1
00:00:00,667 --> 00:00:14,481
and FORD.
We go further, so you can.
>> WHO'S RESPONSIBLE WHEN A
STUDENT DIES AFTER BEING HAZED
2
00:00:14,547 --> 00:00:18,718
AT COLLEGE?
>> YO, GET OUT OF THE ROOM, YOU
GUYS.
>> THAT'S WHAT "60 MINUTES"
3
00:00:18,785 --> 00:00:25,225
TRIED TO FIND OUT, AFTER A
FRESHMAN DIED FROM ALCOHOL
POISONING AT A FRATERNITY HOUSE
AT WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY.
4
00:00:25,291 --> 00:00:37,470
>> HAD HE SAID, "NO, I DON'T
WANT TO DRINK," I'M CONFIDENT
THAT HE WOULD NOT HAVE HAD TO
HAVE TO DRINK.
5
00:00:37,537 --> 00:00:42,041
>> HE'D ALREADY HAD DATE NIGHT.
ACTUALLY IT'S CALLED "BLACK-OUT
DATE NIGHT," I BELIEVE.
( TICKING )
6
00:00:42,108 --> 00:00:48,348
>> THESE ARE THE VIRUNGA
VOLCANOES, HOME TO MOST OF THE
WORLD'S MOUNTAIN GORILLAS.
DIAN FOSSEY APTLY CALLED THEM
7
00:00:48,415 --> 00:00:57,924
GORILLAS IN THE MIST.
BUT WHEN THE MIST LIFTS?
THEY ARE GORILLAS IN THE SUN,
DOING WHAT MOUNTAIN GORILLAS DO:
8
00:00:57,991 --> 00:01:06,065
EAT, REST, EAT SOME MORE, AND
SNUGGLE.
>> WHEN YOU LOOK IN THE EYES OF
A GORILLA, YOU SEE A KINDRED
9
00:01:06,132 --> 00:01:08,735
SPIRIT LOOKING BACK AT YOU.
( TICKING )
10
00:01:09,736 --> 00:01:14,240
>> READY IF YOU ARE?
>> YES!
YOU WANT ME TO SLATE MYSELF?
>> YES, PLEASE.
11
00:01:14,307 --> 00:01:21,181
>> RIGHT.
RITA MORENO, WITH ONE OF THE
WORLD'S HANDSOMEST MEN OF COLOR.
EVER.
12
00:01:21,247 --> 00:01:25,785
>> OKAY, INTERVIEW OVER!
( LAUGHTER )
>> WE'RE DONE.
>> CAN'T DO ANY BETTER THAN
13
00:01:25,852 --> 00:01:32,559
THAT.
OKAY, I JUST WANT TO ASK YOU
ABOUT THE OBVIOUS-- ALL OF YOUR
HONORS AND AWARDS.
14
00:01:32,625 --> 00:01:37,597
>> AIN'T IT GRAND?
♪ ♪ ♪
(♪ "AMERICA" ♪)
>> LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, RITA
15
00:01:37,664 --> 00:01:40,166
MORENO!
>> THIS IS MARVELOUS!
( TICKING )
16
00:01:42,302 --> 00:01:47,407
>> I'M LESLEY STAHL.
>> I'M BILL WHITAKER.
>> I'M ANDERSON COOPER.
>> I'M SHARYN ALFONSI.
17
00:01:47,474 --> 00:01:54,247
>> I'M JON WERTHEIM.
>> I'M SCOTT PELLEY.
THOSE STORIES AND MORE, TONIGHT,
ON "60 MINUTES."
18
00:01:54,314 --> 00:02:00,787
( TICKING )
19
00:02:02,489 --> 00:02:07,327
>> Anderson Cooper: WE'VE ALL
HEARD THE STORY: A HEALTHY YOUNG
MAN IS HOSPITALIZED OR DIES
AFTER BEING HAZED PLEDGING A
20
00:02:07,393 --> 00:02:15,034
COLLEGE FRATERNITY.
DESPITE YEARS OF EDUCATION
CAMPAIGNS AND ATTEMPTS TO STOP
UNDERAGE DRINKING, THE HAZING
21
00:02:15,101 --> 00:02:20,373
CONTINUES.
SOME VICTIMS' PARENTS ARE
WORKING WITH LEADERS OF NATIONAL
FRATERNITIES, PUSHING FOR
22
00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:26,946
TOUGHER LAWS AGAINST HAZING,
WHILE OTHER PARENTS CHARGE THE
NATIONAL FRATERNITIES THAT
OVERSEE THE LOCAL CHAPTERS, ARE,
23
00:02:27,013 --> 00:02:34,621
THEMSELVES, PART OF THE PROBLEM.
WHEN A FRESHMAN NAMED SAM
MARTINEZ DIED PLEDGING ALPHA TAU
OMEGA AT WASHINGTON STATE
24
00:02:34,687 --> 00:02:41,728
UNIVERSITY IN 2019, HIS PARENTS
SAID THE NATIONAL FRATERNITY HID
THE LOCAL CHAPTER'S HISTORY OF
HAZING, AND HINDERED THE
25
00:02:41,794 --> 00:02:49,202
INVESTIGATION INTO THEIR SON'S
DEATH.
>> Jolayne Houtz: IF WE HAD
KNOWN EVEN A FRACTION OF WHAT WE
26
00:02:49,269 --> 00:02:54,941
KNOW NOW, SAM NEVER WOULD'VE
WANTED TO JOIN THAT FRATERNITY.
WE FEEL DUPED.
>> Cooper: BY WHOM?
27
00:02:55,008 --> 00:03:01,981
>> Houtz: BY ALPHA TAU OMEGA,
THE NATIONAL FRATERNITY, THE
CHAPTER ON THAT CAMPUS, AND BY
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY.
28
00:03:02,048 --> 00:03:09,255
>> Cooper: JOLAYNE HOUTZ AND
HECTOR MARTINEZ SAID THEY KNEW
THEIR SON, SAM, HAD BEEN
PLEDGING ALPHA TAU OMEGA FOR
29
00:03:09,322 --> 00:03:15,161
MORE THAN TWO MONTHS, BUT WERE
UNAWARE THAT, ACCORDING TO THE
POLICE REPORT, SOME WITNESSES
SAID HE'D ALREADY ENDURED BEING
30
00:03:15,228 --> 00:03:22,769
HIT, TACKLED, AND ASKED TO
CONSUME LARGE QUANTITIES OF
ALCOHOL BY A.T.O. MEMBERS.
THEY LAST SPOKE WITH SAM AROUND
31
00:03:22,835 --> 00:03:29,742
5:00 P.M. ON NOVEMBER 11, 2019.
>> Houtz: WE TOLD HIM THAT WE
LOVED HIM.
AND HE SAID, "I LOVE YOU TOO."
32
00:03:29,809 --> 00:03:35,348
AND THAT WAS THE LAST TIME THAT
WE GOT TO TALK TO HIM.
>> Hector Martinez: I REMEMBER
WE, WE S-- WE SAY, "TAKE CARE OF
33
00:03:35,415 --> 00:03:40,620
YOURSELF."
AND HE SAY, "DON'T WORRY, I GOT
IT."
>> Cooper: AROUND 9:00 P.M., SAM
34
00:03:40,687 --> 00:03:46,859
WAS SUMMONED BY FRATERNITY
MEMBERS TO "BIG LITTLE NIGHT,"
WHEN EACH PLEDGE LEARNED WHO
THEIR "BIG BROTHER" WAS, AND,
35
00:03:46,926 --> 00:03:54,934
ACCORDING TO POLICE, GOT
INTRODUCED TO THE SO-CALLED
"FAMILY DRINK."
A.T.O. RULES FORBID HAZING AND
36
00:03:55,001 --> 00:04:02,842
ALCOHOL AT THE FRATERNITY HOUSE,
BUT SAM RECORDED THIS VIDEO
SHORTLY AFTER HE AND ANOTHER
PLEDGE WERE GIVEN NEARLY HALF A
37
00:04:02,909 --> 00:04:07,046
GALLON OF RUM BY THEIR "BIG
BROTHER"- THE EQUIVALENT OF
ABOUT 40 SHOTS.
>> Gary Jenkins: AND BASICALLY
38
00:04:07,113 --> 00:04:10,750
TOLD, "GO AHEAD AND START
DRINKING."
>> Cooper: TWO PEOPLE DRINKING
ALMOST HALF A GALLON OF RUM?
39
00:04:10,817 --> 00:04:17,023
>> Jenkins: CORRECT.
>> Cooper: GARY JENKINS IS CHIEF
OF POLICE IN PULLMAN,
WASHINGTON, WHERE WASHINGTON
40
00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:25,999
STATE UNIVERSITY IS LOCATED.
HE OVERSAW THE INVESTIGATION
INTO SAM MARTINEZ' DEATH.
>> Jenkins: IT WAS ABOUT A HALF
41
00:04:26,065 --> 00:04:29,836
AN HOUR LATER, THAT, WITNESSES
WERE TELLING US, THERE WAS ONLY
ABOUT 2.5 INCHES LEFT IN THAT--
>> Cooper: WOW.
42
00:04:29,902 --> 00:04:34,607
>> Jenkins: --HALF-GALLON
BOTTLE.
>> Cooper: IT WASN'T THE FIRST
VIOLATION OF A.T.O.'S
43
00:04:34,674 --> 00:04:42,949
DRY POLICY THAT SEMESTER.
SAM SHOT THIS VIDEO IN THE
FRATERNITY BASEMENT IN AUGUST.
ONE YOUNG MAN IS LEANING OVER A
44
00:04:43,016 --> 00:04:48,454
GARBAGE CAN.
TWO OTHERS APPEAR PASSED OUT.
THIS ONE IS PROPPED UP WITH A
BACKPACK.
45
00:04:48,521 --> 00:04:55,028
>> Jenkins: THEY WOULD PUT A
BACKPACK ON SOMEONE SO THEY
WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO STAY ON
THEIR BACK AND POTENTIALLY
46
00:04:55,094 --> 00:05:01,567
INHALE THEIR OWN VOMIT WHILE
THEY WERE UNCONSCIOUS.
>> Cooper: ACCORDING TO THE
POLICE REPORT, WHEN SAM PASSED
47
00:05:01,634 --> 00:05:06,939
OUT, HE TOO WAS LEFT ON A SOFA
IN THE BASEMENT.
HE DIED OF ACUTE ALCOHOL
POISONING HOURS LATER.
48
00:05:07,006 --> 00:05:14,781
>> Jenkins: IT WAS STRICTLY FROM
TOO MUCH ALCOHOL IN HIS SYSTEM,
THAT SHUT DOWN HIS-- HIS ORGANS.
>> Cooper: I ASSUME IT WOULD'VE
49
00:05:14,847 --> 00:05:18,985
MADE A DIFFERENCE IF, WHEN HE
HAD FIRST PASSED OUT, SOMEBODY
HAD CALLED 911?
>> Jenkins: ABSOLUTELY.
50
00:05:19,052 --> 00:05:23,222
>> Cooper: OR TAKEN HIM TO AN
EMERGENCY ROOM?
>> Jenkins: SURE.
I MEAN, HE WAS-- HE WAS ALIVE
51
00:05:23,289 --> 00:05:28,628
TILL AROUND 4:00 OR 4:30 IN THE
MORNING.
