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(electric organ music)

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(uplifting orchestral music)

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- [Narrator] Four centuries before our era

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it was the Persian Empire
that ruled the world.

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The Greek Empire was glorious,
but finding it difficult

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to fight off the powerful enemy.

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Um...

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Ah! There's Greece.

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How small, when compared
to the powerful Persians.

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- It's pretty small, right?

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- Anyone near that small, who cares?

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- Yeah, you tell us about it.

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- Now I'll tell you something
that you may not know.

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One man by himself can
change the course of history.

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You just wait, you're going to see how.

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(horse neighs)

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- Ah, good horse. How much?

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- Twelve gold talents.

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- That's too much, no no no.

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- But he's a noble animal,
a horse for a king.

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- An expert horse will show us.

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Go on.

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- Yes, sir.

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Whoa.

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(soldiers laughing)

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- Since you find it so
amusing, you try and we'll see.

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- No, no, your majesty, I'd rather not.

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- I order you to ride him.

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- Ride him? I thought you'd never ask.

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(horse neighs)

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- [Soldier] Ooh!

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Ow.

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- Whoa!

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- There's no point having
a horse no one can ride.

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- Let me, I can ride him.

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- You? (laughs)

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Alexander, why would you succeed?

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- Because the others weren't watching,

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but you must forgive them.

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- Oh, boasting a little, aren't we?

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- Please let me try?

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I noticed something about this horse.

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He's afraid of his shadow.

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(Alexander grunts)

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Whoa, nice horsey.

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All right, let's show him.

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Get!

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(soldiers chuckle)

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Hee-ya!

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(horse neighs)

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- This is a fantastic horse, father.

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He's worth the price of 12 gold talents.

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- My son, one day you'll
have to conquer an empire

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of your own, Macedonia
won't be big enough for you.

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- Alexander named his horse Bucephalus.

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And it was to carry him far and wide

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to places where no man had gone before.

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- Only tell us, maestro,
where is Macedonia, exactly?

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- Macedonia was a very
small country, located...

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Just north of Greece, but in a few years,

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just as his father had predicted,

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Alexander had forged a great empire.

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The greatest empire that
civilization has ever known.

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- And he did that all alone?

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- No no, of course not.

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Many people had a hand in it.

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One man had a great
influence on Alexander,

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but he didn't pay close
attention, and that was too bad.

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- Oh, and who was that?

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- He was a great philosopher,
who looked rather like...

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- Ah, Aristotle, I was looking for you.

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I need you.

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- Philip of Macedonia,
well I greet you sire.

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What can I do for you, your majesty?

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- My son, Alexander, you
must prepare him to be king.

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- And why have you come to me?

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- Because you and Plato are
our greatest philosophers.

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- That's true, a king
must be brave in battle,

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but must also be wise.

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I'll teach him.

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(boys sword fighting)

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- Now, all awareness comes from our senses

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so we can tell what's real

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from what only appears to be real,

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but all that appears
real has to be explained

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by reason, because that is how we discover

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the hidden truth of our observations.

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Look around you: your senses
tell you the earth is flat.

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- Yes, there are mountains
and valleys, but it's flat.

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- Now, have you seen
an eclipse of the moon?

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- Yes, once I did, but there
was kind of a shadow over it.

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- That was caused by...

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- Well, uh...

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- It was the Earth's shadow. Draw it.

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Go on. Good.

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Now, if the Earth is flat,

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why does the shadow form a curved line?

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- Is it because the Earth
is round, like a ball?

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- [Aristotle] Exactly.

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- And really large?

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- Thousands, millions of times
larger than all Macedonia.

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- I guess that means
Macedonia is really small.

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- [Aristotle] Well, (laughs) in a way.

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- Hmm.

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- (cries) See, that
proves the Earth is flat.

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- [Shepherd] Help us!

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We're in need of help!

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- My friend, tell us what is the trouble?

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- The lion down from the mountain,

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he killed one of our sheep
and we're all frightened.

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- A lion?

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I can fight a lion with my bare hands.

