1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:14,514 ♪ >> CBS SUPPORTS MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS MONTH. >>> WHERE DO AN ESTIMATED 11 2 00:00:14,581 --> 00:00:22,188 MILLION RUSSIANS GET STRAIGHT, OBJECTIVE NEWS IN FROM RADIO-FREE EUROPE. THE U.S. GOVERNMENT-FUNDED COLD 3 00:00:22,255 --> 00:00:31,464 WAR RELIC IS AS RELEVANT AS IT'S EVER BEEN. THERE ARE REPORTERS ON THE FRONT LINES AND IT'S RUN FROM PRAGUE 4 00:00:31,531 --> 00:00:42,709 AND EMPLOYS JOURNALISTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. >> DO ALL OF YOU EXPECT TO RETURN TO RUSSIA? 5 00:00:42,776 --> 00:00:49,682 >> NOT BEFORE PUTIN DIES, I THINK. >> JUST COME AND SIT AT A SUNSET BY THE LAKE IN THE CENTER OF 6 00:00:49,749 --> 00:01:02,328 THIS NATIONAL PARK. I MEAN, TIME STOPS. AND YOU GET A HUNDRED COLORS OF YELLOW AND A HUNDRED COLORS OF 7 00:01:02,395 --> 00:01:06,199 ORANGE AND THEN THE DUSK SETS IN. OH, THERE'S AN ELEPHANT RIGHT THERE. 8 00:01:06,266 --> 00:01:11,304 >> IS THERE? >> WELL, THERE CERTAINLY IS. I JUST HAVE TO STOP AND SAY HELLO TO THE ELEPHANT. 9 00:01:11,371 --> 00:01:17,677 ♪ ♪ >> HE'S PRODUCED FOR JOHNNY CASH, JAY-Z AND ADELE. 10 00:01:17,744 --> 00:01:22,315 HE CERTAINLY DOESN'T LOOK LIKE A RECORD EXECUTIVE. >> WE ARE HERE WITH THE LIVE ROOM. 11 00:01:22,382 --> 00:01:28,154 >> AND AS WE FOUND OUT, RICK RUBIN DOESN'T THINK LIKE ONE, EITHER. >> THE AUDIENCE COMES LAST. 12 00:01:28,221 --> 00:01:33,693 >> HOW CAN THAT BE? >> WELL, THE AUDIENCE DOESN'T KNOW WHAT THEY WANT. THE AUDIENCE ONLY KNOWS WHAT'S 13 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:39,232 COME BEFORE. >> ISN'T THE WHOLE MUSIC BUSINESS BUILT AROUND TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT SOMEBODY LIKES? 14 00:01:39,299 --> 00:01:44,070 >> MAYBE FOR SOMEONE ELSE IT IS, BUT IT'S NOT FOR ME. ♪ ♪ 15 00:01:44,137 --> 00:01:54,747 >> I'M LESLIE STAHL. >> I'M BILL WHITAKER. >> I'M ANDERSON COOPER. >> I'M CECILIA VEGA. 16 00:01:54,814 --> 00:02:08,094 >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. THOSE STO >>> AMERICANS FAMILIAR WITH RADIO-FREE EUROPE AND RADIO 17 00:02:08,161 --> 00:02:14,534 LIBERTY MIGHT CONSIDER THEMSELVES COLD WAR RELICS, VESTIGES TO A TIME OF BROADCASTING STRAIGHT NEWS 18 00:02:14,601 --> 00:02:21,708 BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN WAS CONSIDERED KEY TO PROMOTING DEMOCRACY, BUT AS WE FIRST REPORTED EARLIER THIS YEAR, WITH 19 00:02:21,774 --> 00:02:32,719 A NEW COLD WAR DESCENDING AND A HOT WAR BLAZING IN THE HEART OF EUROPE, RFERL AS IT'S ALSO KNOWN IS BACK ENVOGUE WITH A $20 20 00:02:32,785 --> 00:02:44,464 MILLION BOOST FROM CONGRESS THE U.S. TAXPAYER-FUNDED CONTENT IS MOSTLY VIDEO THESE DAYS INTEREST MANY OF THE SAME FORMER SOVIET 21 00:02:44,531 --> 00:03:09,255 REPUBLICS THEY TARGETED IN THE 1950s. [ SPEAKING NON-ENGLISH ] >> A UKRAINIAN WAR 22 00:03:09,322 --> 00:03:23,269 CORRESPONDENT, HE'S BEEN SLOGGING ALONGSIDE HIS COUNTRY'S TROOPS WITH HIS CAMERA EVER SINCE THE RUSSIANS INVADED. 23 00:03:23,336 --> 00:03:35,148 >> WE SPOKE WITH HIM IN NOVEMBER FROM A PRAGUE CONTROL ROOM ALONGSIDE HIS EDITOR, CUSHNIR WAS IN BAKHMUT UNDER SIEGE BY 24 00:03:35,214 --> 00:03:38,585 RUSSIAN TROOPS. >> Translator: I WILL SAY THIS IN UKRAINIAN. THIS IS THE PLACE WHERE THEY 25 00:03:38,651 --> 00:03:44,390 HELP UKRAINIAN SOLDIERS WHO COME HERE FROM THE FRONT LINE. THIS IS A FIELD HOSPITAL. THERE ARE ABOUT 100 WOUNDED IN 26 00:03:44,457 --> 00:03:49,629 HERE. >> YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT THE ROUTINE OF IT ALL, BUT DOES IT FEEL TO YOU THAT YOU ARE DAILY 27 00:03:49,696 --> 00:03:58,137 PUTTING YOURSELF IN HARM'S WAY? >> Translator: THIS IS THE WAR. I'M ALWAYS AT RISK. EVEN BEING RIGHT HERE IN THIS 28 00:03:58,204 --> 00:04:04,510 HOSPITAL I UNDERSTAND THAT NEXT TO IT SOME SHELLING IS HAPPENING RIGHT AT THIS MOMENT, BUT EVERYONE IN UKRAINE IS NOW IN 29 00:04:04,577 --> 00:04:12,719 DANGER. >> CUSHNIR'S HARROWING ACCOUNTS CAN BE SEEN IN MANY FORMATS, LIVE TELEVISION, YOUTUBE, 30 00:04:12,785 --> 00:04:22,829 TIKTOK, CONVEYING AS MUCH AS HE CAN THE REALITY OF HUMANITY'S ULTIMATE FOLLY. >> Translator: THE WAR FOR ME IS 31 00:04:22,895 --> 00:04:28,935 THE STENCH OF BLOOD, GUNPOWDER, SWEAT AND CONSTANT MUD, AND THERE IS NO ROMANCE ABOUT THE WAR. 32 00:04:29,002 --> 00:04:39,479 IT IS ABOUT FEAR, GRIEF AND TEARS. NO FOOTAGE, PHOTOS OR WORDS CAN EXPRESS WHAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT 33 00:04:39,545 --> 00:04:46,219 HERE ON THE BATTLEFIELD. >> WE'RE AN INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC BROADCASTER AND WE OPERATE IN COUNTRIES WHERE FREEDOM OF THE 34 00:04:46,285 --> 00:04:54,360 PRESS EITHER DOES NOT EXIST OR IS UNDER ASSAULT. >> JAMIE FLY, A FORMER ADVISER TO THE GEORGE W. BUSH 35 00:04:54,427 --> 00:05:02,468 ADMINISTRATION IS THE PRESIDENT AND CEO OF RADIO-FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY WHICH HAS BEEN BASED IN PRAGUE, A CAPITAL OF 36 00:05:02,535 --> 00:05:10,677 THE CZECH REPUBLIC, SINCE 1995. >> WE'RE FUNDED BY THE U.S. CONGRESS, BUT BY LAW WE ARE EDITORIALLY INDEPENDENT OF THE 37 00:05:10,743 --> 00:05:16,315 U.S. GOVERNMENT. >> TODAY IT'S NOT JUST RADIO. IT'S MOSTLY VIDEO, CORRECT? >> YEAH. 38 00:05:16,382 --> 00:05:23,322 SO WE CONSTANTLY ARE DEBATING WHEN TO CHANGE THE NAME AND THAT MAY COME IN THE YEARS AHEAD. >> SO IT'S MOSTLY SEEN ON THE 39 00:05:23,389 --> 00:05:31,864 INTERNET? >> IT VARIES DEPENDING ON WHAT MARKET WE'RE IN. IN IRAN WE'RE ON RADIO. 