1 00:00:00,667 --> 00:00:14,481 and FORD. We go further, so you can. >> WHO'S RESPONSIBLE WHEN A STUDENT DIES AFTER BEING HAZED 2 00:00:14,547 --> 00:00:18,718 AT COLLEGE? >> YO, GET OUT OF THE ROOM, YOU GUYS. >> THAT'S WHAT "60 MINUTES" 3 00:00:18,785 --> 00:00:25,225 TRIED TO FIND OUT, AFTER A FRESHMAN DIED FROM ALCOHOL POISONING AT A FRATERNITY HOUSE AT WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY. 4 00:00:25,291 --> 00:00:37,470 >> HAD HE SAID, "NO, I DON'T WANT TO DRINK," I'M CONFIDENT THAT HE WOULD NOT HAVE HAD TO HAVE TO DRINK. 5 00:00:37,537 --> 00:00:42,041 >> HE'D ALREADY HAD DATE NIGHT. ACTUALLY IT'S CALLED "BLACK-OUT DATE NIGHT," I BELIEVE. ( TICKING ) 6 00:00:42,108 --> 00:00:48,348 >> THESE ARE THE VIRUNGA VOLCANOES, HOME TO MOST OF THE WORLD'S MOUNTAIN GORILLAS. DIAN FOSSEY APTLY CALLED THEM 7 00:00:48,415 --> 00:00:57,924 GORILLAS IN THE MIST. BUT WHEN THE MIST LIFTS? THEY ARE GORILLAS IN THE SUN, DOING WHAT MOUNTAIN GORILLAS DO: 8 00:00:57,991 --> 00:01:06,065 EAT, REST, EAT SOME MORE, AND SNUGGLE. >> WHEN YOU LOOK IN THE EYES OF A GORILLA, YOU SEE A KINDRED 9 00:01:06,132 --> 00:01:08,735 SPIRIT LOOKING BACK AT YOU. ( TICKING ) 10 00:01:09,736 --> 00:01:14,240 >> READY IF YOU ARE? >> YES! YOU WANT ME TO SLATE MYSELF? >> YES, PLEASE. 11 00:01:14,307 --> 00:01:21,181 >> RIGHT. RITA MORENO, WITH ONE OF THE WORLD'S HANDSOMEST MEN OF COLOR. EVER. 12 00:01:21,247 --> 00:01:25,785 >> OKAY, INTERVIEW OVER! ( LAUGHTER ) >> WE'RE DONE. >> CAN'T DO ANY BETTER THAN 13 00:01:25,852 --> 00:01:32,559 THAT. OKAY, I JUST WANT TO ASK YOU ABOUT THE OBVIOUS-- ALL OF YOUR HONORS AND AWARDS. 14 00:01:32,625 --> 00:01:37,597 >> AIN'T IT GRAND? ♪ ♪ ♪ (♪ "AMERICA" ♪) >> LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, RITA 15 00:01:37,664 --> 00:01:40,166 MORENO! >> THIS IS MARVELOUS! ( TICKING ) 16 00:01:42,302 --> 00:01:47,407 >> I'M LESLEY STAHL. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI. 17 00:01:47,474 --> 00:01:54,247 >> I'M JON WERTHEIM. >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STORIES AND MORE, TONIGHT, ON "60 MINUTES." 18 00:01:54,314 --> 00:02:00,787 ( TICKING ) 19 00:02:02,489 --> 00:02:07,327 >> Anderson Cooper: WE'VE ALL HEARD THE STORY: A HEALTHY YOUNG MAN IS HOSPITALIZED OR DIES AFTER BEING HAZED PLEDGING A 20 00:02:07,393 --> 00:02:15,034 COLLEGE FRATERNITY. DESPITE YEARS OF EDUCATION CAMPAIGNS AND ATTEMPTS TO STOP UNDERAGE DRINKING, THE HAZING 21 00:02:15,101 --> 00:02:20,373 CONTINUES. SOME VICTIMS' PARENTS ARE WORKING WITH LEADERS OF NATIONAL FRATERNITIES, PUSHING FOR 22 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:26,946 TOUGHER LAWS AGAINST HAZING, WHILE OTHER PARENTS CHARGE THE NATIONAL FRATERNITIES THAT OVERSEE THE LOCAL CHAPTERS, ARE, 23 00:02:27,013 --> 00:02:34,621 THEMSELVES, PART OF THE PROBLEM. WHEN A FRESHMAN NAMED SAM MARTINEZ DIED PLEDGING ALPHA TAU OMEGA AT WASHINGTON STATE 24 00:02:34,687 --> 00:02:41,728 UNIVERSITY IN 2019, HIS PARENTS SAID THE NATIONAL FRATERNITY HID THE LOCAL CHAPTER'S HISTORY OF HAZING, AND HINDERED THE 25 00:02:41,794 --> 00:02:49,202 INVESTIGATION INTO THEIR SON'S DEATH. >> Jolayne Houtz: IF WE HAD KNOWN EVEN A FRACTION OF WHAT WE 26 00:02:49,269 --> 00:02:54,941 KNOW NOW, SAM NEVER WOULD'VE WANTED TO JOIN THAT FRATERNITY. WE FEEL DUPED. >> Cooper: BY WHOM? 27 00:02:55,008 --> 00:03:01,981 >> Houtz: BY ALPHA TAU OMEGA, THE NATIONAL FRATERNITY, THE CHAPTER ON THAT CAMPUS, AND BY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY. 28 00:03:02,048 --> 00:03:09,255 >> Cooper: JOLAYNE HOUTZ AND HECTOR MARTINEZ SAID THEY KNEW THEIR SON, SAM, HAD BEEN PLEDGING ALPHA TAU OMEGA FOR 29 00:03:09,322 --> 00:03:15,161 MORE THAN TWO MONTHS, BUT WERE UNAWARE THAT, ACCORDING TO THE POLICE REPORT, SOME WITNESSES SAID HE'D ALREADY ENDURED BEING 30 00:03:15,228 --> 00:03:22,769 HIT, TACKLED, AND ASKED TO CONSUME LARGE QUANTITIES OF ALCOHOL BY A.T.O. MEMBERS. THEY LAST SPOKE WITH SAM AROUND 31 00:03:22,835 --> 00:03:29,742 5:00 P.M. ON NOVEMBER 11, 2019. >> Houtz: WE TOLD HIM THAT WE LOVED HIM. AND HE SAID, "I LOVE YOU TOO." 32 00:03:29,809 --> 00:03:35,348 AND THAT WAS THE LAST TIME THAT WE GOT TO TALK TO HIM. >> Hector Martinez: I REMEMBER WE, WE S-- WE SAY, "TAKE CARE OF 33 00:03:35,415 --> 00:03:40,620 YOURSELF." AND HE SAY, "DON'T WORRY, I GOT IT." >> Cooper: AROUND 9:00 P.M., SAM 34 00:03:40,687 --> 00:03:46,859 WAS SUMMONED BY FRATERNITY MEMBERS TO "BIG LITTLE NIGHT," WHEN EACH PLEDGE LEARNED WHO THEIR "BIG BROTHER" WAS, AND, 35 00:03:46,926 --> 00:03:54,934 ACCORDING TO POLICE, GOT INTRODUCED TO THE SO-CALLED "FAMILY DRINK." A.T.O. RULES FORBID HAZING AND 36 00:03:55,001 --> 00:04:02,842 ALCOHOL AT THE FRATERNITY HOUSE, BUT SAM RECORDED THIS VIDEO SHORTLY AFTER HE AND ANOTHER PLEDGE WERE GIVEN NEARLY HALF A 37 00:04:02,909 --> 00:04:07,046 GALLON OF RUM BY THEIR "BIG BROTHER"- THE EQUIVALENT OF ABOUT 40 SHOTS. >> Gary Jenkins: AND BASICALLY 38 00:04:07,113 --> 00:04:10,750 TOLD, "GO AHEAD AND START DRINKING." >> Cooper: TWO PEOPLE DRINKING ALMOST HALF A GALLON OF RUM? 39 00:04:10,817 --> 00:04:17,023 >> Jenkins: CORRECT. >> Cooper: GARY JENKINS IS CHIEF OF POLICE IN PULLMAN, WASHINGTON, WHERE WASHINGTON 40 00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:25,999 STATE UNIVERSITY IS LOCATED. HE OVERSAW THE INVESTIGATION INTO SAM MARTINEZ' DEATH. >> Jenkins: IT WAS ABOUT A HALF 41 00:04:26,065 --> 00:04:29,836 AN HOUR LATER, THAT, WITNESSES WERE TELLING US, THERE WAS ONLY ABOUT 2.5 INCHES LEFT IN THAT-- >> Cooper: WOW. 42 00:04:29,902 --> 00:04:34,607 >> Jenkins: --HALF-GALLON BOTTLE. >> Cooper: IT WASN'T THE FIRST VIOLATION OF A.T.O.'S 43 00:04:34,674 --> 00:04:42,949 DRY POLICY THAT SEMESTER. SAM SHOT THIS VIDEO IN THE FRATERNITY BASEMENT IN AUGUST. ONE YOUNG MAN IS LEANING OVER A 44 00:04:43,016 --> 00:04:48,454 GARBAGE CAN. TWO OTHERS APPEAR PASSED OUT. THIS ONE IS PROPPED UP WITH A BACKPACK. 45 00:04:48,521 --> 00:04:55,028 >> Jenkins: THEY WOULD PUT A BACKPACK ON SOMEONE SO THEY WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO STAY ON THEIR BACK AND POTENTIALLY 46 00:04:55,094 --> 00:05:01,567 INHALE THEIR OWN VOMIT WHILE THEY WERE UNCONSCIOUS. >> Cooper: ACCORDING TO THE POLICE REPORT, WHEN SAM PASSED 47 00:05:01,634 --> 00:05:06,939 OUT, HE TOO WAS LEFT ON A SOFA IN THE BASEMENT. HE DIED OF ACUTE ALCOHOL POISONING HOURS LATER. 48 00:05:07,006 --> 00:05:14,781 >> Jenkins: IT WAS STRICTLY FROM TOO MUCH ALCOHOL IN HIS SYSTEM, THAT SHUT DOWN HIS-- HIS ORGANS. >> Cooper: I ASSUME IT WOULD'VE 49 00:05:14,847 --> 00:05:18,985 MADE A DIFFERENCE IF, WHEN HE HAD FIRST PASSED OUT, SOMEBODY HAD CALLED 911? >> Jenkins: ABSOLUTELY. 