1
00:00:09,726 --> 00:00:12,889
[Train rolls along tracks]

2
00:00:20,203 --> 00:00:22,671
BILL BASCH: There is one thing
that has puzzled me...

3
00:00:22,705 --> 00:00:25,299
and has puzzled the world--

4
00:00:25,341 --> 00:00:31,109
that the Germans dedicated
manpower and trains...

5
00:00:31,147 --> 00:00:33,911
and trucks and energy...

6
00:00:33,950 --> 00:00:37,716
towards the destruction of
the Jews through the last day.

7
00:00:37,754 --> 00:00:41,383
Had they stopped six months
before the end of the war...

8
00:00:41,424 --> 00:00:44,518
and dedicated that energy

9
00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:46,824
towards strengthening
themselves...

10
00:00:46,863 --> 00:00:49,388
they may have carried on the war
a little longer.

11
00:00:49,432 --> 00:00:53,300
But it was more important
to them to kill the Jews...

12
00:00:53,336 --> 00:00:55,566
than even winning the war.

13
00:02:05,508 --> 00:02:07,703
IRENE ZISBLATT: I grew up
in a town called Polena...

14
00:02:07,743 --> 00:02:09,040
in the Carpathian mountains.

15
00:02:09,078 --> 00:02:12,104
It was a small town
of two main streets.

16
00:02:12,148 --> 00:02:14,207
This leads all the way up to--

17
00:02:14,250 --> 00:02:16,616
There is a church over there.
You can't see it.

18
00:02:16,652 --> 00:02:20,110
We had a post office,
and we had a town hall...

19
00:02:20,156 --> 00:02:23,250
and we had a church
and a synagogue.

20
00:02:23,292 --> 00:02:24,884
Everybody knew each other.

21
00:02:24,927 --> 00:02:26,986
It was beautiful.

22
00:02:27,029 --> 00:02:30,396
I lived
in a town called Uzhorod.

23
00:02:30,433 --> 00:02:33,300
It was a small town...

24
00:02:33,336 --> 00:02:38,797
yet it had the feel
of a big cosmopolitan town.

25
00:02:38,841 --> 00:02:41,639
Right here was a little deli.

26
00:02:41,677 --> 00:02:44,373
Right around...
Right here.

27
00:02:44,413 --> 00:02:45,937
And...

28
00:02:48,784 --> 00:02:51,582
We used to come here...

29
00:02:51,621 --> 00:02:54,522
to have our sandwiches
for the afternoon.

30
00:02:56,926 --> 00:03:00,020
ALICE LOK CAHANA: We lived
in a town called Sarvar.

31
00:03:00,062 --> 00:03:05,898
It's in Hungary,
close to the Austrian border.

32
00:03:06,802 --> 00:03:10,329
Every day, the peasants
would bring their wares...

33
00:03:10,373 --> 00:03:14,275
from the neighboring villages
in big baskets...

34
00:03:14,310 --> 00:03:18,838
and they would carry them
on their head or shoulders.

35
00:03:21,517 --> 00:03:24,509
Szaszovo was a very small,
little community...

36
00:03:24,554 --> 00:03:26,920
consisting of 3,000 people.

37
00:03:26,956 --> 00:03:30,585
No electricity
and no utilities at all.

38
00:03:30,626 --> 00:03:33,720
So it was a very simplistic,
boring life.

39
00:03:33,763 --> 00:03:35,355
Nothing exciting.

40
00:03:35,398 --> 00:03:39,994
But then Budapest,
where I ended up...

41
00:03:40,036 --> 00:03:42,334
was an entirely different life.

42
00:03:42,371 --> 00:03:44,805
It was an enormous adjustment.

43
00:03:44,840 --> 00:03:48,799
I looked at this city,
and I said, "Wow."

44
00:03:48,844 --> 00:03:52,678
It was like--I never believed
anything like this exists.

45
00:03:55,384 --> 00:03:57,648
TOM LANTOS:
Budapest was a magnificent...

46
00:03:57,687 --> 00:03:59,678
world-class city...

47
00:03:59,722 --> 00:04:03,317
on par with
Vienna or Paris or London...

48
00:04:03,359 --> 00:04:05,327
as a great European capital.

49
00:04:05,361 --> 00:04:08,262
This magnificent
Parliament building...

50
00:04:08,297 --> 00:04:12,734
saw the best and the worst
in Hungarian history.

51
00:04:12,768 --> 00:04:16,499
The bulk of the Jews
in Budapest...

52
00:04:16,539 --> 00:04:20,270
were utterly assimilated,
deeply patriotic...

53
00:04:20,309 --> 00:04:25,110
and enormously proud of their
Hungarian cultural heritage.

54
00:04:25,147 --> 00:04:29,811
There were about 800
Jewish families in our town...

55
00:04:29,852 --> 00:04:37,088
and I think that the town
was 10 or 11,000 non-Jews.

56
00:04:37,126 --> 00:04:40,618
I had non-Jewish friends.
I dated non-Jewish boys.

57
00:04:40,663 --> 00:04:43,257
My parents
had non-Jewish friends.

58
00:04:43,299 --> 00:04:47,133
We also felt quite Hungarian
at the same time...

59
00:04:47,169 --> 00:04:48,636
not just Jewish.

60
00:04:48,671 --> 00:04:53,472
So Judaism was our religion,
but we were Hungarians.

61
00:04:56,045 --> 00:04:58,240
NEWSREEL NARRATOR:
On August 2, 1934...

62
00:04:58,281 --> 00:05:00,078
officers and men
swear the oath of allegiance...

63
00:05:00,116 --> 00:05:03,244
not to Germany,
but to Hitler personally.

64
00:05:03,286 --> 00:05:07,586
2nd NARRATOR: As Hitler's rule
over Germany became absolute...

65
00:05:07,623 --> 00:05:09,921
to his alarmed neighbor
Austria...

66
00:05:09,959 --> 00:05:12,587
Hitler promised
to keep hands off.

67
00:05:12,628 --> 00:05:15,722
TOM: ln 1938,
when I was ten years old...

68
00:05:15,765 --> 00:05:17,960
I bought my first newspaper.

69
00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:20,764
And I saw the headlines--

70
00:05:20,803 --> 00:05:23,670
"Hitler Marches lnto Austria"--

71
00:05:23,706 --> 00:05:28,837
and I sensed that
this historic moment...

72
00:05:28,878 --> 00:05:30,937
will have a tremendous impact...

73
00:05:30,980 --> 00:05:33,448
on the lives
of Hungarian Jews...

74
00:05:33,482 --> 00:05:35,450
my family, and myself.

75
00:05:38,621 --> 00:05:41,021
NEWSREEL: Germany invades Poland
and the free state of Danzig.

76
00:05:41,057 --> 00:05:43,617
Warsaw is bombed,
blasted, and shelled.

77
00:05:43,659 --> 00:05:45,684
Poland is in ruins.

78
00:05:54,537 --> 00:05:56,869
RENEE: There were refugees
coming to Hungary...

79
00:05:56,906 --> 00:05:59,374
running away from Poland.

80
00:05:59,408 --> 00:06:01,774
And most
of the Jewish families--

81
00:06:01,811 --> 00:06:04,678
Friday night,
the men went to temple...

82
00:06:04,714 --> 00:06:07,478
to bring these people home
and give them shelter.

83
00:06:07,516 --> 00:06:09,746
They would come
and tell stories...

84
00:06:10,753 --> 00:06:13,381
and I remember, very often...

85
00:06:15,558 --> 00:06:17,219
we didn't believe them.

86
00:06:17,259 --> 00:06:21,320
I heard a conversation between
my father and another man...

87
00:06:21,364 --> 00:06:23,696
and he was telling my father...

88
00:06:23,733 --> 00:06:26,031
what the Nazis
are doing in Poland.

89
00:06:26,068 --> 00:06:28,935
And one thing that
l'll never forget that I heard--

90
00:06:28,971 --> 00:06:30,233
And he said...

91
00:06:30,272 --> 00:06:34,140
"The Nazis are taking
our young Jewish infants...

92
00:06:34,176 --> 00:06:38,272
"and they're tearing them
in half by their legs...

93
00:06:38,314 --> 00:06:40,578
"and they're throwing them
in the Dniester."

94
00:06:40,616 --> 00:06:42,846
The Dniester
is a river in the Ukraine.

95
00:06:42,885 --> 00:06:47,345
Then later, of course,
the stories were getting worse.

96
00:06:47,390 --> 00:06:53,420
We began to hear about
mass shootings into mass graves.

97
00:06:53,462 --> 00:06:57,330
But there was
a sort of a naive--

98
00:06:57,366 --> 00:07:00,164
I hate to use the word,
but I have to--

99
00:07:00,202 --> 00:07:05,936
patriotic feeling that we
Hungarians don't do such things.

100
00:07:05,975 --> 00:07:07,442
Hitler was in Germany...

101
00:07:07,476 --> 00:07:11,207
so what happened in Germany
didn't reflect on us.

102
00:07:11,247 --> 00:07:14,375
We were far away from it.

103
00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:39,635
DR. RANDOLPH BRAHAM:
There were two wars.

104
00:07:39,708 --> 00:07:40,812
There was a military war...

105
00:07:40,812 --> 00:07:42,074
There was a military war...

106
00:07:42,114 --> 00:07:44,480
and hand-in-hand
with that war...

107
00:07:44,516 --> 00:07:46,040
there was a second war--

108
00:07:46,084 --> 00:07:49,451
the war of the SS
directed against the Jews.

109
00:08:13,712 --> 00:08:15,509
[Gunshots]

110
00:08:30,462 --> 00:08:34,694
The dark side of the Hungarian
national character...

111
00:08:34,733 --> 00:08:36,792
was becoming
more and more obvious.

112
00:08:36,835 --> 00:08:40,293
The persecution of Jews
became more and more obvious.

113
00:08:40,338 --> 00:08:43,830
Jews were losing their jobs,
their businesses.

114
00:08:43,875 --> 00:08:47,333
There was a Hungarian Nazi
movement, the Arrow Cross...

115
00:08:47,379 --> 00:08:50,143
and this became, of course...

116
00:08:50,182 --> 00:08:56,121
the most hated and feared group
for Hungarian Jews.

117
00:08:59,758 --> 00:09:03,660
RENEE: People wonder how is it
that we didn't do something.

118
00:09:03,695 --> 00:09:06,823
We didn't run away.
We didn't hide.

119
00:09:06,865 --> 00:09:09,390
Well, things
didn't happen at once.

120
00:09:09,434 --> 00:09:12,096
Things happened very slowly.

121
00:09:12,137 --> 00:09:16,574
So each time a new law came out
or a restriction...

122
00:09:16,608 --> 00:09:21,136
we said, "Just another thing.
It'll blow over."

123
00:09:24,916 --> 00:09:29,376
TOM: Hitler moved into Hungary
on March 19, 1944.

124
00:09:30,422 --> 00:09:32,322
I was sixteen years old.

125
00:09:32,357 --> 00:09:35,952
1944. March 19th.

126
00:09:35,994 --> 00:09:40,192
Germans entered.
SS entered our town.

127
00:09:40,232 --> 00:09:43,497
IRENE: Two motorcycles
was the whole Nazi regime...

128
00:09:43,535 --> 00:09:44,729
that occupied our town.

129
00:09:44,769 --> 00:09:46,828
Because
they were already there...

130
00:09:46,872 --> 00:09:49,033
with the people that lived there
the whole time...

131
00:09:49,074 --> 00:09:50,405
and did their dirty work.

132
00:09:50,442 --> 00:09:52,967
Most of them were people...

133
00:09:53,011 --> 00:09:55,172
that we thought were our friends
all these years...

134
00:09:55,213 --> 00:10:00,742
but they turned overnight on us
and went with the other side.

135
00:10:00,785 --> 00:10:03,652
And the next restriction...

136
00:10:03,688 --> 00:10:06,213
was that the Jew cannot walk
out on the street...

137
00:10:06,258 --> 00:10:07,987
without a yellow star.

138
00:10:08,026 --> 00:10:09,618
We heard that in Germany...

139
00:10:09,661 --> 00:10:13,722
they had to wear the yellow star
before they were taken away.

140
00:10:13,765 --> 00:10:15,630
And in Poland, they did that.

141
00:10:15,667 --> 00:10:20,070
So at that point,
we were worried.

142
00:10:20,105 --> 00:10:22,665
TOM:
I did not wear a yellow star...

143
00:10:22,707 --> 00:10:26,507
and I was caught.

144
00:10:26,544 --> 00:10:29,843
I was put into
a forced-labor camp...

145
00:10:29,881 --> 00:10:32,748
in a place north of Budapest...

146
00:10:32,784 --> 00:10:34,979
which had
an important railroad bridge.

147
00:10:36,221 --> 00:10:42,524
And our job
was to repair the railroads...

