>> Lesley Stahl: GOOD EVENING. WELCOME TO "60 MINUTES PRESENTS." I'M LESLEY STAHL.
TONIGHT: "CAPTURING HISTORY." WE'LL LOOK AT TWO PROJECTS THAT DO JUST THAT. LATER, NORAH O'DONNELL VISITS
STORYCORPS' DAVE ISAY AS HE WORKS TO CHANGE THE HARSH AND HOSTILE TONE OF AMERICA'S POLITICAL DEBATE ONE
CONVERSATION AT A TIME. BUT WE BEGIN WITH A PROJECT TO BRING HISTORY TO LIFE IN A WAY WE'D NEVER SEEN BEFORE.
MOST SURVIVORS OF WORLD WAR II'S NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMPS ARE NOW IN THEIR 80s AND 90s, AND SOON THERE WILL BE NO ONE LEFT WHO
EXPERIENCED THE HORRORS OF THE HOLOCAUST FIRSTHAND, NO ONE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS OR BEAR WITNESS TO FUTURE GENERATIONS.
BUT AS WE FIRST REPORTED TWO YEARS AGO, A NEW AND DRAMATIC EFFORT IS UNDERWAY TO CHANGE THAT, BY HARNESSING THE
TECHNOLOGIES OF THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE, TO KEEP ALIVE THE ABILITY TO TALK TO-- AND GET ANSWERS FROM-- THE PAST.
HI, AARON. >> Aaron Elster: HELLO. >> Stahl: CAN I ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS?
>> Elster: YOU CAN ASK ME ANYTHING YOU WANT, WITHIN REASON. >> Stahl: OUR INTERVIEW WITH
HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR AARON ELSTER, WHO SPENT TWO YEARS OF HIS CHILDHOOD HIDDEN IN A NEIGHBOR'S ATTIC, WAS UNLIKE ANY INTERVIEW
WE HAVE EVER DONE. AARON, TELL US WHAT YOUR PARENTS DID BEFORE THE WAR. >> Elster: THEY OWNED AND
OPERATED A BUTCHER SHOP. >> Stahl: IT WASN'T THE CONTENT OF THE INTERVIEW THAT WAS SO UNUSUAL.
WHERE DID YOU LIVE? >> Elster: I WAS BORN IN A SMALL TOWN IN POLAND CALLED SOKOLOOÓW PODLASKI.
>> Stahl: IT'S THE FACT THAT THIS INTERVIEW WAS WITH A MAN WHO WAS NO LONGER ALIVE. AARON ELSTER DIED FOUR YEARS
AGO. WHAT'S THE WEATHER LIKE TODAY? >> Elster: I'M ACTUALLY A RECORDING.
I CANNOT ANSWER THAT QUESTION. >> Heather Maio: THE SURVIVORS WERE GETTING VERY OLD. >> Stahl: HEATHER MAIO CAME UP
WITH THE IDEA FOR THIS PROJECT. SHE HAD WORKED ON EXHIBITS FEATURING HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS FOR YEARS, AND WANTED FUTURE
GENERATIONS TO HAVE THE SAME OPPORTUNITY TO INTERACT WITH THEM AS SHE'D HAD. >> Maio: I WANTED TO TALK TO A
HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR LIKE I WOULD TODAY, WITH THAT PERSON SITTING RIGHT IN FRONT OF ME AND WE WERE HAVING A CONVERSATION.
>> Stahl: SHE KNEW THAT BACK IN THE '90s, AFTER MAKING THE FILM "SCHINDLER'S LIST," STEVEN SPIELBERG CREATED A FOUNDATION
NAMED FOR THE HEBREW WORD FOR THE HOLOCAUST, SHOAH, TO FILM AND COLLECT TESTIMONIES FROM AS MANY SURVIVORS AS POSSIBLE.
THEY HAVE INTERVIEWED NEARLY 55,000 OF THEM SO FAR, AND HAVE STORED THEM AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
BUT MAIO DREAMED OF SOMETHING MORE DYNAMIC-- BEING ABLE TO ACTIVELY CONVERSE WITH SURVIVORS AFTER THEY'RE GONE.
AND SHE FIGURED, IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS LIKE SIRI AND ALEXA, THE TECHNOLOGY HAD TO BE CREATABLE.
>> Stephen Smith: I'VE BEEN INVOLVED IN INTERVIEWING HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS FOR OVER 20 YEARS.
>> Stahl: SHE BROUGHT THE IDEA TO STEPHEN SMITH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE U.S.C. SHOAH FOUNDATION, AND NOW HER HUSBAND.
HE LOVED IT, BUT SOME OF HIS COLLEAGUES WEREN'T SO SURE. >> Maio: ONE OF THEM LOOKED AT ME-- SHE WAS LIKE, "YOU WANT TO
TALK TO DEAD PEOPLE?" ( LAUGHS ) >> Stahl: AND YOU SAID, "YES, BECAUSE THAT'S THE POINT."
>> Maio: THAT'S THE POINT. >> Stahl: WELL, MAYBE PEOPLE THOUGHT YOU'RE TURNING THE HOLOCAUST INTO SOMETHING, MAYBE
HOKEY? >> Maio: YEAH. THEY SAID THAT, "YOU'RE GOING TO DISNEY-FY--
>> Stahl: YES. >> Maio: "YOU'RE GOING TO DISNEY-FY THE HOLOCAUST." >> Smith: WE HAD A LOT OF
PUSHBACK ON THIS PROJECT. IS IT THE RIGHT THING TO DO? WHAT ABOUT THE WELLBEING OF THE SURVIVORS?
ARE WE TRYING TO KEEP THEM ALIVE BEYOND THEIR DEATHS? EVERYONE HAD QUESTIONS, EXCEPT FOR ONE GROUP OF PEOPLE-- THE
SURVIVORS THEMSELVES, WHO SAID, "WHERE DO I SIGN UP? I WOULD LIKE TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS PROJECT."
NO BARRIERS TO ENTRY. >> Stahl: THE FIRST SURVIVOR THEY SIGNED UP TO DO A TRIAL RUN WAS A MAN NAMED PINCHAS GUTTER,
WHO WAS BORN IN POLAND AND DEPORTED TO THE MAJDANEK CONCENTRATION CAMP WITH HIS PARENTS AND TWIN SISTER SABINA
AT THE AGE OF 11. HE IS THE ONLY ONE WHO SURVIVED. THEY FLEW PINCHAS FROM HIS HOME IN TORONTO TO LOS ANGELES, AND
ASKED HIM TO SIT INSIDE THIS. SO YOU'RE IN THIS DOME? WHAT-- >> Pinchas Gutter: YEAH, I CALL
IT A SPHERE. THEY CALL IT A DOME. AND THEN EVENTUALLY, IT WAS CALLED A BUBBLE.
>> Stahl: A BUBBLE, SURROUNDING HIM WITH LIGHTS AND MORE THAN 20 CAMERAS. THE GOAL WAS TO FUTURE-PROOF THE
INTERVIEWS, SO THAT AS TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES AND 3D, HOLOGRAM-LIKE PROJECTION BECOMES THE NORM, THEY'LL HAVE ALL THE
NECESSARY ANGLES. >> Smith: SO THE VERY FIRST DAY WE WENT TO FILM PINCHAS, WE HAD THESE ULTRA-HIGH-SPEED CAMERAS.