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- That's not bravery, it's foolishness.

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- Am I not brave, Aristotle?

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- Know that the coward
flees danger and hides

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cowering before power, the foolhardy man

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rushes to danger without thinking.

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Whereas the truly courageous man

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confronts danger, but using his reason.

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Facing a lion with bare
hands is foolhardy.

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Reason lets man create weapons,

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which increase his power in a fight.

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- But I'm not an ordinary man,

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the blood of the gods runs in my veins.

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My ancestor Achilles was a god.

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- So you're immortal, then.

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- Gods are immortal, don't you know that?

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- Stop and think, Alexander.

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I know Macedonia, and I know that

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all Macedonians are mortals.

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- Yeah, so?

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- Aren't you a Macedonian?

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- So, I'm a Macedonian.

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- You are a Macedonian,
all Macedonians are mortal,

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ergo you are mortal.

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That is logic.

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- That we shall see.

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Where's this lion of yours?

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I'll tame him!

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- Come, I'll show you.

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(dramatic music)

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- Mm, take up your
weapons and follow them.

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- Now, this lion. Where is he?

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- Ah!

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(lion roars)

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(Alexander groans)

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- I believe this is human blood.

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Your father Philip of
Macedonia is a great king,

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and of course he is also a very great man,

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but he is still a man.

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And humans, as with animals,
always produce their own kind.

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I believe, Alexander, you are only a man.

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(arrow vibrates)

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(spear flying)

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(boys grunting)

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- You have a hot temper, Alexander.

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But your actions should
be ruled by reason,

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not your emotions.

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You think about that.

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- I respect you as I do my dad.

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He's the one who gave me
life, and you teach me

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how to live it wisely.

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- Love for his father and wisdom,

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and soon he's going to have
to choose between them.

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Because, when his father
takes for his second wife

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the beautiful Cleopatra...

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(men laughing)

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- To my daughter
Cleopatra, and to the child

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she will soon have, the
future king of Macedonia.

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- Are you insinuating
that I am illegitimate?

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- No

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(Philip growls)

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- You see, Macedonians,
your king who would lead you

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to Asia stumbles when walking
from one table to the next.

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- [Narrator] Naturally,
after this Alexander had

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to flee far from the royal palace.

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(soldiers whooping and yelling)

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- There he is!

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This way.

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- Go.

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- Mother.

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- Alexander, is that blood, son?

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You weren't badly hurt?

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Tell me you're all right.

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- Yes mother, I'm fine.

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- Alexander, I am not worried.

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You are invincible, immortal, my son.

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I told you, my son, your father

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was not Philip of
Macedonia, that paltry king.

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With the thunder, Zeus, king
of all gods, created you.

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Ah! It's about time.

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I've been waiting for you.

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(Philip screams)

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(men cheering)

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- You're king of Macedonia now, Alexander.

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- And all the wealth of
this world is as nothing.

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See not riches as the purpose
and goals of the good life.

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- Who are you, what are you doing?

199
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- Diogenes, a philosopher.

200
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- Diogenes, is there anything
at all that I can do for you?

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- Yes, move aside.
You're blocking the sun.

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- (laughs) By all the gods,
if I weren't Alexander

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I would like to be Diogenes.

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(drums roll)

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- All of Greece is ready
to follow you, Alexander,

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if you will free us from the Persians.

207
00:10:25,608 --> 00:10:27,563
- Sure, Greece, but not us Spartans.

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Not us!

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- At the time, Persia had the
greatest empire every known,

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it extended right to India, China, Russia,

211
00:10:33,415 --> 00:10:35,727
all the way to Egypt,
and it included countries

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that today are called
Afghanistan and Pakistan,

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00:10:38,893 --> 00:10:42,214
Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel,
Lebanon, and even Turkey.

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00:10:42,214 --> 00:10:44,840
The Persians could raise
an army of a million men,

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and it was said that their
army had so many soldiers

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00:10:47,264 --> 00:10:50,468
that if they drank from
the river it would dry up.

217
00:10:50,468 --> 00:10:53,226
- Oh, by the golden sword, look here, sir.