148
00:10:43,461 --> 00:10:46,589
the lines, the bridges--
nonstop--

149
00:10:46,631 --> 00:10:50,863
while the British and Americans
were bombing day and night.

150
00:10:50,902 --> 00:10:54,030
We were obviously worried
that we would die...

151
00:10:54,072 --> 00:10:57,633
but we were also hoping
that the bombers...

152
00:10:57,676 --> 00:11:01,874
will hit all of their targets
and destroy this bridge...

153
00:11:01,913 --> 00:11:06,247
because that was the way
to defeat Hitler.

154
00:11:06,284 --> 00:11:08,479
I escaped
from that labor camp...

155
00:11:08,520 --> 00:11:13,423
and I joined
the Hungarian underground.

156
00:11:13,458 --> 00:11:19,021
And the next decree would be
we have to pack up 25 kilos.

157
00:11:19,064 --> 00:11:21,089
And at first,
we didn't understand.

158
00:11:21,132 --> 00:11:22,599
What do you take?

159
00:11:22,634 --> 00:11:25,660
Think about your home,
your own home.

160
00:11:25,704 --> 00:11:27,695
What would you take?
Twenty-five kilo.

161
00:11:27,739 --> 00:11:32,972
What is twenty-five kilo?
How much is twenty-five kilo?

162
00:11:33,011 --> 00:11:35,445
Do you take the pillows?
Do you take your covers?

163
00:11:35,480 --> 00:11:37,948
Do you take your dishes?

164
00:11:37,983 --> 00:11:39,746
What do you take?

165
00:11:39,784 --> 00:11:43,220
When we were packing...

166
00:11:43,254 --> 00:11:48,214
I wanted to take something
to remind me of the good times.

167
00:11:48,259 --> 00:11:53,856
I was very depressed
and worried.

168
00:11:53,898 --> 00:11:57,129
And so I came across
a bathing suit...

169
00:11:57,168 --> 00:12:00,433
a bathing suit that...

170
00:12:00,472 --> 00:12:02,770
my father brought me.

171
00:12:06,778 --> 00:12:08,541
I don't want to do this.

172
00:12:19,891 --> 00:12:24,828
On one of his business trips
about three years earlier...

173
00:12:24,863 --> 00:12:26,797
my father came home...

174
00:12:26,831 --> 00:12:30,289
and he always brought us
something...

175
00:12:30,335 --> 00:12:33,133
my sister and myself.

176
00:12:33,171 --> 00:12:34,399
And...

177
00:12:35,774 --> 00:12:38,675
of course we always asked,
"What did you bring?"

178
00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:41,338
And he opened this box...

179
00:12:41,379 --> 00:12:45,179
and out of the box came this
most beautiful bathing suit.

180
00:12:45,216 --> 00:12:48,674
It had a shiny satin finish...

181
00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:53,157
and a print
of multicolored flowers.

182
00:12:53,191 --> 00:12:55,159
And then in the afternoon...

183
00:12:55,193 --> 00:13:01,063
when I heard the soldiers' boots
coming up the stairs...

184
00:13:01,099 --> 00:13:05,058
I ran back and put this
bathing suit under my dress.

185
00:13:06,004 --> 00:13:08,495
And that's how I left.

186
00:13:08,606 --> 00:13:11,507
They broke down the front doors.
They came in.

187
00:13:11,543 --> 00:13:13,067
They gave us a few minutes--

188
00:13:13,111 --> 00:13:16,046
they said a half hour,
but it was not a half hour--

189
00:13:16,081 --> 00:13:19,448
to get all our valuables
together...

190
00:13:19,484 --> 00:13:21,679
and they marched us
out of the house.

191
00:13:26,324 --> 00:13:27,484
ALICE:
I couldn't imagine...

192
00:13:27,525 --> 00:13:30,426
that they'd just take out
people from their homes...

193
00:13:33,198 --> 00:13:34,961
because they are Jewish.

194
00:13:34,999 --> 00:13:38,196
Our friends, so-called,
and neighbors...

195
00:13:38,236 --> 00:13:41,865
they were standing lined up
alongside of the road...

196
00:13:41,906 --> 00:13:44,807
and they were yelling,
"It's about time."

197
00:13:44,843 --> 00:13:46,367
"You go on out of here."

198
00:13:46,411 --> 00:13:48,743
And "We don't need
any Jews in our town."

199
00:13:48,780 --> 00:13:51,214
"We need to get rid
of all you Jews."

200
00:13:51,249 --> 00:13:55,948
And I stood, and I could not
believe my eyes.

201
00:13:55,987 --> 00:13:59,855
The people I went to school
with, their children...

202
00:13:59,891 --> 00:14:02,883
We were friends.
We were sharing things together.

203
00:14:02,927 --> 00:14:04,360
Why are they so hostile?

204
00:14:04,395 --> 00:14:06,386
Why do they hate us
all of a sudden?

205
00:14:06,431 --> 00:14:10,697
It's like when you read that
the Jews went out of Egypt.

206
00:14:10,735 --> 00:14:12,566
We are carrying all our baggage.

207
00:14:12,604 --> 00:14:16,335
The pillows and the covers
are tied in a bundle...

208
00:14:16,374 --> 00:14:19,400
and we children helped
to carry it.

209
00:14:19,444 --> 00:14:20,843
And I'm so ashamed.

210
00:14:20,879 --> 00:14:24,747
RENEE: We wanted to believe
they're taking us to Germany...

211
00:14:24,782 --> 00:14:26,340
and that we're going to work.

212
00:14:26,384 --> 00:14:28,113
We really wanted to believe.

213
00:14:28,153 --> 00:14:29,415
And by then...

214
00:14:29,454 --> 00:14:35,415
the whole European Jewry
was already in camps...

215
00:14:35,460 --> 00:14:36,784
which we didn't know.

216
00:14:36,918 --> 00:14:38,818
The concentration,
ghettoization...

217
00:14:38,853 --> 00:14:43,517
and deportation took place
in a concentrated manner--

218
00:14:43,558 --> 00:14:46,550
that is, within twelve weeks.

219
00:14:46,594 --> 00:14:49,961
And nowhere else...

220
00:14:49,997 --> 00:14:53,398
was the deportation program
carried out...

221
00:14:54,368 --> 00:15:00,568
with the barbarity and speed
that it was in Hungary.

222
00:15:00,608 --> 00:15:03,338
They said that
they will take us to a ghetto.

223
00:15:03,377 --> 00:15:05,675
I mean, we never hear that word.

224
00:15:05,713 --> 00:15:08,807
It is not a Hungarian word.
"Ghetto."

225
00:15:08,850 --> 00:15:11,216
RENEE:
We had no idea where we were.

226
00:15:11,252 --> 00:15:13,652
ln the morning,
when we woke up...

227
00:15:13,688 --> 00:15:17,215
I realized
that we are in a brickyard...

228
00:15:17,258 --> 00:15:19,089
a brick-factory yard.

229
00:15:20,895 --> 00:15:24,387
And in April, it was rainy.
It was a lot of rain.

230
00:15:24,432 --> 00:15:26,559
And we were always--

231
00:15:26,601 --> 00:15:29,695
We had to change the sheets,
because the roof was sheets...

232
00:15:29,737 --> 00:15:31,534
and we were always wet.

233
00:15:31,572 --> 00:15:33,506
There were thousands
of people there...

234
00:15:33,541 --> 00:15:37,170
because they came
from the whole county.

235
00:15:37,211 --> 00:15:40,078
And there were guards
everywhere with dogs...

236
00:15:40,114 --> 00:15:42,014
walking around all the time.

237
00:15:42,049 --> 00:15:46,918
Big German shepherd dogs
on very, very tight leashes.

238
00:15:46,954 --> 00:15:50,788
This was all just these huts
with people all over.

239
00:15:50,825 --> 00:15:53,123
ROBlN: Do you know
where your hut was?

240
00:15:53,161 --> 00:15:56,892
IRENE: Yes. My hut was right
where these piles of bricks are.

241
00:15:56,931 --> 00:15:58,057
[Irene crying]

242
00:15:58,099 --> 00:15:59,691
And then one day,
they announced...

243
00:15:59,734 --> 00:16:02,862
that everybody
that wants to go to work--

244
00:16:02,904 --> 00:16:05,873
to Tokaj and the vineyard
to make wine--

245
00:16:05,907 --> 00:16:07,397
should come on the train.

246
00:16:07,441 --> 00:16:12,037
And everybody, voluntary,
gladly went on the train...

247
00:16:12,079 --> 00:16:14,309
because this was hell.

248
00:16:14,348 --> 00:16:18,307
And going to work in a vineyard
was like going to heaven.

249
00:16:18,352 --> 00:16:20,718
We were taken
to the railroad station...

250
00:16:20,755 --> 00:16:23,087
by the Hungarian soldiers.

251
00:16:23,124 --> 00:16:25,024
IRENE:
My mother said to me...

252
00:16:25,059 --> 00:16:28,085
"I rolled up diamonds
in your skirt--

253
00:16:28,129 --> 00:16:30,324
"in the hem of your skirt--

254
00:16:30,364 --> 00:16:33,231
"and if you don't have enough
to eat...

255
00:16:33,267 --> 00:16:35,394
"those are to buy bread."

256
00:16:35,436 --> 00:16:37,563
When we arrived
at the railroad station...

257
00:16:37,605 --> 00:16:42,338
we realized that we're not going
on passenger trains.

258
00:16:42,376 --> 00:16:45,004
The cattle cars
were waiting for us.

259
00:16:45,046 --> 00:16:47,571
IRENE: My father said they
ran out of the other trains--

260
00:16:47,615 --> 00:16:51,142
because there's wartime
they don't have other trains...

261
00:16:51,185 --> 00:16:52,618
so they have to use
what they have.

262
00:16:52,653 --> 00:16:56,384
ALICE: Anybody who didn't go
and didn't go fast was beaten.

263
00:16:56,424 --> 00:16:58,892
IRENE:
When they closed the doors--

264
00:16:58,926 --> 00:17:00,518
when I heard
that knock on the outside...

265
00:17:00,561 --> 00:17:03,428
like a bolt
closing us in there--

266
00:17:03,464 --> 00:17:05,261
it wasn't normal anymore.

267
00:17:05,299 --> 00:17:08,860
I didn't accept they were
running out of the other trains.

268
00:17:12,773 --> 00:17:16,709
BILL: ln Budapest, as times
started getting worse...

269
00:17:16,744 --> 00:17:20,942
I really had to acquire
gentile papers.

270
00:17:20,982 --> 00:17:23,746
I did not exist as a Jew.

271
00:17:23,784 --> 00:17:26,252
I would have been shot.
I would have been killed.

272
00:17:26,287 --> 00:17:32,954
You were a hunted animal
twenty-four hours every day...

273
00:17:33,694 --> 00:17:36,458
and you didn't know
if anybody you encountered...

274
00:17:36,497 --> 00:17:38,431
was really on your side.

275
00:17:38,466 --> 00:17:40,934
Had it not been
for Wallenberg...

276
00:17:40,968 --> 00:17:43,960
neither I nor
the other tens of thousands...

277
00:17:44,005 --> 00:17:46,405
would have ever survived.

278
00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:50,740
Raoul Wallenberg arrived
when all of Hungary...

279
00:17:50,778 --> 00:17:55,044
with the exception of Budapest,
was already free of Jews.

280
00:17:55,082 --> 00:17:59,041
He went to Budapest at a time
when, in the countryside...

281
00:17:59,086 --> 00:18:02,385
the Jews had already been
put into cattle cars...

282
00:18:02,423 --> 00:18:04,288
and shipped away from Hungary.

283
00:18:04,325 --> 00:18:07,886
And he decided to join
the Swedish embassy there...

284
00:18:07,929 --> 00:18:11,387
for the sole purpose
of trying to save Jewish lives.

285
00:18:12,533 --> 00:18:16,025
By issuing so-called
Swedish protective passports...

286
00:18:16,070 --> 00:18:19,198
he declared that the individual
who had this document...

287
00:18:19,240 --> 00:18:22,107
at the end of the war,
planned to go to Sweden.

288
00:18:22,143 --> 00:18:23,735
This was pure fiction.

289
00:18:23,778 --> 00:18:27,305
But in the chaos
and the confusion of the war...

290
00:18:27,348 --> 00:18:31,717
this miraculous,
worthless piece of paper worked.

291
00:18:31,752 --> 00:18:36,018
BILL: Several of us acted
as distributors or runners...

292
00:18:36,057 --> 00:18:39,151
to deliver this fake passport...

293
00:18:39,193 --> 00:18:42,458
to the people that were waiting
in those protected houses.

294
00:18:42,496 --> 00:18:46,592
TOM: Wallenberg leased
large apartment houses...

