:56,238 These guys are huge fans of Austin Powers. 124 00:11:00,410 --> 00:11:03,746 The commander gives Leroy and Billy Mac their send-off in the airlock ... 125 00:11:03,913 --> 00:11:05,581 before they move outside. 126 00:11:08,293 --> 00:11:13,088 The second team, Jeff Wisoff and Mike Lopez-Alegria, known as L.A ... 127 00:11:13,256 --> 00:11:15,924 seal off the inside hatch behind them. 128 00:11:25,769 --> 00:11:29,355 Their number one task is to deploy the next piece: 129 00:11:29,522 --> 00:11:31,857 The station's communications antenna. 130 00:11:32,025 --> 00:11:34,318 How cool is this? 131 00:11:35,945 --> 00:11:38,447 They push it manually into place. 132 00:11:44,871 --> 00:11:47,706 The all-important telephone is in. 133 00:11:50,877 --> 00:11:52,461 Now, the wiring. 134 00:11:53,797 --> 00:11:56,799 These cables are being laid out for another crew to connect ... 135 00:11:56,966 --> 00:11:58,550 on a later flight. 136 00:11:59,636 --> 00:12:03,305 They'll provide power to the science lab when it arrives. 137 00:12:06,643 --> 00:12:08,852 You guys, the World Series, the Super Bowl .... 138 00:12:09,020 --> 00:12:11,397 They don't know what pressure is. 139 00:12:17,570 --> 00:12:20,197 Every day, I operated the robotic arm ... 140 00:12:20,365 --> 00:12:23,075 to help by putting one space walker ... 141 00:12:23,243 --> 00:12:26,829 at the tip of the robot arm to move him to the location ... 142 00:12:26,996 --> 00:12:29,957 that he needs to do space walk activities. 143 00:12:31,835 --> 00:12:35,963 Leroy's going to install this toolbox for future crews to use. 144 00:12:37,132 --> 00:12:39,341 Inside is an array of special tools ... 145 00:12:39,509 --> 00:12:42,428 any Home Improvement fan would envy. 146 00:12:45,682 --> 00:12:49,601 Mike, there is no problem maintaining a death grip on the handrails. 147 00:12:54,524 --> 00:12:59,319 It's a strange feeling. My toes are curling right up. 148 00:13:03,992 --> 00:13:06,869 You always want to be sure you're securely anchored. 149 00:13:07,036 --> 00:13:11,206 But if you did come unhooked, here's a device that could save your life. 150 00:13:13,543 --> 00:13:16,378 It's a personal jetpack called SAFER. 151 00:13:16,629 --> 00:13:18,255 It's also very cool. 152 00:13:18,423 --> 00:13:21,925 It fits on your back and could power you back to safety. 153 00:13:22,343 --> 00:13:25,137 We saw it put to the test in the virtual reality lab. 154 00:13:25,305 --> 00:13:26,763 Go ahead and power .... 155 00:13:26,931 --> 00:13:29,266 Now we're going to try it out for real. 156 00:13:33,688 --> 00:13:36,732 Jeff is riding on the arm, watching ... 157 00:13:36,900 --> 00:13:38,984 in case anything goes wrong. 158 00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:43,405 L.A., flying on the right, is now powered by his jetpack. 159 00:13:50,830 --> 00:13:54,291 Just in case, he's attached by a thin wire. 160 00:14:01,090 --> 00:14:05,219 But he didn't need it after all. The test is a great success. 161 00:14:10,642 --> 00:14:14,520 Discovery pulls away, leaving the space station in orbit. 162 00:14:15,522 --> 00:14:18,982 So far, all the pieces have connected without a hitch. 163 00:14:21,945 --> 00:14:25,614 At the top is Zvezda. That's where the crews will live. 164 00:14:26,324 --> 00:14:30,744 Below it is Zarya, kind of a big float-through closet for storage. 165 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:33,872 And at the bottom, the truss and the Unity node ... 166 00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:36,792 where the next additions will be attached. 167 00:14:37,961 --> 00:14:40,462 The station's now ready for people. 168 00:14:43,841 --> 00:14:46,760 We're in Kazakhstan, at the Russian spaceport. 169 00:14:46,928 --> 00:14:51,139 Yuri Gagarin, the very first man in space, launched from here. 170 00:14:52,267 --> 00:14:56,812 Forty years later, this crew is getting ready to live on the space station. 171 00:14:56,980 --> 00:15:01,483 Two are Russian cosmonauts, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev. 172 00:15:02,735 --> 00:15:06,947 The crew's commander is an American, Bill Shepherd, known as Shep. 173 00:15:07,156 --> 00:15:10,242 His wife, Beth, is the astronaut fitness trainer. 174 00:15:10,410 --> 00:15:13,620 I was fortunate in that I was there in the capacity of ... 