THEY WERE ALL LINKED TOGETHER AND SYNCED TOGETHER TO MAKE THIS VIDEO OF HIM. SO, WE SIT DOWN AND THEY PRESS
RECORD. NOTHING HAPPENS. SO PINCHAS IS SITTING THERE WITH 6,000 L.E.D. LIGHTS ON HIM AND
CAMERAS THAT DON'T WORK. >> Pinchas: CAN I GO BACK TO SLEEP NOW? >> Stahl: SUNGLASSES SHIELDED
HIS EYES. >> Pinchas: WHEN ARE WE GOING TO START? I WAS BORED SITTING IN THAT
CHAIR, SO I STARTED SINGING TO MYSELF. ♪ ♪ ♪ SO SUDDENLY, STEVEN HAD THIS
IDEA-- "OH, HE'S SINGING. WE'RE GOING TO RECORD SOME SONGS OF HIS." ♪ ♪ ♪
>> Smith: HE WAS SUCH A GOOD SPORT. >> Maio: HE WAS A REALLY GOOD SPORT.
>> Stahl: EVENTUALLY THE CAMERAS ROLLED, AND PINCHAS WAS ASKED TO COME BACK TO THE BUBBLE FOR THE REAL THING.
HOW LONG WERE YOU IN THAT CHAIR? >> Gutter: A WHOLE WEEK, FROM 9:00 TO 5:00. >> Stahl: A WEEK?
>> Gutter: WE WERE THERE WITH BREAKS FOR LUNCH. AND-- BUT I WAS THERE FROM 9:00 TO 5:00 ANSWERING QUESTIONS--
>> Stahl: OH MY GOSH. IT TOOK SO LONG BECAUSE THEY ASKED HIM NEARLY 2,000 QUESTIONS.
THE IDEA WAS TO COVER EVERY CONCEIVABLE QUESTION ANYONE MIGHT EVER WANT TO ASK HIM. DID YOU HAVE TO LOOK EXACTLY THE
SAME? >> Gutter: I HAD TO WEAR THE SAME CLOTHES AND I HAD THREE PAIRS OF THE SAME JACKETS, THE
SAME SHIRTS, THE SAME TROUSERS, THE SAME SHOES. >> Stahl: PINCHAS CAN NOW BE SEEN, IN THOSE SHIRTS, TROUSERS,
AND SHOES, AT HOLOCAUST MUSEUMS IN DALLAS, INDIANA, AND HERE AT THE ILLINOIS HOLOCAUST MUSEUM IN SKOKIE, OUTSIDE CHICAGO, WHERE
VISITORS CAN ASK HIM THEIR OWN QUESTIONS. >> Girl: WHAT KEPT YOU GOING, OR WHAT GAVE YOU HOPE WHILE YOU
WERE EXPERIENCING HARDSHIP IN THE CAMPS? >> Gutter: WE DID HOPE THAT THE NAZIS WOULD LOSE THE WAR.
>> Stahl: PINCHAS'S IMAGE IS PROJECTED ONTO AN 11-FOOT HIGH SCREEN. >> Smith: WHAT WE SEE HERE...
>> Stahl: SMITH JOINED US TO EXPLAIN HOW THE TECHNOLOGY WORKS. >> Smith: SO WHAT'S HAPPENING
IS, ALL OF THE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS THAT PINCHAS GAVE GO INTO A DATABASE. AND WHEN YOU ASK A QUESTION, THE
ALGORITHM IS LOOKING THROUGH ALL OF THE DATABASE-- "DO I HAVE AN ANSWER TO THAT?" AND THEN IT'LL BRING BACK WHAT
IT THINKS IS THE CLOSEST ANSWER TO YOUR QUESTION. >> Stahl: I'M GOING TO TRY TALKING TO PINCHAS.
>> Smith: YES. >> Stahl: ALL RIGHT. DID YOU HAVE A HAPPY CHILDHOOD? >> Gutter: I HAD A VERY HAPPY
CHILDHOOD. MY PARENTS WERE WINEMAKERS. MY FATHER STARTED TEACHING ME TO BECOME A WINEMAKER WHEN I WAS
3.5 YEARS OLD. BY THE AGE OF FIVE, I COULD ALREADY READ AND I COULD ALREADY WRITE.
>> Stahl: WOW, YOU'RE VERY SMART. >> Gutter: THANK YOU. >> Stahl: I'VE NOTICED THERE'S A
LITTLE JIGGLE RIGHT BEFORE PINCHAS STARTS TO TALK. WHAT IS THAT? >> Smith: WHAT YOU'RE SEEING
HERE ISN'T A HUMAN BEING. IT'S VIDEO CLIPS THAT ARE-- THAT ARE BEING BUTTED UP TO EACH OTHER AND PLAYED.
AND AS IT SEARCHES AND BRINGS THE CLIP IN, YOU JUST-- YOU'RE SEEING A LITTLE BIT OF A JUMP CUT.
>> Stahl: THE JUMP CUTS STOPPED BEING DISTRACTING ONCE WE STARTED TALKING ABOUT THE FATE OF PINCHAS'S FAMILY.
TELL US WHAT HAPPENED WHEN YOU GOT TO THE CAMP. >> Gutter: AS SOON AS WE ARRIVED THERE, WE WERE BEING SEPARATED
INTO DIFFERENT GROUPS, AND MY SISTER WAS SOMEHOW PUSHED TOWARDS THE CHILDREN. AND I SAW HER, SHE MUST HAVE
SPOTTED MY MOTHER. SO SHE RAN TOWARDS MY MOTHER. I SAW MY MOTHER. AND SHE HUGGED HER.
AND SINCE THAT TIME, ALL I CAN REMEMBER WHENEVER I THINK OF MY SISTER IS HER LONG-- BIG, LONG, BLONDE BRAID.
>> Stahl: THAT WAS THE LAST TIME HE SAW HIS TWIN SISTER SABINA. HE LEARNED LATER THAT DAY THAT SHE AND BOTH HIS PARENTS HAD
BEEN KILLED IN THE GAS CHAMBERS. PINCHAS WAS ALONE AT AGE 11, PUT TO WORK AS A SLAVE LABORER. DID YOU EVER SEE ANYBODY KILLED?
>> Gutter: UNFORTUNATELY, I SAW MANY PEOPLE DIE IN FRONT OF MY EYES. >> Stahl: I WASN'T SURE HOW A
RECORDING WOULD HANDLE WHAT I WANTED TO ASK PINCHAS NEXT... HOW CAN YOU STILL HAVE FAITH IN GOD?
>> Gutter: HOW CAN YOU POSSIBLY NOT BELIEVE IN GOD? >> Stahl: WELL, HOW DID HE LET THIS HAPPEN?
>> Gutter: GOD GAVE HUMAN BEINGS THE KNOWLEDGE OF RIGHT AND WRONG AND HE ALLOWED THEM TO DO WHAT THEY WISHED ON THIS EARTH, TO
FIND THEIR OWN WAY. TO MY MIND, WHEN GOD SEES WHAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE UP TO, ESPECIALLY THINGS LIKE GENOCIDE,
HE WEEPS. >> Stahl: WOW. STEPHEN, I COULD ASK HIM QUESTIONS FOR TEN HOURS.
AND ON THE SCREEN-- >> Smith: YEAH. >> Stahl: WOW. SINCE PINCHAS GUTTER WAS FILMED,
THE SHOAH FOUNDATION HAS RECORDED INTERVIEWS WITH DOZENS MORE HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS, EACH FOR A FULL WEEK.