295
00:18:46,634 --> 00:18:52,072
put up a Swedish sign indicating
that all the residents...

296
00:18:52,106 --> 00:18:55,166
were under the protection
of the Royal Swedish government.

297
00:18:55,209 --> 00:18:59,976
I stayed at St. Steven Park,
number twenty-five.

298
00:19:00,014 --> 00:19:02,949
[Speaking Hungarian]

299
00:19:02,984 --> 00:19:04,451
Most of these houses...

300
00:19:04,485 --> 00:19:07,750
were upper middle-class
apartment houses.

301
00:19:07,788 --> 00:19:12,782
And a 3-bedroom apartment that
may have had 4, 5, 6 people...

302
00:19:12,827 --> 00:19:15,557
living there
before this crisis...

303
00:19:15,596 --> 00:19:19,896
suddenly became a hovel
with sixty, seventy people...

304
00:19:19,934 --> 00:19:23,495
jammed into
a three-bedroom apartment.

305
00:19:23,537 --> 00:19:25,402
GIRL:
Very uncomfortable.

306
00:19:25,439 --> 00:19:27,270
TOM: Well, it was
very uncomfortable, honey...

307
00:19:27,308 --> 00:19:30,937
but, more importantly,
it was unbelievably dangerous.

308
00:19:30,978 --> 00:19:34,004
The word "protected house"
obviously is a misnomer...

309
00:19:34,949 --> 00:19:40,046
because many people living
in these "protected houses"...

310
00:19:40,087 --> 00:19:41,384
were rounded up...

311
00:19:41,422 --> 00:19:44,550
taken to the bank of the Danube
and killed.

312
00:19:47,828 --> 00:19:51,161
Now, to get into
the protected houses...

313
00:19:52,099 --> 00:19:54,363
was not difficult.

314
00:19:54,402 --> 00:19:56,097
The soldiers didn't care.

315
00:19:56,137 --> 00:19:58,537
They were out in the front.
"Go in there."

316
00:19:58,572 --> 00:20:01,268
However, to come out...

317
00:20:01,308 --> 00:20:03,208
that was the very, very
difficult thing.

318
00:20:03,244 --> 00:20:05,872
lf German soldiers...

319
00:20:05,913 --> 00:20:10,350
or Hungarian Nazi soldiers
were suspicious...

320
00:20:10,384 --> 00:20:13,148
they ordered us
to take down our pants...

321
00:20:13,187 --> 00:20:17,590
because we were the only people
who were circumcised.

322
00:20:17,625 --> 00:20:20,560
One day, I had on my body,
strapped around...

323
00:20:20,594 --> 00:20:23,825
the fake passports I was
delivering to these people...

324
00:20:23,864 --> 00:20:25,627
so they could get out
of the building...

325
00:20:25,666 --> 00:20:27,725
and I miscalculated.

326
00:20:27,768 --> 00:20:32,398
I went through the sewer line,
and I knew when to get out...

327
00:20:32,440 --> 00:20:34,408
and I made a mistake.

328
00:20:34,442 --> 00:20:38,310
lnstead of coming out
in the middle of the building...

329
00:20:38,345 --> 00:20:40,313
I came out
in front of the building...

330
00:20:40,347 --> 00:20:43,783
where two soldiers
were guarding the building.

331
00:20:43,818 --> 00:20:46,685
I started running
as fast as I could...

332
00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:48,017
crossing the street
back and forth.

333
00:20:48,055 --> 00:20:50,990
And they were deporting
a group of Jews.

334
00:20:51,025 --> 00:20:53,016
Not knowing where
they are taking them...

335
00:20:53,060 --> 00:20:55,585
I jumped
into that group of Jews...

336
00:20:55,629 --> 00:20:59,224
thinking, just as I got in
so many times into trouble...

337
00:20:59,266 --> 00:21:02,531
l'll get out one more time.
This is just one more escape.

338
00:21:02,570 --> 00:21:05,835
We wound up five days later
in Buchenwald.

339
00:21:10,277 --> 00:21:12,711
IRENE: We were on the train
for about five days.

340
00:21:12,746 --> 00:21:16,341
ALICE: Sitting on a heap of
luggage that we carried there.

341
00:21:16,383 --> 00:21:20,410
The cattle car I was in,
there was about 120 of us.

342
00:21:20,454 --> 00:21:24,049
Mashed together like sardines,
and it's very, very hot.

343
00:21:24,091 --> 00:21:27,857
They had one pail
for going to the bathroom.

344
00:21:27,895 --> 00:21:30,159
And suddenly
the bucket filled up...

345
00:21:30,197 --> 00:21:32,529
and then the odor
was unbearable.

346
00:21:32,566 --> 00:21:35,865
They never opened the doors
to go to the bathroom.

347
00:21:35,903 --> 00:21:38,963
They never gave us
any water or any food.

348
00:21:39,006 --> 00:21:41,701
The children were screaming.
They wanted to go home.

349
00:21:41,835 --> 00:21:44,702
Where are they taking us?

350
00:21:44,738 --> 00:21:46,205
Nobody answers.

351
00:21:46,239 --> 00:21:48,799
It was total darkness.

352
00:21:48,842 --> 00:21:53,108
The light seeped only through
the cracks of the cattle car.

353
00:21:53,146 --> 00:21:56,741
IRENE: My father found
a crack in the cattle train...

354
00:21:56,783 --> 00:21:58,876
and he looked out,
and he just spoke out loud...

355
00:21:58,918 --> 00:22:02,115
"I don't think
we're going to the vineyard...

356
00:22:02,155 --> 00:22:03,952
"because we just
crossed the border...

357
00:22:03,990 --> 00:22:06,117
"and we're heading
towards Poland."

358
00:22:06,159 --> 00:22:07,888
And when he said Poland...

359
00:22:07,927 --> 00:22:11,488
I remembered the man's story
about the children...

360
00:22:11,531 --> 00:22:13,692
what they're doing
to the children in Poland.

361
00:22:14,501 --> 00:22:18,335
I was holding my little brother,
two and half years old...

362
00:22:18,371 --> 00:22:20,669
and I was holding him
so tight...

363
00:22:20,707 --> 00:22:24,837
and I said to myself,
"I will never let him go.

364
00:22:24,878 --> 00:22:26,937
"They will never
take him from me."

365
00:22:26,980 --> 00:22:29,471
When they opened the doors
suddenly...

366
00:22:30,750 --> 00:22:33,446
and suddenly the light hit you--

367
00:22:34,721 --> 00:22:38,418
and because you had your eyes
for four or five days shut...

368
00:22:38,458 --> 00:22:42,258
or used to this darkness,
you're almost blinded.

369
00:22:42,295 --> 00:22:45,162
We were so happy because
we were going to get air.

370
00:22:45,198 --> 00:22:47,792
We were going to get off
and maybe go to the bathroom...

371
00:22:47,834 --> 00:22:49,301
like normal people...

372
00:22:49,335 --> 00:22:51,132
and have water
and maybe some food.

373
00:22:51,171 --> 00:22:53,901
And everybody would ask,
"Where are we?"

374
00:22:53,940 --> 00:22:55,874
"What is the name?"

375
00:22:55,909 --> 00:22:58,639
And it was a very strange name--

376
00:22:58,678 --> 00:22:59,838
Auschwitz.

377
00:23:10,356 --> 00:23:12,722
Here we had to be stopped.
Here was stopped.

378
00:23:12,759 --> 00:23:15,592
Here was a lot of selection
happened.

379
00:23:15,628 --> 00:23:17,391
MICHAEL: So you're all
standing in a line...

380
00:23:17,430 --> 00:23:20,490
ALICE: Thousands of people,
and close to each other.

381
00:23:20,533 --> 00:23:22,728
And confusion and noise.

382
00:23:22,769 --> 00:23:25,829
And "Don't move and don't..."

383
00:23:25,872 --> 00:23:29,899
Like soldiers,
standing straight, you see.

384
00:23:29,943 --> 00:23:33,242
And in the middle
would the SS go here...

385
00:23:33,279 --> 00:23:35,247
to check all of us...

386
00:23:35,281 --> 00:23:37,749
walking their dogs
and just threatening.

387
00:23:37,784 --> 00:23:39,081
MICHAEL: ln single file?

388
00:23:39,119 --> 00:23:41,087
Or were there people
standing next to you?

389
00:23:41,121 --> 00:23:42,748
-Five.
-Five in a row.

390
00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:45,417
ALICE: So it was easy to count.
Right.

391
00:23:45,458 --> 00:23:47,926
RENEE: When I jumped off
the cattle car...

392
00:23:47,961 --> 00:23:51,419
I knew right away that
whatever they promised us...

393
00:23:51,464 --> 00:23:53,864
whatever they told us,
were lies.

394
00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:56,425
And you see
a lot of people running...

395
00:23:56,469 --> 00:23:59,996
in striped clothes
and shaved heads.

396
00:24:00,039 --> 00:24:04,100
Surrounded by Nazi soldiers
and vicious dogs.

397
00:24:04,144 --> 00:24:07,136
They were yelling,
and they were screaming.

398
00:24:07,180 --> 00:24:09,080
"Just hurry up.
Leave all your luggage there.

399
00:24:09,115 --> 00:24:10,412
"Just leave everything."

400
00:24:10,450 --> 00:24:14,216
All of a sudden,
there was a separation.

401
00:24:14,254 --> 00:24:16,313
And my mother and my--

402
00:24:21,261 --> 00:24:23,320
My mother and--

403
00:24:25,098 --> 00:24:27,566
And my brother and my sister--

404
00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:31,058
She held my little brother
in her arms--in one arm...

405
00:24:31,104 --> 00:24:34,073
and my 4 1/2-year-old sister
in her hand--

406
00:24:34,107 --> 00:24:35,768
and I was holding
on to her hand...

407
00:24:35,809 --> 00:24:38,073
and this is how
we were walking towards--

408
00:24:38,111 --> 00:24:41,205
They were pushing us
towards that destination.

409
00:24:45,185 --> 00:24:47,176
[Speaking German]

410
00:25:19,986 --> 00:25:23,444
RENEE: My mother was selected
at the railroad station.

411
00:25:23,489 --> 00:25:24,786
"Go to the left"--

412
00:25:24,824 --> 00:25:27,224
while my sister and I
went to the right.

413
00:25:27,260 --> 00:25:30,627
My mother was taken straight
from the railroad station...

414
00:25:30,663 --> 00:25:32,290
to the gas chambers.

415
00:25:32,332 --> 00:25:36,325
By the time my sister and I
were processed into the camp...

416
00:25:36,369 --> 00:25:38,564
my mother was no longer alive.

417
00:26:08,001 --> 00:26:11,334
RENEE: We were taken
to a dressing room.

418
00:26:11,371 --> 00:26:13,771
And we were told we were going
to be taking a shower...

419
00:26:13,806 --> 00:26:19,210
after this horrendous journey.

420
00:26:19,245 --> 00:26:21,713
And we are going
to refresh ourselves...

421
00:26:21,748 --> 00:26:24,376
and then we'll be assigned
to our work.

422
00:26:24,417 --> 00:26:28,911
IRENE: They ordered us to take
our shoes in one hand...

423
00:26:28,955 --> 00:26:30,513
and our clothes
in the other hand.

424
00:26:30,556 --> 00:26:34,048
Then I remembered the diamonds
and grabbed my blue skirt...

425
00:26:34,093 --> 00:26:36,527
and in the crowd, you know...

426
00:26:36,562 --> 00:26:40,157
I just took out the diamonds
and held them in my hands.

427
00:26:40,199 --> 00:26:41,996
And I had no clothes on my body.

428
00:26:42,035 --> 00:26:46,495
And I remember I got undressed
with the rest of them...

429
00:26:46,539 --> 00:26:50,236
and there I was,
standing in the bathing suit.

430
00:26:56,950 --> 00:26:58,918
I had a premonition.

431
00:27:00,553 --> 00:27:05,081
I had this feeling that if
I take this bathing suit off...

432
00:27:05,124 --> 00:27:08,355
if I leave
this bathing suit behind...

433
00:27:08,394 --> 00:27:10,328
all the wonderful memories...

434
00:27:10,363 --> 00:27:13,196
that were built
in this bathing suit...

435
00:27:13,232 --> 00:27:17,134
I kept remembering how I wore
there on the swimming pool...

436
00:27:17,170 --> 00:27:19,695
and how the boys
were whistling at me...

437
00:27:19,739 --> 00:27:22,503
and my friends were so jealous.

438
00:27:22,542 --> 00:27:26,876
And now I'm gonna take it off,
and I'm gonna leave it here.

439
00:27:26,913 --> 00:27:30,371
Everything that meant anything
in life to me...

440
00:27:30,416 --> 00:27:32,316
I'm going to leave behind.

441
00:27:36,255 --> 00:27:37,745
They kept on saying...