40 00:05:31,931 --> 00:05:36,803 PAKISTAN WE'RE AVAILABLE ON RADIO, BUT IN RUSSIA, BELARUS, UKRAINE, PEOPLE ARE ENGAGING WITH OUR CONTENT ON SOCIAL 41 00:05:36,869 --> 00:05:42,909 MEDIA. >> THIS MODERN NEWSROOM IS LIKE A JOURNALISTIC VERSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. 42 00:05:42,975 --> 00:05:57,156 [ SPEAKING NON-ENGLISH ] >> EACH SERVICE, RUSSIAN, UKRAINIAN, IRANIAN AND 19 OTHERS IS MADE UP OF EMIGREES AND 43 00:05:57,223 --> 00:06:07,233 EX-PATS FROM THOSE COUNTRIES. THEY HAVE THEIR OWN NEWSROOMS. >> YOU CAN READ THE JOURNALISTIC DOCUMENTS ONLINE ASK WE HAVE A 44 00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:13,539 RIGOROUS EDITORIAL PROCESS THAT DETERMINES WHAT WE COVER. I VISIT AS MANY OF OUR 20 BUREAUS AS POSSIBLE. 45 00:06:13,606 --> 00:06:21,280 >> RUSSIA'S MULTIBILLION-DOLLAR EFFORT TO PUSH DISINFORMATION ABROAD HAS GIVEN THE COLD WAR RADIOS NEW LIFE. 46 00:06:21,347 --> 00:06:30,123 THEY'RE ADDING TWO NEW BUREAUS AND CONSTRUCTING STUDIOS HERE IN PRAGUE FOR AN ADDITIONAL RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CHANNEL FEATURING 47 00:06:30,189 --> 00:06:35,495 DOCUMENTARIES, MUSIC AND COMEDIES. >> THIS IS YOUR AREA OF COVERAGE? 48 00:06:35,561 --> 00:06:42,435 >> YES. FLY SAYS 40 MILLION PEOPLE FROM 23 COUNTRIES ACROSS THIS BROAD LAND MASS TUNE INTO THEIR 49 00:06:42,502 --> 00:06:48,174 COVERAGE. 11 MILLION INSIDE RUSSIA DESPITE THE KREMLIN'S LABELING THEM A FOREIGN AGENT. 50 00:06:48,241 --> 00:06:56,082 >> THAT IS A COMMON REFRAIN WE HEAR FROM THE KREMLIN, FROM AUTHORITARIANS THAT DON'T LIKE US AND WE'VE DEALT WITH THAT BY 51 00:06:56,149 --> 00:07:04,390 BEING VERY TRANSPARENT. WE COVER GOVERNMENTS, EVEN GOVERNMENTS THAT ARE FRIENDLY FROM THE U.S. JUST AS TOUGH AS 52 00:07:04,457 --> 00:07:14,367 WE COVER THE KREMLIN. >> RADIO-FREE EUROPE WAS CREATED AND NURTURED BY LEGENDARY COLD WARRIORS, GEORGE CANON, CIA 53 00:07:14,433 --> 00:07:21,707 DIRECTOR ALLEN DULLES AND PRESIDENTS TRUMAN, EISENHOWER AND KENNEDY. >> THIS PLACE, IT OOZES WITH 54 00:07:21,774 --> 00:07:27,647 HISTORY. CAN YOU TELL ME ABOUT THE DRIVING FORCE, THE SOUL OF THIS PLACE? 55 00:07:27,713 --> 00:07:36,289 >> CERTAINLY FOR THE JOURNALISTS IT'S A COMMITMENT TO THE TRUTH. WE LIVE RIGHT NOW IN WHAT SOME WOULD CALL A POST-TRUTH AGE 56 00:07:36,355 --> 00:07:44,530 WHERE PEOPLE INCREASINGLY DON'T EVEN BELIEVE IN AN OBJECTIVE TRUTH, BUT THIS WAS AN ORGANIZATION IN THE 1950s THAT 57 00:07:44,597 --> 00:07:55,107 WAS FOUNDED ON THE NOTION THAT THERE IS AN OBJECTIVE TRUTH. >> RADIO FREE COMBATS THE SOVIET LINE WITH 21 TRANSMITTERS. 58 00:07:55,174 --> 00:08:05,017 >> ONE TRUTH THEY STILL STRUGGLE WITH IS THAT THEY WERE ORIGINALLY FUNDED BY THE CIA. CONGRESS ENDED THAT IN 1971 AND 59 00:08:05,084 --> 00:08:12,391 MANDATED THE RADIOS OPERATE WITHOUT ANY U.S. GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE, BUT THAT HASN'T STOPPED OTHER GOVERNMENTS FROM 60 00:08:12,458 --> 00:08:18,698 INTERFERING WITH THEM. THE HISTORY OF RADIO FREE EUROPE IS FILLED WITH COLD WAR INTRIGUE. 61 00:08:18,764 --> 00:08:25,204 THE AMERICAN BROADCASTER HAS BEEN A PERENNIAL TARGET OF SOVIET AND LATER RUSSIAN SPIES. A NUMBER OF DEADLY PLOTS HAVE 62 00:08:25,271 --> 00:08:32,511 BEEN FOILED INCLUDING ONE TO POISON SALT SHAKERS IN THE CAFETERIA. STILL, SOME HIGH-PROFILE 63 00:08:32,578 --> 00:08:45,057 JOURNALISTS HAVE BEEN ASSASSINATED. INCLUDING RFE HOST AND BULGARIAN DISSIDENT GEORGIE MARKOV WHO WAS 64 00:08:45,124 --> 00:08:51,030 POISONED IN 1978. THE TERRORIST KNOWN AS CARLOS THE JACKAL BOMBED ITS MUNICH HEADQUARTERS IN 1981. 65 00:08:51,097 --> 00:09:01,607 ALL TOLD, 18 RADIO FREE EUROPE JOURNALISTS HAVE BEEN KILLED, TWO ARE IMPRISONED IN BELARUS, ONE IN CRIMEA. 66 00:09:01,674 --> 00:09:10,483 PAVEL BUTORAN RUNS RFE'S 24/7 RUSSIAN TELEVISION CHANNEL CURRENT TIME. HE TOLD US VIEWERSHIP HAS SOARED 67 00:09:10,549 --> 00:09:18,824 SINCE THE INVASION OF UKRAINE. >> HOW MANY VIEWERS ARE YOU GETTING? >> FOR TV ALONE WE REPORT 68 00:09:18,891 --> 00:09:26,632 6.2 MILLION WEEKLY VIEWS, BUT FOR DIGITAL PLATFORMS THIS YEAR WE'VE REPORTED 3 BILLION ONLINE VIEWS. 69 00:09:26,699 --> 00:09:34,206 >> HE SAYS MANY RUSSIANS WATCH THEIR LIVE YOUTUBE FEED IN SECRET USING VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS. 70 00:09:34,273 --> 00:09:42,615 RECENTLY THESE STICKERS STARTED SHOWING UP IN RUSSIAN CITIES. THEY APPEAR TO BE ADS FOR CHEAP SUGAR, BUT WHEN YOU SCAN THE BAR 71 00:09:42,682 --> 00:09:48,120 CODES -- >> THE QR CODE, THE QUICK RESPONSE CODES TAKE YOU TO CURRENT TIMES WEBSITE. 72 00:09:48,187 --> 00:10:00,733 ANOTHER ONE WAS -- IKEA SALE, BUT THE ACTUAL QR CODE TOOK YOU TO OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL AND WE HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH THAT. 73 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:07,039 IN 2022, THE KREMLIN TURNED BACK THE CLOCK. IT BANNED INDEPENDENT MEDIA OUTLETS AND FORCED THE MOSCOW 74 00:10:07,106 --> 00:10:18,217 BUREAU TO SHUT DOWN AND MADE IT ILLEGAL TO CALL RUSSIA'S ACTION IN UKRAINE A WAR WITH PUNISHMENT UP TO 15 YEARS IN JAIL. 75 00:10:18,284 --> 00:10:26,993 AS ANCHOR OF CURRENT TIMES' NIGHTLY NEWSCAST SHE FLOUTS THAT LAW NEARLY EVERY DAY. BORN AND RAISED IN MOSCOW, SHE 76 00:10:27,059 --> 00:10:33,032 IS ESSENTIALLY EXILED HERE IN PRAGUE. >> DO YOU THINK YOU WILL BE ABLE TO GO HOME SOME DAY? 77 00:10:33,099 --> 00:10:41,941 >> I HONESTLY DON'T KNOW. >> REALLY? >> THERE IS A CHANCE, YOU KNOW, THAT ME OR ANY OF MY COLLEAGUES 78 00:10:42,008 --> 00:10:49,348 COULD BE DETAINED STRAIGHT AT THE AIRPORT. I THINK THERE IS A REASON WHY ALMOST EVERY FAIR JOURNALIST 79 00:10:49,415 --> 00:10:55,287 LEFT THE COUNTRY SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR. >> CAN YOU EXPLAIN TO THOSE OF US FROM OUTSIDE OF THE COUNTRY 80 00:10:55,354 --> 00:11:03,229 WHAT'S HAPPENING IN RUSSIA? >> I THINK THAT THINGS ARE MOVING IN A VERY SCARY DIRECTION. 