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(ominous string music)

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- The current system has
to go through a collapse

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unless you believe that
infinite growth is possible

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on a finite planet.

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The system is growth
dependent, so there's gonna be

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a collapse in one form or another.

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- If you just look at
what's happening in terms of

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deforestation, resource
overconsumption, waste streams

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and climate change, and I
mean, these are all phenomena

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that are brought about
by our overconsumption,

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overexploitation of resources.

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(unsettling music)

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- We have to leave 80% at
least of the fossil fuel

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that we know about and that
we know we could make money

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digging up, we have to
leave it in the ground

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for the entire century at least.

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- [Man] The ecological crisis
comes from treating the earth

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as an other, as just a bunch of stuff.

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- We've been so powerful and
we've impacted on so much

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of the wild world around us
that if we don't do something

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fairly soon, the wild world
is going to consume us.

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(eerie string music)

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- You know, these are the
massive issues, climate change,

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energy and food, all of these
things that are converging

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on us and yet, you know, you
pick up the paper every day

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and there'll be nothing about this stuff.

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- If you look at our
global economic system,

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I'd guess you'd have to
first think of it as a system

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by accident, nobody sat
down and designed this thing

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and in a lot of ways,
it's sort of the worst

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of all possible combinations,
because what you have

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is something that is supposed
to be based in the real world

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but behaves as if it
were in a fantasy world.

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- It's really exploitive,
extractive, damaging,

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not only to people but to the environment

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and to the economy too.

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(somber music)

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I think we're heading
for some very deep water

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if we don't make these changes.

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- Being sustainable is not
just a nice thing to do.

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Being unsustainable isn't
just a bit unfortunate.

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It is an existential
threat to our species.

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People don't seem to get that.

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We actually need to do something
about it or we're gone.

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- You've probably had
those moments of despair

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where you think it's just
hopeless and the world

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is always gonna be this way and
anything we do is not enough

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but there's also and I
would say that this is more

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of a heart knowing that understands that

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a more beautiful world is possible.

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(somber music)

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(atmospheric music)

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(gentle string music)

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(somber music)

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- The world is built on stories.

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Or even a story, a mythology.

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Every culture has a mythology

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that answers the deep questions

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like who am I, what is
a self, what's real,

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how does change happen,
what's the nature of reality?

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(string music)

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Every culture answers
that in a different way

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and the answers that our culture has

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and when I say our culture
I mean the dominant culture

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of this planet, the answers
that have worked and guided

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our culture for several hundred years now

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and to some extent thousands of years

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aren't working anymore,
we're facing a crisis

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in our basic way of making
meaning about the world

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and our understanding of
the recipe for living life

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and all of these things
are in a state of crisis.

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(somber string music)

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- The problems that we face
in terms of environmental

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condition, degradation,
overconsumption of resources,

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a lot of social justice
problems, really pretty much

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all stem from a common
cause and that's economics.

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(somber string music)

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The biggest problem it
has for us right now,

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the biggest implication it has for humans

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and pretty much everything
else on the planet

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is that it's causing a lot
of unsustainable growth,

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it's causing growth to
accelerate in a way that cannot

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be met by natural resources or
sinks on the planet we have.

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(somber string music)

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- The money system demands endless growth.

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It compels endless growth,
it encourages endless growth.

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So in other words, it
encourages the conversion

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of nature into property, into profits.

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- Now the problem with
this growth, of course,

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is that if the economy keeps growing,

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sooner or later it needs natural resources

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to support that growth.

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(bombs explode)

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(somber music)

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- One of the big flaws in
the current money system

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is interest, we would
probably only need to work

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half of the hours that we do

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and still be able to maintain
the same standard of living

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if it wasn't for interest.

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Interest is hidden in so many ways.

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The price of any goods and services,

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most businesses have loans
on which they pay interest

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and they don't pay interest, you do.

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I do.

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And so that means that we
have to work and work and work

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and exploit Mother Nature
as well in the process.

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Way more than would be necessary
if it wasn't for interest.

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(somber music)

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- For a lot of the things to keep running,

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keep the finance engine ticking
along and keep economies

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moving, we have to have
lots and lots of energy.

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(frenetic music)

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Energy for extracting natural resources,

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energy for shipping
things around the world,

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energy for manufacturing,
energy to promote them,

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energy to keep them going,
energy to maintain things

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so it's a lot of energy
used in the system.

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(somber music)

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- Fossil fuel energy
is energy from the sun

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that's been stored in plants
or other living things.

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And has been stored
under the ground usually

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for millions and millions of years.

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When you dig it up, you get
a free bonus, basically,

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you get this amazing wealth
of energy which you can do

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all kinds of creative
and amazing things with,

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but the problem is, is that
when it runs out, that's it,

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it's gone.

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The other aspect of that,
of course, is the process

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of getting it and digging
it up is both destructive

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and so expensive and
requires energy to do.

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(frenetic music)

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- Peak oil is a concept
that is quite simple.

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What it means is that you have
a finite amount of something

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and if you consume it at
a steady rate, then...

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There kind of isn't a
peak, you just consume it,

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but if you consume it
with an increasing rate

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then you'll hit a point where
you can't increase anymore,

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that would be a peak,
and then the consumption

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would necessarily drop off in some way.

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(somber music)

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- The energy return on
investment from fossil fuels

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when we first discovered it was so big

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and that's why we have the
abundance that we have now,

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as just that free energy
and we've been having this

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crazy party for a hundred
years now on fossil fuels,

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it's just a crazy binge that we've been on

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and we're at the end of the
binge now because the energy

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return on investment is
dwindling all the time.

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That's how our food system works.

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We talked about this green
revolution that would feed

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all these people, but it's
not a green revolution.

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It's an oil revolution.

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(somber music)

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- The entire system is hugely
dependent on fossil fuels.

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You pull those out and I
guarantee you within days

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the whole thing is gonna fall down.

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(somber music)

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- If you take into account
fossil fuels and the transport,

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the tilling, everything,
the packaging, the movement,

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the whole food system that we
have in the developed world,

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so called developed world, then...

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You know, there's at least 10
units of energy for every one

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we get out of it.

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- Basing a food production
system that's meant

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to feed the world on something
which is temporary...

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Brings obvious problems.

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As a result of that is the
huge loss of biodiversity and

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while not a lot of people
care about bugs and all this

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other stuff, biodiversity is critical.

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So when you strip that
away by having what we call

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monocultures, then you
get massive problems.

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With monocultures, we are
talking about growing one crop

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or farming one animal and
you don't see that in nature.

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Nature doesn't work that way.

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It's evolved diversity for resilience.

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When you take that away, these
systems become really brittle

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and they're very prone to breaking.

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Now we kind of stave off
the worst of those effects

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or we try to with fossil fuel inputs.

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We put in fertilizers, we put
in herbicides, fungicides,

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pesticides, we go to great
lengths to try and protect

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these very fragile food
production systems.

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(somber music)

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I think what a lot of
people don't realize is that

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our food system is incredibly vulnerable.

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We do a pretty good job most
of the time of getting food

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where it needs to go, managing
supplies, managing surplus,

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transportation, all that sort of stuff,

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but it is quite vulnerable
to major upsets,

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all kinds of crises,
particularly economic crises.

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(eerie string music)

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If the shops, the
supermarkets, stop selling food

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for three days for some
reason, how would you survive?

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What would that be like?

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How would that feel?

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What would you do?

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You know, it's happened to me
in a major city just one day

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and it really made me
think, you begin to realize

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that there is a series of
things that all need to be

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in place and all need to
be functioning properly

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all the time for things to run smoothly.

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In a world of increasing
climate volatility

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and the economic pressures
that that can bring,

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it's really easy to see how a
bad situation could develop.

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- So this is the kind of scary
reality and it's coming fast

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unless we really, really
quickly change our food system

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and how we do it, you know,
then there's gonna be huge

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impacts on humans, and on the
other animals on the planet.

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(somber string music)

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- To a certain extent, people
who really do understand

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the problem of climate change
and resources and equity,

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it's really easy to get focused
on the miracle technology

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solution to that because
that's what we do,

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that's what society's asking us to do.

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- I think if technology could have

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solved all of our problems

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then it would have already
solved all of our problems.

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Theoretically we already
have all of the technology

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we need to live beautifully
on earth and beautifully

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with each other, but we have not lived

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beautifully on earth and
beautifully with each other

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so something else has to happen.

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(somber music)

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- 100 years from now,
every solar panel we build

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will be rubbish, it'll be toxic
waste, in fact, somewhere,

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I hope somebody figures
out what to do with it.

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Every windmill we build now
won't be running anymore.

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Hopefully a lot of it'll
be recycled, I don't know.

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But the carbon we put in
the air will still be there.

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(somber music)

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You're never gonna have
air travel with renewables,

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you're never gonna have
steel with renewables.

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You're never gonna have
electronics with renewables

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'cause you need diesel so making sure

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that you leave some diesel for later

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is kind of important.

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I'm not disillusioned with
solar or wind or anything.

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I know that the substitution
of those things for

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fossil fuels isn't possible,

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so as long as we keep
telling ourselves the story

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that it is, we aren't
actually doing the thing

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we have to do which is to
just leave the stuff in

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the ground, which means
what, there's only one thing

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you can do then, which
is to use less of it.

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(somber music)

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If there's an industrial
civilization out there

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a couple centuries from now, then...

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They're using fossil fuel.

249
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Tiny amounts of it.

250
00:16:43,870 --> 00:16:46,520
And they're using renewable energy

251
00:16:46,520 --> 00:16:48,630
and that renewable energy they are using

252
00:16:48,630 --> 00:16:51,403
is hydro and geothermal.

253
00:16:53,240 --> 00:16:57,220
And wood that they are
harvesting and husbanding

254
00:16:57,220 --> 00:17:00,840
very, very carefully
and what we notice most

255
00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:05,840
about them is how little they're
using of most everything.

256
00:17:08,350 --> 00:17:10,720
That's what has to
happen, it doesn't matter

257
00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:13,610
how many solar panels
you ever put on anything.

258
00:17:13,610 --> 00:17:16,150
The only thing that
matters is leaving the coal

259
00:17:16,150 --> 00:17:18,642
in the ground, leaving
the oil in the ground,

260
00:17:18,642 --> 00:17:20,070
leaving the gas in the ground, all of it

261
00:17:20,070 --> 00:17:23,630
and planting back every bit of
forest that you possibly can.

262
00:17:23,630 --> 00:17:26,078
That's the only thing that matters.

263
00:17:26,078 --> 00:17:28,661
(somber music)

264
00:17:38,602 --> 00:17:41,788
- The history of civilization

265
00:17:41,788 --> 00:17:46,788
has been kind of like a
history of an increasing power

266
00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:49,480
to dominate and control the other,

267
00:17:49,480 --> 00:17:53,230
the cultural other and
also the natural other.

268
00:17:53,230 --> 00:17:55,980
(frenetic music)

269
00:18:31,889 --> 00:18:35,303
And this was supposed
to bring us into utopia.

270
00:18:35,303 --> 00:18:37,773
We were supposed to
live in paradise by now,

271
00:18:39,033 --> 00:18:41,170
a paradise of electrified
comfort, robot servants,

272
00:18:41,170 --> 00:18:44,610
space colonies, artificial
food, infinite lifespans,

273
00:18:44,610 --> 00:18:46,270
et cetera, et cetera.

274
00:18:46,270 --> 00:18:49,630
The breakdown that's happening
today in part is happening

275
00:18:49,630 --> 00:18:53,510
because this glorious
promise of technology

276
00:18:53,510 --> 00:18:57,485
and also social engineering
was never fulfilled

277
00:18:57,485 --> 00:18:59,900
and in fact things are
getting worse and worse

278
00:18:59,900 --> 00:19:03,410
and in fact our technologies of control

279
00:19:03,410 --> 00:19:07,013
now look to be seeding our destruction.

280
00:19:09,729 --> 00:19:13,113
The breakdown of the ecological
basis of civilization.

281
00:19:13,113 --> 00:19:15,696
(somber music)

282
00:19:24,300 --> 00:19:27,470
We don't know anymore what the answer is.

283
00:19:27,470 --> 00:19:29,070
We don't know who we are.

284
00:19:29,070 --> 00:19:32,580
We don't even know what's
real because on every level,

285
00:19:32,580 --> 00:19:36,153
the story that answered those
questions is breaking down,

286
00:19:37,050 --> 00:19:41,300
politically, economically and
especially technologically

287
00:19:41,300 --> 00:19:44,610
and in our relationship to
nature so that leaves us

288
00:19:44,610 --> 00:19:49,610
not knowing and it leaves
us open to another story.

289
00:19:49,689 --> 00:19:52,272
(somber music)

290
00:20:18,048 --> 00:20:20,715
(hopeful music)

291
00:20:31,360 --> 00:20:36,360
- If we want to solve health
crisis, food quality issues,

292
00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:43,657
economic issues, we really
have to change the system

293
00:20:43,657 --> 00:20:46,160
and the infrastructure of the
system and we have to create

294
00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:47,846
our own infrastructure.

295
00:20:47,846 --> 00:20:50,596
(cheerful music)

296
00:20:58,740 --> 00:21:01,050
I've been studying
sustainable farming systems

297
00:21:01,050 --> 00:21:03,120
for over 25 years.