218
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It's dried up.

219
00:10:54,676 --> 00:10:57,926
(epic trumpet fanfare)

220
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- [Narrator] This was to be
Greece's most powerful army,

221
00:11:43,293 --> 00:11:45,926
30,000 foot soldiers, 10,000 on horseback.

222
00:11:45,926 --> 00:11:48,300
- There are three times more
Persians at the Hellespont.

223
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- Yes, I know.

224
00:11:49,133 --> 00:11:50,608
- What now?

225
00:11:50,608 --> 00:11:52,773
- I know the gods are with me.

226
00:11:52,773 --> 00:11:54,190
Forward. Advance!

227
00:11:59,589 --> 00:12:01,595
- You are only 22, Alexander, and you

228
00:12:01,595 --> 00:12:03,617
will know many successes, but remember,

229
00:12:03,617 --> 00:12:05,821
don't be ruled by your fiery nature.

230
00:12:05,821 --> 00:12:07,238
You must rule it.

231
00:12:11,911 --> 00:12:14,661
- I claim possession of all Asia.

232
00:12:18,253 --> 00:12:20,350
- Well, where are they?

233
00:12:20,350 --> 00:12:22,503
- Alexander's army has reached Asia,

234
00:12:22,503 --> 00:12:24,643
his soldiers number 30,000.

235
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- He's mad.

236
00:12:25,645 --> 00:12:27,763
Our 100,000 will soon dispatch

237
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this puny Macedonian into the sea.

238
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See to it.

239
00:12:31,542 --> 00:12:32,942
- Uh huh.

240
00:12:32,942 --> 00:12:34,735
The Greeks will surely come from here.

241
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With that dawn attack, they
will have the sun in their eyes.

242
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We will position our troops on this ridge.

243
00:12:48,870 --> 00:12:49,976
- We're near the Granicus river,

244
00:12:49,976 --> 00:12:53,143
the Persians are on the opposite side.

245
00:12:54,329 --> 00:12:57,408
- We'll camp here tonight
and attack at dawn.

246
00:12:57,408 --> 00:12:59,855
- That's just what the
Persians think we'll do.

247
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But look there, the sun is
behind us and in their eyes.

248
00:13:02,776 --> 00:13:04,527
We attack them and right now.

249
00:13:04,527 --> 00:13:06,466
You, Parmenio, will command on the left.

250
00:13:06,466 --> 00:13:07,971
Ptolemy, you will take the right.

251
00:13:07,971 --> 00:13:09,421
I'll take the center.

252
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Onward.

253
00:13:10,717 --> 00:13:13,467
(trumpet blasts)

254
00:13:15,672 --> 00:13:18,339
(arrows flying)

255
00:13:24,966 --> 00:13:27,966
(soldiers fighting)

256
00:13:41,302 --> 00:13:44,014
- [Narrator] It was
victory at Granicus river.

257
00:13:44,014 --> 00:13:46,514
And to the victor, the spoils.

258
00:13:54,456 --> 00:13:56,880
- No, no, spoils of war
we're supposed to share.

259
00:13:56,880 --> 00:14:00,147
- Uh, naturally I was
just looking. (laughs)

260
00:14:00,147 --> 00:14:02,897
(crowd cheering)

261
00:14:09,498 --> 00:14:10,586
- This is Apollus the painter,

262
00:14:10,586 --> 00:14:12,077
and Lysippos the great sculptor.

263
00:14:12,077 --> 00:14:14,089
They'll immortalize you.

264
00:14:14,089 --> 00:14:14,922
- Good.

265
00:14:19,496 --> 00:14:22,390
You can finish all that later,
I can't waste all this time.

266
00:14:22,390 --> 00:14:25,019
I have a whole world to conquer.

267
00:14:25,019 --> 00:14:26,263
- [Apollus] Oh.

268
00:14:26,263 --> 00:14:28,351
- Come on, Philotas, follow me.

269
00:14:28,351 --> 00:14:33,159
- Not bad, but needs more red
and the arm is too skinny.