81 00:11:03,295 --> 00:11:12,738 I'M SURE THAT THIS WAR BRINGS DISASTROUS CONSEQUENCE NOT ONLY FOR UKRAINE AND UKRAINIAN, BUT FOR RUSSIA AND RUSSIANS. 82 00:11:12,805 --> 00:11:20,813 >> A MILLION RUSSIAN CITIZENS HAVE FLED THE COUNTRY IN THE PAST YEAR AND A HALF INCLUDING THESE FOUR RADIO FREE EUROPE 83 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:30,256 JOURNALISTS WHO, UNTIL RECENTLY, WORKED IN ITS MOSCOW BUREAU. >> JOURNALISTS SUFFER, I THINK, ESPECIALLY RUSSIAN JOURNALISTS. 84 00:11:30,322 --> 00:11:36,662 >> FATALISTS? >> FATALIST, YES. >> SARA IS AN INVESTIGATIVE REPORTER. 85 00:11:36,729 --> 00:11:41,300 >> DO ALL OF YOU EXPECT TO RETURN TO RUSSIA? >> NOT BEFORE PUTIN DIES, I THINK. 86 00:11:41,367 --> 00:11:49,975 >> IT'S HOME, THOUGH. >> I STILL CONSIDER RUSSIA TO BE HOME. TO ME RUSSIA IS BY PUTIN AND 87 00:11:50,042 --> 00:11:59,685 ALSO RUSSIAN PEOPLE OCCUPY IT, MANY OF THEM BY RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA. >> NATALIA COVERS HUMAN RIGHTS. 88 00:11:59,752 --> 00:12:08,761 >> WHEN I CAME I UNDERSTOOD THAT THESE MEDIA GIVES YOU A CHANCE TO TELL THE TRUTH, TO COVER YOUR STORIES AS YOU SEE IT, AS YOU 89 00:12:08,828 --> 00:12:21,140 WANT TO PRESENT IT, AND THERE IS NO PRESSURE OF SOME GUIDELINES FROM THE GOVERNMENT. >> ANASTASIA TISHENKO IS AT ODDS 90 00:12:21,207 --> 00:12:26,712 WITH THE GOVERNMENT AND HER PARENTS WHO BELIEVE IN RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA. >> I TRIED TO SEND THEM MY 91 00:12:26,779 --> 00:12:33,752 REPORT, BUT THEY STILL BELIEVE NOT TO ME, BUT STILL BELIEVE RUSSIAN TELEVISION. THEY ARE AFRAID OF TRUTH. 92 00:12:33,819 --> 00:12:41,393 >> AFRAID OF THE TRUTH? >> YES. THAT IS HOW PROPAGANDA WORKS. >> ALEXEI ALEXANDEROV DID A 93 00:12:41,460 --> 00:12:47,233 STINT INSIDE UKRAINE BEFORE LEAVING RUSSIA. >> AFTER THE WAR BEGINS I DECIDED THAT I WOULD LIKE TO GO 94 00:12:47,299 --> 00:12:59,612 BACK TO UKRAINE, NOT RUSSIA BECAUSE FEEL RESPONSIBLE ANYWAY FOR THIS WAR -- >> WHAT DO YOU MEAN YOU FEEL 95 00:12:59,678 --> 00:13:07,586 RESPONSIBLE? >> AS A PART OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY, AND PROBABLY I WOULD LIKE TO GO BACK TO UKRAINE TO HELP THE 96 00:13:07,653 --> 00:13:14,960 PEOPLE IN UKRAINE TO REBUILD THEIR COUNTRY. >> HIS RADIO FREE EUROPE COLLEAGUES INSIDE UKRAINE HAVE 97 00:13:15,027 --> 00:13:28,340 BEEN DOING JUST THAT. NATALIE SETLESKA IS HOST AND AN INVESTIGATIVE PRODUCER OF A SERIES AND HER REPORTING HELPED 98 00:13:28,407 --> 00:13:39,552 EXPOSE THE CORRUPTION OF FORMER UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT VIKTOR YANOKOIVH BEFORE HE ESCAPED TO RUSSIA. 99 00:13:39,618 --> 00:13:53,465 >> ME AND OUR TEAM, WE FOUND OUT THAT OUR INVESTIGATIVE SKILLS CAN REALLY HELP NOW IN NEW REALITY, AND WE STARTED TO 100 00:13:53,532 --> 00:13:58,370 INVESTIGATE RUSSIAN ATROCITIES IN UKRAINE. >> YOU UNCOVERED, YOU DOCUMENTED WAR CRIMES. 101 00:13:58,437 --> 00:14:08,981 >> THAT'S TRUE. YOU'VE HEARD OF BUCHA, RIGHT? >> UH-HUH. >> UNFORTUNATELY, THERE ARE 102 00:14:09,048 --> 00:14:25,231 DOZEN, IF NOT HUNDREDS OF SUCH CITIES THAT SUFFER ED SO MUCH B RUSSIANS. >> KYIV BUREAU UNDER CONSTANT 103 00:14:25,297 --> 00:14:34,707 THREAT OF RUSSIAN MISSILES. >> IF YOU CAN IMAGINE ANY TRAGEDY, A MOTHER LOST HER CHILD. 104 00:14:34,773 --> 00:14:46,318 A CHILD LOST HIS MOTHER AND DAD. LIKE, IMAGINE ALL HORRIBLE THINGS THAT ARE GOING ON NOW IN MY COUNTRY. 105 00:14:46,385 --> 00:14:58,764 >> AND YOU'VE DECIDED TO STAY. >> BEING A REPORTER IN UKRAINE, IT'S OUR MISSION, OF COURSE. SO WHY I AM TELLING YOU THESE 106 00:14:58,831 --> 00:15:07,072 STORIES BECAUSE I'M AFRAID OF UNTOLD STORIES. I'M AFRAID THAT WE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO TELL ALL THE TRUTH THAT 107 00:15:07,139 --> 00:15:24,423 IS GOING ON BECAUSE SO MUCH IS GOING ON. >>> MOZAMBIQUE'S NATIONAL PARK WAS THE ENVY OF AFRICA. 108 00:15:24,490 --> 00:15:32,531 WILD LIFE DREW TOURISTS FROM ALL AROUND THE WORLD, BUT BEGINNING IN THE 1960s, A MANMADE CATASTROPHE SLAUGHTERED THE 109 00:15:32,598 --> 00:15:40,806 ANIMALS UNTIL IT WAS SAID THERE WAS NOTHING LEFT, BUT MOSQUITOS AND LAND MINES. IN 2008 WE FOLLOWED AN AMERICAN 110 00:15:40,873 --> 00:15:48,514 ENTREPRENEUR WHO DREAMED OF RETURNING A WASTE LAND TO GREATNESS 14 YEARS LATER, GREG CARR HAS SOMETHING TO SHOW THE 111 00:15:48,580 --> 00:16:01,026 WORLD AND AS WE TOLD YOU IN DECEMBER, WE COULDN'T RESIST A RETURN TO GORONGOSA WHEN CARR SENDS OUT INVITATIONS LIKE THIS. 112 00:16:01,093 --> 00:16:15,641 JUST COME AND SIT AT A SUNSET BY THE LAKE IN THE CENTER OF THIS NATIONAL PARK. I MEAN, TIME STOPS AND YOU GET A 113 00:16:15,708 --> 00:16:23,048 HUNDRED COLORS OF YELLOW AND A HUNDRED COLORS OF ORANGE AND THEN THE DUSK SETS IN AND THEN A FLOCK OF BIRDS GO OVER THE WATER 114 00:16:23,115 --> 00:16:34,126 AND THERE'S A HIPPO OVER THERE MAKING A NOISE AND THERE'S AN IMPALA OVER THERE, AND YOU KNOW, WELL, I COULD HAVE BEEN HERE 115 00:16:34,193 --> 00:16:42,101 100,000 YEARS AGO, AND IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE SAME. >> GREG CARR'S WONDER IS ALMOST LIKE DISBELIEF. 