1
00:00:00,476 --> 00:00:15,425
We go further, so you can.
>> "60 MINUTES" HAS BEEN LOOKING
INTO AN ALARMING AMOUNT OF
MILITARY CASUALTIES-- NOT IN
2
00:00:15,491 --> 00:00:27,303
COMBAT, BUT IN TRAINING THAT
INVOLVE ARMORED VEHICLES.
WHAT'S BEING DONE ABOUT IT?
ALL RIGHT, LET'S GO.
3
00:00:27,370 --> 00:00:35,044
WE FOUND THERE ARE SOLUTIONS,
BUT AN IMPORTANT ONE IS STUCK
BETWEEN THE PENTAGON AND
CONGRESS.
4
00:00:35,111 --> 00:00:41,751
OH, MY GOD!
( TICKING )
>> WE ARE HOLDING ADMITTED
PATIENTS IN THE EMERGENCY
5
00:00:41,818 --> 00:00:45,321
DEPARTMENT FOR DAYS UPON DAYS.
SO...
>> SO, THEY ARE JUST SITTING IN
THE E.R., BECAUSE THERE'S NOT A
6
00:00:45,388 --> 00:00:50,092
BED?
>> YES.
>> WE CAN PULL ALSO OUT BED 3,
MICHELLE, IF YOU NEED THAT BED.
7
00:00:50,159 --> 00:00:54,997
I FEEL LIKE EVERYBODY IS IN
SURVIVAL MODE.
AND NOT ONLY JUST US IN THE
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT-- I THINK
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00:00:55,064 --> 00:00:58,468
THE WHOLE HOSPITAL IS.
>> WE HAD AN ENTIRE WAVE OF
NURSES AND PHYSICIANS WHO'D
WORKED FOR 25, 30, 35 YEARS--
9
00:00:58,534 --> 00:01:02,405
THEY SAID, "I-- TH-- I'M DONE.
I'M NOT GOING TO-- I'M NOT GOING
TO DO THIS ANYMORE."
AND THEY LEFT.
10
00:01:02,472 --> 00:01:03,439
( TICKING )
11
00:01:07,210 --> 00:01:11,781
>> I GREW UP A VERY, VERY MEAN
WOMAN BECAUSE OF ALL WHAT
HAPPENED TO ME.
>> YOU LEARNED THAT HERE, YOU
12
00:01:11,848 --> 00:01:19,922
THINK?
>> YEAH.
>> SHE IS NOT THE ONLY ONE.
MORE THAN 150,000 CHILDREN WERE
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00:01:19,989 --> 00:01:27,396
SENT TO RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS,
WHICH CANADA'S FIRST PRIME
MINISTER SUPPORTED, TO, IN HIS
WORDS, "SEVER CHILDREN FROM THE
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00:01:27,463 --> 00:01:32,502
TRIBE" AND "CIVILIZE" THEM.
>> MY NAME WAS NUMBER 65 FOR ALL
THOSE YEARS.
>> JUST A NUMBER.
15
00:01:32,568 --> 00:01:39,442
>> JUST A NUMBER, YEAH.
"65, PICK THAT UP, STUPID," OR,
"65, WHY'D YOU DO THAT, IDIOT?"
( TICKING )
16
00:01:42,278 --> 00:01:45,381
>> I'M LESLEY STAHL.
>> I'M BILL WHITAKER.
>> I'M ANDERSON COOPER.
>> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI.
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00:01:45,448 --> 00:01:51,387
>> I'M JON WERTHEIM.
>> I'M SCOTT PELLEY.
THOSE STORIES AND MORE, TONIGHT,
ON "60 MINUTES."
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00:01:51,454 --> 00:01:57,960
( TICKING )
19
00:01:59,295 --> 00:02:07,303
>> Lesley Stahl: LAST MONTH, TWO
MARINES WERE KILLED AND 17
INJURED-- NOT IN WAR, BUT IN
TRANSIT: THEIR TRUCK FLIPPED
20
00:02:07,370 --> 00:02:15,311
OVER ON A HIGHWAY OUTSIDE OF
CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA.
AND IT'S NOT AS UNCOMMON AS
YOU'D THINK.
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00:02:15,378 --> 00:02:23,286
WE FOUND THAT AS A PARENT OR
PARTNER OF SOMEONE IN THE
MILITARY, YOU'RE FAR LIKELIER TO
GET THAT DREADED "CALL" AND
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00:02:23,352 --> 00:02:30,192
LEARN YOUR LOVED ONE WAS KILLED
IN AN ACCIDENT, RATHER THAN IN
COMBAT.
AND MANY-- FAR TOO MANY-- OF THE
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00:02:30,259 --> 00:02:38,734
ACCIDENTS INVOLVE ARMORED
VEHICLES DURING TRAINING.
FIRST LIEUTENANT CONOR McDOWELL,
A PLATOON LEADER IN THE MARINES,
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00:02:38,801 --> 00:02:47,076
WAS OUT ON A TRAINING MISSION IN
A LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLE LIKE
THIS, AT CAMP PENDELTON,
CALIFORNIA, IN MAY 2019, WHEN HE
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00:02:47,143 --> 00:02:54,183
HIT AN UNMARKED DITCH COVERED IN
BRUSH.
DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENED.
>> Susan Flanigan: HE CALLED OUT
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00:02:54,250 --> 00:03:03,359
TO HIS MEN, "ROLLOVER, ROLLOVER,
ROLLOVER;" PUSHED HIS GUNNER IN
THE TURRET NEXT TO HIM DOWN
UNDER THE ARMOR, BUT HE COULDN'T
27
00:03:03,426 --> 00:03:10,466
GET HIMSELF DOWN IN TIME, AND IT
CAREENED INTO THAT DITCH, ROLLED
OVER, AND CRUSHED HIM.
>> Stahl: CONOR WAS SUSAN
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00:03:10,533 --> 00:03:17,273
FLANIGAN AND MICHAEL McDOWELL'S
ONLY CHILD.
>> Michael McDowell: AT FIRST, I
THOUGHT THAT THIS WAS WHAT
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00:03:17,340 --> 00:03:23,512
HAPPENS WHEN YOU TRAIN LIKE YOU
MEAN TO FIGHT.
BUT WHEN WE WENT TO SAN DIEGO TO
BRING HIM BACK, I HAD A COUPLE
30
00:03:23,579 --> 00:03:35,358
OF IDLE MOMENTS IN THE HOTEL,
AND I GOOGLED "ROLLOVER" AND
"MILITARY."
AND I DISCOVERED THAT AT
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00:03:35,424 --> 00:03:47,169
PENDLETON, A MONTH BEFORE, A
MARINE RAIDER HAD DIED IN A
ROLLOVER.
SO I GOOGLED FURTHER BACK, "THE
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00:03:47,236 --> 00:03:56,646
ARMY," ET CETERA, AND SUDDENLY,
I SAW A WHOLE SERIES OF DEATHS
IN ROLLOVERS OF MILITARY
VEHICLES, ALL KINDS: HUMVEES,
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00:03:56,712 --> 00:04:05,321
LIGHT-ARMORED VEHICLES, BRADLEY
FIGHTING VEHICLES.
AND THEN I REALIZED THIS IS NOT
A SINGLE INCIDENT.
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00:04:05,388 --> 00:04:12,328
THIS IS A SYSTEMIC PROBLEM.
>> Stahl: DURING TRAINING?
>> McDowell: DURING TRAINING.
I CAN ACCEPT PEOPLE DYING IN
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00:04:12,395 --> 00:04:22,138
COMBAT, BUT IF YOU'RE TRAINING
IN YOUR OWN COUNTRY AND YOU'RE
DYING NEEDLESSLY IN PREVENTABLE
ACCIDENTS, THIS IS A MASSIVE
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00:04:22,204 --> 00:04:30,312
PROBLEM WHICH HAS TO BE FIXED.
>> Stahl: TO FIX IT, McDOWELL
KEPT DIGGING.
AND WHAT HE UNCOVERED, HE SAYS,
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00:04:30,379 --> 00:04:36,318
WAS SO SERIOUS, AND YET SO
ROUTINELY NEGLECTED, THAT IT LED
TO THIS SCATHING REPORT BY THE
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY
38
00:04:36,385 --> 00:04:48,330
OFFICE: THE G.A.O. FOUND CLOSE
TO 4,000 OF THESE ACCIDENTS IN
THE ARMY AND MARINE CORPS FROM
2010 TO 2019, RESULTING IN 123
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00:04:48,397 --> 00:04:58,174
DEATHS-- NEARLY TWO-THIRDS OF
WHICH INVOLVED ROLLOVERS.
AND SHOCKINGLY, MOST OCCURRED IN
DAYLIGHT, ON REGULAR ROADS, EVEN
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00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:03,979
IN PARKING LOTS.
>> McDowell: IT'S THE TRAGEDY OF
LOW EXPECTATIONS.
THAT IT'S EXPECTED PEOPLE WILL
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00:05:04,046 --> 00:05:11,387
DIE IN TRAINING.
>> Stahl: ARE YOU SAYING THAT--
THAT THEY EXPECT THIS?
WHAT ARE YOU SAYING?
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00:05:11,454 --> 00:05:15,658
>> McDowell: IT'S REGARDED AS,
THAT'S THE PRICE OF BEING A
SOLDIER, OR A MARINE.
>> Stahl: IN TRAINING?
43
00:05:15,725 --> 00:05:19,495
>> McDowell: YES.
>> Stahl: THEY EXPECT--
>> McDowell: "TRAINING IS
DANGEROUS.
44
00:05:19,562 --> 00:05:27,503
THESE THINGS HAPPEN."
>> Stahl: BUT THEY DON'T JUST
"HAPPEN."
THE G.A.O. CONCLUDED THERE WAS
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00:05:27,570 --> 00:05:35,478
OFTEN "IMPROPER SUPERVISION,"
THAT DRIVERS WERE POORLY
TRAINED, AND VEHICLES,
INADEQUATELY INSPECTED.
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00:05:35,544 --> 00:05:42,351
SOME ACCIDENTS INVOLVED MULTIPLE
FACTORS, AS WAS THE CASE WITH
CHRISTOPHER-BOBBY GNEM, A NAVY
SAILOR.
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00:05:42,418 --> 00:05:51,393
( YELLING )
THESE ARE SCREAMS OF JOY FROM
BOBBY'S MOM, NANCY, WHEN HE
SURPRISED HER ONE CHRISTMAS.
48
00:05:51,460 --> 00:05:59,935
A YEAR AND A HALF LATER, IN THE
SUMMER OF 2020, HE AND 15
MARINES WERE TRAINING OFF CAMP
PENDLETON IN AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT
49
00:06:00,002 --> 00:06:09,712
VEHICLES, OR A.A.V.s, LIKE
THESE: GIANT ARMORED VESSELS
MARINES USED ON BOTH LAND AND
SEA.