AND THEY'VE SHRUNK THE SET-UP REQUIRED, SO THEY CAN TAKE A MOBILE RIG ON THE ROAD TO RECORD SURVIVORS CLOSE TO WHERE THEY
LIVE. THEY'VE DELIBERATELY CHOSEN INTERVIEW SUBJECTS WITH ALL DIFFERENT WARTIME EXPERIENCES--
SURVIVORS OF AUSCHWITZ, HIDDEN CHILDREN, AND AS WE SAW LAST FALL IN NEW JERSEY... >> Alan Moskin: GOING TO HOOK ME
UP AGAIN, HUH? >> Tech: YUP. >> Stahl: 93-YEAR-OLD ALAN MOSKIN, WHO ISN'T A HOLOCAUST
SURVIVOR. HE WAS A LIBERATOR. >> Moskin: ENTERING THAT CAMP WAS THE MOST HORRIFIC SIGHT I'VE
EVER SEEN OR EVER HOPE TO SEE THE REST OF MY LIFE. >> Stahl: MOSKIN WAS AN 18-YEAR- OLD PRIVATE WHEN HIS ARMY UNIT
LIBERATED A LITTLE-KNOWN CONCENTRATION CAMP CALLED GUNSKIRCHEN. >> Moskin: THERE WAS A PILE OF
SKELETON-LIKE BODIES ON THE LEFT. THERE WAS ANOTHER PILE OF SKELETON-LIKE BODIES ON THE
RIGHT. "THOSE POOR SOULS." THAT'S THE TERM MY LIEUTENANT KEPT SCREAMING.
"OH MY GOD, LOOK AT THESE POOR SOULS." >> Stahl: EACH OF ALAN MOSKIN'S ANSWERS IS THEN ISOLATED BY A
TEAM OF RESEARCHERS AT THE SHOAH FOUNDATION OFFICE... >> Moskin: I REMEMBER THE EXPRESSION AND THE ATTITUDE OF
ALL OF US, "WHAT IN THE FREAK? WHAT IS THIS? GOD ALMIGHTY." >> Stahl: ...WHO ADD INTO THE
SYSTEM A VARIETY OF QUESTIONS PEOPLE MIGHT ASK TO TRIGGER THAT RESPONSE. >> Maio: FOR EVERY QUESTION THAT
WE ASKED, THERE ARE 15 DIFFERENT WAYS OF ASKING THE SAME QUESTION. >> Stahl: AND THAT'S FED IN?
>> Maio: AND THAT'S ALL MANUAL. >> Stahl: EDITORS ROTATE THE IMAGE, TURN THE GREEN SCREEN BACKGROUND INTO BLACK, AND THEN
A LONG PROCESS OF TESTING BEGINS, SOME OF IT IN SCHOOLS. >> Teacher: SO, MR. PINCHAS ON YOUR SCREEN...
>> Stahl: STUDENTS ARE ASKED TO TRY IT OUT, ASK WHATEVER QUESTIONS THEY WANT, AND SEE IF THE SYSTEM CALLS UP THE CORRECT
ANSWER. >> Boy: HOW DID YOU FIND OUT THAT YOUR CITY WAS GETTING INVADED BY GERMANY?
>> Boy: WOULD YOU EVER WANT TO SEEK REVENGE? >> Boy: HOW DID YOU FEEL ABOUT YOUR FAMILY?
>> Gutter: CAN YOU REPHRASE THAT, PLEASE? >> Stahl: EVERY QUESTION AND RESPONSE IS THEN REVIEWED.
>> Maio: WE LOG EVERY SINGLE QUESTION THAT'S ASKED OF THE SYSTEM, AND SEE IF THERE IS A BETTER RESPONSE THAT ADDRESSES
THAT QUESTION MORE DIRECTLY. >> Stahl: AS WE DISCOVERED, IT'S STILL A WORK IN PROGRESS. TELL US ABOUT YOUR FAMILY WHEN
YOU WERE A LITTLE BOY. >> Gutter: HOW ABOUT YOU ASK ME ABOUT LIFE AFTER THE WAR? >> Smith: SO, COUPLE OF THINGS
ABOUT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. IT IS MAINLY ARTIFICIAL AND NOT SO INTELLIGENT. >> Maio: JUST YET, FOR NOW.
>> Smith: BUT THE BEAUTY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS THAT IT DEVELOPS OVER TIME. SO WE AREN'T CHANGING THE
CONTENT. ALL THE ANSWERS REMAIN THE SAME. BUT OVER TIME, THE RANGE OF QUESTIONS THAT YOU CAN ASK WILL
BE ENHANCED CONSIDERABLY. >> Stahl: AND YOU HAD TO STAY SILENT? QUESTIONS TO DRAW OUT WHAT IT
WAS LIKE FOR AARON ELSTER HIDING IN THAT ATTIC 75 YEARS AGO. >> Elster: I USED TO PRAY TO GOD TO LET ME LIVE UNTIL I WAS 25.
I WANTED TO TASTE WHAT ADULTHOOD WOULD BE LIKE. >> Stahl: THE REST OF THAT CONVERSATION WITH AARON ELSTER,
AS WELL AS ONE WITH A SURVIVOR OF JOSEF MENGELE'S INFAMOUS TWIN EXPERIMENTS AT AUSCHWITZ, WHEN WE COME BACK.
>> Elster: SO, AM I A LUCKY GUY? YES, I AM. ( TICKING ) >> Stahl: THE WHOLE POINT OF THE
SHOAH FOUNDATION'S PROJECT IS TO ALLOW MEANINGFUL CONVERSATIONS WITH HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS TO CONTINUE EVEN AFTER THE
SURVIVORS THEMSELVES ARE GONE. AND, OF THE MORE THAN 50 MEN AND WOMEN WHO'VE PARTICIPATED SO FAR, SIX HAVE PASSED AWAY
ALREADY. TONIGHT, WE WANTED TO SHARE CONVERSATIONS WITH TWO OF THEM-- CONVERSATIONS THAT, AT TIMES,
FELT SO NORMAL WE COULD ALMOST FORGET WE WERE TALKING TO THE DIGITAL IMAGE OF SOMEONE WHO WAS NO LONGER LIVING.
FIRST, A SPUNKY, 4'9" WOMAN NAMED EVA KOR-- AN IDENTICAL TWIN WHO, TOGETHER WITH HER SISTER, SURVIVED AUSCHWITZ AND
THE NOTORIOUS EXPERIMENTS OF DR. JOSEF MENGELE. EVA KOR SPENT HER LIFE AFTER THE WAR IN TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA.
SHE DIED LAST SUMMER AT THE AGE OF 85. HI, EVA. HOW ARE YOU TODAY?
>> Eva Kor: I'M FINE, AND HOW ARE YOU? >> Stahl: I'M GOOD. IT FELT NATURAL TO ANSWER HER
QUESTION BEFORE POSING MY OWN. SO, HOW OLD WERE YOU WHEN YOU WENT TO AUSCHWITZ? >> Kor: WHEN I ARRIVED IN
AUSCHWITZ, I WAS TEN YEARS OLD. AND I STAYED IN AUSCHWITZ UNTIL LIBERATION, WHICH WAS ABOUT NINE MONTHS LATER WHEN WE WERE
LIBERATED. >> Smith: SO WE MADE A LITTLE ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT THE FACT WE WERE STARTING THIS PROJECT.
I GET A CALL THE NEXT DAY FROM A LADY CALLED EVA KOR. I DIDN'T KNOW HER AT THAT POINT IN TIME.