ANY TIME BEFORE THEN, MORE THAN
LIKELY, HIS LIFE WOULD'VE BEEN
52
00:05:28,695 --> 00:05:38,771
SAVED.
>> Cooper: A FRATERNITY MEMBER
DID FINALLY CALL 911, AT 8:30
A.M.
53
00:05:38,838 --> 00:05:44,444
POLICE AND E.M.T.s FOUND SAM'S
BODY ON THE BASEMENT FLOOR.
HIS BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL WAS
NEARLY FIVE TIMES THE LEGAL
54
00:05:44,510 --> 00:05:48,881
LIMIT.
>> YO, GET OUT OF THE ROOM, YOU
GUYS.
>> Coper: LATER, ACCORDING TO
55
00:05:48,948 --> 00:05:54,921
POLICE, THE FRATERNITY'S STUDENT
PRESIDENT TOLD THEM HE GOT
ADVICE FROM A.T.O.'S NATIONAL
HEADQUARTERS THAT CHIEF JENKINS
56
00:05:54,987 --> 00:06:00,993
SAID HAMPERED THE INVESTIGATION.
>> Jenkins: THE STUDENT
PRESIDENT OF THE FRATERNITY TOLD
US THAT THEY GOT WORD FROM
57
00:06:01,060 --> 00:06:09,669
NATIONAL TO-- TO INSTRUCT ALL OF
THEIR MEMBERS TO DELETE ALL
THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA.
AND SO, THAT TELLS ME A LOT
58
00:06:09,736 --> 00:06:13,906
ABOUT-- ABOUT THE NATIONAL
ORGANIZATION, WHETHER THEY'RE
REALLY INTERESTED IN THE TRUTH.
>> Cooper: DID THEY PREVENT
59
00:06:13,973 --> 00:06:19,412
JUSTICE?
>> Jenkins: I THINK SO.
I THINK THERE WAS VERY LIKELY
INFORMATION THAT WOULD BE VERY
60
00:06:19,479 --> 00:06:26,819
RELEVANT TO THE INVESTIGATION OF
SAM'S DEATH THAT WOULD'VE BEEN
IN SOCIAL MEDIA, THAT NOW WE'LL
NEVER KNOW.
61
00:06:26,886 --> 00:06:31,424
>> Cooper: EIGHT MONTHS AFTER
SAM'S DEATH, HIS PARENTS FILED
SUIT AGAINST A.T.O., ITS
MEMBERS, AND WASHINGTON STATE
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00:06:31,491 --> 00:06:37,330
UNIVERSITY.
DOUG FIERBERG, THEIR ATTORNEY,
HAS LITIGATED MORE THAN 40
HAZING CASES DURING THE LAST TWO
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00:06:37,396 --> 00:06:42,101
DECADES.
>> Doug Fierberg: THIS IS AN
INDUSTRY THAT'S BEEN INVOLVED IN
THIS SORT OF MISCONDUCT FOR
64
00:06:42,168 --> 00:06:46,739
DECADES.
>> Cooper: I DON'T THINK A LOT
OF PEOPLE THINK OF FRATERNITIES
AS AN INDUSTRY.
65
00:06:46,806 --> 00:06:52,645
>> Fierberg: IT'S A NETWORK OF
ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE THERE
TRYING TO SOLICIT MEMBERSHIP
FROM YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE AWAY
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00:06:52,712 --> 00:06:58,584
FROM HOME, OFTEN FOR THE FIRST
TIME, AND IT'S CLEARLY DESIGNED
TO MAKE MONEY, LIKE ANY OTHER
INDUSTRY.
67
00:06:58,651 --> 00:07:04,624
>> Cooper: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF
FRATERNITY LEADERSHIP?
>> Fierberg: THEY HAVE COMPLETE
CONTROL, BUT ALSO PAIR THAT WITH
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00:07:04,690 --> 00:07:10,997
DENIABILITY.
BECAUSE, PRINCIPAL TO THEM IS
THIS IDEA THAT WHEN SOMEBODY
DIES-- AND THAT'S GOING TO
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00:07:11,063 --> 00:07:18,404
HAPPEN-- OR WHEN SOMEBODY IS
SEXUALLY ASSAULTED-- AND THAT'S
GOING TO HAPPEN-- THAT THEY HAVE
SOME BLOCKADE BETWEEN THEM AND
70
00:07:18,471 --> 00:07:27,079
THE VICTIM, IN TERMS OF
LIABILITY.
>> Wynn Smiley: MY PRIMARY GOAL,
WHEN SAM DIED, WAS TO FIND OUT
71
00:07:27,146 --> 00:07:34,620
WHAT HAPPENED.
LIABILITY WAS THE LAST THING ON
MY MIND.
>> Cooper: WYNN SMILEY HAS BEEN
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00:07:34,687 --> 00:07:42,595
C.E.O. OF ALPHA TAU OMEGA'S
NATIONAL FRATERNITY ORGANIZATION
FOR 25 YEARS AND REPORTS TO A
BOARD OF DIRECTORS THAT HAS
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00:07:42,662 --> 00:07:50,536
AUTHORITY OVER ITS MULTIMILLION
DOLLAR BUDGET.
HE SAID THEY SET THE RULES FOR
A.T.O.'S 137 LOCAL CHAPTERS
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00:07:50,603 --> 00:07:55,241
NATIONWIDE, EDUCATE MEMBERS
AGGRESSIVELY ON THEIR POLICIES
BANNING HAZING AND UNDERAGE
DRINKING, AND HAVE THE POWER TO
75
00:07:55,308 --> 00:08:02,715
SHUT LOCAL CHAPTERS DOWN.
AFTER SAM'S DEATH, WYNN SMILEY
FLEW TO WASHINGTON STATE
UNIVERSITY THE NEXT DAY.
76
00:08:02,782 --> 00:08:10,623
>> Smiley: WE WANTED TO FIND OUT
WHO BROKE A.T.O. POLICY.
THEY KNOWINGLY DECIDED TO
PROVIDE ALCOHOL TO SAM, WHICH IS
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00:08:10,690 --> 00:08:18,130
A VIOLATION NOT ON-- ONLY OF OUR
ALCOHOL POLICY, BUT ALSO OF OUR
HAZING POLICY.
>> Cooper: WE UNDERSTAND YOU
78
00:08:18,197 --> 00:08:25,004
CAME WITH AN "INSURANCE
ADJUSTER."
>> Smiley: I CAME WITH LINDA,
WHO IS A GREAT INVESTIGATOR.
79
00:08:25,071 --> 00:08:28,507
SHE ACTS LIKE A MOTHER, AS IT
RELATES TO THEM FEELING--
FEELING COMFORTABLE WITH HER.
>> Cooper: IS SHE AN INSURANCE
80
00:08:28,574 --> 00:08:33,346
ADJUSTER?
>> Smiley: SHE IS.
>> Cooper: DO YOU TURN OVER THE
RESULTS OF ANY INTERVIEWS YOU'VE
81
00:08:33,412 --> 00:08:37,884
DONE WITH MEMBERS TO THE POLICE?
>> Smiley: DEPENDS ON THE
SITUATION.
>> Cooper: IN SAM'S DEATH, DID
82
00:08:37,950 --> 00:08:42,755
YOU?
>> Smiley: I HA-- I-- I DON'T--
I DON'T RECALL, FRANKLY.
>> Cooper: IF YOU WANT TO BE
83
00:08:42,822 --> 00:08:46,492
TRANSPARENT, YOU WOULD TURN OVER
THE RESULTS OF THOSE INTERVIEWS
TO THE POLICE, NO?
>> Smiley: WE WOULD HAVE
84
00:08:46,559 --> 00:08:52,431
CERTAINLY PROVIDED THAT
INFORMATION, HAD WE-- HAD THE
POLICE ASKED.
>> Cooper: CHIEF JENKINS TOLD US
85
00:08:52,498 --> 00:08:58,738
HIS OFFICERS WERE UNAWARE WYNN
SMILEY AND ALPHA TAU OMEGA'S
INSURANCE ADJUSTER WERE
CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION, AND
86
00:08:58,804 --> 00:09:04,644
RECEIVED NO INFORMATION FROM
A.T.O. ABOUT WHAT MEMBERS TOLD
THEM.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRATERNITY
87
00:09:04,710 --> 00:09:14,120
TOLD THE POLICE THAT, AND I'M
QUOTING, "NATIONAL'S A.T.O. HAD
TOLD THEM TO DELETE ALL THEIR
SOCIAL MEDIA."
88
00:09:14,186 --> 00:09:22,461
>> Smiley: ANY TIME THE CHAPTER
IS IN A SITUATION WHERE IT HAS
KNOWINGLY VIOLATED A.T.O.
POLICY, AND WE KNOW THAT THERE'S
89
00:09:22,528 --> 00:09:26,832
GOING TO BE NEWS COVERAGE, WE
ADVISE CHAPTERS TO TAKE DOWN
THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA.
WE DID NOT TELL THEM TO
90
00:09:26,899 --> 00:09:32,505
"DELETE."
WE NEVER TELL ANYBODY DELETE--
DELETE ANYBODY'S SOCIAL MEDIA.
>> Cooper: DID YOU TELL MEMBERS
91
00:09:32,571 --> 00:09:37,710
TO SAVE ALL OF THEIR
COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT WHAT
HAPPENED THAT NIGHT, IN ORDER TO
GIVE IT TO POLICE?
92
00:09:37,777 --> 00:09:44,650
>> Smiley: WE TOLD MEMBERS TO
COOPERATE FULLY WITH THE POLICE.
>> SO, IF YOU HAVE ANYTHING THAT
YOU WANT TO TELL US?
93
00:09:44,717 --> 00:09:50,089
>> Cooper: BUT ACCORDING TO
CHIEF JENKINS, FRATERNITY
MEMBERS WERE NOT PARTICULARLY
COOPERATIVE.
94
00:09:50,156 --> 00:09:54,927
>> Jenkins: WE DEFINITELY FOUND
THAT, WHEN INTERVIEWING
FRATERNITY MEMBERS, THAT THEY
WERE LESS THAN FORTHCOMING.
95
00:09:54,994 --> 00:10:01,968
AND-- AND WE FOUND A LOT OF
CONFLICTS BETWEEN WHAT THEY TOLD
US AND WHAT OTHER PEOPLE TOLD
US, WHO KNEW WHAT WAS HAPPENING.
96
00:10:02,034 --> 00:10:06,939
>> Cooper: SAM'S PARENTS SAY IT
WAS ONLY AFTER HIS DEATH THEY
LEARNED A.T.O. HAD A TROUBLED
PAST AT WASHINGTON STATE
97
00:10:07,006 --> 00:10:14,380
UNIVERSITY.
IN 2013, W.S.U. PUT THE
FRATERNITY ON PROBATION FOR NINE
MONTHS BECAUSE OF ALCOHOL-
98
00:10:14,447 --> 00:10:20,820
RELATED HAZING.
>> Houtz: PARENTS NEED TO SEE
THE TRACK RECORD, THE
DISCIPLINARY HISTORY OF THESE
99
00:10:20,886 --> 00:10:26,392
FRATERNITIES, SO THAT, YOU KNOW,
WE CAN BE INFORMED.
>> Cooper: THEY COULD EASILY DO
THAT.
100
00:10:26,459 --> 00:10:33,966
>> Houtz: I THINK SO.