442
00:27:37,790 --> 00:27:40,884
if anybody has any valuables
left, to leave them.

443
00:27:40,927 --> 00:27:43,054
They had a section for that.

444
00:27:43,096 --> 00:27:45,564
And I held on to the diamonds
for dear life...

445
00:27:45,598 --> 00:27:47,759
because that was to buy bread.

446
00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:50,098
So I put them in my mouth.

447
00:27:50,136 --> 00:27:52,331
And then,
when I walked up again...

448
00:27:52,372 --> 00:27:54,602
I saw they were opening up
people's mouth...

449
00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:56,335
and they were looking
in the mouth and--

450
00:27:56,376 --> 00:28:00,506
But I was
at the road of no return.

451
00:28:00,546 --> 00:28:03,174
I couldn't give them up anymore
because I would be shot.

452
00:28:03,216 --> 00:28:05,184
"Why didn't I leave them
back there?"

453
00:28:05,218 --> 00:28:08,517
I had them in my mouth,
and I didn't know what to do...

454
00:28:08,554 --> 00:28:10,044
so I swallowed them.

455
00:28:10,089 --> 00:28:12,421
We walked into
the shower room...

456
00:28:12,458 --> 00:28:15,427
and the dressing room
was locked behind us.

457
00:28:15,461 --> 00:28:17,554
And a commando came in...

458
00:28:17,597 --> 00:28:20,157
and removed
all our belongings right away.

459
00:28:20,199 --> 00:28:24,192
They did give us a shower--
a little trinkly shower.

460
00:28:24,237 --> 00:28:26,705
Again, there was another door...

461
00:28:26,739 --> 00:28:29,207
on the other side
leading out to the courtyard...

462
00:28:29,242 --> 00:28:31,210
on the other side
of this building.

463
00:28:31,244 --> 00:28:33,940
And at the door
they had a pile of clothes...

464
00:28:33,980 --> 00:28:37,711
and they ordered everybody
to pick one piece of clothing.

465
00:28:37,750 --> 00:28:41,049
We waited till about midnight,
and then they permitted us...

466
00:28:41,087 --> 00:28:43,541
to walk into
one of these wooden barracks.

467
00:28:43,675 --> 00:28:46,508
ALICE: A thousand people
in a barrack.

468
00:28:46,544 --> 00:28:51,140
lf one person turned,
everybody had to turn...

469
00:28:51,182 --> 00:28:54,379
because we were so close
to each other.

470
00:28:54,419 --> 00:28:57,149
I used to wake up so cold.

471
00:28:57,188 --> 00:29:02,125
And I used to have
returning dreams...

472
00:29:02,160 --> 00:29:05,527
that I'm at home,
that I'm very cold...

473
00:29:05,563 --> 00:29:08,760
but my father
would come and cover us.

474
00:29:08,800 --> 00:29:12,258
And then you wake up
to a whistle.

475
00:29:12,303 --> 00:29:16,831
It's dark outside,
and this is a madman's hell.

476
00:29:22,714 --> 00:29:25,444
RENEE: We saw this group
of about twenty men...

477
00:29:25,483 --> 00:29:27,348
coming through the camp.

478
00:29:27,385 --> 00:29:30,445
And as they were marching by,
I was watching.

479
00:29:30,488 --> 00:29:32,547
"Maybe I know somebody."

480
00:29:32,590 --> 00:29:35,718
And suddenly
I recognized my father.

481
00:29:39,497 --> 00:29:42,489
And my first thought
was to hide.

482
00:29:44,002 --> 00:29:48,268
It was terribly painful seeing
him with his shaved head...

483
00:29:48,306 --> 00:29:50,467
in this uniform like a prisoner.

484
00:29:50,508 --> 00:29:53,807
This man
who was helping everybody...

485
00:29:53,845 --> 00:29:56,313
who was the kindest human being.

486
00:29:56,347 --> 00:29:59,316
I just couldn't imagine
how would he feel...

487
00:29:59,350 --> 00:30:03,514
if he saw us with
the shaved heads in this rag.

488
00:30:04,455 --> 00:30:08,653
So I really just wanted to hide
so he can't see me.

489
00:30:08,693 --> 00:30:11,355
And at that moment,
our eyes locked.

490
00:30:17,368 --> 00:30:21,099
And I could see his tears
rolling down his cheek.

491
00:30:27,545 --> 00:30:30,776
That was the last time
I saw my father.

492
00:30:38,656 --> 00:30:41,022
IRENE:
I saw trucks coming...

493
00:30:41,059 --> 00:30:44,028
and screams on the trucks.

494
00:30:44,062 --> 00:30:47,964
And I saw two children
fall out of the truck.

495
00:30:53,972 --> 00:30:55,439
And the truck stopped...

496
00:30:57,909 --> 00:31:00,639
And the truck s--

497
00:31:00,678 --> 00:31:03,806
And one SS man
came out from the front...

498
00:31:03,848 --> 00:31:06,976
and he picked up
the children like that...

499
00:31:07,018 --> 00:31:10,112
and he banged him
against the truck...

500
00:31:10,154 --> 00:31:11,985
and the blood
came running down...

501
00:31:12,023 --> 00:31:14,150
and threw him into the truck.

502
00:31:14,192 --> 00:31:17,855
So that's when
I stopped talking to God.

503
00:31:25,536 --> 00:31:28,505
They told us that
we're going to get a number.

504
00:31:29,741 --> 00:31:31,208
A prisoner's number.

505
00:31:31,242 --> 00:31:35,338
Well, of course, we expected
to get a prisoner's number...

506
00:31:35,380 --> 00:31:37,348
on our clothing or somewhere.

507
00:31:37,382 --> 00:31:40,146
And they set up these tables...

508
00:31:40,184 --> 00:31:43,312
and at each table
sat a few girls...

509
00:31:43,354 --> 00:31:47,518
with these huge books
opened in front of them.

510
00:31:47,558 --> 00:31:53,019
And we presumed that they are
going to put our name in it...

511
00:31:53,064 --> 00:31:56,465
and the number
that they are going to give us.

512
00:31:57,468 --> 00:32:01,962
And then we realized that
they are putting this number...

513
00:32:02,006 --> 00:32:06,102
on our flesh, on our arms.

514
00:32:15,353 --> 00:32:18,151
They took five of us
and put drops in our eyes.

515
00:32:18,189 --> 00:32:20,487
We didn't know why.
They didn't tell us.

516
00:32:20,525 --> 00:32:23,221
And they put us in the dungeon.

517
00:32:23,261 --> 00:32:24,660
They closed us in there...

518
00:32:24,696 --> 00:32:29,497
and we were standing in water up
to our ankles, tightly packed.

519
00:32:29,534 --> 00:32:32,002
And it seemed like forever.

520
00:32:32,036 --> 00:32:34,334
It seemed like
it was an eternity.

521
00:32:34,372 --> 00:32:36,340
They never opened the door.

522
00:32:36,374 --> 00:32:39,343
They never gave us
anything to eat or drink.

523
00:32:39,377 --> 00:32:41,845
So we drank the water
we stood in.

524
00:32:41,879 --> 00:32:44,848
We went to the bathroom
in the water we stood in.

525
00:32:44,882 --> 00:32:48,340
And then they opened the door
and took us out.

526
00:32:48,386 --> 00:32:53,722
And they brought us up
into the courtyard...

527
00:32:53,758 --> 00:32:56,420
and they examined our eyes.

528
00:32:56,461 --> 00:33:00,955
Some of the people couldn't see
for several days after that.

529
00:33:00,998 --> 00:33:03,466
And they took us
back to the barrack.

530
00:33:03,501 --> 00:33:06,299
We found out later
that what they were doing...

531
00:33:06,337 --> 00:33:09,204
is they were trying to change
the color of our eyes.

532
00:33:09,240 --> 00:33:11,231
[Speaking German]

533
00:34:38,696 --> 00:34:40,960
RANDOLPH: Having survived
the first 4 1/2 years...

534
00:34:40,998 --> 00:34:42,124
of the war...

535
00:34:42,166 --> 00:34:44,566
the Hungarian Jews
were killed...

536
00:34:44,602 --> 00:34:48,163
in the last chapter of Hitler's
war against the Jews...

537
00:34:48,206 --> 00:34:52,267
when the leaders of the world
were already fully aware...

538
00:34:52,310 --> 00:34:54,301
of all the details of Auschwitz.

539
00:34:54,345 --> 00:34:56,313
When we came to Auschwitz...

540
00:34:56,347 --> 00:34:59,510
it was during
the Final Solution...

541
00:34:59,550 --> 00:35:02,280
when he just
was desperate already.

542
00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:05,653
He was losing the war.
Hitler was losing the war.

543
00:35:05,690 --> 00:35:08,557
But he was not going to lose
the war against the Jews.

544
00:35:08,593 --> 00:35:12,290
The sadism, the cruelty...

545
00:35:12,330 --> 00:35:14,594
the irrationality...

546
00:35:14,632 --> 00:35:17,465
of the German
and Hungarian Nazis...

547
00:35:17,501 --> 00:35:20,299
of killing the remaining
Jewish population...

548
00:35:20,338 --> 00:35:23,136
when the war was all over...

549
00:35:23,174 --> 00:35:26,632
when they could have gained
brownie points...

550
00:35:26,677 --> 00:35:30,636
by being more civilized with--
vis-a-vis these people...

551
00:35:30,681 --> 00:35:34,742
was really not present because
their hatred was so blind.

552
00:35:34,785 --> 00:35:38,084
RANDOLPH:
The Nazis diverted trains...

553
00:35:38,122 --> 00:35:41,853
and other transportation means
useful to the Germans...

554
00:35:41,893 --> 00:35:44,828
for purposes of deporting Jews.

555
00:35:44,862 --> 00:35:47,194
That is, to complete
the Final Solution program.

556
00:35:47,231 --> 00:35:50,758
While I was in Auschwitz,
the transports were coming in.

557
00:35:50,801 --> 00:35:55,101
Two, three transports a day
with thousands of people.

558
00:35:56,140 --> 00:35:58,608
RANDOLPH:
Within less than six weeks...

559
00:35:58,643 --> 00:36:05,105
more than 438,000 Hungarian Jews
were deported to Auschwitz.

560
00:36:05,149 --> 00:36:08,516
The gas chambers,
the crematoria could not cope.

561
00:36:09,353 --> 00:36:15,121
The SS had to dig special pits
to burn the bodies...

562
00:36:15,159 --> 00:36:20,358
using the Jews' own fat as fuel.

563
00:36:20,398 --> 00:36:26,030
I saw how they were throwing
people into these fire pits.

564
00:36:26,837 --> 00:36:27,963
I said to myself...

565
00:36:28,005 --> 00:36:31,668
"Something is wrong with me.
My mind is going.

566
00:36:31,709 --> 00:36:33,734
"I couldn't be seeing this."

567
00:37:12,306 --> 00:37:16,640
ALICE: What vast landscape
you are seeing here.

568
00:37:16,677 --> 00:37:20,579
How could people,
normal people...

569
00:37:20,614 --> 00:37:25,642
go back after working here
or plan this?

570
00:37:25,686 --> 00:37:28,154
OK, somebody had to plan it.

571
00:37:28,189 --> 00:37:30,987
Somebody had to be an engineer.

572
00:37:31,025 --> 00:37:38,295
Somebody had to really put on
a map this kind of efficiency.

573
00:37:40,735 --> 00:37:43,203
The whole time
I was in the camp...

574
00:37:43,237 --> 00:37:46,206
through the experiments,
every time I was selected...

575
00:37:46,240 --> 00:37:48,333
I swallowed the diamonds.

576
00:37:48,375 --> 00:37:51,970
So every time I swallowed them,
I had to find them again.

577
00:37:52,012 --> 00:37:55,345
We were allowed to go
to the latrine once a day.

578
00:37:55,382 --> 00:38:00,149
I never sat on the hole because
I had to find my diamonds.

579
00:38:00,187 --> 00:38:03,350
One day, the SS woman
walked by the door...

580
00:38:03,390 --> 00:38:04,982
and she saw me in the corner.

581
00:38:05,025 --> 00:38:06,890
And I already had
the diamonds in the hand...

582
00:38:06,927 --> 00:38:09,953
and usually I was waiting
until on the way back...

583
00:38:09,997 --> 00:38:12,465
I would rinse them off
in the mud...

584
00:38:12,500 --> 00:38:14,627
or if there was no mud...

585
00:38:14,668 --> 00:38:16,636
in the soup
that we were gonna get next.

586
00:38:16,670 --> 00:38:19,070
But I had no time,
and I had to swallow them.

587
00:38:21,542 --> 00:38:24,739
ALICE: My God.
This is the latrine.

588
00:38:26,747 --> 00:38:28,180
Oh, my God.

589
00:38:30,184 --> 00:38:35,212
At this place, I was with
my sister, Edith, next to me.