AND SHE SAYS, "I WANT TO BE ONE OF THOSE 3-D INTERVIEWS." >> Maio: "I WANT TO BE A HOLOGRAM."
>> Smith: "--A HOLOGRAM." I WANT TO BE A HOLOGRAM. >> Stahl: STEPHEN SMITH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE U.S.C.
SHOAH FOUNDATION, AND HIS WIFE AND COLLEAGUE HEATHER MAIO SMITH, WERE RUNNING THE PROJECT. >> Smith: I SAID, "WELL, I'M
TRAVELING, I'M VERY SORRY." "WHERE'RE YOU GOING?" "OH, WELL, I'VE GOT TO GO TO NEW YORK.
I'M GOING TO D.C." "WHEN ARE YOU GOING TO GO TO D.C.? I'M GOING TO D.C."
TURNS OUT WE WERE GOING TO THE SAME EVENT IN D.C. I ARRIVE AT MY HOTEL, SHE'S SITTING IN THE LOBBY, WAITING
FOR ME. >> Stahl: WHEN EVA, ON THE RIGHT, AND HER TWIN SISTER MIRIAM ARRIVED AT AUSCHWITZ,
THEY WERE PULLED AWAY FROM THEIR PARENTS AND OLDER SISTERS AND TAKEN TO A BARRACK FULL OF TWINS.
THEY NEVER SAW THEIR FAMILY AGAIN. "60 MINUTES" REPORTED ON MENGELE'S TWIN EXPERIMENTS IN A
STORY BACK IN 1992, AND WE ACTUALLY INTERVIEWED THE LIVING EVA KOR AT HER HOME IN TERRE HAUTE.
EVA TOLD US THEN ABOUT BECOMING EXTREMELY SICK AFTER AN INJECTION. >> Kor: MENGELE CAME IN EVERY
MORNING AND EVERY EVENING, WITH FOUR OTHER DOCTORS, AND HE DECLARED, VERY SARCASTICALLY, LAUGHING, "TOO BAD.
SHE'S SO YOUNG. SHE HAS ONLY TWO WEEKS TO LIVE." WHEN I HEARD THAT, I KNEW HE WAS RIGHT AND I IMMEDIATELY MADE A
SIENT PLEDGE THAT I WOULD PROVE YOU, DR. MENGELE, WRONG. >> Stahl: IMAGINE PICKING UP A CONVERSATION ALMOST 30 YEARS
LATER-- AND AFTER EVA'S DEATH. EVA, TELL US ABOUT DR. MENGELE. WHAT WAS HE LIKE? >> Kor: HE HAD A GORGEOUS FACE,
A MOVIE STAR FACE, AND VERY PLEASANT, ACTUALLY. DARK HAIR, DARK EYES. WHEN I LOOKED INTO HIS EYES, I
COULD SEE NOTHING BUT EVIL. PEOPLE SAY THAT THE EYES ARE THE CENTER OF THE SOUL, AND IN MENGELE'S CASE, THAT WAS
CORRECT. >> Stahl: EVA AND MIRIAM ARE VISIBLE IN FOOTAGE TAKEN BY THE SOVIET FORCES THAT LIBERATED
AUSCHWITZ 77 YEARS AGO. THEY WENT BACK TO THE CAMP MANY TIMES; EVA CONTINUING TO GO EVEN AFTER MIRIAM'S DEATH IN 1993.
>> BECAUSE THE TRAIN CAME ON THAT DIRECTION. >> Stahl: IT WAS ON ONE OF THOSE VISITS THAT EVA MADE A STUNNING
ANNOUNCEMENT: >> Kor: I, EVA MOSES KOR... >> Stahl: THAT SHE HAD DECIDED TO FORGIVE HER NAZI CAPTORS.
>> Kor: ...HEREBY GIVE AMNESTY TO ALL NAZIS WHO PARTICIPATED... >> Stahl: SHE CAME UNDER BLISTERING ATTACK FROM OTHER
SURVIVORS. HOW CAN YOU FORGIVE? HOW IS THAT POSSIBLE? >> Kor: MY FORGIVENESS DOES NOT
MEAN THAT I FORGET WHAT HAPPENED, WHICH IS IMPOSSIBLE. MY FORGIVENESS IS AN ACT OF SELF-HEALING, SELF-LIBERATION,
AND SELF-EMPOWERMENT. >> Stahl: ARE YOU ABLE TO FORGIVE, AARON? >> Elster: I CANNOT FORGIVE.
>> Stahl: AARON ELSTER DISAGREES. >> Elster: FOR THEM TO GET FORGIVENESS, THEY HAVE TO ASK MY
LITTLE SISTER, SARAH, WHOM THEY BRUTALLY MURDERED. I HAVE NO RIGHT TO FORGIVE, AND I WILL NOT FORGIVE.
>> Smith: WHAT'S IMPORTANT FOR ME IN THIS PROJECT IS THAT WE HAVE HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS WHO HAVE DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW
ABOUT GOD AND RELIGION AND FAITH AND FORGIVENESS. AND THAT'S WHAT THIS PROJECT WILL ALLOW US TO DO.
>> Stahl: AARON ELSTER, UNLIKE MANY HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS, NEVER SPENT TIME IN A CONCENTRATION CAMP.
AS JEWS WERE BEING ROUNDED UP IN HIS TOWN'S MARKETPLACE AND SENT TO TREBLINKA, HIS FATHER TOLD HIM TO RUN.
HE WAS NINE YEARS OLD. >> Elster: AND I MANAGED TO CRAWL INTO THE SEWER THAT RAN ALONG THE MARKETPLACE, THE
STREET, AND KEPT CRAWLING UNTIL I FELT I WAS OUT OF SIGHT, STOOD UP AND STARTED RUNNING. >> Stahl: HE MADE IT TO THE
BUILDING OF AN OLDER POLISH COUPLE NAMED THE GURSKIS, WHO'D BEEN CUSTOMERS AT HIS FAMILY'S BUTCHER SHOP.
>> Maio: HE SHOWS UP. AND SHE DIDN'T WANT TO TAKE HIM. HE STARTED CRYING. AND THEN SHE LED HIM UPSTAIRS.
>> Stahl: AARON, HOW LONG DID YOU STAY IN THE ATTIC? >> Elster: I LIVED IN THAT ATTIC FOR CLOSE TO TWO YEARS.
>> Stahl: TWO YEARS, WITH JUST ONE VISIT A DAY TO BRING FOOD AND WATER. WHAT WAS IT LIKE IN THE ATTIC?
>> Elster: OH, THERE'S SO MANY THINGS THAT I REMEMBER. THE HUNGER, THE FEAR, THE ABSOLUTE, TOTAL LONELINESS.
WHAT DO YOU DO ALL DAY? YOU'RE SITTING THERE. I USED TO CATCH FLIES, OUT OF DESPERATION, AND TEAR THEIR
WINGS OFF, SO THEY WOULDN'T FLY AWAY, SO I HAD THEM THERE. >> Stahl: HOW DID YOU SURVIVE? HOW DID YOU SURVIVE IN THAT
ATTIC? >> Elster: I HAD THE ABILITY TO DAYDREAM. I USED TO WRITE NOVELS IN MY
HEAD. I WAS THE HERO ALL THE TIME. AND WE HAVE THAT ABILITY-- TO EITHER GIVE IN TO OUR MISERY AND
OUR PAIN AND DIE, OR ABSORB THE PHYSICAL PAIN BY KEEP YOUR MENTALITY, KEEP YOUR SOUL, KEEP YOUR MIND.