50
00:06:09,779 --> 00:06:15,551
HIS STEP-DAD, PETER VIENNA, SAYS
THE MARINES HAD NO BUSINESS
SENDING OUT THE A.A.V.s USED IN
HIS SON'S DRILL.
51
00:06:15,618 --> 00:06:23,325
>> Peter Vienna: THEY'RE 40
YEARS OLD, AND THEY WERE IN
TERRIBLE CONDITION.
AND INSTEAD OF ASKING FOR BETTER
52
00:06:23,392 --> 00:06:27,797
CONDITION A.A.V.s-- WHICH THERE
WERE, THERE WERE PLENTY OF THEM.
THEY HAD GOTTEN THESE, ALL OF
THEM THAT WERE IN POOR
53
00:06:27,863 --> 00:06:35,137
CONDITION.
>> Peter Ostrovsky: SO THEY'RE
SITTING IN A PARKING LOT ON CAMP
PENDLETON BAKING IN THE SUN.
54
00:06:35,204 --> 00:06:41,477
THEY'RE DETERIORATING.
>> Stahl: PETER OSTROVSKY'S SON,
JACK RYAN, WAS ALSO ON THAT
MISSION.
55
00:06:41,544 --> 00:06:48,484
>> Ostrovsky: A WEEK PRIOR TO
THE MISSION, WE WERE SPEAKING ON
THE TELEPHONE, AND HE MADE THE
COMMENT THAT "A.A.V.s SINK ALL
56
00:06:48,551 --> 00:06:53,289
THE TIME."
THEY'VE CALLED THEM, AND HE
CALLED IT, A "FLOATING COFFIN."
>> Stahl: DO YOU THINK HE WAS
57
00:06:53,355 --> 00:07:02,431
WORRIED?
>> Ostrovsky: OH, ABSOLUTELY.
>> Stahl: TWO A.A.V.s BROKE DOWN
AND THEIR SONS' DESIGNATED
58
00:07:02,498 --> 00:07:08,971
VEHICLE SPRANG AN ENGINE LEAK.
AND YET, THE MISSION WAS NOT
ABORTED.
WHAT WAS THE DRIVE TO GO FORWARD
59
00:07:09,038 --> 00:07:15,644
WITH FAULTY EQUIPMENT?
>> Ostrovsky: THEY'RE TRYING TO
KEEP A SCHEDULE.
TO STAY ON TIME.
60
00:07:15,711 --> 00:07:23,619
>> Vienna: THE SAFETY OF OUR
SONS TOOK A SECOND PLACE TO
COMPLETING A TRAINING MISSION.
THIS ISN'T COMBAT.
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00:07:23,686 --> 00:07:29,758
THIS ISN'T "GOT TO DO IT RIGHT
NOW."
THIS IS TRAINING.
THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN AN
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00:07:29,825 --> 00:07:36,098
ALL-STOP AT MANY POINTS.
>> Stahl: BUT 16 YOUNG MEN
CROWDED INTO THE A.A.V., AS SEEN
IN THIS VIDEO THAT ONE OF THE
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00:07:36,165 --> 00:07:47,543
MARINES SENT HIS DAD.
IT ALMOST IMMEDIATELY STARTED
TAKING ON WATER-- ANKLE LEVEL;
CALF LEVEL; SEAT LEVEL; AS ONE
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00:07:47,610 --> 00:07:53,315
BY ONE, THE A.A.V.
SYSTEMS WERE FAILING.
>> Vienna: THE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM WAS DOWN.
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00:07:53,382 --> 00:07:58,721
THEY WERE IN THE DARK, USING
THEIR-- THE LIGHTS ON THEIR CELL
PHONES TO TRY TO SEE.
>> Stahl: WAIT, WAIT, WAIT.
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00:07:58,787 --> 00:08:02,858
THE LIGHTS DIDN'T WORK?
>> Vienna: THE SAFETY LIGHTING
THAT'S SUPPOSED TO FUNCTION,
DIDN'T FUNCTION.
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00:08:02,925 --> 00:08:07,696
>> Stahl: WERE THERE LIFEBOATS?
>> Vienna: NO.
SO, THERE'S SUPPOSED TO BE TWO
SAFETY BOATS IN THE WATER.
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00:08:07,763 --> 00:08:15,704
THEY WENT WITH NONE.
>> Stahl: THIS IS THE A.A.V. AT
THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN, IN
UNDERWATER VIDEO WE OBTAINED
69
00:08:15,771 --> 00:08:23,512
THROUGH A FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
REQUEST.
SEVEN MEN MADE IT OUT ALIVE.
NINE DID NOT.
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00:08:23,579 --> 00:08:30,653
TURNS OUT, MOST HAD RECEIVED
LITTLE OR NO SAFETY TRAINING ON
HOW TO ESCAPE.
IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE.
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00:08:30,719 --> 00:08:36,659
>> Vienna: THERE'S SO MUCH OF IT
THAT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE.
THEY WERE TAKING ON WATER FOR 45
MINUTES, YET THEY WERE STILL
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00:08:36,725 --> 00:08:43,632
FOUND AT THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN
WITH ALL THEIR-- THEIR GEAR
STILL ON, THEIR BODY ARMOR.
>> Stahl: AND THAT-- THEY SHOULD
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00:08:43,699 --> 00:08:47,703
NOT HAVE-- THAT SHOULD HAVE COME
OFF?
>> Vienna: THEY DIDN'T KNOW WHAT
TO DO.
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00:08:47,770 --> 00:08:52,141
THEY WERE ALL LOOKING AT EACH
OTHER, LIKE, "WHAT DOES THIS
MEAN, WHAT DO WE DO?"
>> Stahl: YOU KNOW THE MARINE
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00:08:52,207 --> 00:08:59,682
CORPS DID ITS OWN INVESTIGATION,
AND THE MARINE CORPS CONCLUDED
THAT THIS-- AND I'M GOING TO USE
THE DIRECT QUOTE-- WAS
76
00:08:59,748 --> 00:09:06,722
"PREVENTABLE."
>> Ostrovsky: THE TOP-DOWN
INCOMPETENCE, THE LACK OF
READINESS-- REALLY, THE LACK OF
77
00:09:06,789 --> 00:09:12,728
DUTY OF CARE FOR OUR SONS-- IT
WAS SHOCKING.
>> Stahl: CAN YOU SUE THE
MILITARY, OR THE COMMANDERS FOR
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00:09:12,795 --> 00:09:19,768
WHAT HAPPENED?
>> Vienna: THERE'S THE FERES
DOCTRINE-- MAKES THAT
IMPOSSIBLE.
79
00:09:19,835 --> 00:09:26,442
>> Stahl: THE FERES DOCTRINE
PREVENTS ANYONE FROM SUING THE
MILITARY FOR ANYTHING THAT
HAPPENS TO SERVICE-MEMBERS ON
80
00:09:26,508 --> 00:09:34,016
THE JOB, NO MATTER HOW
EGREGIOUS.
>> Nancy Gnem: THE BIGGEST THING
FOR ME IS, THESE BOYS WERE NOT
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00:09:34,083 --> 00:09:42,391
PROTECTED.
I HAVE THIS VISION IN MY HEAD,
NIGHTMARES, OF THE A.A.V. GOING
DOWN.
82
00:09:42,458 --> 00:09:48,731
WHAT WAS HIS LAST WORD?
>> Stahl: THIS WAS ONE OF THE
WORST TRAINING ACCIDENTS IN
MARINE CORPS HISTORY.
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00:09:48,797 --> 00:09:59,742
BUT ACCIDENTS KEEP COMING, AND
THE G.A.O. STATES, LESS SERIOUS
ONES ARE LIKELY UNDER-REPORTED.
CHRISTIAN AVILA TAVERAS, AN ARMY
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00:09:59,808 --> 00:10:07,750
COMBAT MEDIC, WAS ON A TRAINING
DRILL IN 2018 WHEN ONE VEHICLE
BROKE DOWN, SO HIS VEHICLE HAD
TO TOW IT.
85
00:10:07,816 --> 00:10:14,990
>> Christian Avila Taveras: THIS
IS AROUND 1:30 A.M., MAYBE.
IT'S DARK, IT'S RAINING, IT'S
MUDDY.
86
00:10:15,057 --> 00:10:21,230
THE VEHICLE THAT WE WERE TOWING
JUST SLID AND HIT US, AND SO, WE
JUST ROLLED OVER.
AND I WAS EXPELLED FROM THE
87
00:10:21,296 --> 00:10:26,301
VEHICLE, AND THEN THE VEHICLE
JUST LANDED ON TOP OF ME,
PINNING ME DOWN FROM THE WAIST
DOWN.
88
00:10:26,368 --> 00:10:30,739
>> Stahl: SO, THIS GIANT,
MONSTER VEHICLE ROLLS OVER ON
TOP OF YOU?
>> Avila Taveras: YES.
89
00:10:30,806 --> 00:10:39,748
ON TOP OF ME.
>> Stahl: HIS LEFT LEG HAD TO BE
AMPUTATED ABOVE THE KNEE.
THE RIGHT LEG WAS SO BADLY
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00:10:39,815 --> 00:10:43,285
DAMAGED, HE SPENT THE NEXT TWO
YEARS IN REHAB, LEARNING HOW TO
WALK AGAIN.
>> YOU'RE KILLING IT, BRO,
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00:10:43,352 --> 00:10:51,760
YOU'RE KILLING IT!
>> Stahl: AND WE LEARNED THERE
WAS ANOTHER ROLLOVER DURING
TRAINING AT THAT SAME PLACE THAT
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00:10:51,827 --> 00:11:00,369
SAME DAY AS AVILA TAVERAS'S.
THE ARMY TOLD US THERE WERE
FEWER VEHICLE DEATHS LAST YEAR,
SAYING MOST ARE CAUSED BY HUMAN
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00:11:00,436 --> 00:11:11,814
ERROR AND INEXPERIENCE; NEARLY
ONE IN FIVE ENLISTEES JOIN THE
ARMY WITH NO DRIVER'S LICENSE.
THE PENTAGON AND MARINES
94
00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:18,887
DECLINED OUR INTERVIEW REQUESTS,
THOUGH THE NEW DEFENSE BUDGET
MANDATES SEVERAL NEW SAFETY
PROVISIONS, AND A.A.V.s WILL NO
95
00:11:18,954 --> 00:11:27,830
LONGER BE USED IN WATER DRILLS.
BUT, THERE ARE MORE STEPS THE
MILITARY COULD TAKE, THAT THEY
HAVEN'T, INVOLVING RELATIVELY
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00:11:27,896 --> 00:11:39,842
INEXPENSIVE UPGRADES TO THE
VEHICLE INVOLVED IN MOST
ACCIDENTS: THE HUMVEE.
THIS TEST FOOTAGE BY IMMI, A
97
00:11:39,908 --> 00:11:50,052
SAFETY SYSTEM SUPPLIER, SHOWS
WHAT CAN HAPPEN INSIDE A HUMVEE
IN A ROLLOVER.
BUT, WATCH.