116 00:16:42,167 --> 00:16:50,743 A MILLION ACRES OF AFRICA REBORN. >> WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE IN 2004 I COULD DRIVE AROUND WITH 117 00:16:50,809 --> 00:16:59,685 MY MOZAMBIQUEAN FRIENDS ALL DAY LONG AND IF WE WERE LUCKY MAYBE WE'D SEE ONE BABOON OR ONE HART OR SOMETHING AND NOW WE DRIVE 118 00:16:59,752 --> 00:17:05,324 AROUND AND IT'S AN OCEAN OF WILD LIFE. COME AROUND THE CORNER AND THERE'S A HERD OF ELEPHANTS. 119 00:17:05,391 --> 00:17:15,834 GO THE OTHER DIRECTION AND THERE ARE SOME LION CUBS. 10,000 WATER BUFF AND I SAY TO MYSELF, NATURE CAN REBOUND. 120 00:17:15,901 --> 00:17:23,742 >> THE REBOUND IS IN SOUTHEAST AFRICA NEAR THE CENTER OF MOZAMBIQUE. HERE, 28 YEARS OF WAR FROM THE 121 00:17:23,809 --> 00:17:33,318 '60s TO THE '90s KILLED AN ESTIMATED 1 MILLION PEOPLE AND WIPED OUT 95% OF THE WILD LIFE IN GORONGOSA FOR FOOD AND 122 00:17:33,385 --> 00:17:39,591 PROFIT. AS THE WAR RAGED IN THE 1980s, GREG CARR WAS A TECH ENTREPRENEUR WHO HAD MADE A 123 00:17:39,658 --> 00:17:52,871 FORTUNE PERFECTING VOICEMAIL. HE QUIT BUSINESS TO DEVOTE HIMSELF TO HUMAN RIGHTS AND IN 2004 HE MET MOZAMBIQUE'S 124 00:17:52,938 --> 00:17:59,878 PRESIDENT JOAQUIN CHESSANO WHO MADE A WILD PITCH. >> HE SAID PLEASE COME TO MOZAMBIQUE AND HELP US. 125 00:17:59,945 --> 00:18:07,686 WE WANT TO RESTORE OUR NATIONAL PARK. >> WHEN WE FLEW OVER T THERE TH, I SAID THIS IS IT. 126 00:18:07,753 --> 00:18:18,797 >> WHEN I MET HIM HIS NON-PROFIT SIGNED A CONTRACT WITH MOZAMBIQUE AND HIS PLAN WAS TO IMPORT ANIMALS FROM ALL OVER 127 00:18:18,864 --> 00:18:26,939 AFRICA. >> STEP ONE, WE HAD TO REMOVE 20,000 TRAPS AND WIRE SNARES THAT WERE LEFT IN THIS PARK LEFT 128 00:18:27,005 --> 00:18:33,612 OVER FROM THE WAR. GET RID OF ALL THOSE BECAUSE WHEN I FIRST CAME HERE, AND I THINK WE HAD FIVE OR SIX LINES 129 00:18:33,679 --> 00:18:39,451 MAYBE. >> IN A MILLION ACRES. >> IN A MILLION ACRES AND THE LINES THAT WE DID HAVE MOST HAD 130 00:18:39,518 --> 00:18:45,824 THREE LEGS BECAUSE THEY'D STEPPED IN A TRAP OR SOMETHING AND SECOND, SOME OF THE SPECIES WERE JUST GONE COMPLETELY. 131 00:18:45,891 --> 00:18:55,868 SO WE WENT ON A PROCESS. FIRST BRING IN THE HERBIVORES. SO WE'D BRING IN 200 BUFFALO AND 200 WILDEBEESTS AND BRING IN 132 00:18:55,934 --> 00:19:03,675 SOME ZEBRAS AND THEN ONCE YOU HAVE THE HERBIVORES YOU WANT THE CARNIVORES BACK. WE RE-INTRODUCED LEOPARDS. 133 00:19:03,742 --> 00:19:11,984 WE RE-INTRODUCED HYENAS. THE LION, THEIR NUMBERS JUST TOOK OFF. FROM FIVE OR SIX LIONS WE NOW 134 00:19:12,050 --> 00:19:20,425 HAVE 200. >> HIS CONSERVATION IS URGENT BECAUSE SINCE 1950 AFRICA'S LION POPULATION HAS FALLEN FROM HALF 135 00:19:20,492 --> 00:19:30,669 A MILLION TO 20,000 DUE TO HABITAT LOSS AND HUNTING. WE SAW HOW GORONGOSA IS PROTECTING ITS LIONS ON A 136 00:19:30,736 --> 00:19:38,844 MISSION WITH PARK VETERINARIAN ANTONIO PALO. >> PALO FIRED A TRANQUILIZER DART. 137 00:19:38,911 --> 00:19:47,819 >> RIGHT ON TARGET. >> AND A 300-POUND LIONESS LED US ON A CHASE. >> GIVE SPACE. 138 00:19:47,886 --> 00:19:55,727 SHE LEFT US BEHIND, BUT SHE COULDN'T OUTRUN THE SEDATIVE. >> THERE SHE IS. >> SHE'S THERE SLEEPING. 139 00:19:55,794 --> 00:20:04,069 >> SHE'D BE OUT FOR ABOUT AN HOUR AS DR. PAULO CHANGED HER FAILING GPS COLLAR. THE SIGNAL GOES TO HEADQUARTERS 140 00:20:04,136 --> 00:20:13,045 WHERE THEY TRACK THE PRIDES AND HERDS. A BIT OF EAR WAS KNICKED FOR GENETIC TEST AND THEN THERE WAS 141 00:20:13,111 --> 00:20:21,820 A SURPRISE. >> YOU THINK SHE'S PREGNANT? >> YEAH. SHE LOOKS LIKE PREGNANT. 142 00:20:21,887 --> 00:20:25,057 >> AND THERE IS THE FUTURE OF THE PARK. >> YES. THE FUTURE CUBS OF THE PARK. 143 00:20:25,123 --> 00:20:32,364 >> LATER, SHE AWOKE AND HEADED OUT WITH HER FUTURE CUB. >> I NEVER IMAGINED IT WOULD GO SO WELL OR SO FAST. 144 00:20:32,431 --> 00:20:46,078 IN 2018 WE DID AN AERIAL SURVEY. SO COUNTING ONLY THE BIG ANIMALS WE COUNTED 100,000 LARGE ANIMALS FROM THE AIR. 145 00:20:46,144 --> 00:20:55,153 >> THRILLED AS HE IS, IT WASN'T WILD LIFE THAT DREW THIS 63-YEAR-OLD IDAHO NATIVE TO AFRICA. 146 00:20:55,220 --> 00:21:04,262 IN 2008 HE INTRODUCED US TO THE 200,000 PEOPLE LIVING AROUND THE PARK. SURVIVORS OF THE WARS LIVING ON 147 00:21:04,329 --> 00:21:10,702 A DOLLAR A DAY. >> PEOPLE HAD NOTHING. I MEAN, THEY DIDN'T HAVE CLOTHES. 148 00:21:10,769 --> 00:21:19,011 THEY WERE WEARING RAGS OR EATING TREE BARK AND EATING INSECTS AND TRYING TO CATCH MICE AND THIS IS WHAT STRUCK ME. 149 00:21:19,077 --> 00:21:30,555 THIS NATIONAL PARK WILL HAVE TO HELP THE PEOPLE. >> TODAY GORONGOSA NATIONAL PARK EMPLOYS 1600 PEOPLE, AND TOURISM 150 00:21:30,622 --> 00:21:38,530 BRINGS IN CASH THAT GOES TO THE PEOPLE AND GOES TO THE PARK AND GREG CARR HAS PARTNERED WITH THE GOVERNMENT ON HEALTH CARE AND 151 00:21:38,597 --> 00:21:44,736 EDUCATION. CARR IS THE BIGGEST DONOR, BUT U.S. FOREIGN AID KICKS IN ABOUT 6 MILLION A YEAR. 152 00:21:44,803 --> 00:21:54,446 >> WE NOW WORK IN 89 PRIMARY SCHOOLS WHICH IS EVERY SINGLE SCHOOL THAT SURROUNDS THIS NATIONAL PARK. 153 00:21:54,513 --> 00:22:00,652 WE ARE TRAINING 600 SCHOOL TEACHERS RIGHT NOW. THINK ABOUT HOW DIFFICULT IT IS TO CREATE A SCHOOL SYSTEM WHEN 154 00:22:00,719 --> 00:22:07,726 YOU DON'T HAVE TEACHERS THAT KNOW HOW TO READ AND WRITE BECAUSE OF GENERATIONS OF WAR. SOMETHING WE FOCUSED ON IS STEP 155 00:22:07,793 --> 00:22:15,467 ONE, WAS VERY VULNERABLE GIRLS. A LOT OF TIMES WHAT HAPPENS IN POOR FAMILIES, A GIRL TURNS 13 OR 14 AND THE FAMILY SAYS IT'S 156 00:22:15,534 --> 00:22:22,874 TIME FOR HER TO GET MARRIED AND IT MAY NOT BE WHAT THEY ACTUALLY WANT, BUT THERE IS NO CHOICE AND THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS AND SHE 157 00:22:22,941 --> 00:22:29,181 MARRIES A FARMER AND THAT'S IT. SO WE STARTED SOMETHING CALLED THE GIRLS' CLUB. ♪ 158 00:22:29,247 --> 00:22:39,024 ♪ >> THERE ARE 3,000 GIRLS IN 92 AFTER-SCHOOL CLUBS. THE PROGRAM IS LED BY LARHYSA 159 00:22:39,091 --> 00:22:43,628 SOUZA. >> WHY IS THIS THE JOB OF A CONSERVATION PARK? >> WHY NOT? 160 00:22:43,695 --> 00:22:49,367 IT SHOULD BE THE JOB FOR EVERYONE. FOR EVERYONE. EDUCATION IS FOR EVERYONE. 