298
00:21:03,120 --> 00:21:07,830
There are no real issues,
we can solve all of them.

299
00:21:07,830 --> 00:21:11,980
There are really easy
answers to grow food quality

300
00:21:11,980 --> 00:21:14,980
and do that with good environmental care.

301
00:21:14,980 --> 00:21:16,073
That's the easy bit.

302
00:21:19,870 --> 00:21:23,860
We are in the position to do it properly

303
00:21:23,860 --> 00:21:28,060
because of the CSA, our
members allow us to create

304
00:21:28,060 --> 00:21:32,340
that diversity, that other
old system doesn't allow

305
00:21:32,340 --> 00:21:34,393
you to create that diversity.

306
00:21:37,320 --> 00:21:39,833
- CSA stands for community
supported agriculture.

307
00:21:43,662 --> 00:21:47,600
It means that a farmer starts growing food

308
00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:51,820
and growing food, there's
a lot of unknowns in there

309
00:21:51,820 --> 00:21:53,597
and you have to start at
the beginning of the season

310
00:21:53,597 --> 00:21:56,733
and you don't know for
whatever reason if you're gonna

311
00:21:56,733 --> 00:21:59,930
harvest all the things
that you plan to harvest,

312
00:21:59,930 --> 00:22:02,983
that you started sowing months back.

313
00:22:07,838 --> 00:22:10,278
So the idea is that a group
of people support a farmer

314
00:22:10,278 --> 00:22:13,153
so the farmer knows he's got an outlet.

315
00:22:14,340 --> 00:22:18,730
And the members that we have,
they know that every week

316
00:22:18,730 --> 00:22:21,100
they're gonna get a box
of healthy fresh foods

317
00:22:21,100 --> 00:22:24,023
that have been harvested
just before they got them.

318
00:22:28,020 --> 00:22:31,107
For us it means we have
stability in the fact that

319
00:22:31,107 --> 00:22:34,570
the plants we sow, that they are sold.

320
00:22:34,570 --> 00:22:38,350
We don't have the issue of food waste.

321
00:22:38,350 --> 00:22:41,540
Because if a broccoli is
small and it normally wouldn't

322
00:22:41,540 --> 00:22:44,453
be able to go to a supermarket,
we can give people two.

323
00:22:46,641 --> 00:22:49,391
(cheerful music)

324
00:22:52,090 --> 00:22:55,230
- As a farmer, you want
to create healthy soils

325
00:22:55,230 --> 00:22:58,460
and healthy plants and
healthy animals and further up

326
00:22:58,460 --> 00:23:02,855
the food chain, you make
sure that you create a soil

327
00:23:02,855 --> 00:23:06,582
that invites the right sets of microbes.

328
00:23:06,582 --> 00:23:09,332
(cheerful music)

329
00:23:11,510 --> 00:23:15,840
That for us means we have
soil which is the mineral

330
00:23:15,840 --> 00:23:19,360
component, in the soil
we've got the microorganisms

331
00:23:19,360 --> 00:23:22,670
which are governing the
system, we just create

332
00:23:22,670 --> 00:23:25,810
a habitat for them, then
you got the plants growing

333
00:23:25,810 --> 00:23:29,579
out of there, be it annuals,
perennials, and trees.

334
00:23:29,579 --> 00:23:32,329
(cheerful music)

335
00:23:34,476 --> 00:23:37,590
Then amongst that you've got
the insects living in there

336
00:23:37,590 --> 00:23:42,590
and then we've incorporated
pigs, sheep, cows, ducks,

337
00:23:44,789 --> 00:23:49,090
geese, and I'm sure we're
forgetting a few bits and bobs

338
00:23:49,090 --> 00:23:52,118
and every single item adds value.

339
00:23:52,118 --> 00:23:54,868
(cheerful music)

340
00:24:00,234 --> 00:24:03,560
- So on the closed loop systems
they will have tree crops

341
00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:06,110
and all that, nuts,
fruit, that kind of thing

342
00:24:06,110 --> 00:24:09,003
happening on the fringes
or in shelter belts.

343
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:14,970
A whole really diverse approach to farming

344
00:24:14,970 --> 00:24:19,151
that is way more sustainable
but also it closes

345
00:24:19,151 --> 00:24:22,350
that nitrogen, that fertilizer loop

346
00:24:22,350 --> 00:24:25,508
so you don't have to bring
it in from the outside.

347
00:24:25,508 --> 00:24:27,050
You just don't waste it.

348
00:24:27,050 --> 00:24:29,800
(cheerful music)

349
00:24:37,030 --> 00:24:41,160
- While eating less meat is a
really important thing to do

350
00:24:41,160 --> 00:24:44,040
it's important to recognize
that you can't have

351
00:24:44,040 --> 00:24:45,973
a healthy ecosystem without animals.

352
00:24:46,900 --> 00:24:50,040
A truly environmentally friendly

353
00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:53,130
and ecologically healthy
food production system

354
00:24:53,130 --> 00:24:55,680
must have animals because
when you take animals out

355
00:24:56,798 --> 00:24:59,390
of that system, all the
jobs that those animals did

356
00:24:59,390 --> 00:25:01,590
in that functioning ecosystem
now needs to be done

357
00:25:01,590 --> 00:25:05,673
some other way, whether
that's by people or chemicals.

358
00:25:07,850 --> 00:25:12,360
The health of these food
production system is supported by

359
00:25:12,360 --> 00:25:15,670
the natural and healthy
interaction between plants

360
00:25:15,670 --> 00:25:20,237
and animals and that can take
the form of pest control,

361
00:25:20,237 --> 00:25:24,957
fertility cycles, there's
lots of interactions

362
00:25:24,957 --> 00:25:29,957
between animals and plants
which we can and should use to

363
00:25:31,200 --> 00:25:34,913
support a healthy and resilient
food production system.

364
00:25:36,360 --> 00:25:39,060
So really what that boils
down to is we need to eat

365
00:25:39,060 --> 00:25:43,320
less meat, we don't cut
it out, but the best thing

366
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:48,078
that anyone can do is try
and find producers that are

367
00:25:48,078 --> 00:25:50,640
operating systems which are looking after

368
00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:53,220
the health of their environment,
including the animals

369
00:25:53,220 --> 00:25:54,220
and supporting them.

370
00:25:55,198 --> 00:25:57,698
(eerie music)

371
00:26:08,913 --> 00:26:11,663
(cheerful music)

372
00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:22,207
- What comes out the back end
of a worm is really good stuff

373
00:26:23,208 --> 00:26:24,548
and then it's just really cool just seeing

374
00:26:24,548 --> 00:26:29,300
this high field of fungus
and it's just growing

375
00:26:29,300 --> 00:26:31,988
on the surface of the soil.

376
00:26:31,988 --> 00:26:34,738
(cheerful music)

377
00:26:40,546 --> 00:26:42,380
And so holistic grazing is a
management technique that's

378
00:26:42,380 --> 00:26:45,620
been devised by a
Zimbabwean man, Alan Savory,

379
00:26:45,620 --> 00:26:49,830
and he was observing the
large herds of buffalo

380
00:26:49,830 --> 00:26:51,840
in Africa and the bison in north America

381
00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:55,580
and just massive herds of ruminant animals

382
00:26:55,580 --> 00:26:58,210
and these animals were
constantly on the move

383
00:26:58,210 --> 00:27:00,700
'cause there's generally
some lions or something

384
00:27:00,700 --> 00:27:03,310
just on their back and
wanting to pick off any

385
00:27:03,310 --> 00:27:04,373
of the weak ones.

386
00:27:07,020 --> 00:27:09,470
We have large amounts of
cattle that are shifted

387
00:27:09,470 --> 00:27:12,620
every day but instead
of lions keeping them

388
00:27:12,620 --> 00:27:15,046
bunched together, we have electric fences

389
00:27:15,046 --> 00:27:18,780
and each day they're going to fresh grass

390
00:27:18,780 --> 00:27:21,870
and it's long grass and so
they're not eating it all.

391
00:27:21,870 --> 00:27:23,550
Some of it's getting
trampled and with the dung

392
00:27:23,550 --> 00:27:26,420
and urine and that,
that's just all forming

393
00:27:26,420 --> 00:27:29,383
that kind of compost heap on the ground.

394
00:27:32,930 --> 00:27:34,260
Other farms might be
looking at us and saying,

395
00:27:34,260 --> 00:27:35,970
well, you're just wasting all that grass

396
00:27:35,970 --> 00:27:38,210
'cause it's dry and
stalky and what have you,

397
00:27:38,210 --> 00:27:42,530
but my reply is that
waste is a human concept.

398
00:27:42,530 --> 00:27:47,480
Nature doesn't do waste and
so we're using that pasture

399
00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:50,523
as part of our first fertilizer program

400
00:27:50,523 --> 00:27:51,710
because that's what's
getting put down on the soil

401
00:27:51,710 --> 00:27:54,827
and broken down and
going back into the soil.

402
00:27:54,827 --> 00:27:57,577
(cheerful music)

403
00:28:02,320 --> 00:28:05,680
When the grass is grazed and
with the holistic long grazing

404
00:28:05,680 --> 00:28:09,050
system, it gets cut
off short by the animal

405
00:28:09,050 --> 00:28:11,827
and it also sheds its roots at that time

406
00:28:11,827 --> 00:28:14,993
and that's what is releasing
carbon into the soil.

407
00:28:17,330 --> 00:28:18,950
And I guess one of the
most exciting things

408
00:28:18,950 --> 00:28:21,440
and drivers of what we're
doing is the potential

409
00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:24,010
that that has for...

410
00:28:24,010 --> 00:28:26,061
For helping with climate change issues.

411
00:28:26,061 --> 00:28:28,811
(cheerful music)

412
00:28:31,874 --> 00:28:33,200
Some of those CAFOs that
they call 'em in America

413
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,010
or the feed lot, cattle
fattening operations,

414
00:28:36,010 --> 00:28:39,276
are a climate disaster, but again,

415
00:28:39,276 --> 00:28:43,250
under this system, they are
sequestering more carbon

416
00:28:43,250 --> 00:28:46,793
and are part of a natural cycle
that is actually beneficial.

417
00:28:51,767 --> 00:28:53,350
Conventionally farmers, it's all about

418
00:28:53,350 --> 00:28:54,520
keeping the grass short

419
00:28:54,520 --> 00:28:57,690
in a vegetative state so
it's growing vigorously,

420
00:28:57,690 --> 00:29:01,020
and that system works
while you put on lots of

421
00:29:01,020 --> 00:29:03,780
imported fertilizers,
particularly phosphate fertilizers

422
00:29:03,780 --> 00:29:07,320
largely from North Africa and
a whole system that requires

423
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:09,740
digging up that fertilizer
and tracking it and then

424
00:29:09,740 --> 00:29:11,987
shipping it and then tracking
it and then processing it

425
00:29:11,987 --> 00:29:13,350
and then flying it.

426
00:29:13,350 --> 00:29:16,762
On the whole it's a system
that's not going to work and...

427
00:29:16,762 --> 00:29:19,293
In a future with less fossil fuels.

428
00:29:20,412 --> 00:29:23,162
(cheerful music)

429
00:29:25,980 --> 00:29:28,490
What we're doing at the farm
here is trying to reduce

430
00:29:28,490 --> 00:29:31,290
the amount of fossil fuel
that it takes to produce food.

431
00:29:33,842 --> 00:29:36,543
We've got the cattle going
around, we have hens following

432
00:29:36,543 --> 00:29:40,150
along behind the cattle,
there's pigs on this farm too

433
00:29:40,150 --> 00:29:43,760
and we're milking a few
dairy cows and all that

434
00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:48,760
is really about using a perennial
crop like grass, pasture

435
00:29:49,620 --> 00:29:52,360
with forage from trees
and that around as well

436
00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:57,180
so we can produce eggs
from the chooks and pork

437
00:29:57,180 --> 00:30:01,070
without relying on so
much of the annual grains

438
00:30:01,070 --> 00:30:03,740
and all the energy that's
involved in producing them

439
00:30:03,740 --> 00:30:07,830
so just trying to get the
fossil fuels out of our

440
00:30:07,830 --> 00:30:11,330
food system as much as
we can and producing

441
00:30:11,330 --> 00:30:12,840
healthy, natural food.

442
00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:15,590
(cheerful music)

443
00:30:18,310 --> 00:30:21,030
- The powerful thing is that
with regenerative agriculture

444
00:30:21,030 --> 00:30:23,660
we can not only produce food
and we can not only produce

445
00:30:23,660 --> 00:30:26,840
an abundance of food, but
we can do it in a way that

446
00:30:26,840 --> 00:30:30,800
regenerates the land, that
replenishes the aquifers,

447
00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:32,410
that sequesters carbon,

448
00:30:32,410 --> 00:30:34,513
that nurtures and supports biodiversity.

449
00:30:37,120 --> 00:30:41,630
Regenerative agriculture,
permaculture, holistic management,

450
00:30:41,630 --> 00:30:43,943
there's nothing magical about
the way that these things work

451
00:30:43,943 --> 00:30:48,710
It's all based upon sound
science and about having

452
00:30:48,710 --> 00:30:52,420
a point of view that is
looking at your ecosystem

453
00:30:52,420 --> 00:30:56,280
in its entirety, not just
individual aspects of it.