98
00:11:50,119 --> 00:11:54,790
DRIVERS COULD HAVE A BETTER
CHANCE WHEN HUMVEES ARE
RETROFITTED WITH IMMI'S
RESTRAINTS AND AIRBAGS.
99
00:11:54,857 --> 00:12:03,532
ONE REASON THERE ARE SO MANY
HUMVEE ACCIDENTS IS NUMBERS:
OVER 100,000 ARE USED BY THE
ARMY ALONE.
100
00:12:03,599 --> 00:12:11,907
ANOTHER CAUSE IS ENGINEERING:
THEIR HIGH CENTER OF GRAVITY
MAKES THEM PRONE TO FLIP OVER.
AND, BECAUSE HUMVEES WERE EASY
101
00:12:11,974 --> 00:12:18,847
TARGETS FOR I.E.D.s IN IRAQ AND
AFGHANISTAN, THE MILITARY ADDED
EXTRA ARMOR THAT MADE THEM EVEN
LESS STABLE.
102
00:12:18,914 --> 00:12:27,890
OKAY.
WE WERE INVITED BY RICARDO
DEFENSE, A SMALL MILITARY
CONTRACTOR, TO SUIT UP FOR A
103
00:12:27,956 --> 00:12:33,162
DEMO OF HOW UNSTABLE THESE
VEHICLES CAN BE WHILE MAKING
TURNS.
ALL RIGHT, LET'S GO.
104
00:12:33,228 --> 00:12:39,902
WE WERE GOING LESS THAN 30 MILES
AN HOUR.
THE TWO YELLOW BARS WERE THERE
TO PREVENT US FROM ACTUALLY
105
00:12:39,968 --> 00:12:43,939
TIPPING OVER.
OH, GOD.
OH.
OH.
106
00:12:44,006 --> 00:12:47,910
OH.
STUART.
STUART.
OH, MY GOD.
107
00:12:47,976 --> 00:12:54,850
OH.
MOST HUMVEES DO NOT HAVE
ANTI-LOCK BRAKES OR ELECTRONIC
STABILITY CONTROL THAT PREVENT
108
00:12:54,917 --> 00:13:03,192
ROLLOVERS.
BUT, EIGHT YEARS AGO, RICARDO
DEVELOPED THEM FOR THE HUMVEE.
RICARDO'S PRESIDENT, CHET
109
00:13:03,258 --> 00:13:06,929
GRYSZAN:
>> Chet Gryszan: LET'S DO THE
SAME THING WITH THE SYSTEM ON,
PLEASE?
110
00:13:06,995 --> 00:13:12,935
>> Stahl: OH, HERE IT COMES.
OH.
WITH THE SYSTEM ON?
ALL WHEELS REMAINED FIRMLY ON
111
00:13:13,001 --> 00:13:19,975
THE GROUND.
GOODNESS GRACIOUS.
THE SYSTEM WORKS SO WELL, IT'S
NOW MANDATORY IN ALL NEW
112
00:13:20,042 --> 00:13:27,950
HUMVEES.
BUT, WHAT ABOUT HUMVEES ALREADY
IN USE?
WELL, RICARDO CAME UP WITH A
113
00:13:28,016 --> 00:13:39,561
SAFETY KIT THAT COULD BE
INSTALLED FOR ABOUT $16,000 PER
VEHICLE, IN ABOUT 54,000 OF THE
OLDER HUMVEES.
114
00:13:39,628 --> 00:13:46,134
YOU COULD MAKE TEN OR MORE OLD
VEHICLES SAFER, FOR THE PRICE OF
ONE NEW VEHICLE.
AND YET, THE DEPARTMENT OF
115
00:13:46,201 --> 00:13:54,943
DEFENSE IS ASKING FOR A LOT OF
MONEY FOR NEW HUMVEES-- BUT ONLY
A FRACTION OF WHAT'S NEEDED TO
RETROFIT OLD ONES.
116
00:13:55,010 --> 00:13:59,948
>> Gryszan: IF THE BUDGET WERE
TO BE APPROVED TODAY, AS THE
NUMBERS STAND, WE WOULD HAVE
ENOUGH FUNDING FOR ABOUT 545
117
00:14:00,015 --> 00:14:06,989
VEHICLES.
>> Stahl: 545 VEHICLES, OUT OF
54,000?
THAT'S IT?
118
00:14:07,055 --> 00:14:12,995
>> Gryszan: THAT'S IT, YEAH.
SOTHAT'S ABOUT 1% OF THE FLEET.
AT THAT RATE, IT'LL TAKE 100
YEARS TO GET THE FLEET FIT.
119
00:14:13,061 --> 00:14:23,972
>> Stahl: A RECENT LETTER TO THE
PENTAGON FROM SEVERAL
CONGRESSMEN ENDORSES YOUR KIT.
THEY CALCULATED THAT THE
120
00:14:24,039 --> 00:14:29,811
DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN
PUTTING YOUR KIT ON AND BUILDING
A NEW VEHICLE IS ABOUT $13
BILLION.
121
00:14:29,878 --> 00:14:36,018
IT SOUNDS LIKE A NO-BRAINER.
>> Gryszan: YEAH.
WHY WOULDN'T YOU DO IT?
>> Stahl: CHAIR OF THE ARMED
122
00:14:36,084 --> 00:14:43,091
SERVICES SUBCOMMITTEE ON
READINESS, CONGRESSMAN JOHN
GARAMENDI, TOLD US THAT CONGRESS
AND THE PENTAGON'S PREFERENCE
123
00:14:43,158 --> 00:14:52,034
FOR NEW OVER UPGRADES IS "OFTEN
PREDICATED ON KEEPING DEFENSE
CONTRACTORS FED."
HAVE YOU MADE ANY MOVE TO SAY,
124
00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:58,874
"NOBODY SHOULD BE IN A HUMVEE
THAT DOESN'T HAVE ANTI-LOCK
BRAKES"?
>> McDowell: WE HAVE TRIED, AND
125
00:14:58,940 --> 00:15:04,179
I HAVE LOBBIED.
WE WANT TO INCREASE SAFETY IN
TRAINING-- BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE
DYING NEEDLESSLY IN PREVENTABLE
126
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ACCIDENTS.
IT WON'T COST THAT MUCH.
BUT IT'S GOT TO BE DONE.
AND THAT'S FOR THE AMERICAN
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PEOPLE TO PRESS THEIR MEMBERS OF
CONGRESS.
( TICKING
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00:15:22,531 --> 00:15:30,305
>> Sharyn Alfonsi: IN MUCH OF
THE COUNTRY, THE NUMBER OF COVID
CASES IS FALLING.
THE OMICRON VARIANT MAY RESULT
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IN LESS SEVERE ILLNESS, BUT
INSIDE MANY OF THE COUNTRY'S
HOSPITALS, THE WORK IS MORE
DEMANDING THAN EVER.
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THAT'S LARGELY BECAUSE--
ACCORDING TO THE U.S. BUREAU OF
LABOR STATISTICS-- NEARLY
400,000 HEALTH CARE WORKERS HAVE
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LEFT SINCE THE START OF THE
PANDEMIC.
LAST MONTH, HOSPITALS IN 18
STATES REPORTED CRITICAL STAFF
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SHORTAGES, ICLUDING KENTUCKY.
SO, TWO WEEKS AGO, WE WENT TO
LOUISVILLE, A PLACE WHERE THE
VACCINATION AND INFECTION RATE
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HAS PRETTY MUCH MIRRORED THE
NATIONAL AVERAGE.
WE SAW E.R.s THAT WERE SHORT-
HANDED, AND NURSES AND DOCTORS
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WHO WERE EXHAUSTED.
AFTER TWO YEARS OF SOLDIERING
THROUGH COVID, THEY TOLD US THE
PANDEMIC HAD PUSHED THEM AND
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THEIR HOSPITAL CLOSE TO A
BREAKING POINT.
( AMBULANCE )
WHEN WE ARRIVED IN LOUISVILLE,
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AMBULANCES WERE RUSHING TO
HOSPITALS, ONLY TO WAIT ALMOST
AN HOUR TO DROP OFF PATIENTS--
BECAUSE EMERGENCY ROOMS WERE
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00:16:22,591 --> 00:16:30,532
FULL.
THE HECTIC PACE OF TREATING
CARDIAC CASES AND ACCIDENT
VICTIMS WAS PUSHED TO NEW LEVELS
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00:16:30,599 --> 00:16:36,304
BY ANOTHER WAVE OF COVID
PATIENTS NEEDING TREATMENT.
HOW QUICKLY DOES IT GO FROM BUSY
TO INSANE?
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00:16:36,371 --> 00:16:41,042
>> Alyssa Parra: A MATTER OF
MINUTES.
WE CAN HAVE, YOU KNOW, NO
PATIENTS SIGNING INTO TRIAGE,
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00:16:41,109 --> 00:16:46,481
AND THEN LOOK OUT THERE AND
THERE IS TEN.
>> Alfonsi: ALYSSA PARRA IS A
SUPERVISING NURSE IN THE
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00:16:46,548 --> 00:16:51,219
EMERGENCY ROOM AT THE UNIVERSITY
OF LOUISVILLE HOSPITAL, ONE OF
THE LARGEST IN THE REGION.
>> Parra: THE GOAL IS TO GET HIS
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00:16:51,286 --> 00:16:57,159
BLOOD PRESSURE UNDER 160.
>> Alfonsi: PARRA WAS ONE OF
FIVE EMPLOYEES "60 MINUTES"
FOLLOWED TO SEE HOW STAFF
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00:16:57,225 --> 00:17:02,597
SHORTAGES WERE IMPACTING
HOSPITALS.
WE AGREED NOT TO IDENTIFY
PATIENTS, AND TO STAY OUT OF THE
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00:17:02,664 --> 00:17:09,905
WAY.
IT WASN'T EASY, BECAUSE PATIENTS
WERE PARKED ANYWHERE THERE WAS
SPACE.
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00:17:09,971 --> 00:17:14,609
85% OF THOSE HOSPITALIZED FOR
COVID IN KENTUCKY ARE NOT FULLY
VACCINATED.
>> Parra: WE ARE HOLDING
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00:17:14,676 --> 00:17:18,713
ADMITTED PATIENTS IN THE
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT FOR DAYS
UPON DAYS, SO...
>> Alfonsi: SO, THEY ARE JUST
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00:17:18,780 --> 00:17:22,951
SITTING IN THE E.R., BECAUSE
THERE'S NOT A BED?
>> Parra: YES.
WE CAN PULL ALSO OUT BED 3,
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00:17:23,018 --> 00:17:28,857
MICHELLE, IF YOU NEED THAT BED.
I FEEL LIKE EVERYBODY IS IN
SURVIVAL MODE.
AND NOT ONLY JUST US IN THE
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00:17:28,924 --> 00:17:32,194
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT; I THINK
THE WHOLE HOSPITAL IS.
>> Alfonsi: WHAT DOES THAT LOOK
LIKE, WHEN YOU'RE TRYING TO
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00:17:32,260 --> 00:17:38,667
SURVIVE?