175 00:15:13,788 --> 00:15:16,790 his strength and conditioning coach ... 176 00:15:16,958 --> 00:15:19,876 whereas the Russian families were not able to come at all. 177 00:15:20,044 --> 00:15:21,878 They stayed in Star City. 178 00:15:24,257 --> 00:15:26,300 In the glare of the world's press ... 179 00:15:26,467 --> 00:15:30,929 it isn't easy to find a few last quiet moments alone together. 180 00:15:31,097 --> 00:15:34,600 This is the walkway they began after the first cosmonaut flew. 181 00:15:34,767 --> 00:15:39,062 Everybody that flew has a tree here. Gagarin's tree would be 40 years old now. 182 00:15:39,230 --> 00:15:42,232 When Shep and I were walking down that row of trees ... 183 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:43,817 which is very historic ... 184 00:15:43,985 --> 00:15:46,945 it was hard for me to believe that we were finally here ... 185 00:15:47,113 --> 00:15:48,739 because he had worked so hard. 186 00:15:48,906 --> 00:15:51,658 We had worked so hard for him to be there. 187 00:15:51,826 --> 00:15:54,494 And for us to finally be there together ... 188 00:15:54,662 --> 00:15:57,873 to think about the people that had come and gone ... 189 00:15:58,041 --> 00:16:01,668 and to know that this person next to me, my husband ... 190 00:16:02,170 --> 00:16:04,796 was going to be a part of that history ... 191 00:16:05,423 --> 00:16:08,133 that was a very special time for us. 192 00:16:08,301 --> 00:16:12,220 Shep and his crew will be gone in space for over four months. 193 00:16:17,310 --> 00:16:21,521 The International Space Station is a way for us to learn ... 194 00:16:21,689 --> 00:16:26,401 how we can go to other planets and explore other ways ... 195 00:16:26,569 --> 00:16:28,737 to live outside Earth. 196 00:16:29,489 --> 00:16:32,783 I think that's really exciting. I wanted to go too. 197 00:16:50,093 --> 00:16:53,512 The crew will launch to station aboard a Soyuz rocket ... 198 00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:56,473 the workhorse of the Russian space program. 199 00:17:00,269 --> 00:17:05,190 An unbelievable 406 launches have gone from this pad. 200 00:17:10,613 --> 00:17:14,032 Very unexpected for me, being out on the launch pad ... 201 00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:15,450 very foggy day ... 202 00:17:15,618 --> 00:17:18,370 having several hundred people at the base of the rocket ... 203 00:17:18,538 --> 00:17:23,291 which for an American launch would be very unusual and unheard of. 204 00:17:24,001 --> 00:17:28,004 Being able to have such close contact with friends and family who are right there ... 205 00:17:28,172 --> 00:17:31,675 right in the middle of those final moments before you go fly ... 206 00:17:31,843 --> 00:17:34,636 was really exciting, really special. 207 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:37,806 After everything we went through ... 208 00:17:37,974 --> 00:17:40,267 seeing your face on launch day made it all worth it. 209 00:17:40,435 --> 00:17:41,560 Let's go do it! 210 00:17:41,728 --> 00:17:43,228 He was so happy. 211 00:17:45,064 --> 00:17:47,149 Get those shuttles ready. 212 00:17:55,825 --> 00:17:58,535 Imagine, three guys and their gear ... 213 00:17:58,703 --> 00:18:02,664 inside a capsule the size of a Volkswagen Beetle ... 214 00:18:02,915 --> 00:18:04,916 and it's a two-day trip. 215 00:18:06,544 --> 00:18:10,130 The biggest risk is just getting out of the Earth's atmosphere ... 216 00:18:10,298 --> 00:18:12,048 and to a safe orbit. 217 00:18:17,388 --> 00:18:20,432 Once you're at the end of the powered flight ... 218 00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:23,769 and you're floating around in orbit, then you can sit back and say: 219 00:18:23,936 --> 00:18:27,481 "Boy, I'm glad that we have gotten that done successfully." 220 00:18:56,219 --> 00:19:00,555 Sitting in your couch with your knees bent up almost to your chin ... 221 00:19:00,723 --> 00:19:03,308 for hours at a time, it's pretty uncomfortable. 222 00:19:03,476 --> 00:19:05,936 But the Soyuz is very reliable. 223 00:19:06,103 --> 00:19:09,272 It's got a lot of capability to get you up into space ... 224 00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:11,650 and get you back on a bad day. 225 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:16,863 The house will be dark when they arrive. 