270
00:14:33,159 --> 00:14:34,476
- Oh, well it may be too skinny,

271
00:14:34,476 --> 00:14:37,143
but at least it didn't fall off.

272
00:14:38,138 --> 00:14:41,506
Alexander's not made of marshmallow.

273
00:14:41,506 --> 00:14:42,800
- [Narrator] The Greek
cities along the coast

274
00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:45,096
of Asia Minor were
liberated, and Alexander

275
00:14:45,096 --> 00:14:47,657
advanced toward the interior.

276
00:14:47,657 --> 00:14:49,986
- Gordion, Asian citadel of King Midas.

277
00:14:49,986 --> 00:14:54,153
- King Midas, whose touch
turned everything to gold?

278
00:14:58,877 --> 00:14:59,877
- Come look.

279
00:15:02,322 --> 00:15:03,883
- Why is the chariot here?

280
00:15:03,883 --> 00:15:07,925
- This chariot belonged
to our old King Gordius.

281
00:15:07,925 --> 00:15:11,435
Yes, the chariot is here
because an oracle said

282
00:15:11,435 --> 00:15:14,094
the one who can undo the Gordion knot

283
00:15:14,094 --> 00:15:16,567
would be the master of Asia.

284
00:15:16,567 --> 00:15:18,749
- Can't tell where it
starts and where it ends.

285
00:15:18,749 --> 00:15:19,582
Too hard.

286
00:15:25,836 --> 00:15:30,003
- [Soldiers] Nobody can
untie it, it's not possible.

287
00:15:31,359 --> 00:15:33,759
Oh, he cut it with his sword!

288
00:15:33,759 --> 00:15:36,140
- And he's the master of Asia.

289
00:15:36,140 --> 00:15:37,525
- Alexander's army is powerful.

290
00:15:37,525 --> 00:15:38,624
It grows every day.

291
00:15:38,624 --> 00:15:40,629
He's already conquered Phrygia.

292
00:15:40,629 --> 00:15:42,745
- Sire, you should take command.

293
00:15:42,745 --> 00:15:44,373
- Very well, I shall lead the troops

294
00:15:44,373 --> 00:15:48,380
and I'll teach that
Macedonian a good lesson.

295
00:15:48,380 --> 00:15:52,547
(trumpet fanfare and soldiers marching)

296
00:16:14,618 --> 00:16:16,540
- Your majesty, Darius
has raised a large army.

297
00:16:16,540 --> 00:16:18,138
They're marching on us now.

298
00:16:18,138 --> 00:16:19,897
It's said he has a million soldiers.

299
00:16:19,897 --> 00:16:22,912
- Ah, then why are we waiting?

300
00:16:22,912 --> 00:16:26,829
- Sire, you realize we're
strongly outnumbered?

301
00:16:27,881 --> 00:16:30,357
- Sire, wait, it's not finished.

302
00:16:30,357 --> 00:16:32,440
- I haven't even started.

303
00:16:37,171 --> 00:16:40,171
(soldiers marching)

304
00:16:51,445 --> 00:16:52,659
- Halt!

305
00:16:52,659 --> 00:16:55,289
- They're quite near,
so what are your orders?

306
00:16:55,289 --> 00:16:58,627
Fighting here on the plain,
they have the advantage, sire.

307
00:16:58,627 --> 00:17:01,448
- Yes, we are outnumbered 10-to-1.

308
00:17:01,448 --> 00:17:03,188
Sire, look there!

309
00:17:03,188 --> 00:17:05,022
- You're right.

310
00:17:05,022 --> 00:17:07,863
We will march all night
and wait at Issus Pass.

311
00:17:07,863 --> 00:17:10,113
There we will destroy them.

312
00:17:27,475 --> 00:17:30,308
(cavalry yelling)

313
00:17:43,529 --> 00:17:46,362
(swords clanging)

314
00:17:47,666 --> 00:17:48,499
- Yah!

315
00:17:49,841 --> 00:17:50,674
- Ah!