SO, WAS I BORED? WAS I SCARED? WAS I IN NEED OF SOMEBODY TO ACCEPT ME OR TO TELL ME THAT I'M
OKAY, THAT I'M A NICE KID? SURE. BUT THAT WAS NOT PART OF MY LIFE.
>> Smith: WE GOT A PHONE CALL TO SAY THAT AARON ELSTER HAD SUDDENLY PASSED AWAY. I WAS AT A CONFERENCE AT THAT
TIME. SO THE NEXT MORNING, I WENT INTO THE-- LITTLE ROOM THAT WE HAD, AND I TURNED ON AARON ELSTER'S
TESTIMONY. AND I REALIZED I WAS GOING TO BE THE FIRST PERSON EVER TO CLICK THAT LITTLE BUTTON AND ASK A
QUESTION OF SOMEBODY WHO WAS NO LONGER ALIVE. AND FOR THE NEXT SIX HOURS, PEOPLE CAME IN AND OUT OF THAT
ROOM. HIS FUNERAL HAD NOT YET TAKEN PLACE, AND YET THE LEGACY WAS ALREADY CONTINUING.
AND IT WAS A VERY POWERFUL AND TOUCHING MOMENT. >> Maio: YOU'RE GOOD. YOU'RE DOING GREAT.
>> Stahl: A TOUCHING MOMENT THAT MAY SOON BE AVAILABLE TO OTHERS BEYOND THE COMMUNITY OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS.
>> Maio: THEY'RE GOING TO COME IN, AND THEY'RE GOING TO HAVE YOU LOOK. >> Stahl: HEATHER MAIO SMITH
SAYS, IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING AND TESTING THIS TECHNOLOGY, SHE WAS BARRAGED WITH INQUIRIES.
>> Maio: THERE WASN'T ONE PERSON-- LITERALLY, NOT ONE-- THAT DIDN'T ASK ME IF THEY COULD DO A SIMILAR INTERVIEW WITH
EITHER A LOVED ONE, OR FOR THEMSELVES. >> Stahl: UNRELATED TO THE HOLOCAUST?
>> Maio: UNRELATED, COMPLETELY UNRELATED. "CAN I DO THIS WITH SOMEONE THAT I KNOW?"
>> Stahl: WHAT'S THE ANSWER? >> Maio: YES. >> Stahl: SHE HAS STARTED AN INDEPENDENT COMPANY THAT IS
TRYING TO EXPAND THE USE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY. >> I WAS AN ASTRONAUT FOR NASA. >> Stahl: ...RECORDING
INTERVIEWS WITH OTHER HISTORICAL FIGURES LIKE ASTRONAUTS, AND EVENTUALLY, WITH ANYONE AT ALL. >> Maio: WHAT UNIT WERE YOU IN?
>> Stahl: SO DO YOU THINK THAT THIS IS JUST GOING TO BE A TOOL THAT PEOPLE WILL USE? EVERYBODY WILL BE RECORDING
THEIR HISTORIES-- >> Maio: INTERACTIVELY. >> Stahl: --AND OTHER PEOPLE CAN INTERVIEW THEM?
>> Maio: UH-HUH. >> Stahl: IT'LL JUST BE LIFE? >> Maio: YEAH. >> WE'RE GOING TO GO AHEAD AND
GET STARTED. >> Stahl: FOR NOW, THOUGH, THE RACE IS ON TO CAPTURE INTERVIEWS WITH AS MANY HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS
AS POSSIBLE WHILE THERE'S STILL TIME, SO THE CONVERSATIONS CAN CONTINUE, ALWAYS, WITH PEOPLE LIKE AARON ELSTER.
DO YOU WANT REVENGE? >> Elster: WHEN I WAS A YOUNGSTER, I WANTED REVENGE VERY, VERY, VERY MUCH.
AND I HATED. I HATED. BUT MOST OF THE PERPETRATORS, MOST OF THE KILLERS ARE DEAD.
SO WHO AM I GOING TO HATE? THE GRANDCHILDREN THAT HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH? IT'S NOT RIGHT.
REVENGE IS NOT PART OF MY LIFE, NOT PART OF MY THINKING. >> Stahl: YOU KNOW, HERE YOU HAVE THESE PEOPLE WHO WERE
BASICALLY DESTINED TO BE ANNIHILATED. THAT THEY SURVIVED IS THE MIRACLE.
BUT THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO BE MURDERED, KILLED. AND NOW THEY HAVE IMMORTALITY. >> Smith: THEY WERE NOT SUPPOSED
TO HAVE A NAME. THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO BE DESTROYED FOR ALL TIME. AND NOW, THROUGH THIS PROGRAM,
THEY WILL BE ABLE TO CONTINUE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS HUNDREDS OF YEARS AFTER THE NAZIS HAVE GONE. >> Stahl: IT'S THAT "NEVER
FORGET." >> Smith: WE'VE HAD A LOT OF CLICHEEÉS AROUND THE HOLOCAUST. YOU KNOW, "NEVER AGAIN, NEVER
FORGET, WE MUST REMEMBER," ALL THIS SORT OF THING. WHAT THIS DOES, IT MAKES SURE THAT THERE ISN'T CLOSURE,
BECAUSE IT'S NOT ABOUT A STATEMENT. IT'S NOT ABOUT A PARTICULAR THING THAT'S BEING INSTRUCTED OF
YOU. THE ONUS IS ON YOU TO ASK THE QUESTIONS. THE ONUS IS ON YOU TO BE
CURIOUS, AND TO WANT TO KNOW. AND SO, IN A SENSE, IT TURNS THE LEARNING ON ITS HEAD AND SAYS, "I'M NOT GOING TO TELL YOU WHAT
THE LESSONS OF THE HOLOCAUST ARE. I'M NOT GOING TO TELL YOU WHAT THE HOLOCAUST MEANS.
BUT IF YOU WANT TO FIND OUT, THEN YOU CAN ASK." >> Gutter: IT'S SO TERRIBLY IMPORTANT.
>> Stahl: SO THERE WE WERE, AT A SPECIAL MOMENT IN TIME WHEN THE LIVING PINCHAS GUTTER COULD TALK TO THE ONE WHO WILL LIVE
FOREVER. WOULD YOU ASK YOU A QUESTION FOR US? >> Gutter: I WILL ASK THE ONE
WHICH IS MY FAVORITE. >> Stahl: OKAY. >> Gutter: CAN YOU SING ME A SONG FROM YOUR YOUTH?
YOU WANT ME TO SING IT FOR YOU? YES, PLEASE. ♪ ♪ ♪ ( SINGING IN POLISH )
♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> Stahl: WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? WHAT IS THE SONG?