590
00:38:35,256 --> 00:38:38,350
And so Edith whispers to me
and says...

591
00:38:39,560 --> 00:38:41,357
"It's almost Shabbat.
This is Friday.

592
00:38:41,395 --> 00:38:43,329
"It's almost Shabbat."

593
00:38:43,364 --> 00:38:46,162
How we used to celebrate Shabbat
in our house...

594
00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:48,668
with food and with singing...

595
00:38:48,702 --> 00:38:52,900
and with praying
and lighting the candle.

596
00:38:52,940 --> 00:38:57,707
I told her, "Why don't we
celebrate inside the latrine?"

597
00:38:58,612 --> 00:39:00,273
We ran back to the end...

598
00:39:00,314 --> 00:39:03,112
and we started to make
our Shabbat ceremony...

599
00:39:03,150 --> 00:39:04,947
and we started to sing...

600
00:39:04,985 --> 00:39:06,976
[Speaking Hebrew]

601
00:39:09,223 --> 00:39:11,453
And as we sang the melody...

602
00:39:11,492 --> 00:39:13,790
other children
came around us...

603
00:39:13,828 --> 00:39:15,625
and they started to sing
with us.

604
00:39:15,663 --> 00:39:18,860
Somebody was from Poland,
somebody was German...

605
00:39:18,899 --> 00:39:21,459
somebody was from Hungary,
Czechoslovakia...

606
00:39:21,502 --> 00:39:22,628
all thrown together...

607
00:39:22,670 --> 00:39:27,630
and suddenly the Hebrew songs,
prayers, the Shabbat...

608
00:39:27,675 --> 00:39:30,667
united us in the latrine
of Auschwitz.

609
00:39:35,182 --> 00:39:37,650
IRENE: People couldn't endure
all this pain...

610
00:39:37,685 --> 00:39:40,483
the conditions
and the hunger and the lice.

611
00:39:40,521 --> 00:39:44,150
The lice were
as big as my pinkie nail...

612
00:39:44,191 --> 00:39:46,591
embedded into our bodies.

613
00:39:46,627 --> 00:39:50,028
We were sore from
scratching and infections.

614
00:39:50,064 --> 00:39:52,532
And so when
the electricity went on...

615
00:39:52,566 --> 00:39:56,024
they ran to the barbed wire
to commit suicide.

616
00:39:56,070 --> 00:39:57,537
Then they punished us.

617
00:39:57,571 --> 00:39:59,539
For every man
that ran through the wire...

618
00:39:59,573 --> 00:40:03,134
they took a hundred inmates
and killed them...

619
00:40:03,177 --> 00:40:06,203
in front of everybody
as an example.

620
00:40:06,247 --> 00:40:09,216
They didn't even let us die
when we wanted.

621
00:40:09,250 --> 00:40:11,218
And then I thought of something.

622
00:40:11,252 --> 00:40:13,516
They took away my parents.

623
00:40:13,554 --> 00:40:15,488
They took away my identity.

624
00:40:15,522 --> 00:40:17,615
They took away my siblings.

625
00:40:17,658 --> 00:40:20,752
They took away my possessions.

626
00:40:20,794 --> 00:40:23,422
There is something
that they want from me.

627
00:40:23,464 --> 00:40:25,955
And then I thought of my soul.

628
00:40:27,167 --> 00:40:29,431
And I says, they're not
going to take my soul.

629
00:40:31,071 --> 00:40:33,437
And I decided
right then and there...

630
00:40:33,474 --> 00:40:36,841
I'm going to get up from this
mud and I'm going to fight...

631
00:40:36,877 --> 00:40:39,345
because I'm not going
to become ashes.

632
00:40:40,915 --> 00:40:43,383
RENEE:
When we arrived to Auschwitz...

633
00:40:43,417 --> 00:40:48,320
thousands and thousands of
people were cremated every day.

634
00:40:48,355 --> 00:40:53,725
The Nazis used Jewish inmates,
a special Sonderkommando...

635
00:40:53,761 --> 00:40:57,026
to remove the bodies
from the gas chambers...

636
00:40:57,064 --> 00:41:00,465
and taking the bodies
into the crematorium.

637
00:41:00,501 --> 00:41:03,959
As far as I know,
there is only four of us...

638
00:41:04,004 --> 00:41:08,998
that worked in
the Sonderkommando alive today.

639
00:41:09,043 --> 00:41:12,479
And we are
the only eyewitness...

640
00:41:12,513 --> 00:41:16,677
that saw the whole thing
from "A" to "Z"...

641
00:41:16,717 --> 00:41:19,515
how the Final Solution was done.

642
00:41:21,889 --> 00:41:24,380
I'm Jewish from Greece.

643
00:41:24,425 --> 00:41:26,859
And I lived in Greece...

644
00:41:26,894 --> 00:41:30,660
until the time they took me
to concentration camp.

645
00:41:30,698 --> 00:41:37,262
The first week of April, 1944,
I arrived in Auschwitz.

646
00:41:38,305 --> 00:41:42,537
They selected some of the Greeks
to go to work on crematorium.

647
00:41:42,576 --> 00:41:46,478
Now is my first day there.
I don't know what was going on.

648
00:41:46,513 --> 00:41:51,541
I saw 2,500 people, all naked,
go into the big chamber...

649
00:41:51,585 --> 00:41:54,213
which eventually
they take only 500 people.

650
00:41:54,254 --> 00:41:56,552
They were putting in
2,500 people.

651
00:41:56,590 --> 00:42:00,993
So nobody could do anything
but stand up their children.

652
00:42:01,028 --> 00:42:04,520
And fifteen minutes later,
after they close the chambers...

653
00:42:04,565 --> 00:42:08,695
and the SS threw the gas
from these four openings...

654
00:42:08,736 --> 00:42:09,862
they open up.

655
00:42:09,903 --> 00:42:11,097
What did I see?

656
00:42:11,138 --> 00:42:13,504
I see the people
I saw fifteen minutes ago.

657
00:42:13,540 --> 00:42:15,167
I see them all dead...

658
00:42:15,209 --> 00:42:18,178
standing up with their children,
black and blue.

659
00:42:18,212 --> 00:42:21,181
And I said to myself,
"What's going on?

660
00:42:21,215 --> 00:42:23,012
"What's going on here?"

661
00:42:23,050 --> 00:42:26,508
There was a Polish guy
that was there before...

662
00:42:26,553 --> 00:42:29,215
and I said, "Where is God?"

663
00:42:29,256 --> 00:42:32,555
He says, "God is where
you have your strength."

664
00:42:34,528 --> 00:42:37,691
There were four crematoriums,
you know.

665
00:42:37,731 --> 00:42:40,564
And they were working
twenty-four hours.

666
00:42:40,601 --> 00:42:43,195
There were a lot of big shots
from Berlin...

667
00:42:43,237 --> 00:42:46,229
coming and watching
how the Jews were dying.

668
00:42:46,273 --> 00:42:49,936
There was a hole
in the hermetically closed...

669
00:42:49,977 --> 00:42:54,004
and they were looking there how
the Jewish people were dying.

670
00:42:54,048 --> 00:42:57,609
It takes two to four minutes.
Depends where you are.

671
00:42:57,651 --> 00:43:01,815
A lot of people think that we--
working in the Sonderkommando--

672
00:43:01,855 --> 00:43:04,323
we were guilty of something...

673
00:43:04,358 --> 00:43:06,826
because we were doing
such kind of a work.

674
00:43:06,860 --> 00:43:11,797
But ourselves,
we couldn't get out of it.

675
00:43:11,832 --> 00:43:13,993
lf you don't do whatever
they're asking you to do...

676
00:43:14,034 --> 00:43:15,433
they kill you right away.

677
00:43:16,570 --> 00:43:19,164
One time I had
two friends of mine...

678
00:43:19,206 --> 00:43:22,664
very close friends of mine,
they came in, you know.

679
00:43:22,709 --> 00:43:24,836
Their names were the Venezias.

680
00:43:24,878 --> 00:43:30,680
And I told them right away
that they were going to die.

681
00:43:30,717 --> 00:43:31,911
They asked for food.

682
00:43:31,952 --> 00:43:34,819
Whatever I had,
I gave them to eat.

683
00:43:34,855 --> 00:43:38,689
I told them exactly
where to keep themselves...

684
00:43:38,725 --> 00:43:43,025
where the openings were,
so they can die fast.

685
00:43:43,063 --> 00:43:45,531
And after they were through...

686
00:43:45,566 --> 00:43:47,864
I took them out,
and I washed them...

687
00:43:47,901 --> 00:43:51,302
and I put them in the oven
to be burned.

688
00:43:58,483 --> 00:44:00,417
[Machine gun firing]

689
00:44:10,095 --> 00:44:14,657
TOM: We could hear the artillery
moving closer and closer.

690
00:44:14,699 --> 00:44:18,226
And Budapest
was the battlefield...

691
00:44:18,269 --> 00:44:21,670
between the Germans
and the Soviet Army.

692
00:44:21,706 --> 00:44:26,541
And although we knew it would be
weeks before the Soviet Army...

693
00:44:26,578 --> 00:44:29,513
would hopefully liberate
the remaining Jews...

694
00:44:29,547 --> 00:44:33,540
we knew that lots of hardships
were still ahead.

695
00:44:36,921 --> 00:44:39,014
ALICE:
ln Auschwitz, after Christmas...

696
00:44:39,057 --> 00:44:43,391
we hear more the bombing
came closer and closer.

697
00:44:43,428 --> 00:44:46,397
IRENE: The Nazis didn't want
anybody to get liberated.

698
00:44:46,431 --> 00:44:50,891
So they were herding the people
away from the camp.

699
00:44:50,935 --> 00:44:53,426
RANDOLPH:
The death march was in winter.

700
00:44:53,471 --> 00:44:58,465
Those who could not keep pace
were simply shot by the wayside.

701
00:45:02,047 --> 00:45:07,178
lf anybody tries to run away...

702
00:45:08,186 --> 00:45:10,154
or do anything
that is not permitted...

703
00:45:10,188 --> 00:45:12,588
will be shot on the spot.

704
00:45:12,624 --> 00:45:17,584
There were three of us friends
together up to that point.

705
00:45:17,629 --> 00:45:21,565
And we swore
that we would sacrifice...

706
00:45:21,599 --> 00:45:23,567
each other's life
for each other...

707
00:45:23,601 --> 00:45:25,694
that we would never
let each other down.

708
00:45:25,737 --> 00:45:29,696
Kids. We had this sort of
a dream that will be possible.

709
00:45:29,741 --> 00:45:34,542
One of the three had
a knee injury and had gangrene.

710
00:45:34,579 --> 00:45:36,706
One of the soldiers
noticed him limping...

711
00:45:36,748 --> 00:45:39,410
so he comes up,
and he wants to shoot him.

712
00:45:39,451 --> 00:45:42,215
When we step in front of him,
he pulls out his Luger...

713
00:45:42,253 --> 00:45:44,721
and he says,
"I give you three seconds.

714
00:45:44,756 --> 00:45:48,283
"Count to three.
Either you let him go...

715
00:45:48,326 --> 00:45:50,226
"or all the three of you die."

716
00:45:50,261 --> 00:45:52,229
Can you imagine?

717
00:45:52,263 --> 00:45:55,699
Even though you're young,
that decision we had to make.

718
00:45:55,734 --> 00:45:59,727
Here we promised that
we will die for each other...

719
00:45:59,771 --> 00:46:03,172
but we couldn't keep that
promise under threat of death.

720
00:46:03,208 --> 00:46:05,267
We did let him down.

721
00:46:09,214 --> 00:46:12,183
We arrived,
about ten days' march or so...

722
00:46:12,217 --> 00:46:14,014
we arrived into Dachau.

723
00:46:33,138 --> 00:46:35,072
BILL: Oh, my God.

724
00:46:37,008 --> 00:46:39,033
After fifty-three years...

725
00:46:41,579 --> 00:46:43,979
it's as if it were yesterday.

726
00:46:50,889 --> 00:46:54,052
You could find them right here
in the street, just laying...

727
00:46:54,092 --> 00:46:55,821
and we didn't even
pay any attention.

728
00:46:55,860 --> 00:46:57,953
You stepped over bodies.
Didn't pay attention.

729
00:46:57,996 --> 00:46:59,623
They didn't mean anything.

730
00:46:59,664 --> 00:47:01,495
-Right here?
-Yeah.

731
00:47:01,533 --> 00:47:05,367
I never knew anybody's name...

732
00:47:05,403 --> 00:47:08,304
never wanted to know anybody.

733
00:47:08,339 --> 00:47:11,137
I never wanted to know
just in case someday...

734
00:47:11,176 --> 00:47:14,634
someone will know this person...