226 00:19:17,031 --> 00:19:19,658 They can't be sure what lies in wait for them. 227 00:19:28,584 --> 00:19:31,253 Their job is to open everything up for the first time ... 228 00:19:31,420 --> 00:19:33,380 then get it all working. 229 00:19:33,631 --> 00:19:35,632 Be prepared for the unexpected. 230 00:19:37,927 --> 00:19:39,594 They're set to go. 231 00:19:39,887 --> 00:19:43,306 But after two days in a capsule with your knees in your chin ... 232 00:19:43,474 --> 00:19:45,934 you've got a few other priorities. 233 00:19:53,442 --> 00:19:56,444 Put together an ace Soyuz pilot like Yuri ... 234 00:19:56,612 --> 00:20:00,740 Sergei, a man who's already logged more than a year-and-a-half in space ... 235 00:20:00,908 --> 00:20:03,285 and a Navy SEAL for a commander ... 236 00:20:03,536 --> 00:20:06,288 and you've got the right stuff for the job. 237 00:20:09,083 --> 00:20:12,836 After we got the node open, it started to seem like ... 238 00:20:13,004 --> 00:20:17,132 a really expansive place, because we all have memories ... 239 00:20:17,300 --> 00:20:21,887 of being in much more confined spaces like Soyuz and even the shuttle. 240 00:20:27,310 --> 00:20:30,145 When I came to the Zvezda for the first time ... 241 00:20:30,313 --> 00:20:32,063 it looked for me as home. 242 00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:36,735 And that was a place where we stay and live and sleep. 243 00:20:38,821 --> 00:20:40,322 I was thinking we were here .... 244 00:20:40,489 --> 00:20:42,782 It has life-support equipment ... 245 00:20:43,117 --> 00:20:44,743 guidance and navigation ... 246 00:20:44,911 --> 00:20:47,913 jets to control the station, to move it around in space. 247 00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:51,124 If we weren't here, we wouldn't be seeing what we're seeing .... 248 00:20:51,292 --> 00:20:53,960 We have several windows looking down. 249 00:20:55,129 --> 00:20:58,006 We have to exercise every day to stay fit. 250 00:20:58,299 --> 00:21:00,717 And even after a relatively short flight ... 251 00:21:00,885 --> 00:21:03,511 you feel the difference in your muscles. 252 00:21:04,180 --> 00:21:06,723 When we did this exercise near the window ... 253 00:21:06,891 --> 00:21:10,101 every time you turn the pedal, you fly several kilometers. 254 00:21:10,728 --> 00:21:14,940 It's more impressive to say, "I ran the bike from Paris to China." 255 00:21:17,818 --> 00:21:21,488 Probably the nicest thing in sleep compartment is the window. 256 00:21:22,865 --> 00:21:25,241 From space, you don't see any borders. 257 00:21:25,534 --> 00:21:30,497 You really don't see where United States ends and Mexico starts. 258 00:21:31,207 --> 00:21:33,917 You feel yourself part of humankind ... 259 00:21:34,377 --> 00:21:37,545 not just man from one country or one city. 260 00:21:41,050 --> 00:21:45,261 Of course, on Earth, we take things like air and water for granted. 261 00:21:45,638 --> 00:21:47,973 But here, the supply is limited. 262 00:21:48,808 --> 00:21:53,061 You can't survive without it, so you have to recycle it continuously. 263 00:21:59,443 --> 00:22:03,947 You need a degree in plumbing to keep all your life-support systems running. 264 00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:06,282 And breakdowns do happen. 265 00:22:06,450 --> 00:22:07,575 In the future ... 266 00:22:07,743 --> 00:22:11,955 crews traveling to other planets will have to rely on repair skills like this. 267 00:22:12,623 --> 00:22:15,917 There are no replacement parts available on Mars. 268 00:22:18,337 --> 00:22:21,506 KD5FAL, this is NA1SS. Go ahead with your question. 269 00:22:21,674 --> 00:22:23,758 AB5A, this is Adam Gittleman. 270 00:22:23,926 --> 00:22:28,304 My question for you is: What did it take for you to become an astronaut? Over. 271 00:22:29,056 --> 00:22:31,266 What's the best way to become an astronaut? 272 00:22:31,434 --> 00:22:34,477 To stay in school and be the best student you can. 273 00:22:34,645 --> 00:22:37,105 That's because education is a lifelong thing. 274 00:22:37,273 --> 00:22:40,525 It doesn't stop when you leave school and walk out the door. 275 00:22:40,693 --> 00:22:43,528 It's something that'll go on for your whole life. 276 00:22:44,488 --> 00:22:46,448 That's what we'd recommend. 