IS IT A HAPPY SONG? >> Gutter: YEAH, WELL, IT'S A HAPPY SONG. IT'S LIKE A BROTHER AND A
SISTER-- WHICH, OF COURSE, MY TWIN SISTER-- ARE TRAVELING IN THE WOODS OR ON THE-- ON THE ROAD, AND THEY CAN'T GET OVER
HOW BEAUTIFUL THE WORLD IS. >> Stahl: OH MY GOD. ♪ ♪ ♪ ( SINGING IN POLISH )
♪ ♪ ♪ ( TIC
( TICKING ) >> Stahl: ON JANUARY 6 LAST YEAR, WHEN AN ANGRY MOB TRIED AND FAILED TO STOP CONGRESS FROM
CERTIFYING THE 2020 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, THE INSURRECTION'S ONLY SUCCESS WAS TO FURTHER POLARIZE A COUNTRY ALREADY
DIVIDED. THIS PAST JANUARY, NORAH O'DONNELL INTRODUCED US TO SOMEONE ATTEMPTING TO BRIDGE
THAT DIVIDE. DAVE ISAY HAS CREATED A PROGRAM CALLED “ONE SMALL STEP” TO GET AMERICANS FROM ACROSS THE
POLITICAL SPECTRUM TO STOP DEMONIZING ONE ANOTHER AND START COMMUNICATING FACE TO FACE, ONE CONVERSATION AT A TIME.“
ONE SMALL STEP” GREW OUT OF“ STORYCORPS," THE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT DAVE ISAY FOUNDED 18 YEARS AGO.
IT HAS TAPED MORE THAN HALF A MILLION AMERICANS TELLING THEIR STORIES, TO BECOME THE LARGEST SINGLE COLLECTION OF HUMAN
VOICES EVER RECORDED, WITH ONE AIM AT ITS CORE. >> Dave Isay: WHAT IF WE JUST GIVE THE ENTIRE COUNTRY THE
CHANCE TO BE LISTENED TO AND HAVE A CHANCE TO TALK ABOUT, YOU KNOW, WHO THEY ARE? >> Norah O'Donnell: DO YOU THINK
PART OF THE PROBLEM WE'RE HAVING IN AMERICA IS THAT PEOPLE ARE SO ANGRY BECAUSE THEY DON'T FEEL LIKE ANYBODY'S LISTENING TO
THEM? >> Isay: YEAH. I THINK PEOPLE FEEL-- PEOPLE FEEL MISUNDERSTOOD AND JUDGED
AND UNHEARD. YOU KNOW, NOBODY HAS EVER, IN THE-- IN THE HISTORY OF HUMANITY, NO-- NOBODY'S EVER
CHANGED THEIR MIND BECAUSE-- BY BEING CALLED AN IDIOT OR A MORON OR A SNOWFLAKE. BUT, YOU KNOW, MANY MINDS HAVE
BEEN CHANGED BY BEING LISTENED TO, BY CONVERSATION, BEING TOLD THAT THEY'RE LOVED. >> O'Donnell: SOMETHING THAT WE
WOULD ALL CONSIDER MAYBE SO SIMPLE IS SO POWERFUL. >> Isay: YEAH, BEING TOLD THAT, ALL OF OUR STORIES MATTER
EQUALLY AND INFINITELY, IS-- YOU KNOW, IS-- IS SOMETHING EVERYONE NEEDS TO HEAR. >> O'Donnell: DAVE ISAY SEEMS TO
ALWAYS BE LISTENING, ALWAYS TAKING NOTES, EVEN DURING OUR INTERVIEW. HE TOLD US JOURNALISM SHOULD BE
A PUBLIC SERVICE, AND NOW HOPES THAT "ONE SMALL STEP" CAN HELP END WHAT HE CALLS THE "CULTURE OF CONTEMPT" THAT IS TEARING
APART THE COUNTRY. >> Isay: THE SITUATION IS SO BAD THAT, YOU KNOW, IF-- IF THE CULTURE OF CONTEMPT WINS--
THINGS ARE JUST NOT GOING TO END WELL FOR THE UNITED STATES. >> O'Donnell: WHAT'S FUELING THE CULTURE OF CONTEMPT?
>> Isay: IT'S MEDIA. IT'S SOCIAL MEDIA. I MEAN, THERE'S A MULTI-MULTI- MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR HATE
INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, WHERE PEOPLE-- YOU KNOW, CAN MAKE MONEY BY MAKING US HATE AND FEAR EACH OTHER.
IT'S A LITTLE BIT OF A DAVID AND GOLIATH FIGHT HERE. >> O'Donnell: LONG BEFORE HE STARTED STORYCORPS AND "ONE
SMALL STEP," DAVE ISAY FOUGHT TO TELL STORIES OF THE FORGOTTEN BY MAKING RADIO DOCUMENTARIES IN FLOPHOUSES, COAL MINES, AND
PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECTS. >> Isay: I NEED YOU GUYS FROM HERE ON IN TO BE, LIKE, REALLY ON TOP OF STUFF.
>> O'Donnell: HE FIRST APPEARED ON "60 MINUTES" NEARLY 25 YEARS AGO, IN A STORY WITH LESLEY STAHL ABOUT TWO TEENAGERS FROM
CHICAGO WHO MADE THEIR OWN DOCUMENTARY WITH HIS HELP. THE PAIR WON A PEABODY AWARD, ONE OF THE HIGHEST HONORS IN
BROADCASTING. >> Teenager: THANK YOU. >> O'Donnell: IN 2003, HE GOT THE IDEA FOR STORYCORPS.
>> Isay: EVERYBODY-- MY FAMILY, EVERYBODY, THOUGHT IT WAS ABSOLUTELY INSANE. YOU KNOW, WE-- ( LAUGHTER )
WE STARTED WITH A BOOTH IN GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL. AND IT'S A VERY SIMPLE IDEA. YOU COME TO THE BOOTH WITH YOUR
GRANDMOTHER, WITH ANYONE WHO YOU WANT TO HONOR BY LISTENING TO THEM. SO PEOPLE THINK OF IT AS, "IF I
HAD 40 MINUTES LEFT TO LIVE, WHAT WOULD I SAY TO THIS PERSON WHO MEANS SO MUCH TO ME?" >> O'Donnell: TO ATTRACT PEOPLE,
HE REACHED OUT TO THE PEOPLE'S LIBRARY-- SPECIFICALLY THE DIRECTOR OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS' AMERICAN FOLKLIFE
CENTER. >> Isay: AND I SAID, "I'M GOING TO TRY AND RECORD THE WHOLE COUNTRY.
WILL YOU ACCEPT THE MATERIAL?" AND SHE SAID THOSE MAGICAL THREE LETTERS, "YES." ( LAUGHS )
AND THAT WAS IT. AND HERE WE ARE. >> O'Donnell: THE STORYCORPS ARCHIVE IS IN GOOD COMPANY AT
WHAT IS THE LARGEST LIBRARY IN THE WORLD. OTHER TREASURES HERE INCLUDE A RARE GUTENBERG BIBLE, AS WELL AS
A DRAFT OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE HANDWRITTEN BY THOMAS JEFFERSON, AND A PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF PRESIDENT
LINCOLN'S EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. DR. CARLA HAYDEN SERVES AS THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS.
UNTIL RECENTLY IT WAS A LIFETIME APPOINTMENT, SO ONLY 14 PEOPLE HAVE HELD THE JOB SINCE 1802. HOW DOES HAVING STORYCORPS HERE
FIT INTO YOUR VISION FOR THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS? >> Dr. Carla Hayden: STORYCORPS IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF ADDING
HISTORY AND CONTEXT AND THE INDIVIDUALS WHO MAKE HISTORY. NOT JUST THE ONES THAT WE SEE ON THE NEWS, BUT THE PEOPLE WHO ARE
PART OF THE FABRIC OF OUR AMERICAN LIFE. THE EVERYDAY PEOPLE-- WHAT DID THEY FEEL, WHAT DO THEY BELIEVE?
>> O'Donnell: TO TRY TO FIND OUT, STORYCORPS ROLLED OUT A MOBILE BOOTH IN 2005 TO TRAVEL THE COUNTRY.