454
00:30:56,280 --> 00:31:00,140
So really what this breaks
down to is that anyone

455
00:31:00,140 --> 00:31:02,620
who's looking after land,
whether you're a farmer,

456
00:31:02,620 --> 00:31:06,819
a gardener, whatever,
you're an ecosystem manager.

457
00:31:06,819 --> 00:31:09,402
(gentle music)

458
00:31:28,510 --> 00:31:31,550
- My philosophy about
what to do in the world

459
00:31:31,550 --> 00:31:34,740
isn't to go to a pristine
area and live there

460
00:31:34,740 --> 00:31:38,910
and enjoy your life, it's to
find a place that's degraded

461
00:31:38,910 --> 00:31:39,823
and fix it up.

462
00:31:41,101 --> 00:31:43,684
(gentle music)

463
00:31:46,450 --> 00:31:48,940
- 23 years ago we started
developing the food forest

464
00:31:48,940 --> 00:31:49,773
system here.

465
00:31:51,260 --> 00:31:55,410
We've got 480 different
species of plant at last count.

466
00:31:55,410 --> 00:31:57,790
That doesn't include the 80
different types of apples

467
00:31:57,790 --> 00:32:00,570
and the 60 different types of gooseberries

468
00:32:00,570 --> 00:32:02,323
and it's lovely to have that diversity

469
00:32:02,323 --> 00:32:06,001
and it means that every time
there's things flowering,

470
00:32:06,001 --> 00:32:09,310
things giving fruit, you
know, fruit crops you can eat

471
00:32:09,310 --> 00:32:11,447
and so having diversity's
special and that's what makes

472
00:32:11,447 --> 00:32:13,353
a forest garden resilient.

473
00:32:14,257 --> 00:32:16,840
(gentle music)

474
00:32:18,400 --> 00:32:22,680
This property had been
abandoned for probably 40 years,

475
00:32:22,680 --> 00:32:25,543
no one lived here, an old house
had burned down on the spot.

476
00:32:28,700 --> 00:32:32,200
- And the top area, this area
where the house is now was

477
00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:36,843
completely covered in junk and
the remains of the old house.

478
00:32:36,843 --> 00:32:40,092
Most people would have not
even crossed the threshold

479
00:32:40,092 --> 00:32:42,880
of the property to have a
look at that, I don't think,

480
00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:45,937
because it doesn't look very
appealing but to us it did

481
00:32:45,937 --> 00:32:49,020
because I thought, well for
one thing, nobody wants it

482
00:32:49,020 --> 00:32:52,000
so it's probably going
to be cheap and it was,

483
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:55,558
cheap to buy and secondly
I thought I can fix this.

484
00:32:55,558 --> 00:32:58,141
(gentle music)

485
00:32:59,841 --> 00:33:02,820
- A food forest is a permanent planting,

486
00:33:02,820 --> 00:33:05,150
so you want to set up
just a like a fire system,

487
00:33:05,150 --> 00:33:08,567
so a fire system can
always be the big trees

488
00:33:08,567 --> 00:33:10,670
and the middle sized trees
and the bottom layer,

489
00:33:10,670 --> 00:33:13,830
the ground layer, they
work together, some plants

490
00:33:13,830 --> 00:33:15,840
cap some minerals and give others back

491
00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:17,413
and another one does something else.

492
00:33:20,480 --> 00:33:24,240
- Growing out in the forest
garden, aside from the native

493
00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:27,250
trees which I used as a
framework or a platform

494
00:33:27,250 --> 00:33:29,800
for building everything
else and those provide me

495
00:33:29,800 --> 00:33:32,730
with shelter from the
wind and also nest sites

496
00:33:32,730 --> 00:33:36,440
for the birds and the birds
are a really important player

497
00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:38,860
in the management of
the garden and the cork

498
00:33:38,860 --> 00:33:42,038
or the cabbage trees that
I've got growing there

499
00:33:42,038 --> 00:33:44,750
and the starlings nest
in almost all of them

500
00:33:44,750 --> 00:33:47,440
and those starlings as they're
feeding their youngers,

501
00:33:47,440 --> 00:33:51,060
their babies, are flying out
and finding any soft bodied

502
00:33:51,060 --> 00:33:54,219
caterpillar or grub they can
so there's our pest management

503
00:33:54,219 --> 00:33:56,052
or that kind of thing.

504
00:33:58,619 --> 00:34:01,476
And then as an understory or
the second layer down to that

505
00:34:01,476 --> 00:34:03,800
we have our fruit tree layer
which is our heritage apples

506
00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:07,783
and pears and plums and
nectarines and peaches, apricots.

507
00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:14,500
And then below that a layer
of berry fruits and currants,

508
00:34:14,500 --> 00:34:17,900
red currants, black currants,
white currants, gooseberries,

509
00:34:17,900 --> 00:34:21,027
woosterberries, all of
those sorts of shrubby...

510
00:34:22,890 --> 00:34:25,053
Plants that like to
grow in the semi shade.

511
00:34:27,090 --> 00:34:31,250
And then wrapping around
all of that are the biennial

512
00:34:31,250 --> 00:34:33,710
and perennial herbs,
some of which are edible,

513
00:34:33,710 --> 00:34:36,081
some of which are medicinal,
and then below that

514
00:34:36,081 --> 00:34:41,081
there are bulbs and root crops
that grow such as parsnips

515
00:34:42,057 --> 00:34:46,160
and wild carrots, those kinds of things

516
00:34:46,160 --> 00:34:48,950
and then winding their way
up through these things

517
00:34:48,950 --> 00:34:51,760
are vines like grape vines and kiwi fruit

518
00:34:51,760 --> 00:34:55,270
and mint and gooseberries
and hops and all sorts

519
00:34:55,270 --> 00:34:57,830
of things which kind of
bind everything together

520
00:34:57,830 --> 00:35:00,669
and tie the forest together.

521
00:35:00,669 --> 00:35:03,252
(gentle music)

522
00:35:06,030 --> 00:35:08,540
- That's so peaceful when you walk about.

523
00:35:08,540 --> 00:35:11,610
It's just all different flowers
and the energy in action,

524
00:35:11,610 --> 00:35:13,970
all the insects and the
birds have their own life

525
00:35:13,970 --> 00:35:16,477
and so the birds are doing all
their thing up in the trees

526
00:35:16,477 --> 00:35:17,340
and coming down and
feeding and the insects

527
00:35:17,340 --> 00:35:20,000
are flying around and having babies

528
00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:21,510
and flying off on missions.

529
00:35:21,510 --> 00:35:25,441
It's like being in an
another universe, really,

530
00:35:25,441 --> 00:35:27,680
it's just amazing, it's
to me how life should be

531
00:35:27,680 --> 00:35:29,483
with livingness and interconnectedness,

532
00:35:29,483 --> 00:35:31,993
all the plants and the bees and the herbs.

533
00:35:32,961 --> 00:35:35,660
(gentle music)

534
00:35:35,660 --> 00:35:39,550
- In a forest garden like
ours, the major player is

535
00:35:39,550 --> 00:35:42,247
wildness, is, you know, the natural world

536
00:35:42,247 --> 00:35:44,400
and all those things that happen in there

537
00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:49,140
and my job is just to kind of
mold that to suit our purposes

538
00:35:49,140 --> 00:35:50,163
to a certain extent.

539
00:35:53,900 --> 00:35:56,630
We are not separate from the world.

540
00:35:56,630 --> 00:35:59,343
We are as wild as it is.

541
00:36:00,619 --> 00:36:04,840
But we've worked towards a
form that is not fitting in

542
00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:06,750
with the wild world at all well

543
00:36:06,750 --> 00:36:10,990
and it's going to realign us fairly soon

544
00:36:10,990 --> 00:36:14,230
in my view unless we can recognize

545
00:36:14,230 --> 00:36:18,598
that we need to be fully
integrated into that world.

546
00:36:18,598 --> 00:36:21,181
(gentle music)

547
00:36:29,570 --> 00:36:32,257
- People in indigenous
societies and tribal societies

548
00:36:32,257 --> 00:36:37,257
or in agrarian villages,
they were enmeshed in

549
00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:42,090
a matrix of relationship that
gave them a strong identity.

550
00:36:42,090 --> 00:36:44,870
Everybody who they saw on a daily basis

551
00:36:44,870 --> 00:36:46,193
knew them really well.

552
00:36:49,690 --> 00:36:53,670
And we also were in intimate
connection with the land,

553
00:36:53,670 --> 00:36:56,460
we knew every plant,
every animal, every bird,

554
00:36:56,460 --> 00:36:59,740
we knew its song and when
it sang and what bugs it ate

555
00:36:59,740 --> 00:37:02,430
and where those bugs lived
and what the soil smells like

556
00:37:02,430 --> 00:37:04,350
where the bugs live and
what plants grow there

557
00:37:04,350 --> 00:37:06,310
and what medicine plants are used for.

558
00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:09,433
We were in this web of inter-being.

559
00:37:10,960 --> 00:37:14,323
We felt as if we were
at home in the universe.

560
00:37:15,890 --> 00:37:18,930
That is missing in our current society.

561
00:37:18,930 --> 00:37:22,462
We're surrounded by a sea of
strangers, people that we know

562
00:37:22,462 --> 00:37:25,278
only very superficially, if at all.

563
00:37:25,278 --> 00:37:27,778
(eerie music)

564
00:37:38,220 --> 00:37:39,887
- For Maori people, the
ancestors and the land

565
00:37:39,887 --> 00:37:43,243
are all part of one,
we come from the land.

566
00:37:43,243 --> 00:37:48,080
And most people, humans on
the planet relate to land

567
00:37:48,080 --> 00:37:50,365
one way or another
because they belong to it

568
00:37:50,365 --> 00:37:53,200
and they forge their own
identity out of it as well

569
00:37:54,122 --> 00:37:56,053
and that will always continue to happen.

570
00:37:58,318 --> 00:38:01,850
It's like a biological bond
between a mother and a child.

571
00:38:01,850 --> 00:38:03,590
You can't break it.

572
00:38:03,590 --> 00:38:08,197
That bond is enforced with the
genealogy of the ancestors,

573
00:38:08,197 --> 00:38:12,280
the families, grandparents,
there's emotion stored

574
00:38:12,280 --> 00:38:15,341
in that person that they
feel they belong here.

575
00:38:15,341 --> 00:38:18,091
(acoustic music)

576
00:38:24,381 --> 00:38:26,830
- Interbeing is a very
natural term, it means more

577
00:38:26,830 --> 00:38:30,264
than interconnection or
interdependency, which kind of

578
00:38:30,264 --> 00:38:34,100
suggests separate selves
having relationships.

579
00:38:34,100 --> 00:38:36,930
Interbeing is more of an
understanding that we are

580
00:38:36,930 --> 00:38:41,930
relationship, that my very
existence depends or draws from

581
00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:43,923
or includes your existence.

582
00:38:43,923 --> 00:38:46,810
(people laugh)

583
00:38:46,810 --> 00:38:49,725
My wellbeing is intimately
connected to your wellbeing

584
00:38:49,725 --> 00:38:53,964
or to the wellbeing of
the river, the ocean,

585
00:38:53,964 --> 00:38:58,450
the forest, people across
the world and so forth

586
00:38:58,450 --> 00:39:00,500
because I'm not really separate from you.

587
00:39:03,020 --> 00:39:06,090
And that means that in
the story of inter being,

588
00:39:06,090 --> 00:39:08,830
I know that whatever I do to the world

589
00:39:08,830 --> 00:39:10,703
will come back to me somehow.

590
00:39:12,250 --> 00:39:16,550
So if our true being is the
totality of our relationships

591
00:39:16,550 --> 00:39:20,629
and includes everything in
the cosmos, if we are truly

592
00:39:20,629 --> 00:39:25,350
maybe a holographic mirror of all that is,

593
00:39:25,350 --> 00:39:30,350
then when we cut ourselves
off from any aspect of nature,

594
00:39:31,140 --> 00:39:34,083
other people, we create a
wound, we create a cutoff

595
00:39:34,083 --> 00:39:39,083
and this is painful and we
yearn to recover our wholeness.

596
00:39:42,720 --> 00:39:47,720
However, due to ideology,
due to the economic system

597
00:39:48,310 --> 00:39:50,960
that we're immersed in,
due to cultural factors,

598
00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:53,163
due to many, many, many reasons,

599
00:39:54,090 --> 00:39:56,621
the reunion that we long for

600
00:39:56,621 --> 00:39:58,793
is unavailable to us.

601
00:39:59,840 --> 00:40:04,160
That is good for business
because it drives consumerism,

602
00:40:04,160 --> 00:40:07,020
it drives acquisitiveness,
it drives greed,

603
00:40:07,020 --> 00:40:09,410
it drives all kinds of neurotic behaviors

604
00:40:09,410 --> 00:40:13,384
that seek to compensate for
the missing relationships.

605
00:40:13,384 --> 00:40:16,134
(acoustic music)

606
00:40:26,930 --> 00:40:30,980
- I felt myself being drawn
into this materialistic world

607
00:40:30,980 --> 00:40:33,390
because all the people that were around me

608
00:40:33,390 --> 00:40:36,740
had material possessions
and there was this wanting

609
00:40:36,740 --> 00:40:39,510
and creating of attachment
and wanting and wanting

610
00:40:39,510 --> 00:40:42,033
more stuff so I sort of got
swept into that in a way.