277 00:22:46,782 --> 00:22:48,616 Hi, I'm Santosh Bawani. 278 00:22:48,784 --> 00:22:51,286 How do you take showers in space, and if you use water ... 279 00:22:51,454 --> 00:22:52,537 how does the water flow? 280 00:22:52,705 --> 00:22:55,248 On ham radio, kids all over the world ... 281 00:22:55,416 --> 00:22:58,460 can talk to the crews about their home in space. 282 00:22:59,795 --> 00:23:02,756 Soon there's to be a huge new addition to it. 283 00:23:08,554 --> 00:23:13,266 Back at Kennedy Space Center, Destiny, the station's science laboratory ... 284 00:23:13,893 --> 00:23:16,311 perhaps its most important component ... 285 00:23:16,479 --> 00:23:19,814 is loaded into the cargo bay of the orbiter Atlantis. 286 00:23:38,334 --> 00:23:41,419 Shep, Yuri, and Sergei are about to have company. 287 00:23:45,174 --> 00:23:47,258 Welcome, Atlantis. 288 00:23:48,219 --> 00:23:49,511 Hey, guys, come on in. 289 00:23:49,678 --> 00:23:52,931 Atlantis is here, with the long-awaited laboratory. 290 00:23:53,808 --> 00:23:55,767 Like kids in a candy store ... 291 00:23:55,935 --> 00:24:00,021 the shuttle crew gleefully explores the station for the first time. 292 00:24:02,858 --> 00:24:04,400 Good to be here. 293 00:24:07,279 --> 00:24:10,824 In honor of the occasion, they wear very special socks. 294 00:24:13,536 --> 00:24:16,871 Houston, Atlantis, broadcasting from Destiny. 295 00:24:17,039 --> 00:24:19,082 Copy, a great first moment here. 296 00:24:19,250 --> 00:24:23,044 And the lab looks and feels and smells great ... 297 00:24:23,420 --> 00:24:26,297 and it looks like all the hard work has really paid off. 298 00:24:26,465 --> 00:24:28,216 It's a beautiful piece of hardware. 299 00:24:28,384 --> 00:24:32,428 A lot of these flights are transfer flights. So we are transferring various supplies. 300 00:24:32,596 --> 00:24:37,392 We bring them clothing and water. That's a water bag. 301 00:24:37,893 --> 00:24:40,603 Every now and then, we bring them a woman. 302 00:24:46,861 --> 00:24:50,238 It'll take a few more flights to get the lab up and running. 303 00:24:50,406 --> 00:24:52,323 But when it's ready, we can do experiments ... 304 00:24:52,491 --> 00:24:55,702 and make discoveries here in zero gravity ... 305 00:24:55,870 --> 00:24:58,204 that we just can't back on Earth. 306 00:24:58,414 --> 00:24:59,873 Well done. 307 00:25:33,574 --> 00:25:36,784 Atlantis pulls away, cargo bay empty. 308 00:26:03,979 --> 00:26:06,981 There are probably times, certainly over the holidays ... 309 00:26:07,149 --> 00:26:10,568 when you were able to correspond by email ... 310 00:26:10,736 --> 00:26:13,947 talk over the radio to friends and family on the ground. 311 00:26:14,156 --> 00:26:17,492 You knew there were things going on that you'd like to be a part of ... 312 00:26:17,660 --> 00:26:19,327 and you were missing. 313 00:26:28,212 --> 00:26:32,298 Shep's been busy dreaming up a Christmas surprise for Beth. 314 00:26:34,927 --> 00:26:36,678 His name is Captain. 315 00:26:41,183 --> 00:26:43,476 I picked up the little puppy ... 316 00:26:43,644 --> 00:26:46,187 and that's when Shep told me, "Merry Christmas." 317 00:26:46,730 --> 00:26:50,817 Now Shep's dog, Jake, who's missed him a lot, has a brand-new pal. 318 00:26:50,985 --> 00:26:54,028 With Shep being gone a lot, Jake was my buddy. 319 00:26:54,530 --> 00:26:57,365 Captain is my special present from space. 320 00:27:05,291 --> 00:27:08,209 Shep, Sergei, and Yuri will soon be home. 321 00:27:08,377 --> 00:27:11,296 The second crew is getting ready to take their place. 322 00:27:11,922 --> 00:27:16,551 Just imagine what you might be feeling in the last hours before your launch. 323 00:27:18,012 --> 00:27:22,348 The beach near the launch pad provides a haven for astronaut Susan Helms. 324 00:27:22,641 --> 00:27:26,060 I just let my mind wander as I'm walking along the beach ... 325 00:27:26,228 --> 00:27:29,647 looking at the waves. I noticed dolphins out there. 326 00:27:30,983 --> 00:27:33,568 These are the types of things I'm not gonna get to see ... 327 00:27:33,736 --> 00:27:35,486 up close and personal for several months. 328 00:27:35,654 --> 00:27:39,866 And I guess I realize now that I'm going to miss this. 329 00:27:41,952 --> 00:27:46,247 Right now, I'm starting to feel a little bit homesick about Earth ... 