50 00:05:19,052 --> 00:05:23,222 >> Cooper: OR TAKEN HIM TO AN EMERGENCY ROOM? >> Jenkins: SURE. I MEAN, HE WAS-- HE WAS ALIVE 51 00:05:23,289 --> 00:05:28,628 TILL AROUND 4:00 OR 4:30 IN THE MORNING. ANY TIME BEFORE THEN, MORE THAN LIKELY, HIS LIFE WOULD'VE BEEN 52 00:05:28,695 --> 00:05:38,771 SAVED. >> Cooper: A FRATERNITY MEMBER DID FINALLY CALL 911, AT 8:30 A.M. 53 00:05:38,838 --> 00:05:44,444 POLICE AND E.M.T.s FOUND SAM'S BODY ON THE BASEMENT FLOOR. HIS BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL WAS NEARLY FIVE TIMES THE LEGAL 54 00:05:44,510 --> 00:05:48,881 LIMIT. >> YO, GET OUT OF THE ROOM, YOU GUYS. >> Coper: LATER, ACCORDING TO 55 00:05:48,948 --> 00:05:54,921 POLICE, THE FRATERNITY'S STUDENT PRESIDENT TOLD THEM HE GOT ADVICE FROM A.T.O.'S NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS THAT CHIEF JENKINS 56 00:05:54,987 --> 00:06:00,993 SAID HAMPERED THE INVESTIGATION. >> Jenkins: THE STUDENT PRESIDENT OF THE FRATERNITY TOLD US THAT THEY GOT WORD FROM 57 00:06:01,060 --> 00:06:09,669 NATIONAL TO-- TO INSTRUCT ALL OF THEIR MEMBERS TO DELETE ALL THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA. AND SO, THAT TELLS ME A LOT 58 00:06:09,736 --> 00:06:13,906 ABOUT-- ABOUT THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION, WHETHER THEY'RE REALLY INTERESTED IN THE TRUTH. >> Cooper: DID THEY PREVENT 59 00:06:13,973 --> 00:06:19,412 JUSTICE? >> Jenkins: I THINK SO. I THINK THERE WAS VERY LIKELY INFORMATION THAT WOULD BE VERY 60 00:06:19,479 --> 00:06:26,819 RELEVANT TO THE INVESTIGATION OF SAM'S DEATH THAT WOULD'VE BEEN IN SOCIAL MEDIA, THAT NOW WE'LL NEVER KNOW. 61 00:06:26,886 --> 00:06:31,424 >> Cooper: EIGHT MONTHS AFTER SAM'S DEATH, HIS PARENTS FILED SUIT AGAINST A.T.O., ITS MEMBERS, AND WASHINGTON STATE 62 00:06:31,491 --> 00:06:37,330 UNIVERSITY. DOUG FIERBERG, THEIR ATTORNEY, HAS LITIGATED MORE THAN 40 HAZING CASES DURING THE LAST TWO 63 00:06:37,396 --> 00:06:42,101 DECADES. >> Doug Fierberg: THIS IS AN INDUSTRY THAT'S BEEN INVOLVED IN THIS SORT OF MISCONDUCT FOR 64 00:06:42,168 --> 00:06:46,739 DECADES. >> Cooper: I DON'T THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK OF FRATERNITIES AS AN INDUSTRY. 65 00:06:46,806 --> 00:06:52,645 >> Fierberg: IT'S A NETWORK OF ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE THERE TRYING TO SOLICIT MEMBERSHIP FROM YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE AWAY 66 00:06:52,712 --> 00:06:58,584 FROM HOME, OFTEN FOR THE FIRST TIME, AND IT'S CLEARLY DESIGNED TO MAKE MONEY, LIKE ANY OTHER INDUSTRY. 67 00:06:58,651 --> 00:07:04,624 >> Cooper: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF FRATERNITY LEADERSHIP? >> Fierberg: THEY HAVE COMPLETE CONTROL, BUT ALSO PAIR THAT WITH 68 00:07:04,690 --> 00:07:10,997 DENIABILITY. BECAUSE, PRINCIPAL TO THEM IS THIS IDEA THAT WHEN SOMEBODY DIES-- AND THAT'S GOING TO 69 00:07:11,063 --> 00:07:18,404 HAPPEN-- OR WHEN SOMEBODY IS SEXUALLY ASSAULTED-- AND THAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN-- THAT THEY HAVE SOME BLOCKADE BETWEEN THEM AND 70 00:07:18,471 --> 00:07:27,079 THE VICTIM, IN TERMS OF LIABILITY. >> Wynn Smiley: MY PRIMARY GOAL, WHEN SAM DIED, WAS TO FIND OUT 71 00:07:27,146 --> 00:07:34,620 WHAT HAPPENED. LIABILITY WAS THE LAST THING ON MY MIND. >> Cooper: WYNN SMILEY HAS BEEN 72 00:07:34,687 --> 00:07:42,595 C.E.O. OF ALPHA TAU OMEGA'S NATIONAL FRATERNITY ORGANIZATION FOR 25 YEARS AND REPORTS TO A BOARD OF DIRECTORS THAT HAS 73 00:07:42,662 --> 00:07:50,536 AUTHORITY OVER ITS MULTIMILLION DOLLAR BUDGET. HE SAID THEY SET THE RULES FOR A.T.O.'S 137 LOCAL CHAPTERS 74 00:07:50,603 --> 00:07:55,241 NATIONWIDE, EDUCATE MEMBERS AGGRESSIVELY ON THEIR POLICIES BANNING HAZING AND UNDERAGE DRINKING, AND HAVE THE POWER TO 75 00:07:55,308 --> 00:08:02,715 SHUT LOCAL CHAPTERS DOWN. AFTER SAM'S DEATH, WYNN SMILEY FLEW TO WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY THE NEXT DAY. 76 00:08:02,782 --> 00:08:10,623 >> Smiley: WE WANTED TO FIND OUT WHO BROKE A.T.O. POLICY. THEY KNOWINGLY DECIDED TO PROVIDE ALCOHOL TO SAM, WHICH IS 77 00:08:10,690 --> 00:08:18,130 A VIOLATION NOT ON-- ONLY OF OUR ALCOHOL POLICY, BUT ALSO OF OUR HAZING POLICY. >> Cooper: WE UNDERSTAND YOU 78 00:08:18,197 --> 00:08:25,004 CAME WITH AN "INSURANCE ADJUSTER." >> Smiley: I CAME WITH LINDA, WHO IS A GREAT INVESTIGATOR. 79 00:08:25,071 --> 00:08:28,507 SHE ACTS LIKE A MOTHER, AS IT RELATES TO THEM FEELING-- FEELING COMFORTABLE WITH HER. >> Cooper: IS SHE AN INSURANCE 80 00:08:28,574 --> 00:08:33,346 ADJUSTER? >> Smiley: SHE IS. >> Cooper: DO YOU TURN OVER THE RESULTS OF ANY INTERVIEWS YOU'VE 81 00:08:33,412 --> 00:08:37,884 DONE WITH MEMBERS TO THE POLICE? >> Smiley: DEPENDS ON THE SITUATION. >> Cooper: IN SAM'S DEATH, DID 82 00:08:37,950 --> 00:08:42,755 YOU? >> Smiley: I HA-- I-- I DON'T-- I DON'T RECALL, FRANKLY. >> Cooper: IF YOU WANT TO BE 83 00:08:42,822 --> 00:08:46,492 TRANSPARENT, YOU WOULD TURN OVER THE RESULTS OF THOSE INTERVIEWS TO THE POLICE, NO? >> Smiley: WE WOULD HAVE 84 00:08:46,559 --> 00:08:52,431 CERTAINLY PROVIDED THAT INFORMATION, HAD WE-- HAD THE POLICE ASKED. >> Cooper: CHIEF JENKINS TOLD US 85 00:08:52,498 --> 00:08:58,738 HIS OFFICERS WERE UNAWARE WYNN SMILEY AND ALPHA TAU OMEGA'S INSURANCE ADJUSTER WERE CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION, AND 86 00:08:58,804 --> 00:09:04,644 RECEIVED NO INFORMATION FROM A.T.O. ABOUT WHAT MEMBERS TOLD THEM. THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRATERNITY 87 00:09:04,710 --> 00:09:14,120 TOLD THE POLICE THAT, AND I'M QUOTING, "NATIONAL'S A.T.O. HAD TOLD THEM TO DELETE ALL THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA." 88 00:09:14,186 --> 00:09:22,461 >> Smiley: ANY TIME THE CHAPTER IS IN A SITUATION WHERE IT HAS KNOWINGLY VIOLATED A.T.O. POLICY, AND WE KNOW THAT THERE'S 89 00:09:22,528 --> 00:09:26,832 GOING TO BE NEWS COVERAGE, WE ADVISE CHAPTERS TO TAKE DOWN THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA. WE DID NOT TELL THEM TO 90 00:09:26,899 --> 00:09:32,505 "DELETE." WE NEVER TELL ANYBODY DELETE-- DELETE ANYBODY'S SOCIAL MEDIA. >> Cooper: DID YOU TELL MEMBERS 91 00:09:32,571 --> 00:09:37,710 TO SAVE ALL OF THEIR COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED THAT NIGHT, IN ORDER TO GIVE IT TO POLICE? 92 00:09:37,777 --> 00:09:44,650 >> Smiley: WE TOLD MEMBERS TO COOPERATE FULLY WITH THE POLICE. >> SO, IF YOU HAVE ANYTHING THAT YOU WANT TO TELL US? 93 00:09:44,717 --> 00:09:50,089 >> Cooper: BUT ACCORDING TO CHIEF JENKINS, FRATERNITY MEMBERS WERE NOT PARTICULARLY COOPERATIVE. 94 00:09:50,156 --> 00:09:54,927 >> Jenkins: WE DEFINITELY FOUND THAT, WHEN INTERVIEWING FRATERNITY MEMBERS, THAT THEY WERE LESS THAN FORTHCOMING. 95 00:09:54,994 --> 00:10:01,968 AND-- AND WE FOUND A LOT OF CONFLICTS BETWEEN WHAT THEY TOLD US AND WHAT OTHER PEOPLE TOLD US, WHO KNEW WHAT WAS HAPPENING. 