735
00:47:14,679 --> 00:47:18,137
whose shoes I have taken off
when he died.

736
00:47:21,252 --> 00:47:23,447
lf you can imagine
that every morning...

737
00:47:23,488 --> 00:47:25,456
my job was for a while--

738
00:47:25,490 --> 00:47:28,857
I had to go barrack
to barrack to barrack...

739
00:47:28,893 --> 00:47:32,522
and take those bodies and
bring them to the crematorium.

740
00:47:32,564 --> 00:47:34,657
We had one of those pushcarts.

741
00:47:35,600 --> 00:47:39,127
I remember the Sonderkommandos
that worked the crematorium...

742
00:47:39,170 --> 00:47:42,401
came out and opened the gate.

743
00:47:42,440 --> 00:47:44,465
They took it over from here
and walked it in.

744
00:47:44,509 --> 00:47:46,704
We were never allowed
to cross this.

745
00:47:46,744 --> 00:47:51,204
They never talked about
a crematorium, but we knew.

746
00:47:51,249 --> 00:47:53,114
lf we walked in here,
we never got out.

747
00:47:53,151 --> 00:47:55,881
We never got out from here,
from this area...

748
00:47:55,920 --> 00:48:00,058
because if they let him out,
and he escapes...

749
00:48:00,058 --> 00:48:01,992
they have witness,
they have testimony...

750
00:48:02,026 --> 00:48:04,051
so they wouldn't let him out.

751
00:48:10,301 --> 00:48:12,735
Oy, look at this.

752
00:48:29,254 --> 00:48:33,953
The inhumanity of man
against man.

753
00:48:33,992 --> 00:48:35,550
It's beyond belief.

754
00:48:36,995 --> 00:48:42,262
This is the most monstrous thing
that man devised.

755
00:48:44,535 --> 00:48:49,472
Burning human beings
just to get rid of them quicker.

756
00:48:49,507 --> 00:48:51,566
Unbelievable.

757
00:49:11,429 --> 00:49:14,364
It's just so emotional for me.
It's so hard.

758
00:49:20,972 --> 00:49:22,735
Now, why did I survive?

759
00:49:23,808 --> 00:49:25,799
Why did God spare me?

760
00:49:29,852 --> 00:49:33,379
Somebody started to yell,
"Americans, Americans!"

761
00:49:33,422 --> 00:49:35,686
We didn't know
what they mean by Americans...

762
00:49:35,724 --> 00:49:37,658
and they were pointing up
to the sky.

763
00:49:37,693 --> 00:49:41,288
Planes came out from behind
the mountains, from nowhere...

764
00:49:41,330 --> 00:49:45,130
and they just bombed the convoy.

765
00:49:45,167 --> 00:49:48,330
And they didn't touch us.
None of us got hurt.

766
00:49:48,370 --> 00:49:50,304
That's when I found out
the first time...

767
00:49:50,339 --> 00:49:52,967
that the United States
was at war.

768
00:49:53,008 --> 00:49:58,241
It was April 29th when
I was ordered to go to Dachau.

769
00:49:58,280 --> 00:50:00,840
Actually,
it was the night of the 28th...

770
00:50:00,883 --> 00:50:03,750
and we were ordered
to take off...

771
00:50:03,786 --> 00:50:06,550
as fast as possible
to get to Dachau...

772
00:50:06,588 --> 00:50:08,488
not knowing what we were facing.

773
00:50:08,524 --> 00:50:12,460
We thought it was
a German military camp...

774
00:50:12,494 --> 00:50:14,223
that we were going in to take...

775
00:50:14,263 --> 00:50:17,858
and therefore we were gonna
capture the people inside it.

776
00:50:17,900 --> 00:50:19,868
We were in the vicinity...

777
00:50:19,902 --> 00:50:24,737
of what we found out to be
concentration camps.

778
00:50:26,275 --> 00:50:28,470
BILL: Suddenly,
we hear machine guns...

779
00:50:28,510 --> 00:50:29,943
guns shooting off.

780
00:50:29,978 --> 00:50:33,641
First thought
was that we are being killed.

781
00:50:33,682 --> 00:50:35,513
And then we saw
the American soldiers...

782
00:50:35,551 --> 00:50:36,677
climbing and crawling
and shooting...

783
00:50:36,719 --> 00:50:41,281
and then we saw German soldiers
coming from that direction.

784
00:50:41,323 --> 00:50:44,781
As they met here in the center,
the Germans gave up.

785
00:50:44,827 --> 00:50:52,233
But visualize 32,000 people
coming out of those barracks.

786
00:50:52,267 --> 00:50:56,829
Outside the camp
on railroad tracks was...

787
00:50:56,872 --> 00:50:59,807
forty boxcars,
I believe, was the count...

788
00:50:59,842 --> 00:51:02,572
absolutely full of dead bodies.

789
00:51:05,247 --> 00:51:09,240
And not having had any knowledge
of what we were facing...

790
00:51:10,352 --> 00:51:13,981
this was totally unreal.

791
00:51:16,258 --> 00:51:19,022
Most of them
were wearing flannel pajamas.

792
00:51:19,061 --> 00:51:20,688
That's all what they had.

793
00:51:20,729 --> 00:51:25,291
Blue striped, white striped
flannel pajamas.

794
00:51:25,334 --> 00:51:27,666
PAUL: People were weak.

795
00:51:27,703 --> 00:51:30,695
Weak probably isn't even
the right term.

796
00:51:31,940 --> 00:51:34,534
But they were emaciated.

797
00:51:34,576 --> 00:51:38,706
Some of the people looked
very old who weren't old.

798
00:51:38,747 --> 00:51:41,011
MIHO: They were walking dead.
That's what we called them.

799
00:51:41,049 --> 00:51:42,243
Skeletons.

800
00:51:43,118 --> 00:51:44,710
PAUL:
A few came out first...

801
00:51:44,753 --> 00:51:47,221
then more came out
and more came out...

802
00:51:47,256 --> 00:51:49,087
and they kept
coming toward us...

803
00:51:49,124 --> 00:51:52,093
because it was almost
as if they realized--

804
00:51:52,127 --> 00:51:53,424
and I guess they did--

805
00:51:53,462 --> 00:51:55,896
they realized
that we were different...

806
00:51:55,931 --> 00:51:59,025
that we were people
coming to help them.

807
00:51:59,067 --> 00:52:03,094
And the Americans held the gun
against the Germans...

808
00:52:03,138 --> 00:52:06,369
but they didn't kill them.
They let us have them.

809
00:52:06,408 --> 00:52:10,208
And taking a dozen or so
German soldiers we caught...

810
00:52:10,245 --> 00:52:14,579
literally tore them apart
piece by piece.

811
00:52:15,851 --> 00:52:21,585
We captured a German colonel,
and I went back and told him...

812
00:52:21,623 --> 00:52:26,686
that we're gonna send you to
our officers to talk to you...

813
00:52:26,728 --> 00:52:28,559
and he spit in my face...

814
00:52:29,631 --> 00:52:30,859
and I killed him.

815
00:52:32,267 --> 00:52:35,031
It wasn't long before
the war was over after that...

816
00:52:35,070 --> 00:52:38,836
but throughout those last days,
we intended to stop Germany...

817
00:52:38,874 --> 00:52:40,000
from ever having
the opportunity...

818
00:52:40,042 --> 00:52:42,806
to stand up again and do this
to anybody.

819
00:52:43,779 --> 00:52:47,112
l've seen
many a horrible sight...

820
00:52:47,149 --> 00:52:51,313
that two years
in ltaly, France, and Germany...

821
00:52:51,353 --> 00:52:54,618
but the worst
l've ever seen in my life...

822
00:52:54,656 --> 00:52:57,056
were the survivors
of the Holocaust.

823
00:53:04,166 --> 00:53:06,259
This is something which is...

824
00:53:07,903 --> 00:53:09,427
to this day I cannot forget.

825
00:54:35,735 --> 00:54:38,670
I wasn't young anymore.

826
00:54:38,705 --> 00:54:40,798
I was very old.

827
00:54:40,840 --> 00:54:43,809
I was sixteen,
but I was very old.

828
00:54:43,843 --> 00:54:47,574
Returning to freedom
was very difficuIt.

829
00:54:48,682 --> 00:54:50,912
We didn't know how
we were going to make peace...

830
00:54:50,951 --> 00:54:53,613
with the outside world
which didn't want us...

831
00:54:53,653 --> 00:54:55,382
and we didn't know...

832
00:54:57,791 --> 00:55:01,750
who we were going to find
or not find.

833
00:55:01,795 --> 00:55:03,729
They didn't know
what to do with us...

834
00:55:03,763 --> 00:55:05,628
and they put us in a DP camp...

835
00:55:05,665 --> 00:55:08,395
which is
a displaced persons camp.

836
00:55:08,435 --> 00:55:12,132
And the closest one
from where I was was in Austria.

837
00:55:12,172 --> 00:55:16,609
And all the survivors
that had no other place to go...

838
00:55:16,643 --> 00:55:18,804
were in that camp.

839
00:55:18,845 --> 00:55:22,474
So it was another camp,
but it was free.

840
00:55:24,317 --> 00:55:27,809
TOM: After the Soviet Army
liberated Budapest...

841
00:55:27,854 --> 00:55:31,688
and I became
a free human being again...

842
00:55:31,725 --> 00:55:34,660
I did not know for months...

843
00:55:34,694 --> 00:55:38,460
whether my mother
or other members of my family...

844
00:55:38,498 --> 00:55:39,658
would ever return.

845
00:55:43,236 --> 00:55:47,070
RENEE: I was hoping
that going back to Auschwitz...

846
00:55:47,107 --> 00:55:49,507
is finally going to give me
some closure.

847
00:55:51,311 --> 00:55:55,145
And I was shocked to find out...

848
00:55:55,181 --> 00:56:00,141
that it opened up
new questions and new doubts.

849
00:56:17,070 --> 00:56:19,061
Ren�e. R-e-n-�-e.

850
00:56:20,974 --> 00:56:24,910
RENEE: This is the first time
that I decided...

851
00:56:24,944 --> 00:56:28,141
to find some records
on my family.

852
00:56:30,683 --> 00:56:35,120
And my sister was Klara.

853
00:57:05,985 --> 00:57:07,145
Give me some.

854
00:57:26,439 --> 00:57:27,906
Klara.

855
00:57:27,941 --> 00:57:29,966
Mm-hmm. lt's my sister.

856
00:57:31,845 --> 00:57:33,142
Yeah.

857
00:57:34,147 --> 00:57:38,049
RENEE: I found records
of my sister, my father...

858
00:57:38,084 --> 00:57:40,450
and my own...

859
00:57:40,487 --> 00:57:42,717
and when I asked about
my mother...

860
00:57:44,557 --> 00:57:46,821
the archivist, the historian
told me...

861
00:57:46,860 --> 00:57:49,328
that those who were taken...

862
00:57:49,362 --> 00:57:52,092
from the railroad station
and killed immediately...

863
00:57:52,132 --> 00:57:54,327
there is no record of those.

864
00:58:12,285 --> 00:58:15,914
This is a test
of her blood or...

865
00:58:15,955 --> 00:58:20,449
or some medical researchment
of Klara Weinfeld.

866
00:58:20,493 --> 00:58:23,860
RENEE: I found out that
my sister was experimented on...

867
00:58:23,897 --> 00:58:27,833
that they were doing
some blood tests on her.

868
00:58:27,867 --> 00:58:29,732
And what does the zero mean?

869
00:58:32,839 --> 00:58:34,898
RENEE: And he said,
"I really don't know.

870
00:58:34,941 --> 00:58:36,738
"Nobody ever asked me."

871
00:58:36,776 --> 00:58:40,803
But there is a Dr. Munch who
was the head of this clinic...

872
00:58:40,847 --> 00:58:42,007
who is still alive.

873
00:58:42,048 --> 00:58:46,246
Then I found out you're going
to interview this man...

874
00:58:46,286 --> 00:58:49,278
and that I may have a chance
to ask him...

875
00:58:49,322 --> 00:58:51,552
what those symbols meant.

876
00:59:20,453 --> 00:59:22,512
MUNCH:
Nothing important.

877
00:59:52,418 --> 00:59:53,942
-Six months.
-Bitte?

878
00:59:53,987 --> 00:59:56,979
-Six months.
-Six months.

879
01:00:10,003 --> 01:00:13,598
RENEE:
I tried to be civilized...

880
01:00:13,640 --> 01:00:16,006
but he was very evasive...

881
01:00:16,042 --> 01:00:19,409
and I became very angry.

882
01:00:19,445 --> 01:00:23,142
I kept thinking that thousands
and thousands of people...

883
01:00:23,182 --> 01:00:25,343
died in his clinic.

884
01:00:26,619 --> 01:00:30,817
I am going to go back
to Crematorium 5...