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
>> Parra: HOW CAN WE TAKE CARE
OF PATIENTS EFFECTIVELY EVERY
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00:17:38,733 --> 00:17:43,605
SINGLE DAY WITH THE STAFF THAT
WE HAVE?
>> Alfonsi: PARRA TOLD US HER
E.R. HAD FEWER NURSES THAN AT
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ANY POINT DURING THE PANDEMIC.
USUALLY, SHE'LL HAVE ABOUT A
DOZEN NURSES ON A SHIFT, BUT ON
THE DAY WE WERE WITH HER, SHE
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00:17:53,582 --> 00:17:57,919
HAD JUST NINE OTHER NURSES TO
TREAT 71 PATIENTS IN THE E.R.,
WITH 16 MORE IN THE WAITING
ROOM.
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00:17:57,986 --> 00:18:04,192
HAVE YOU HAD NURSES QUIT, THAT
WORK FOR YOU?
>> Parra: YES.
>> Alfonsi: TELL ME ABOUT THAT.
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00:18:04,259 --> 00:18:09,898
>> Parra: YOU KNOW, SOME OF THEM
HAVE GOT TO A POINT, YOU KNOW,
WHERE THEY HAVE STEPPED AWAY.
AND, YOU KNOW, THEY'VE, YOU
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00:18:09,965 --> 00:18:14,669
KNOW, MOVED ON AND SAID, YOU
KNOW, "I-- I NEED A BREAK FROM
THIS; I-- YOU KNOW, MENTALLY, I
JUST NEED A BREAK."
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00:18:14,736 --> 00:18:19,875
WE JUST KEEP PUTTING ONE FOOT IN
FRONT OF THE OTHER AND, YOU
KNOW, TRYING TO TAKE IT DAY BY
DAY, AND I JUST TRY TO BRING
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00:18:19,941 --> 00:18:24,880
POSITIVE ENERGY EVERY DAY.
>> Alfonsi: HOW HARD IS THAT
RIGHT NOW?
>> Parra: DIFFICULT.
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00:18:24,946 --> 00:18:31,686
AND IT'S-- IT'S GETTING MORE
DIFFICULT EACH DAY.
>> Alfonsi: THE CONTAGIOUSNESS
OF THE OMICRON VARIANT HAS
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00:18:31,753 --> 00:18:38,727
STRETCHED THE STAFF FURTHER.
LAST MONTH, 450 EMPLOYEES CALLED
IN SICK ON THE SAME DAY.
>> Dr. Jason Smith: I'VE GOT A
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00:18:38,793 --> 00:18:44,499
MEETING WITH THEM.
>> Alfonsi: DR. JASON SMITH IS
TRYING TO FILL THE HOLES.
HE'S THE HOSPITAL'S CHIEF
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00:18:44,566 --> 00:18:49,671
MEDICAL OFFICER, AND A TRAUMA
SURGEON.
>> Smith: WE HAD AN ENTIRE WAVE
OF NURSES AND PHYSICIANS WHO'D
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00:18:49,738 --> 00:18:54,609
WORKED FOR 25, 30, 35 YEARS,
THEY SAID, "I-- TH-- I'M DONE.
I'M NOT GOING TO-- I'M NOT GOING
TO DO THIS ANYMORE."
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00:18:54,676 --> 00:18:58,346
AND THEY LEFT.
>> Alfonsi: SOMEBODY QUITS, IT'S
NOT LIKE REPLACING A FRY COOK.
>> Smith: AND THEREIN LIES THE
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00:18:58,413 --> 00:19:04,052
ISSUE, YOU KNOW?
IF YOU THINK ABOUT A NURSE?
ON AVERAGE, IT TAKES FOUR TO
FIVE YEARS TO TRAIN A NURSE.
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00:19:04,119 --> 00:19:13,528
IT CAN TAKE EIGHT TO 12 YEARS TO
TRAIN A PHYSICIAN OR A SURGEON.
SO, IF YOU TURNED ON THE TAP
TODAY AND SAID, "I'M GOING TO
167
00:19:13,595 --> 00:19:18,300
DOUBLE THE AMOUNT, SO THAT WE
HAVE ENOUGH," WE STILL WON'T
HAVE ENOUGH FOR FOUR OR FIVE
YEARS.
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00:19:18,366 --> 00:19:21,970
>> Alfonsi: IT SEEMS LIKE YOU'RE
DESCRIBING A SYSTEM AT ITS
BREAKING POINT.
>> Smith: I THINK WE ARE.
169
00:19:22,037 --> 00:19:26,741
AND I THINK THAT'S THE BIGGEST
WORRY I HAVE.
ARE WE GOING TO HAVE A SYSTEM
THAT WE CAN'T SUPPORT AFTER THIS
170
00:19:26,808 --> 00:19:33,982
PANDEMIC IS OVER?
WHAT WE EXPECT WHEN WE COME TO
THE HOSPITAL IS, THERE'S GOING
TO BE A PHYSICIAN, AND THERE'S
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00:19:34,049 --> 00:19:38,787
GOING TO BE A NURSE, AND THEY'RE
GOING TO TAKE CARE OF ME.
BUT IN THE FUTURE, THAT MAY NOT
LOOK THAT WAY.
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00:19:38,853 --> 00:19:43,725
WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO RETHINK
HOW WE CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS IN
THE HOSPITAL, MOVING FORWARD.
>> Alfonsi: UP ON THE SEVENTH
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00:19:43,792 --> 00:19:50,198
FLOOR, WE MET AMANDA SWINNEY IN
THE I.C.U.
AS A RESPIRATORY THERAPIST, HER
JOB IS TO HELP PEOPLE BREATHE.
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00:19:50,265 --> 00:19:54,736
>> Amanda Swinney: I'M GOING TO
TAKE A LISTEN TO YOUR LUNGS,
OKAY?
GIVE YOU A BREATHING TREATMENT.
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00:19:54,803 --> 00:20:01,743
>> Alfonsi: BUT OVER THE LAST
TWO YEARS, SHE SAYS SHE'S BARELY
HAD A CHANCE TO BREATHE HERSELF.
ON THIS DAY, SHE WAS DARTING
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00:20:01,810 --> 00:20:09,884
AMONG 40 PATIENTS, ALMOST DOUBLE
HER NORMAL WORKLOAD.
WHEN YOU HAVE A COVID PATIENT
WHO COMES IN, NOT VACCINATED,
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00:20:09,951 --> 00:20:18,760
ARE YOU THINKING NOW, LIKE, "IT
DIDN'T HAVE TO BE THIS WAY"?
>> Swinney: I DO GET A SENSE OF,
"WOW-- HAD YOU CHOSEN A
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00:20:18,827 --> 00:20:25,533
DIFFERENT ROUTE, THEN WE
WOULDN'T BE WHERE WE ARE NOW."
IT'S JUST FRUSTRATING.
IT'S FRUSTRATING WHEN THERE'S
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00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:31,740
SOMETHING OUT THERE THAT CAN
KEEP YOU FROM DYING-- IT CAN
LOWER YOUR ODDS OF BEING
HOSPITALIZED, AND HAVING SEVERE
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00:20:31,806 --> 00:20:37,746
DISEASE.
I JUST DON'T UNDERSTAND WHY MORE
PEOPLE DON'T.
>> Alfonsi: SWINNEY TOLD US THAT
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00:20:37,812 --> 00:20:46,554
SOMETIMES SHE FEELS NUMB.
>> Swinney: THERE'S, LIKE, THIS
THING CALLED COMPASSION FATIGUE,
WHERE, YOU KNOW, I FEEL LIKE I
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00:20:46,621 --> 00:20:54,529
GAVE SO MUCH THOSE FIRST, LIKE,
NINE MONTHS, AND GOT SO CLOSE TO
SO MANY PATIENTS THAT WE LOST,
THAT NOW I ALMOST CAN'T DO THAT.
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00:20:54,596 --> 00:20:58,733
IT'S JUST TOO MUCH LOSS, I
GUESS.
>> Alfonsi: SOME OF THE NURSES
HAVE DESCRIBED IT LIKE A WAR
184
00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:01,970
ZONE.
BUT IN A WAR ZONE, RIGHT, THEY--
THEY CHANGE OUT THE FRONT LINE
EVERY SO OFTEN.
185
00:21:02,037 --> 00:21:05,940
>> Swinney: RIGHT.
RIGHT.
WE CAN'T-- WE CAN'T GET AWAY
FROM IT.
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00:21:06,007 --> 00:21:12,514
WE CAN'T WORK FROM HOME.
WE CAN'T DO VIRTUAL.
YOU KNOW, WE HAVE TO SHOW UP.
AND IT'S JUST-- IT JUST KEEPS
187
00:21:12,580 --> 00:21:16,651
COMING.
IT JUST KEEPS COMING.
>> Alfonsi: IS THIS THE NEW
REALITY?
188
00:21:16,718 --> 00:21:22,824
>> Swinney: I DON'T KNOW.
I'M NOT SURE.
I DON'T KNOW THAT I COULD, IN
ANOTHER YEAR, KEEP UP THIS PACE.
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00:21:22,891 --> 00:21:28,963
>> Alfonsi: HOSPITALS IN
LOUISVILLE HAVE BEEN WORKING
TOGETHER SO THEY DON'T HAVE TO
TURN AWAY PATIENTS, BUT STAFF
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00:21:29,030 --> 00:21:35,336
SHORTAGES IN OTHER PARTS OF THE
COUNTRY HAVE FORCED HEALTH
SYSTEMS TO CANCEL ELECTIVE
SURGERIES, TEMPORARILY CLOSE
191
00:21:35,403 --> 00:21:43,044
PARTS OF MATERNITY WARDS, OR
LEAVE HOSPITAL BEDS EMPTY.
NURSES ARE OFTEN THE BACKBONE OF
THOSE HOSPITALS.
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00:21:43,111 --> 00:21:49,884
IN A SURVEY LAST FALL, THE
KENTUCKY NURSES ASSOCIATION
REPORTED ONE IN FOUR NURSES SAID
THEY WERE LIKELY TO QUIT THEIR
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00:21:49,951 --> 00:21:58,793
JOB IN THE NEXT THREE MONTHS.
DELANOR MANSON IS THE C.E.O. OF
THE ASSOCIATION.
>> Delanor Manson: WHEN YOU
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00:21:58,860 --> 00:22:05,467
THINK ABOUT NURSING AS BEING 53%
OF THE HEALTH CARE WORKFORCE,
THOSE ARE LARGE NUMBERS.
YOU HAVE TO KNOW THAT THERE WAS
195
00:22:05,533 --> 00:22:10,872
A NURSING SHORTAGE PRIOR TO THE
PANDEMIC.
THE PANDEMIC HAS RIPPED OFF THE
BANDAGE.
196
00:22:10,939 --> 00:22:18,113
THEY'RE OVERWORKED.
THEY HAVE TO DO THINGS THAT IT
DOESN'T TAKE A NURSE TO DO.