96 00:10:02,034 --> 00:10:06,939 >> Cooper: SAM'S PARENTS SAY IT WAS ONLY AFTER HIS DEATH THEY LEARNED A.T.O. HAD A TROUBLED PAST AT WASHINGTON STATE 97 00:10:07,006 --> 00:10:14,380 UNIVERSITY. IN 2013, W.S.U. PUT THE FRATERNITY ON PROBATION FOR NINE MONTHS BECAUSE OF ALCOHOL- 98 00:10:14,447 --> 00:10:20,820 RELATED HAZING. >> Houtz: PARENTS NEED TO SEE THE TRACK RECORD, THE DISCIPLINARY HISTORY OF THESE 99 00:10:20,886 --> 00:10:26,392 FRATERNITIES, SO THAT, YOU KNOW, WE CAN BE INFORMED. >> Cooper: THEY COULD EASILY DO THAT. 100 00:10:26,459 --> 00:10:33,966 >> Houtz: I THINK SO. >> Cooper: IN 2018, AFTER ANOTHER COMPLAINT OF HAZING, A.T.O.'S NATIONAL OFFICE STEPPED 101 00:10:34,033 --> 00:10:38,938 IN AND REMOVED NEARLY HALF THE CHAPTER'S MEMBERS-- SOME 30 STUDENTS-- THOUGH A.T.O. NEVER DISCLOSED WHY. 102 00:10:39,005 --> 00:10:46,645 DID YOU MAKE THAT INFORMATION PUBLIC ANYWHERE? >> Smiley: WE HAD THAT CONVERSATION WITH THE MEMBERS, 103 00:10:46,712 --> 00:10:51,050 IN TERMS OF WHY THEY'RE BEING EXPELLED, AND THEY CAN CERTAINLY SHARE THAT WITH WHOMEVER THEY WANT. 104 00:10:51,117 --> 00:10:58,624 >> Cooper: BUT YOU DON'T PUBLISH INFORMATION ON YOUR WEBSITE ABOUT WHAT YOU FIND. WHY NOT BE UP-FRONT ABOUT WHAT 105 00:10:58,691 --> 00:11:04,397 YOU ACTUALLY FOUND? >> Smiley: WE'RE MOVING FORWARD WITH THE MEN WHO ARE IN THE CHAPTER, WHO WE BELIEVE-- 106 00:11:04,463 --> 00:11:10,636 >> Cooper: YOU PUT A LOT OF VERY POSITIVE STUFF ABOUT A.T.O. ON YOUR WEBSITE. DON'T YOU ALSO OWE IT TO 107 00:11:10,703 --> 00:11:14,874 POTENTIAL PLEDGES AND THEIR PARENTS TO GIVE THEM INFORMATION WHEN THEY'RE LOOKING AT YOUR FRATERNITY? 108 00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:18,044 >> Smiley: IF WE THOUGHT THAT WOULD HELP, BUT WE DON'T CONSIDER IT-- >> Cooper: WHY DON'T YOU THINK 109 00:11:18,110 --> 00:11:21,480 THAT WOULD HELP? >> Smiley: BECAUSE I DON'T THINK THAT-- I DON'T THINK UNDERGRADUATES LOOK AT WEBSITES. 110 00:11:21,547 --> 00:11:25,117 AND I DON'T THINK-- >> Cooper: WAIT! ( LAUGHS ) WAIT A MINUTE. 111 00:11:25,184 --> 00:11:28,888 YOU-- YOU "DON'T THINK UNDERGRADUATES LOOK AT WEBSITES"? YOU KNOW THAT IF YOU PUT ALL 112 00:11:28,954 --> 00:11:34,627 THIS INFORMATION ON YOUR WEBSITE, IT MIGHT DISSUADE PEOPLE FROM CHOOSING TO PLEDGE YOUR FRATERNITY. 113 00:11:34,693 --> 00:11:39,265 >> Smiley: THAT'S-- THAT'S NOT WHY WE WOULDN'T PUT IT ON. WE'RE CONSIDERING-- WE'RE LOOKING AT THAT. 114 00:11:39,331 --> 00:11:46,639 >> Cooper: WYNN SMILEY TOLD US HE SUPPORTS EFFORTS TO INCREASE CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR HAZING, BUT DOESN'T BELIEVE HIS NATIONAL 115 00:11:46,705 --> 00:11:52,278 ORGANIZATION HAS A DUTY TO SUPERVISE ITS LOCAL CHAPTERS. >> Smiley: THESE ARE SELF- GOVERNING, INDEPENDENT 116 00:11:52,344 --> 00:11:56,148 ORGANIZATIONS FOR A REASON. >> Cooper: RIGHT. BUT YOU-- YOU WANT THEM TO BE. YOU ARE MAKING MONEY FROM THEM. 117 00:11:56,215 --> 00:12:00,719 OU CAN SHUT THEM DOWN. YOU CAN GO IN AND TELL THEM THAT YOU'RE GOING TO DRUG-TEST. YOU DO HAVE A SUPERVISORY 118 00:12:00,786 --> 00:12:06,592 FUNCTION; YOU JUST ARE NOT WANTING TO EMBRACE IT. >> Smiley: AND IF WE THOUGHT THAT THAT WOULD BE EFFECTIVE, WE 119 00:12:06,659 --> 00:12:10,629 MAY CONSIDER THAT. >> Cooper: YOU DON'T WANT ANY ADULT SUPERVISION THAT'S DIRECTLY LINKED TO YOU. 120 00:12:10,696 --> 00:12:14,934 YOU DON'T FEEL THAT WOULD BE BENEFICIAL. >> Smiley: WE'RE NOT CONVINCED THAT THAT WOULD NECESSARILY BE 121 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:20,506 BENEFICIAL. >> Jenkins: I DON'T THINK THEY COULD BE MORE WRONG. I THINK HAVING AN ADULT THERE, 122 00:12:20,573 --> 00:12:25,377 TO OVERSEE WHAT'S GOING ON AND ENSURE THAT THEY ARE COMPLYING WITH THEIR OWN HANDBOOK-- EVERYTHING THAT WAS GOING ON WAS 123 00:12:25,444 --> 00:12:30,950 IN VIOLATION OF WHAT THEIR HANDBOOK SAYS. >> Houtz: THEY SET THEMSELVES UP TO ENSURE THAT IF SOMETHING GOES 124 00:12:31,016 --> 00:12:38,924 WRONG, THAT THEY CAN'T BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE. AND THEY'LL POINT TO THE ROGUE FRATERNITY MEMBERS OR THEY'LL 125 00:12:38,991 --> 00:12:44,330 POINT TO THE UNIVERSITY OR THEY'LL POINT AT THE YOUNG DEAD PLEDGE AND BLAME THEM, BUT IT'S NEVER THEIR FAULT. 126 00:12:44,396 --> 00:12:49,935 >> Cooper: DID THEY TRY TO BLAME SAM? >> Houtz: OH YEAH. WHY WAS HE DRINKING THAT NIGHT? 127 00:12:50,002 --> 00:12:56,809 IT'S-- THAT'S NOT WHAT WE DO HERE. >> Cooper: WYNN SMILEY SAYS SAM MARTINEZ WASN'T BULLIED OR 128 00:12:56,876 --> 00:13:03,082 PRESSURED INTO DRINKING THE NIGHT HE DIED. >> Smiley: WHEN PUSH COMES TO SHOVE, THE PLEDGES CAN STAND UP 129 00:13:03,149 --> 00:13:06,485 AND SAY, "NO." >> Cooper: WAIT A MINUTE, WAIT A MINUTE, COME ON. >> Smiley: AND I DON'T WANT TO 130 00:13:06,552 --> 00:13:10,623 PUT-- I DON'T WANT TO PUT THAT ON THEM. I DON'T WANT TO PUT THAT ON THEM, BECAUSE THAT'S NOT FAIR. 131 00:13:10,689 --> 00:13:14,927 I'M JUST SAYING THAT- >> Cooper: BUT-- BUT COME ON. YOU KNOW IF A PLEDGE SAYS, "THIS IS RIDICULOUS. 132 00:13:14,994 --> 00:13:23,402 I'M NOT GOING TO DRINK HOT SAUCE, I'M NOT GOING TO DO, YOU KNOW, SQUATS AGAINST THE WALL, AND I'M NOT GOING TO DO 20 SHOTS 133 00:13:23,469 --> 00:13:28,641 OF RUM," THEY WOULDN'T GET INTO THE FRATERNITY. >> Smiley: NO, AND I'M TELLING YOU THEY WOULD. 134 00:13:28,707 --> 00:13:34,413 >> Cooper: THIS IS THE SECOND- BIGGEST NIGHT IN THE ENTIRE PLEDGE PROCESS THAT SAM HAS UNDERTAKEN. 135 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:38,817 >> Smiley: HE WAS PROVIDED THE ALCOHOL, SHOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN PROVIDED THE ALCOHOL-- >> Cooper: HE WASN'T "PROVIDED 136 00:13:38,884 --> 00:13:44,857 THE ALCOHOL," LIKE SOMEBODY JUST GOES AND GETS BEER FOR SOME KIDS HANGING OUTSIDE A 7-ELEVEN. HE WAS HANDED A-- NEARLY HALF A 137 00:13:44,924 --> 00:13:48,494 GALLON OF RUM. YOU'RE SAYING H-- IF HE HAD JUST SAID, "YOU KNOW WHAT? NO, THIS IS RIDICULOUS," THEY 138 00:13:48,561 --> 00:13:52,264 WOULD'VE SAID, "GREAT. YOU-- YOU CAN BE A MEMBER OF OUR FRATERNITY. THAT'S GREAT. 139 00:13:52,331 --> 00:13:58,637 THAT SHOWS SPUNK ON YOUR PART." YOU THINK THAT'S WHAT WOULD HAVE HAPPENED? >> Smiley: HAD HE SAID, "NO, I 140 00:13:58,704 --> 00:14:02,942 DON'T WANT TO DRINK," I'M CONFIDENT THAT HE WOULD NOT HAVE HAD TO HAVE DRINKED. >> Cooper: HE'D ALREADY HAD DATE 141 00:14:03,008 --> 00:14:07,413 NIGHT. ACTUALLY IT'S CALLED "BLACK-OUT DATE NIGHT," I BELIEVE. WHAT HAPPENS ON BLACK-OUT DATE 142 00:14:07,479 --> 00:14:14,453 NIGHT? >> Smiley: SO, WHOEVER ORGANIZED THAT EVENT, FOR THE FRATERNITY, AGAIN, DID SO OUTSIDE OF A.T.O. 143 00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:17,623 POLICY. AND PEOPLE WERE-- WERE CONNECTED WITH DATES, OR THEY BROUGHT A DATE-- 144 00:14:17,690 --> 00:14:21,794 >> Cooper: THEY WERE HANDCUFFED TO DATES. >> Smiley: SOME WERE. AND-- 145 00:14:21,860 --> 00:14:25,798 >> Cooper: YEAH, WELL, HE WAS HANDCUFFED TO A WOMAN, AND TOLD TO DRINK-- I THINK IT WAS A HALF-BOTTLE OF VODKA. 