161 00:22:49,434 --> 00:22:57,743 >> THE CLUBS PROVIDE THE RESOURCES TO GET THE GIRLS INTO HIGH SCHOOL AND IT GIVES STUDENTS AN ANSWER TO OUR 162 00:22:57,809 --> 00:23:08,653 QUESTION WHICH FIVE YEARS AGO WOULDN'T HAVE MADE SENSE. WHAT DO YOU WANT TO BE? >> WE HAVE A TEACHER, A NURSE, A 163 00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:12,691 CONSERVATION PARK RANGER AND ANOTHER NURSE. >> ANOTHER NURSE. YES. 164 00:23:12,758 --> 00:23:18,764 >> WHEN WE STARTED THE PROGRAM THEY DIDN'T KNOW THAT THEY HAD THIS CHOICE. >> AND NOW THEY DO. 165 00:23:18,830 --> 00:23:23,802 >> NOW THEY DO. >> THIS LAND BELONGS TO THESE PEOPLE, THEY'VE BEEN HERE FOREVER. 166 00:23:23,869 --> 00:23:29,374 IT'S THEIR ANIMALS. IT'S THEIR LAND, IT'S THEIR TREES AND THEIR CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE, RIGHT? 167 00:23:29,441 --> 00:23:36,748 IT'S AN IDEA THAT CAME FROM MY HERO, NELSON MANDELA AND THE IDEA WAS TO CREATE A HUMAN RIGHTS PARK. 168 00:23:36,815 --> 00:23:42,454 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN, RIGHT? A PARK THAT CARES ABOUT THE PEOPLE. A PARK THAT BELONGS TO THE 169 00:23:42,521 --> 00:23:49,928 PEOPLE. SO INSTEAD OF A PARK TURNING ITS BACK ON THE PEOPLE, AND THE PARK SAYING THIS YOUR PARK, THESE ARE 170 00:23:49,995 --> 00:23:54,733 YOUR ANIMALS AND THESE ARE YOUR OPPORTUNITIES. ♪ ♪ 171 00:23:54,800 --> 00:24:03,441 >> WE SAW THOSE OPPORTUNITIES ON MOUNT GORONGOSA WHICH WAS STRIPPED OF TREES DURING THE WARS. 172 00:24:03,508 --> 00:24:11,550 HERE, CARR'S NON-PROFIT FOUNDATION IS GIVING AWAY COFFEE TREES. 868 FAMILY FARMERS WORKING FOR 173 00:24:11,616 --> 00:24:21,159 THEMSELVES ARE EARNING FAR MORE THAN EVER. SO THEY CAN'T PLANT TREES FAST ENOUGH WHICH RE-FORESTS THE 174 00:24:21,226 --> 00:24:30,402 MOUNTAIN. CARR'S FOUNDATION BUYS THE BEANS AT ABOVE THE MARKET RATE AND BUILT THE FARMERS A ROASTING 175 00:24:30,468 --> 00:24:37,742 PLANT. >> THERE'S NO BETTER EXAMPLE OF CARR'S MODEL FOR LIFTING PEOPLE AND HEALING THE WILD. 176 00:24:37,809 --> 00:24:46,384 IT'S WORKING, BUT THE LAST 14 YEARS HAVEN'T BEEN SWEET MUSIC ALONE. SINCE WE WERE HERE IN 2008. 177 00:24:46,451 --> 00:24:51,923 >> YES. >> THERE HAVE BEEN ENORMOUS ROADBLOCKS TO THIS PROJECT. >> THAT'S RIGHT. 178 00:24:51,990 --> 00:25:02,434 IF I'D KNOWN THEN WHAT WAS GOING TO COME -- >> WHAT CAME WAS ANOTHER CIVIL WAR IN 2013 AND THEN IN 2019 A 179 00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:11,209 CYCLONE LEVELED 100,000 HOMES. >> OKAY. THERE WAS THE SIX YEARS OF WAR, AND THEN THE CYCLONE. 180 00:25:11,276 --> 00:25:20,986 WHEN CYCLONE EDAI HIT BASICALLY EVERY ONE OF OUR EMPLOYEES BECAME A FIRST RESPONDER. SO, IN OTHER WORDS, OH, THERE'S 181 00:25:21,052 --> 00:25:24,923 AN ELEPHANT RIGHT THERE. >> IS THERE? >> WELL, THERE CERTAINLY IS. I JUST HAVE TO STOP AND SAY 182 00:25:24,990 --> 00:25:33,865 HELLO TO THE ELEPHANT. >> WE COULDN'T FIND THE WILD LIFE IN 2008. >> AND NOW THEY'RE INTERRUPTING 183 00:25:33,932 --> 00:25:37,569 OUR INTERVIEW. >> NOW THEY'RE WALKING IN ON THE INTERVIEW. [ LAUGHTER ] 184 00:25:37,636 --> 00:25:43,074 >> WELL -- >> WAS THERE EVER A TIME WHEN YOU THOUGHT TO YOURSELF, I DID MY BEST, BUT THIS ISN'T GOING TO 185 00:25:43,141 --> 00:25:49,581 BE HUMANLY POSSIBLE? >> NOT FOR A SECOND. NOT FOR ONE SECOND. WITH THE CYCLONES AND WITH THE 186 00:25:49,648 --> 00:25:56,755 RETURN OF THE CIVIL WAR. >> I JUST THINK EVERY TIME SOMETHING LIKE THAT HAPPENS IT JUST MAKES YOU MORE DETERMINED 187 00:25:56,821 --> 00:26:04,462 NOT LESS DETERMINED AND WHEN YOU'VE GOT PEOPLE SUFFERING IN A WAR THAT NEED HELP OR PEOPLE SUFFERING IN A CYCLONE THAT NEED 188 00:26:04,529 --> 00:26:10,268 HELP YOU ARE MORE COMMITTED. YOU DON'T LOSE COMMITMENT AT A TIME LIKE THAT. ♪ 189 00:26:10,335 --> 00:26:19,878 ♪ >> WE SAW A COMMITMENT IN THE RANGERS WHO PROTECT THE RANGERS WHO PROTECT THE 190 00:26:19,945 --> 00:26:24,082 ♪ ♪ >> FOR THE FLORA AND THE FAUNA, THEY SING, WE WILL DIE FOR OUR 191 00:26:24,149 --> 00:26:36,361 PARK. >> PART OF WHAT THEY PROTECT ARE ENDANGERED SPECIES INCLUDING THIS MAMMAL WITH A BOTTOMLESS 192 00:26:36,428 --> 00:26:46,838 TASTE FOR TERMITES. PENGILINS ARE PRIZED FOR THEIR SCALES. VETERINARIAN ANGELA SAYS THEY 193 00:26:46,905 --> 00:26:53,278 RIDE ON THEIR MOTHER'S BACKS. >> HELLO THERE. >> BUT WE FOUND ANY BACK WILL DO. 194 00:26:53,345 --> 00:27:03,355 >> THAT'S FUNNY, HE NATURALLY GOES RIGHT UP TO YOUR SHOULDER AND JUST HANGS ON YOUR BACK. >> POWERFUL TAIL. 195 00:27:03,421 --> 00:27:13,631 THE TAIL IS VERY POWERFUL AND ALSO USED FOR PROTECTION. >> I AM SURPRISED THEY'RE SO DOCILE. 