611
00:40:42,033 --> 00:40:44,783
(acoustic music)

612
00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:52,970
So yeah, I studied business
and I was involved in finance

613
00:40:52,970 --> 00:40:55,270
and more specifically the
stock market, so we used

614
00:40:55,270 --> 00:40:59,160
to help people manage their money and...

615
00:40:59,160 --> 00:41:02,470
One of the organizations I
worked with, we used to manage

616
00:41:02,470 --> 00:41:05,260
hundreds of millions
of dollars for people.

617
00:41:05,260 --> 00:41:09,210
I wasn't from that background,
from sort of a conservative

618
00:41:09,210 --> 00:41:13,060
sort of upbringing, then all
of a sudden, I'm involved with

619
00:41:13,060 --> 00:41:16,390
guys that are driving luxury
cars and living in expensive

620
00:41:16,390 --> 00:41:20,823
house in Sidney suburbs, it's
sort of a bit overwhelming.

621
00:41:22,410 --> 00:41:24,410
A lot of the guys that I had worked with,

622
00:41:24,410 --> 00:41:26,653
they were multimillionaires,

623
00:41:27,740 --> 00:41:30,820
but 20 million wasn't
enough, so they have to have

624
00:41:30,820 --> 00:41:34,790
the three cars, they have
to have the holiday home,

625
00:41:34,790 --> 00:41:38,890
they have to have a boat and
what happens is you can get

626
00:41:38,890 --> 00:41:41,050
trapped in that lifestyle, hey.

627
00:41:41,050 --> 00:41:43,800
(acoustic music)

628
00:41:47,550 --> 00:41:51,160
So the idea is to, you know, have...

629
00:41:52,030 --> 00:41:54,450
Native plants mixed among fruit trees

630
00:41:54,450 --> 00:41:57,770
so we've got natives here,
we've got a tamarilo here,

631
00:41:57,770 --> 00:42:01,020
we've got minook and canook
are in and piss borns,

632
00:42:01,020 --> 00:42:04,600
natives, we've got a cabbage tree here.

633
00:42:04,600 --> 00:42:08,326
This is a pine nut, so
those really expensive nuts

634
00:42:08,326 --> 00:42:11,530
you get in the supermarket,
this is one of those.

635
00:42:11,530 --> 00:42:14,360
It takes about 10 years
to get any fruit on it

636
00:42:14,360 --> 00:42:17,300
or any nuts, so that's a longterm project

637
00:42:17,300 --> 00:42:22,010
and then over here we've got
a fig tree which is fruiting

638
00:42:22,010 --> 00:42:26,330
quite nicely and then for
the monarch butterflies

639
00:42:26,330 --> 00:42:30,170
we've got a couple of swan
plants which they really enjoy

640
00:42:30,170 --> 00:42:34,683
and we might be lucky to
see one, here he comes now.

641
00:42:36,314 --> 00:42:39,150
It was only after Beth, my
wife and I, made the move

642
00:42:39,150 --> 00:42:42,192
to New Zealand, we'd just
had enough of the whole

643
00:42:42,192 --> 00:42:47,192
corporate life and we wanted
a slower, simpler lifestyle.

644
00:42:47,390 --> 00:42:50,540
It was then the realization
sort of hit home,

645
00:42:50,540 --> 00:42:54,100
I started to research more,
read, you know, hundreds

646
00:42:54,100 --> 00:42:57,020
of articles and watched
hundreds of documentaries

647
00:42:57,020 --> 00:42:59,780
and all sorts of stuff, then I
started to really understand,

648
00:42:59,780 --> 00:43:02,945
well, wow, we've got
some serious issues here

649
00:43:02,945 --> 00:43:05,300
and no one's really
talking about this stuff

650
00:43:05,300 --> 00:43:07,823
and it's quite scary.

651
00:43:11,370 --> 00:43:16,330
I guess with realization of
some of the broader issues

652
00:43:16,330 --> 00:43:20,765
such as climate change, peak
oil, the resource depletion

653
00:43:20,765 --> 00:43:24,069
and the extinction crisis
we're currently going through

654
00:43:24,069 --> 00:43:27,950
it's sort of like it's
these massive issues

655
00:43:27,950 --> 00:43:31,430
have been given lip
services by governments

656
00:43:31,430 --> 00:43:35,850
and organizations and it's
like, aw, it just won't happen

657
00:43:35,850 --> 00:43:38,540
or the system'll solve this problem

658
00:43:38,540 --> 00:43:40,383
and that's what it sort of feels like.

659
00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:44,853
So I guess that brings
up a lot of emotions like

660
00:43:44,853 --> 00:43:48,490
frustration and anger
and guilt and it's like

661
00:43:48,490 --> 00:43:50,740
why isn't someone doing
something about this?

662
00:43:51,840 --> 00:43:53,930
Here we go, here's strawberries,
here's strawberries.

663
00:43:53,930 --> 00:43:55,810
So here's a nice one, I
can, look at the color

664
00:43:55,810 --> 00:43:56,643
on that thing.

665
00:43:57,770 --> 00:44:01,160
Then I started to research
permaculture and realized that

666
00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:04,832
it was an integrated
approach to how we're living

667
00:44:04,832 --> 00:44:08,100
so at the moment, our current society,

668
00:44:08,100 --> 00:44:10,400
it's a fragmented approach to living

669
00:44:10,400 --> 00:44:13,560
so everything is
compartmentalized or separated,

670
00:44:13,560 --> 00:44:15,730
whereas permaculture
is a holistic approach

671
00:44:15,730 --> 00:44:16,730
to how we're living.

672
00:44:19,650 --> 00:44:23,310
It integrates food,
environment, with your lifestyle

673
00:44:23,310 --> 00:44:27,470
and taking care of people, the planet and

674
00:44:27,470 --> 00:44:28,993
the natural resources.

675
00:44:31,860 --> 00:44:34,410
So a lot of people come
over to our property

676
00:44:34,410 --> 00:44:36,832
and have a look around, they go what about

677
00:44:36,832 --> 00:44:39,220
all your fruit trees, do
you get pests and stuff

678
00:44:39,220 --> 00:44:41,290
like birds that eat them,
and I say yeah, sure,

679
00:44:41,290 --> 00:44:43,250
but we don't mind that,
they were here first

680
00:44:43,250 --> 00:44:47,830
and we're a part of nature
and we have comments

681
00:44:47,830 --> 00:44:50,365
from other people that live around near us

682
00:44:50,365 --> 00:44:53,330
on the farms and they say
I can't believe how much

683
00:44:53,330 --> 00:44:56,660
wildlife and bird life is
here and their properties,

684
00:44:56,660 --> 00:45:01,550
just a few hundred meters
away have almost no

685
00:45:01,550 --> 00:45:02,730
wildlife or bird life.

686
00:45:02,730 --> 00:45:05,480
(acoustic music)

687
00:45:18,190 --> 00:45:21,934
So, we're attracting
bird life and wildlife

688
00:45:21,934 --> 00:45:25,031
through just letting nature
be as opposed to just

689
00:45:25,031 --> 00:45:26,131
wanting to control it.

690
00:45:29,233 --> 00:45:33,600
Permaculture links into other
aspects like collaboration,

691
00:45:33,600 --> 00:45:37,950
localization, food
resiliency and networking,

692
00:45:37,950 --> 00:45:40,410
so it's not just about growing food,

693
00:45:40,410 --> 00:45:42,535
it's about connecting a whole system

694
00:45:42,535 --> 00:45:45,453
and integrating a whole
system into one's life.

695
00:45:47,530 --> 00:45:51,713
This lifestyle working on the
land and doing permaculture

696
00:45:51,713 --> 00:45:54,593
feels more rewarding and like
I'm putting something back.

697
00:45:55,550 --> 00:45:58,590
We also live a less consumerist lifestyle,

698
00:45:58,590 --> 00:46:02,530
so we don't need as much
stuff, so I haven't got

699
00:46:02,530 --> 00:46:05,030
this constant craving
for more and more things

700
00:46:05,030 --> 00:46:07,663
to make me feel satisfied or happy.

701
00:46:09,320 --> 00:46:13,015
So there you have it,
we have homegrown salad,

702
00:46:13,015 --> 00:46:16,412
fruit salad, a green salad and some eggs

703
00:46:16,412 --> 00:46:20,980
and I can't believe still that...

704
00:46:20,980 --> 00:46:22,480
I don't have to go to a supermarket,

705
00:46:22,480 --> 00:46:26,080
we've grown all this
ourselves in just three years.

706
00:46:26,080 --> 00:46:28,893
I'm still amazed, so anyone can do it.

707
00:46:30,366 --> 00:46:33,116
(acoustic music)

708
00:46:37,655 --> 00:46:39,895
When I was living in big cities,

709
00:46:39,895 --> 00:46:43,200
it was like I had to get
away to connect with nature,

710
00:46:43,200 --> 00:46:45,820
but when I wake up every
morning, I come outside

711
00:46:45,820 --> 00:46:48,215
and I'm immediately in nature here.

712
00:46:48,215 --> 00:46:50,350
I don't have that void anymore.

713
00:46:50,350 --> 00:46:54,320
I've just got this instant
connection and satisfaction.

714
00:46:54,320 --> 00:46:55,532
It's hard to explain.

715
00:46:55,532 --> 00:46:58,115
(gentle music)

716
00:47:02,006 --> 00:47:04,800
- I mean, maybe you've had
this experience, feeling like

717
00:47:04,800 --> 00:47:06,975
I'm not living my life.

718
00:47:06,975 --> 00:47:08,910
I'm living the life I'm paid to live,

719
00:47:08,910 --> 00:47:10,163
but what about my life?

720
00:47:11,470 --> 00:47:16,470
So this is a different dimension
of human nature that...

721
00:47:16,930 --> 00:47:20,330
We need to invoke, we need to...

722
00:47:21,230 --> 00:47:23,240
Implement, we need to create conditions

723
00:47:23,240 --> 00:47:26,072
for that part of human nature to blossom.

724
00:47:26,072 --> 00:47:28,822
(acoustic music)

725
00:47:39,320 --> 00:47:44,320
- We had been living in
Caty Caty and I was...

726
00:47:44,820 --> 00:47:45,900
Working...

727
00:47:46,871 --> 00:47:50,720
A regular job as a GP
in the practice there

728
00:47:50,720 --> 00:47:53,088
and then I just found
these kind of warning signs

729
00:47:53,088 --> 00:47:55,200
that I was started to get out of balance.

730
00:47:55,200 --> 00:47:56,900
I'd be lovely with my
patients, but I'd come home

731
00:47:56,900 --> 00:47:58,730
and be kinda shitty, I...

732
00:47:59,800 --> 00:48:01,333
Was feeling quite depressed.

733
00:48:02,870 --> 00:48:04,560
Just kind of the internal...

734
00:48:05,760 --> 00:48:09,045
Cogs weren't running together very well.

735
00:48:09,045 --> 00:48:10,460
And...

736
00:48:10,460 --> 00:48:12,642
We started talking about
it and thought, well,

737
00:48:12,642 --> 00:48:13,830
maybe we really need to kinda...

738
00:48:13,830 --> 00:48:16,763
Radically rethink how we want to live.

739
00:48:16,763 --> 00:48:19,346
(gentle music)

740
00:48:20,370 --> 00:48:23,120
So the house is 20 square meters.

741
00:48:23,120 --> 00:48:27,163
It started with a sheep
shearer's quarters just to the

742
00:48:27,163 --> 00:48:30,787
side of us here and that
was maybe 20 years ago

743
00:48:30,787 --> 00:48:34,646
that that was built, so our
bedroom is the original cabin

744
00:48:34,646 --> 00:48:39,646
and then this L shaped space
is our kitchen, lounge,

745
00:48:40,939 --> 00:48:42,173
library, office.

746
00:48:43,950 --> 00:48:44,913
Day bed.

747
00:48:46,679 --> 00:48:47,723
- Everything. (laughs)

748
00:48:47,723 --> 00:48:48,720
- Everything, yeah.

749
00:48:48,720 --> 00:48:49,570
20 square meters.

750
00:48:51,542 --> 00:48:53,280
We've got a shower just adjoining

751
00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:55,940
and a bit of a deck out the back.

752
00:48:55,940 --> 00:48:57,850
A few months ago a
friend of mine helped me

753
00:48:57,850 --> 00:49:00,020
put a 300 watt panel up on the roof

754
00:49:00,020 --> 00:49:04,570
and so that powers the
broadband and telephone.

755
00:49:04,570 --> 00:49:05,620
And a bit more light.

756
00:49:06,670 --> 00:49:07,990
What else, now we can...

757
00:49:09,080 --> 00:49:11,735
- Use the sewing machine,
which is very exciting.

758
00:49:11,735 --> 00:49:14,152
- The sewing machine is good.

759
00:49:16,502 --> 00:49:18,982
A lot of people when they
hear about it, they think,

760
00:49:18,982 --> 00:49:20,110
oh my gosh, how is that with the baby

761
00:49:20,110 --> 00:49:22,530
and even before that, how
is that just the two of you?

762
00:49:22,530 --> 00:49:25,270
- I think actually it's
great with the baby

763
00:49:25,270 --> 00:49:27,677
living in a small space in that...