146 00:14:25,864 --> 00:14:33,706 >> Smiley: AND SHOULD HAVE NEVER BEEN PUT IN THAT POSITION. >> Cooper: IN JULY, ALPHA TAU OMEGA SETTLED THE LAWSUIT 147 00:14:33,772 --> 00:14:39,278 BROUGHT BY SAM MARTINEZ' PARENTS WITHOUT ADMITTING WRONGDOING. WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY REMOVED ITS RECOGNITION OF THE 148 00:14:39,345 --> 00:14:46,652 CHAPTER, AND THEN A.T.O. REVOKED ITS CHARTER. THE CHAPTER CAN SEEK REINSTATEMENT IN 2026. 149 00:14:46,719 --> 00:14:54,927 SEVEN FRATERNITY MEMBERS HAVE BEEN SENTENCED TO BETWEEN ONE AND 19 DAYS IN JAIL FOR SERVING ALCOHOL TO MINORS. 150 00:14:54,994 --> 00:15:02,935 SAM'S PARENTS ARE NOW WORKING WITH STATE LEGISLATORS TO TRY TO MAKE HAZING A FELONY. >> Houtz: HE WAS THE BEAUTIFUL, 151 00:15:03,002 --> 00:15:10,976 QUIRKY, FUNNY CENTER OF OUR WORLD. AND IT FELT LIKE THE EARTH JUST FELL AWAY THE DAY THAT WE 152 00:15:11,043 --> 00:15:20,019 LEARNED THE NEWS. >> Cooper: WHAT DO YOU WANT TO SEE HAPPEN? >> Houtz: I DON'T WANT TO SEE 153 00:15:20,085 --> 00:15:22,688 ANY MORE YOUNG MEN DIE. ( TICKING ) 154 00:15:31,630 --> 00:15:39,538 >> Lesley Stahl: WITH CLOSE TO A MILLION SPECIES NOW THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION, IT'S NOT OFTEN YOU HEAR ABOUT A CONSERVATION 155 00:15:39,605 --> 00:15:47,646 SUCCESS STORY, BUT THE MOUNTAIN GORILLAS OF THE EAST AFRICAN NATION OF RWANDA ARE JUST THAT. WHEN AMERICAN NATURALIST DIAN 156 00:15:47,713 --> 00:15:55,754 FOSSEY MOVED TO RWANDA HALF A CENTURY AGO TO STUDY MOUNTAIN GORILLAS, THEIR NUMBERS WERE DWINDLING, DOWN TO JUST 254 157 00:15:55,821 --> 00:16:04,330 INDIVIDUALS. BUT TODAY THEY'RE UP TO OVER 600, WITH ANOTHER 400 IN NEIGHBORING UGANDA-- THE ONLY 158 00:16:04,396 --> 00:16:12,037 GREAT APE WHOSE NUMBERS ARE ACTUALLY ON THE RISE. HOW THEY'VE DONE IT? A JOINT EFFORT BY SCIENTISTS AND 159 00:16:12,104 --> 00:16:23,782 GOVERNMENT TO SAVE GORILLAS AND HELP THE HUMAN COMMUNITIES AROUND THEM, WITH A KEY ROLE PLAYED... BY TOURISTS. 160 00:16:23,849 --> 00:16:31,757 THESE ARE THE VIRUNGA VOLCANOES, HOME TO MOST OF THE WORLD'S MOUNTAIN GORILLAS. DIAN FOSSEY APTLY CALLED THEM 161 00:16:31,824 --> 00:16:43,736 GORILLAS IN THE MIST. BUT WHEN THE MIST LIFTS... THEY ARE GORILLAS IN THE SUN, DOING WHAT MOUNTAIN GORILLAS 162 00:16:43,802 --> 00:16:54,012 DO... EAT... REST... EAT SOME MORE... AND SNUGGLE. >> Tara Stoinski: WHEN YOU LOOK IN THE EYES OF A GORILLA, YOU 163 00:16:54,079 --> 00:17:00,052 SEE A KINDRED SPIRIT LOOKING BACK AT YOU. THEY ARE SO MUCH LIKE US. THEY HAVE FRIENDS, THEY HAVE 164 00:17:00,119 --> 00:17:05,124 ENEMIES. THEY LOVE TO PLAY. THEY LOVE TO EAT. THEY LOVE TO NAP. 165 00:17:05,190 --> 00:17:10,896 THEY ARE INCREDIBLE MOMS AND INCREDIBLE DADS. >> Stoinski: SO, WE'RE GOING TO PULL THIS ONE OUT. 166 00:17:10,963 --> 00:17:17,269 >> Stahl: PRIMATOLOGIST TARA STOINSKI HEADS THE DIAN FOSSEY GORILLA FUND, A NON-PROFIT RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION 167 00:17:17,336 --> 00:17:22,875 ORGANIZATION THAT GREW OUT OF FOSSEY'S WORK. HOW MANY YEARS DID SHE LIVE UP HERE ALONE? 168 00:17:22,941 --> 00:17:31,750 >> Stoinski: SHE WAS IN THE FOREST FOR 18 YEARS. >> Stahl: FOSSEY WAS SENT TO RWANDA IN 1967 BY FAMED 169 00:17:31,817 --> 00:17:39,258 ANTHROPOLOGIST LOUIS LEAKEY, WHO HAD ALSO SENT JANE GOODALL TO TANZANIA TO STUDY CHIMPS. >> Stoinski: THE PEOPLE IN THE 170 00:17:39,324 --> 00:17:43,395 REGION, THEY GAVE HER A NICKNAME: NYIRAMACIBIRI, WHICH MEANT "WOMAN THAT LIVES ALONE IN THE FOREST." 171 00:17:43,462 --> 00:17:46,665 I'M SURE THEY WONDERED, LIKE, WHAT WAS SHE DOING UP THERE? >> Stahl: STRANGE WOMAN LIVING UP-- 172 00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:49,768 >> Stoinski: STRANGE WOMAN. >> Stahl: --IN THE MOUNT-- >> Stoinski: AND VERY TALL. SHE WAS 6'. 173 00:17:49,835 --> 00:17:56,442 THIS IS ACTUALLY FROM 1969. >> Stahl: WHAT SHE WAS DOING, AS STOINSKI SHOWED US, WAS OBSERVING GORILLAS FOR HOURS A 174 00:17:56,508 --> 00:18:04,049 DAY. >> Stoinski: WHAT SHE WOULD DO EACH NIGHT IS COME BACK AND TYPE UP ALL OF HER NOTES. 175 00:18:04,116 --> 00:18:09,521 >> Stahl: "THERE IS SOME SOFT PIG GRUNTING HEARD FROM THE SILVERBACK, AND GAS IS RELEASED." 176 00:18:09,588 --> 00:18:13,859 ( LAUGHS ) AND THIS JUST GOES ON AND-- >> Stoinski: ON AND ON, YEAH. >> Stahl: ON AND ON? 177 00:18:13,926 --> 00:18:22,801 FOSSEY'S RESEARCH-- AND HER APPEARANCES IN "NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC"-- HELPED CHANGE THE PERCEPTION OF GORILLAS FROM 178 00:18:22,868 --> 00:18:28,474 AGGRESSIVE, KING KONG BRUTES, TO THE GENTLE VEGETARIAN GIANTS THEY ACTUALLY ARE. BUT GORILLAS BACK THEN WERE 179 00:18:28,540 --> 00:18:36,448 UNDER ASSAULT. WHY WERE THERE POACHERS? WHY WERE PEOPLE INTERESTED? >> Stoinski: WELL, AT THE TIME, 180 00:18:36,515 --> 00:18:43,255 PEOPLE UNFORTUNATELY WANTED PARTS OF GORILLAS AS TROPHIES. SO THEY WANTED A GORILLA HEAD FOR THEIR MANTELPIECE, OR A-- A 181 00:18:43,322 --> 00:18:49,761 GORILLA HAND. >> Stahl: THE GORILLAS' HABITAT WAS ALSO BEING EATEN AWAY, AS THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF FOREST 182 00:18:49,828 --> 00:19:00,038 WERE CUT DOWN SO FARMERS COULD PLANT CASH CROPS UP THE MOUNTAINSIDE. THE DEMARCATION LINE BETWEEN 183 00:19:00,105 --> 00:19:06,211 FARMLAND AND FOREST STANDS OUT LIKE A BAD HAIRCUT, SHOWING HOW LITTLE LAND GORILLAS HAVE LEFT. WE CUT DOWN THEIR HOMES. 184 00:19:06,278 --> 00:19:12,050 >> Stoinski: YEAH, I MEAN, UNFORTUNATELY, THAT'S THE STORY FOR WILDLIFE AROUND THE WORLD. >> Stahl: BUT HERE, THAT STORY 185 00:19:12,117 --> 00:19:20,392 IS GETTING A REWRITE, AND THE NEW VERSION STARTS AT VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK HEADQUARTERS EVERY MORNING, WHERE TOURISTS GATHER 186 00:19:20,459 --> 00:19:28,066 TO TREK TO SEE GORILLAS, LED BY EXPERT GUIDES. >> THEY CAN LIVE UP TO 45 YEARS. >> Stahl: THE RWANDAN GOVERNMENT 187 00:19:28,133 --> 00:19:36,174 REGULATES THE VISITS-- NO MORE THAN EIGHT PEOPLE PER GROUP, FOR JUST ONE HOUR WITH THE GORILLAS, WITH PRECAUTIONS TAKEN TO 188 00:19:36,241 --> 00:19:48,053 PROTECT THEM FROM HUMAN ILLNESS. THE PRICE TAG IS STEEP-- $1,500 PER PERSON-- TURNING RWANDA, A COUNTRY KNOWN FOR ITS HORRIFIC 189 00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:55,093 1994 GENOCIDE, NOT SO MUCH FOR ITS BEAUTIFUL SCENERY, INTO A PRIME DESTINATION FOR THE WEALTHY. 190 00:19:55,160 --> 00:20:01,767 SOME OF THE MOST LUXURIOUS HOTELS IN THE WORLD HAVE OPENED HERE, GENERATING TENS OF MILLIONS IN TOURISM REVENUE. 191 00:20:01,833 --> 00:20:07,906 OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE DIAMONDS, OIL. WOULD YOU SAY THAT GORILLAS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT NATURAL 192 00:20:07,973 --> 00:20:11,810 RESOURCE OF THIS WHOLE COUNTRY? >> Stoinski: DEFINITELY. DEFINITELY-- >> Stahl: DEFINITELY? 193 00:20:11,877 --> 00:20:16,148 >> Stoinski: YEAH. IT'S ONE OF IF NOT THE TOP SOURCE OF FOREIGN REVENUE, IS TOURISM TO SEE THE GORILLAS. 