>> Cooper: IN 2018, AFTER
ANOTHER COMPLAINT OF HAZING,
A.T.O.'S NATIONAL OFFICE STEPPED
101
00:10:34,033 --> 00:10:38,938
IN AND REMOVED NEARLY HALF THE
CHAPTER'S MEMBERS-- SOME 30
STUDENTS-- THOUGH A.T.O. NEVER
DISCLOSED WHY.
102
00:10:39,005 --> 00:10:46,645
DID YOU MAKE THAT INFORMATION
PUBLIC ANYWHERE?
>> Smiley: WE HAD THAT
CONVERSATION WITH THE MEMBERS,
103
00:10:46,712 --> 00:10:51,050
IN TERMS OF WHY THEY'RE BEING
EXPELLED, AND THEY CAN CERTAINLY
SHARE THAT WITH WHOMEVER THEY
WANT.
104
00:10:51,117 --> 00:10:58,624
>> Cooper: BUT YOU DON'T PUBLISH
INFORMATION ON YOUR WEBSITE
ABOUT WHAT YOU FIND.
WHY NOT BE UP-FRONT ABOUT WHAT
105
00:10:58,691 --> 00:11:04,397
YOU ACTUALLY FOUND?
>> Smiley: WE'RE MOVING FORWARD
WITH THE MEN WHO ARE IN THE
CHAPTER, WHO WE BELIEVE--
106
00:11:04,463 --> 00:11:10,636
>> Cooper: YOU PUT A LOT OF VERY
POSITIVE STUFF ABOUT A.T.O.
ON YOUR WEBSITE.
DON'T YOU ALSO OWE IT TO
107
00:11:10,703 --> 00:11:14,874
POTENTIAL PLEDGES AND THEIR
PARENTS TO GIVE THEM INFORMATION
WHEN THEY'RE LOOKING AT YOUR
FRATERNITY?
108
00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:18,044
>> Smiley: IF WE THOUGHT THAT
WOULD HELP, BUT WE DON'T
CONSIDER IT--
>> Cooper: WHY DON'T YOU THINK
109
00:11:18,110 --> 00:11:21,480
THAT WOULD HELP?
>> Smiley: BECAUSE I DON'T THINK
THAT-- I DON'T THINK
UNDERGRADUATES LOOK AT WEBSITES.
110
00:11:21,547 --> 00:11:25,117
AND I DON'T THINK--
>> Cooper: WAIT!
( LAUGHS )
WAIT A MINUTE.
111
00:11:25,184 --> 00:11:28,888
YOU-- YOU "DON'T THINK
UNDERGRADUATES LOOK AT
WEBSITES"?
YOU KNOW THAT IF YOU PUT ALL
112
00:11:28,954 --> 00:11:34,627
THIS INFORMATION ON YOUR
WEBSITE, IT MIGHT DISSUADE
PEOPLE FROM CHOOSING TO PLEDGE
YOUR FRATERNITY.
113
00:11:34,693 --> 00:11:39,265
>> Smiley: THAT'S-- THAT'S NOT
WHY WE WOULDN'T PUT IT ON.
WE'RE CONSIDERING-- WE'RE
LOOKING AT THAT.
114
00:11:39,331 --> 00:11:46,639
>> Cooper: WYNN SMILEY TOLD US
HE SUPPORTS EFFORTS TO INCREASE
CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR HAZING,
BUT DOESN'T BELIEVE HIS NATIONAL
115
00:11:46,705 --> 00:11:52,278
ORGANIZATION HAS A DUTY TO
SUPERVISE ITS LOCAL CHAPTERS.
>> Smiley: THESE ARE SELF-
GOVERNING, INDEPENDENT
116
00:11:52,344 --> 00:11:56,148
ORGANIZATIONS FOR A REASON.
>> Cooper: RIGHT.
BUT YOU-- YOU WANT THEM TO BE.
YOU ARE MAKING MONEY FROM THEM.
117
00:11:56,215 --> 00:12:00,719
OU CAN SHUT THEM DOWN.
YOU CAN GO IN AND TELL THEM THAT
YOU'RE GOING TO DRUG-TEST.
YOU DO HAVE A SUPERVISORY
118
00:12:00,786 --> 00:12:06,592
FUNCTION; YOU JUST ARE NOT
WANTING TO EMBRACE IT.
>> Smiley: AND IF WE THOUGHT
THAT THAT WOULD BE EFFECTIVE, WE
119
00:12:06,659 --> 00:12:10,629
MAY CONSIDER THAT.
>> Cooper: YOU DON'T WANT ANY
ADULT SUPERVISION THAT'S
DIRECTLY LINKED TO YOU.
120
00:12:10,696 --> 00:12:14,934
YOU DON'T FEEL THAT WOULD BE
BENEFICIAL.
>> Smiley: WE'RE NOT CONVINCED
THAT THAT WOULD NECESSARILY BE
121
00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:20,506
BENEFICIAL.
>> Jenkins: I DON'T THINK THEY
COULD BE MORE WRONG.
I THINK HAVING AN ADULT THERE,
122
00:12:20,573 --> 00:12:25,377
TO OVERSEE WHAT'S GOING ON AND
ENSURE THAT THEY ARE COMPLYING
WITH THEIR OWN HANDBOOK--
EVERYTHING THAT WAS GOING ON WAS
123
00:12:25,444 --> 00:12:30,950
IN VIOLATION OF WHAT THEIR
HANDBOOK SAYS.
>> Houtz: THEY SET THEMSELVES UP
TO ENSURE THAT IF SOMETHING GOES
124
00:12:31,016 --> 00:12:38,924
WRONG, THAT THEY CAN'T BE HELD
ACCOUNTABLE.
AND THEY'LL POINT TO THE ROGUE
FRATERNITY MEMBERS OR THEY'LL
125
00:12:38,991 --> 00:12:44,330
POINT TO THE UNIVERSITY OR
THEY'LL POINT AT THE YOUNG DEAD
PLEDGE AND BLAME THEM, BUT IT'S
NEVER THEIR FAULT.
126
00:12:44,396 --> 00:12:49,935
>> Cooper: DID THEY TRY TO BLAME
SAM?
>> Houtz: OH YEAH.
WHY WAS HE DRINKING THAT NIGHT?
127
00:12:50,002 --> 00:12:56,809
IT'S-- THAT'S NOT WHAT WE DO
HERE.
>> Cooper: WYNN SMILEY SAYS SAM
MARTINEZ WASN'T BULLIED OR
128
00:12:56,876 --> 00:13:03,082
PRESSURED INTO DRINKING THE
NIGHT HE DIED.
>> Smiley: WHEN PUSH COMES TO
SHOVE, THE PLEDGES CAN STAND UP
129
00:13:03,149 --> 00:13:06,485
AND SAY, "NO."
>> Cooper: WAIT A MINUTE, WAIT A
MINUTE, COME ON.
>> Smiley: AND I DON'T WANT TO
130
00:13:06,552 --> 00:13:10,623
PUT-- I DON'T WANT TO PUT THAT
ON THEM.
I DON'T WANT TO PUT THAT ON
THEM, BECAUSE THAT'S NOT FAIR.
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00:13:10,689 --> 00:13:14,927
I'M JUST SAYING THAT-
>> Cooper: BUT-- BUT COME ON.
YOU KNOW IF A PLEDGE SAYS, "THIS
IS RIDICULOUS.
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00:13:14,994 --> 00:13:23,402
I'M NOT GOING TO DRINK HOT
SAUCE, I'M NOT GOING TO DO, YOU
KNOW, SQUATS AGAINST THE WALL,
AND I'M NOT GOING TO DO 20 SHOTS
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00:13:23,469 --> 00:13:28,641
OF RUM," THEY WOULDN'T GET INTO
THE FRATERNITY.
>> Smiley: NO, AND I'M TELLING
YOU THEY WOULD.
134
00:13:28,707 --> 00:13:34,413
>> Cooper: THIS IS THE SECOND-
BIGGEST NIGHT IN THE ENTIRE
PLEDGE PROCESS THAT SAM HAS
UNDERTAKEN.
135
00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:38,817
>> Smiley: HE WAS PROVIDED THE
ALCOHOL, SHOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN
PROVIDED THE ALCOHOL--
>> Cooper: HE WASN'T "PROVIDED
136
00:13:38,884 --> 00:13:44,857
THE ALCOHOL," LIKE SOMEBODY JUST
GOES AND GETS BEER FOR SOME KIDS
HANGING OUTSIDE A 7-ELEVEN.
HE WAS HANDED A-- NEARLY HALF A
137
00:13:44,924 --> 00:13:48,494
GALLON OF RUM.
YOU'RE SAYING H-- IF HE HAD JUST
SAID, "YOU KNOW WHAT?
NO, THIS IS RIDICULOUS," THEY
138
00:13:48,561 --> 00:13:52,264
WOULD'VE SAID, "GREAT.
YOU-- YOU CAN BE A MEMBER OF OUR
FRATERNITY.
THAT'S GREAT.
139
00:13:52,331 --> 00:13:58,637
THAT SHOWS SPUNK ON YOUR PART."
YOU THINK THAT'S WHAT WOULD HAVE
HAPPENED?
>> Smiley: HAD HE SAID, "NO, I
140
00:13:58,704 --> 00:14:02,942
DON'T WANT TO DRINK," I'M
CONFIDENT THAT HE WOULD NOT HAVE
HAD TO HAVE DRINKED.
>> Cooper: HE'D ALREADY HAD DATE
141
00:14:03,008 --> 00:14:07,413
NIGHT.
ACTUALLY IT'S CALLED "BLACK-OUT
DATE NIGHT," I BELIEVE.
WHAT HAPPENS ON BLACK-OUT DATE
142
00:14:07,479 --> 00:14:14,453
NIGHT?
>> Smiley: SO, WHOEVER ORGANIZED
THAT EVENT, FOR THE FRATERNITY,
AGAIN, DID SO OUTSIDE OF A.T.O.
143
00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:17,623
POLICY.
AND PEOPLE WERE-- WERE CONNECTED
WITH DATES, OR THEY BROUGHT A
DATE--
144
00:14:17,690 --> 00:14:21,794
>> Cooper: THEY WERE HANDCUFFED
TO DATES.
>> Smiley: SOME WERE.
AND--
145
00:14:21,860 --> 00:14:25,798
>> Cooper: YEAH, WELL, HE WAS
HANDCUFFED TO A WOMAN, AND TOLD
TO DRINK-- I THINK IT WAS A
HALF-BOTTLE OF VODKA.
146
00:14:25,864 --> 00:14:33,706
>> Smiley: AND SHOULD HAVE NEVER
BEEN PUT IN THAT POSITION.
>> Cooper: IN JULY, ALPHA TAU
OMEGA SETTLED THE LAWSUIT
147
00:14:33,772 --> 00:14:39,278
BROUGHT BY SAM MARTINEZ' PARENTS
WITHOUT ADMITTING WRONGDOING.
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
REMOVED ITS RECOGNITION OF THE
148
00:14:39,345 --> 00:14:46,652
CHAPTER, AND THEN A.T.O.
REVOKED ITS CHARTER.
THE CHAPTER CAN SEEK
REINSTATEMENT IN 2026.