764
00:49:28,560 --> 00:49:30,990
Wherever she is she's never that far away.

765
00:49:32,676 --> 00:49:36,460
So it's quite easy to be doing
whatever I need to be doing

766
00:49:36,460 --> 00:49:40,120
and keeping an eye on her
and when she's sleeping,

767
00:49:40,120 --> 00:49:42,160
she'll be close by.

768
00:49:42,160 --> 00:49:44,910
(acoustic music)

769
00:49:46,100 --> 00:49:46,933
- We have...

770
00:49:48,640 --> 00:49:51,840
I don't know the term for it,
like a work trade arrangement

771
00:49:51,840 --> 00:49:53,443
with the owners and we've been living here

772
00:49:53,443 --> 00:49:56,086
just over a year so about
three or four days a week

773
00:49:56,086 --> 00:50:00,783
I'm on the farm and then
part time I work as a GP.

774
00:50:01,820 --> 00:50:03,870
So our costs are...

775
00:50:05,190 --> 00:50:07,390
Fractional to what they
were living in town.

776
00:50:10,020 --> 00:50:12,970
I don't have any stress about
money which is a huge benefit

777
00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:16,883
Emotionally I'm healthier.

778
00:50:17,741 --> 00:50:20,886
(both laugh)

779
00:50:20,886 --> 00:50:23,636
(acoustic music)

780
00:50:27,910 --> 00:50:30,490
- It was a choice wanting to be...

781
00:50:30,490 --> 00:50:33,928
More immersed in my
environment and more directly

782
00:50:33,928 --> 00:50:38,070
connected with my needs,
where my food was coming from

783
00:50:38,070 --> 00:50:40,330
and I love going out and
seeing the garden each day,

784
00:50:40,330 --> 00:50:42,750
seeing how things have changed and yeah,

785
00:50:42,750 --> 00:50:45,382
it's like having a relationship
with a living thing

786
00:50:45,382 --> 00:50:47,465
or lots of living things.

787
00:50:50,110 --> 00:50:53,600
- Regularly tending in the
garden, I had this feeling

788
00:50:53,600 --> 00:50:55,600
of almost being in love with the garden.

789
00:50:56,683 --> 00:50:58,253
Which blew me away.

790
00:51:00,830 --> 00:51:04,720
- The future of humanity
is to return to that

791
00:51:04,720 --> 00:51:07,810
relationship to nature and to all beings

792
00:51:07,810 --> 00:51:11,230
and to all human beings
too, to fall in love

793
00:51:11,230 --> 00:51:14,333
with the world, its
wellbeing is my wellbeing.

794
00:51:17,540 --> 00:51:20,230
If we really were in love with the planet

795
00:51:21,441 --> 00:51:24,716
and incorporated that love
into all of our systems,

796
00:51:24,716 --> 00:51:27,510
into our money system, we would not have

797
00:51:27,510 --> 00:51:28,923
an ecological crisis.

798
00:51:32,410 --> 00:51:35,550
- If an economy is operating outside

799
00:51:35,550 --> 00:51:39,310
of ecological limits and
the inevitable conclusion

800
00:51:39,310 --> 00:51:42,742
is that it's going to completely
erode the resource base

801
00:51:42,742 --> 00:51:44,890
until it...

802
00:51:44,890 --> 00:51:46,363
Implodes or collapses.

803
00:51:48,750 --> 00:51:53,070
So really, the choice that
we have is to design and

804
00:51:53,070 --> 00:51:56,550
develop an economy that operates
within ecological limits.

805
00:51:56,550 --> 00:51:59,200
That's our only safe bet,
that's our only bet at all.

806
00:52:02,300 --> 00:52:05,960
- So if we think about the
whole problem of deflation

807
00:52:05,960 --> 00:52:10,140
and what could happen
post collapse in a country

808
00:52:10,140 --> 00:52:13,160
that experiences a sudden
reversal and this loss

809
00:52:13,160 --> 00:52:15,940
of liquidity where the money
supply really really gets

810
00:52:15,940 --> 00:52:20,020
chopped down, people still
have needs, people still have

811
00:52:20,020 --> 00:52:21,360
goods and services, they're gonna

812
00:52:21,360 --> 00:52:24,240
find a way to exchange those.

813
00:52:24,240 --> 00:52:26,650
What you want is the easiest possible way

814
00:52:26,650 --> 00:52:30,340
to make this happen and this
is where alternative currencies

815
00:52:30,340 --> 00:52:33,780
would plug the gap, if
a central government

816
00:52:33,780 --> 00:52:37,020
were quick thinking, quick off the mark

817
00:52:37,020 --> 00:52:39,610
and actually had a plan for
dealing with this stuff,

818
00:52:39,610 --> 00:52:42,520
they could introduce a new currency,

819
00:52:42,520 --> 00:52:45,620
maybe a parallel currency,
maybe a replacement currency

820
00:52:45,620 --> 00:52:48,970
to counteract the disappearance
of all the bank money.

821
00:52:48,970 --> 00:52:51,490
That probably won't happen,
though, so it's going

822
00:52:51,490 --> 00:52:55,193
to be up to local and regional
currencies to fill that void.

823
00:52:56,856 --> 00:52:59,356
(piano music)

824
00:53:04,540 --> 00:53:07,800
- I woke up one morning
and jumped out of bed

825
00:53:07,800 --> 00:53:09,650
without even being conscious yet saying,

826
00:53:09,650 --> 00:53:12,060
I'm going to start a local currency.

827
00:53:12,060 --> 00:53:15,680
And I just felt so much
joy, there was just like

828
00:53:15,680 --> 00:53:17,293
this energy moving through me.

829
00:53:18,890 --> 00:53:20,560
Loaves stands for local origin

830
00:53:20,560 --> 00:53:23,170
Ashurst voluntary exchange system.

831
00:53:23,170 --> 00:53:25,860
It's one of those acronyms
that you fit the words

832
00:53:25,860 --> 00:53:29,000
to the acronym instead
of the other way around.

833
00:53:29,000 --> 00:53:32,480
It is meant to be a voucher
system that circulates

834
00:53:32,480 --> 00:53:34,910
in Ashhurst and the Bohomona valley

835
00:53:36,099 --> 00:53:39,773
as a voluntary alternative
to using money for exchange.

836
00:53:41,230 --> 00:53:42,870
So Loaves is primarily trading

837
00:53:42,870 --> 00:53:44,700
at the Ashhurst Community Market

838
00:53:44,700 --> 00:53:46,990
and we have about a dozen or so businesses

839
00:53:46,990 --> 00:53:48,760
that are accepting it there.

840
00:53:48,760 --> 00:53:51,352
We've got the cheesery,
we've got the fudgery,

841
00:53:51,352 --> 00:53:53,930
we have several plant businesses.

842
00:53:53,930 --> 00:53:56,980
We have a business consultant
who accepts it outside

843
00:53:56,980 --> 00:54:00,230
of the market and there's
half a dozen others

844
00:54:00,230 --> 00:54:01,730
that are accepting it as well.

845
00:54:02,650 --> 00:54:06,228
One of the primary benefits
of the currency in my mind

846
00:54:06,228 --> 00:54:09,580
is the awareness raising
that goes along with it.

847
00:54:09,580 --> 00:54:12,070
We're after not the currency itself

848
00:54:12,070 --> 00:54:15,010
but the relationships that
come out of the currency

849
00:54:15,010 --> 00:54:17,870
so one of the major things
is this awareness campaign

850
00:54:17,870 --> 00:54:20,950
around the benefits of
buying local, the benefits

851
00:54:20,950 --> 00:54:24,940
of having a commitment between
customers and businesses.

852
00:54:24,940 --> 00:54:27,533
Knowing what's available
in your own community,

853
00:54:27,533 --> 00:54:30,552
of going to town instead of the
city when you need something

854
00:54:30,552 --> 00:54:33,880
of supporting your neighbors
and looking to your neighbors

855
00:54:33,880 --> 00:54:37,993
and their businesses as a primary
way of meeting your needs.

856
00:54:39,950 --> 00:54:43,679
- The wealth generated by
using our local currency,

857
00:54:43,679 --> 00:54:47,293
100% of it stays here, there's no interest

858
00:54:47,293 --> 00:54:50,850
and it just keeps
circulating and recirculating

859
00:54:50,850 --> 00:54:52,163
in the local community.

860
00:54:53,310 --> 00:54:55,200
And rather than...

861
00:54:55,200 --> 00:54:58,893
Being considered in competition
with the national money,

862
00:55:00,120 --> 00:55:02,303
it's actually complimentary to it.

863
00:55:03,773 --> 00:55:06,210
(gentle music)

864
00:55:06,210 --> 00:55:08,552
- So you strengthen
these local connections,

865
00:55:08,552 --> 00:55:12,011
of course, that's a very
resilient thing to do

866
00:55:12,011 --> 00:55:14,350
because it just means
that if things are rough,

867
00:55:14,350 --> 00:55:17,792
you've got friends, neighbors
and people in your region

868
00:55:17,792 --> 00:55:20,573
that are able to help one another out.

869
00:55:23,955 --> 00:55:26,755
Timebanking is a very
interesting development in that

870
00:55:26,755 --> 00:55:31,755
it uses a very egalitarian
basis, it says everybody's time

871
00:55:32,936 --> 00:55:36,850
is equal, it doesn't
matter how skilled you are

872
00:55:36,850 --> 00:55:39,310
or what your qualifications
are or what you do

873
00:55:39,310 --> 00:55:42,290
for your day job, that
your hour is worth the same

874
00:55:42,290 --> 00:55:43,672
as my hour.

875
00:55:43,672 --> 00:55:46,339
(idyllic music)

876
00:56:03,820 --> 00:56:07,740
- I'm Maria Li from Te Mahi
Kai at Diamond Harbor School.

877
00:56:07,740 --> 00:56:10,163
Which is a gardening to cooking program.

878
00:56:11,370 --> 00:56:15,210
So we teach the children how
to grow everything themselves

879
00:56:15,210 --> 00:56:19,019
and they plant the seeds and
then look after the garden

880
00:56:19,019 --> 00:56:21,590
and then when it's my turn, we harvest

881
00:56:21,590 --> 00:56:24,443
what they've grown and turn it into lunch.

882
00:56:26,090 --> 00:56:28,673
(gentle music)

883
00:56:31,330 --> 00:56:32,660
So...

884
00:56:32,660 --> 00:56:35,550
Today we're making kale
chips and broadbean dip

885
00:56:35,550 --> 00:56:37,433
and each week it's different.

886
00:56:38,390 --> 00:56:41,250
The idea is just to teach
them some basics of cooking

887
00:56:41,250 --> 00:56:45,140
and in order for that to work,
we use time bank volunteers.

888
00:56:45,140 --> 00:56:46,890
And we couldn't do it without them.

889
00:56:48,190 --> 00:56:52,350
Our volunteers are paid one
credit per hour that they come

890
00:56:52,350 --> 00:56:56,190
and volunteer for us so we
take those from the school

891
00:56:56,190 --> 00:56:58,760
time bank credit system
and give it to them

892
00:56:58,760 --> 00:57:02,117
and then they use that to
trade for whatever they need.

893
00:57:02,117 --> 00:57:04,700
(gentle music)

894
00:57:06,930 --> 00:57:10,840
- It's always easier to
build your barn while the sun

895
00:57:10,840 --> 00:57:14,100
is shining than try to put
it up in a howling gale

896
00:57:14,100 --> 00:57:17,040
so if you put these things together now,

897
00:57:17,040 --> 00:57:18,810
if you get the system up and running,

898
00:57:18,810 --> 00:57:21,000
and especially with something
like a local currency

899
00:57:21,000 --> 00:57:23,518
where they may be some marketing involved,

900
00:57:23,518 --> 00:57:26,687
trying to get buy in
from people and all that,

901
00:57:27,887 --> 00:57:29,430
you don't create one of these
things out of whole cloth

902
00:57:30,427 --> 00:57:31,845
and get it widely accepted overnight.

903
00:57:31,845 --> 00:57:34,428
(gentle music)

904
00:57:35,750 --> 00:57:37,070
- But there's no getting away from it.

905
00:57:37,070 --> 00:57:40,444
A huge part of this is that we
just consume too much stuff.

906
00:57:40,444 --> 00:57:43,380
(eerie music)

907
00:57:43,380 --> 00:57:46,210
Our entire economy is
built on getting us to buy

908
00:57:46,210 --> 00:57:49,973
and consume, dispose and reconsume things.

909
00:57:52,620 --> 00:57:54,990
I don't think it's realistic
that we can expect to live

910
00:57:54,990 --> 00:57:57,470
in a world where we don't
make things or use things

911
00:57:57,470 --> 00:57:59,450
or use resources, of course
we do, we need to use them

912
00:57:59,450 --> 00:58:01,300
in a way that is smart, you know,

913
00:58:01,300 --> 00:58:03,462
it's about intelligent use,
it's about being efficient

914
00:58:03,462 --> 00:58:05,033
and not wasteful.