194 00:20:16,214 --> 00:20:20,485 >> Stahl: FOR THE WHOLE COUNTRY? >> Stoinski: FOR THE WHOLE COUNTRY. >> Stahl: THE GOVERNMENT GIVES 195 00:20:20,552 --> 00:20:28,060 10% OF THE MONEY FROM THOSE GORILLA TREKS TO DISTRICTS THAT BORDER NATIONAL PARKS, IN A PROGRAM CALLED TOURISM REVENUE 196 00:20:28,126 --> 00:20:33,632 SHARING. >> Prosper Uwingeli: AS YOU SEE THIS SCHOOL BEHIND, THAT WAS BEFORE. 197 00:20:33,699 --> 00:20:39,938 >> Stahl: CHIEF PARK WARDEN PROSPER UWINGELI MET US AT A LOCAL PRIMARY SCHOOL. BEHIND HIM WAS THE OLD SCHOOL. 198 00:20:40,005 --> 00:20:45,277 BEHIND ME... >> Uwingeli: LOOK AT THE WINDOWS. >> Stahl: NEW CLASSROOMS PAID 199 00:20:45,344 --> 00:20:48,880 FOR BY TOURISM REVENUE SHARING FUNDS. IT COSTS $1,500 >> Uwingeli: YES. 200 00:20:48,947 --> 00:20:55,787 >> Stahl: TO GO SEE THE GORILLAS FOR ONE HOUR. >> Uwingeli: FOR ONE HOUR. SPECIAL EXPERIENCE. 201 00:20:55,854 --> 00:21:01,660 >> Stahl: HE ADMITS IT'S A LOT, BUT SAYS IT'S MADE A TREMENDOUS DIFFERENCE IN HIS MEETINGS WITH LOCAL LEADERS. 202 00:21:01,727 --> 00:21:05,831 >> Uwingeli: WE GO THERE AND WE LISTEN WHAT COMMUNITIES WANT THE TOURISM REVENUE SHARING TO-- TO SUPPORT. 203 00:21:05,897 --> 00:21:11,870 >> Stahl: THEY DECIDE? >> Uwingeli: YEAH, THEY DECIDE. >> Stahl: THIS VILLAGE BUILT A HEALTH CENTER. 204 00:21:11,937 --> 00:21:20,512 THIS ONE NEW HOUSING WITH WATER TANKS AND ELECTRICITY. HERE, A NEW MARKETPLACE. THE 10% GIVES COMMUNITIES UP TO 205 00:21:20,579 --> 00:21:31,790 650,000 U.S. DOLLARS A YEAR. >> GOOD MORNING, GOOD MORNING. >> Stahl: UWINGELI DIVIDES HIS TIME BETWEEN GREETING TOURISTS, 206 00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:37,763 MANAGING HIS RANGERS, AND TRAVELING AROUND THESE VILLAGES, TALKING, CAJOLING, AND CELEBRATING WHAT TOURISM REVENUE 207 00:21:37,829 --> 00:21:47,472 HAS ACHIEVED. ( CLAPPING ) A FEW YEARS BACK, THIS COMMUNITY CHOSE TO GET MILKING COWS, WHICH 208 00:21:47,539 --> 00:21:52,978 HAVE SINCE HAD CALVES. SO, THE COWS ARE NOW BEING GIVEN TO NEW NEEDY FAMILIES. ♪ ♪ ♪ 209 00:21:53,045 --> 00:22:00,052 AND THOSE COLORFUL STRIPED SWEATERS? THEY'RE A PRODUCT OF TOURISM REVENUE SHARING, TOO. 210 00:22:00,118 --> 00:22:06,158 ONE YEAR THIS COMMUNITY USED ITS FUNDS TO BUY KNITTING MACHINES. A LOT OF THE GUIDES, PORTERS COME FROM THESE COMMUNITIES-- 211 00:22:06,224 --> 00:22:09,227 >> Stoinski: --FROM THESE COMMUNITIES. AND SOME OF THEM ARE FORMER POACHERS THEMSELVES. 212 00:22:09,294 --> 00:22:12,064 >> Stahl: NO? >> Stoinski: YEAH. >> Stahl: SOME OF THE PORTERS AND GUIDES? 213 00:22:12,130 --> 00:22:15,967 >> Stoinski: YEAH. >> Stahl: WERE POACHERS? >> Stoinski: OR COME FROM POACHER FAMILIES. 214 00:22:16,034 --> 00:22:19,905 >> Stahl: SO, HAS ALL POACHING OF GORILLAS STOPPED? >> Uwingeli: YEAH. IN RWANDA, YES. 215 00:22:19,971 --> 00:22:31,349 CONFIDENTLY, YES. >> Stahl: BUT GORILLAS CAN STILL GET CAUGHT IN SNARES SET FOR SMALLER ANIMALS LIKE ANTELOPES, 216 00:22:31,416 --> 00:22:37,789 SO THE FOSSEY FUND DISPATCHES A SMALL ARMY OF TRACKERS EVERY MORNING, 365 DAYS A YEAR. >> Stoinski: WE GO OUT INTO THE 217 00:22:37,856 --> 00:22:42,427 FOREST. WE KNOW EVERY GORILLA IN ALL OF THE FAMILIES THAT WE MONITOR. WE CHECK AND MAKE SURE EVERY ONE 218 00:22:42,494 --> 00:22:48,066 OF THEM IS OKAY. IF ONE LOOKS ILL, WE'LL NOTIFY THE VETERINARIANS. AND WE CALL THIS EXTREME 219 00:22:48,133 --> 00:22:55,073 CONSERVATION. >> Stahl: IT COULD ALSO BE CALLED AN EXTREME WORKOUT. OH, BOY. 220 00:22:55,140 --> 00:23:01,780 WE SET OFF ON A GORILLA TREK WITH STOINSKI, UWINGELI AND A TEAM OF PORTERS. VISITING MOUNTAIN GORILLAS IS NO 221 00:23:01,847 --> 00:23:11,890 WALK IN THE PARK. IT'S AN UPHILL HIKE FOR MORE TAN AN HOUR AT AN ALTITUDE OF 8,000 FEET, THROUGH THAT 222 00:23:11,957 --> 00:23:16,561 FARMLAND THAT ONCE BELONGED TO THE GORILLAS. CAN WE STOP HERE? JUST TO GET TO THE PARK. 223 00:23:16,628 --> 00:23:20,232 ARE YOU OUT OF BREATH? >> Stoinski: YES. ( LAUGHS ) >> Stahl: OR IS IT JUST ME? 224 00:23:20,298 --> 00:23:25,771 THEN, JUST AS WE REACHED THE PARK BORDER... ( GASP ) OH, MY GOODNESS GRACIOUS, I 225 00:23:25,837 --> 00:23:32,144 CAN'T BELIEVE THIS. A SILVERBACK, USED TO SEEING TOURISTS, SAT CALMLY EATING. HE'S RIGHT HERE. 226 00:23:32,210 --> 00:23:40,051 >> YEAH, COME, COME. >> Stahl: UNFAZED BY OUR GAWKING AND POINTING. UWINGELI TOLD US HE'S AN ADULT 227 00:23:40,118 --> 00:23:49,761 MALE NAMED LISANGA. FOSSEY FUND COUNTRY DIRECTOR FELIX NDAGIJIMANA TAUGHT US HOW TO SIGNAL THAT WE COME IN PEACE. 228 00:23:49,828 --> 00:23:55,500 ( GORILLA SOUND ) ( GORILLA SOUND ) >> Ndagijimana: OH, THAT'S VERY GOOD. 229 00:23:55,567 --> 00:24:00,038 >> Stahl: INSIDE THE PARK, AFTER MORE CLIMBING. >> Stoinski: LOOK, LESLEY, LOOK. LESLEY-- 230 00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:07,779 >> Stahl: OH, LOOK AT THE BABY. OH, MY GOODNESS. WE FOUND THE REST OF LISANGA'S GROUP. 231 00:24:07,846 --> 00:24:13,785 >> Uwingeli: LET'S FOLLOW THEM. >> Stahl: UWINGELI TOLD US THE DOMINANT SILVERBACK WAS HEADING HIGHER UP THE MOUNTAIN, SO THE 232 00:24:13,852 --> 00:24:24,029 WHOLE GROUP WAS FOLLOWING. AND SO WERE WE. IN A SIGN OF THE POPULATION'S HEALTH, THIS GROUP HAS FIVE 233 00:24:24,095 --> 00:24:28,066 INFANTS, AND SEVERAL JUVENILES. OH, MY GOODNESS, THEY'RE-- >> Stoinski: YEAH, THEY'RE HAVING A BALL. 234 00:24:28,133 --> 00:24:32,170 >> Stahl: THAT'S SERIOUS. >> Stoinski: THEY'RE HAVING A BALL. >> Stahl: SHE TOLD US THEY PLAY 235 00:24:32,237 --> 00:24:43,849 FOR FUN-- AND TO PRACTICE FIGHTING. OR PERHAPS, JUST TO SHOW US WHO'S BOSS. 236 00:24:46,918 --> 00:24:54,159 NEAR US IN THE FOREST, IT SOUNDED LIKE A SILVERBACK PHOTO SHOOT WAS GOING ON. BUT FOSSEY FUND RESEARCH 237 00:24:54,226 --> 00:25:03,969 ASSISTANT NADIA NIYONIZEYE WASN'T SNAPPING ORDINARY PICTURES. SHE WAS USING A TECHNIQUE CALLED 238 00:25:04,035 --> 00:25:11,209 PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO GET BETTER MEASUREMENTS OF GORILLA SIZE. >> Nadia Niyonizeye: THERE ARE FOUR CENTIMETER IN BETWEEN EACH. 239 00:25:11,276 --> 00:25:18,617 >> Stahl: BY BEAMING LASERS ONTO THE GORILLA'S BODY AND HEAD, WHICH IT DOESN'T FEEL. >> Stahl: OH, I SEE IT. 240 00:25:18,683 --> 00:25:24,322 BACK AT THE OFFICE, SHE USES THE DOTS TO MAKE PRECISE CALCULATIONS OF THEIR SIZE. SCIENCE REMAINS THE HEART OF THE 241 00:25:24,389 --> 00:25:31,763 FOSSEY FUND'S MISSION. THEY HAVE THE LARGEST COLLECTION ANYWHERE OF GORILLA SKELETONS, WHERE SCIENTISTS FROM AROUND THE 242 00:25:31,830 --> 00:25:37,435 WORLD COME TO DO RESEARCH. >> Stoinski: JUST SORT OF TAKING PIECES OUT AND PULLING IT LIKE THAT. 243 00:25:37,502 --> 00:25:42,707 >> Stahl: AND A GORILLA POOP LAB. YOU GATHER THEIR POOP? >> Stoinski: IT'S LIKE A 244 00:25:42,774 --> 00:25:46,878 TREASURE TROVE OF INFORMATION FOR US. >> Stahl: TO STUDY STRESS HORMONES AND DO D.N.A. AND 245 00:25:46,945 --> 00:25:54,519 PATERNITY TESTING. BUT STOINSKI SAYS THEY'RE RUNNING OUT OF SPACE, SO THEY'RE CONSTRUCTING A NEW, MULTI- 246 00:25:54,586 --> 00:26:01,960 BUILDING GREEN CAMPUS WITH INITIAL FUNDING FROM ELLEN DEGENERES. SET TO OPEN NEXT YEAR, IT'LL 247 00:26:02,027 --> 00:26:11,503 CELEBRATE THE PROGRESS MADE IN SAVING MOUNTAIN GORILLAS-- WITH PLENTY OF SPACE FOR RESEARCHERS, EXHIBITS FOR TOURISTS AND PEOPLE 248 00:26:11,569 --> 00:26:16,541 FROM LOCAL COMMUNITIES-- AND VIEWS OF THE VOLCANOES. AND YOU CAN SEE THE MIST. >> Stoinski: IT REALLY ROLLS IN. 249 00:26:16,608 --> 00:26:24,049 >> Stahl: THE BUILDING PROCESS ITSELF REINFORCES THE FUND'S MOTTO: "HELPING PEOPLE SAVING GORILLAS." 