149
00:14:46,719 --> 00:14:54,927
SEVEN FRATERNITY MEMBERS HAVE
BEEN SENTENCED TO BETWEEN ONE
AND 19 DAYS IN JAIL FOR SERVING
ALCOHOL TO MINORS.
150
00:14:54,994 --> 00:15:02,935
SAM'S PARENTS ARE NOW WORKING
WITH STATE LEGISLATORS TO TRY TO
MAKE HAZING A FELONY.
>> Houtz: HE WAS THE BEAUTIFUL,
151
00:15:03,002 --> 00:15:10,976
QUIRKY, FUNNY CENTER OF OUR
WORLD.
AND IT FELT LIKE THE EARTH JUST
FELL AWAY THE DAY THAT WE
152
00:15:11,043 --> 00:15:20,019
LEARNED THE NEWS.
>> Cooper: WHAT DO YOU WANT TO
SEE HAPPEN?
>> Houtz: I DON'T WANT TO SEE
153
00:15:20,085 --> 00:15:22,688
ANY MORE YOUNG MEN DIE.
( TICKING )
154
00:15:31,630 --> 00:15:39,538
>> Lesley Stahl: WITH CLOSE TO A
MILLION SPECIES NOW THREATENED
WITH EXTINCTION, IT'S NOT OFTEN
YOU HEAR ABOUT A CONSERVATION
155
00:15:39,605 --> 00:15:47,646
SUCCESS STORY, BUT THE MOUNTAIN
GORILLAS OF THE EAST AFRICAN
NATION OF RWANDA ARE JUST THAT.
WHEN AMERICAN NATURALIST DIAN
156
00:15:47,713 --> 00:15:55,754
FOSSEY MOVED TO RWANDA HALF A
CENTURY AGO TO STUDY MOUNTAIN
GORILLAS, THEIR NUMBERS WERE
DWINDLING, DOWN TO JUST 254
157
00:15:55,821 --> 00:16:04,330
INDIVIDUALS.
BUT TODAY THEY'RE UP TO OVER
600, WITH ANOTHER 400 IN
NEIGHBORING UGANDA-- THE ONLY
158
00:16:04,396 --> 00:16:12,037
GREAT APE WHOSE NUMBERS ARE
ACTUALLY ON THE RISE.
HOW THEY'VE DONE IT?
A JOINT EFFORT BY SCIENTISTS AND
159
00:16:12,104 --> 00:16:23,782
GOVERNMENT TO SAVE GORILLAS AND
HELP THE HUMAN COMMUNITIES
AROUND THEM, WITH A KEY ROLE
PLAYED... BY TOURISTS.
160
00:16:23,849 --> 00:16:31,757
THESE ARE THE VIRUNGA VOLCANOES,
HOME TO MOST OF THE WORLD'S
MOUNTAIN GORILLAS.
DIAN FOSSEY APTLY CALLED THEM
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00:16:31,824 --> 00:16:43,736
GORILLAS IN THE MIST.
BUT WHEN THE MIST LIFTS...
THEY ARE GORILLAS IN THE SUN,
DOING WHAT MOUNTAIN GORILLAS
162
00:16:43,802 --> 00:16:54,012
DO... EAT... REST... EAT SOME
MORE... AND SNUGGLE.
>> Tara Stoinski: WHEN YOU LOOK
IN THE EYES OF A GORILLA, YOU
163
00:16:54,079 --> 00:17:00,052
SEE A KINDRED SPIRIT LOOKING
BACK AT YOU.
THEY ARE SO MUCH LIKE US.
THEY HAVE FRIENDS, THEY HAVE
164
00:17:00,119 --> 00:17:05,124
ENEMIES.
THEY LOVE TO PLAY.
THEY LOVE TO EAT.
THEY LOVE TO NAP.
165
00:17:05,190 --> 00:17:10,896
THEY ARE INCREDIBLE MOMS AND
INCREDIBLE DADS.
>> Stoinski: SO, WE'RE GOING TO
PULL THIS ONE OUT.
166
00:17:10,963 --> 00:17:17,269
>> Stahl: PRIMATOLOGIST TARA
STOINSKI HEADS THE DIAN FOSSEY
GORILLA FUND, A NON-PROFIT
RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION
167
00:17:17,336 --> 00:17:22,875
ORGANIZATION THAT GREW OUT OF
FOSSEY'S WORK.
HOW MANY YEARS DID SHE LIVE UP
HERE ALONE?
168
00:17:22,941 --> 00:17:31,750
>> Stoinski: SHE WAS IN THE
FOREST FOR 18 YEARS.
>> Stahl: FOSSEY WAS SENT TO
RWANDA IN 1967 BY FAMED
169
00:17:31,817 --> 00:17:39,258
ANTHROPOLOGIST LOUIS LEAKEY, WHO
HAD ALSO SENT JANE GOODALL TO
TANZANIA TO STUDY CHIMPS.
>> Stoinski: THE PEOPLE IN THE
170
00:17:39,324 --> 00:17:43,395
REGION, THEY GAVE HER A
NICKNAME: NYIRAMACIBIRI, WHICH
MEANT "WOMAN THAT LIVES ALONE IN
THE FOREST."
171
00:17:43,462 --> 00:17:46,665
I'M SURE THEY WONDERED, LIKE,
WHAT WAS SHE DOING UP THERE?
>> Stahl: STRANGE WOMAN LIVING
UP--
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00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:49,768
>> Stoinski: STRANGE WOMAN.
>> Stahl: --IN THE MOUNT--
>> Stoinski: AND VERY TALL.
SHE WAS 6'.
173
00:17:49,835 --> 00:17:56,442
THIS IS ACTUALLY FROM 1969.
>> Stahl: WHAT SHE WAS DOING, AS
STOINSKI SHOWED US, WAS
OBSERVING GORILLAS FOR HOURS A
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00:17:56,508 --> 00:18:04,049
DAY.
>> Stoinski: WHAT SHE WOULD DO
EACH NIGHT IS COME BACK AND TYPE
UP ALL OF HER NOTES.
175
00:18:04,116 --> 00:18:09,521
>> Stahl: "THERE IS SOME SOFT
PIG GRUNTING HEARD FROM THE
SILVERBACK, AND GAS IS
RELEASED."
176
00:18:09,588 --> 00:18:13,859
( LAUGHS )
AND THIS JUST GOES ON AND--
>> Stoinski: ON AND ON, YEAH.
>> Stahl: ON AND ON?
177
00:18:13,926 --> 00:18:22,801
FOSSEY'S RESEARCH-- AND HER
APPEARANCES IN "NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC"-- HELPED CHANGE THE
PERCEPTION OF GORILLAS FROM
178
00:18:22,868 --> 00:18:28,474
AGGRESSIVE, KING KONG BRUTES, TO
THE GENTLE VEGETARIAN GIANTS
THEY ACTUALLY ARE.
BUT GORILLAS BACK THEN WERE
179
00:18:28,540 --> 00:18:36,448
UNDER ASSAULT.
WHY WERE THERE POACHERS?
WHY WERE PEOPLE INTERESTED?
>> Stoinski: WELL, AT THE TIME,
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00:18:36,515 --> 00:18:43,255
PEOPLE UNFORTUNATELY WANTED
PARTS OF GORILLAS AS TROPHIES.
SO THEY WANTED A GORILLA HEAD
FOR THEIR MANTELPIECE, OR A-- A
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00:18:43,322 --> 00:18:49,761
GORILLA HAND.
>> Stahl: THE GORILLAS' HABITAT
WAS ALSO BEING EATEN AWAY, AS
THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF FOREST
182
00:18:49,828 --> 00:19:00,038
WERE CUT DOWN SO FARMERS COULD
PLANT CASH CROPS UP THE
MOUNTAINSIDE.
THE DEMARCATION LINE BETWEEN
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00:19:00,105 --> 00:19:06,211
FARMLAND AND FOREST STANDS OUT
LIKE A BAD HAIRCUT, SHOWING HOW
LITTLE LAND GORILLAS HAVE LEFT.
WE CUT DOWN THEIR HOMES.
184
00:19:06,278 --> 00:19:12,050
>> Stoinski: YEAH, I MEAN,
UNFORTUNATELY, THAT'S THE STORY
FOR WILDLIFE AROUND THE WORLD.
>> Stahl: BUT HERE, THAT STORY
185
00:19:12,117 --> 00:19:20,392
IS GETTING A REWRITE, AND THE
NEW VERSION STARTS AT VOLCANOES
NATIONAL PARK HEADQUARTERS EVERY
MORNING, WHERE TOURISTS GATHER
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00:19:20,459 --> 00:19:28,066
TO TREK TO SEE GORILLAS, LED BY
EXPERT GUIDES.
>> THEY CAN LIVE UP TO 45 YEARS.
>> Stahl: THE RWANDAN GOVERNMENT
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00:19:28,133 --> 00:19:36,174
REGULATES THE VISITS-- NO MORE
THAN EIGHT PEOPLE PER GROUP, FOR
JUST ONE HOUR WITH THE GORILLAS,
WITH PRECAUTIONS TAKEN TO
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00:19:36,241 --> 00:19:48,053
PROTECT THEM FROM HUMAN ILLNESS.
THE PRICE TAG IS STEEP-- $1,500
PER PERSON-- TURNING RWANDA, A
COUNTRY KNOWN FOR ITS HORRIFIC
189
00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:55,093
1994 GENOCIDE, NOT SO MUCH FOR
ITS BEAUTIFUL SCENERY, INTO A
PRIME DESTINATION FOR THE
WEALTHY.
190
00:19:55,160 --> 00:20:01,767
SOME OF THE MOST LUXURIOUS
HOTELS IN THE WORLD HAVE OPENED
HERE, GENERATING TENS OF
MILLIONS IN TOURISM REVENUE.
191
00:20:01,833 --> 00:20:07,906
OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE DIAMONDS,
OIL.
WOULD YOU SAY THAT GORILLAS ARE
THE MOST IMPORTANT NATURAL
192
00:20:07,973 --> 00:20:11,810
RESOURCE OF THIS WHOLE COUNTRY?
>> Stoinski: DEFINITELY.
DEFINITELY--
>> Stahl: DEFINITELY?
193
00:20:11,877 --> 00:20:16,148
>> Stoinski: YEAH.
IT'S ONE OF IF NOT THE TOP
SOURCE OF FOREIGN REVENUE, IS
TOURISM TO SEE THE GORILLAS.
194
00:20:16,214 --> 00:20:20,485
>> Stahl: FOR THE WHOLE COUNTRY?
>> Stoinski: FOR THE WHOLE
COUNTRY.
>> Stahl: THE GOVERNMENT GIVES
195
00:20:20,552 --> 00:20:28,060
10% OF THE MONEY FROM THOSE
GORILLA TREKS TO DISTRICTS THAT
BORDER NATIONAL PARKS, IN A
PROGRAM CALLED TOURISM REVENUE
196
00:20:28,126 --> 00:20:33,632
SHARING.
>> Prosper Uwingeli: AS YOU SEE
THIS SCHOOL BEHIND, THAT WAS
BEFORE.
197
00:20:33,699 --> 00:20:39,938
>> Stahl: CHIEF PARK WARDEN
PROSPER UWINGELI MET US AT A
LOCAL PRIMARY SCHOOL.
BEHIND HIM WAS THE OLD SCHOOL.
198
00:20:40,005 --> 00:20:45,277
BEHIND ME...