THEY ALSO LAUNCHED PARTNERSHIPS AND STORY COLLECTION PROGRAMS IN MULTIPLE AMERICAN CITIES. >> Isay: THIS IS DAVE ISAY,
FOUNDER OF STORYCORPS. >> O'Donnell: WHEN THE PANDEMIC HIT, THEY CREATED A NEW WAY FOR PEOPLE TO SUBMIT STORIES ONLINE.
>> Isay: SHARE YOUR INTERVIEW FAR AND WIDE, AND KNOW THAT SOMEDAY, FUTURE GENERATIONS WILL BE LISTENING.
>> O'Donnell: EVERY FRIDAY, FOR THE LAST 16 YEARS, NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO SENDS ONE STORY INTO THE HOMES, HEADPHONES, AND
CARS OF SIX MILLION PEOPLE. >> Steve Inskeep: HEY, IT'S FRIDAY, WHICH IS WHEN WE HEAR FROM STORYCORPS.
>> O'Donnell: WE WERE RECENTLY AT NPR'S WASHINGTON STUDIO TO HEAR "MORNING EDITION" HOST STEVE INSKEEP INTRODUCE THE
STORY OF MIGUEL ENCINIAS, A DECORATED FIGHTER PILOT WHO PASSED AWAY IN 2016 AT THE AGE OF 92.
>> Inskeep: HE SERVED AS A U.S. MILITARY PILOT IN WORLD WAR II AND KOREA AND VIETNAM. TWO OF HIS CHILDREN, ISABEL AND
JUAN PABLO ENCINIAS, CAME TO STORYCORPS TO REMEMBER HIM. >> Isabel Encinias: WHEN I WAS LITTLE, I REMEMBER HIM FLYING IN
HIS FIGHTER JET AND US WAITING FOR HIM ON THE TARMAC AND THINKING, "OH MY GOD, WHAT A HERO MY FATHER IS."
>> Juan-Pablo Encinias: AS HE GOT OLDER, HE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH DEMENTIA. BUT EVEN AT THE END, WHEN HE
COGNITIVELY WASN'T ALL THERE, HE WOULD HEAR A PLANE AND JUST LOOK UP AND STARE AT IT IN THE SKY. AND YOU COULD TELL THAT HE JUST
WANTED TO BE UP IN THAT PLANE WITH EVERY OUNCE OF HIS BEING. >> Isabel Encinias: MAYBE HE'S LISTENING TO US SOMEWHERE UP
THERE. ( LAUGHS ) >> Juan-Pablo Encinias: I HOPE SO.
>> Isay: SOMETIMES, IN AN INTERVIEW, YOU CAN ALMOST SEE SPARKS FLYING OUT OF SOMEONE'S MOUTH.
THERE'S-- THERE'S JUST THIS KIND OF MAGNIFICENCE AND GRACE TO THE STORY. AND THOSE ARE THE ONES WHERE YOU
JUST-- IT-- IT ALMOST DEMANDS TO BE SHARED WITH A LARGER AUDIENCE. >> O'Donnell: IN 2010,
STORYCORPS BEGAN TO ANIMATE CONVERSATIONS TO BE VIEWED BY NEW AUDIENCES ONLINE, LIKE THIS ONE, RECORDED IN MISSISSIPPI,
BETWEEN ALBERT SYKES AND HIS NINE-YEAR-OLD SON AIDAN. >> Aidan Sykes: ARE YOU PROUD OF ME?
>> Albert Sykes: OF COURSE. YOU MY MAN. I-- I JUST LOVE EVERYTHING ABOUT YOU, PERIOD.
>> Aidan Sykes: THE THING I LOVE ABOUT YOU-- YOU NEVER GIVE UP ON ME. THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS I WILL
ALWAYS REMEMBER ABOUT MY DAD. >> O'Donnell: HAVE YOU THOUGHT ABOUT SELLING KLEENEXES? ( LAUGHS )
YU COULD MAKE A LOT OF MONEY. >> Isay: WE'VE ALWAYS WANTED TO GET KLEENEX AS A SPONSOR, BUT THEY'VE NEVER AGREED.
( LAUGHS ) >> O'Donnell: ONLY A TINY FRACTION OF STORYCORPS' HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF STORIES EVER
MAKE IT ONTO THE RADIO. THEY'RE SELECTED BY STORYCORPS' FACILITATORS, WHO MAKE UP THE ACTUAL CORPS OF STORYCORPS.
>> Facilitator: ONCE I PRESS RECORD, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE YOU INTRODUCE YOURSELVES. >> O'Donnell: FACILITATORS ARE
TRAINED IN BOTH THE ART AND THE TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF STORY COLLECTION. >> Facilitator: WONDERFUL.
>> O'Donnell: JASON REYNOLDS SERVES ON STORYCORPS' BOARD OF DIRECTORS. HE'S ALSO ONE OF THE MOST
POPULAR AND CELEBRATED YOUNG ADULT AUTHORS IN THE COUNTRY. 16 YEARS AGO, FRESH OUT OF COLLEGE, HE WAS A FACILITATOR
WHO CONDUCTED CLOSE TO 300 STORYCORPS SESSIONS OVER 18 MONTHS. >> Jason Reynolds: I FELT LIKE I
WAS PRIVY TO SOMETHING SPECIAL, SOMETHING SACRED, YOU KNOW, AND SOMETHING THAT WOULD LAST FOREVER.
YOU KNOW, AND NO ONE WOULD KNOW THAT I'M IN THE ROOM, RIGHT? BUT I WAS IN THE ROOM FOR SOME OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL TALES I'VE
EVER HEARD. >> O'Donnell: SO IT SOUNDS LIKE WHAT YOU HEARD IN THE BOOTH IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT PEOPLE
MAY HEAR ON THE RADIO? >> Reynolds: ABSOLUTELY. SOMETIMES YOU CAN ALMOST HEAR THE ANXIETY OF IT ALL.
AND OTHER TIMES, YOU CAN HEAR-- THE GENTLE TENDERNESS OF HUMAN BEINGS. >> Isay: I THINK STORYCORPS AND
THE FACILITATORS, THEY GET TO SEE, YOU KNOW, WHO WE REALLY ARE AS AMERICANS, AND IT'S NOT WHAT YOU SEE ON 24-HOUR NEWS.
>> O'Donnell: AROUND THE TIME OF THE 2016 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, DAVE ISAY SAYS HE GOT THE IDEA FOR A NEW KIND OF STORYCORPS
THAT COULD PERHAPS HELP UNITE A COUNTRY BECOMING INCREASINGLY DIVIDED. HE DECIDED TO CALL IT "ONE SMALL
STEP." WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGULAR STORYCORPS AND ONE SMALL STEP?
>> Isay: SO, EVERY REGULAR STORYCORPS INTERVIEW ARE PEOPLE WHO KNOW AND LOVE EACH OTHER. AND EVERY ONE SMALL STEP
INTERVIEW ARE STRANGERS. AND IN THE CASE OF ONE SMALL STEP, IT'S PEOPLE WHO ARE ACROSS THE POLITICAL DIVIDE.
>> Facilitator: SO, AFTER YOU READ EACH OTHER'S BIOS, I'M GOING TO ASK, WHY DID YOU WANT TO DO THE INTERVIEW TODAY?
>> Isay: SO, WE MATCH STRANGERS WHO DISAGREE POLITICALLY, TO PUT THEM FACE-TO-FACE FOR 50 MINUTES.