915
00:58:07,810 --> 00:58:11,406
- The notion of waste is
something that wasn't around

916
00:58:11,406 --> 00:58:13,440
two or three hundred years ago, you know,

917
00:58:13,440 --> 00:58:16,190
we just didn't have
waste, things had utility,

918
00:58:16,190 --> 00:58:18,650
things had value all the way through

919
00:58:18,650 --> 00:58:23,370
and if they reached the
end of productivity,

920
00:58:23,370 --> 00:58:26,293
they were reformed into something else.

921
00:58:31,689 --> 00:58:36,030
Welcome to Bayswater Repair Cafe.

922
00:58:36,030 --> 00:58:39,510
A repair cafe is a free popup event

923
00:58:39,510 --> 00:58:42,490
where local community experts

924
00:58:42,490 --> 00:58:45,250
in a variety of different areas,

925
00:58:45,250 --> 00:58:48,070
offer their skills and
services to other people

926
00:58:48,070 --> 00:58:49,770
in their local community for free.

927
00:58:51,290 --> 00:58:55,070
You know, every year, we
send a crazy amount of stuff

928
00:58:55,070 --> 00:58:59,400
to holes in the ground and
this is about maybe doing

929
00:58:59,400 --> 00:59:01,530
something to address some of that flow

930
00:59:01,530 --> 00:59:03,250
but also in the process of doing that

931
00:59:03,250 --> 00:59:05,800
bringing people together
in a beautiful way that...

932
00:59:06,640 --> 00:59:10,126
Connects people, creates some networks

933
00:59:10,126 --> 00:59:12,123
and maybe even some friendships.

934
00:59:13,480 --> 00:59:18,480
So we've got five different
repair areas at the cafe today.

935
00:59:19,550 --> 00:59:23,131
We've got an electrical
appliances repair space

936
00:59:23,131 --> 00:59:25,640
and that is overwhelmingly
the most popular area,

937
00:59:25,640 --> 00:59:29,180
so people bring in toasters
and lamps and all kinds

938
00:59:29,180 --> 00:59:31,053
of random bits and pieces.

939
00:59:32,950 --> 00:59:35,690
We've got a clothing repair space

940
00:59:35,690 --> 00:59:38,310
and we've got a team of seamstresses

941
00:59:39,666 --> 00:59:41,648
and a seamster, if that's the right word,

942
00:59:41,648 --> 00:59:44,102
who are mending clothes.

943
00:59:44,102 --> 00:59:46,720
(upbeat music)

944
00:59:46,720 --> 00:59:51,710
We've got a guy who is
repairing wood and pieces

945
00:59:51,710 --> 00:59:54,890
of furniture and we've got general repairs

946
00:59:54,890 --> 00:59:57,083
and we've also got two bike mechanics.

947
00:59:58,936 --> 01:00:02,910
I was speaking to the daughter
of one of the volunteers

948
01:00:02,910 --> 01:00:07,910
who helped out with the
repairs and he was an older guy

949
01:00:08,020 --> 01:00:10,830
and he said to her that he felt...

950
01:00:12,180 --> 01:00:14,770
A real sense of...

951
01:00:14,770 --> 01:00:17,632
Belonging and a real
sense of feeling useful

952
01:00:17,632 --> 01:00:21,931
and having purpose and...

953
01:00:21,931 --> 01:00:24,709
I thought that was an
amazing output from the day

954
01:00:24,709 --> 01:00:27,749
to make someone feel good about having

955
01:00:27,749 --> 01:00:32,203
shared their skills with local people.

956
01:00:33,074 --> 01:00:36,490
This is a beautiful example
of a community initiative

957
01:00:36,490 --> 01:00:41,000
that brings people together
and enhances connection,

958
01:00:41,000 --> 01:00:44,730
enhances a sense of community
and neighborhood and...

959
01:00:45,660 --> 01:00:48,087
You know, we fix a lot of stuff,

960
01:00:48,087 --> 01:00:51,950
but more important than
that I think is the building

961
01:00:51,950 --> 01:00:53,769
of connection and community.

962
01:00:53,769 --> 01:00:56,352
(somber music)

963
01:00:58,690 --> 01:01:01,060
- It's really important
to remember that when you

964
01:01:01,060 --> 01:01:04,020
dispose of something,
you can't throw it away.

965
01:01:04,020 --> 01:01:06,503
When you throw something
it goes somewhere.

966
01:01:07,740 --> 01:01:09,451
You might not know where that is,

967
01:01:09,451 --> 01:01:10,284
it may be out of your sight,

968
01:01:10,284 --> 01:01:12,010
it may be out of your mind,

969
01:01:12,010 --> 01:01:13,829
but there is no such place as away.

970
01:01:13,829 --> 01:01:16,412
(somber music)

971
01:01:17,680 --> 01:01:21,735
- In 2007 we were really starting
to think about our impact

972
01:01:21,735 --> 01:01:24,240
that we were having, just our
regular day to day actions

973
01:01:24,240 --> 01:01:26,820
and one of the things we
focused on was how much rubbish

974
01:01:26,820 --> 01:01:29,060
we were producing, I mean,
we could have focused

975
01:01:29,060 --> 01:01:32,635
on anything, but rubbish was
so visual and just every week

976
01:01:32,635 --> 01:01:37,635
of rubbish bags filling up
and so we somehow decided

977
01:01:38,030 --> 01:01:40,434
to challenge ourselves, I don't
remember whose idea it was

978
01:01:40,434 --> 01:01:43,610
now but we did this crazy
thing where we thought, right,

979
01:01:43,610 --> 01:01:46,623
we're gonna try and make no
rubbish for the entire year.

980
01:01:48,230 --> 01:01:51,570
We were genuinely not green people.

981
01:01:51,570 --> 01:01:55,500
We were putting out a bag of
rubbish every week without fail

982
01:01:55,500 --> 01:01:58,500
and we had literally never
thought about it before.

983
01:01:58,500 --> 01:02:01,060
we sort of, it came to us one day,

984
01:02:01,060 --> 01:02:03,037
we went, oh my gosh, this is terrible.

985
01:02:03,037 --> 01:02:07,189
- In terms of the challenge
was to try and live

986
01:02:07,189 --> 01:02:09,180
for one year with less than
a city council rubbish bag

987
01:02:09,180 --> 01:02:11,420
and most of it was made up of the items

988
01:02:11,420 --> 01:02:13,808
that were out of our
control, so the radiator hose

989
01:02:13,808 --> 01:02:17,260
in our car burst and
so we had radiator hose

990
01:02:17,260 --> 01:02:18,740
and we tried to carry on doing things

991
01:02:18,740 --> 01:02:21,070
that you'd normally do so
we were renovating our home

992
01:02:21,070 --> 01:02:23,000
back then and...

993
01:02:23,000 --> 01:02:26,618
We had all the lead paint from
scraping the weatherboards.

994
01:02:26,618 --> 01:02:29,952
So in practical terms,
that's what we had left over.

995
01:02:29,952 --> 01:02:32,702
(acoustic music)

996
01:02:35,947 --> 01:02:37,770
I think when we look at
the average rubbish bin,

997
01:02:37,770 --> 01:02:39,840
you know, what people are putting out,

998
01:02:39,840 --> 01:02:43,050
at least 50% of it's
generally organics and so

999
01:02:44,146 --> 01:02:46,360
you take the biggest
things out first, right,

1000
01:02:46,360 --> 01:02:49,110
so deal with organics is the no brainer.

1001
01:02:49,110 --> 01:02:53,931
If you do that, you're 50%
ahead of the average citizen

1002
01:02:53,931 --> 01:02:58,520
and then there's another sort
of 30% of recycle material

1003
01:02:58,520 --> 01:03:01,827
general these days in the
rubbish bin so there's

1004
01:03:01,827 --> 01:03:04,460
the next thing, so you
deal with the organics,

1005
01:03:04,460 --> 01:03:07,400
then you recycle everything
you can and you're getting up

1006
01:03:07,400 --> 01:03:10,253
there by that stage,
you've made massive gains.

1007
01:03:12,688 --> 01:03:14,900
People can feel overwhelmed and
feel that what they're doing

1008
01:03:14,900 --> 01:03:17,900
doesn't make a difference,
but most of the waste

1009
01:03:17,900 --> 01:03:20,750
we create or we're kind of...

1010
01:03:20,750 --> 01:03:24,090
Complicit in is waste we've never seen

1011
01:03:24,090 --> 01:03:26,600
so we'll buy something and
there'll be a bit of packaging

1012
01:03:26,600 --> 01:03:30,200
around it that we see,
but making that item,

1013
01:03:30,200 --> 01:03:32,288
that's when the bulk
of the waste is created

1014
01:03:32,288 --> 01:03:35,820
so if you put out a rubbish
bag, it actually represents

1015
01:03:35,820 --> 01:03:39,510
70 rubbish bags of waste
that you've never seen

1016
01:03:39,510 --> 01:03:42,793
that's gone into making that bag of waste.

1017
01:03:44,280 --> 01:03:48,000
Consumers have it tough,
right, a lot of money

1018
01:03:48,000 --> 01:03:50,577
goes into marketing and
sending them messages

1019
01:03:50,577 --> 01:03:53,791
that you can buy our compostable packaging

1020
01:03:53,791 --> 01:03:56,447
and you're saving the environment

1021
01:03:56,447 --> 01:03:58,923
and of course, compostable
packaging in the landfill's

1022
01:03:58,923 --> 01:04:00,320
just as bad.

1023
01:04:00,320 --> 01:04:02,160
- It's the sort of thing
that actually needs

1024
01:04:02,160 --> 01:04:04,740
to be composted at very hot temperatures

1025
01:04:04,740 --> 01:04:08,480
so it really needs commercial
composting to be done properly

1026
01:04:10,180 --> 01:04:12,790
One of the biggest
problems in my business is

1027
01:04:12,790 --> 01:04:14,850
that I have to go vendors
and say, I'm sorry,

1028
01:04:14,850 --> 01:04:17,200
I know you've paid more
and you've been promised

1029
01:04:17,200 --> 01:04:20,930
that this is eco and
compostable by the person

1030
01:04:20,930 --> 01:04:25,420
that sold it to you but
they didn't actually go

1031
01:04:25,420 --> 01:04:27,680
and do their product
stewardship and find out

1032
01:04:27,680 --> 01:04:29,870
whether the composting
industry can take it

1033
01:04:29,870 --> 01:04:30,943
in every place.

1034
01:04:32,990 --> 01:04:33,830
- I think we've actually got consumers

1035
01:04:33,830 --> 01:04:34,663
that want to do the right thing,

1036
01:04:34,663 --> 01:04:37,113
we've got businesses that
are doing amazing stuff,

1037
01:04:37,113 --> 01:04:40,149
and we've got a government
completely missing in action

1038
01:04:40,149 --> 01:04:43,379
in terms of providing a
framework to encourage

1039
01:04:43,379 --> 01:04:45,153
those behaviors more and more.

1040
01:04:46,580 --> 01:04:48,580
- So when you do buy a
container at the supermarket

1041
01:04:48,580 --> 01:04:50,528
you make sure it's a reusable container

1042
01:04:50,528 --> 01:04:52,510
and then you wash it
out and you take it into

1043
01:04:52,510 --> 01:04:53,957
one of these stores and
you get them to weigh it

1044
01:04:53,957 --> 01:04:55,850
and you fill it up with whatever you want

1045
01:04:55,850 --> 01:04:57,070
and they take the weight of it

1046
01:04:57,070 --> 01:05:00,203
and you've just stopped
that plastic packaging.

1047
01:05:01,400 --> 01:05:03,310
- If people combining
composting and learning

1048
01:05:03,310 --> 01:05:04,960
how to recycle and
they're just putting a bit

1049
01:05:04,960 --> 01:05:07,087
of extra thought into
how they're shopping,

1050
01:05:07,087 --> 01:05:09,740
particularly considering
their packaging...

1051
01:05:10,616 --> 01:05:13,769
(gentle music)

1052
01:05:13,769 --> 01:05:15,740
It's that choice when
you're at the supermarket

1053
01:05:15,740 --> 01:05:20,310
or at Buntings or whatever,
thinking about the item,

1054
01:05:20,310 --> 01:05:23,410
essentially if it's plastic
or got other composite

1055
01:05:23,410 --> 01:05:26,550
materials in it, what can you do with it

1056
01:05:26,550 --> 01:05:29,130
at the end of life, not
much, it's gonna be rubbish,

1057
01:05:29,130 --> 01:05:31,330
it's gonna be around
for thousands of years.

1058
01:05:32,790 --> 01:05:35,580
Every time you spend a dollar it's a vote.

1059
01:05:35,580 --> 01:05:38,840
We have so much power, so
much more power than what

1060
01:05:38,840 --> 01:05:40,825
we realize, so it's like
keep on that knife edge,

1061
01:05:40,825 --> 01:05:45,320
yes, see, there's these
big issues, but also yes,

1062
01:05:45,320 --> 01:05:46,788
we can make a difference.

1063
01:05:46,788 --> 01:05:49,380
(gentle music)

1064
01:05:49,380 --> 01:05:51,710
- Like there's part of me,
you know, when I go to recycle

1065
01:05:51,710 --> 01:05:56,510
my bottles or compost my waste...

1066
01:05:58,182 --> 01:05:59,810
It's like, well what good does it do?