>> Uwingeli: LOOK AT THE
WINDOWS.
>> Stahl: NEW CLASSROOMS PAID
199
00:20:45,344 --> 00:20:48,880
FOR BY TOURISM REVENUE SHARING
FUNDS.
IT COSTS $1,500
>> Uwingeli: YES.
200
00:20:48,947 --> 00:20:55,787
>> Stahl: TO GO SEE THE GORILLAS
FOR ONE HOUR.
>> Uwingeli: FOR ONE HOUR.
SPECIAL EXPERIENCE.
201
00:20:55,854 --> 00:21:01,660
>> Stahl: HE ADMITS IT'S A LOT,
BUT SAYS IT'S MADE A TREMENDOUS
DIFFERENCE IN HIS MEETINGS WITH
LOCAL LEADERS.
202
00:21:01,727 --> 00:21:05,831
>> Uwingeli: WE GO THERE AND WE
LISTEN WHAT COMMUNITIES WANT THE
TOURISM REVENUE SHARING TO-- TO
SUPPORT.
203
00:21:05,897 --> 00:21:11,870
>> Stahl: THEY DECIDE?
>> Uwingeli: YEAH, THEY DECIDE.
>> Stahl: THIS VILLAGE BUILT A
HEALTH CENTER.
204
00:21:11,937 --> 00:21:20,512
THIS ONE NEW HOUSING WITH WATER
TANKS AND ELECTRICITY.
HERE, A NEW MARKETPLACE.
THE 10% GIVES COMMUNITIES UP TO
205
00:21:20,579 --> 00:21:31,790
650,000 U.S. DOLLARS A YEAR.
>> GOOD MORNING, GOOD MORNING.
>> Stahl: UWINGELI DIVIDES HIS
TIME BETWEEN GREETING TOURISTS,
206
00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:37,763
MANAGING HIS RANGERS, AND
TRAVELING AROUND THESE VILLAGES,
TALKING, CAJOLING, AND
CELEBRATING WHAT TOURISM REVENUE
207
00:21:37,829 --> 00:21:47,472
HAS ACHIEVED.
( CLAPPING )
A FEW YEARS BACK, THIS COMMUNITY
CHOSE TO GET MILKING COWS, WHICH
208
00:21:47,539 --> 00:21:52,978
HAVE SINCE HAD CALVES.
SO, THE COWS ARE NOW BEING GIVEN
TO NEW NEEDY FAMILIES.
♪ ♪ ♪
209
00:21:53,045 --> 00:22:00,052
AND THOSE COLORFUL STRIPED
SWEATERS?
THEY'RE A PRODUCT OF TOURISM
REVENUE SHARING, TOO.
210
00:22:00,118 --> 00:22:06,158
ONE YEAR THIS COMMUNITY USED ITS
FUNDS TO BUY KNITTING MACHINES.
A LOT OF THE GUIDES, PORTERS
COME FROM THESE COMMUNITIES--
211
00:22:06,224 --> 00:22:09,227
>> Stoinski: --FROM THESE
COMMUNITIES.
AND SOME OF THEM ARE FORMER
POACHERS THEMSELVES.
212
00:22:09,294 --> 00:22:12,064
>> Stahl: NO?
>> Stoinski: YEAH.
>> Stahl: SOME OF THE PORTERS
AND GUIDES?
213
00:22:12,130 --> 00:22:15,967
>> Stoinski: YEAH.
>> Stahl: WERE POACHERS?
>> Stoinski: OR COME FROM
POACHER FAMILIES.
214
00:22:16,034 --> 00:22:19,905
>> Stahl: SO, HAS ALL POACHING
OF GORILLAS STOPPED?
>> Uwingeli: YEAH.
IN RWANDA, YES.
215
00:22:19,971 --> 00:22:31,349
CONFIDENTLY, YES.
>> Stahl: BUT GORILLAS CAN STILL
GET CAUGHT IN SNARES SET FOR
SMALLER ANIMALS LIKE ANTELOPES,
216
00:22:31,416 --> 00:22:37,789
SO THE FOSSEY FUND DISPATCHES A
SMALL ARMY OF TRACKERS EVERY
MORNING, 365 DAYS A YEAR.
>> Stoinski: WE GO OUT INTO THE
217
00:22:37,856 --> 00:22:42,427
FOREST.
WE KNOW EVERY GORILLA IN ALL OF
THE FAMILIES THAT WE MONITOR.
WE CHECK AND MAKE SURE EVERY ONE
218
00:22:42,494 --> 00:22:48,066
OF THEM IS OKAY.
IF ONE LOOKS ILL, WE'LL NOTIFY
THE VETERINARIANS.
AND WE CALL THIS EXTREME
219
00:22:48,133 --> 00:22:55,073
CONSERVATION.
>> Stahl: IT COULD ALSO BE
CALLED AN EXTREME WORKOUT.
OH, BOY.
220
00:22:55,140 --> 00:23:01,780
WE SET OFF ON A GORILLA TREK
WITH STOINSKI, UWINGELI AND A
TEAM OF PORTERS.
VISITING MOUNTAIN GORILLAS IS NO
221
00:23:01,847 --> 00:23:11,890
WALK IN THE PARK.
IT'S AN UPHILL HIKE FOR MORE
TAN AN HOUR AT AN ALTITUDE OF
8,000 FEET, THROUGH THAT
222
00:23:11,957 --> 00:23:16,561
FARMLAND THAT ONCE BELONGED TO
THE GORILLAS.
CAN WE STOP HERE?
JUST TO GET TO THE PARK.
223
00:23:16,628 --> 00:23:20,232
ARE YOU OUT OF BREATH?
>> Stoinski: YES.
( LAUGHS )
>> Stahl: OR IS IT JUST ME?
224
00:23:20,298 --> 00:23:25,771
THEN, JUST AS WE REACHED THE
PARK BORDER...
( GASP )
OH, MY GOODNESS GRACIOUS, I
225
00:23:25,837 --> 00:23:32,144
CAN'T BELIEVE THIS.
A SILVERBACK, USED TO SEEING
TOURISTS, SAT CALMLY EATING.
HE'S RIGHT HERE.
226
00:23:32,210 --> 00:23:40,051
>> YEAH, COME, COME.
>> Stahl: UNFAZED BY OUR GAWKING
AND POINTING.
UWINGELI TOLD US HE'S AN ADULT
227
00:23:40,118 --> 00:23:49,761
MALE NAMED LISANGA.
FOSSEY FUND COUNTRY DIRECTOR
FELIX NDAGIJIMANA TAUGHT US HOW
TO SIGNAL THAT WE COME IN PEACE.
228
00:23:49,828 --> 00:23:55,500
( GORILLA SOUND )
( GORILLA SOUND )
>> Ndagijimana: OH, THAT'S VERY
GOOD.
229
00:23:55,567 --> 00:24:00,038
>> Stahl: INSIDE THE PARK, AFTER
MORE CLIMBING.
>> Stoinski: LOOK, LESLEY, LOOK.
LESLEY--
230
00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:07,779
>> Stahl: OH, LOOK AT THE BABY.
OH, MY GOODNESS.
WE FOUND THE REST OF LISANGA'S
GROUP.
231
00:24:07,846 --> 00:24:13,785
>> Uwingeli: LET'S FOLLOW THEM.
>> Stahl: UWINGELI TOLD US THE
DOMINANT SILVERBACK WAS HEADING
HIGHER UP THE MOUNTAIN, SO THE
232
00:24:13,852 --> 00:24:24,029
WHOLE GROUP WAS FOLLOWING.
AND SO WERE WE.
IN A SIGN OF THE POPULATION'S
HEALTH, THIS GROUP HAS FIVE
233
00:24:24,095 --> 00:24:28,066
INFANTS, AND SEVERAL JUVENILES.
OH, MY GOODNESS, THEY'RE--
>> Stoinski: YEAH, THEY'RE
HAVING A BALL.
234
00:24:28,133 --> 00:24:32,170
>> Stahl: THAT'S SERIOUS.
>> Stoinski: THEY'RE HAVING A
BALL.
>> Stahl: SHE TOLD US THEY PLAY
235
00:24:32,237 --> 00:24:43,849
FOR FUN-- AND TO PRACTICE
FIGHTING.
OR PERHAPS, JUST TO SHOW US
WHO'S BOSS.
236
00:24:46,918 --> 00:24:54,159
NEAR US IN THE FOREST, IT
SOUNDED LIKE A SILVERBACK PHOTO
SHOOT WAS GOING ON.
BUT FOSSEY FUND RESEARCH
237
00:24:54,226 --> 00:25:03,969
ASSISTANT NADIA NIYONIZEYE
WASN'T SNAPPING ORDINARY
PICTURES.
SHE WAS USING A TECHNIQUE CALLED
238
00:25:04,035 --> 00:25:11,209
PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO GET BETTER
MEASUREMENTS OF GORILLA SIZE.
>> Nadia Niyonizeye: THERE ARE
FOUR CENTIMETER IN BETWEEN EACH.
239
00:25:11,276 --> 00:25:18,617
>> Stahl: BY BEAMING LASERS ONTO
THE GORILLA'S BODY AND HEAD,
WHICH IT DOESN'T FEEL.
>> Stahl: OH, I SEE IT.
240
00:25:18,683 --> 00:25:24,322
BACK AT THE OFFICE, SHE USES THE
DOTS TO MAKE PRECISE
CALCULATIONS OF THEIR SIZE.
SCIENCE REMAINS THE HEART OF THE
241
00:25:24,389 --> 00:25:31,763
FOSSEY FUND'S MISSION.
THEY HAVE THE LARGEST COLLECTION
ANYWHERE OF GORILLA SKELETONS,
WHERE SCIENTISTS FROM AROUND THE
242
00:25:31,830 --> 00:25:37,435
WORLD COME TO DO RESEARCH.
>> Stoinski: JUST SORT OF TAKING
PIECES OUT AND PULLING IT LIKE
THAT.
243
00:25:37,502 --> 00:25:42,707
>> Stahl: AND A GORILLA POOP
LAB.
YOU GATHER THEIR POOP?
>> Stoinski: IT'S LIKE A
244
00:25:42,774 --> 00:25:46,878
TREASURE TROVE OF INFORMATION
FOR US.
>> Stahl: TO STUDY STRESS
HORMONES AND DO D.N.A. AND
245
00:25:46,945 --> 00:25:54,519
PATERNITY TESTING.
BUT STOINSKI SAYS THEY'RE
RUNNING OUT OF SPACE, SO THEY'RE
CONSTRUCTING A NEW, MULTI-
246
00:25:54,586 --> 00:26:01,960
BUILDING GREEN CAMPUS WITH
INITIAL FUNDING FROM ELLEN
DEGENERES.
SET TO OPEN NEXT YEAR, IT'LL
247
00:26:02,027 --> 00:26:11,503
CELEBRATE THE PROGRESS MADE IN
SAVING MOUNTAIN GORILLAS-- WITH
PLENTY OF SPACE FOR RESEARCHERS,
EXHIBITS FOR TOURISTS AND PEOPLE
248
00:26:11,569 --> 00:26:16,541
FROM LOCAL COMMUNITIES-- AND
VIEWS OF THE VOLCANOES.
AND YOU CAN SEE THE MIST.
>> Stoinski: IT REALLY ROLLS IN.