330 00:27:46,415 --> 00:27:48,499 even though I haven't left it yet. 331 00:27:51,712 --> 00:27:55,590 Before launch, the beach house retreat near the Kennedy Space Port ... 332 00:27:55,758 --> 00:28:00,219 is a quiet escape for Susan's crewmates, Yury Usachev and Jim Voss. 333 00:28:00,387 --> 00:28:04,140 The beach is such a beautiful place. It does give you a good feeling ... 334 00:28:04,308 --> 00:28:07,643 for the wide expanses of the Earth that we won't have ... 335 00:28:07,811 --> 00:28:09,562 while we're in the space station. 336 00:28:14,526 --> 00:28:17,779 Yury, the Expedition 2 Crew Commander, is Russian. 337 00:28:18,447 --> 00:28:21,491 Susan and Jim are American mission specialists. 338 00:28:22,576 --> 00:28:26,287 They'll launch to the station aboard the shuttle Discovery. 339 00:28:28,457 --> 00:28:29,624 This suit feels good. 340 00:28:29,792 --> 00:28:33,378 What I'll really miss are the normal things I like to do ... 341 00:28:33,545 --> 00:28:36,464 like working in my garage, working on my airplane. 342 00:28:37,132 --> 00:28:40,968 Taking a little time to be alone and work quietly. 343 00:28:43,472 --> 00:28:45,223 I expect that when I get up there ... 344 00:28:45,391 --> 00:28:49,477 every evening before I go to bed, I'm gonna wanna write notes to people ... 345 00:28:49,645 --> 00:28:53,606 and hope that they get sent down while we're sleeping and they write back. 346 00:28:53,899 --> 00:28:57,235 The great thing about having trained together for three or four years ... 347 00:28:57,403 --> 00:29:00,029 is that Jim, Yury, and I have become a bit of a family. 348 00:29:00,197 --> 00:29:04,158 And we have come to sense each other's moods and feelings ... 349 00:29:04,618 --> 00:29:08,371 to the point where, when one person ends up having difficulties of some kind ... 350 00:29:08,539 --> 00:29:11,499 and they need to get away, the rest of us understand. 351 00:29:22,302 --> 00:29:23,553 Bye-bye. 352 00:29:39,611 --> 00:29:43,698 "T" minus 12, all systems aboard Discovery are go. 353 00:29:44,324 --> 00:29:48,327 Eleven. This mission continuing in permanent human presence in space. 354 00:29:48,495 --> 00:29:50,121 Ten. 355 00:29:50,747 --> 00:29:52,748 Nine. 356 00:29:53,208 --> 00:29:54,750 Eight. 357 00:29:55,919 --> 00:29:57,670 Seven. 358 00:29:58,046 --> 00:30:00,047 Go for main engine start. 359 00:30:40,047 --> 00:30:42,507 Houston is now controlling. The rolling over is complete ... 360 00:30:42,674 --> 00:30:45,718 and Discovery is now in a heads down, wing-flipped position ... 361 00:30:45,886 --> 00:30:49,639 carrying the next resident crew to the International Space Station. 362 00:31:02,819 --> 00:31:07,240 Two days later, Discovery has caught up with the station and closes for docking. 363 00:31:07,407 --> 00:31:09,450 Expedition 2 is ready to relieve Expedition 1. 364 00:31:09,618 --> 00:31:13,538 Shep and the crew get a spectacular view from Destiny's window. 365 00:31:14,873 --> 00:31:17,083 That's all I gave you. Does that get you in there? 366 00:31:17,251 --> 00:31:20,211 The first time I came into station, of course ... 367 00:31:20,379 --> 00:31:23,297 the first impression is, "My gosh, this is so big." 368 00:31:24,841 --> 00:31:27,677 And then I was surprised with how much work ... 369 00:31:27,844 --> 00:31:31,472 Expedition 1 had accomplished, particularly with the laboratory. 370 00:31:34,476 --> 00:31:37,812 Jim, Yury, and Susan are already at work in the lab. 371 00:31:38,438 --> 00:31:42,358 They can grow large crystals here that we can't grow in Earth's gravity. 372 00:31:43,735 --> 00:31:46,195 By studying how they have formed ... 373 00:31:46,363 --> 00:31:50,116 we can learn how to make more effective medicines to cure diseases. 374 00:31:51,868 --> 00:31:54,537 If we ever expect to go to Mars, we have to understand ... 375 00:31:54,705 --> 00:31:58,040 how the human body will react to a really long flight. 376 00:31:58,208 --> 00:32:01,502 The human research facility will be an excellent source ... 377 00:32:01,670 --> 00:32:05,089 for performing human experiments to make sure we understand ... 378 00:32:05,257 --> 00:32:07,592 what happens to the human body in space. 379 00:32:07,759 --> 00:32:09,969 It has ultrasound technology ... 