885
01:00:30,857 --> 01:00:34,349
because I know that my mother
was taken there for sure.

886
01:00:34,394 --> 01:00:36,988
I'm going to light
some candles...

887
01:00:37,964 --> 01:00:40,990
and I know that I am not
coming back here anymore.

888
01:00:45,972 --> 01:00:50,409
And now...
just very recently...

889
01:00:50,443 --> 01:00:54,937
I got a new letter
from Bergen-Belsen...

890
01:00:54,981 --> 01:00:57,415
that they don't have Edith Lok.

891
01:00:57,450 --> 01:00:59,748
They looked through
their books...

892
01:00:59,786 --> 01:01:03,187
but they found an Edith Schwarz.

893
01:01:03,222 --> 01:01:05,884
And I remembered at one point...

894
01:01:05,925 --> 01:01:11,625
my sister Edith decided
she will use my mother's name...

895
01:01:11,664 --> 01:01:12,790
but I forgot it.

896
01:01:12,832 --> 01:01:17,826
And all these years
I looked for Edith Lok.

897
01:01:17,870 --> 01:01:20,304
Can you find me, though,
with Hungaria--

898
01:01:20,340 --> 01:01:21,500
Hungaria?

899
01:01:22,542 --> 01:01:25,033
Let's just look at it.

900
01:01:26,112 --> 01:01:27,943
It's not alphabetized.

901
01:01:45,665 --> 01:01:47,758
ALICE:
Going back to Bergen-Belsen...

902
01:01:47,800 --> 01:01:51,292
I want my husband
to say a prayer...

903
01:01:51,337 --> 01:01:53,805
with my children and with me...

904
01:01:53,840 --> 01:01:59,403
because we will
symbolically bury Edith.

905
01:01:59,445 --> 01:02:02,937
MAN: This is a cemetery where
all the people were buried...

906
01:02:02,982 --> 01:02:04,847
who were brought after
liberation...

907
01:02:04,884 --> 01:02:06,545
to the military blocks.

908
01:02:07,286 --> 01:02:09,481
We found the name
of your sister.

909
01:02:10,423 --> 01:02:14,416
She died here, we think,
on the 2nd of June 1945.

910
01:02:16,127 --> 01:02:18,960
So all the people who died
in those days...

911
01:02:18,996 --> 01:02:21,897
were buried here,
one beside the next one.

912
01:02:28,239 --> 01:02:31,902
ALICE: Today is the most
special day of my life.

913
01:02:32,843 --> 01:02:35,107
Finally, the search is over...

914
01:02:36,314 --> 01:02:40,182
and we know now what happened
and when it happened.

915
01:02:42,954 --> 01:02:46,287
I brought here
my mother's prayer book...

916
01:02:46,324 --> 01:02:48,849
and here we will say for you...

917
01:02:48,893 --> 01:02:51,657
the prayers
that's traditional...

918
01:02:51,696 --> 01:02:55,188
and light this candle
in your memory...

919
01:02:55,232 --> 01:02:59,464
and remember you forever...

920
01:03:00,604 --> 01:03:02,037
as long as we live.

921
01:03:19,056 --> 01:03:23,857
Yitgadal v' yitkadash
shemai rabah.

922
01:03:23,894 --> 01:03:27,660
B'almah divrah charutay
viyamlich malchutai...

923
01:03:27,698 --> 01:03:30,758
b'chayachon uv 'yamaichon...

924
01:03:30,801 --> 01:03:33,565
uv'chayai kol bet Yisroel...

925
01:03:33,604 --> 01:03:37,768
ba'agala u'bizman kariv,
v'imru amen.

926
01:03:37,808 --> 01:03:43,007
Yehai shemai raba mevorach
l'olam olmai olmaya.

927
01:03:43,047 --> 01:03:45,572
Yitbarach, v'yishtabach.

928
01:03:45,616 --> 01:03:48,608
'yitpaar v'yirroman,
v'yitnaseh...

929
01:03:48,652 --> 01:03:51,951
v'yithadar, 'v'yithaleh
v'yithallal...

930
01:03:51,989 --> 01:03:55,152
shemai dekudisha, b'rich hu.

931
01:03:55,192 --> 01:03:58,787
ALICE: But there are a lot
of people like me out there...

932
01:03:58,829 --> 01:04:00,296
who are still looking...

933
01:04:01,932 --> 01:04:05,231
because for us...

934
01:04:06,103 --> 01:04:08,936
liberation wasn't the last day.

935
01:04:17,815 --> 01:04:21,012
TOM: I got an announcement
that I had been selected...

936
01:04:21,052 --> 01:04:23,077
to receive
an academic scholarship...

937
01:04:23,120 --> 01:04:27,022
to the University of Washington
in a town called "Seetle..."

938
01:04:27,058 --> 01:04:30,960
because nobody told me
it's pronounced Seattle.

939
01:04:30,995 --> 01:04:35,728
I had a ticket
on the SS Marine Falcon.

940
01:04:35,766 --> 01:04:39,463
I went to bunk B-20,
put down my knapsack...

941
01:04:39,503 --> 01:04:41,664
and they called for chow.

942
01:04:41,705 --> 01:04:43,070
I had no idea what chow was.

943
01:04:43,107 --> 01:04:45,575
It wasn't part
of my English vocabulary.

944
01:04:45,609 --> 01:04:47,509
So I got into the chow line.

945
01:04:47,545 --> 01:04:49,513
We had these huge metal trays...

946
01:04:49,547 --> 01:04:51,310
and this was
a period when, of course...

947
01:04:51,348 --> 01:04:54,977
my mental preoccupation
was still with hunger.

948
01:04:55,753 --> 01:04:58,085
And these wonderful people
slopped on...

949
01:04:58,122 --> 01:05:00,147
all the wonderful things
on this metal tray.

950
01:05:00,191 --> 01:05:02,785
And at the end of the line...

951
01:05:02,827 --> 01:05:06,888
there was a huge wicker basket
of oranges...

952
01:05:06,931 --> 01:05:09,923
and a huge wicker basket
of bananas.

953
01:05:09,967 --> 01:05:12,265
My mother always taught me
to do the right thing...

954
01:05:12,303 --> 01:05:14,032
and I didn't know
what the right thing was.

955
01:05:14,071 --> 01:05:16,130
So there was
another huge sailor...

956
01:05:16,173 --> 01:05:19,438
and I asked him,
"Sir, do I take a banana...

957
01:05:19,477 --> 01:05:20,910
"or do I take an orange?"

958
01:05:21,879 --> 01:05:24,245
And he said, "Man, you eat
all the damn bananas...

959
01:05:24,281 --> 01:05:26,943
"and all the damn oranges
you want."

960
01:05:26,984 --> 01:05:29,145
And then I knew I was in heaven.

961
01:05:30,054 --> 01:05:31,180
IRENE: I loved my town...

962
01:05:31,222 --> 01:05:34,953
and I see it
picturesque and happy.

963
01:05:36,193 --> 01:05:38,821
I'm planning to go there
for the first time...

964
01:05:38,863 --> 01:05:41,195
since I left in 1944.

965
01:05:41,232 --> 01:05:42,699
Now, look at the sign, Robin.

966
01:05:42,733 --> 01:05:45,429
Look at it.
It says Polena in Russian.

967
01:05:47,905 --> 01:05:49,930
The river is running
on the right-hand side.

968
01:05:49,974 --> 01:05:51,805
We used to go bathing here.

969
01:05:51,842 --> 01:05:53,366
I'm hoping I can find...

970
01:05:53,410 --> 01:05:57,346
some of the people that I knew
before the Holocaust...

971
01:05:58,282 --> 01:06:00,750
and maybe
that I can talk to them.

972
01:06:00,784 --> 01:06:03,048
ROBlN: There's the mushrooms
in the jar, see?

973
01:06:04,622 --> 01:06:05,782
[lrene speaking Hungarian]

974
01:06:05,823 --> 01:06:07,290
IRENE:
Maybe they can tell me...

975
01:06:07,324 --> 01:06:09,792
things that happened
while we were away.

976
01:06:09,827 --> 01:06:13,490
[Speaking Hungarian]

977
01:06:24,842 --> 01:06:26,742
IRENE:
This one woman, Mariska...

978
01:06:26,777 --> 01:06:31,441
she remembered my grandparents,
my father, my mother, and me.

979
01:06:31,482 --> 01:06:34,781
I was most surprised
that she remembered me.

980
01:06:36,320 --> 01:06:41,451
I was really afraid the people
were going to be hostile...

981
01:06:41,492 --> 01:06:44,655
that they were going to be
accusing me of coming back...

982
01:06:44,695 --> 01:06:46,663
to take something
away from them.

983
01:06:47,631 --> 01:06:50,862
I was asked
in a very nice way...

984
01:06:50,901 --> 01:06:53,665
am I planning
to take my property...

985
01:06:53,704 --> 01:06:56,172
and come back to live there?

986
01:06:56,207 --> 01:06:58,175
And I said no.

987
01:06:58,209 --> 01:07:01,872
I just want my children to know
where I come from...

988
01:07:01,912 --> 01:07:04,176
and I wanted to see my town
where I grew up...

989
01:07:04,215 --> 01:07:06,046
one more time before I die.

990
01:07:11,689 --> 01:07:15,125
RENEE:
Going back to my hometown...

991
01:07:15,159 --> 01:07:18,686
with my family, with my child...

992
01:07:18,729 --> 01:07:21,562
showing her
this beautiful town...

993
01:07:21,599 --> 01:07:27,504
which everywhere we went,
the word "Jew" doesn't exist.

994
01:07:27,538 --> 01:07:31,133
This building was
the Jewish community center.

995
01:07:31,175 --> 01:07:34,440
I wanted
to go to the Jewish temple...

996
01:07:34,478 --> 01:07:37,845
which was a beautiful synagogue.

997
01:07:40,050 --> 01:07:44,248
Look how they let this--
Oh, my God.

998
01:07:44,288 --> 01:07:47,223
What they did to this city,
you just have no idea.

999
01:07:47,258 --> 01:07:49,988
It's just unbelievable.

1000
01:07:50,027 --> 01:07:53,019
We went to the temple...

1001
01:07:53,063 --> 01:07:56,464
and there I met this man,
this Jewish man.

1002
01:07:56,500 --> 01:07:58,365
He was also in Auschwitz.

1003
01:07:58,402 --> 01:07:59,562
Hello.

1004
01:08:42,012 --> 01:08:44,572
RENEE: Then he walked us
through the temple...

1005
01:08:44,615 --> 01:08:49,177
and explained to us this is
no longer a Jewish temple.

1006
01:09:03,133 --> 01:09:08,161
RENEE: It was very painful
to see that this holy place...

1007
01:09:08,205 --> 01:09:13,734
was transformed
into a place of entertainment.

1008
01:09:15,579 --> 01:09:19,709
The most difficult part
was going back to my house.

1009
01:09:19,750 --> 01:09:21,547
Oh, my God!

1010
01:09:24,621 --> 01:09:27,715
That is the original...

1011
01:09:27,758 --> 01:09:30,556
That's the original gate.

1012
01:09:30,594 --> 01:09:31,822
The entrance.

1013
01:09:31,862 --> 01:09:33,762
The entrance. Yeah.

1014
01:09:35,466 --> 01:09:37,900
RENEE:
It was neglected...

1015
01:09:37,935 --> 01:09:42,531
this beautiful house that
my father took care of always...

1016
01:09:42,573 --> 01:09:46,031
and everything
was manicured around it.

1017
01:09:47,544 --> 01:09:48,670
MAN:
I think it's locked.

1018
01:09:48,712 --> 01:09:52,011
RENEE: No, it isn't.
It just doesn't open.

1019
01:09:52,049 --> 01:09:55,155
[Sobbing]
It doesn't open.

1020
01:09:55,289 --> 01:09:58,952
RENEE: At that moment I wished
I wouldn't have seen it.

1021
01:09:58,992 --> 01:10:02,291
[Sobbing]

1022
01:10:09,870 --> 01:10:13,135
One of the neighbors
who was a young child...

1023
01:10:13,173 --> 01:10:16,870
at the time they took us away
was still there.

1024
01:10:30,157 --> 01:10:34,992
He has now a Russian wife
who was very sympathetic.

1025
01:10:49,143 --> 01:10:51,373
She was scared to tell me...

1026
01:10:51,411 --> 01:10:54,175
what really happened
after we left.

1027
01:11:27,481 --> 01:11:29,676
At that moment,
I felt very lucky...

1028
01:11:29,716 --> 01:11:35,211
I will have a chance to go back
to the United States to my home.

1029
01:11:38,091 --> 01:11:40,082
I saved the diamonds
all the way--

1030
01:11:40,127 --> 01:11:42,459
all the way through
the whole everything.

1031
01:11:42,496 --> 01:11:45,329
And when I was free...