249
00:26:16,608 --> 00:26:24,049
>> Stahl: THE BUILDING PROCESS
ITSELF REINFORCES THE FUND'S
MOTTO: "HELPING PEOPLE SAVING
GORILLAS."
250
00:26:24,115 --> 00:26:32,524
IT'S EMPLOYING MORE THAN 1,500
LOCAL WORKERS, MORE THAN 20% OF
THEM WOMEN.
ONE EXHIBIT ON DISPLAY HERE WILL
251
00:26:32,590 --> 00:26:36,294
TEACH VISITORS TO SPEAK LIKE A
GORILLA.
>> Stoinski: WE CAN PLAY IT.
>> WELCOME TO GORILLA CHAT.
252
00:26:36,361 --> 00:26:42,467
>> Stoinski: YOU CAN HEAR.
>> WE'RE HAPPY THAT YOU WANT TO
LEARN TO SPEAK LIKE A GORILLA.
>> Stahl: IT PLAYS GORILLA
253
00:26:42,534 --> 00:26:48,606
VOCALIZATIONS SOMEWHAT
COMPARABLE TO HUMAN ONES.
( GORILLA LAUGHING SOUND )
>> Stahl: YES, GORILLAS LAUGH.
254
00:26:48,673 --> 00:26:55,480
>> Stoinski: ISN'T THAT GREAT?
SO, THE IDEA IS THAT YOU HAVE TO
TRY AND MIMIC IT.
>> Stahl: THAT'S IMPOSSIBLE.
255
00:26:55,547 --> 00:26:59,551
SHE GAVE ME ONE SHE SAID WAS
SIMPLE.
( GORILLA NOISE )
>> Stoinski: SO, THIS IS THE PIG
256
00:26:59,617 --> 00:27:02,954
GRUNT.
>> Stahl: WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
>> Stoinski: IT'S KIND OF LIKE A
MILD WARNING.
257
00:27:03,021 --> 00:27:06,524
THE SORT OF HUMAN VERSION IS,
"UNH-UNH-UNH."
>> Stahl: YOU'RE ON THIN ICE.
>> Stoinski: YOU WANT TO TRY IT
258
00:27:06,591 --> 00:27:10,362
WITH ME RECORDING AND SEE?
>> Stahl: YEAH.
>> Stoinski: OKAY.
( BEEPS )
259
00:27:10,428 --> 00:27:19,204
>> Stahl: ( GRUNTS )
( LAUGHTER )
"TRY AGAIN--"
>> Stoinski: AGAIN.
260
00:27:19,270 --> 00:27:22,173
( LAUGHS )
>> Stahl: I DID SUCH A BAD JOB.
>> Stoinski: IT'S HARD.
>> Stahl: SO FUN.
261
00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:28,046
>> Stoinski: WON'T IT BE FUN,
THOUGH?
>> Stahl: STOINSKI WANTS SCHOOL
KIDS TO COME, AND BE INSPIRED TO
262
00:27:28,113 --> 00:27:34,819
SOLVE THE NEXT SET OF PROBLEMS--
INCREASING NUMBERS OF GORILLAS
INHABITING A FIXED AMOUNT OF
SPACE.
263
00:27:34,886 --> 00:27:40,425
>> Stoinski: AS THE POPULATION
HAS INCREASED, BUT THE HABITAT
HASN'T, IT IS PUTTING MORE
PRESSURE ON THE GORILLAS.
264
00:27:40,492 --> 00:27:46,931
AND SO THE GOVERNMENT IS LOOKING
TO TRY AND EXPAND THE PARK SO
THAT THERE WILL BE MORE SPACE SO
THAT POPULATION CAN CONTINUE TO
265
00:27:46,998 --> 00:27:55,774
GROW.
>> Stahl: THERE ARE PLANS TO
EXPAND THE PARK BY 23%, AND
RELOCATE COMMUNITIES TO WHAT THE
266
00:27:55,840 --> 00:28:01,780
GOVERNMENT CALLS MODEL VILLAGES
LIKE THIS ONE, WITH ELECTRICITY
AND BRAND-NEW SCHOOLS, TRYING TO
MAKE PARK EXPANSION ANOTHER WIN-
267
00:28:01,846 --> 00:28:08,453
WIN FOR GORILLAS AND THEIR HUMAN
NEIGHBORS.
IT'S A SUCCESS STORY.
>> Stoinski: IT IS A SUCCESS
268
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:13,858
STORY, DEFINITELY, BUT WE SAY
IT'S A FRAGILE SUCCESS BECAUSE
THERE ARE SO FEW OF THEM LEFT
AND THERE ARE STILL SO MANY
269
00:28:13,925 --> 00:28:21,766
THREATS.
>> Stahl: BUT FOR NOW, THE NEWS
IS GOOD.
SO FAR THIS YEAR, 24 NEW BABY
270
00:28:21,833 --> 00:28:27,338
GORILLAS HAVE BEEN BORN HERE.
>> Uwingeli: WOW, I MEAN, YOU
CAN'T HAVE ENOUGH OF TELLING
THOSE STORIES OF GORILLAS-- WHEN
271
00:28:27,405 --> 00:28:34,412
YOU LOOK AT THE MOMS CARRYING
THE BABIES--
>> Stahl: DO YOU KNOW THAT WHEN
YOU TALK ABOUT GORILLAS, YOUR
272
00:28:34,479 --> 00:28:40,051
FACE COMPLETELY LIGHTS UP?
>> Uwingeli: I KNOW ABOUT IT,
BUT MUCH OF THE SMILE COMES FROM
WHAT THEY'RE HELPING US TO
273
00:28:40,118 --> 00:28:47,392
ACHIEVE.
THAT'S REALLY THE BEST WAY WE
CAN SERVE THE NEXT GENERATION OF
KIDS, GORILLAS.
274
00:28:47,459 --> 00:28:52,130
>> Stahl: OH, MY GOODNESS!
>> Uwingeli: ...AND-- AND-- AND
PEOPLE.
( TICKING )
275
00:29:00,805 --> 00:29:08,480
( TICKING )
>> Bill Whitaker: RITA MORENO IS
BEST KNOWN AS ANITA IN THE MOVIE
"WEST SIDE STORY."
276
00:29:08,546 --> 00:29:14,819
THE 1961 MUSICAL BROKE BOX
OFFICE RECORDS AND WON TEN
OSCARS, INCLUDING BEST PICTURE
AND FOR MORENO, BEST SUPPORTING
277
00:29:14,886 --> 00:29:24,729
ACTRESS.
NOT TOO SHABBY FOR A KID FROM
PUERTO RICO WHO ARRIVED IN NEW
YORK WITH NOTHING.
278
00:29:24,796 --> 00:29:32,770
SHE SAYS HER SHOWBIZ LONGEVITY
IS SPRINKLED WITH SERENDIPITY
BUT WE WARN YOU, BENEATH THE
GOLD PLATE OF HER OSCAR THERE IS
279
00:29:32,837 --> 00:29:40,512
A DARK HOLLYWOOD TALE OF PAIN
AND BETRAYAL, REINVENTION AND
RESILIENCE.
SHE'S ONLY THE THIRD ACTOR TO
280
00:29:40,578 --> 00:29:48,720
"EGOT," WINNING THE EMMY,
GRAMMY, OSCAR AND TONY.
AND AS MORENO APPROACHES 90 WITH
A NEW "WEST SIDE STORY" COMING
281
00:29:48,786 --> 00:29:55,226
OUT, WE FOUND AN ARTIST WHO IS
WITTY AND CANDID.
READY IF YOU ARE?
>> Rita Moreno: YESSS.
282
00:29:55,293 --> 00:30:00,999
YOU WANT ME TO SLATE MYSELF?
>> Whitaker: YES, PLEASE
>> Moreno: RIGHT.
RITA MORENO WITH ONE OF THE
283
00:30:01,065 --> 00:30:06,437
WORLD'S HANDSOMEST MEN OF COLOR.
EVER.
>> Whitaker: OKAY, INTERVIEW
OVER.
284
00:30:06,504 --> 00:30:12,544
>> Moreno: WE'RE DONE.
>> Whitaker: CAN'T DO ANY BETTER
THAN THAT.
OKAY, I JUST WANT TO ASK YOU
285
00:30:12,610 --> 00:30:18,216
ABOUT THE OBVIOUS, ALL OF YOUR
HONORS AND AWARDS.
>> Moreno: AIN'T IT GRAND?
THERE'S REALLY A LOT OF STUFF
286
00:30:18,283 --> 00:30:23,488
HERE.
>> Whitaker: BECAUSE YOU'VE DONE
A LOT OF STUFF.
>> Moreno: EVERY ONE OF THEM
287
00:30:23,555 --> 00:30:29,027
SURPRISE THE LIVING DAYLIGHTS
OUT OF ME.
BUT IT'S NOT ABOUT THE AWARDS.
DON'T LET THAT SOUND LIKE I'M
288
00:30:29,093 --> 00:30:36,734
BEING MODEST.
I AM NOT MODEST.
I KNOW WHAT I HAVE EARNED.
I'M UP TO MY ASS IN SOME PRETTY
289
00:30:36,801 --> 00:30:44,475
SPECTACULAR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT A CAREER IS.
A CAREER IS WORKING.
♪ ♪ ♪
290
00:30:44,542 --> 00:30:52,717
♪ ♪ ♪
>> Whittaker: AND RITA MORENO
WILL BE THE FIRST TO SAY NONE OF
IT CAME EASY.
291
00:30:52,784 --> 00:31:00,725
WHAT FUELED THAT FLAWLESS SWIRL
OF VIOLET AS ANITA IN "WEST SIDE
STORY" WAS SHEER WILLPOWER.
>> Moreno: I NEVER STOPPED
292
00:31:00,792 --> 00:31:07,599
REHEARSING.
IN FACT, SOMEBODY TOLD ME
RECENTLY THAT THEY WERE A DANCE
EXTRA ON THE MAMBO AT THE GYM
293
00:31:07,665 --> 00:31:12,737
SCENE.
AND ONE OF THE GIRLS TURNED TO
HER WHEN WE HAD TEN MINUTES OFF,
AND SHE SAYS, "LOOK AT RITA
294
00:31:12,804 --> 00:31:20,044
MORENO.
SHE'S STILL REHEARSING."
SHE SAYS, "THAT'S WHAT YOU HAVE
TO DO TO BECOME A STAR."
295
00:31:20,111 --> 00:31:28,720
>> Whitaker: BUT WHAT IS IT
ABOUT YOU TO HAVE ACHIEVED THIS?
>> Moreno: I THINK THAT
PERSEVERANCE IS MY MIDDLE NAME.
296
00:31:28,786 --> 00:31:36,728
IT'S JUST SOMETHING-- TRULY,
THAT I THINK I INHERITED FROM MY
MOM.
>> Whitaker: IN 1936, MORENO'S
297
00:31:36,794 --> 00:31:43,101
MOTHER, ROSA MARIA, AND WIDE-
EYED FIVE-YEAR-OLD ROSITA, FLED
POVERTY IN PUERTO RICO TO START
A NEW LIFE IN NEW YORK.
298
00:31:43,167 --> 00:31:49,007
THEY LANDED IN THE BRONX.
>> Moreno: OR AS WE STILL CALL
IT "THE BRONG."
>> Whitaker: HERE SHE FIRST
299
00:31:49,073 --> 00:31:56,681
ENCOUNTERED THE STING OF RACISM.