380 00:32:10,137 --> 00:32:13,055 it's got storage for many other meters and sensors ... 381 00:32:13,223 --> 00:32:15,516 that we can attach to the human body to wear ... 382 00:32:15,684 --> 00:32:18,144 and then send the data to the scientists on the Earth ... 383 00:32:18,312 --> 00:32:20,313 so that they can analyze it. 384 00:32:23,025 --> 00:32:26,736 It's time for the departing commander to brief his successor. 385 00:32:26,903 --> 00:32:29,947 Shep and his crew have done their job brilliantly. 386 00:32:30,616 --> 00:32:34,452 They're handing over a station that's completely up and running ... 387 00:32:34,620 --> 00:32:37,121 ready to realize its true potential. 388 00:32:40,250 --> 00:32:44,503 An American and a Russian kind of exchanging this job .... 389 00:32:45,756 --> 00:32:49,717 It was, to me, a historic chapter in space. 390 00:32:50,469 --> 00:32:54,388 A reflection of what humans can accomplish. 391 00:33:05,025 --> 00:33:09,111 With a last look at their dwelling in space, the crew heads home. 392 00:33:13,575 --> 00:33:16,827 The new tenants have already done some interior decorating. 393 00:33:19,206 --> 00:33:21,916 I brought about 40 snapshots. 394 00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:26,837 Of course, my wife, my daughter, and my friends, my dog Cody. 395 00:33:28,090 --> 00:33:30,049 The popcorn came up already popped. 396 00:33:30,217 --> 00:33:32,218 Once in a while, some pieces get away from us ... 397 00:33:32,386 --> 00:33:35,596 but they float up to the filters, and we can just clean them out ... 398 00:33:35,764 --> 00:33:37,682 when we do our weekly cleaning. 399 00:33:39,309 --> 00:33:44,271 Yury Vladimirovich Usachev is an extremely experienced cosmonaut. 400 00:33:45,023 --> 00:33:49,568 He likes working with his hands with tools and is just a really nice guy. 401 00:33:51,113 --> 00:33:54,740 They're so much alike, the two of them. It was really funny. 402 00:33:54,908 --> 00:33:58,536 Each of them would come up with ideas and get the other one sucked in ... 403 00:33:58,704 --> 00:34:00,955 to working on some sort of home project. 404 00:34:01,123 --> 00:34:04,750 They're a couple of hardware guys and I'm a software girl. 405 00:34:07,462 --> 00:34:09,797 It's great to live in Zero-G because ... 406 00:34:09,965 --> 00:34:12,800 you basically can become the world's best sportsman. 407 00:34:12,968 --> 00:34:16,303 You can lift up things like these bags of water ... 408 00:34:16,471 --> 00:34:18,472 which weigh probably over 100 pounds apiece ... 409 00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:20,808 and just move them like they're feathers. 410 00:34:20,976 --> 00:34:24,019 And so it's really nice for someone like me ... 411 00:34:24,187 --> 00:34:25,813 who's never been much of an athlete ... 412 00:34:25,981 --> 00:34:29,066 to be able to do all these superhuman things in space ... 413 00:34:29,234 --> 00:34:31,610 that I normally wouldn't get to do. 414 00:34:34,948 --> 00:34:37,324 The express rack Susan is installing ... 415 00:34:37,492 --> 00:34:39,702 contains experiments that could show us the way ... 416 00:34:39,870 --> 00:34:43,497 to more powerful computer chips or lighter metals. 417 00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:50,087 Yury just discovered one day that the onion had a small sprout ... 418 00:34:50,255 --> 00:34:51,297 growing out the top. 419 00:34:51,465 --> 00:34:55,342 So we placed it in a plastic bag with a washcloth wrapped around it. 420 00:34:55,635 --> 00:34:57,595 It sprouted, roots are growing. 421 00:34:57,763 --> 00:35:00,473 It was nice to have it around, not so much to eat ... 422 00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:03,225 but just to see a green growing plant. 423 00:35:04,603 --> 00:35:08,773 The MACE experiment is how Susan entertained herself on the weekends. 424 00:35:08,940 --> 00:35:11,233 I really liked working with this experiment. 425 00:35:11,401 --> 00:35:15,529 It was like playing with a big toy. It had moving parts and a brain. 426 00:35:17,032 --> 00:35:19,074 When you launch a satellite into space ... 427 00:35:19,242 --> 00:35:22,161 the control system is the designer's best guess ... 428 00:35:22,329 --> 00:35:25,873 of how it should control its own sensors and appendages. 