196 00:27:13,698 --> 00:27:22,741 THIS IS A WILD ANIMAL. >> YES, IT IS A WILD ANIMAL. >> FOR US, THE MOST INTERESTING ANIMAL IN THE PARK -- IS GREG 197 00:27:22,807 --> 00:27:32,484 CARR, AN ENTREPRENEUR WITH THE EMPATHY TO SEE THE HUMILITY TO LISTEN AND THE OPTIMISM TO ACT. HIS BUSINESS MODEL IS CREATING A 198 00:27:32,550 --> 00:27:45,764 NEW ECOSYSTEM WHERE ANIMALS THAT WERE HUNTED ARE SUDDENLY WORK MUCH MORE ALIVE. HOW MUCH YOUR PERSONAL 199 00:27:45,830 --> 00:27:58,243 FORTUNE -- I'D LIKE TO KEEP THAT A SECRET, BUT YOU CANIBLE PROY DO THE MATH AND FIGURE IT OUT. IT'S MORE THAN $100 MILLION. 200 00:27:58,309 --> 00:28:05,784 I MEAN, WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO? STICK IT ALL IN YOUR CASKET? WHY NOT ENJOY THE JOY OF 201 00:28:05,850 --> 00:28:12,624 PHILANTHROPY? I WOULD SAY TO THE BILLIONAIRE NEXT DOOR, GO OUT AND ENJOY SPENDING YOUR MONEY TO HELP SOME 202 00:28:12,690 --> 00:28:19,731 PEOPLE. >> FIND YOUR GORONGOSA. >> GO FIND YOUR GORONGOSA AND IT WILL BLESS YOU MORE THAN YOU CAN 203 00:28:19,798 --> 00:28:21,433 POSSIBLY EVER BLESS IT. 204 00:28:32,777 --> 00:28:39,884 >> RICK RUBIN IS ONE OF THE MOST TALENTED MUSIC PRODUCERS OF HIS GENERATION AND CERTAINLY ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING. 205 00:28:39,951 --> 00:28:49,594 AT 60, HE'S WORKED WITH JUST ABOUT EVERY TOP RECORDING ARTIST ACROSS ALL GENRES. IN AN INDUSTRY FOCUSED ON 206 00:28:49,661 --> 00:28:59,070 CHURNING OUT HITS, HE HIELPS ARTISTS GET IN TOUCH WITH THEIR SELVES. THAT SOUNDS MYSTICAL AND THAT'S 207 00:28:59,137 --> 00:29:08,346 JUST FINE WITH RUBIN, AFTER ALL HIS STAUDIO IN CALIFORNIA IS NAMED SHANGRI-LA AND HE'S BEEN CALLED A GURU BY MORE THAN A FEW 208 00:29:08,413 --> 00:29:16,121 OF THE ARTISTS HE'S WORKED WITH. BEFORE OUR INTERVIEW BEGAN, RUBIN CROSSED HIS LEGS, CLOSED HIS EYES AND THEN SUGGESTED WE 209 00:29:16,187 --> 00:29:21,993 DO THE SAME. >> CAN WE SPEND TWO MINUTES EYES CLOSED MEDITATING BEFORE WE START JUST TO REALLY GET HERE? 210 00:29:22,060 --> 00:29:32,570 >> SURE. >> LET'S DO THAT. >> THAT'S A FIRST. >> NICE. 211 00:29:32,637 --> 00:29:41,346 >> DOES MEDITATION HELP YOU CREATIVELY? >> IT CLEARS THE DISTRACTIONS. THE DISTRACTIONS CAN GET IN THE 212 00:29:41,412 --> 00:29:48,753 WAY WITH A DIRECT CONNECTION TO THE CREATIVE FORCE. ♪ ♪ CHECK 213 00:29:48,820 --> 00:29:53,291 ♪ ♪ >> RICK RUBIN IS DEFINITELY IN TUNE WITH HIS CREATIVE FORCE. 214 00:29:53,358 --> 00:30:01,900 OVER THE LAST FOUR DECADES HE'S PRODUCED ALBUMS AND SONGS WITH MORE THAN 120 ARTISTS. >> JUST KEEP THEM REALLY SIMPLE. 215 00:30:01,966 --> 00:30:08,540 BAH-RUM. ♪ ♪ >> THINKING MAYBE WE'LL START A 216 00:30:08,606 --> 00:30:13,478 CAPELLA. I'VE GOT 99 PROBLEMS, BUT A BITCH AIN'T ONE. ♪ 217 00:30:13,545 --> 00:30:17,549 ♪ ♪ GOING BACK TO CALI ♪ ♪ >> HE'S HELPED LAUNCH CAREERS, 218 00:30:17,615 --> 00:30:30,195 LL COOL J AND PUBLIC ENEMY. >> AND IS AUFSOFTEN THE GO-TO G FOR ARTISTS AT THE TOP OF THEIR GAME LIKE ADELE. 219 00:30:30,261 --> 00:30:34,832 ♪ ♪ ONE AND ONLY ♪ >> EXACTLY WHEN HE DOES AND HOW 220 00:30:34,899 --> 00:30:39,771 IS DIFFICULT TO DESCRIBE. >> DO YOU PLAY INSTRUMENTS? >> BARELY. >> DO YOU KNOW HOW TO WORK A 221 00:30:39,837 --> 00:30:47,745 SOUND BOARD? >> NO. >> NO TECHNICAL ABILITY, AND I KNOW NOTHING ABOUT HUGHESIC. 222 00:30:47,812 --> 00:30:52,016 MUSIC. >> YOU MUST KNOW SOMETHING. >> I KNOW WHAT I LIKE AND WHAT I DON'T LIKE AND I'M DECISIVE 223 00:30:52,083 --> 00:30:57,188 ABOUT WHAT I LIKE AND WHAT I DON'T LIKE. >> SO WHAT ARE YOU BEING PAID FOR? 224 00:30:57,255 --> 00:31:09,500 >> THE CONFIDENCE THAT I HAVE IN MY TASTE AND MY ABILITY TO EXPRESS WHAT I FEEL HAS PROVEN HELPFUL FOR ARTISTS. 225 00:31:09,567 --> 00:31:13,738 ♪ ♪ >> ARTISTS ARE EAGER TO MAKE THE PILGRIMAGE TO SHANGRI-LA STUDIOS 226 00:31:13,805 --> 00:31:19,877 IN MALIBU TO WORK WITH RUBIN. >> HOW MANY STUDIOS DO YOU HAVE HERE? >> THERE'S THE MAIN CONTROL ROOM 227 00:31:19,944 --> 00:31:27,719 HERE WITH TE LIVE ROOM. >> THE PLACE IS MINIMALIST, TO SAY THE LEAST. THERE'S NO MIRRORS, NO TVs AND 228 00:31:27,785 --> 00:31:33,391 NO SIGNS OF RICK RUBIN'S EXTRAORDINARY SUCCESS. >> I'VE NEVER BEEN IN A RECORDING STUDIO WHERE THERE'S 229 00:31:33,458 --> 00:31:38,062 NOT GOLD RECORDS AND GRAMMYS. DO YOU HAVE A TINY EGO ROOM SOMEWHERE? >> I DON'T. 230 00:31:38,129 --> 00:31:42,800 I USED TO SEND THEM ALL TO MY PARENTS AND I DON'T KNOW WHERE THEY ARE NOW. IT'S A DISTRACTION. 231 00:31:42,867 --> 00:31:52,777 IF YOU START THINKING ABOUT DOING SOMETHING TO ACHIEVE THAT THEN YOU'RE NOT FOCUSED ON MAKING THIS BEAUTIFUL THING. 232 00:31:52,844 --> 00:31:58,516 IT UNDERMINES THE PURITY OF THE PROJECT. WE'RE GOING BACK TO THE KEY AND WE'RE GOING BACK TO THE TEMPO. 233 00:31:58,583 --> 00:32:04,222 >> RUBIN HAS PREFERRED TO HIMSELF AS A REDUCER INSTEAD OF A PRODUCER. >> I LIKE THE IDEA OF GETTING 234 00:32:04,289 --> 00:32:09,494 THE POINT ACROSS WITH THE LEAST AMOUNT OF INFORMATION POSSIBLE. >> AND THAT'S WHAT YOU'RE DOING IN A RECORDING STUDIO. 235 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:18,136 YOU'RE LISTENING TO MUSIC, TO SOUND AND TRYING TO STRIP IT. >> JUST TO SEE WHAT IS ACTUALLY NECESSARY. 236 00:32:18,202 --> 00:32:22,040 GETTING IT DOWN TO THAT ESSENCE TO START WITH IS REALLY HELPFUL IN UNDERSTANDING WHAT IT IS. ♪ 237 00:32:22,106 --> 00:32:30,381 ♪ >> ON OUR FIRST DAY HE BROUGHT US IN ON A JAM SESSION WITH SAXOPHONE GREAT KAMASI 238 00:32:30,448 --> 00:32:38,956 WASHINGTON. >> WHAT ARE YOU LISTENING FOR, LIKE, RIGHT NOW THERE'S -- WHAT? CHIMES? 