1067
01:05:59,810 --> 01:06:03,420
Now I'm just subtracting
one plastic bottle

1068
01:06:03,420 --> 01:06:07,940
from the enormous trash heap
that gets shipped to India

1069
01:06:07,940 --> 01:06:11,320
and is making new mountains
in India and China, you know,

1070
01:06:11,320 --> 01:06:13,380
of waste, like what does it matter?

1071
01:06:13,380 --> 01:06:15,283
One bottle different?

1072
01:06:16,740 --> 01:06:19,720
You can say well if everybody
did it, then it would make

1073
01:06:19,720 --> 01:06:22,173
a difference, so you have to do your part,

1074
01:06:23,588 --> 01:06:26,750
but part of you will say,
well, I'm not everybody

1075
01:06:26,750 --> 01:06:29,523
and if everybody does it, then
it doesn't matter if I do it.

1076
01:06:30,460 --> 01:06:32,780
So we have to have another reason.

1077
01:06:32,780 --> 01:06:36,690
For me it comes down to
relationship and ritual.

1078
01:06:36,690 --> 01:06:41,000
I like to save my compost
and use composting toilets,

1079
01:06:41,000 --> 01:06:41,833
for example.

1080
01:06:43,140 --> 01:06:46,410
Not because I've done
some calculation that...

1081
01:06:47,420 --> 01:06:50,770
This is gonna save the world
but because it's a different

1082
01:06:50,770 --> 01:06:54,243
kind of relationship with
the beings around me.

1083
01:06:54,243 --> 01:06:56,826
(gentle music)

1084
01:07:02,590 --> 01:07:05,300
- Composting toilets, like
composting your own shit,

1085
01:07:05,300 --> 01:07:08,705
processing your own toilet waste
is a real basic fundamental

1086
01:07:08,705 --> 01:07:11,850
thing that we should
all practice, it's a...

1087
01:07:13,065 --> 01:07:17,873
Simple way of being, of
demonstrating self responsibility.

1088
01:07:18,850 --> 01:07:22,130
- So with a flush toilet
basically you take really nice

1089
01:07:22,130 --> 01:07:26,480
clean drinking water and our
shit and mix the two together.

1090
01:07:26,480 --> 01:07:30,090
Both wonderful resources,
when you mix them together,

1091
01:07:30,090 --> 01:07:31,983
you create a toxic problem.

1092
01:07:33,420 --> 01:07:36,630
So with a compost toilet system,

1093
01:07:36,630 --> 01:07:40,860
you're able to capture that
amazing resource and...

1094
01:07:40,860 --> 01:07:44,345
Take care of it and treat
it in a way that removes

1095
01:07:44,345 --> 01:07:47,843
any pathogens or problems and
create a wonderful resource.

1096
01:07:48,843 --> 01:07:51,426
(gentle music)

1097
01:07:52,680 --> 01:07:55,550
- Okay, so welcome to
our toilet, for a start,

1098
01:07:55,550 --> 01:07:57,860
it's a composting toilet
bucket bench system.

1099
01:07:57,860 --> 01:08:01,817
We've got cover material
which we use old sawdust

1100
01:08:01,817 --> 01:08:04,140
from the mill, it's already
got bacteria and a bit

1101
01:08:04,140 --> 01:08:05,600
of fungus in there.

1102
01:08:05,600 --> 01:08:07,900
So you go make your
deposit, (clicks tongue),

1103
01:08:07,900 --> 01:08:10,840
put a bit of cover material on, leave it.

1104
01:08:10,840 --> 01:08:12,900
And then when we've got a
certain amount of buckets

1105
01:08:12,900 --> 01:08:16,600
we go to the compost and
add straw and garden waste

1106
01:08:16,600 --> 01:08:18,214
and kitchen waste.

1107
01:08:18,214 --> 01:08:21,130
(upbeat music)

1108
01:08:21,130 --> 01:08:23,378
And this is one I did maybe a week ago

1109
01:08:23,378 --> 01:08:26,690
and we'll put the compost
thermometer in here

1110
01:08:26,690 --> 01:08:28,330
and see what we're looking at.

1111
01:08:28,330 --> 01:08:31,660
It's still looking at 50
degrees, it's going up,

1112
01:08:31,660 --> 01:08:33,370
we've got up to 65 degrees the other day,

1113
01:08:33,370 --> 01:08:34,990
I recorded it.

1114
01:08:34,990 --> 01:08:36,700
- You know, there are
pathogens you have to consider,

1115
01:08:36,700 --> 01:08:39,870
there's roundworm eggs and
all these different kinds

1116
01:08:39,870 --> 01:08:44,850
of worm eggs that can
exist in your manure.

1117
01:08:44,850 --> 01:08:47,300
If you do a hot compost,
that's the safest way

1118
01:08:47,300 --> 01:08:51,118
because you can nuke all
those things within hours.

1119
01:08:51,118 --> 01:08:54,140
(upbeat music)

1120
01:08:54,140 --> 01:08:55,670
- And over here...

1121
01:08:58,250 --> 01:08:59,083
Is...

1122
01:09:00,660 --> 01:09:01,493
What you get.

1123
01:09:02,920 --> 01:09:06,693
I put it in a bag, but you
don't need to. (grunts)

1124
01:09:07,853 --> 01:09:09,403
That there is about a year old,

1125
01:09:10,440 --> 01:09:12,150
it's got lots of worms in it.

1126
01:09:12,150 --> 01:09:15,860
We put all our garden waste
and all our kitchen waste

1127
01:09:15,860 --> 01:09:18,440
in here, but the worms are a good sign.

1128
01:09:18,440 --> 01:09:20,755
If you've got worms, it
means it's not too acidic and

1129
01:09:20,755 --> 01:09:22,630
(sniffs) mmm, yum, good stuff

1130
01:09:23,587 --> 01:09:25,130
and that goes straight on the garden

1131
01:09:25,130 --> 01:09:29,973
and the plants love it and
we love the plants. (laughs)

1132
01:09:31,460 --> 01:09:33,760
- When it's finished
composting it doesn't look like

1133
01:09:33,760 --> 01:09:36,210
or smell anything like poo.

1134
01:09:36,210 --> 01:09:38,363
It's just beautiful black compost.

1135
01:09:40,430 --> 01:09:41,263
So we have monitored it closely,

1136
01:09:41,263 --> 01:09:42,410
we've watched the temperature,

1137
01:09:42,410 --> 01:09:45,389
we know all the pathogens have been nuked,

1138
01:09:45,389 --> 01:09:48,035
we feel confident in our process

1139
01:09:48,035 --> 01:09:51,080
so we feel safe to use it in our garden.

1140
01:09:52,260 --> 01:09:55,029
Anyone can do this, it's
just really a matter of being

1141
01:09:55,029 --> 01:09:58,660
engaged and wanting to do it
and getting the knowledge,

1142
01:09:58,660 --> 01:10:01,781
it's a knowledge based
system, it's not technological

1143
01:10:01,781 --> 01:10:04,720
or anything really advanced,
I've seen people do it

1144
01:10:04,720 --> 01:10:07,673
in cities with a wee
backyard, small backyard.

1145
01:10:09,420 --> 01:10:13,118
Yeah, and I've seen people do
it in really rural settings.

1146
01:10:13,118 --> 01:10:14,940
It's just a matter of being engaged.

1147
01:10:14,940 --> 01:10:16,780
- Yeah, it's for everyone, everyone,

1148
01:10:16,780 --> 01:10:18,989
everyone who wants to take more

1149
01:10:18,989 --> 01:10:20,798
responsibility for themselves

1150
01:10:20,798 --> 01:10:22,733
and not pass it off.

1151
01:10:24,010 --> 01:10:26,803
Everyone who values their poo. (laughs)

1152
01:10:28,820 --> 01:10:31,373
I value my poo. (laughs)

1153
01:10:32,850 --> 01:10:36,700
I value your poo too, so you're
welcome to leave a deposit

1154
01:10:36,700 --> 01:10:38,290
before you go, it's sort of expected,

1155
01:10:38,290 --> 01:10:41,161
actually, no pressure. (laughs)

1156
01:10:41,161 --> 01:10:43,744
(gentle music)

1157
01:10:53,934 --> 01:10:55,800
- I've come to see that in
order to be part of the solution

1158
01:10:55,800 --> 01:10:59,937
we really need to use our
everyday choices to change

1159
01:10:59,937 --> 01:11:02,420
our behavior and it's a cultural shift

1160
01:11:02,420 --> 01:11:04,560
that needs to happen in
order for us to at least

1161
01:11:04,560 --> 01:11:07,080
sustain ourselves, which
isn't even enough, of course,

1162
01:11:07,080 --> 01:11:07,913
because...

1163
01:11:09,230 --> 01:11:11,400
What are we sustaining? (laughs)

1164
01:11:11,400 --> 01:11:13,370
And so that's something
I've really been putting

1165
01:11:13,370 --> 01:11:15,810
a lot of time into recently,
is designing my work

1166
01:11:15,810 --> 01:11:17,281
so that it's actually regenerative.

1167
01:11:17,281 --> 01:11:19,864
(upbeat music)

1168
01:11:25,110 --> 01:11:27,980
Sort of out of necessity I
started this organic waste

1169
01:11:27,980 --> 01:11:28,813
collection.

1170
01:11:28,813 --> 01:11:29,733
Check this out, whoa!

1171
01:11:34,198 --> 01:11:36,046
Now we're currently picking
about two and a half tons up

1172
01:11:36,046 --> 01:11:39,700
each week from local
businesses and instead of that

1173
01:11:39,700 --> 01:11:43,420
all going into a hole in
the ground, it gets returned

1174
01:11:43,420 --> 01:11:48,363
back to the way of wind
row erodic composting.

1175
01:11:49,200 --> 01:11:53,710
So we currently have around
45 businesses on the Why Waste

1176
01:11:53,710 --> 01:11:57,540
collection, and they have a
number of bins or buckets,

1177
01:11:57,540 --> 01:12:00,120
mostly wheelie bins and
some have up to five

1178
01:12:00,120 --> 01:12:04,860
wheelie bins at their
business and every week

1179
01:12:04,860 --> 01:12:08,890
Why Waste comes and picks
that up and we take it to,

1180
01:12:08,890 --> 01:12:11,000
we weigh it, we record all
the data, things like that,

1181
01:12:11,000 --> 01:12:14,080
we take it to a composting
facility and so yeah,

1182
01:12:14,080 --> 01:12:18,102
we're in partnership with them
so that we can return that

1183
01:12:18,102 --> 01:12:20,143
waste back to the soil.

1184
01:12:21,890 --> 01:12:23,850
Recently, one of my clients rang me up

1185
01:12:23,850 --> 01:12:26,417
and they were super stoked
because they were able to cancel

1186
01:12:26,417 --> 01:12:30,501
this big, like, skip bin
for their rubbish, you know,

1187
01:12:30,501 --> 01:12:34,182
and now they just use
a 240 liter wheelie bin

1188
01:12:34,182 --> 01:12:37,990
which is much, much smaller
and that's as a result

1189
01:12:37,990 --> 01:12:38,950
of all of their...

1190
01:12:40,102 --> 01:12:44,263
Compostable waste going back to the soil.

1191
01:12:45,121 --> 01:12:49,062
Ooh, what's that, ooh,
tasty muffin. (laughs)

1192
01:12:49,062 --> 01:12:51,645
(upbeat music)

1193
01:12:52,800 --> 01:12:56,270
I'm really passionate about
composting as a solution of

1194
01:12:56,270 --> 01:13:00,390
minimizing our waste and
our impact here on...

1195
01:13:00,390 --> 01:13:03,550
This one planet that we have. (laughs)

1196
01:13:03,550 --> 01:13:07,862
Food scraps and biodegradable
waste takes up over a third

1197
01:13:07,862 --> 01:13:10,540
of what we send to a landfill.

1198
01:13:10,540 --> 01:13:15,540
When biodegradable matter
biodegrades, anaerobically,

1199
01:13:15,939 --> 01:13:20,290
it produces a lot of methane
which is 23 times worse

1200
01:13:20,290 --> 01:13:23,105
than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas

1201
01:13:23,105 --> 01:13:27,800
and not only do you get that
gas going to the atmosphere

1202
01:13:27,800 --> 01:13:31,361
but you also get a liquid version of it

1203
01:13:31,361 --> 01:13:35,344
leaching into our soils,
into our water table.

1204
01:13:35,344 --> 01:13:37,380
(upbeat music)

1205
01:13:37,380 --> 01:13:40,220
So what we're trying to
achieve here is build

1206
01:13:40,220 --> 01:13:44,890
a really hot compost
around this drum and also

1207
01:13:44,890 --> 01:13:48,710
all of this, build all
this irrigation into it

1208
01:13:48,710 --> 01:13:52,480
so that when that aerobic
hot compost heats up

1209
01:13:52,480 --> 01:13:56,954
we should be able to pump
water through the system

1210
01:13:56,954 --> 01:14:01,412
out and over to these bathtubs over here

1211
01:14:01,412 --> 01:14:06,412
and have free biologically
heated hot water.

1212
01:14:09,469 --> 01:14:11,930
The reason why I'm so
enthusiastic about compost is that

1213
01:14:11,930 --> 01:14:14,610
it's fertility in its purest form.

1214
01:14:14,610 --> 01:14:18,840
This is how nature builds
soil and that enables us

1215
01:14:18,840 --> 01:14:22,180
to grow more food and...