429 00:35:26,833 --> 00:35:27,875 This experiment ... 430 00:35:28,043 --> 00:35:31,003 was trying to understand how you could design a control system ... 431 00:35:31,171 --> 00:35:33,172 to teach itself to work better. 432 00:35:37,052 --> 00:35:40,346 Over Honshu island in Japan, the shuttle Endeavour ... 433 00:35:40,514 --> 00:35:43,933 has arrived with a shipping container in its cargo bay. 434 00:35:44,476 --> 00:35:46,727 It's one of three high-tech moving vans ... 435 00:35:46,895 --> 00:35:49,271 built by the Italian Space Agency. 436 00:35:49,648 --> 00:35:51,732 This one's called Raffaello. 437 00:35:52,901 --> 00:35:56,195 Inside it, astronauts from three countries are at work. 438 00:35:57,531 --> 00:36:02,076 Chris Hadfield is Canadian, Yuri Lonchakov was born in Kazakhstan ... 439 00:36:02,410 --> 00:36:04,870 and Umberto Guidoni is from Rome. 440 00:36:05,163 --> 00:36:09,041 Working in space really makes people bond ... 441 00:36:09,209 --> 00:36:11,377 and I guess the fact that many countries ... 442 00:36:11,545 --> 00:36:14,421 are working on building the space station ... 443 00:36:14,589 --> 00:36:19,426 is bringing the culture and history of each country in the space station. 444 00:36:19,594 --> 00:36:23,097 And somehow it changes, a little bit, each of us. 445 00:36:24,599 --> 00:36:27,726 It's not just an adventuresome place to live ... 446 00:36:27,894 --> 00:36:31,856 but actually a pleasant and challenging and interesting place to live. 447 00:36:32,023 --> 00:36:35,609 I would really like the opportunity to spend a part of my life there. 448 00:36:37,279 --> 00:36:40,948 What struck me, though, was to watch the crew that's living there ... 449 00:36:41,658 --> 00:36:46,120 to see them view Earth as a separate place. 450 00:36:47,581 --> 00:36:51,041 Earth is something completely separate from them. 451 00:36:55,797 --> 00:36:59,300 It's an interesting step, I think, for humans ... 452 00:36:59,467 --> 00:37:02,678 to get to the point where you are now separated from your mother ... 453 00:37:02,846 --> 00:37:07,641 and you are starting to view yourself as more of a single separate entity ... 454 00:37:07,809 --> 00:37:10,603 heading off into the rest of the universe. 455 00:37:34,252 --> 00:37:38,255 If we were to have to leave the space station in the Soyuz vehicle ... 456 00:37:38,423 --> 00:37:40,466 we'd put on the SOKOL suits. 457 00:37:40,634 --> 00:37:44,011 All the material that's in the front is where you get into the suit. 458 00:37:44,179 --> 00:37:48,599 So you gather it up and then wrap two rubber bands around it ... 459 00:37:48,767 --> 00:37:51,352 to seal it so that it holds pressure. 460 00:37:54,189 --> 00:37:56,482 To get inside is a real challenge. 461 00:37:56,650 --> 00:37:59,360 It's one of these types of capsules where you've got ... 462 00:37:59,527 --> 00:38:02,655 three humans laying side by side like sardines. 463 00:38:09,704 --> 00:38:13,332 The Russians, on occasion, do provide two Soyuz spacecraft ... 464 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:15,668 and there's usually just one prime parking spot. 465 00:38:15,835 --> 00:38:17,878 So we need to do a bit of choreography ... 466 00:38:18,046 --> 00:38:21,298 in order to get the right Soyuz in the right place. 467 00:38:24,052 --> 00:38:28,055 All three crew members need to be in the Soyuz in the event there's a risk ... 468 00:38:28,223 --> 00:38:30,641 of needing to make an emergency de-orbit. 469 00:38:31,726 --> 00:38:35,729 The trickiest part was the re-docking, where you go into a different port ... 470 00:38:35,897 --> 00:38:40,234 and you've got a different point of view of the space station than you had before. 471 00:38:41,736 --> 00:38:45,197 All of us double-checked, triple-checked everything ... 472 00:38:45,365 --> 00:38:48,242 to make sure that when we got to the new docking port ... 473 00:38:48,410 --> 00:38:51,620 that we were going to have the ability to get back inside. 474 00:38:52,080 --> 00:38:54,581 That, to me, was the most tense part. 475 00:38:58,753 --> 00:39:02,673 Things have been known to break on the outside of the space station. 476 00:39:03,466 --> 00:39:08,429 You have to have a way to get outside and repair the item. 477 00:39:12,183 --> 00:39:15,227 An airlock is required to be able to do that. 478 00:39:16,312 --> 00:39:19,106 The station robotic arm is what I used ... 