>> Alfonsi: LIKE WHAT?
197
00:22:18,179 --> 00:22:24,786
>> Manson: BATHS.
WALKING PATIENTS.
TURNING PATIENTS.
BUT SOMEONE ELSE COULD DO THAT.
198
00:22:24,853 --> 00:22:30,859
IT DOESN'T TAKE A DEGREE OR A
LICENSE TO DO THOSE THINGS.
>> Alfonsi: THAT WORK IS
IMPORTANT FOR PATIENT CARE, AND
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00:22:30,925 --> 00:22:38,166
IS USUALLY HANDLED BY AIDES.
NOW THY'RE IN SHORT SUPPLY TOO.
SO, IN SOME HOSPITALS, NURSES
HAVE HAD TO MOP FLOORS OR EMPTY
200
00:22:38,233 --> 00:22:43,271
TRASH.
>> Julia Anderson: AS SOON AS
YOU TRANSFER A PATIENT, OR
DISCHARGE A PATIENT, IT'S NOT
201
00:22:43,338 --> 00:22:46,875
FIVE MINUTES LATER YOU'RE
GETTING ANOTHER PATIENT.
THAT'S A DRINK AND A POTTY
BREAK.
202
00:22:46,941 --> 00:22:50,812
YES, BED 4 IS GETTING
DISCHARGED.
ARE YOU READY TO GET OUT OF
HERE?
203
00:22:50,879 --> 00:22:55,850
>> Alfonsi: JULIA ANDERSON IS AN
I.C.U. NURSE.
SHE WAS JUST 19 WHEN SHE BEGAN
HER CAREER IN 2020.
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00:22:55,917 --> 00:23:02,924
ANDERSON HAD GRADUATED HIGH
SCHOOL EARLY, ENROLLED IN A
FAST-TRACK TRAINING PROGRAM, AND
WAS QUICKLY ASSIGNED TO TREAT
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00:23:02,991 --> 00:23:08,863
THE SICKEST COVID PATIENTS.
I IMAGINE THERE'S NOTHING THEY
CAN TEACH YOU IN NURSING SCHOOL
TO PREPARE YOU FOR THIS MOMENT.
206
00:23:08,930 --> 00:23:13,802
>> Anderson: NO.
NOT AT ALL.
I MEAN, THEY DIDN'T TEACH YOU
THAT YOU WOULD HAVE TO ZIP UP
207
00:23:13,868 --> 00:23:18,940
YOUR FIRST BODY BAG.
I-- I STILL REMEMBER THE FIRST
PATIENT'S NAME.
THE FIRST ROOM.
208
00:23:19,007 --> 00:23:26,548
WHAT HAPPENED, AND EVERYTHING.
AND THAT WAS HARD.
>> Alfonsi: THE FREQUENCY OF
COVID DEATHS HERE HAS DECLINED,
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00:23:26,614 --> 00:23:33,555
BUT THE STRESS HASN'T.
ANDERSON SAYS NURSES ARE
INCREASINGLY BEING CONFRONTED BY
ANGRY PATIENTS-- SOME OF THEM,
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00:23:33,621 --> 00:23:38,993
ENRAGED BY THE LONG WAITS FOR
CARE.
>> Anderson: LAST WEEK, I HAD A
PATIENT PUT HER HANDS ON ME,
211
00:23:39,060 --> 00:23:44,199
AFTER CUSSING ME OUT FOR
PROBABLY TEN MINUTES.
PUT HER HANDS ON ME AND PUSHED
ME AS HARD AS SHE COULD.
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00:23:44,265 --> 00:23:47,168
I'VE BEEN CALLED EVERY NAME
UNDER THE BOOK.
>> Alfonsi: YOU HAVE?
>> Anderson: OH MY GOODNESS,
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00:23:47,235 --> 00:23:50,038
YES.
IN ONE EAR, OUT THE OTHER EAR.
YOU KNOW--
>> Alfonsi: REALLY?
214
00:23:50,104 --> 00:23:53,341
THAT DOESN'T BOTHER YOU?
>> Anderson: IT USED TO.
>> Alfonsi: YEH.
>> Anderson: IT USED TO BOTHER
215
00:23:53,408 --> 00:23:58,947
ME REALLY BAD.
I MEAN, I'VE-- I'VE CRIED BEFORE
AT SOME OF THE NAMES I'VE BEEN
CALLED, BY FAMILY MEMBERS, BY
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00:23:59,013 --> 00:24:03,017
PATIENTS.
BUT NOW, I GUESS I'M IMMUNE TO
IT.
>> Alfonsi: DOES ANYBODY WHO'S
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00:24:03,084 --> 00:24:09,791
NOT IN THAT ROOM, IN THAT
HOSPITAL, UNDERSTAND, TRULY?
>> Anderson: I TELL MY MOM ALL
THE TIME, "I WISH YOU WERE A FLY
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00:24:09,858 --> 00:24:17,165
ON THE WALL FOR ONE SHIFT."
BUT UNTIL YOU CAN GET SOMEBODY
WHO GOES THROUGH IT WITH YOU AND
HAS A PATIENT PASS IN ONE ROOM,
219
00:24:17,232 --> 00:24:20,468
AND THEN THE NEXT PATIENT'S ON
THEIR CALL LIGHT, SAYING, "YOU
FORGOT TO BRING ME MY WATER.
YOU TOLD ME YOU WOULD 45 MINUTES
220
00:24:20,535 --> 00:24:27,008
AGO."
AND YOU PUT ON A FACE AND YOU
SAY, "YES, MA'AM, I'M SO SORRY.
I'LL BRING YOU THAT WATER,"
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00:24:27,075 --> 00:24:33,848
KNOWING THAT YOU ARE ABOUT TO
CRY-- YOU ARE ABOUT TO LET IT
OUT, BUT YOU CAN'T.
>> Alfonsi: WE GOT A SENSE OF
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00:24:33,915 --> 00:24:42,657
THAT WHEN WE MET KRYSTAL TOTTEN.
SHE WORKS WITH PATIENTS WHO NEED
ECMO, A MACHINE THAT OXYGENATES
BLOOD OUTSIDE THE BODY, AND IS
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00:24:42,724 --> 00:24:49,297
USED WHEN LUNGS ARE TOO WEAK TO
DO THE JOB.
LAST SEPTEMBER, A FELLOW NURSE
AND FRIEND, BECKY FULKS, BECAME
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00:24:49,364 --> 00:24:55,270
ONE OF HER PATIENTS, WHEN FULKS
BECAME SICK WITH COVID.
>> Krystal Totten: I REMEMBER
JUST, LIKE, YOU KNOW, JUST
225
00:24:55,336 --> 00:25:01,943
BREAKING DOWN, BECAUSE SEEING
SOMEBODY AT THEIR WORST POINT,
YOU KNOW, NOT KNOWING IF THEY'RE
GOING TO LIVE OR DIE IS, YOU
226
00:25:02,010 --> 00:25:07,081
KNOW, IS VERY-- IS VERY HARD.
>> Alfonsi: FULKS IS A HEART AND
LUNG NURSE.
SHE WAS VACCINATED, AND WORKING
227
00:25:07,148 --> 00:25:12,887
THROUGH THE PANDEMIC.
SHE WAS IN BAD SHAPE WHEN YOU
SAW HER?
>> Totten: OH, SHE-- YEAH.
228
00:25:12,954 --> 00:25:18,960
SO, FOR A PATIENT TO NEED TO GO
ON ECMO, IT'S A LAST-DITCH
EFFORT.
IT'S A MAXIMUM FORM OF LIFE
229
00:25:19,027 --> 00:25:26,067
SUPPORT.
>> Alfonsi: LAST MONTH, BECKY
FULKS BEGAN TO IMPROVE.
SHE WAS TAKEN OFF THE ECMO
230
00:25:26,134 --> 00:25:33,441
MACHINE, BUT STILL HAS A
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE.
IT'S UNCLEAR IF THE 49-YEAR-OLD
MOTHER OF TWO WILL EVER GET BACK
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00:25:33,508 --> 00:25:40,515
TO NURSING.
WHAT DOES BECKY'S STORY TELL US
ABOUT ALL THE NURSES?
>> Totten: IT'S WEIRD TO SAY,
232
00:25:40,581 --> 00:25:47,088
SHE'S ONE OF THE LUCKY ONES, WHO
HAVE FOUGHT THROUGH THIS.
YOU'RE PUTTING YOURSELF AND YOUR
FAMILY AT RISK, YOU KNOW, EVERY
233
00:25:47,155 --> 00:25:57,165
DAY, TO TAKE CARE OF PEOPLE.
EVEN PEOPLE WHO-- I'VE HAD
PEOPLE LOOK ME IN THE FACE AND
TELL ME IT'S NOT REAL, AND THAT
234
00:25:57,231 --> 00:26:02,136
THEY'RE PUTTING CHIPS IN YOUR
BODY.
>> Alfonsi: THAT HAS TO BE HARD,
AS A NURSE.
235
00:26:02,203 --> 00:26:05,540
>> Totten: IT'S-- IT'S REALLY
HARD.
>> Alfonsi: ESPECIALLY WHEN YOUR
FRIEND IS DOWN THE HALL.
236
00:26:05,606 --> 00:26:11,145
>> Totten: IT'S-- IT'S VERY
DFFICULT.
IT FEELS LIKE A SLAP IN THE
FACE.
237
00:26:11,212 --> 00:26:17,652
>> Smith: THIS IS OUR STORY, BUT
YOU COULD TAKE THIS STORY TO NEW
YORK, CHICAGO, L.A., PHOENIX,
YOU KNOW, ATLANTA.
238
00:26:17,719 --> 00:26:23,691
YOU WILL HEAR THIS STORY AT
PRETTY MUCH EVERY HOSPITAL,
EVERY HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ACROSS
THE COUNTRY RIGHT NOW.
239
00:26:23,758 --> 00:26:30,932
>> Alfonsi: WE INVITED DR. JASON
SMITH'S COLLEAGUES FROM THE TWO
OTHER LARGE MEDICAL SYSTEMS IN
LOUISVILLE TO JOIN OUR
240
00:26:30,999 --> 00:26:37,071
CONVERSATION.
DR. STEVEN HESTER IS CHIEF
MEDICAL OFFICER WITH NORTON
HEALTHCARE, AND DR. CHUCK
241
00:26:37,138 --> 00:26:40,641
ANDERSON IS WITH BAPTIST HEALTH.
RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU'RE HIRING
AT LEAST 50 NURSES RIGHT NOW,
OPEN POSITIONS.
242
00:26:40,708 --> 00:26:43,845
( LAUGHS )
AT LEAST 50.
>> Voices: YEAH.
>> Dr. Chuck Anderson: IF-- IF
243
00:26:43,911 --> 00:26:46,481
THEY WALK IN TOMORROW, WE'LL
TAKE THEM.
>> Alfonsi: YOU'LL TAKE THEM.
100?