IT'S NOT TO TALK ABOUT POLITICS; IT'S JUST TO TALK ABOUT YOUR LIVES. >> O'Donnell: FACILITATORS BEGIN
BY ASKING THE PARTICIPANTS TO READ ONE ANOTHER'S BIOGRAPHY OUT LOUD, AS IN THIS RECENT SESSION IN RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
THE PROJECT TRIES TO MATCH PEOPLE WHO MAY BE FROM DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES, BUT HAVE SOMETHING ELSE IN COMMON.
>> Brenda Brown-Grooms: "HI. I GREW UP AS AN ARMY BRAT AND-- AND EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN, SURROUNDED BY A VERY POWERFUL
IDEOLOGY OF CONSERVATISM, PATRIOTISM, AND RELIGION." >> Nicole Unice: "I AM A BAPTIST PASTOR AND PERFORMANCE ARTIST, A
NATIVE CHARLOTTESVILLIAN, GRADUATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, AND UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK CITY."
>> O'Donnell: PARTICIPANTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO FOCUS ON WHAT THEY SHARE. >> Brown-Grooms: WE'RE PASTORS,
AND WE'RE-- WE-- WE'RE HELPING PEOPLE TO FIND THEIR PATH AND FIND THEIR VOICE. >> Unice: OH, BRENDA, I LOVE
WHAT YOU JUST SAID ABOUT HELPING PEOPLE FIND THEIR PATH, BECAUSE I FEEL SUCH A CONNECTION THERE. >> O'Donnell: THE FORMAT IS
DERIVED FROM A PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPT DEVELOPED IN THE 1950s CALLED CONTACT THEORY. >> Isay: WHICH SAYS THAT WHEN
YOU HAVE TWO PEOPLE WHO ARE ENEMIES, AND YOU PUT THEM FACE- TO-FACE UNDER VERY, VERY SPECIFIC CONDITIONS-- AND THEY
HAVE A CONVERSATION AND A KIND OF VISCERAL, EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH EACH OTHER, THAT HATE CAN MELT AWAY.
AND PEOPLE CAN SEE EACH OTHER IN A NEW WAY. >> Unice: I'M HERE BECAUSE I THOUGHT, "I WANT TO BE A PART OF
A BETTER WORLD FOR OUR CHILDREN AND OUR GRANDCHILDREN." >> Brown-Grooms: YEAH. YEAH.
I CAN'T SAVE THE WHOLE WORLD, BUT I CAN DO MY PART WHERE I AM. AND, DAGNABBIT, I'M GOING TO. ( LAUGHS )
>> O'Donnell: ONE SMALL STEP JUST CROSSED THE NOT-SO-SMALL MILESTONE OF COMPLETING 1,000 SESSIONS, AND THERE ARE OVER
6,000 PEOPLE ON THE WAITING LIST. >> Isay: SO, I'M JUST GOING TO GIVE YOU A QUICK RUNDOWN ON
WHAT'S BEEN GOING ON WITH ONE SMALL STEP SINCE WE LAST SPOKE. >> O'Donnell: ONCE A MONTH, DAVE ISAY MEETS WITH WHAT HE CALLS
ONE SMALL STEP'S BRAIN-TRUST. IT INCLUDES SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PROFESSORS FROM YALE AND COLUMBIA, FORMER POLITICAL
ADVISERS FROM BOTH THE RIGHT AND THE LEFT... >> Member: I LIKE HOW YOU CAN'T TELL WHO'S A DEMOCRAT AND WHO'S
A REPUBLICAN. >> O'Donnell: ...AND POLLSTERS WHO'VE FOUND DATA TO SUPPORT THE IDEA THAT THERE IS AN "EXHAUSTED
MAJORITY" IN AMERICA. >> Isay: THEY'RETIRED, THEY'RE SCARED, THEY'RE SICK OF THE DIVISION, AND THEY WANT TO
FIGURE OUT A WAY OUT. AND WE'VE GOT TO FIGURE OUT-- WE'VE GOT TO GIVE THEM A WAY OUT.
>> O'Donnell: DAVE ISAY MAKES IT A POINT TO VENTURE OUTSIDE OF STORYCORPS' HOME TURF ON NPR TO INCREASE THE PROJECT'S REACH.
>> Tucker Carlson: I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT YOUR POLITICS ARE, WHICH IS ONE OF THE REASONS I LIKE YOU SO MUCH, BECAUSE I
DON'T THINK YOU ARE PRIMARILY POLITICAL. YOU ARE REALLY INTERESTED IN BRINGING PEOPLE TOGETHER.
>> O'Donnell: YOU ACTIVELY SEEK OUT MEDIA OUTLETS THAT APPEAL TO CONSERVATIVES? >> Isay: YES.
>> O'Donnell: LIKE TUCKER CARLSON, GLENN BECK. >> Isay: YEAH. YOU KNOW, I THINK WHAT MAKES ONE
SMALL STEP SPECIAL IS THAT ALL OF US BELIEVE IN EVERY CELL OF OUR BODY THAT THERE IS A FLAME OF GOOD IN YOU, WHETHER YOU'RE
LIBERAL OR WHETHER YOU'RE CONSERVATIVE. AND OUR JOB IS TO FAN THAT FLAME UNTIL IT BECOMES A ROARING FIRE.
>> Reynolds: I TAKE MY HAT OFF TO DAVE. I THINK-- I THINK, ONCE MORE, HE'S PROVING THAT, LIKE, HE--
HE-- HE'S WILLING TO WALK THE WALK. >> O'Donnell: WHEN YOU HEARD ABOUT THE ONE SMALL STEP
INITIATIVE, WHAT DID YOU THINK? >> Reynolds: IT IS VERY, VERY DIFFICULT FOR US TO HATE ONE ANOTHER WHEN I'M LOOKING YOU IN
THE FACE, AND WE'RE TALKING ABOUT WHAT WE LIKE TO S-- COOK OUR CHILDREN FOR DINNER. AND TALKING ABOUT HOW DIFFICULT
IT IS TO GET OUR BABIES INTO COLLEGE. IT ISN'T AN EASY FIX, IT ISN'T SOME KIND OF HOCUS POCUS, OR YOU
KNOW, KUMBAYA, OR IT'S ALL FINE. IT ISN'T ANY OF THAT. HE KNOWS THAT. BUT SOMEBODY'S GOT TO DO
SOMETHING. >> Isay: OUR DREAM WITH ONE SMALL STEP IS THAT WE CONVINCE THE COUNTRY THAT IT'S OUR
PATRIOTIC DUTY TO SEE THE HUMANITY IN PEOPLE WITH WHOM WE DISAGREE. >> O'Donnell: IT'S GOING TO TAKE
A LOT OF STORIES TO BRING THIS COUNTRY TOGETHER. >> Isay: WE'RE BANKING ON A BIT OF A MIRACLE HERE.
YOU JUST DON'T GIVE UP. ( TICKING )
>> THE STORYCORPS SESSION JASON REYNOLDS NEVER FORGOT: >> Reynolds: WHAT A GIFT TO BE ALLOWED TO WATCH SUCH AN
INCREDIBLE THING HAPPEN. >> AT 60minutesovertime.com. SPONSORED BY COLOGUARD. ( TIC
( TICKING ) >> Stahl: I'M LESLEY STAHL. THANKS FOR JOINING US. WE'LL BE BACK NEXT WEEK WITH A
BRAND-NEW EDITION OF "60