479 00:39:19,274 --> 00:39:22,651 to lift the airlock out of the shuttle's payload bay. 480 00:39:27,282 --> 00:39:32,244 The joint airlock is basically like a room that we can use to go outside. 481 00:39:32,495 --> 00:39:35,539 It's like a porch on your space station. 482 00:39:35,999 --> 00:39:39,251 And its whole function in life is to allow us to do space walks ... 483 00:39:39,419 --> 00:39:42,796 from the space station while the shuttle is not there. 484 00:39:45,216 --> 00:39:47,718 At the control station where you're operating the arm ... 485 00:39:47,886 --> 00:39:51,972 there's no window where you can look and see the arm in motion. 486 00:39:54,267 --> 00:39:58,228 There is no automatic collision control on that robotic arm ... 487 00:39:58,396 --> 00:40:01,899 and all of your wits and talents are required ... 488 00:40:02,067 --> 00:40:05,736 in order to keep from ramming it into the side of the space station. 489 00:40:07,864 --> 00:40:11,909 Video cameras are our most trustworthy friends. 490 00:40:17,123 --> 00:40:21,001 It's remarkable to me that we've been able to build these things ... 491 00:40:21,169 --> 00:40:23,587 thousands of miles apart in different countries ... 492 00:40:23,755 --> 00:40:25,506 using different systems ... 493 00:40:25,673 --> 00:40:28,717 and put them together in space, and for them to work. 494 00:40:36,559 --> 00:40:39,186 The robotic arm worked perfectly. 495 00:40:39,896 --> 00:40:43,440 You could not have asked for a more perfect piece of hardware. 496 00:40:51,616 --> 00:40:55,577 Inside, the crew moves the airlock's inner hatch into position. 497 00:40:57,539 --> 00:41:01,250 Now you can take a walk outside the station whenever you need to. 498 00:41:01,709 --> 00:41:04,711 But first, you have to get your body ready. 499 00:41:04,879 --> 00:41:08,423 If you don't, you get crippling pains called the bends. 500 00:41:10,677 --> 00:41:12,177 Now, I'm a diver. 501 00:41:12,595 --> 00:41:16,431 And every diver knows you don't ever want to get the bends. 502 00:41:17,642 --> 00:41:20,269 Astronaut Mike Gernhardt is also a diver. 503 00:41:20,812 --> 00:41:24,982 Before going outside, he breathes pure oxygen while he's exercising. 504 00:41:25,150 --> 00:41:27,568 That will get the pain-causing nitrogen bubbles ... 505 00:41:27,735 --> 00:41:29,903 out of his blood much faster. 506 00:41:38,538 --> 00:41:41,290 The front door to the station is now open. 507 00:41:41,457 --> 00:41:43,584 Its construction is ongoing. 508 00:41:44,252 --> 00:41:46,587 And soon, additions from Europe and Japan ... 509 00:41:46,754 --> 00:41:50,632 will enhance this incredibly versatile and unique laboratory. 510 00:41:51,718 --> 00:41:56,680 Here, we can expand our knowledge of things that affect our daily lives ... 511 00:41:57,432 --> 00:42:00,267 and learn how natural events and people ... 512 00:42:00,435 --> 00:42:02,686 are affecting our fragile environment. 513 00:42:03,938 --> 00:42:06,106 That's worth all the risks ... 514 00:42:06,733 --> 00:42:08,817 and something to celebrate. 515 00:42:14,866 --> 00:42:18,827 Atlantis, Houston, somewhere in the world, it's still Janet's birthday. 516 00:42:19,454 --> 00:42:22,289 - Pass me that orange. - Who wants some lemonade? 517 00:42:22,457 --> 00:42:23,874 Come on, over here. 518 00:42:24,250 --> 00:42:26,335 - Yury? - Okay. 519 00:42:26,502 --> 00:42:28,295 - Yury got it that time. - Janet. 520 00:42:28,671 --> 00:42:30,214 Steve. 521 00:44:08,604 --> 00:44:11,273 Space is a very special place. 522 00:44:11,899 --> 00:44:15,360 Without gravity, you can see and feel ... 523 00:44:15,737 --> 00:44:18,905 and try things you can't do anywhere else. 524 00:44:19,407 --> 00:44:22,909 In search of a better life on Earth, and away from Earth. 525 00:44:38,176 --> 00:44:41,178 One day, you too, may visit the space station. 526 00:44:42,305 --> 00:44:46,099 You might be an engineer inventing a whole new technology. 527 00:44:51,856 --> 00:44:55,525 You could be a doctor or an ecologist studying the Earth. 528 00:44:57,445 --> 00:45:00,280 Or you could be planning a trip to another planet. 529 00:45:01,783 --> 00:45:03,784 This is your test bed. 530 00:45:07,455 --> 00:45:10,248 Only tomorrow knows what you'll discover.