316
00:17:52,189 --> 00:17:54,939
(horse neighing)

317
00:17:57,933 --> 00:17:59,056
- What! The king has fled.

318
00:17:59,056 --> 00:18:01,126
We're lost without him!

319
00:18:01,126 --> 00:18:02,960
- [Narrator] The battle at
the pass was a great victory,

320
00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:05,816
and Parmenio forges on, taking Damascus

321
00:18:05,816 --> 00:18:08,975
and bringing back from
there more than 300 cooks,

322
00:18:08,975 --> 00:18:13,595
and 50 garland weavers,
and 300 dancing girls.

323
00:18:13,595 --> 00:18:15,320
The way to Persia is now open,

324
00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:17,537
but Alexander turns and heads for Egypt.

325
00:18:17,537 --> 00:18:20,635
The Tyrians manage to create
a few problems for him.

326
00:18:20,635 --> 00:18:22,851
Gaza was another hard nut to crack.

327
00:18:22,851 --> 00:18:27,018
Greek fire, it was a novelty
that was all the rage.

328
00:18:29,569 --> 00:18:32,653
At last, here they are
beside the Nile River,

329
00:18:32,653 --> 00:18:35,097
and it is here that he founds his city:

330
00:18:35,097 --> 00:18:36,847
his port, Alexandria.

331
00:18:37,749 --> 00:18:40,559
He hopes it will become a
beacon of Greek culture,

332
00:18:40,559 --> 00:18:44,097
shining out to the rest of the world.

333
00:18:44,097 --> 00:18:46,937
He goes on, hundreds of
miles across the desert

334
00:18:46,937 --> 00:18:50,011
to the Temple of Siwa at Ammon.

335
00:18:50,011 --> 00:18:54,178
For he says I must honor my
father, the ram god Zeus Ammon.

336
00:18:57,281 --> 00:18:59,948
Alexander is strange. Troubling.

337
00:19:14,426 --> 00:19:16,456
Once again, Darius raises a great army,

338
00:19:16,456 --> 00:19:19,873
and they would meet in battle at Abreles.

339
00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:36,550
(elephants roar)

340
00:19:40,684 --> 00:19:43,684
(soldiers fighting)

341
00:19:46,023 --> 00:19:46,856
- Ah!

342
00:19:52,129 --> 00:19:54,796
(sword slicing)

343
00:19:57,344 --> 00:20:01,826
And once again glorious
victory and crushing defeat.

344
00:20:01,826 --> 00:20:05,159
Babylon cheered Alexander the conqueror.

345
00:20:12,689 --> 00:20:14,647
Alexander was astonished by the high level

346
00:20:14,647 --> 00:20:17,182
of science, a culture going
back thousands of years.

347
00:20:17,182 --> 00:20:18,910
A people he had thought primitive.

348
00:20:18,910 --> 00:20:20,993
Nevertheless, he let himself go,

349
00:20:20,993 --> 00:20:24,410
indulging in the pleasures of the Orient.

350
00:20:26,536 --> 00:20:29,086
Triumph and glory go to his head.

351
00:20:29,086 --> 00:20:31,836
He loses all sense of proportion.

352
00:20:38,172 --> 00:20:40,333
- Don't be ruled by your
passions, Alexander.

353
00:20:40,333 --> 00:20:41,500
Dominate them.

354
00:20:42,943 --> 00:20:44,513
- [Narrator] On he goes,
farther and farther,

355
00:20:44,513 --> 00:20:48,096
into the unpredictable,
fascinating Orient.

356
00:20:51,534 --> 00:20:52,819
- What are you doing there?

357
00:20:52,819 --> 00:20:54,059
- Looking for black gold.

358
00:20:54,059 --> 00:20:55,551
That's petroleum oil, you could say.

359
00:20:55,551 --> 00:20:58,384
You don't believe me, take a look.

360
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:01,793
- Wah!

361
00:21:03,740 --> 00:21:05,427
- One day, it will bring my country

362
00:21:05,427 --> 00:21:08,028
the greatest wealth the world has known.

363
00:21:08,028 --> 00:21:12,195
- Susa, one of the capital
cities, is taken effortlessly.