244
00:26:46,547 --> 00:26:50,118
>> Anderson: YES.
>> Smith: YEAH.
>> Alfonsi: 150?
150 NURSES YOU'RE LOOKING FOR?
245
00:26:50,184 --> 00:26:59,160
>> Voices: YEAH.
>> Anderson: PRE-PANDEMIC, I
THINK WE ALL HAD A BUFFER.
I THINK OUR BUFFER IS A FINE
246
00:26:59,227 --> 00:27:06,768
LINE RIGHT NOW, AND THAT'S
WHAT'S MAKING IT DIFFICULT.
>> Alfonsi: THE SUPPLY OF
NURSING SCHOOL GRADUATES IS ALSO
247
00:27:06,834 --> 00:27:11,305
FALLING SHORT, LEAVING HOSPITALS
WITHOUT ENOUGH REINFORCEMENTS.
>> OKAY, WELL, WE'RE GOING TO
LOOK AT YOUR BELLY.
248
00:27:11,372 --> 00:27:17,678
>> Alfonsi: ALTHOUGH
APPLICATIONS TO NURSING SCHOOLS
ARE UP, RECORD NUMBERS OF
PROSPECTIVE NURSES ARE BEING
249
00:27:17,745 --> 00:27:25,553
DENIED ADMISSION BECAUSE THERE
AREN'T ENOUGH INSTRUCTORS.
LAST YEAR, 1,700 QUALIFIED
APPLICANTS IN KENTUCKY WERE
250
00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:30,725
TURNED AWAY FROM NURSING SCHOOLS
BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF TEACHERS.
>> Smith: THIS PANDEMIC WILL
END.
251
00:27:30,792 --> 00:27:35,530
ALL PANDEMICS END.
BUT IT'S THE CARRY-FORWARD FROM
WHAT WE'RE HAVING TO DO, AND THE
AMOUNT OF HUMAN CAPITAL THAT
252
00:27:35,596 --> 00:27:44,205
WE'RE BURNING THROUGH RIGHT NOW,
THAT ARE GOING TO IMPACT THE
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM FOR THE NEXT
TWO, FIVE, TEN YEARS.
253
00:27:44,272 --> 00:27:51,212
>> Alfonsi: AND A WAVE OF 70
MILLION AGING BABY BOOMERS IS
ABOUT TO FLOOD AMERICAN
HEALTHCARE.
254
00:27:51,279 --> 00:27:56,184
DOCTORS, TECHNICIANS, AND AN
ESTIMATED 270,000 NEW REGISTERED
NURSES WILL BE NEEDED TO HELP
CARE FOR THEM, ACCORDING TO THE
255
00:27:56,250 --> 00:28:02,857
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
WHY DO YOU THINK WE HAVEN'T BEEN
TALKING ABOUT WHAT'S NEXT?
>> Smith: WELL, IT'S A DIFFICULT
256
00:28:02,924 --> 00:28:07,662
CONVERSATION TO HAVE.
IT'S NOT RIGHT IN FRONT OF YOUR
FACE.
THIS IS, WHAT'S THE CHRONIC
257
00:28:07,728 --> 00:28:12,967
PROBLEM?
HOW AM I GOING TO MANAGE THE
CHRONIC PROBLEM?
AND IN HEALTHCARE, MANAGING
258
00:28:13,034 --> 00:28:19,173
CHRONIC PROBLEMS ARE OFTEN MUCH
MORE DIFFICULT THAN, YOU KNOW,
THE-- THE ACUTE PROBLEM.
WHAT WE'RE SEEING NOW, IN A
259
00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:23,478
PANDEMIC, MAY BECOME AN EVERYDAY
OCCURRENCE, AND THAT'S NOT
SOMETHING THAT WE CAN SUSTAIN
FOR DECADES.
260
00:28:23,544 --> 00:28:26,347
( TICKING )
261
00:28:27,348 --> 00:28:35,556
>> INSIDE THE MATERNITY WARD.
HOW COVID IS AFFECTING PREGNANT
WOMEN, THEIR BABIES, AND THE
DOCTORS WHO TREAT THEM.
262
00:28:35,623 --> 00:28:39,627
AT 60minutes
263
00:28:40,962 --> 00:28:52,039
( TICKING )
>> Anderson Cooper: LAST YEAR,
WHEN ARCHEOLOGISTS DETECTED WHAT
THEY BELIEVED TO BE 200 UNMARKED
264
00:28:52,106 --> 00:28:57,178
GRAVES AT AN OLD SCHOOL IN
CANADA, IT BROUGHT NEW ATTENTION
TO ONE OF THE MOST SHAMEFUL
CHAPTERS OF THAT NATION'S
265
00:28:57,245 --> 00:29:04,952
HISTORY.
STARTING IN THE 1880s, AND FOR
MUCH OF THE 20th CENTURY, MORE
THAN 150,000 CHILDREN FROM
266
00:29:05,019 --> 00:29:11,425
HUNDREDS OF INDIGENOUS
COMMUNITIES ACROSS CANADA WERE
FORCIBLY TAKEN FROM THEIR
PARENTS BY THE GOVERNMENT AND
267
00:29:11,492 --> 00:29:17,665
SENT TO WHAT WERE CALLED
RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS.
FUNDED BY THE STATE AND RUN BY
CHURCHES, THEY WERE DESIGNED TO
268
00:29:17,732 --> 00:29:24,672
ASSIMILATE AND CHRISTIANIZE
INDIGENOUS CHILDREN BY RIPPING
THEM FROM THEIR PARENTS, THEIR
CULTURE, AND THEIR COMMUNITY.
269
00:29:24,739 --> 00:29:32,947
THE CHILDREN WERE OFTEN REFERRED
TO AS SAVAGES AND FORBIDDEN FROM
SPEAKING THEIR LANGUAGES OR
PRACTICING THEIR TRADITIONS.
270
00:29:33,014 --> 00:29:40,955
MANY WERE PHYSICALLY AND
SEXUALLY ABUSED, AND THOUSANDS
OF CHILDREN NEVER MADE IT HOME.
THE LAST OF CANADA'S 139
271
00:29:41,022 --> 00:29:47,962
RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR
INDIGENOUS CHILDREN CLOSED IN
1998.
MOST HAVE BEEN TORN DOWN.
272
00:29:48,029 --> 00:29:53,334
BUT THE MUSKOWEKWAN RESIDENTIAL
SCHOOL IN SASKATCHEWAN STILL
STANDS.
ITS WINDOWS BOARDED UP.
273
00:29:53,401 --> 00:30:00,441
ITS ROOMS GUTTED.
A REMINDER TO A NATION THAT
WOULD RATHER FORGET.
A THREE-STORY TOMBSTONE, FOR
274
00:30:00,508 --> 00:30:05,346
GENERATIONS OF CHILDREN WHO DIED
HERE.
>> Leona Wolf: SOMETIMES, I WISH
IT WOULD BE GONE, FOR ALL WHAT
275
00:30:05,413 --> 00:30:10,284
HAPPENED HERE.
>> Cooper: YOU WISH THIS HAD
BEEN TORN DOWN?
>> Wolf: YEAH.
276
00:30:10,351 --> 00:30:17,358
I COULD HEAR EVERYTHING IN HERE,
WHAT WAS DONE.
IT LINGERS.
>> Cooper: LEONA WOLF, WHO COMES
277
00:30:17,425 --> 00:30:23,965
FROM THE MUSKOWEKWAN RESERVE,
WAS FIVE YEARS OLD WHEN SHE SAYS
SHE WAS TAKEN FROM HER HOME IN
1960.
278
00:30:24,031 --> 00:30:32,273
SCHOOL OFFICIALS AND POLICE
WOULD OFTEN SHOW UP UNANNOUNCED
IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES AND
ROUND UP CHILDREN, SOME AS YOUNG
279
00:30:32,340 --> 00:30:36,944
AS THREE.
PARENTS COULD BE JAILED IF THEY
REFUSED TO HAND THEIR CHILDREN
OVER.
280
00:30:37,011 --> 00:30:43,084
WHEN KIDS ARRIVED AT THEIR
SCHOOLS, THEIR TRADITIONAL LONG
HAIR WAS SHAVED OFF.
IF THEY TRIED TO SPEAK THEIR
281
00:30:43,150 --> 00:30:48,956
LANGUAGE, THEY WERE OFTEN
PUNISHED.
>> Wolf: THEY PUT ME IN A LITTLE
DARK ROOM, LIKE THAT.
282
00:30:49,023 --> 00:30:56,964
AND THEY'D SHUT THE DOOR AND
THEN THEY'D TAKE OFF THE LIGHT.
ALL I HAD TO LOOK THROUGH WAS
THIS MUCH LIGHT, LIKE I WAS IN
283
00:30:57,031 --> 00:31:03,104
JAIL.
>> Cooper: SHE SAYS THE ABUSE
MANY KIDS AT MUSKOWEKWAN
SUFFERED FROM THE CATHOLIC
284
00:31:03,170 --> 00:31:10,711
PRIESTS AND NUNS WASN'T JUST
PHYSICAL.
>> Wolf: FATHER JOYAL WAS
FONDLING THE GIRLS HERE.
285
00:31:10,778 --> 00:31:14,782
>> Cooper: A PRIEST, FATHER
JOYAL, WAS FONDLING GIRLS IN
THIS ROOM?
>> Wolf: YEAH.
286
00:31:14,849 --> 00:31:18,019
THIS USED TO BE SICK BAY.
THEY USED TO HAVE A BED HERE.
>> Cooper: AND HE WOULD TAKE
GIRLS INTO THE BED?
287
00:31:18,085 --> 00:31:24,025
>> Wolf: YEAH.
MY COUSIN.
>> Cooper: HE TOOK YOUR COUSIN
IN HERE?
288
00:31:24,091 --> 00:31:31,799
HOW OLD WAS SHE?
>> Wolf: SHE WAS ONLY EIGHT.
I GREW UP A VERY, VERY MEAN
WOMAN, BECAUSE OF ALL WHAT
289
00:31:31,866 --> 00:31:35,803
HAPPENED TO ME.
>> Cooper: YOU LEARNED THAT
HERE, YOU THINK?
>> Wolf: YEAH.
290
00:31:35,870 --> 00:31:42,043
>> Cooper: SHE IS NOT THE ONLY
ONE.
MORE THAN 150,000 CHILDREN WERE
SENT TO RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS,
291
00:31:42,109 --> 00:31:51,886
WHICH CANADA'S FIRST PRIME
MINISTER SUPPORTED, TO, IN HIS
WORDS, "SEVER CHILDREN FROM THE
TRIBE" AND "CIVILIZE" THEM.
292
00:31:51,952 --> 00:32:00,027
FOR MUCH OF THE 20th CENTURY,
THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
SUPPORTED THAT MISSION.
THIS REPORT AIRED IN 1955.