>> Moreno: I WAS BEING CALLED
WORDS LIKE, "SPIC."
THE TROUBLE WITH THAT IS THAT
300
00:31:56,748 --> 00:32:01,052
YOU GROW UP BELIEVING THAT YOU
DON'T HAVE ANY VALUE.
>> Whitaker: YOU GREW UP
THINKING YOU DIDN'T HAVE VALUE?
301
00:32:01,119 --> 00:32:07,692
>> Moreno: OH, I GREW UP FILLED
WITH SELF-LOATHING BECAUSE I WAS
A PUERTO RICAN.
WHEN YOU'RE LITTLE, YOU'RE TOLD
302
00:32:07,759 --> 00:32:16,167
YOU'RE NOT WORTH ANYTHING, YOU
BELIEVE IT.
>> Whitaker: SHE FOUND SANCTUARY
AND HER PASSION IN A SPANISH
303
00:32:16,234 --> 00:32:23,341
DANCE STUDIO, AND BY 17,
MORENO'S DRAMATIC LOOKS AND
FLAIR CAUGHT THE EYE OF A TALENT
SCOUT, WHO GOT HER A MEETING
304
00:32:23,408 --> 00:32:28,846
WITH NONE OTHER THAN MGM'S
STUDIO CHIEF, LOUIS B. MAYER.
>> Moreno: AND HE SAID, "YOUNG
LADY, HOW WOULD YOU LIKE OTHER
305
00:32:28,913 --> 00:32:35,253
BE UNDER CONTRACT TO MGM
STUDIOS?"
>> Whitaker: JUST LIKE THAT?
>> Moreno: JUST LIKE THAT.
306
00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:40,725
>> Whitaker: WITHOUT SO MUCH AS
A SCREEN TEST, IN 1950, RITA
MORENO FOUND HERSELF MAKING
MOVIES IN HOLLYWOOD.
307
00:32:40,792 --> 00:32:46,597
>> Moreno: I WENT TO THE
COMMISSARY FOR THE VERY FIRST
TIME, AND THAT VERY DAY, IN
WALKS ELIZABETH TAYLOR AND LANA
308
00:32:46,664 --> 00:32:50,568
TURNER.
I THOUGHT I WOULD HAVE A HEART
ATTACK.
>> Whitaker: YOU, LITTLE ROSITA,
309
00:32:50,635 --> 00:32:56,841
HAD ARRIVED.
>> Moreno: AND I REALLY FELT
LIKE ONE OF THEM.
>> Whitaker: BUT WITH THE
310
00:32:56,908 --> 00:33:06,517
HOLLYWOOD GLAMOUR CAME STUDIO
OBLIGATIONS: PUBLICITY DATES FOR
PAPARAZZI AND SWANK PARTIES
WHERE THE TEENAGED STARLET FOUND
311
00:33:06,584 --> 00:33:12,724
HERSELF FIGHTING OFF INSISTENT
SEXUAL HARASSMENT FROM POWERFUL
MEN.
>> Moreno: IT WRENCHES MY HEART,
312
00:33:12,790 --> 00:33:16,728
MOSTLY THAT I DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO
HANDLE THAT KIND OF THING.
>> Whitaker: WHY WOULD YOU BE
EXPECTED TO?
313
00:33:16,794 --> 00:33:22,500
I MEAN THAT'S--
>> Moreno: WELL, IT WAS VERY
COMMON.
THE CASTING COUCH THERE WERE A
314
00:33:22,567 --> 00:33:28,740
MILLION JOKES ABOUT THAT.
>> Whitaker: BUT RITA MORENO
KNEW IT WAS NOTHING TO LAUGH
ABOUT.
315
00:33:28,806 --> 00:33:36,948
>> Moreno: I WAS RAPED BY MY
AGENT WHEN I WAS-- I WAS EITHER
16 OR 17.
I WAS SITTING ON THE COUCH NEXT
316
00:33:37,014 --> 00:33:47,592
TO HIM AND HE SAID, "SUCH A
PRETTY GIRL," AND HE PUT HIS
HAND ON MY CHEEK.
AND MOUNTED ME.
317
00:33:47,658 --> 00:33:56,334
I STRUGGLED, BUT HE DID IT ALL.
>> Whitaker: SHE TOLD US SHE WAS
THE FAMILY'S BREADWINNER AND HAD
TO KEEP WORKING, SO THE INSECURE
318
00:33:56,401 --> 00:34:02,473
RITA MORENO FELT SHE HAD NO
CHOICE BUT TO KEEP HER AGENT.
>> Whitaker: IS THIS THE SOURCE
OF THE INSECURITY?
319
00:34:02,540 --> 00:34:12,717
>> Moreno: OH, IS THIS AT THE
BOTTOM OF ALL THE INSECURITY?
NO QUESTION.
>> Whitaker: WHY ARE YOU
320
00:34:12,784 --> 00:34:19,791
COMFORTABLE SPEAKING OUT?
>> Moreno: I WANT WOMEN TO KNOW
THAT ALL THE AWARDS IN THE
WORLD, WILL NEVER MAKE UP FOR
321
00:34:19,857 --> 00:34:28,733
THE THINGS I HAVE EXPERIENCED IN
MY LIFE.
THE BE-ALL AND END-ALL IS
RESPECT AND SELF-RESPECT WHICH
322
00:34:28,800 --> 00:34:35,840
TOOK ME A LONG TIME TO EARN.
>> Whitaker: HOLLYWOOD CAN BE
HARD ON WOMEN, BUT FOR A WOMAN
OF COLOR IN THE 1950S, IT COULD
323
00:34:35,907 --> 00:34:44,282
BE CORROSIVE.
♪ I'M RIGHT HERE ♪
>> Whitaker: MORENO GOT ROLES AS
NATIVE GIRLS IN B-MUSICALS,
324
00:34:44,348 --> 00:34:50,154
CAKED IN BROWN MAKEUP, ALL WITH
A VAGUELY SPANISH ACCENT.
♪ THAT IS TRUE ♪
>> Moreno: DUSKY MAIDENS.
325
00:34:50,221 --> 00:34:56,461
>> Whitaker: THOSE WERE THE
TYPES OF ROLES YOU WERE GETTING?
>> Moreno: WITH THE ACCENT.
IT HURTS ME TO WATCH ME DOING
326
00:34:56,527 --> 00:35:01,833
STUFF THAT IS HUMILIATING.
>> Whitaker: YOU WERE WORKING
BECAUSE OF THESE ROLES.
>> Moreno: I ACCEPTED A LOT OF
327
00:35:01,899 --> 00:35:07,972
THOSE, BECAUSE THERE WAS NOTHING
ELSE.
AND I TOOK THEM WITH A LOT OF
SHAME.
328
00:35:08,039 --> 00:35:12,810
>> WHAT DID I TELL YOU, LENA?
>> Whitaker: BUT SHE TAKES GREAT
PRIDE IN THREE SCENES IN AN MGM
BLOCKBUSTER.
329
00:35:12,877 --> 00:35:20,585
>> Moreno: "SINGIN' IN THE RAIN"
WHERE I HAD A VERY TINY PART.
( CHEERS )
>> Whitaker: SHE PLAYED FAMOUS
330
00:35:20,651 --> 00:35:28,726
FLAPPER, ZELDA ZANDERS, FINALLY
ABLE TO STRUT HER STUFF AND SHOW
HER TRUE FACE.
>> Moreno: IT WAS WONDERFUL
331
00:35:28,793 --> 00:35:34,665
BECAUSE I DIDN'T NEED TO PUT ON
THAT MUDDY BROWN MAKEUP.
I DIDN'T HAVE TO SPEAK WITH AN
ACCENT.
332
00:35:34,732 --> 00:35:39,904
AND I THOUGHT, "THAT'S GOING TO
CHANGE EVERYTHING."
>> Whitaker: INSTEAD, SHE WAS
DROPPED BY MGM.
333
00:35:39,971 --> 00:35:46,844
SHE FOUND WORK WITH OTHER
STUDIOS.
AND THAT SMOLDERING PASSION TO
PERFORM LANDED HER, LIKE A
334
00:35:46,911 --> 00:35:55,419
BOMBSHELL, ON THE COVER OF "LIFE
MAGAZINE" IN 1954.
THAT PICTURE WON HER A NEW
STUDIO CONTRACT AND THE
335
00:35:55,486 --> 00:36:00,157
ATTENTION OF ONE OF THE GREATEST
ACTORS OF AN ERA.
>> Moreno: MARLON BRANDO.
MARLON TOOK ONE LOOK AND HE JUST
336
00:36:00,224 --> 00:36:04,729
FELL.
>> Whitaker: HE FELL?
>> Moreno: FOR ME.
>> Whitaker: YEAH.
337
00:36:04,795 --> 00:36:11,669
>> Moreno: I HAD A FOX CONTRACT.
I MET THE LOVE OF MY LIFE.
ALL WAS GOOD.
WHAT COULD BE BAD?
338
00:36:11,736 --> 00:36:16,841
>> Whitaker: MARLON BRANDO TAKES
UP THREE CHAPTERS OF MORENO'S
MEMOIR AND EIGHT YEARS OF HER
LIFE.
339
00:36:16,908 --> 00:36:24,715
THEIR STORMY RELATIONSHIP NEARLY
KILLED HER.
BRANDO WAS MARRIED WHEN MORENO
BECAME PREGNANT WITH HIS CHILD.
340
00:36:24,782 --> 00:36:30,454
SHE SAYS HE PRESSURED HER TO
HAVE AN ABORTION.
AFTERWARD, SHE ATTEMPTED
SUICIDE.
341
00:36:30,521 --> 00:36:36,027
WHY DID YOU TRY TO TAKE YOUR
LIFE?
>> Moreno: WHAT I WAS REALLY
TRYING TO DO WAS KILL THAT BAD
342
00:36:36,093 --> 00:36:42,133
SIDE OF ME THAT KEPT GOING BACK
TO HIM.
THAT BAD WOMAN WHO DIDN'T
RESPECT ME, WHO WAS ME, ANOTHER
343
00:36:42,199 --> 00:36:48,739
SIDE OF ME.
>> Whitaker: WELL, THANK GOD YOU
FAILED.
>> Moreno: YOU'RE NOT KIDDING.
344
00:36:48,806 --> 00:36:55,246
>> Whitaker: SIX MONTHS LATER,
IN THE FALL OF 1961, PEOPLE
AROUND THE WORLD GOT TO SEE HER
PLAYING ANITA IN ONE OF THE
345
00:36:55,313 --> 00:36:59,750
GREATEST MUSICAL FILMS OF ALL
TIME.
>> Moreno: I WANTED THAT PART SO
BADLY.
346
00:36:59,817 --> 00:37:03,254
>> Whitaker: WHY?
WHAT WAS IT ABOUT ANITA THAT
MADE YOU WANT IT SO MUCH?
>> Moreno: OH!
347
00:37:03,321 --> 00:37:11,195
IT WAS THE PART FOR A HISPANIC
GIRL.
♪ ♪ ♪
♪ PUERTO RICO MY HEART'S
348
00:37:11,262 --> 00:37:18,502
DEVOTION ♪
>> Moreno: ANITA, THE ONE WHO
HAD A SENSE OF HERSELF.
A SENSE OF DIGNITY.