250 00:26:24,115 --> 00:26:32,524 IT'S EMPLOYING MORE THAN 1,500 LOCAL WORKERS, MORE THAN 20% OF THEM WOMEN. ONE EXHIBIT ON DISPLAY HERE WILL 251 00:26:32,590 --> 00:26:36,294 TEACH VISITORS TO SPEAK LIKE A GORILLA. >> Stoinski: WE CAN PLAY IT. >> WELCOME TO GORILLA CHAT. 252 00:26:36,361 --> 00:26:42,467 >> Stoinski: YOU CAN HEAR. >> WE'RE HAPPY THAT YOU WANT TO LEARN TO SPEAK LIKE A GORILLA. >> Stahl: IT PLAYS GORILLA 253 00:26:42,534 --> 00:26:48,606 VOCALIZATIONS SOMEWHAT COMPARABLE TO HUMAN ONES. ( GORILLA LAUGHING SOUND ) >> Stahl: YES, GORILLAS LAUGH. 254 00:26:48,673 --> 00:26:55,480 >> Stoinski: ISN'T THAT GREAT? SO, THE IDEA IS THAT YOU HAVE TO TRY AND MIMIC IT. >> Stahl: THAT'S IMPOSSIBLE. 255 00:26:55,547 --> 00:26:59,551 SHE GAVE ME ONE SHE SAID WAS SIMPLE. ( GORILLA NOISE ) >> Stoinski: SO, THIS IS THE PIG 256 00:26:59,617 --> 00:27:02,954 GRUNT. >> Stahl: WHAT DOES IT MEAN? >> Stoinski: IT'S KIND OF LIKE A MILD WARNING. 257 00:27:03,021 --> 00:27:06,524 THE SORT OF HUMAN VERSION IS, "UNH-UNH-UNH." >> Stahl: YOU'RE ON THIN ICE. >> Stoinski: YOU WANT TO TRY IT 258 00:27:06,591 --> 00:27:10,362 WITH ME RECORDING AND SEE? >> Stahl: YEAH. >> Stoinski: OKAY. ( BEEPS ) 259 00:27:10,428 --> 00:27:19,204 >> Stahl: ( GRUNTS ) ( LAUGHTER ) "TRY AGAIN--" >> Stoinski: AGAIN. 260 00:27:19,270 --> 00:27:22,173 ( LAUGHS ) >> Stahl: I DID SUCH A BAD JOB. >> Stoinski: IT'S HARD. >> Stahl: SO FUN. 261 00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:28,046 >> Stoinski: WON'T IT BE FUN, THOUGH? >> Stahl: STOINSKI WANTS SCHOOL KIDS TO COME, AND BE INSPIRED TO 262 00:27:28,113 --> 00:27:34,819 SOLVE THE NEXT SET OF PROBLEMS-- INCREASING NUMBERS OF GORILLAS INHABITING A FIXED AMOUNT OF SPACE. 263 00:27:34,886 --> 00:27:40,425 >> Stoinski: AS THE POPULATION HAS INCREASED, BUT THE HABITAT HASN'T, IT IS PUTTING MORE PRESSURE ON THE GORILLAS. 264 00:27:40,492 --> 00:27:46,931 AND SO THE GOVERNMENT IS LOOKING TO TRY AND EXPAND THE PARK SO THAT THERE WILL BE MORE SPACE SO THAT POPULATION CAN CONTINUE TO 265 00:27:46,998 --> 00:27:55,774 GROW. >> Stahl: THERE ARE PLANS TO EXPAND THE PARK BY 23%, AND RELOCATE COMMUNITIES TO WHAT THE 266 00:27:55,840 --> 00:28:01,780 GOVERNMENT CALLS MODEL VILLAGES LIKE THIS ONE, WITH ELECTRICITY AND BRAND-NEW SCHOOLS, TRYING TO MAKE PARK EXPANSION ANOTHER WIN- 267 00:28:01,846 --> 00:28:08,453 WIN FOR GORILLAS AND THEIR HUMAN NEIGHBORS. IT'S A SUCCESS STORY. >> Stoinski: IT IS A SUCCESS 268 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:13,858 STORY, DEFINITELY, BUT WE SAY IT'S A FRAGILE SUCCESS BECAUSE THERE ARE SO FEW OF THEM LEFT AND THERE ARE STILL SO MANY 269 00:28:13,925 --> 00:28:21,766 THREATS. >> Stahl: BUT FOR NOW, THE NEWS IS GOOD. SO FAR THIS YEAR, 24 NEW BABY 270 00:28:21,833 --> 00:28:27,338 GORILLAS HAVE BEEN BORN HERE. >> Uwingeli: WOW, I MEAN, YOU CAN'T HAVE ENOUGH OF TELLING THOSE STORIES OF GORILLAS-- WHEN 271 00:28:27,405 --> 00:28:34,412 YOU LOOK AT THE MOMS CARRYING THE BABIES-- >> Stahl: DO YOU KNOW THAT WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT GORILLAS, YOUR 272 00:28:34,479 --> 00:28:40,051 FACE COMPLETELY LIGHTS UP? >> Uwingeli: I KNOW ABOUT IT, BUT MUCH OF THE SMILE COMES FROM WHAT THEY'RE HELPING US TO 273 00:28:40,118 --> 00:28:47,392 ACHIEVE. THAT'S REALLY THE BEST WAY WE CAN SERVE THE NEXT GENERATION OF KIDS, GORILLAS. 274 00:28:47,459 --> 00:28:52,130 >> Stahl: OH, MY GOODNESS! >> Uwingeli: ...AND-- AND-- AND PEOPLE. ( TICKING ) 275 00:29:00,805 --> 00:29:08,480 ( TICKING ) >> Bill Whitaker: RITA MORENO IS BEST KNOWN AS ANITA IN THE MOVIE "WEST SIDE STORY." 276 00:29:08,546 --> 00:29:14,819 THE 1961 MUSICAL BROKE BOX OFFICE RECORDS AND WON TEN OSCARS, INCLUDING BEST PICTURE AND FOR MORENO, BEST SUPPORTING 277 00:29:14,886 --> 00:29:24,729 ACTRESS. NOT TOO SHABBY FOR A KID FROM PUERTO RICO WHO ARRIVED IN NEW YORK WITH NOTHING. 278 00:29:24,796 --> 00:29:32,770 SHE SAYS HER SHOWBIZ LONGEVITY IS SPRINKLED WITH SERENDIPITY BUT WE WARN YOU, BENEATH THE GOLD PLATE OF HER OSCAR THERE IS 279 00:29:32,837 --> 00:29:40,512 A DARK HOLLYWOOD TALE OF PAIN AND BETRAYAL, REINVENTION AND RESILIENCE. SHE'S ONLY THE THIRD ACTOR TO 280 00:29:40,578 --> 00:29:48,720 "EGOT," WINNING THE EMMY, GRAMMY, OSCAR AND TONY. AND AS MORENO APPROACHES 90 WITH A NEW "WEST SIDE STORY" COMING 281 00:29:48,786 --> 00:29:55,226 OUT, WE FOUND AN ARTIST WHO IS WITTY AND CANDID. READY IF YOU ARE? >> Rita Moreno: YESSS. 282 00:29:55,293 --> 00:30:00,999 YOU WANT ME TO SLATE MYSELF? >> Whitaker: YES, PLEASE >> Moreno: RIGHT. RITA MORENO WITH ONE OF THE 283 00:30:01,065 --> 00:30:06,437 WORLD'S HANDSOMEST MEN OF COLOR. EVER. >> Whitaker: OKAY, INTERVIEW OVER. 284 00:30:06,504 --> 00:30:12,544 >> Moreno: WE'RE DONE. >> Whitaker: CAN'T DO ANY BETTER THAN THAT. OKAY, I JUST WANT TO ASK YOU 285 00:30:12,610 --> 00:30:18,216 ABOUT THE OBVIOUS, ALL OF YOUR HONORS AND AWARDS. >> Moreno: AIN'T IT GRAND? THERE'S REALLY A LOT OF STUFF 286 00:30:18,283 --> 00:30:23,488 HERE. >> Whitaker: BECAUSE YOU'VE DONE A LOT OF STUFF. >> Moreno: EVERY ONE OF THEM 287 00:30:23,555 --> 00:30:29,027 SURPRISE THE LIVING DAYLIGHTS OUT OF ME. BUT IT'S NOT ABOUT THE AWARDS. DON'T LET THAT SOUND LIKE I'M 288 00:30:29,093 --> 00:30:36,734 BEING MODEST. I AM NOT MODEST. I KNOW WHAT I HAVE EARNED. I'M UP TO MY ASS IN SOME PRETTY 289 00:30:36,801 --> 00:30:44,475 SPECTACULAR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT A CAREER IS. A CAREER IS WORKING. ♪ ♪ ♪ 290 00:30:44,542 --> 00:30:52,717 ♪ ♪ ♪ >> Whittaker: AND RITA MORENO WILL BE THE FIRST TO SAY NONE OF IT CAME EASY. 291 00:30:52,784 --> 00:31:00,725 WHAT FUELED THAT FLAWLESS SWIRL OF VIOLET AS ANITA IN "WEST SIDE STORY" WAS SHEER WILLPOWER. >> Moreno: I NEVER STOPPED 292 00:31:00,792 --> 00:31:07,599 REHEARSING. IN FACT, SOMEBODY TOLD ME RECENTLY THAT THEY WERE A DANCE EXTRA ON THE MAMBO AT THE GYM 293 00:31:07,665 --> 00:31:12,737 SCENE. AND ONE OF THE GIRLS TURNED TO HER WHEN WE HAD TEN MINUTES OFF, AND SHE SAYS, "LOOK AT RITA 294 00:31:12,804 --> 00:31:20,044 MORENO. SHE'S STILL REHEARSING." SHE SAYS, "THAT'S WHAT YOU HAVE TO DO TO BECOME A STAR." 295 00:31:20,111 --> 00:31:28,720 >> Whitaker: BUT WHAT IS IT ABOUT YOU TO HAVE ACHIEVED THIS? >> Moreno: I THINK THAT PERSEVERANCE IS MY MIDDLE NAME. 296 00:31:28,786 --> 00:31:36,728 IT'S JUST SOMETHING-- TRULY, THAT I THINK I INHERITED FROM MY MOM. >> Whitaker: IN 1936, MORENO'S 297 00:31:36,794 --> 00:31:43,101 MOTHER, ROSA MARIA, AND WIDE- EYED FIVE-YEAR-OLD ROSITA, FLED POVERTY IN PUERTO RICO TO START A NEW LIFE IN NEW YORK. 298 00:31:43,167 --> 00:31:49,007 THEY LANDED IN THE BRONX. >> Moreno: OR AS WE STILL CALL IT "THE BRONG." >> Whitaker: HERE SHE FIRST 299 00:31:49,073 --> 00:31:56,681 ENCOUNTERED THE STING OF RACISM. >> Moreno: I WAS BEING CALLED WORDS LIKE, "SPIC." THE TROUBLE WITH THAT IS THAT 300 00:31:56,748 --> 00:32:01,052 YOU GROW UP BELIEVING THAT YOU DON'T HAVE ANY VALUE. >> Whitaker: YOU GREW UP THINKING YOU DIDN'T HAVE VALUE? 