293
00:32:00,094 --> 00:32:05,099
>> THEY LEARN NOT ONLY GAMES AND
TRADITIONS, SUCH AS THE
CELEBRATION OF SAINT
VALENTINE'S DAY, BUT THE
294
00:32:05,166 --> 00:32:11,872
MASTERY OF WORDS.
>> Cooper: THE IDEA FOR THE
SCHOOLS CAME IN PART FROM THE
UNITED STATES.
295
00:32:11,939 --> 00:32:17,511
IN 1879, THE CARLISLE INDIAN
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL OPENED IN
PENNSYLVANIA, WHERE THIS PHOTO
WAS TAKEN OF NATIVE AMERICAN
296
00:32:17,578 --> 00:32:24,785
CHILDREN WHEN THEY FIRST
ARRIVED.
THIS IS THEM FOUR MONTHS LATER.
THE SCHOOL'S MOTTO WAS "KILL THE
297
00:32:24,852 --> 00:32:30,291
INDIAN, SAVE THE MAN."
>> Chief Wilton Littlechild:
CONSEQUENTLY, OURS WAS, "KILL
THE INDIAN IN THE CHILD."
298
00:32:30,358 --> 00:32:34,295
>> Cooper: "KILL THE INDIAN IN
THE CHILD."
>> Littlechild: MM-HMM.
>> Cooper: THAT WAS THE GUIDING
299
00:32:34,362 --> 00:32:40,368
PRINCIPLE HERE IN CANADA.
>> Littlechild: YEAH.
>> Cooper: CHIEF WILTON
LITTLECHILD, WHO IS CREE, WAS
300
00:32:40,434 --> 00:32:45,206
SIX YEARS OLD WHEN HE WAS TAKEN
TO THIS RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL IN
ALBERTA.
THEN, HE SAYS, HE WAS GIVEN A
301
00:32:45,272 --> 00:32:51,946
NEW NAME.
>> Littlechild: MY NAME WAS
NUMBER 65 FOR ALL THOSE YEARS.
>> Cooper: JUST A NUMBER.
302
00:32:52,012 --> 00:32:57,218
>> Littlechild: JUST A NUMBER,
YEAH.
"65, PICK THAT UP, STUPID," OR,
"65, WHY'D YOU DO THAT, IDIOT?"
303
00:32:57,284 --> 00:33:03,391
>> Cooper: WHAT DOES THAT FEEL
LIKE, AT SIX YEARS OLD, TO BE
CALLED A NUMBER?
>> Littlechild: WELL, I THINK
304
00:33:03,457 --> 00:33:09,163
THAT'S WHERE THE TRAUMA BEGINS.
NOT JUST THE PHYSICAL ABUSE--
PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE, SPIRITUAL
ABUSE.
305
00:33:09,230 --> 00:33:17,138
AND WORST OF ALL, SEXUAL ABUSE.
>> Cooper: YOU WERE SEXUALLY
ABUSED.
>> Littlechild: YES.
306
00:33:17,204 --> 00:33:25,212
I THINK THAT'S WHERE MY ANGER
BEGAN AS A YOUNG BOY.
>> Cooper: CHIEF LITTLECHILD
SAYS HE WAS ABLE TO TAKE SOME OF
307
00:33:25,279 --> 00:33:32,253
THAT ANGER OUT ON THE SCHOOL'S
HOCKEY RINK.
HE WON A SCHOLARSHIP TO
UNIVERSITY, AND GRADUATED,
308
00:33:32,319 --> 00:33:36,490
EVENTUALLY GOING ON TO A
DISTINGUISHED CAREER IN LAW.
BUT, HIS STORY IS THE EXCEPTION.
>> Littlechild: THEY DIDN'T KILL
309
00:33:36,557 --> 00:33:45,166
MY SPIRIT.
SO, I'M STILL CREE.
I'M STILL WHO I AM.
I'M NOT 65.
310
00:33:45,232 --> 00:33:53,140
MY NAME IS MAHIGAN PIMOTEYW.
SO, THEY DIDN'T KILL MY SPIRIT.
>> Cooper: IN 2008, AFTER
THOUSANDS OF SCHOOL SURVIVORS
311
00:33:53,207 --> 00:34:00,181
FILED LAWSUITS, THE CANADIAN
GOVERNMENT FORMALLY APOLOGIZED
FOR ITS POLICIES.
IT ALSO SET UP A $1.9 BILLION
312
00:34:00,247 --> 00:34:09,223
COMPENSATION FUND, AND
ESTABLISHED A TRUTH AND
RECONCILIATION COMMISSION THAT
CHIEF LITTLECHILD HELPED LEAD.
313
00:34:09,290 --> 00:34:17,231
FOR SIX YEARS, THE COMMISSION
HEARD TESTIMONY FROM SURVIVORS
ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
>> Helen Quewezance: AND SHE PUT
314
00:34:17,298 --> 00:34:24,238
ME UNDERWATER, SLAPPING ME AND
HITTING ME, SLAPPING ME AND
HITTING ME, AND PUNCHING ME AND
PUNCHING ME, AND HOLDING ME
315
00:34:24,305 --> 00:34:33,214
UNDER WATER, PULLING MY HAIR,
AND I THOUGHT, GOD, SHE'S GOING
TO KILL ME, I'M GOING TO DIE
FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL.
316
00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:45,292
>> Ted Quewezance: WE, AS LITTLE
BOYS AND LITTLE GIRLS, WE LOST
OUR INNOCENCE.
317
00:34:48,295 --> 00:34:53,234
>> Cooper: IN 2015, THE
COMMISSION CONCLUDED WHAT
HAPPENED WAS "CULTURAL
GENOCIDE."
318
00:34:53,300 --> 00:35:00,241
IT IDENTIFIED MORE THAN 3,000
CHILDREN WHO DIED FROM DISEASE
DUE TO OVERCROWDING,
MALNUTRITION, AND POOR
319
00:35:00,307 --> 00:35:08,015
SANITATION, OR DIED AFTER BEING
ABUSED OR TRYING TO RUN AWAY.
A GOVERNMENT STUDY IN 1909 FOUND
THE DEATH RATE IN SOME SCHOOLS
320
00:35:08,082 --> 00:35:14,755
WAS AS HIGH AS 20 TIMES THE
NATIONAL AVERAGE.
MOST SCHOOLS HAD THEIR OWN
CEMETERIES, AND SOMETIMES, WHEN
321
00:35:14,822 --> 00:35:21,929
CHILDREN DIED, THEIR PARENTS
WERE NEVER INFORMED.
>> Littlechild: IT'S REALLY
TRAUMATIC FOR THOSE FAMILIES WHO
322
00:35:21,996 --> 00:35:28,168
DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPENED TO
THEIR CHILD OR RELATIVE IN THE
SCHOOLS.
>> Cooper: WHY WEREN'T KIDS WHO
323
00:35:28,235 --> 00:35:35,376
DIED AT THE SCHOOLS, WHY WEREN'T
THEY SENT HOME?
>> Littlechild: TO SAVE MONEY.
>> Cooper: LAST YEAR,
324
00:35:35,442 --> 00:35:41,448
ARCHEOLOGISTS DETECTED WHAT THEY
SAID COULD BE 200 UNMARKED
GRAVES AT THIS FORMER SCHOOL IN
KAMLOOPS, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
325
00:35:41,515 --> 00:35:48,389
WEEKS LATER, A FURTHER 751
UNMARKED GRAVES WERE DETECTED
ACROSS FROM THE FORMER MARIEVAL
RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL ON THE
326
00:35:48,455 --> 00:35:54,295
COWESSESS RESERVE IN
SASKATCHEWAN.
THERE WAS ONCE A CATHOLIC
CEMETERY HERE, BUT THE
327
00:35:54,361 --> 00:36:03,470
HEADSTONES WERE BULLDOZED IN THE
1960s BY A PRIEST, AFTER A
DISPUTE WITH A FORMER CHIEF.
AND WHAT WERE THESE LISTS FOR?
328
00:36:03,537 --> 00:36:09,343
A SMALL TEAM OF RESEARCHERS HAS
BEEN TRYING TO DISCOVER THE
NAMES OF THOSE CHILDREN BURIED
HERE, BUT FOR DECADES, THE
329
00:36:09,410 --> 00:36:14,882
GOVERNMENT AND THE CHURCH HAD
BEEN RELUCTANT TO SHARE THEIR
RECORDS.
CHIEF CADMUS DELORME IS TRYING
330
00:36:14,949 --> 00:36:21,055
TO GET ANSWERS.
DO YOU KNOW THAT THEY'RE ALL
CHILDREN?
>> Chief Cadmus Delorme: WE
331
00:36:21,121 --> 00:36:28,562
CAN'T VERIFY HOW MUCH ARE
CHILDREN, BUT BASED ON THE
RESEARCH WE'RE DOING, A LOT OF
THEM WERE CHILDREN THAT WERE
332
00:36:28,629 --> 00:36:36,370
FORCED TO GO TO THE MARIEVAL
RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL, AND DIED IN
THE MARIEVAL RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL.
>> Cooper: CHIEF DELORME SAYS HE
333
00:36:36,437 --> 00:36:44,078
HOPES TO GIVE THE UNIDENTIFIED
CHILDREN A DIGNITY IN DEATH THAT
THEY NEVER RECEIVED IN LIFE.
>> Delorme: I WANT TO MAKE SURE
334
00:36:44,144 --> 00:36:52,886
THAT CANADA KNOWS THE TRUTH,
BECAUSE YOU CAN'T MOVE TO
RECONCILIATION UNTIL YOU ACCEPT
THE TRUTH.
335
00:36:52,953 --> 00:36:59,326
>> Cooper: THE DISCOVERIES OF
THE GRAVES OPENED DEEP WOUNDS.
MORE THAN A DOZEN CHURCHES HAVE
BEEN VANDALIZED OR DESTROYED,
336
00:36:59,393 --> 00:37:05,332
AND THOUSANDS HAVE MARCHED,
DEMANDING THE POPE APOLOGIZE AND
THE CHURCHES OPEN ARCHIVES TO
HELP IDENTIFY ANY MISSING
337
00:37:05,399 --> 00:37:12,439
CHILDREN.
INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES ACROSS
THE COUNTRY HAVE BEGUN
CONDUCTING THEIR OWN SEARCHES,
338
00:37:12,506 --> 00:37:17,411
USING GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR.
>> Kisha Supernant: WE'VE LAID
OUT A NUMBER OF GRIDS THROUGHOUT
THIS LANDSCAPE.
339
00:37:17,478 --> 00:37:22,983
>> Cooper: ARCHEOLOGISTS KISHA
SUPERNANT AND TERRY CLARK SAY 35
UNMARKED GRAVES HAVE BEEN
DISCOVERED AT THE MUSKOWEKWAN
340
00:37:23,050 --> 00:37:27,988
SCHOOL.
>> Terry Clark: THERE IS
SOMETHING GOING ON THERE THAT IS
NOT NATURAL.
341
00:37:28,055 --> 00:37:33,661
>> Cooper: WHEN WE WERE THERE
THIS PAST OCTOBER, THEY FOUND
WHAT APPEARED TO BE ANOTHER.