239 00:32:39,023 --> 00:32:43,227 PIANO. >> I'M NOT LISTENING TO ANY OF THOSE THINGS. >> WHAT ARE YOU LISTENING TO? 240 00:32:43,294 --> 00:32:51,936 >> I'M LISTENING TO THE FEELING. >> HOW DO YOU LISTEN TO A FEELING? >> WELL, MY BODY'S MOVING. 241 00:32:52,003 --> 00:32:57,875 I FEEL THAT MELODY AWAKEN SOMETHING IN ME. ♪ ♪ 242 00:32:57,942 --> 00:33:04,515 >> THERE'S SOMETHING FAMILIAR ABOUT IT, BUT I DON'T THINK I'VE HEARD IT BEFORE. A FEELING OF FAMILIARITY IS A 243 00:33:04,582 --> 00:33:09,587 GOOD FEELING. >> IF YOU HAVEN'T NOTICED BY NOW RICK RUBIN TALKS A LOT ABOUT FEELINGS. 244 00:33:09,654 --> 00:33:17,261 >> MY AIM IS NOT TO HAVE MY PRESENCE FELT UNLESS IT'S NECESSARY, UNLESS IT'S HELPFUL. >> HIS PRESENCE IS LAID BACK, 245 00:33:17,328 --> 00:33:23,901 LITERALLY. HE USUALLY LISTENS LYING DOWN AND BAREFOOT WITH HIS EYES SHUT. YOU MIGHT THINK HE WAS NAPPING. 246 00:33:23,968 --> 00:33:34,412 >> I TRY TO LISTEN AS CLOSELY AS I POSSIBLY CAN, AND WHEN MY EYES ARE CLOSED I FEEL LIKE I'M THERE WITH THE MUSIC. 247 00:33:34,479 --> 00:33:40,218 >> IT MAY NOT SEEM LIKE WORK, BUT RUBIN HEARS THINGS AND SENSES THINGS OTHER PRODUCERS DON'T. 248 00:33:40,284 --> 00:33:51,863 BACK IN 1993 A FEW STRAY GUIET CORDS ON A TOM PETTY TAPE CAUGHT HIS ATTENTION. >> PETTY SENT ME DEMOS OF FIVE 249 00:33:51,929 --> 00:34:01,439 NEW SONGS AND NONE OF THEM STRUCK ME, HONESTLY. NONE OF THEM SPOKE TO ME, BUT THAT GUITAR RIFF IN THE SONG WAS 250 00:34:01,506 --> 00:34:06,110 SOMETHING LIKE A WARM UP. ♪ ♪ >> I DROVE TO TOM'S HOUSE, AND I 251 00:34:06,177 --> 00:34:11,082 PLAYED IT FOR HIM, AND I SAID LISTEN TO THIS PIECE. I FEEL LIKE THIS IS THE BEST THING ON THE TAPE. 252 00:34:11,149 --> 00:34:22,393 WRITE THIS ONE, AND THAT TURNED INTO "LAST DANCE WITH MARY JANE." ♪ LAST DANCE WITH MARY JANE ♪ 253 00:34:22,460 --> 00:34:26,998 ♪ >> THAT'S GOT TO BE HARD, THOUGH, WHEN YOU COME BACK SAYING, YOU KNOW, I LIKE THE 254 00:34:27,064 --> 00:34:31,769 THING THAT HAPPENED ACCIDENTALLY IN BETWEEN TWO OF THESE SONGS. THAT'S A TOUGH SELL SOMETIMES, ISN'T IT? 255 00:34:31,836 --> 00:34:37,208 >> I'M NOT TRYING TO SELL IT. I'M JUST SHARING WHAT I'M FEELING, YOU KNOW? IF THEY DON'T WANT TO DO IT, 256 00:34:37,275 --> 00:34:44,115 IT'S FINE. >> RUBIN HAS SHARED WHAT HE'S LEARNED IN A BOOK, THE CREATIVE ACT. 257 00:34:44,182 --> 00:34:51,923 A WAY OF BEING. IT WAS PUBLISHED IN JANUARY AND IT IS HIS CREATIVE GUIDE TO HARNESS CREATIVITY AND IT IS 258 00:34:51,989 --> 00:34:58,362 SOMETHING HE FOUND IN NEW YORK UNIVERSITY IN 1982. HIS PARENTS WANTED HIM TO BE A LAWYER, BUT RUBIN HAD ANOTHER 259 00:34:58,429 --> 00:35:05,636 IDEA. >> YOU DECIDE THE DORM IS GOING TO BE THE STUDIO? >> IT'S GOING TO BE THE DEEJAY 260 00:35:05,703 --> 00:35:10,341 BOOTH/DRUM MACHINE-PRE-PRODUCTION MUSIC AREA. >> DID YOUR ROOMMATE HAVE ANY 261 00:35:10,408 --> 00:35:17,081 SAY IN THAT? >> HE DIDN'T, BUT HE LOVED IT. >> HE WAS GOING OUT EVERY NIGHT. HE WASN'T INTO BOOZE OR DRUG, HE 262 00:35:17,148 --> 00:35:21,052 SAYS. THE MUSIC IS WHAT DREW HIM AND HIP-HOP WAS JUST STARTING TO MAKE SOME NOISE. 263 00:35:21,118 --> 00:35:25,556 >> WHAT WAS IT ABOUT HIP-HOP THAT ATTRACTED YOU? THIS KID FROM LONG ISLAND AT NYU? 264 00:35:25,623 --> 00:35:36,167 >> IT WASN'T MADE BY PEOPLE WHO WENT TO THE MUSIC CONSERVATORY. IT WAS MADE BY KIDS WHO FELT SOMETHING. 265 00:35:36,234 --> 00:35:40,738 ♪ ♪ >> THE FEW HIP-HOP RECORDS RUBIN COULD GET HIS HANDS ON DIDN'T 266 00:35:40,805 --> 00:35:47,979 SOUND LIKE WHAT HE HEARD IN THE CLUBS. >> IN THE HIP-HOP CLUB THE MUSIC WAS MADE BY THE DEEJAY 267 00:35:48,045 --> 00:35:55,086 SCRATCHING RECORDS OR PLAYING BREAK BEATS OR USING DRUM MACHINES OR SOME COMBINATION AND THEN THERE WOULD BE A RAPPER OR 268 00:35:55,152 --> 00:36:00,691 A GROUP OF RAPPERS, AND THE RECORDS THAT CAME OUT WERE ALWAYS A BAND PLAYING. ♪ 269 00:36:00,758 --> 00:36:08,633 ♪ THAT'S THE BREAKS, THAT'S THE BREAKS ♪ >> AND THAT WASN'T WHAT, TO ME, WHAT HIP-HOP WAS. 270 00:36:08,699 --> 00:36:20,845 >> SO HE HAD TILA ROCK AND DJ JAZZY J TO HAVE A BREAK TO HEAR WHAT IT SOUNDED LIVE. >> THE STRIPPED-DOWN VERSION GOT 271 00:36:20,912 --> 00:36:26,250 NOTICED AND HE MET WITH RUSSELL SIMMONS. >> YOU IN YOUR MEETINGS AT THE DORM ROOM. 272 00:36:26,317 --> 00:36:34,725 >> I MET WITH RUN DMC AT THE DORM ROOM. I MET EVERYONE AT THE DORM ROOM. >> THAT BECAME DEF JAM. 273 00:36:34,792 --> 00:36:43,568 >> DID THE UNIVERSITY KNOW THAT YOU WERE OPERATING WANT JUST A SIDE HUSTLE, BUT AT THE SCHOOL? >> OVER TIME AS DEF JAM GREW THE 274 00:36:43,634 --> 00:36:48,906 ENTIRE MAIL ROOM WAS FILLED WITH BOXES OF RECORDS TO BE SHIPPED OUT. >> HIS SENIOR YEAR RUBIN WAS 275 00:36:48,973 --> 00:36:57,448 WORKING WITH RUN DMC, THE BEASTIE BOYS AND A TEENAGE LL COOL J AND AFTER HE GRADUATED, DEF JAM LANDED A SEVEN-FIGURE 276 00:36:57,515 --> 00:37:02,553 DISTRIBUTION DEAL WITH COLUMBIA RECORDS. ♪ CALL ME ENEMY NUMBER ONE ♪ 277 00:37:02,620 --> 00:37:08,859 >> RUBIN WAS ALWAYS LOOKING FOR NEW TALENT. HE HEARD A JINGLE FROM A COLLEGE RADIO SHOW AND TRACKED DOWN THE 278 00:37:08,926 --> 00:37:16,367 RAPPER, CHUCK D WHO WROTE IT AND CONVINCED HIM TO SIGN WITH DEF JAM. THAT'S HOW THE GROUNDBREAKING 279 00:37:16,434 --> 00:37:22,540 GROUP PUBLIC ENEMY GOT ♪ ♪ >> WHAT KIND OF AN IMPACT DO YOU 280 00:37:22,607 --> 00:37:30,982 THINK RICK HAD ON HIP-HOP? RICK RUBIN IS ONE OF THE PILLAR STONES OF HIP-HOP. HE DIDN'T PIONEER THE 281 00:37:31,048 --> 00:37:42,860 PRODUCTION. HE DIDN'T PIONEER THE RAP, BUT HE PIONEERED A CERTAIN ENERGY FOR IT TO BE 282 00:37:42,927 --> 00:37:45,496 FOR IT TO BE ♪ ♪ >> RUBIN LEFT DEF JAM IN 1988 283 00:37:45,563 --> 00:37:52,837 AND SET UP SHOP IN CALIFORNIA. ♪ ♪ >> PRODUCING SLAYER AND OTHER 284 00:37:52,903 --> 00:37:57,708 HEF OF HEAVY METAL BANDS AND WELL-ESTABLISHED ARTISTS. JOHNNY CASH CREDITED HIM WITH 285 00:37:57,775 --> 00:38:02,446 REVIVING HIS CAREER. >> THE FIRST TIME I WAS SEEN WAS AT A DINNER THEATER IN ORANGE COUNTY. 