1216
01:14:22,180 --> 01:14:25,072
If people are conscious of composting,

1217
01:14:25,072 --> 01:14:27,690
they're probably gonna
become more conscious

1218
01:14:27,690 --> 01:14:30,340
about what they're eating
and if they're opening

1219
01:14:30,340 --> 01:14:32,900
less packets, that's good for everyone,

1220
01:14:32,900 --> 01:14:36,440
that's good for the planet,
that's good for our people,

1221
01:14:36,440 --> 01:14:39,380
if we can get people to
focus on eating better,

1222
01:14:39,380 --> 01:14:42,990
then we're actually able to
produce a lot less landfill

1223
01:14:42,990 --> 01:14:46,480
waste and a lot more biodegradable waste,

1224
01:14:46,480 --> 01:14:48,810
which in turn can be
turned into more fertility

1225
01:14:48,810 --> 01:14:52,370
to produce more food,
so the healthier we eat,

1226
01:14:52,370 --> 01:14:55,420
the better our waste is
and much easier to manage

1227
01:14:55,420 --> 01:14:56,731
and return to the land.

1228
01:14:56,731 --> 01:14:59,890
(upbeat music)

1229
01:14:59,890 --> 01:15:03,363
People talk about thinking
global, acting local.

1230
01:15:04,538 --> 01:15:08,660
I suppose I'm really sitting
in that truth presently.

1231
01:15:08,660 --> 01:15:10,380
I'd rather think local and act global,

1232
01:15:10,380 --> 01:15:12,573
but we've got to start
somewhere, you know?

1233
01:15:13,470 --> 01:15:14,360
And so...

1234
01:15:15,200 --> 01:15:19,140
Yeah, that's the change that
I'm wanting to see in the world

1235
01:15:19,140 --> 01:15:22,373
so I'm being it the best I can.

1236
01:15:22,373 --> 01:15:24,956
(upbeat music)

1237
01:15:33,136 --> 01:15:35,719
(somber music)

1238
01:16:02,981 --> 01:16:04,030
(upbeat music)

1239
01:16:04,030 --> 01:16:06,860
- I see a lot of people who
are very sensitive to...

1240
01:16:07,720 --> 01:16:11,141
The devastation, the
damage or just civilization

1241
01:16:11,141 --> 01:16:15,350
and it paralyzes them and that's sad

1242
01:16:15,350 --> 01:16:20,350
because we need those
people, all of those people.

1243
01:16:20,870 --> 01:16:23,190
You know, there are a lot of
things that could depress you

1244
01:16:23,190 --> 01:16:26,220
out in the world, but if
you take each negative act,

1245
01:16:26,220 --> 01:16:30,070
there's almost like an
opportunity or a provocation

1246
01:16:30,070 --> 01:16:33,040
to do your thing, which
is the opposite of that,

1247
01:16:33,040 --> 01:16:37,380
give more life, then it's
fun, it's a winnable game,

1248
01:16:37,380 --> 01:16:39,344
that's how I see it.

1249
01:16:39,344 --> 01:16:41,927
(gentle music)

1250
01:16:45,621 --> 01:16:47,381
- Wouldn't it be awesome
to see our country

1251
01:16:47,381 --> 01:16:48,623
before human contact?

1252
01:16:51,120 --> 01:16:53,640
You know, the thousands and
thousands, millions of birds.

1253
01:16:53,640 --> 01:16:57,173
Huge, huge Cody trees,
it's just unimaginable.

1254
01:16:58,040 --> 01:17:01,680
I think we all have done a
misjustice to the (speaks Maori).

1255
01:17:06,122 --> 01:17:08,000
My ancestors weren't exactly
the best conservationists

1256
01:17:08,000 --> 01:17:11,880
either but we now have a chance to revive

1257
01:17:11,880 --> 01:17:15,003
and recover those landscapes
before it's too late.

1258
01:17:19,280 --> 01:17:22,110
- Over a three year period
we planted 85,000 trees

1259
01:17:22,110 --> 01:17:24,970
and the majority of those
are New Zealand native trees

1260
01:17:24,970 --> 01:17:27,690
which are now flourishing
and really transforming

1261
01:17:27,690 --> 01:17:28,523
the landscape.

1262
01:17:29,940 --> 01:17:31,510
I just sort of would love
to see what this place

1263
01:17:31,510 --> 01:17:34,040
looked like 1000 years ago, which is such

1264
01:17:34,040 --> 01:17:36,760
a brief period in ecological time

1265
01:17:36,760 --> 01:17:38,890
and in that time we've sort of stripped

1266
01:17:38,890 --> 01:17:42,580
most of the native vegetation
and done a whole lot

1267
01:17:42,580 --> 01:17:46,010
of damage and we've gone
about as far as we can

1268
01:17:46,010 --> 01:17:48,360
down that road and so now it's time for us

1269
01:17:48,360 --> 01:17:52,310
to try and find the balance
and restore those...

1270
01:17:53,460 --> 01:17:55,786
Ecosystems but find a place for humans

1271
01:17:55,786 --> 01:17:57,703
living harmoniously within it.

1272
01:18:01,860 --> 01:18:03,930
- You don't realize
this, but this used to be

1273
01:18:03,930 --> 01:18:04,893
pastoral desert.

1274
01:18:05,781 --> 01:18:06,901
- It was just grass.

1275
01:18:06,901 --> 01:18:08,602
- Yeah, and...

1276
01:18:08,602 --> 01:18:10,070
This is what people can do.
- Mmm.

1277
01:18:10,070 --> 01:18:12,020
- [Man] You can create heaven on earth.

1278
01:18:13,002 --> 01:18:15,502
(birds chirp)

1279
01:18:16,530 --> 01:18:20,440
- Start growing food, food is
central to the way we live,

1280
01:18:20,440 --> 01:18:23,623
our health and our whole
ecosystem, environment.

1281
01:18:25,610 --> 01:18:29,043
Even if you're in an
apartment, windowsills, pots,

1282
01:18:29,954 --> 01:18:32,042
whatever, you can start
and that's the first step.

1283
01:18:32,042 --> 01:18:34,880
Once you engage with growing
and experiencing nature

1284
01:18:34,880 --> 01:18:36,743
then things start to happen.

1285
01:18:39,010 --> 01:18:41,530
- I get asked this a
lot, what can somebody do

1286
01:18:41,530 --> 01:18:43,950
if they're not a farmer,
if they're not on the land,

1287
01:18:43,950 --> 01:18:45,090
what can they do to change it?

1288
01:18:45,090 --> 01:18:49,140
Well, they can do a lot, the
best thing that anybody can do

1289
01:18:49,140 --> 01:18:50,830
is to vote with their wallets.

1290
01:18:50,830 --> 01:18:52,890
While in some cases it
may be more expensive,

1291
01:18:52,890 --> 01:18:56,350
do what you can, you know, you can see

1292
01:18:56,350 --> 01:19:00,400
people in your area that
are producing food that is

1293
01:19:00,400 --> 01:19:03,030
ecologically healthy,
they're doing it in a way

1294
01:19:03,030 --> 01:19:05,239
that is looking after the environment,

1295
01:19:05,239 --> 01:19:07,500
then that adds up, you
know, the more people

1296
01:19:07,500 --> 01:19:11,200
that do that, the less
expensive it will become

1297
01:19:11,200 --> 01:19:12,600
as that becomes normalized.

1298
01:19:12,600 --> 01:19:15,183
(gentle music)

1299
01:19:16,880 --> 01:19:19,405
- You know, from an
individual's point of view,

1300
01:19:19,405 --> 01:19:23,722
the biggest change by
far that we can achieve

1301
01:19:23,722 --> 01:19:26,220
in our own by changing our own lifestyle

1302
01:19:26,220 --> 01:19:28,760
is to reduce the amount of meat we eat.

1303
01:19:28,760 --> 01:19:30,620
That will have a much bigger effect

1304
01:19:30,620 --> 01:19:33,953
than what we do transport
wise, almost anything else.

1305
01:19:37,030 --> 01:19:39,330
- It's a lovely poem that talks
about, we don't have to be

1306
01:19:39,330 --> 01:19:41,380
good, we don't have to
walk 100 miles on our knees

1307
01:19:41,380 --> 01:19:44,120
repenting in the desert,
we just have to do

1308
01:19:44,120 --> 01:19:47,299
what the soft animal of our body loves

1309
01:19:47,299 --> 01:19:50,013
and I really like that,
I really like that.

1310
01:19:50,990 --> 01:19:54,170
For me this turns out to
be what I love and I have

1311
01:19:54,170 --> 01:19:56,901
a suspicion that this is
actually the blueprint

1312
01:19:56,901 --> 01:19:59,024
and there's something
when people get to it,

1313
01:19:59,024 --> 01:20:04,024
everybody would want to live
this way, I suspect, but...

1314
01:20:04,280 --> 01:20:06,720
It might be a really long
journey for some folks

1315
01:20:06,720 --> 01:20:07,870
to get to that knowing.

1316
01:20:12,060 --> 01:20:15,650
- Last year, I made a submission to...

1317
01:20:15,650 --> 01:20:19,300
The council of longterm plan
that I thought climate change

1318
01:20:19,300 --> 01:20:23,910
was by far the most
urgent and important issue

1319
01:20:23,910 --> 01:20:25,800
that council should...

1320
01:20:25,800 --> 01:20:29,020
Be concerned about and...

1321
01:20:29,020 --> 01:20:31,443
They said, and what would that look like?

1322
01:20:34,917 --> 01:20:36,334
I got a reaction.

1323
01:20:37,210 --> 01:20:39,060
So I ruminate on that for a while

1324
01:20:39,900 --> 01:20:43,060
and I took it back to a
group that I was part of,

1325
01:20:43,060 --> 01:20:46,000
called Project Wairarapa, and...

1326
01:20:47,260 --> 01:20:49,670
They said, yes.

1327
01:20:49,670 --> 01:20:51,740
Let's do this.

1328
01:20:51,740 --> 01:20:55,800
You should've heard the
buzz at that first meeting,

1329
01:20:55,800 --> 01:21:00,800
it was fantastic and that
feeds me, that encourages me.

1330
01:21:02,870 --> 01:21:06,010
That I'm doing something
useful, it's my time

1331
01:21:06,010 --> 01:21:09,498
to give back to the community
that's been so good to me,

1332
01:21:09,498 --> 01:21:13,523
where I've raised my kids
and had such a good life.

1333
01:21:16,570 --> 01:21:19,710
- So my vision for the future,
I have to be really clear,

1334
01:21:19,710 --> 01:21:22,250
it doesn't have anything
to do with things working

1335
01:21:22,250 --> 01:21:25,800
the way they do now but
with renewable energy.

1336
01:21:25,800 --> 01:21:27,500
That's actually not a possibility.

1337
01:21:28,460 --> 01:21:31,480
Working on renewable energy
and being quite different

1338
01:21:31,480 --> 01:21:33,840
from what we do now,
evolving into something else

1339
01:21:33,840 --> 01:21:36,780
is the vision I see.

1340
01:21:36,780 --> 01:21:41,780
Now how well that's all
working, how high a quality

1341
01:21:41,970 --> 01:21:45,630
of life that is, how fair
it is, how equitable it is,

1342
01:21:45,630 --> 01:21:47,830
how stable the governments
are, how much war

1343
01:21:47,830 --> 01:21:50,300
has come between now and
then completely depends

1344
01:21:50,300 --> 01:21:51,658
on what we do right now.

1345
01:21:51,658 --> 01:21:54,500
(gentle music)

1346
01:21:54,500 --> 01:21:56,110
- I think that the place that we're going

1347
01:21:56,110 --> 01:21:58,983
is a place that we cannot
see from where we are.

1348
01:22:00,630 --> 01:22:05,497
It'll only emerge or become
visible as we move toward it

1349
01:22:05,497 --> 01:22:08,760
so I'm not gonna say,
okay, here's the blueprint

1350
01:22:08,760 --> 01:22:11,297
for the future system,
I've thought it all out

1351
01:22:11,297 --> 01:22:13,520
and so now I'm gonna tell you what it is,

1352
01:22:13,520 --> 01:22:16,800
but I do catch glimpses
sometimes, you know.

1353
01:22:16,800 --> 01:22:20,090
One thing that comes to
me is that in the future,

1354
01:22:20,090 --> 01:22:23,204
we'll feel really at home
in the world, we will be

1355
01:22:23,204 --> 01:22:26,793
intimately familiar with
the landscape around us.

1356
01:22:27,970 --> 01:22:31,803
We will be in rich communities.

1357
01:22:32,743 --> 01:22:35,510
The best experiences
you've had in your life,

1358
01:22:35,510 --> 01:22:39,183
the most authentic, the most vibrant,

1359
01:22:40,210 --> 01:22:42,563
those don't have to be exceptions.

1360
01:22:44,850 --> 01:22:47,370
Trust what feels loving,
trust what feels good,

1361
01:22:47,370 --> 01:22:50,063
trust what feels aligned
with who you really are.

1362
01:22:52,360 --> 01:22:55,890
If you live by that and spread that vibe

1363
01:22:55,890 --> 01:22:57,860
and other people start living by that

1364
01:22:57,860 --> 01:22:59,914
then the whole planet is gonna change.

1365
01:22:59,914 --> 01:23:02,664
(hopeful music)