349
00:37:18,569 --> 00:37:24,709
AND I HAD TO PORTRAY THAT.
AND IT FELT REALLY GOOD.
>> Whitaker: WELL, YOU TALK
ABOUT YOURSELF LIKE YOU'RE THIS
350
00:37:24,775 --> 00:37:30,214
BUNDLE OF INSECURITIES AND
EVERYTHING, BUT WHAT YOU PUT ON
THAT SCREEN, WAS ANYTHING BUT.
>> Moreno: I COULD PRETEND I HAD
351
00:37:30,281 --> 00:37:38,456
SELF-RESPECT.
I'M AN ACTRESS.
♪ ♪ ♪
♪ ♪ ♪
352
00:37:38,522 --> 00:37:48,566
HER PERFORMANCE WAS ELECTRIFYING
AND, SHE SAYS, ONE OF THE
HARDEST THINGS SHE'S EVER DONE.
>> Moreno: I HADN'T DANCED IN
353
00:37:48,633 --> 00:37:53,170
YEARS.
AND I DIDN'T DANCE THOSE KIND OF
DANCES.
THAT'S CALLED JAZZ.
354
00:37:53,237 --> 00:37:59,877
I NEVER WAS THAT-- I WAS A
SPANISH DANCER.
CASTANETS.
SO, WHEN I WENT INTO WEST SIDE
355
00:37:59,944 --> 00:38:06,817
STORY, I HAD MY WORK CUT OUT FOR
ME.
>> Whitaker: HER MOST POWERFUL
SCENE REQUIRED HER TO DIG DOWN
356
00:38:06,884 --> 00:38:12,857
INTO FEELINGS SHE'D LONG TRIED
TO BURY.
>> Moreno: WHEN WE DID THE RAPE
SCENE DURING REHEARSALS WHEN
357
00:38:12,923 --> 00:38:21,032
THEY WERE MAULING ME AND ALL
THAT, THE BOYS.
I PUSHED THEM AWAY, AND STARTED
TO CRY, AND I COULD NOT STOP.
358
00:38:21,098 --> 00:38:28,739
ALL OF THOSE SCARS THAT I
THOUGHT WERE HEALED JUST OPENED
UP.
>> Moreno: I WAS LIKE A WOUNDED
359
00:38:28,806 --> 00:38:33,944
ANIMAL WHEN I DID IT AGAIN.
>> Whitaker: IS THAT ON THE
SCREEN?
>> Moreno: AND THAT IS-- YES
360
00:38:34,011 --> 00:38:40,851
WHEN SHE SAYS, "DON'T YOU TOUCH
ME."
>> DON'T YOU TOUCH ME!
>> Moreno: AND I THOUGHT, "HOW
361
00:38:40,918 --> 00:38:47,491
WOULD MARLON SAY THAT AS AN
ACTOR?"
AND IT WAS THROUGH MY TEETH
"DON'T YOU TOUCH ME."
362
00:38:47,558 --> 00:38:54,565
THAT IS THE SCENE THAT I KNOW
GOT ME THE OSCAR.
>> RITA MORENO IN "WEST SIDE
STORY."
363
00:38:54,632 --> 00:39:02,473
>> Whitaker: IN 1962, MORENO
BECAME THE FIRST LATINA TO WIN
AN ACADEMY AWARD FOR ACTING.
>> Moreno: I CAN'T BELIEVE IT.
364
00:39:02,540 --> 00:39:08,479
>> Whitaker: SO, YOUR PHONE MUST
HAVE BEEN RINGING OFF THE HOOK
AFTER THAT-
>> Moreno: NO, THE PHONE WASN'T
365
00:39:08,546 --> 00:39:12,983
RINGING OFF THE HOOK.
AFTER "WEST SIDE STORY" I
COULDN'T GET A JOB EXCEPT IN
GANG MOVIES, LESSER ONES.
366
00:39:13,050 --> 00:39:16,721
>> Whitaker: YOUR CAREER DID NOT
JUST TAKE OFF?
>> Moreno: HARDLY.
>> Whitaker: SO YOU TOOK OFF.
367
00:39:16,787 --> 00:39:24,662
>> Moreno: YEAH.
>> Whitaker: SHE MOVED TO NEW
YORK AND FOUND NEW LOVE AND NEW
ROLES ON BROADWAY.
368
00:39:24,729 --> 00:39:31,969
SHE MARRIED A CARDIOLOGIST, THE
LATE LENNY GORDEN, AND THEY HAD
A DAUGHTER, FERNANDA.
IT WAS HERE IN THE '70s
369
00:39:32,036 --> 00:39:38,476
ALONGSIDE MORGAN FREEMAN, THAT
MORENO WON HER FIRST GRAMMY WITH
THE TV SHOW, "THE ELECTRIC
COMPANY," THEN A TONY FOR HER
370
00:39:38,542 --> 00:39:47,051
OUTRAGEOUS BROADWAY CREATION,
GOOGIE GOMEZ.
AND WITH THE HELP OF A GREEN
FROG, AN EMMY ROUNDED OUT THE
371
00:39:47,118 --> 00:39:52,623
EGOT.
IF ALL THE PUPPETS AND SLAPSTICK
GIVE THE IMPRESSION MORENO HAD
GONE TO THE LIGHT SIDE, LOOK
372
00:39:52,690 --> 00:39:58,996
AGAIN.
IN THE GRITTY, HBO DRAMA, "OZ,"
IN THE 1990'S, SHE PLAYED PRISON
PSYCHOLOGIST, SISTER PETER
373
00:39:59,063 --> 00:40:02,266
MARIE.
>> Whitaker: A DIFFERENT KIND OF
NUN.
>> Moreno: DIFFERENT KIND OF
374
00:40:02,333 --> 00:40:06,103
NUN.
>> STOP IT!
STOP IT.
STOP IT!
375
00:40:06,170 --> 00:40:12,710
>> Moreno: IT WAS THE SALVATION
OF ME AS AN ACTRESS, NOT A
CAREER.
>> Whitaker: SINCE "OZ," MORENO
376
00:40:12,777 --> 00:40:20,451
HAS KEPT WORKING STRAIGHT INTO
THE 21st CENTURY: MOVIES, TV, A
SITCOM WITH LEGENDARY PRODUCER,
NORMAN LEAR.
377
00:40:20,518 --> 00:40:28,726
SHE'S BEEN WORKING NON-STOP FOR
75 YEARS.
AND NOW THIS.
♪ ♪ ♪
378
00:40:28,793 --> 00:40:35,499
♪ ♪ ♪
IN STEVEN SPIELBERG'S VERSION OF
"WEST SIDE STORY," MORENO PLAYS
VALENTINA, THE WIDOW OF DOC, WHO
379
00:40:35,566 --> 00:40:40,838
OWNED THE CANDY STORE IN THE
ORIGINAL.
SHE'S ALSO AN EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
OF THE FILM BEING RELEASED
380
00:40:40,905 --> 00:40:44,809
DECEMBER 10.
>> TAKE 12.
( CLAP )
>> Steven Spielberg: SHE'S PART
381
00:40:44,875 --> 00:40:50,447
OF THE ENSEMBLE.
>> Whitaker: WE TALKED WITH
STEVEN SPIELBERG REMOTELY.
>> Spielberg: I WANTED HER TO
382
00:40:50,514 --> 00:40:59,990
REALLY, YOU KNOW, BRIDGE THE
LEGACY OF "WEST SIDE STORY" AND
TO INSPIRE OUR YOUNG CAST.
>> Whitaker: AND UNLIKE THE
383
00:41:00,057 --> 00:41:06,330
FIRST MOVIE, SPIELBERG SET A
MANDATE THAT ALL PUERTO RICAN
CHARACTERS BE PLAYED BY HISPANIC
ACTORS.
384
00:41:06,397 --> 00:41:12,069
>> Moreno: I THINK HOLLYWOOD HAS
CHANGED.
I THINK THERE ARE STILL THINGS
YET TO BE ADDRESSED.
385
00:41:12,136 --> 00:41:18,175
THE REPRESENTATION THAT
HISPANICS GET IS ALMOST NIL.
THERE ARE SO MANY TALENTED
PEOPLE AMONG HISPANICS.
386
00:41:18,242 --> 00:41:24,715
JENNIFER LOPEZ CAN'T BE THE ONLY
ONE.
>> Whitaker: THAT'S WHY MORENO
WAS THRILLED TO BE PART OF THIS
387
00:41:24,782 --> 00:41:32,556
"WEST SIDE STORY."
>> Whitaker: SHE SINGS?
>> Spielberg: SHE SINGS AND SHE
ACTS AND EVEN THOUGH SHE DOESN'T
388
00:41:32,623 --> 00:41:40,731
HAVE A DANCE NUMBER, I HAVE HOME
MOVIES OF RITA DANCING WITH ALL
THE SHARKS AND THE JETS.
SHE HAS NOT LOST HER MOJO AS A
389
00:41:40,798 --> 00:41:47,771
DANCER, AT ALL.
>> Whitaker: RITA MORENO, WHO IS
ABOUT TO TURN 90, HASN'T LOST A
STEP.
390
00:41:47,838 --> 00:41:56,480
SHE ADMITS SHE HAS STUMBLED
ALONG THE WAY, BUT SHE HAS
REFUSED TO STAY DOWN.
>> Moreno: I THINK SOME PEOPLE
391
00:41:56,547 --> 00:42:04,722
WOULD SAY I WAS TOUGH.
I THINK IT'S RESILIENCE, BECAUSE
IF I'M TOUGH, THERE'S A PART OF
ME THEN THAT'S BECOME HARD.
392
00:42:04,788 --> 00:42:08,659
IT'S SIMPLY NOT IN MY NATURE.
>> Whitaker: BUT RESILIENT?
>> Moreno: RESILIENT IS WHAT I
AM.
393
00:42:08,726 --> 00:42:12,796
I'M A REAL BOUNCER-BACKER.
♪ ♪ ♪
( TICKING )
394
00:42:16,800 --> 00:42:28,212
>> WHY RITA MORENO THOUGHT THE
ORIGINAL "WEST SIDE STORY" FILM
WOULD BE A FLOP...
>> Moreno: BOY, WAS I WRONG!
395
00:42:30,614 --> 00:42:36,520
>> Stahl: NEXT SUNDAY ON
"60 MINUTES," A LOOK INSIDE THE
WORLD OF HIGH FASHION.
SHARYN ALFONSI HEADS TO ROME TO
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00:42:36,587 --> 00:42:44,528
MEET ALESSANDRO MICHELE, THE
DESIGNER BEHIND THE "BEAUTIFUL
STRANGENESS" THAT HAS BECOME THE
GUCCI BRAND.
397
00:42:44,595 --> 00:42:48,332
>> Alfonsi: SOME OF THE CLOTHES
REALLY SCREAM, RIGHT?
( LAUGHS )
>> Alessandro Michele:
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00:42:48,399 --> 00:42:52,503
SOMETIMES.
>> Alfonsi: I DON'T FEEL LIKE
YOU COULD BE A SHY PERSON AND
PULL SOME OF THOSE LOOKS OFF.
399
00:42:52,569 --> 00:42:59,343
>> Michele: I THINK THAT FASHION
NEEDS TO LET TO THE PEOPLE HEAR
YOUR VOICE.
>> Stahl: I'M LESLEY STAHL.