286 00:38:02,513 --> 00:38:08,586 IT JUST SEEMED LIKE THE WORLD HAD PASSED HIM BY, AND HE BELIEVED THE WORLD HAD PASSED HIM BY. 287 00:38:08,653 --> 00:38:17,862 >> RUBIN LOOKED AROUND FOR LYRICS THAT WOULD SUIT THE MAN IN BLACK. HE PICKED A NINE INCH NAILS SONG 288 00:38:17,928 --> 00:38:28,039 CALLED "HURT." CASH MADE IT HIS OWN. ♪ I HURT MYSELF TODAY ♪ ♪ TO SEE IF I STILL FEEL ♪ 289 00:38:28,105 --> 00:38:34,812 >> WOW. THAT'S INCREDIBLE. >> IT SOUNDED HONEST. >> IT'S BRUTALLY HONEST. 290 00:38:34,879 --> 00:38:44,655 >> IT'S BRUTALLY HONEST. IT'S BRUTALLY HONEST. >> "HURT" BECAME JOHNNY CASH'S MOST POPULAR SONGS AND OVER THE 291 00:38:44,722 --> 00:38:51,062 COURSE OF SEVEN DECADES MADE MUSIC TOGETHER. >> HE SHOWS UP IN REAL GENRES AND HELPS THE REAL SOUND OF THE 292 00:38:51,128 --> 00:38:56,867 GENRES EMERGE. >> YEAH. RICK RUBIN HAS OLD BEEN A LITTLE BRUCE LEE ZENNISH. 293 00:38:56,934 --> 00:39:03,474 I CAN'T HELP YOU, BUT I CAN HELP YOU EXPLORE YOURSELF, THAT TYPE OF THING. >> CHUCK D, LIKE THE REST OF US, 294 00:39:03,541 --> 00:39:13,818 IS STILL TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW RICK RUBIN DOES WHAT HE >> RICK WAS ON THE COUCH AND I WAS IN THE BOOTH AND WONDERING 295 00:39:13,884 --> 00:39:19,724 WAS HE ASLEEP OR WHAT? MAKES A COUPLE OF SUGGESTIONS BOOM, BOOM, BOOM AND SURE ENOUGH IT UNFOLDS HIMSELF. 296 00:39:19,790 --> 00:39:25,896 THE DUDE -- JUST DID SOME RICK RUBIN [ BLEEP ] TO US. [ LAUGHTER ] >> WE WATCHED HIM DO THAT WITH 297 00:39:25,963 --> 00:39:30,234 POP SINGER KESHA. >> I THINK WE SHOULD DOUBLE THAT ONE. >> WHATEVER YOU LIKE. 298 00:39:30,301 --> 00:39:38,676 >> LET'S HEAR IT. >> SHE WAS RECORDING WITH A GOSPEL CHOIR. ♪ HOLY LIGHT ♪ 299 00:39:38,743 --> 00:39:45,483 ♪ ♪ ♪ HOLY LIGHT ♪ 300 00:39:45,549 --> 00:39:52,723 ♪ ♪ >> RICK, WHAT DO YOU THINK? >> IF WE WANT TO PUT IT INTO THE 301 00:39:52,790 --> 00:39:56,827 SONG WE CAN CHOP IT UP. >> THIS WAS HIS FIRST TIME BEING GUIDED BY THE GURU. ♪ 302 00:39:56,894 --> 00:40:06,303 ♪ >> WORKING WITH HIM HAS BEEN GENUINELY LIFE CHANGING. RICK GAVE ME HOMEWORK ASSIGN 303 00:40:06,370 --> 00:40:10,341 AMS. >> WHAT ARE HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS? >> I WAS WRITING A SONG AND 304 00:40:10,407 --> 00:40:16,247 COULD AREN'T ARTICULATE WHAT I NEEDED TO SAY. HE SAID GO HOME AND WRITE A FULL ESSAY ABOUT EVERYTHING YOU NEED 305 00:40:16,313 --> 00:40:24,421 TO SAY UNTIL YOU CAN'T WRITE ANYMORE AND THEN THE SONG KIND OF STARTED FORMING ITSELF. >> SO HE'S NOT SAYING LET'S MAKE 306 00:40:24,488 --> 00:40:32,496 A GOLD RECORD THAT'S GOING TO DO THIS IN SALES. >> GOD, NO. MUSIC -- I JUST WANT TO MAKE 307 00:40:32,563 --> 00:40:38,969 GOOD MUSIC. I WAS, LIKE, THAT'S SO CRAZY. >> THE AUDIENCE COMES LAST. >> HOW CAN THAT BE? 308 00:40:39,036 --> 00:40:44,208 >> THE AUDIENCE DOESN'T KNOW WHAT THEY WANT. THE AUDIENCE ONLY KNOWS WHAT'S COME BEFORE. 309 00:40:44,275 --> 00:40:53,918 >> ISN'T THE WHOLE MUSIC BUSINESS BUILT AROUND TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT SOMEBODY LIKES? >> MAYBE FOR SOMEONE ELSE IT IS, 310 00:40:53,984 --> 00:40:57,588 BUT IT'S NOT FOR ME. ♪ ♪ >> MAKING MUSIC IS, OF COURSE, A 311 00:40:57,655 --> 00:41:06,297 BUSINESS. WHETHER HE'S WORKING WITH MALIAN SINGER, KESHA, OR JOHNNY CASH, RICK RUBIN INSISTS FOR HIM IT'S 312 00:41:06,363 --> 00:41:10,000 ALWAYS BEEN A DEEPLY, MOBILE PURSUIT. ♪ ♪ 313 00:41:10,067 --> 00:41:18,209 >> TRYING TO TAP INTO A FEELING. WE'RE TRYING TO TAP INTO SOMETHING THAT MAKES YOU WANT TO LEAN FORWARD AND PAY MORE 314 00:41:18,275 --> 00:41:24,548 ATTENTION, AND I'M GIVING CUES TO LOOK FOR IN YOURSELF BECAUSE IT ALL HAS TO DO WITH THE ARTIST. 315 00:41:24,615 --> 00:41:29,119 >> BUT, I MEAN, THAT DOES SOUND VERY SPIRITUAL. >> IT IS. NO, IT IS. 316 00:41:29,186 --> 00:41:38,629 THE WHOLE THING IS SPIRITUAL. IT'S MAGIC. >> AND YOU DON'T WANT SOMEBODY WHO LISTENING TO MUSIC TO THINK 317 00:41:38,696 --> 00:41:43,534 O OH, THAT'S A RICK RUBIN RECORD. >> NO. I WANT THEM TO SAY THIS IS THE 318 00:41:43,601 --> 00:41:59,483 BEST THING I'VE EVER HEARD AND NOT KNOW WHY. >> FOR A LOOK AT HOW "60 MINUTES" REPORTS ITS 319 00:41:59,550 --> 00:42:15,866 >> I'M SCOTT PELLEY. STICK AROUND. A SPECIAL >>> MAY NAME IS NORAH, HOW ARE 320 00:42:15,933 --> 00:42:20,304 YOU DOING? WE TRAVEL TO STORIES AND WE CAN BE THEIR EYES AND WE CAN BE THEIR EARS. 321 00:42:20,371 --> 00:42:26,911 >> THE AMOUNT OF DEVASTATION IS UNFATHOMABLE. >> WE LOST IT ALL. >> OH, MY GOD. 322 00:42:26,977 --> 00:42:31,749 I'M SO SORRY. >> THAT HUMAN CONNECTION IS INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT. >> WE LISTEN TO A DIVERSE GROUP 323 00:42:31,815 --> 00:42:37,688 OF PEOPLE AND PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT VIEWPOINTS. >> YOU HAVE SPINAL ISSUES AND YOU CAN HIT THE BALL THAT FAR. 324 00:42:37,755 --> 00:42:43,227 >> THAT'S SO INCREDIBLE. >> THE NEWS DOESN'T HAVE TO BE DEPRESSING. >> TELL ME WHAT YOU LOVE ABOUT 325 00:42:43,294 --> 00:42:46,764 RUNNING? >> ENERGY! >> ENERGY! >> IT CAN BE UPLIFTING. 326 00:42:46,830 --> 00:42:49,867 WE ARE HARD NEWS WITH HEART. ♪ ♪