301 00:32:01,119 --> 00:32:07,692 >> Moreno: OH, I GREW UP FILLED WITH SELF-LOATHING BECAUSE I WAS A PUERTO RICAN. WHEN YOU'RE LITTLE, YOU'RE TOLD 302 00:32:07,759 --> 00:32:16,167 YOU'RE NOT WORTH ANYTHING, YOU BELIEVE IT. >> Whitaker: SHE FOUND SANCTUARY AND HER PASSION IN A SPANISH 303 00:32:16,234 --> 00:32:23,341 DANCE STUDIO, AND BY 17, MORENO'S DRAMATIC LOOKS AND FLAIR CAUGHT THE EYE OF A TALENT SCOUT, WHO GOT HER A MEETING 304 00:32:23,408 --> 00:32:28,846 WITH NONE OTHER THAN MGM'S STUDIO CHIEF, LOUIS B. MAYER. >> Moreno: AND HE SAID, "YOUNG LADY, HOW WOULD YOU LIKE OTHER 305 00:32:28,913 --> 00:32:35,253 BE UNDER CONTRACT TO MGM STUDIOS?" >> Whitaker: JUST LIKE THAT? >> Moreno: JUST LIKE THAT. 306 00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:40,725 >> Whitaker: WITHOUT SO MUCH AS A SCREEN TEST, IN 1950, RITA MORENO FOUND HERSELF MAKING MOVIES IN HOLLYWOOD. 307 00:32:40,792 --> 00:32:46,597 >> Moreno: I WENT TO THE COMMISSARY FOR THE VERY FIRST TIME, AND THAT VERY DAY, IN WALKS ELIZABETH TAYLOR AND LANA 308 00:32:46,664 --> 00:32:50,568 TURNER. I THOUGHT I WOULD HAVE A HEART ATTACK. >> Whitaker: YOU, LITTLE ROSITA, 309 00:32:50,635 --> 00:32:56,841 HAD ARRIVED. >> Moreno: AND I REALLY FELT LIKE ONE OF THEM. >> Whitaker: BUT WITH THE 310 00:32:56,908 --> 00:33:06,517 HOLLYWOOD GLAMOUR CAME STUDIO OBLIGATIONS: PUBLICITY DATES FOR PAPARAZZI AND SWANK PARTIES WHERE THE TEENAGED STARLET FOUND 311 00:33:06,584 --> 00:33:12,724 HERSELF FIGHTING OFF INSISTENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT FROM POWERFUL MEN. >> Moreno: IT WRENCHES MY HEART, 312 00:33:12,790 --> 00:33:16,728 MOSTLY THAT I DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO HANDLE THAT KIND OF THING. >> Whitaker: WHY WOULD YOU BE EXPECTED TO? 313 00:33:16,794 --> 00:33:22,500 I MEAN THAT'S-- >> Moreno: WELL, IT WAS VERY COMMON. THE CASTING COUCH THERE WERE A 314 00:33:22,567 --> 00:33:28,740 MILLION JOKES ABOUT THAT. >> Whitaker: BUT RITA MORENO KNEW IT WAS NOTHING TO LAUGH ABOUT. 315 00:33:28,806 --> 00:33:36,948 >> Moreno: I WAS RAPED BY MY AGENT WHEN I WAS-- I WAS EITHER 16 OR 17. I WAS SITTING ON THE COUCH NEXT 316 00:33:37,014 --> 00:33:47,592 TO HIM AND HE SAID, "SUCH A PRETTY GIRL," AND HE PUT HIS HAND ON MY CHEEK. AND MOUNTED ME. 317 00:33:47,658 --> 00:33:56,334 I STRUGGLED, BUT HE DID IT ALL. >> Whitaker: SHE TOLD US SHE WAS THE FAMILY'S BREADWINNER AND HAD TO KEEP WORKING, SO THE INSECURE 318 00:33:56,401 --> 00:34:02,473 RITA MORENO FELT SHE HAD NO CHOICE BUT TO KEEP HER AGENT. >> Whitaker: IS THIS THE SOURCE OF THE INSECURITY? 319 00:34:02,540 --> 00:34:12,717 >> Moreno: OH, IS THIS AT THE BOTTOM OF ALL THE INSECURITY? NO QUESTION. >> Whitaker: WHY ARE YOU 320 00:34:12,784 --> 00:34:19,791 COMFORTABLE SPEAKING OUT? >> Moreno: I WANT WOMEN TO KNOW THAT ALL THE AWARDS IN THE WORLD, WILL NEVER MAKE UP FOR 321 00:34:19,857 --> 00:34:28,733 THE THINGS I HAVE EXPERIENCED IN MY LIFE. THE BE-ALL AND END-ALL IS RESPECT AND SELF-RESPECT WHICH 322 00:34:28,800 --> 00:34:35,840 TOOK ME A LONG TIME TO EARN. >> Whitaker: HOLLYWOOD CAN BE HARD ON WOMEN, BUT FOR A WOMAN OF COLOR IN THE 1950S, IT COULD 323 00:34:35,907 --> 00:34:44,282 BE CORROSIVE. ♪ I'M RIGHT HERE ♪ >> Whitaker: MORENO GOT ROLES AS NATIVE GIRLS IN B-MUSICALS, 324 00:34:44,348 --> 00:34:50,154 CAKED IN BROWN MAKEUP, ALL WITH A VAGUELY SPANISH ACCENT. ♪ THAT IS TRUE ♪ >> Moreno: DUSKY MAIDENS. 325 00:34:50,221 --> 00:34:56,461 >> Whitaker: THOSE WERE THE TYPES OF ROLES YOU WERE GETTING? >> Moreno: WITH THE ACCENT. IT HURTS ME TO WATCH ME DOING 326 00:34:56,527 --> 00:35:01,833 STUFF THAT IS HUMILIATING. >> Whitaker: YOU WERE WORKING BECAUSE OF THESE ROLES. >> Moreno: I ACCEPTED A LOT OF 327 00:35:01,899 --> 00:35:07,972 THOSE, BECAUSE THERE WAS NOTHING ELSE. AND I TOOK THEM WITH A LOT OF SHAME. 328 00:35:08,039 --> 00:35:12,810 >> WHAT DID I TELL YOU, LENA? >> Whitaker: BUT SHE TAKES GREAT PRIDE IN THREE SCENES IN AN MGM BLOCKBUSTER. 329 00:35:12,877 --> 00:35:20,585 >> Moreno: "SINGIN' IN THE RAIN" WHERE I HAD A VERY TINY PART. ( CHEERS ) >> Whitaker: SHE PLAYED FAMOUS 330 00:35:20,651 --> 00:35:28,726 FLAPPER, ZELDA ZANDERS, FINALLY ABLE TO STRUT HER STUFF AND SHOW HER TRUE FACE. >> Moreno: IT WAS WONDERFUL 331 00:35:28,793 --> 00:35:34,665 BECAUSE I DIDN'T NEED TO PUT ON THAT MUDDY BROWN MAKEUP. I DIDN'T HAVE TO SPEAK WITH AN ACCENT. 332 00:35:34,732 --> 00:35:39,904 AND I THOUGHT, "THAT'S GOING TO CHANGE EVERYTHING." >> Whitaker: INSTEAD, SHE WAS DROPPED BY MGM. 333 00:35:39,971 --> 00:35:46,844 SHE FOUND WORK WITH OTHER STUDIOS. AND THAT SMOLDERING PASSION TO PERFORM LANDED HER, LIKE A 334 00:35:46,911 --> 00:35:55,419 BOMBSHELL, ON THE COVER OF "LIFE MAGAZINE" IN 1954. THAT PICTURE WON HER A NEW STUDIO CONTRACT AND THE 335 00:35:55,486 --> 00:36:00,157 ATTENTION OF ONE OF THE GREATEST ACTORS OF AN ERA. >> Moreno: MARLON BRANDO. MARLON TOOK ONE LOOK AND HE JUST 336 00:36:00,224 --> 00:36:04,729 FELL. >> Whitaker: HE FELL? >> Moreno: FOR ME. >> Whitaker: YEAH. 337 00:36:04,795 --> 00:36:11,669 >> Moreno: I HAD A FOX CONTRACT. I MET THE LOVE OF MY LIFE. ALL WAS GOOD. WHAT COULD BE BAD? 338 00:36:11,736 --> 00:36:16,841 >> Whitaker: MARLON BRANDO TAKES UP THREE CHAPTERS OF MORENO'S MEMOIR AND EIGHT YEARS OF HER LIFE. 339 00:36:16,908 --> 00:36:24,715 THEIR STORMY RELATIONSHIP NEARLY KILLED HER. BRANDO WAS MARRIED WHEN MORENO BECAME PREGNANT WITH HIS CHILD. 340 00:36:24,782 --> 00:36:30,454 SHE SAYS HE PRESSURED HER TO HAVE AN ABORTION. AFTERWARD, SHE ATTEMPTED SUICIDE. 341 00:36:30,521 --> 00:36:36,027 WHY DID YOU TRY TO TAKE YOUR LIFE? >> Moreno: WHAT I WAS REALLY TRYING TO DO WAS KILL THAT BAD 342 00:36:36,093 --> 00:36:42,133 SIDE OF ME THAT KEPT GOING BACK TO HIM. THAT BAD WOMAN WHO DIDN'T RESPECT ME, WHO WAS ME, ANOTHER 343 00:36:42,199 --> 00:36:48,739 SIDE OF ME. >> Whitaker: WELL, THANK GOD YOU FAILED. >> Moreno: YOU'RE NOT KIDDING. 344 00:36:48,806 --> 00:36:55,246 >> Whitaker: SIX MONTHS LATER, IN THE FALL OF 1961, PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD GOT TO SEE HER PLAYING ANITA IN ONE OF THE 345 00:36:55,313 --> 00:36:59,750 GREATEST MUSICAL FILMS OF ALL TIME. >> Moreno: I WANTED THAT PART SO BADLY. 346 00:36:59,817 --> 00:37:03,254 >> Whitaker: WHY? WHAT WAS IT ABOUT ANITA THAT MADE YOU WANT IT SO MUCH? >> Moreno: OH! 347 00:37:03,321 --> 00:37:11,195 IT WAS THE PART FOR A HISPANIC GIRL. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ PUERTO RICO MY HEART'S 348 00:37:11,262 --> 00:37:18,502 DEVOTION ♪ >> Moreno: ANITA, THE ONE WHO HAD A SENSE OF HERSELF. A SENSE OF DIGNITY. 349 00:37:18,569 --> 00:37:24,709 AND I HAD TO PORTRAY THAT. AND IT FELT REALLY GOOD. >> Whitaker: WELL, YOU TALK ABOUT YOURSELF LIKE YOU'RE THIS 350 00:37:24,775 --> 00:37:30,214 BUNDLE OF INSECURITIES AND EVERYTHING, BUT WHAT YOU PUT ON THAT SCREEN, WAS ANYTHING BUT. >> Moreno: I COULD PRETEND I HAD 351 00:37:30,281 --> 00:37:38,456 SELF-RESPECT. I'M AN ACTRESS. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ 352 00:37:38,522 --> 00:37:48,566 HER PERFORMANCE WAS ELECTRIFYING AND, SHE SAYS, ONE OF THE HARDEST THINGS SHE'S EVER DONE. >> Moreno: I HADN'T DANCED IN 353 00:37:48,633 --> 00:37:53,170 YEARS. AND I DIDN'T DANCE THOSE KIND OF DANCES. THAT'S CALLED JAZZ. 354 00:37:53,237 --> 00:37:59,877 I NEVER WAS THAT-- I WAS A SPANISH DANCER. CASTANETS. SO, WHEN I WENT INTO WEST SIDE 355 00:37:59,944 --> 00:38:06,817 STORY, I HAD MY WORK CUT OUT FOR ME. >> Whitaker: HER MOST POWERFUL SCENE REQUIRED HER TO DIG DOWN 356 00:38:06,884 --> 00:38:12,857 INTO FEELINGS SHE'D LONG TRIED TO BURY. >> Moreno: WHEN WE DID THE RAPE SCENE DURING REHEARSALS WHEN 357 00:38:12,923 --> 00:38:21,032 THEY WERE MAULING ME AND ALL THAT, THE BOYS. I PUSHED THEM AWAY, AND STARTED TO CRY, AND I COULD NOT STOP. 358 00:38:21,098 --> 00:38:28,739 ALL OF THOSE SCARS THAT I THOUGHT WERE HEALED JUST OPENED UP. >> Moreno: I WAS LIKE A WOUNDED 359 00:38:28,806 --> 00:38:33,944 ANIMAL WHEN I DID IT AGAIN. >> Whitaker: IS THAT ON THE SCREEN? >> Moreno: AND THAT IS-- YES 360 00:38:34,011 --> 00:38:40,851 WHEN SHE SAYS, "DON'T YOU TOUCH ME." >> DON'T YOU TOUCH ME! >> Moreno: AND I THOUGHT, "HOW 361 00:38:40,918 --> 00:38:47,491 WOULD MARLON SAY THAT AS AN ACTOR?" AND IT WAS THROUGH MY TEETH "DON'T YOU TOUCH ME." 362 00:38:47,558 --> 00:38:54,565 THAT IS THE SCENE THAT I KNOW GOT ME THE OSCAR. >> RITA MORENO IN "WEST SIDE STORY." 363 00:38:54,632 --> 00:39:02,473 >> Whitaker: IN 1962, MORENO BECAME THE FIRST LATINA TO WIN AN ACADEMY AWARD FOR ACTING. >> Moreno: I CAN'T BELIEVE IT. 364 00:39:02,540 --> 00:39:08,479 >> Whitaker: SO, YOUR PHONE MUST HAVE BEEN RINGING OFF THE HOOK AFTER THAT- >> Moreno: NO, THE PHONE WASN'T 365 00:39:08,546 --> 00:39:12,983 RINGING OFF THE HOOK. AFTER "WEST SIDE STORY" I COULDN'T GET A JOB EXCEPT IN GANG MOVIES, LESSER ONES. 366 00:39:13,050 --> 00:39:16,721 >> Whitaker: YOUR CAREER DID NOT JUST TAKE OFF? >> Moreno: HARDLY. >> Whitaker: SO YOU TOOK OFF. 367 00:39:16,787 --> 00:39:24,662 >> Moreno: YEAH. >> Whitaker: SHE MOVED TO NEW YORK AND FOUND NEW LOVE AND NEW ROLES ON BROADWAY. 368 00:39:24,729 --> 00:39:31,969 SHE MARRIED A CARDIOLOGIST, THE LATE LENNY GORDEN, AND THEY HAD A DAUGHTER, FERNANDA. IT WAS HERE IN THE '70s 369 00:39:32,036 --> 00:39:38,476 ALONGSIDE MORGAN FREEMAN, THAT MORENO WON HER FIRST GRAMMY WITH THE TV SHOW, "THE ELECTRIC COMPANY," THEN A TONY FOR HER 370 00:39:38,542 --> 00:39:47,051 OUTRAGEOUS BROADWAY CREATION, GOOGIE GOMEZ. AND WITH THE HELP OF A GREEN FROG, AN EMMY ROUNDED OUT THE 371 00:39:47,118 --> 00:39:52,623 EGOT. IF ALL THE PUPPETS AND SLAPSTICK GIVE THE IMPRESSION MORENO HAD GONE TO THE LIGHT SIDE, LOOK 372 00:39:52,690 --> 00:39:58,996 AGAIN. IN THE GRITTY, HBO DRAMA, "OZ," IN THE 1990'S, SHE PLAYED PRISON PSYCHOLOGIST, SISTER PETER 373 00:39:59,063 --> 00:40:02,266 MARIE. >> Whitaker: A DIFFERENT KIND OF NUN. >> Moreno: DIFFERENT KIND OF 374 00:40:02,333 --> 00:40:06,103 NUN. >> STOP IT! STOP IT. STOP IT! 375 00:40:06,170 --> 00:40:12,710 >> Moreno: IT WAS THE SALVATION OF ME AS AN ACTRESS, NOT A CAREER. >> Whitaker: SINCE "OZ," MORENO 376 00:40:12,777 --> 00:40:20,451 HAS KEPT WORKING STRAIGHT INTO THE 21st CENTURY: MOVIES, TV, A SITCOM WITH LEGENDARY PRODUCER, NORMAN LEAR. 377 00:40:20,518 --> 00:40:28,726 SHE'S BEEN WORKING NON-STOP FOR 75 YEARS. AND NOW THIS. ♪ ♪ ♪ 378 00:40:28,793 --> 00:40:35,499 ♪ ♪ ♪ IN STEVEN SPIELBERG'S VERSION OF "WEST SIDE STORY," MORENO PLAYS VALENTINA, THE WIDOW OF DOC, WHO 379 00:40:35,566 --> 00:40:40,838 OWNED THE CANDY STORE IN THE ORIGINAL. SHE'S ALSO AN EXECUTIVE PRODUCER OF THE FILM BEING RELEASED 380 00:40:40,905 --> 00:40:44,809 DECEMBER 10. >> TAKE 12. ( CLAP ) >> Steven Spielberg: SHE'S PART 381 00:40:44,875 --> 00:40:50,447 OF THE ENSEMBLE. >> Whitaker: WE TALKED WITH STEVEN SPIELBERG REMOTELY. >> Spielberg: I WANTED HER TO 382 00:40:50,514 --> 00:40:59,990 REALLY, YOU KNOW, BRIDGE THE LEGACY OF "WEST SIDE STORY" AND TO INSPIRE OUR YOUNG CAST. >> Whitaker: AND UNLIKE THE 383 00:41:00,057 --> 00:41:06,330 FIRST MOVIE, SPIELBERG SET A MANDATE THAT ALL PUERTO RICAN CHARACTERS BE PLAYED BY HISPANIC ACTORS. 384 00:41:06,397 --> 00:41:12,069 >> Moreno: I THINK HOLLYWOOD HAS CHANGED. I THINK THERE ARE STILL THINGS YET TO BE ADDRESSED. 385 00:41:12,136 --> 00:41:18,175 THE REPRESENTATION THAT HISPANICS GET IS ALMOST NIL. THERE ARE SO MANY TALENTED PEOPLE AMONG HISPANICS. 386 00:41:18,242 --> 00:41:24,715 JENNIFER LOPEZ CAN'T BE THE ONLY ONE. >> Whitaker: THAT'S WHY MORENO WAS THRILLED TO BE PART OF THIS 387 00:41:24,782 --> 00:41:32,556 "WEST SIDE STORY." >> Whitaker: SHE SINGS? >> Spielberg: SHE SINGS AND SHE ACTS AND EVEN THOUGH SHE DOESN'T 388 00:41:32,623 --> 00:41:40,731 HAVE A DANCE NUMBER, I HAVE HOME MOVIES OF RITA DANCING WITH ALL THE SHARKS AND THE JETS. SHE HAS NOT LOST HER MOJO AS A 389 00:41:40,798 --> 00:41:47,771 DANCER, AT ALL. >> Whitaker: RITA MORENO, WHO IS ABOUT TO TURN 90, HASN'T LOST A STEP. 390 00:41:47,838 --> 00:41:56,480 SHE ADMITS SHE HAS STUMBLED ALONG THE WAY, BUT SHE HAS REFUSED TO STAY DOWN. >> Moreno: I THINK SOME PEOPLE 391 00:41:56,547 --> 00:42:04,722 WOULD SAY I WAS TOUGH. I THINK IT'S RESILIENCE, BECAUSE IF I'M TOUGH, THERE'S A PART OF ME THEN THAT'S BECOME HARD. 392 00:42:04,788 --> 00:42:08,659 IT'S SIMPLY NOT IN MY NATURE. >> Whitaker: BUT RESILIENT? >> Moreno: RESILIENT IS WHAT I AM. 393 00:42:08,726 --> 00:42:12,796 I'M A REAL BOUNCER-BACKER. ♪ ♪ ♪ ( TICKING ) 394 00:42:16,800 --> 00:42:28,212 >> WHY RITA MORENO THOUGHT THE ORIGINAL "WEST SIDE STORY" FILM WOULD BE A FLOP... >> Moreno: BOY, WAS I WRONG! 395 00:42:30,614 --> 00:42:36,520 >> Stahl: NEXT SUNDAY ON "60 MINUTES," A LOOK INSIDE THE WORLD OF HIGH FASHION. SHARYN ALFONSI HEADS TO ROME TO 396 00:42:36,587 --> 00:42:44,528 MEET ALESSANDRO MICHELE, THE DESIGNER BEHIND THE "BEAUTIFUL STRANGENESS" THAT HAS BECOME THE GUCCI BRAND. 397 00:42:44,595 --> 00:42:48,332 >> Alfonsi: SOME OF THE CLOTHES REALLY SCREAM, RIGHT? ( LAUGHS ) >> Alessandro Michele: 398 00:42:48,399 --> 00:42:52,503 SOMETIMES. >> Alfonsi: I DON'T FEEL LIKE YOU COULD BE A SHY PERSON AND PULL SOME OF THOSE LOOKS OFF. 399 00:42:52,569 --> 00:42:59,343 >> Michele: I THINK THAT FASHION NEEDS TO LET TO THE PEOPLE HEAR YOUR VOICE. >> Stahl: I'M LESLEY STAHL.