364
00:21:14,312 --> 00:21:17,583
(arrows flying)

365
00:21:17,583 --> 00:21:19,132
And the faithful Parmenio will take

366
00:21:19,132 --> 00:21:20,972
the last enemy strongholds on the way

367
00:21:20,972 --> 00:21:23,222
to the fabulous Persepolis.

368
00:21:27,763 --> 00:21:28,596
- Yah!

369
00:21:29,433 --> 00:21:31,937
(woman crying)

370
00:21:31,937 --> 00:21:34,379
(soldiers laughing)

371
00:21:34,379 --> 00:21:35,462
- Sire, this?

372
00:21:38,626 --> 00:21:40,389
- [Narrator] Had he really gone mad?

373
00:21:40,389 --> 00:21:42,560
A violent father given to excess,

374
00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:46,284
a mother caught up in myths,
claiming his father was a god,

375
00:21:46,284 --> 00:21:50,736
is it any wonder that Alexander
was crazed, unpredictable?

376
00:21:50,736 --> 00:21:53,819
(soldiers carousing)

377
00:21:57,584 --> 00:22:00,667
(Alexander laughing)

378
00:22:06,915 --> 00:22:08,761
(girl whispering)

379
00:22:08,761 --> 00:22:11,011
- Bring me a lighted torch!

380
00:22:26,464 --> 00:22:29,464
(soldiers laughing)

381
00:22:39,612 --> 00:22:42,599
By the gods, did I do that?

382
00:22:42,599 --> 00:22:46,766
- [Narrator] And still he
went on, farther and farther.

383
00:22:50,037 --> 00:22:50,870
- Forward!

384
00:22:52,466 --> 00:22:54,594
- [Narrator] Now Darius
is dead, their victories

385
00:22:54,594 --> 00:22:56,783
are unchallenged, but the men are weary,

386
00:22:56,783 --> 00:22:59,179
and some of them protest.

387
00:22:59,179 --> 00:23:02,132
Losing all sense of
reality, Alexander orders

388
00:23:02,132 --> 00:23:04,795
his friend Philotas killed.

389
00:23:04,795 --> 00:23:08,215
Then his faithful general Parmenio.

390
00:23:08,215 --> 00:23:11,132
(sad violin music)

391
00:23:29,501 --> 00:23:32,155
And then came the turn of...

392
00:23:32,155 --> 00:23:34,611
- No, Alexander, you are not a god.

393
00:23:34,611 --> 00:23:37,348
A god acts alone, you
succeeded through the courage

394
00:23:37,348 --> 00:23:39,471
and devotion of all your men.

395
00:23:39,471 --> 00:23:42,054
Men like Philotas and Parmenio.

396
00:23:44,779 --> 00:23:45,612
- Ugh.

397
00:23:46,653 --> 00:23:49,513
Many of these men had
marched with Alexander

398
00:23:49,513 --> 00:23:51,241
for thousands of miles.

399
00:23:51,241 --> 00:23:54,146
Together they had crossed
deserts and high mountains,

400
00:23:54,146 --> 00:23:56,392
opening new routes by land and sea.

401
00:23:56,392 --> 00:23:59,287
Many of the cities they
founded are standing today.

402
00:23:59,287 --> 00:24:03,540
But weakened by malaria, perhaps
victim of a criminal act,

403
00:24:03,540 --> 00:24:06,746
Alexander dies at the age of 33.

404
00:24:06,746 --> 00:24:08,673
Yes, he was given to tragic excess,

405
00:24:08,673 --> 00:24:11,241
but thanks to him, Aristotle's philosophy

406
00:24:11,241 --> 00:24:13,264
found a place in Islamic doctrine.

407
00:24:13,264 --> 00:24:15,167
And where he sowed Greek thought,

408
00:24:15,167 --> 00:24:18,009
a new civilization would
take root and flourish.

409
00:24:18,009 --> 00:24:19,426
The Roman Empire.

410
00:24:21,636 --> 00:24:24,803
(epic trumpet music)