1032
01:11:45,365 --> 01:11:48,425
I didn't talk
about the Holocaust...

1033
01:11:48,468 --> 01:11:50,231
but I took the diamonds
and mounted them...

1034
01:11:50,270 --> 01:11:52,602
into a teardrop-shaped
pendant...

1035
01:11:52,639 --> 01:11:54,607
because every time
I had to save them...

1036
01:11:54,641 --> 01:11:56,108
I had to cry so much...

1037
01:11:56,143 --> 01:11:59,374
so I felt that the tears
are appropriate for that...

1038
01:11:59,413 --> 01:12:01,973
and I told my children
that these diamonds...

1039
01:12:02,015 --> 01:12:04,779
should go down
from generation to generation...

1040
01:12:04,818 --> 01:12:07,412
to the firstborn girl
in the family...

1041
01:12:07,454 --> 01:12:09,285
until...forever.

1042
01:12:12,492 --> 01:12:14,119
And you can see
they are different shapes...

1043
01:12:14,161 --> 01:12:16,527
and they're different cuts.

1044
01:12:16,563 --> 01:12:18,895
And they're
the only thing that l...

1045
01:12:20,334 --> 01:12:22,825
that I'm holding
that my mother ever held.

1046
01:12:26,473 --> 01:12:28,873
OK, well, I don't know
what you think about...

1047
01:12:28,909 --> 01:12:33,369
TOM: My life today is something
I myself cannot believe.

1048
01:12:35,449 --> 01:12:39,408
Having been elected by
my constituency in California...

1049
01:12:39,453 --> 01:12:44,049
of some 600,000 people
nine times...

1050
01:12:44,091 --> 01:12:48,357
it all seems like a dream,
and it all places...

1051
01:12:48,395 --> 01:12:51,421
an incredible sense
of responsibility on me.

1052
01:12:51,465 --> 01:12:54,525
As the only survivor
of the Holocaust...

1053
01:12:54,568 --> 01:12:58,334
ever elected to the Congress
of the United States...

1054
01:12:58,372 --> 01:13:00,738
I know I speak
for all of my colleagues...

1055
01:13:00,774 --> 01:13:03,766
Republicans and Democrats...

1056
01:13:03,810 --> 01:13:08,543
in expressing our outrage
at the most recent terrorist...

1057
01:13:08,582 --> 01:13:13,110
The central focus of my life
obviously is human rights...

1058
01:13:13,153 --> 01:13:16,452
because I am convinced
that this is really the path...

1059
01:13:16,490 --> 01:13:18,924
of a more civilized world.

1060
01:13:19,926 --> 01:13:24,056
My wife Annette and I have known
each other all our lives.

1061
01:13:24,097 --> 01:13:27,555
We grew up as children
in Budapest...

1062
01:13:28,802 --> 01:13:31,862
and we have been married now
for forty-seven years.

1063
01:13:33,006 --> 01:13:37,238
We have two daughters
who early on came to us...

1064
01:13:37,277 --> 01:13:40,769
and said that they planned...

1065
01:13:40,814 --> 01:13:43,510
a special gift
for their parents.

1066
01:13:44,951 --> 01:13:47,545
Since our families
were wiped out...

1067
01:13:47,587 --> 01:13:49,555
they will give us
a large family.

1068
01:13:50,857 --> 01:13:56,796
And we have been blessed with
17 wonderful grandchildren...

1069
01:13:56,830 --> 01:13:59,196
and it's really
the focus of our life.

1070
01:14:03,103 --> 01:14:05,594
RENEE:
I would like to be known...

1071
01:14:05,639 --> 01:14:08,904
as an educator
of the Holocaust...

1072
01:14:08,942 --> 01:14:11,843
so I go to
the Museum of Tolerance...

1073
01:14:11,878 --> 01:14:14,278
where I was a founder
of the Outreach Program...

1074
01:14:14,314 --> 01:14:21,117
and I speak to groups
who come into the museum.

1075
01:14:21,154 --> 01:14:25,716
...came into being. When
these things are happening...

1076
01:14:25,759 --> 01:14:29,559
you almost begin to believe
that you did something wrong.

1077
01:14:29,596 --> 01:14:31,257
Why would they do this to me...

1078
01:14:31,298 --> 01:14:34,825
I feel that it is my duty...

1079
01:14:36,036 --> 01:14:37,970
to make the world aware...

1080
01:14:38,004 --> 01:14:40,802
of what happened
during that time.

1081
01:14:40,841 --> 01:14:44,333
I always felt that
my language is inadequate...

1082
01:14:45,612 --> 01:14:51,414
and that if I wanted to tell
the story of my experiences...

1083
01:14:51,451 --> 01:14:55,581
I have to talk through a medium.

1084
01:14:55,622 --> 01:14:59,888
And I found art,
because art transcends.

1085
01:14:59,926 --> 01:15:01,951
It's beyond words.

1086
01:15:04,064 --> 01:15:07,056
I wanted the surface
to be very much layered.

1087
01:15:07,100 --> 01:15:10,263
It should look like
a crumbled wall...

1088
01:15:10,303 --> 01:15:14,501
like it's papered over
with yesterday's news...

1089
01:15:14,541 --> 01:15:17,442
because people want
to forget the past.

1090
01:15:17,477 --> 01:15:20,742
People want to forget
about the Holocaust.

1091
01:15:20,781 --> 01:15:23,579
What keeps me going is really...

1092
01:15:24,651 --> 01:15:26,141
the family...

1093
01:15:27,254 --> 01:15:29,882
that my husband and I created.

1094
01:15:31,024 --> 01:15:35,324
My grandchildren,
three wonderful children...

1095
01:15:35,362 --> 01:15:37,557
two of them rabbis...

1096
01:15:37,597 --> 01:15:40,088
and my beautiful daughter.

1097
01:15:40,133 --> 01:15:44,263
She teaches me every day
what is important in life...

1098
01:15:46,239 --> 01:15:50,005
And my husband,
who is four-generation lsraeli.

1099
01:15:50,043 --> 01:15:52,773
And such a gallant man.

1100
01:15:52,813 --> 01:15:55,873
And he helped me
to construct a life.

1101
01:15:57,050 --> 01:16:00,850
This painting is
"Arbeit Macht Frei."

1102
01:16:00,887 --> 01:16:05,347
When you read this welcome gate,
so to speak...

1103
01:16:05,392 --> 01:16:06,984
"Arbeit Macht Frei..."

1104
01:16:07,027 --> 01:16:10,258
My art today
is about the Holocaust...

1105
01:16:10,297 --> 01:16:14,791
because I have no memorial
for my people.

1106
01:16:14,835 --> 01:16:19,135
I don't know where they are.

1107
01:16:19,172 --> 01:16:22,198
Why, so many
of my family members died...

1108
01:16:22,242 --> 01:16:24,676
so many got killed...

1109
01:16:24,711 --> 01:16:27,179
that the Basch family
was almost wiped out.

1110
01:16:27,214 --> 01:16:28,681
We have regenerated.

1111
01:16:30,550 --> 01:16:34,111
So when we get together,
we are quite a large group.

1112
01:16:35,622 --> 01:16:39,058
And the joy of sitting
with my family...

1113
01:16:39,092 --> 01:16:43,153
and looking around and saying
that I was so close to death...

1114
01:16:43,196 --> 01:16:44,458
and here I am
sitting at a table...

1115
01:16:44,498 --> 01:16:48,093
and there are eleven,
twelve of us rejoicing life.

1116
01:16:48,134 --> 01:16:52,594
The pleasure of living
is wonderful.

1117
01:16:52,639 --> 01:16:55,631
-Salud.
-L'chaim.

1118
01:16:55,675 --> 01:16:59,577
One day, it was on a Sunday,
someone knocked at my door...

1119
01:16:59,613 --> 01:17:02,377
and I asked him into the door.

1120
01:17:02,415 --> 01:17:06,215
They had something wrapped in
a newspaper under their arm...

1121
01:17:06,253 --> 01:17:07,777
and they said,
"Are you Paul Parks?"

1122
01:17:07,821 --> 01:17:09,049
And I said yes.

1123
01:17:09,089 --> 01:17:12,081
He says, "We've been looking
for you for several years."

1124
01:17:12,125 --> 01:17:14,093
"Off and on, various people
have been looking for you.

1125
01:17:14,127 --> 01:17:16,595
"We wanted to find you."
I said, "Why?"

1126
01:17:16,630 --> 01:17:20,191
"There was a fellow
who was liberated by you guys...

1127
01:17:20,233 --> 01:17:23,100
"at Dachau
who remembered you...

1128
01:17:23,136 --> 01:17:25,570
"and he died
several years ago...

1129
01:17:25,605 --> 01:17:28,699
"and he'd made
a menorah in the camp.

1130
01:17:28,742 --> 01:17:30,869
"He made it out
of concrete nails...

1131
01:17:30,911 --> 01:17:34,074
"and welded it together
and braised it together...

1132
01:17:34,114 --> 01:17:39,484
"while he was in the camp,
and he wanted you to have it.

1133
01:17:39,519 --> 01:17:41,544
"So we've been looking for you
to give it to you...

1134
01:17:41,588 --> 01:17:42,748
"and here it is."

1135
01:17:42,789 --> 01:17:45,087
And he gave me
this beautiful menorah.

1136
01:17:52,332 --> 01:17:56,063
IRENE: Liberation was like
a present from the world...

1137
01:17:56,102 --> 01:17:59,469
and that's the first time
I acknowledged God again...

1138
01:17:59,506 --> 01:18:02,700
that He is around
and helped me get to this point.

1139
01:18:02,834 --> 01:18:05,962
I don't think that God
created the Holocaust.

1140
01:18:06,004 --> 01:18:13,206
I think that God gave us a mind
and a heart and free will...

1141
01:18:13,244 --> 01:18:15,075
and it is up to man...

1142
01:18:16,280 --> 01:18:18,874
what he's going to do
with his life.

1143
01:18:20,518 --> 01:18:23,976
And I blame man, not God.

1144
01:18:24,022 --> 01:18:29,654
I cannot rationally explain,
emotionally explain...

1145
01:18:29,694 --> 01:18:32,663
intellectually explain
the Holocaust.

1146
01:18:32,697 --> 01:18:36,064
I cannot find...

1147
01:18:36,100 --> 01:18:41,402
a place
for a higher authority...

1148
01:18:41,439 --> 01:18:42,838
in this nightmare.

1149
01:18:42,874 --> 01:18:45,104
What kind of people are we?

1150
01:18:45,143 --> 01:18:48,306
What are the books teaching us?

1151
01:18:48,346 --> 01:18:51,713
What is the difference
between me...

1152
01:18:52,583 --> 01:18:53,845
and another child?

1153
01:18:53,885 --> 01:18:56,012
What is the Bible teaching me?

1154
01:18:58,423 --> 01:19:01,119
What is this about?

1155
01:19:03,661 --> 01:19:07,222
Hitler remained a pathological
anti-Semite to the end.

1156
01:19:07,265 --> 01:19:12,396
ln one of his last testaments,
or warnings to his followers...

1157
01:19:13,304 --> 01:19:16,899
was for them to continue
the war against the Jews.

1158
01:19:16,941 --> 01:19:22,538
BILL: ln his will executed
April 29, 1945, it says...

1159
01:19:22,580 --> 01:19:27,449
"Above all,
I enjoin the government...

1160
01:19:27,485 --> 01:19:32,445
"and the people to uphold
the race laws to the limit...

1161
01:19:32,490 --> 01:19:36,722
"and to resist mercilessly...

1162
01:19:36,761 --> 01:19:42,290
"the poisoner of all nations,
international Jewry."

1163
01:20:15,933 --> 01:20:20,131
RANDOLPH: The Holocaust
has to be taught as a chapter...

1164
01:20:20,171 --> 01:20:24,005
in the long history
of man's inhumanity to man.

1165
01:20:26,244 --> 01:20:30,510
One cannot ignore
the discrimination...

1166
01:20:30,548 --> 01:20:32,880
inflicted on many people...

1167
01:20:32,917 --> 01:20:35,477
because of race, color,
or creed.

1168
01:20:35,520 --> 01:20:37,715
One cannot ignore slavery.

1169
01:20:37,755 --> 01:20:40,815
One cannot ignore
the burning of witches.

1170
01:20:40,858 --> 01:20:43,053
One cannot ignore
the killing of Christians...

1171
01:20:43,094 --> 01:20:44,789
in the Roman period.

1172
01:20:46,497 --> 01:20:49,523
The Holocaust, perhaps,
is the culmination...

1173
01:20:50,501 --> 01:20:54,062
of the kind of horror
that can occur...

1174
01:20:54,105 --> 01:20:58,838
when man loses his integrity...

1175
01:20:58,876 --> 01:21:02,107
his belief
in the sanctity of human life.