ACCORDING TO SURVIVOR ACCOUNTS,
342
00:37:33,727 --> 00:37:41,535
CHILDREN SOMETIMES HAD TO DIG
THEIR CLASSMATES' GRAVES.
THE PRIESTS OR THE SCHOOL
OFFICIALS WOULD FORCE THE KIDS
343
00:37:41,602 --> 00:37:46,106
TO DIG OTHER CHILDREN'S GRAVES?
>> Supernant: YEP, YEP.
CAN YOU IMAGINE BEING, LIKE, TEN
OR 11, AND DIGGING A GRAVE FOR
344
00:37:46,173 --> 00:37:54,448
YOUR CLASSMATE-- WHAT THAT MUST
HAVE BEEN LIKE?
>> Cooper: KISHA SUPERNANT SAYS
THE SEARCH FOR UNMARKED GRAVES
345
00:37:54,515 --> 00:38:00,287
WILL CONTINUE FOR YEARS.
>> Supernant: THIS IS VERY
EMOTIONAL WORK.
IT'S VERY DEVASTATING WORK.
346
00:38:00,354 --> 00:38:05,492
IT'S HEARTBREAKING FOR EVERYONE
WHO'S INVOLVED.
>> Cooper: YOU FEEL THAT TOO?
>> Supernant: I DO.
347
00:38:05,559 --> 00:38:12,599
OUR COMMUNITIES STILL FEEL THE
IMPACTS OF THESE INSTITUTIONS IN
OUR EVERYDAY LIVES.
WE'RE WAY OVER-REPRESENTED IN
348
00:38:12,666 --> 00:38:17,604
CHILD WELFARE AND ADOPTIONS AND
FOSTER CARE.
WE'RE WAY OVER-REPRESENTED IN
THE PRISONS.
349
00:38:17,671 --> 00:38:24,511
YOU CAN DRAW A DIRECT LINE WITH
THAT TO THESE PLACES, AND THE
PAIN OF THAT, THAT HAS BEEN
PASSED ON FROM GENERATION TO
350
00:38:24,578 --> 00:38:30,517
GENERATION.
>> Ed Bitternose: I STARTED
SCHOOL HERE IN 1958.
>> Cooper: ED BITTERNOSE, WHO IS
351
00:38:30,584 --> 00:38:38,826
CREE, UNDERSTANDS THAT PAIN.
HE WAS EIGHT YEARS OLD WHEN HE
WAS TAKEN TO THE MUSKOWEKWAN
SCHOOL.
352
00:38:38,892 --> 00:38:44,565
HIS PARENTS LIVED WITHIN SIGHT
OF THE SCHOOL, AND WHEN HE TRIED
TO RUN AWAY, HE SAYS THE PRIESTS
FORCED HIM TO KNEEL ON A BROOM
353
00:38:44,631 --> 00:38:50,971
HANDLE FOR THREE DAYS.
>> Bitternose: THAT'S WHERE MY
HOUSE WAS.
I WOULD SIT HERE AND WONDER WHY
354
00:38:51,038 --> 00:38:57,711
I COULDN'T BE HOME.
>> Cooper: THAT MUST HAVE BEEN
DEVASTATING.
>> Bitternose: YEAH.
355
00:38:57,778 --> 00:39:05,552
>> Cooper: IT WASN'T ONLY ADULTS
HE FEARED.
SOME STUDENTS, THEMSELVES
VICTIMS OF ABUSE, PREYED ON
356
00:39:05,619 --> 00:39:13,560
OTHER CHILDREN.
>> Cooper: WERE YOU ABUSED HERE?
>> Bitternose: YEAH, MM-HMM.
ACTUALLY, IN THIS ROOM HERE, BY
357
00:39:13,627 --> 00:39:18,899
ONE OF THE-- ONE OF THE-- ONE OF
THE BOYS.
>> Cooper: IN THIS VERY ROOM?
>> Bitternose: THIS VERY AREA
358
00:39:18,966 --> 00:39:25,606
HERE.
>> Cooper: LATER, HE SAYS, HE
WAS ALSO SEXUALLY MOLESTED BY A
NUN.
359
00:39:25,672 --> 00:39:30,611
WHEN HE LEFT SCHOOL, HE WAS
RUDDERLESS AND VIOLENT, AND
TURNED TO ALCOHOL.
WHEN HE GOT MARRIED, HE SAYS, HE
360
00:39:30,677 --> 00:39:36,583
DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO SHOW
AFFECTION.
YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT LOVE WAS?
>> Bitternose: NO.
361
00:39:36,650 --> 00:39:44,958
NO.
BECAUSE I NEVER FELT IT HERE.
I DIDN'T START SAYING I LOVED
HER TILL WE WERE MARRIED ABOUT
362
00:39:45,025 --> 00:39:49,263
40 YEARS, AND THEN I WAS VERY
CAREFUL HOW I SAID IT.
>> Cooper: YOU DIDN'T SAY TO
YOUR WIFE FOR 40 YEARS THAT YOU
363
00:39:49,329 --> 00:39:56,870
LOVED HER?
>> Bitternose: MM-HMM, YEAH.
>> Cooper: HE SAYS HIS LIFE
CHANGED WHEN HE BEGAN RE-
364
00:39:56,937 --> 00:40:03,811
DISCOVERING HIS CREE CULTURE.
RAISING BUFFALO AND SHARING
TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE WITH
CHILDREN BROUGHT HEALING, AND
365
00:40:03,877 --> 00:40:09,449
FINALLY, AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
WORD LOVE.
YOU CAN SAY THAT NOW?
>> Bitternose: I CAN SAY THAT
366
00:40:09,516 --> 00:40:14,788
NOW.
AND-- AND IT FEELS GOOD.
AND I STILL JOKE WITH MY WIFE
ABOUT THAT.
367
00:40:14,855 --> 00:40:18,458
"DON'T SAY THAT TOO LOUD," YOU
KNOW.
>> Cooper: SO, YOU CAN SAY IT,
YOU JUST DON'T WANT TO SAY IT
368
00:40:18,525 --> 00:40:21,461
TOO LOUD?
>> Bitternose: YES, UH-HUH.
YEAH.
>> Cooper: OKAY.
369
00:40:21,528 --> 00:40:25,599
YOU KNOW WHAT?
IT'S BETTER THAN NOTHING.
>> Bitternose: YES, THAT'S WHAT
SHE SAYS.
370
00:40:25,666 --> 00:40:33,540
>> Cooper: AS FOR LEONA WOLF,
HER LIFE AND THE LIVES OF HER
CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN HAVE
BEEN PLAGUED BY VIOLENCE AND
371
00:40:33,607 --> 00:40:41,548
SUBSTANCE ABUSE--
INTERGENERATIONAL TRAUMA, SHE
SAYS, THAT BEGAN THE DAY HER OWN
MOTHER WAS SENT TO SCHOOL AT
372
00:40:41,615 --> 00:40:45,552
MUSKOWEKWAN.
DID YOU SEE THE IMPACT OF THIS
PLACE ON YOUR MOM?
>> Wolf: YEAH.
373
00:40:45,619 --> 00:40:51,325
YEAH.
>> Cooper: HOW?
>> Wolf: YEAH, BY DRINKING A
LOT, BEING MEAN TO ME.
374
00:40:51,391 --> 00:40:58,599
AND IT IMPACT US, ME AND MY
BROTHER, AND MY SIBLINGS.
>> Cooper: WHAT WAS DONE TO HER,
SHE PASSED ON TO YOU.
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00:40:58,665 --> 00:41:05,606
AND WHAT WAS DONE TO YOU AND
OTHERS HERE...
>> Wolf: WAS PASSED ON TO MY
CHILDREN.
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00:41:05,672 --> 00:41:16,984
THIS IS WHY SOMETIMES I GO INTO
MY RAGE OF ANGER, AND I CRY,
BECAUSE IT ALL-- IT WAS ALL DONE
TO US, ALL OF US.
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00:41:17,050 --> 00:41:21,722
BUT IT'S GOING TO STOP NOW, YOU
KNOW?
IT IS.
>> Cooper: YOU BELIEVE THAT?
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00:41:21,788 --> 00:41:31,732
>> Wolf: I'M GOING TO-- I'M
BREAKING THE CYCLE, WITH MY
GREAT-GRANDCHILDREN.
HAIL MARY, FULL OF GRACE.
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00:41:31,798 --> 00:41:37,638
>> Cooper: LEONA WOLF HAS
RETURNED TO HER TRADITIONS AS
WELL.
WALKING THE HALLS OF
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00:41:37,704 --> 00:41:45,412
MUSKOWEKWAN, SHE BEGAN TO SING
"HAIL MARY," A PRAYER SHE WAS
FORCED TO LEARN HERE LONG AGO.
>> Wolf: ♪ HEY-A, HEY-A, HEY-O.
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00:41:45,479 --> 00:41:49,016
HEY, HEY-O, HEY-A, HEY-A.
♪ HEY, HEY-A, HEY, HEY-A, HEY-A,
HEY-O. ♪
>> Cooper: NOW, SHE SINGS IT HER
382
00:41:49,082 --> 00:41:54,621
OWN WAY.
>> Wolf: ♪ HEY, HEY-A, HEY-A,
HEY-A, HEY-O. ♪
>> Cooper: THAT'S NOT HOW YOU
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00:41:54,688 --> 00:42:00,060
SANG IT HERE WHEN YOU WERE IN
SCHOOL, THOUGH, WAS IT?
>> Wolf: NOPE.
>> Cooper: YOU MADE PEACE WITH
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00:42:00,127 --> 00:42:08,201
THE VIRGIN MARY BY SINGING THAT
SONG?
>> Wolf: YEAH, AND I MADE PEACE
WITH MYSELF.
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00:42:10,537 --> 00:42:17,678
>> Stahl: NEXT SUNDAY, WHILE
MUCH OF THE COUNTRY IS CHEERING
ON THE BENGALS OR RAMS, "60
MINUTES PRESENTS" WILL BE HERE
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00:42:17,744 --> 00:42:24,751
TO OFFER "CHEERS" OF OUR OWN.
WE'LL RAISE A GLASS TO THE WINE
INDUSTRY AS CHANGING WEATHER AND
CLIMATE CONDITIONS AFFECT HOW--
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00:42:24,818 --> 00:42:31,325
AND EVEN WHERE-- WINE GRAPES ARE
GROWN.
AND, WE'LL LIFT A PINT TO THE
ONCE-ENDANGERED TRADITIONAL
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00:42:31,391 --> 00:42:38,765
ENGLISH PUB, A CORNERSTONE OF
BRITISH CULTURE, NOW BATTLING
BACK FROM COVID AND NEAR-
EXTINCTION.
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00:42:38,832 --> 00:42:47,074
I'M LESLEY STAHL.
WE'LL BACK IN TWO WEEKS WITH A
BRAND-NEW EDITIO
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00:42:48,542 --> 00:42:56,616
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